FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Gupta, A Sumner, CJ Castor, M Maslanka, S Sobel, J AF Gupta, A Sumner, CJ Castor, M Maslanka, S Sobel, J TI Adult botulism type F in the United States, 1981-2002 SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY FEB 29-MAR 03, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Soc Microbiol, Assoc Public Hlth Labs, Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, WHO ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; INFANT BOTULISM; FOODBORNE BOTULISM; TOXIN; NEUROTOXIN; BARATII; IDENTIFICATION AB Background: Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin types A, B, and E cause most cases of the paralytic disease botulism. Little is known about the epidemiology, clinical features, or microbiology of botulism type F. Methods: Cases of adult type F botulism were identified by review of data collected by CDC's National Botulism Surveillance System between 1981 and 2002. A case was either an individual whose serum or stool demonstrated type F toxin or whose stool culture yielded an organism producing toxin type F. A detailed review of cases' medical charts and laboratory data from CDC and local health departments was performed. Results: Between 1981 and 2002, 1,269 cases of botulism among adults and infants were reported to CDC; 13 (1%) were adult type F. The median age of type F cases was 54 years; 7 (54%) were female. None were part of outbreaks. A toxigenic Clostridium baratii was identified in 9 (69%) of 13 cases. Among 11 cases for which clinical data were available, all required mechanical ventilation for a median duration of 17 days ( range, 10 to 84); 8 (73%) were intubated within 24 hours of symptom onset. All patients had nearly complete or complete quadriplegia at the nadir of neurologic dysfunction, which occurred on average on day 5. On average by day 8, improvement in neuromuscular function was noted. The median duration of acute hospitalization was 31 days ( range, 20 to 60). No deaths were reported. In only one case was a possible foodborne etiology identified. Conclusions: Toxigenic C baratii are the sole documented causes of type F botulism in the United States since 1981. These cases are characterized by a fulminant course with rapid progression to respiratory failure and paralysis, making early recognition and intervention critical to appropriate management. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Res Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. NINDS, Neurogenet Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gupta, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Res Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM agupta25@jhmi.edu NR 33 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD DEC 13 PY 2005 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1694 EP 1700 DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000187127.92446.4c PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 992QG UT WOS:000233898300004 PM 16344510 ER PT J AU Hesse, BW Nelson, DE Kreps, GL Croyle, RT Arora, NK Rimer, BK Viswanath, K AF Hesse, BW Nelson, DE Kreps, GL Croyle, RT Arora, NK Rimer, BK Viswanath, K TI Trust and sources of health information - The impact of the Internet and its implications for health care providers: Findings from the first Health Information National Trends Survey SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL INFORMATION; CANCER-PATIENTS; COMMUNICATION; QUALITY; TELEMEDICINE; COMMUNITIES; PHYSICIANS; SUPPORT; SYSTEMS; CANADA AB Background: The context in which patients consume health information has changed dramatically with diffusion of the Internet, advances in telemedicine, and changes in media health coverage. The objective of this study was to provide nationally representative estimates for health-related uses of the Internet, level of trust in health information sources, and preferences for cancer information sources. Methods: Data from the Health Information National Trends Survey were used. A total of 6369 persons 18 years or older were studied. The main outcome measures were online health activities, levels of trust, and source preference. Results: Analyses indicated that 63.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.7%-64.3%) of the US adult population in 2003 reported ever going online, with 63.7% (95% Cl, 61.7%-65.8%) of the online population having looked for health information for themselves or others at least once in the previous 12 months. Despite newly available communication channels, physicians remained the most highly trusted information source to patients, with 62.4% (95% Cl, 60.8%-64.0%) of adults expressing a lot of trust in their physicians. When asked where they preferred going for specific health information, 49.5% (95% Cl, 48.1%-50.8%) reported wanting to go to their physicians first. When asked where they actually went, 48.6% (95% Cl, 46.1%-5 1.0%) reported going online first, with only 10.9% (95% Cl, 9.5%-12.3%) going to their physicians first. Conclusion: The Health Information National Trends Survey data portray a tectonic shift in the ways in which patients consume health and medical information, with more patients looking for information online before talking with their physicians. C1 NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Commun, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hesse, BW (reprint author), NCI, 6130 Execut Blvd,Mail Stop Code 7365, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hesseb@mail.nih.gov OI Hesse, Bradford/0000-0003-1142-1161 NR 56 TC 532 Z9 536 U1 7 U2 102 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD DEC 12 PY 2005 VL 165 IS 22 BP 2618 EP 2624 DI 10.1001/archinte.165.22.2618 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 992KW UT WOS:000233883800013 PM 16344419 ER PT J AU Watson, JT Jones, RC Siston, AM Fernandez, JR Martin, K Bech, E Sohalski, S Jensen, BJ Arduino, MJ Srinivasan, A Gerber, SI AF Watson, JT Jones, RC Siston, AM Fernandez, JR Martin, K Bech, E Sohalski, S Jensen, BJ Arduino, MJ Srinivasan, A Gerber, SI TI Outbreak of catheter-associated Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infections in an oncology chemotherapy center SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION; BACTEREMIA; THERAPY; SEPSIS; UNIT AB Background: In March 2004, the Chicago Department of Public Health was notified of a cluster of bloodstream infections with Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterobacter cloacae at a chemotherapy center. Our purpose was to identify the source of the outbreak and prevent further cases. Methods: The investigation included 103 oncology patients seen at an outpatient oncology chemotherapy center in Chicago during the 16 days before its closure. The outbreak investigation included case identification, retrospective cohort study, review of medical records, microbiologic testing of blood specimens, environmental cultures, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The main outcome measure was infection with K oxytoca, E cloacae, or both, and the Mantel-Haenszel chi(2) test was used to assess risk of infection in relation to presence of central venous catheter. Results: Among the 103 patients, risk of infection was associated with the presence of central venous catheter (relative risk undefined, P<.001). Twenty-seven patients had blood cultures that grew K oxytoca, E cloacae, or both, and all had central venous catheters that were flushed with isotonic sodium chloride solution at the clinic from February 17 through March 3, 2004. Isolates of K oxytoca and E cloacae were matched by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to K oxytoca and E cloacae isolates obtained from multiple predrawn syringes and from the intravenous fluid and administration set in use in the clinic at the time of its closing. Conclusions: The injection of contaminated isotonic sodium chloride solution through the venous catheters of attendees at the clinic likely provided the opportunity for bloodstream infections in these 27 case patients. This outbreak highlights the need for continued emphasis on safe injection practices and suggests the need for guidelines and recommendations tailored to outpatient settings. C1 Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Westside Ctr Dis Control, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Advocate Christ Med Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerber, SI (reprint author), Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Westside Ctr Dis Control, 2160 W Ogden, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM Gerber-Sue@cdph.org NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD DEC 12 PY 2005 VL 165 IS 22 BP 2639 EP 2643 DI 10.1001/archinte.165.22.2639 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 992KW UT WOS:000233883800016 PM 16344422 ER PT J AU Betran, AP Wojdyla, D Posner, SF Gulmezoglu, AM AF Betran, AP Wojdyla, D Posner, SF Gulmezoglu, AM TI National estimates for maternal mortality: an analysis based on the WHO systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Background: Despite the worldwide commitment to improving maternal health, measuring, monitoring and comparing maternal mortality estimates remain a challenge. Due to lack of data, international agencies have to rely on mathematical models to assess its global burden. In order to assist in mapping the burden of reproductive ill-health, we conducted a systematic review of incidence/prevalence of maternal mortality and morbidity. Methods: We followed the standard methodology for systematic reviews. This manuscript presents nationally representative estimates of maternal mortality derived from the systematic review. Using regression models, relationships between study-specific and country-specific variables with the maternal mortality estimates are explored in order to assist further modelling to predict maternal mortality. Results: Maternal mortality estimates included 141 countries and represent 78.1% of the live births worldwide. As expected, large variability between countries, and within regions and subregions, is identified. Analysis of variability according to study characteristics did not yield useful results given the high correlation with each other, with development status and region. A regression model including selected country-specific variables was able to explain 90% of the variability of the maternal mortality estimates. Among all country-specific variables selected for the analysis, three had the strongest relationships with maternal mortality: proportion of deliveries assisted by a skilled birth attendant, infant mortality rate and health expenditure per capita. Conclusion: With the exception of developed countries, variability of national maternal mortality estimates is large even within subregions. It seems more appropriate to study such variation through differentials in other national and subnational characteristics. Other than region, study of country-specific variables suggests infant mortality rate, skilled birth attendant at delivery and health expenditure per capita are key variables to predict maternal mortality at national level. C1 WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, UNDP, UNFPA,World Bank Special Programme Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Nacl Rosario, Ctr Rosarino Estudios Perinatales & Escuela Estad, RA-2000 Rosario, Argentina. RP Betran, AP (reprint author), WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, UNDP, UNFPA,World Bank Special Programme Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM betrana@who.int; dwojdyla@arnet.com.ar; shp5@cdc.gov; gulmezoglum@who.int RI Betran, Ana Pilar/G-2023-2010 NR 23 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 12 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 131 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-5-131 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 006HV UT WOS:000234889500001 PM 16343339 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL AF Gerberding, JL TI Flu virus will not be sent in the regular US mail SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 8 PY 2005 VL 438 IS 7069 BP 738 EP 738 DI 10.1038/438738c PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 990XX UT WOS:000233777800020 PM 16340988 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC Killgore, GE Thompson, A Owens, RC Kazakova, SV Sambol, SP Johnson, S Gerding, DN AF McDonald, LC Killgore, GE Thompson, A Owens, RC Kazakova, SV Sambol, SP Johnson, S Gerding, DN TI An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID BINARY TOXIN; ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; DIARRHEA; OUTBREAK; COLITIS; DISEASE; POLYMORPHISM; TOXINOTYPES; HOSPITALS; INFECTION AB BACKGROUND: Recent reports suggest that the rate and severity of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in the United States are increasing and that the increase may be associated with the emergence of a new strain of C. difficile with increased virulence, resistance, or both. METHODS: A total of 187 C. difficile isolates were collected from eight health care facilities in six states (Georgia, Illinois, Maine, New Jersey, Oregon, and Pennsylvania) in which outbreaks of C. difficile-associated disease had occurred between 2000 and 2003. The isolates were characterized by restriction-endonuclease analysis (REA), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and toxinotyping, and the results were compared with those from a database of more than 6000 isolates obtained before 2001. The polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the recently described binary toxin CDT and a deletion in the pathogenicity locus gene, tcdC, that might result in increased production of toxins A and B. RESULTS: Isolates that belonged to one REA group (BI) and had the same PFGE type (NAP1) were identified in specimens collected from patients at all eight facilities and accounted for at least half of the isolates from five facilities. REA group BI, which was first identified in 1984, was uncommon among isolates from the historic database (14 cases). Both historic and current (obtained since 2001) BI/NAP1 isolates were of toxinotype III, were positive for the binary toxin CDT, and contained an 18-bp tcdC deletion. Resistance to gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin was more common in current BI/NAP1 isolates than in non-BI/NAP1 isolates (100 percent vs. 42 percent, P<0.001), whereas the rate of resistance to clindamycin was the same in the two groups (79 percent). All of the current but none of the historic BI/NAP1 isolates were resistant to gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A previously uncommon strain of C. difficile with variations in toxin genes has become more resistant to fluoroquinolones and has emerged as a cause of geographically dispersed outbreaks of C. difficile-associated disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Maine Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Portland, ME 04102 USA. Maine Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Portland, ME 04102 USA. Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA. Vet Affairs Edward Hines Jr Hosp, Infect Dis Sect, Hines, IL USA. Vet Affairs Edward Hines Jr Hosp, Res Serv, Hines, IL USA. Loyola Univ, Stritch Sch Med, Hines, IL USA. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmcdonald1@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 1187 Z9 1229 U1 12 U2 79 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 8 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 23 BP 2433 EP 2441 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa051590 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 990OZ UT WOS:000233754400005 PM 16322603 ER PT J AU Bahta, L Bartkus, J Besser, J Crouch, N Cebelinski, E Ehresmann, K Fuller, S Harriman, K Harper, J Hull, H Lynfield, R Miller, C Rainbow, J Sullivan, M Wax, G Ackerman, P Parker, A CDC AF Bahta, L Bartkus, J Besser, J Crouch, N Cebelinski, E Ehresmann, K Fuller, S Harriman, K Harper, J Hull, H Lynfield, R Miller, C Rainbow, J Sullivan, M Wax, G Ackerman, P Parker, A CDC TI Poliovirus infections in four unvaccinated children - Minnesota, August-October 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1053-1055, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Childrens Hosp & Clin Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bahta, L (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 7 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 21 BP 2689 EP 2691 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 990EV UT WOS:000233726900004 ER PT J AU Staggs, W Graves, C Ellsworth, D Teclaw, R Dayan, G Redd, S LeBaron, C Parker, A AF Staggs, W Graves, C Ellsworth, D Teclaw, R Dayan, G Redd, S LeBaron, C Parker, A CA CDC TI Import-associated measles outbreak - Indiana, May-June 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1073-1075, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Staggs, W (reprint author), Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 7 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 21 BP 2691 EP 2692 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 990EV UT WOS:000233726900005 ER PT J AU Fry, AM Shay, DK Holman, RC Curns, AT Anderson, LJ AF Fry, AM Shay, DK Holman, RC Curns, AT Anderson, LJ TI Trends in hospitalizations for pneumonia among persons aged 65 years or older in the United States, 1988-2002 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; RISK-FACTORS; ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; DISEASE; INFECTION; ADULTS AB Context Pneumonia causes significant mortality and morbidity among persons aged 65 years or older. However, few studies have explored trends according to age groups, which may affect intervention strategies. Objectives To examine trends in hospitalizations for pneumonia among persons aged 65 years or older and to compare characteristics, outcomes, and comorbid diagnoses. Design, Setting, and Patients Data from 1988 through 2002 on pneumonia and comorbid diagnoses among patients aged 65 to 74 years, 75 to 84 years, and 85 years or older from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Main Outcome Measures Hospitalization rates by first-listed and any-listed discharge codes for pneumonia; proportions of hospitalizations reporting comorbid diagnoses for the 3 age groups (65-74 years, 75-84 years, >= 85 years). Results Hospitalization rates by both first-listed and any-listed discharge codes for pneumonia increased by 20% from 1988-1990 to 2000-2002 for patients aged 65 to 74 years (P=.01) and for patients aged 75 to 84 years (P<.001). Rates of hospitalization for pneumonia were 2-fold higher for patients aged 85 years or older (51 per 1000 population for first-listed discharge code of pneumonia; 95% confidence interval [CI], 46-55 per 1000 population) than among patients aged 75 to 84 years (26 per 1000 population; 95% Cl, 24-28 per 1000 population), but did not significantly increase from 1988-1990 to 2000-2002. The proportion of patients aged 65 years or older diagnosed with pneumonia and a chronic cardiac disease, chronic pulmonary disease, or diabetes mellitus increased from 66% (SE, 1.0%) in 1988-1990 to 77% (SE, 0.8%) in 2000-2002. The risk of death during a hospitalization for pneumonia compared with the risk of death during a hospital stay for the 10 other most frequent causes of hospitalization was 1.5 (95% Cl, 1.4-1.7) and remained constant from 19881990 to 2000-2002. Conclusions Hospitalization rates for pneumonia have increased among US adults aged 64 to 74 years and aged 75 to 84 years during the past 15 years. Among those aged 85 years or older, at least 1 in 20 patients were hospitalized each year due to pneumonia. Concomitantly, the proportion of comorbid chronic diseases has increased. Efforts to prevent pneumonia should include reducing preventable comorbid conditions and improving vaccine effectiveness and vaccination programs in elderly persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fry, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afry@cdc.gov OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 52 TC 221 Z9 232 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 7 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 21 BP 2712 EP 2719 DI 10.1001/jama.294.21.2712 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 990EV UT WOS:000233726900019 PM 16333006 ER PT J AU Izurieta, HS Haber, P Wise, RP Iskander, J Pratt, D Mink, C Chang, SJ Braun, MM Ball, R AF Izurieta, HS Haber, P Wise, RP Iskander, J Pratt, D Mink, C Chang, SJ Braun, MM Ball, R TI Adverse events reported following live, cold-adapted, intranasal influenza vaccine SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; SYSTEM; SAFETY AB Context In June 2003, the US Food and Drug Administration licensed a trivalent live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV-T) for intranasal administration to healthy persons 5 to 49 years of age. Although prelicensure testing involved 20228 vaccinees, clinical trials were not of sufficient size to detect rare adverse events reliably. Objective To identify adverse events reported following LAIV-T administration after licensure. Design, Setting, and Participants All adverse events reported to the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) during the 2003-2004 and the 2004-2005 influenza seasons. Main Outcome Measures Numbers and proportions of reported adverse events and reporting rates of adverse events per 100 000 vaccinees. Results Approximately 2 500000 persons received LAIV-T during the first 2 post-licensure seasons. As of August 16, 2005, VAERS received 460 adverse event reports for vaccinations received from August 2003 through July 2005. No fatalities were reported. There were 7 reports of possible anaphylaxis, 2 reports of Guillain-Barre syndrome, 1 report of Bell palsy, and 8 reports of asthma exacerbation among individuals with a prior asthma history. Events in individuals for whom the vaccine was not indicated accounted for 73 reports (16%). Conclusions Reports to VAERS in the first 2 seasons of LAIV-T use did not identify any unexpected serious risks with this vaccine when used according to approved indications. Like many vaccines and other medical products, LAIV-T may rarely cause anaphylaxis. Secondary transmission of the vaccine virus merits further investigation. Reports of asthma exacerbations in vaccinees with prior asthma history highlight the risks of vaccine use inconsistent with approved labeling. C1 US FDA, Vaccine Safety Branch, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol,Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Izurieta, HS (reprint author), US FDA, Vaccine Safety Branch, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol,Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, 1401 Rockville Pike,2nd Floor,Suite 200S,HFM-222, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM hector.izurieta@fda.hhs.gov NR 18 TC 78 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 7 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 21 BP 2720 EP 2725 DI 10.1001/jama.294.21.2720 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 990EV UT WOS:000233726900020 PM 16333007 ER PT J AU Casey, CG Iskander, JK Roper, MH Mast, EE Wen, XJ Torok, TJ Chapman, LE Swerdlow, DL Morgan, J Heffelfinger, JD Vitek, C Reef, SE Hasbrouck, LM Damon, I Neff, L Vellozzi, C McCauley, M Strikas, RA Mootrey, G AF Casey, CG Iskander, JK Roper, MH Mast, EE Wen, XJ Torok, TJ Chapman, LE Swerdlow, DL Morgan, J Heffelfinger, JD Vitek, C Reef, SE Hasbrouck, LM Damon, I Neff, L Vellozzi, C McCauley, M Strikas, RA Mootrey, G TI Adverse events associated with smallpox vaccination in the United States, January-October 2003 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PROGRESSIVE VACCINIA; GENERALIZED VACCINIA; ECZEMA VACCINATUM; REPORTING SYSTEM; COMPLICATIONS; MYOCARDITIS; SURVEILLANCE; SAFETY; MILITARY; PROGRAM AB Context On January 24, 2003, the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) implemented a preparedness program in which smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine was administered to federal, state, and local volunteers who might be first responders during a bioterrorism event. Objective To describe results from the comprehensive DHHS smallpox vaccine safety monitoring and response system. Design, Setting, and Participants Descriptive study of adverse event reports from the DHHS smallpox vaccine safety monitoring and response system received between January 24 and October 31, 2003, through the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 37 901 volunteers in 55 jurisdictions received at least 1 dose of smallpox vaccine. Main Outcome Measures Number of vaccinations administered and description of adverse events and reporting rates. Results A total of 38 885 smallpox vaccinations were administered, with a take rate of 92%. VAERS received 822 reports of adverse events following smallpox vaccination (overall reporting rate, 217 per 10 000 vaccinees). A total of 590 adverse events (72%) were reported within 14 days of vaccination. Nonserious adverse events (n=722) included multiple signs and symptoms of mild and self-limited local reactions. One hundred adverse events (12%) were designated as serious, resulting in 85 hospitalizations, 2 permanent disabilities, 10 life-threatening illnesses, and 3 deaths. Among the serious adverse events, 21 cases were classified as myocarditis and/or pericarditis and 10 as ischemic cardiac events that were not anticipated based on historical data. Two cases of generalized vaccinia and 1 case of postvaccinial encephalitis were detected. No preventable life-threatening adverse reactions, contact transmissions, or adverse reactions that required treatment with vaccinia immune globulin were identified. Serious adverse events were more common among older revaccinees than younger first-time vaccinees. Conclusions Rigorous smallpox vaccine safety screening, educational programs, and older vaccinees may have contributed to low rates of preventable life-threatening adverse reactions. Other rare, clinically significant, or unexpected cardiac adverse events were detected by timely review of VAERS data and intensive clinical case investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Event Monitoring & Respo, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Off Preparedness & Emergency Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Off Associate Director Sci, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Logist Hlth Inc, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Casey, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Off Director, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ccasey@cdc.gov NR 72 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 7 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 21 BP 2734 EP 2743 DI 10.1001/jama.294.21.2734 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 990EV UT WOS:000233726900022 PM 16333009 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Labutta, RJ Chapman, LE Grabenstein, JD Iskander, J Lane, JM AF Sejvar, JJ Labutta, RJ Chapman, LE Grabenstein, JD Iskander, J Lane, JM TI Neurologic adverse events associated with smallpox vaccination in the United States, 2002-2004 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; REPORTING SYSTEM; VACCINIA VIRUS; BELLS-PALSY; COMPLICATIONS; SURVEILLANCE; ENCEPHALITIS; IMMUNIZATION; EXPERIENCE; CHILDREN AB Context Neurologic illness is an infrequent but severe adverse event associated with smallpox vaccination. The reinstatement of smallpox vaccination in the United States in response to possible bioterrorism renewed concerns about vaccine-related adverse neurologic events. Objective To determine rates and describe the clinical features of neurologic events associated with smallpox vaccination. Design and Setting We assessed reports of adverse events obtained through active case reporting and review of data reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System among 665 000 persons vaccinated against smallpox by the Departments of Defense (n = 590 400) and Health and Human Services (n =64 600) during the 20022004 US Smallpox Vaccination Program. Main Outcome Measure Adverse neurologic events temporally associated with smallpox vaccination. Results Between December 16, 2002, and March 11, 2004, 214 neurologic adverse events temporally associated with smallpox vaccination were reported; 111 reports involved Department of Health and Human Services and 103 involved Department of Defense vaccinees. Fifty-four percent of these events occurred within 1 week of vaccination, and 53% were among primary vaccinees. The most common neurologic adverse event was headache (95 cases), followed by nonserious limb paresthesias (n = 17) or pain (n = 13) and dizziness or vertigo (n = 13). Serious neurologic adverse events included 13 cases of suspected meningitis, 3 cases of suspected encephalitis or myelitis, 11 cases of Bell palsy, 8 seizures (including 1 death), and 3 cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Among these 39 events, 27 (69%) occurred in primary vaccinees and all but 2 occurred within 12 days of vaccination. Conclusions During the 2002-2004 smallpox vaccination campaign, reported neurologic events were generally mild and self-limited, and no neurologic syndrome was identified at a rate above baseline estimates. Serious neurologic adverse events, such as postvaccinal encephalitis, Bell palsy, and Guillain-Barre syndrome, occurred in accordance with expected ranges. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA Med Command, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Falls Church, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Smallpox Eradicat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 7 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 21 BP 2744 EP 2750 DI 10.1001/jama.294.21.2744 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 990EV UT WOS:000233726900023 PM 16333010 ER PT J AU Murashov, VV Demchuk, E AF Murashov, VV Demchuk, E TI Surface sites and unrelaxed surface energies of tetrahedral silica polymorphs and silicate SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE silicates; density functional calculations; thermodynamics; surface energy; cleavage; faceting; surface sites; surface distribution ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; WAVE BASIS-SET; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; QUARTZ; DISSOLUTION; KAOLINITE; CLEAVAGE; TRANSITION AB Surface properties of respirable silica, which represents a major occupational safety concern, were investigated computationally, and a model for quantitative characterization of crystalline silica surface sites was developed. It was found that the surface energy of crystalline solids, such as silica and silicates, can be calculated as a product of the surface site density and site energy. The energies of sites formed by faceting tetrahedral silica polymorphs and aluminosilicate were determined by parametric fitting ab initio surface energies to site densities. Boltzmann's statistics was used to describe the distribution of faces as an exponential function of unrelaxed surface energy in the comminuted crystalline solids. Using these findings, crystallographic face distributions on fractured quartz, coesite, tridymite, and cristobalite were derived and average silanol hydroxyl densities in fractured particulate of these materials were estimated as 0.070, 0.059, 0.058, and 0.055 angstrom(-2), respectively. The proposed method of quantitative characterization of the surface bridges the gap between microscopic simulations and measurable observables, such as cytotoxicity of respirable silica. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Sch Pharm, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Murashov, VV (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM vmurashov@cdc.gov RI Murashov, Vladimir/K-5481-2012 NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 5 PY 2005 VL 595 IS 1-3 BP 6 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2005.07.030 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 984PD UT WOS:000233315900003 ER PT J AU Buck, J Kang, MS van der Straten, A Khumalo-Sakutukwa, G Posner, S Padian, N AF Buck, J Kang, MS van der Straten, A Khumalo-Sakutukwa, G Posner, S Padian, N TI Barrier method preferences and perceptions among Zimbabwean women and their partners SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE acceptability; barrier methods; HIV prevention; contraception; female-controlled methods; condoms; diaphragm ID FEMALE-CONDOM USE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; RISK-REDUCTION HIERARCHY; SOUTH-WESTERN UGANDA; SEX WORKERS; SAFER SEX; DIAPHRAGM; ACCEPTABILITY; HIV; PREVENTION AB In Zimbabwe, adult HIV prevalence is over 25% and acceptable prevention methods are urgently needed. Sixty-eight Zimbabwean women who had completed a barrier-methods study and 34 of their male partners participated in focus group discussions and in-depth interviews to qualitatively explore acceptability of male condoms, female condoms and diaphragms. Most men and about half of women preferred diaphragms because they are female-controlled and do not detract from sexual pleasure or carry stigma. Unknown efficacy and reuse were concerns and some women reported feeling unclean when leaving the diaphragm in for six hours following sex. Nearly half of women and some men preferred male condoms because they are effective and limit women's exposure to semen, although they reportedly detract from sexual pleasure and carry social stigma. Female condoms were least prefer-red because of obviousness and partial coverage of outer-genitalia that interfered with sexual pleasure. C1 Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. UZ UCSF Collaborat Res Program Womens Hlth, Harare, Zimbabwe. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Buck, J (reprint author), 30 E Huron 4601, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM jmbuck@uchicago.edu OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 9 IS 4 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s10461-005-9013-2 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 000RI UT WOS:000234479700004 PM 16254738 ER PT J AU Ibanez, GE Marin, BVO Villareal, C Gomez, CA AF Ibanez, GE Marin, BVO Villareal, C Gomez, CA TI Condom use at last sex among unmarried Latino men: An event level analysis SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE event analysis; condom use; latino; men; condom availability; language acculturation ID PLANNED BEHAVIOR; HISPANIC MEN; ALCOHOL; PARTNERS; AIDS; PREVENTION; WHITES; HIV; INTENTIONS; BLACKS AB Information about a specific sexual event can shed light on factors that facilitate or impede condom use. Data were collected by a random digit-dialing telephone survey of unmarried Latino adults in 10 states with large Latino populations. In multivariate analyses, among heterosexually active unmarried Latino men (n = 591), those who reported having a condom available, engaging in a conversation about condoms, having a non-steady, casual partner or a one-time partner, were more likely to use condoms. Men were more likely to use condoms when no other birth control was used or pregnancy was not possible than other men. Findings were similar for both low and high acculturated men. Interventions that increase condom availability may be particularly useful for reducing HIV risk among Latino heterosexual men. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Kaiser Oakland Behav Med Clin, Oakland, CA USA. RP Ibanez, GE (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, 3200 S Univ Dr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM igladys@nova.edu NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 9 IS 4 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1007/s10461-005-9015-0 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 000RI UT WOS:000234479700006 PM 16323039 ER PT J AU Posner, SF van der Straten, A Kang, MS Padian, N Chipato, T AF Posner, SF van der Straten, A Kang, MS Padian, N Chipato, T TI Introducing diaphragms into the mix: What happens to male condom use patterns? SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE diaphragm use; male condom use; HIV prevention; condom migration ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; WOMEN; ACCEPTABILITY; INFECTION; DISEASE; TURKEY; HIV AB The objective of this analysis was to assess the effect of introducing the diaphragm on condom use patterns. Participants included One hundred eighty nine women attending family planning clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe who reported less than 100% condom use. The proportion of acts where at least one method was used significantly increased over using follow-up; male condom use remained stable. A diaphragm was used with 50% to 54% of acts; male condoms were also used about 50% of the time. The proportion of acts where a female condom was used decreased. Women who used both male and female condoms were more likely to use diaphragms than those who reported not using female condoms. Introducing the diaphragm increased the overall proportion of protected acts. The proportion of acts where a male condom was used did not change. Female condoms use declined because concurrent use with the diaphragm is not possible. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Zimbabwe Univ Caif San Francisco, Collaborat Res Programme Womens Hlth, Belgravia Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Posner, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Higway MS K-20, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SPosner@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 9 IS 4 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.1007/s10461-005-9016-z PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 000RI UT WOS:000234479700007 PM 16235134 ER PT J AU Dean, HD Fleming, PL Marconi, K AF Dean, HD Fleming, PL Marconi, K TI Uses of HIV and other public health data for HIV prevention and care planning SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. US Dept State, Off Global AIDS Adm, Washington, DC 20520 USA. RP Dean, HD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hdd0@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 SU B BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1521/aeap.2005.17.Supplement B.1 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 999PB UT WOS:000234400800001 ER PT J AU Whitmore, SK Zaidi, IF Dean, HD AF Whitmore, SK Zaidi, IF Dean, HD TI The integrated epidemiologic profile: Using multiple data sources in developing profiles to inform HIV prevention and care planning SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB HIV/AIDS epidemiologic profiles describe the HIV/AIDS epidemic among state and local populations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Health Resources Services Administration collaborated to develop one set of guidelines for developing epidemiologic profiles that would serve as the basis for both Prevention and care planning. The Integrated Guidelines for Developing Epidemiologic Profiles was published in 2003. Profiles based on these guidelines describe the epidemic in terms of sociodemographic, geographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics and should include enough data sources (e.g., sexually transmitted disease, tuberculosis, behavioral, and care-related data) to allow users to make informed, evidenced-based decisions. Development and use of these epidemiologic profiles should lead to more effective prevention and care planning and contribute to objective measures of the impact and outcomes of programs, supported by both federal agencies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Whitmore, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SWhitmore@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 SU B BP 3 EP 16 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 999PB UT WOS:000234400800002 PM 16401178 ER PT J AU Harris, NS Dean, HD Fleming, PL AF Harris, NS Dean, HD Fleming, PL TI Characteristics of adults and adolescents who have migrated from place of AIDS diagnosis to place of death, United States, 1993-2001 SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; RURAL-AREAS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HIV/AIDS; PATTERNS; URBAN; CARE; ERA AB This study compared demographic characteristics of adults and adolescents who received an AIDS diagnosis in one state and died in a different state. We analyzed reports of deaths among persons (>= 13 years old) with AIDS whose state of residence at diagnosis and state of occurrence of death were different (migrants). Between January 1993 and December 2001, 251,441 deaths of adults and adolescents with AIDS occurred. Of these, 13,860 (5.4%) migrated. Migrants were more likely to be male than female, white than black, and men who have sex with men than persons with heterosexual contact. A small proportion of persons with AIDS migrated between residence at AIDS diagnosis and place of death, suggesting that the effect of migration on destination health care services is likely to be small. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Appl Sci Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Harris, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Appl Sci Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS K-22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM NHarris@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 SU B BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1521/aeap.2005.17.Supplement B.39 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 999PB UT WOS:000234400800005 PM 16401181 ER PT J AU Beltrami, JF Shouse, RL Blake, PA AF Beltrami, JF Shouse, RL Blake, PA TI Trends in infectious diseases and the male to female ratio: Possible clues to changes in behavior among men who have sex with men SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID GAY MEN; HIV; PREVALENCE AB Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a priority population for HIV care and prevention programs. This report describes HIV and other sexually transmitted disease (STD) trends among MSM in metropolitan Atlanta by analyzing nine databases. We describe the use of the male-to-female (M:F) ratio, a surrogate marker for MSM in databases without standardized MSM variables that is recommended as an indirect measure of HIV risk behavior in the CDC/HRSA Integrated Guidelines for Developing Epidemiologic Profiles. During 1997 to 2001, there were increases among MSM for reported syphilis (from 9% to 17%), antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea (from 4.8% to 8.6%), and HIV seroprevalence (from 33% to 43%). During 1998 to 2001, the M:F ratio for cases peaked at 12:1 during a hepatitis A outbreak among MSM, increased for shigellosis (from 1:0 to 18:1) and giardiasis (from 1.7 to 2.1), and did not appreciably change for hepatitis B, salmonellosis, or chlamydia. HIV and several other STDs appear to have increased among MSM in metropolitan Atlanta. When standardized MSM variables are not available, an M:F ratio is useful. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MPH & TM, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beltrami, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MPH & TM, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hzb3@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 SU B BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1521/aeap.2005.17.Supplement B.49 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 999PB UT WOS:000234400800006 PM 16401182 ER PT J AU Do, TD Chen, S McDarland, W Secura, GM Behel, SK MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Choi, KH AF Do, TD Chen, S McDarland, W Secura, GM Behel, SK MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Choi, KH TI HIV testing patterns and unrecognized HIV infection among young Asian and Pacific islander men who have sex with men in San Francisco SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HIGH-RISK; AMERICAN MEN; GAY MEN; PREVENTION; FAILURE; POPULATIONS; PREDICTORS; BEHAVIORS; RETURN AB The HIV epidemic is rising in Asian and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men (API MSM), who are often first diagnosed with HIV at a late stage of disease. We investigated the HIV testing patterns, correlates of prior testing, and awareness of HIV infection of 495 API MSM aged 18-29 years recruited from venues in San Francisco, using standardized face-to-face interviews. One quarter of participants had never tested for HIV, citing reasons such as perceived low risk, fear of results, and fear of needles. Older age, gay sexual orientation, history of sexually transmitted disease, higher lifetime number of sexual partners, and higher acculturation were significantly and independently associated with prior testing. Thirteen (2.6%) tested HIV-positive, of whom eight were unaware of their infection, five perceived themselves to be at low risk for HIV, and five reported recent UAI. These findings underscore the need to increase access to culturally appropriate and targeted HIV testing and to change perceptions of risk in this population. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Do, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, 74 New Montgomery St,Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM tdo@psg.ucsf.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU 906255] NR 56 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 BP 540 EP 554 DI 10.1521/aeap.2005.17.6.540 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 997UW UT WOS:000234275300004 PM 16398576 ER PT J AU Chapel, TJ AF Chapel, TJ TI Evaluation fundamentals: Insights into the outcomes, effectiveness, and quality of health programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EVALUATION LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director OSI, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chapel, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director OSI, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS D-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tchapel@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1098-2140 J9 AM J EVAL JI Am. J. Eval. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 4 BP 598 EP 600 DI 10.1177/109821400528142 PG 3 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 985RW UT WOS:000233397000014 ER PT J AU Singleton, JA Poel, A Lu, PJ Nichol, KL Iwane, MK AF Singleton, JA Poel, A Lu, PJ Nichol, KL Iwane, MK TI Where adults reported receiving influenza vaccination in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID AMERICANS AB Background: Influenza vaccination coverage remains unacceptably low among persons aged 65 years and younger high-risk adults. This study assessed locations at which US adults receive influenza (flu) vaccinations and the relative roles that traditional and nontraditional vaccination settings play in influenza vaccine delivery. Methods: We analyzed data on types of settings at which last flu shot was received, reported by adult respondents to the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, stratified by age group and medical condition. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with nontraditional vaccination settings. Results: In 1998-1999, reported influenza vaccination coverage was 19% for persons aged 18-49 years, 36% for persons aged 50-64 years, and 67% for persons aged >= 65 years. Seventy percent of flu shots received by persons aged >= 18 years were reportedly administered in doctors' offices and other traditional settings. Vaccination in nontraditional settings (eg, workplace, stores. community centers) was more likely for young, healthy, employed, white, college-educated adults who had not had a recent routine checkup. Conclusion: Physicians should offer vaccination services at every opportunity Increasing access to vaccination services in nontraditional settings should be considered as another strategy in pursuit of national vaccination coverage objectives. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis VA Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Singleton, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM xzs8@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 2005 VL 33 IS 10 BP 563 EP 570 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.03.016 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 994EE UT WOS:000234012600001 PM 16330304 ER PT J AU Rhee, E Beckman, M Dowling, N Rawlins, P Miller, C Jamison, M Thames, B James, A AF Rhee, E Beckman, M Dowling, N Rawlins, P Miller, C Jamison, M Thames, B James, A TI Protein S levels in normal pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY JAN 30-FEB 04, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 193 IS 6 SU S MA 612 BP S174 EP S174 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.699 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 993IM UT WOS:000233947800608 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA Dunbar, SB AF Mensah, GA Dunbar, SB TI Charting the course for a heart-healthy and stroke-free America SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Nell Hodgson Woodruff Sch Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-40,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ghm8@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.ampre.2005.07.032 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900001 ER PT J AU Liburd, LC Jack, L Williams, S Tucker, P AF Liburd, LC Jack, L Williams, S Tucker, P TI Intervening on the social determinants of cardiovascular disease and diabetes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SELF-MANAGEMENT EDUCATION; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS; HEALTH INEQUALITIES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY; POPULATIONS; DISPARITIES; ETHNICITY AB Heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes ranked first, third, and sixth, respectively, among the leading causes of death and disability in the United States in 2000. Racial and ethnic communities (i.e., African Americans, Hispanic-Latino Americans, Native Americans and Alaska Natives, and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders) disproportionately suffer from these chronic conditions. Traditional behavior change strategies have had some positive, but limited effects and will not likely be sufficient to eliminate these health disparities at the population level. In this commentary, the authors argue for greater intervention research directed at the social determinants of cardiovascular disease and diabetes if we are to reverse current trends in chronic disease prevalence in communities of color. The authors also call for new research questions and study designs that will increase our understanding of the social, policy, and historic context in which disparities are created as a necessary first step in developing interventions aimed at social-contextual and psychosocial risk factors. Promising programs supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH 2010) program and the Division of Diabetes Translation are highlighted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Liburd, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lel1@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.013 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900004 PM 16389121 ER PT J AU Sundaram, AA Ayala, C Greenlund, KJ Keenan, NL AF Sundaram, AA Ayala, C Greenlund, KJ Keenan, NL TI Differences in the prevalence of self-reported risk factors for coronary heart disease among women by race/ethnicity and age - Behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION TRIALS; TELEPHONE SURVEY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; FACTOR PROFILE; EXPERT PANEL; POPULATION; VALIDITY; MORTALITY AB Background: Heart disease is the leading cause of death among American women. Data are lacking on the prevalence of specific risk factors among women of various ethnic groups. We examined data from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for prevalence of self-reported risk factors among women by race/ethnicity and age. Methods: The BRFSS is a state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of the civilian non-institutionalized U.S. population aged >= 18 years. In 2001, a total of 120,035 women reported whether (1) they had ever been told by a healthcare provider that they had high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes; (2) they smoked; and (3) they were physically inactive. Obesity status was determined by self-reported height and weight. Data were weighted to each state's population. Results: Among all women, 26.3% had high blood pressure, 23.2% had high cholesterol levels, 21.1% currently smoked, 6.8% had diabetes, 25.4% were obese, and 28.6% physically inactive. Age-adjusted prevalence of high blood pressure was highest among African Americans (AA) (36.3%) and Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders (HPI) (33.7%), and lowest among Asians (18.0%). High blood cholesterol was highest among HPI (23.9%) and white (22.3%) women. American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) had the highest percentages of diabetes (12.7%) and current smoking (32.4%). Obesity was highest among AA (38.4%) and AI/AN (31.9%) women and lowest among Asian (7.8%) women. Physical inactivity was most common among Hispanic women (42.4%), and least common among Asian women (23.3%). Thirty-eight percent of women had two or more risk factors, ranging from 20.1% of Asian women to 48.8% of AA women. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of American women have two or more risk factors for heart disease, and the prevalence of individual risk factors varies by racial/ethnic background. Aggressive efforts to reduce and control risk factors, including population-specific programs, are crucial for limiting the incidence of heart disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sundaram, AA (reprint author), 700 Pk Regency Pl NE,Suite 602, Atlanta, GA 30326 USA. EM DrSundaram@medscape.com NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.027 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900005 PM 16389122 ER PT J AU Ajani, UA Ford, ES Okoro, CA Strine, TW Giles, WH Mokdad, AH AF Ajani, UA Ford, ES Okoro, CA Strine, TW Giles, WH Mokdad, AH TI Low prevalence of influenza vaccination among people with cardiovascular disease - BRFSS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; REDUCED RISK; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; VALIDATION; REDUCTION; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIC; ADULTS; IMPACT AB Background: People with cardiovascular disease are at high risk of complication from influenza. However, little is known about influenza vaccine coverage among this population. Methods: Using 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, the authors studied the prevalence of influenza vaccination in the previous 12 months among participants aged >= 18 years with cardiovascular disease or hypertension. Results: After adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education, the prevalence of influenza vaccination ranged from 35.9% to 42.6%. The prevalence was particularly low among participants with cardiovascular disease aged 18-49 years (range, 23.9% to 42.2%). The prevalence of influenza vaccination varied considerably between states among people with hypertension (range, from 30.2% to 45.9%) and those with other cardiovascular diseases (range, from 37.0% to 51.5%). Conclusions: Influenza vaccination levels are low among people with cardiovascular disease, especially those less than 50 years old. They should be encouraged to receive an annual influenza vaccination to avoid cardiovascular complications from influenza. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ajani, UA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM uajani@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.014 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900006 PM 16389123 ER PT J AU Zheng, ZJ Croft, JB Giles, WH Mensah, GA AF Zheng, ZJ Croft, JB Giles, WH Mensah, GA TI Out-of-hospital cardiac deaths in adolescents and young adults in the United States, 1989 to 1998 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; TORSADES-DE-POINTES; SUDDEN-DEATH; CERTIFICATE DIAGNOSIS; NATURAL DEATH; RISK-FACTORS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; POPULATION; VALIDATION; CHILDHOOD AB Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac death (OHCD), often occurring suddenly and unexpectedly, is a major public health problem. The purpose of this study is to assess the epidemiologic pattern and secular trend of OHCD in adolescents and young adults aged 15-34 years in the United States. Methods: United States national vital statistics mortality data from 1989 to 1998 were analyzed. OHCD was defined as death that occurred either at a pre-transport location, or in the emergency room, or was classified as "dead on arrival" in the emergency room, with an underlying cause of death as a cardiac disease (ICD-9 codes 390-398, 402, 404-429, 745, or 746). Results: Of the 48,573 cardiac deaths occurring during 1989 to 1998, 31,827 (66%) were out of hospital. Of all OHCD victims from 1989 to 1998, 70% were men, and 76% were aged 25-34 years. The leading underlying causes of OHCD were coronary heart disease (29%), cardiomyopathy (18%), and arrhythmias (14%). The OHCD rates (per million population) were twice as high in men as in women (57.0 vs. 26.7 in 1997 and 1998), in African Americans as in whites (84.9 vs. 35.9 in 1997 and 1998), and increased with age. From 1989-1990 to 1997-1998, the age-adjusted OHCD death rates increased in both men (11%) and women (33%), and in African Americans (11%) and whites (19%). Conclusions: Although cardiac death remains rare in U.S. adolescents and young adults, the increased trend in OHCD rates in this age group warrants further investigation of etiology and prevention strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zheng, ZJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zzheng@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.011 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900007 PM 16389124 ER PT J AU Zheng, ZJ Rosamond, WD Chambless, LE Nieto, FJ Barnes, RW Hutchinson, RG Tyroler, HA Heiss, G AF Zheng, ZJ Rosamond, WD Chambless, LE Nieto, FJ Barnes, RW Hutchinson, RG Tyroler, HA Heiss, G CA ARIC Invest TI Lower extremity arterial disease assessed by ankle-brachial index in a middle-aged population of African Americans and whites - The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE INDEX; PERIPHERAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EDINBURGH ARTERY; UNITED-STATES; ELDERLY WOMEN; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; STROKE; MEN AB Background: Lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is one of the most common manifestations of atherosclerosis. Its epidemiologic characteristics have not been well described, particularly in African Americans. Our purpose was to estimate the prevalence of LEAD and its associations with cardiovascular risk factors in a biracial population of men and women aged 45 to 64 years. Methods: We examined 15,173 African-American and white men and women who participated in the baseline examination (1987-1989) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. LEAD was defined by a resting ankle-brachial index (ABI), the ratio of ankle systolic blood pressure to brachial systolic pressure, of <= 0.90. Cross-sectional analyses were used to determine the association of LEAD with cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of ABI <= 0.90 was 3.1% in African-American men, 4.4% in African-American women, 2.3% in white men, and 3.2% in white women. Cigarette smoking was the single most important risk factor for prevalent LEAD. The odds ratio estimate for LEAD in ever smokers versus never smokers was 6.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.0-21.5) in African-American men, 2.3 (95% CI=1.5-3.5) in African-American women, 10.4 (95% CI=3.8-28.3) in white men, and 1.9 (95% CI=1.4-2.6) in white women, after adjustment for age, LDL cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes. Prevalent LEAD was also associated with hypertension, diabetes, and higher concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and fibrinogen, and lower concentrations of HDL cholesterol, but the associations were not always significant across race/ethnic and gender groups. The associations of LEAD with plasma lipids were generally stronger in African Americans than whites. Conclusions: The prevalence of LEAD appears to be higher in African Americans than whites. Elevations in traditional cardiovascular risk factors are associated with a higher prevalence of LEAD across race/ethnic and gender groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Zheng, ZJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Mailsatop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zzheng@cdc.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-55022, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021] NR 36 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.019 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900008 PM 16389125 ER PT J AU Okoro, CA Balluz, LS Eke, PI Ajani, UA Strine, TW Town, M Mensah, GA Mokdad, AH AF Okoro, CA Balluz, LS Eke, PI Ajani, UA Strine, TW Town, M Mensah, GA Mokdad, AH TI Tooth loss and heart disease - Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE INFECTION; ADULTS 30 YEARS; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ORAL-HEALTH; VASCULAR-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI AB Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between tooth loss and heart disease. Methods: Data were analyzed from the 1999 to 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing telephone survey operated by state health agencies with assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The study was conducted based on 41,891 adults aged 40 to 79 years old in 22 states and the District of Columbia. Results: A significant association was observed between the extent of tooth loss and heart disease prevalence. After adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and marital status, respondents who had 1 to 5 missing teeth, 6 to 31 missing teeth, or were edentulous were significantly more likely than those without tooth loss to have heart disease (adjusted prevalence: 6.8%, 10.2%, and 11.5%, respectively, vs. 5.3%; p < 0.001). These associations persisted after further adjustment for smoking status, diabetes, alcohol consumption, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and body mass index (5.7%, 7.5%, and 8.5%, respectively, vs. 4.7%; p < 0.05); and after stratification by age group (40 to 59 years and 60 to 79 years) and smoking status (ever smoked and never smoked). Conclusions: Tooth loss is associated in a consistent and graded fashion with the self-reported prevalence of heart disease. Health promotion counseling should include the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease risk factors and the maintenance of good oral health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Okoro, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Cokoro@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.006 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900009 PM 16389126 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Giles, WH Mokdad, AH AF Ford, ES Giles, WH Mokdad, AH TI Family history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease and C-reactive protein concentration - Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPLICATIONS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HEART-DISEASE; ACCURACY; MELLITUS; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PREVENTION; PREDICTOR; RELATIVES AB Background: Prospective studies have suggested that C-reactive protein concentration is associated with diabetes and coronary heart disease. The presence of a family history of diabetes or coronary heart disease is considered a risk factor for these conditions. Whether a family history of diabetes or coronary heart disease is associated with C-reactive protein concentration is uncertain. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000, a nationally representative survey of the U.S. population. Family histories of diabetes and coronary heart disease were self-reported. Results: In unadjusted analyses (n=3187), the geometric mean concentration of C-reactive protein was 1.7 mg/L, 1.9 mg/L, and 2.6 mg/L for participants with 0, 1, and >= 2 relatives with diabetes, respectively (p for linear trend < 0.001). After adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol concentration, body mass index, and alcohol intake, a family history of diabetes was not independently associated with C-reactive protein concentration (Wald chi-square p=0.228). Univariate and multivariate analyses of data on 3344 participants showed that a family history of coronary heart disease was not significantly associated with C-reactive protein concentration. Conclusions: Family histories of diabetes or coronary heart disease were not independently associated with C-reactive protein concentration, suggesting that the association between such family histories and diabetes and coronary heart disease are not explained by C-reactive protein concentration or perhaps by inflammation. Additional study of this subject is recommended, however. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.018 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900010 PM 16389127 ER PT J AU Ajani, UA Dunbar, SB Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Mensah, GA AF Ajani, UA Dunbar, SB Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Mensah, GA TI Sodium intake among people with normal and high blood pressure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DIETARY-SODIUM; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; WEIGHT-LOSS; HYPERTENSION; INTERVENTIONS; PREVENTION; REDUCTION; HEALTH; SALT AB Background: The American Heart Association recommends no more than 2400 mg of sodium intake per day for healthy adults. Healthy People 2010 goals are to increase the proportion of persons who consume 2400 mg or less of sodium daily. We examined daily sodium intake among people with and without high blood pressure. Methods: We used data for participants aged >= 20 years from the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Of 4011 participants included in this analysis, 1673 were identified as hypertensive by self report, with systolic blood pressure >= 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure >= 90 mm Hg. Dietary sodium intake was computed from foods and beverages consumed during the 24 hours prior to interview. Results: Mean sodium intake among participants with and without high blood pressure was 3330 mg/day and 3600 mg/day (geometric means, 2885 mg/day and 3146 mg/day), respectively. The difference between the two groups, using log-transformed sodium intake, was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, total caloric intake, physical activity, and body mass index resulted in a smaller but significant difference (2992 mg/day and 3089 mg/day, p < 0.05). No difference in sodium intake was observed by prescription medication use or advice to reduce sodium among hypertensive participants. Conclusions: Although participants with hypertension reported lower intake of dietary sodium than those with normal blood pressure, daily intake of sodium was much higher than the recommendations in both groups. Increased efforts are needed to reduce sodium intake to achieve Healthy People 2010 goals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ajani, UA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM uajani@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.008 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900011 PM 16389128 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA Brown, DW Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ AF Mensah, GA Brown, DW Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ TI Major coronary risk factors and death from coronary heart disease - Baseline and follow-up mortality health and nutrition examination data from the second national survey (NHANES II) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE-AGED MEN; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CARE PROFESSIONALS; PRIMARY PREVENTION; ARTERY-DISEASE; FACTOR PROFILE; TASK-FORCE; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; REDUCTION AB Background: Although the major risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) are well-established, intense efforts persist in the search for "novel" or "emerging" risk factors because of the notion that as many as half of CHD victims may not have the traditional risk factors. Objective: Compare prevalences of major risk factors among persons with fatal CHD in a nationally representative population sample. Methods: Baseline data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and 17-year follow-up mortality data were examined for 8,069 adults (3,701 men; 4,368 women) aged 30 to 75 years in 1976-1980. We calculated sex-specific prevalences of hypertension, elevated total cholesterol (>= 240 mg/dL), cigarette smoking, and the presence of at least one of these three major risk factors. The relative risk of death from CHD associated with the three major risk factors was calculated in sex-specific multivariable models adjusted for age, race, and education. Results: Overall, nearly 75% of US adults had at least one of the three major risk factors. Those who died of CHD, compared to those who did not die of CHD, had respectively, greater prevalences of hypertension (men: 48% vs. 38%; women: 76% vs. 33%). Similarly, persons who had fatal CHD were more likely to have elevated total cholesterol (men: 53% vs. 30%; women: 55% vs. 34%), although the finding was not statistically significant in women. Smoking prevalence was also greater among persons who died of CHD than those who did not for both men (64% vs. 40%) and women (43% vs. 33%). The proportion of persons with at least one of the three major risk factors was significantly (P <= 0.01) greater among those who died from CHD compared with those who did not (men: 92% vs. 74%; women: 98% vs. 70%). The risk of fatal CHD was 51% lower among men and 71% lower among women with none of the 3 risk factors compared to those with at least one. Had all three major risk factors not occurred, 64% of all CHD deaths among women and 45% of all CHD deaths among men could have been avoided. Conclusions: Nine out of ten US adults who died of CHD had at least one of the three major established risk factors. Thus, the notion that many CHD, victims do not have the traditional risk factors is a misconception. Policies and strategies that increase the prevalence of a low risk profile are needed, and aggressive efforts in the prevention and control of the major established risk factors remain the key to continued reductions in CHD mortality. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Mailstop K-40,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ghin8@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 42 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.ampre.2005.07.030 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900012 PM 16389129 ER PT J AU Valderrama, AL Dunbar, SB Mensah, GA AF Valderrama, AL Dunbar, SB Mensah, GA TI Atrial fibrillation - Public health implications SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; LOW COGNITIVE FUNCTION; RHYTHM-CONTROL; RISK-FACTORS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; ELECTRICAL CARDIOVERSION; VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION; CATHETER ABLATION; NATURAL-HISTORY AB Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in the United States, affecting 2.3 million Americans. AF is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and poor quality of life. AF and its treatments result in high healthcare resource use and costs. Objective: To develop a framework for public health action for the prevention, detection, and control of AF. Methods: A literature search was conducted via MEDLINE and CINAHL for the 1990-2004 period. Key words included atrial fibrillation, epidemiology, prevention, detection, treatment, and public health. Results: Published data predict a substantial increase in the prevalence of AF due to improved survival of people with coronary heart disease; increasing prevalence of hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes; and the aging of the American population. Low public awareness of AF and quality-of-care issues related to detection, control, and management are evident. Conclusions: Awareness, early detection and treatment, improved patient self-management, and attention by public health programs are essential to reduce the burden of AF. Partnerships among professional nursing and medical organizations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and patient advocacy groups represent another important approach to improving public health outcomes for AF. Hospitalizations for AF and controversies over optimal treatment strategies (e.g., rate vs rhythm control) underscore the need for both public health and applied research. C1 Emory Univ, Nell Hodgson Woodruff Sch Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Valderrama, AL (reprint author), 1520 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM avalder@emory.edu OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 78 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.021 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900013 PM 16389130 ER PT J AU Greenlund, KJ Denny, CH Mokdad, AH Watkins, N Croft, JB Mensah, GA AF Greenlund, KJ Denny, CH Mokdad, AH Watkins, N Croft, JB Mensah, GA TI Using behavioral risk factor surveillance data for heart disease and stroke prevention programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; SELF-REPORTED HYPERTENSION; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; UNITED-STATES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; PUBLIC RECOGNITION; US ADULTS; TRENDS; PREVALENCE AB An effective state heart disease and stroke prevention program must be able to monitor changes in heart disease and stroke risk factors of the state population. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a state-based telephone survey, has been an important source for monitoring health-related factors and evaluating the success of programs. The BRFSS currently includes modules on hypertension and cholesterol screening and awareness, cardiovascular disease preventive practices, and recognition of the signs and symptoms of heart attack and stroke as well as relevant modules on fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, tobacco use, and diabetes. Publication topics included monitoring risk factors and clinical services, assessing progress toward national goals, assessing health disparities, and health status and health-related quality of life issues. States have used the BRFSS data for monitoring health risks in the state, assessing state and national health objectives, determining and providing data for public health campaigns, providing information for legislative proposals, and providing information that helps to initiate collaboration. Major methodologic issues involve validating self-reported data against direct measurement and assessing the effects of changes in telecommunications. As Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) national heart disease and stroke prevention program and each state health department program develop, state and even local level data will become more important to measure the burden of disease and program impact. State heart disease and stroke prevention programs are encouraged to work closely with state BRFSS coordinators to obtain vital information to measure the burden of heart disease and stroke in their state and to be able to measure program impact on addressing the first and third leading causes of death in the U.S. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Greenlund, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM keg9@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 65 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.007 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900014 PM 16389131 ER PT J AU Croft, JB Dai, SF Lawton, L Greenlund, KJ Mensah, GA AF Croft, JB Dai, SF Lawton, L Greenlund, KJ Mensah, GA TI Using outcome measures to monitor the performance of the national heart disease and stroke prevention program - Current capabilities and future challenges SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB To determine the success of a state prevention program and to make timely and effective public health decisions, the program's outcomes must be monitored and evaluated. Twenty-one performance measures for the National Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Program have been developed from the Healthy People 2010 objectives for heart disease and stroke, from performance measures developed in response to the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), and from a fiscal year program announcement. We assessed the availability of state surveillance systems that could address these measures. Current state data were available for only six of the 16 Healthy People 2010 objectives, one of the two GPRA performance measures, and for all three of the surveillance-related measures recommended in the program announcements. If states are to meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives related to high blood pressure, cholesterol, and emergency care during a cardiac arrest, new surveillance resources will be required at both the national and state levels. These would include a national surveillance system of state registries of acute cardiac arrest care, as well as state health examination surveys. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Off Director,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Pr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Croft, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Off Director,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Pr, Mailstop K-47,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JCroft@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.012 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900015 PM 16389132 ER PT J AU Koffman, DMM Goetzel, RZ Anwuri, VV Shore, KK Orenstein, D LaPier, T AF Koffman, DMM Goetzel, RZ Anwuri, VV Shore, KK Orenstein, D LaPier, T TI Heart healthy and stroke free - Successful business strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; EDUCATION-PROGRAM GUIDELINES; LONG-TERM IMPACT; PROMOTION PROGRAM; RISK-FACTORS; WELLNESS PROGRAM; EMPLOYEE HEALTH; CHOLESTEROL REDUCTION; FINANCIAL IMPACT; JOHNSONS HEALTH AB Background: Heart disease and stroke, the principal components of cardiovascular disease (CVD), are the first and third leading causes of death in the United States. In 2002, employers representing 88 companies in the United States paid an average of $18,618 per employee for health and productivity-related costs. A sizable portion of these costs are related to CVD. Results: Employers can yield a $3 to $6 return on investment for each dollar invested over a 2 to 5 year period and improve employee cardiovascular health by investing in comprehensive worksite health-promotion programs, and by choosing health plans that provide adequate coverage and support for essential preventive services. The most effective interventions in worksites are those that provide sustained individual follow-up risk factor education and counseling and other interventions within the context of a comprehensive health-promotion program: (1) screening, health risk assessments, and referrals; (2) environmental supports for behavior change (e.g., access to healthy food choices); (3) financial and other incentives; and (4) corporate policies that support healthy lifestyles (e.g., tobacco-free policies). The most effective practices in healthcare settings include systems that use (1) standardized treatment and prevention protocols consistent with national guidelines, (2) multidisciplinary clinical care teams to deliver quality patient care, (3) clinics that specialize in treating/preventing risk factors, (4) physician and patient reminders, and (5) electronic medical records. Conclusions: Comprehensive worksite health-promotion programs, health plans that cover preventive benefits, and effective healthcare systems will have the greatest impact on heart disease and stroke and are likely to reduce employers' health and productivity-related costs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Policy Res & Medstat, Washington, DC USA. Amer Inst Res, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Koffman, DMM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dfm1@cdc.gov RI Goetzel, Ron/A-9670-2009 NR 95 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.017 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900019 ER PT J AU Dunbar, SB Mensah, GA Labarthe, DR AF Dunbar, SB Mensah, GA Labarthe, DR TI Building bridges - A partnership between professional nursing and the centers for disease control and prevention to reduce the burden of heart disease and stroke SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB The escalating burden of heart disease and stroke in the United States, coupled with the complexity of public health goals to prevent and control chronic diseases, warrant new strategies and partners. The 2.7 million nurses in the United States represent the nation's largest healthcare profession and, through their professional organizations, constitute a strategic partner for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Heart Disease and Stroke Programs. In addition, because heart disease and stroke rank first and third among leading causes of death in women in the United States, and 95% of nurses are women, nurses represent an important population to target with preventive cardiovascular health approaches. The authors describe a proposed CDC strategic partnership with professional nursing organizations, including goals aimed at improving the capacity of nurses as change agents in the area of heart disease and stroke, as well as promoting change among the change agents to reduce nurses' risk for cardiovascular disease. The primary goals of the partnership between key professional nursing organizations and the CDC Cardiovascular Health (CVH) Programs follow: (1) share information and develop effective communication; (2) link with key professional and community organizations; (3) assess capabilities and expertise that nursing organizations can add to CDC's internal and external partnerships, including the Public Health Action Plan; (4) explore possible linkages with the CDC-funded state-level heart disease and stroke prevention programs and emerging CDC stroke networks; (5) develop, disseminate, and apply evidence-based guidelines to improve outcomes of care; and (6) develop policy and environment strategies in work-site settings to prevent heart disease and stroke in women and among the membership of professional nursing organizations. The development and implementation of a CDC CVH Program Professional Nurse Partnership have strong potential for enhancing collaborative public health efforts to prevent heart disease and stroke, and to improve cardiovascular outcomes for hypertension, high cholesterol, myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure. C1 Emory Univ, Nell Hodgson Woodruff Sch Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dunbar, SB (reprint author), Emory Univ, Nell Hodgson Woodruff Sch Nursing, 1520 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM sbdunba@emory.edu OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 122 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.028 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900020 PM 16389137 ER PT J AU Brownstein, JN Bone, LR Dennison, CR Hill, MN Kim, MT Levine, DM AF Brownstein, JN Bone, LR Dennison, CR Hill, MN Kim, MT Levine, DM TI Community health workers as interventionists in the prevention and control of heart disease and stroke SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PRESSURE CONTROL; URBAN BLACK-MEN; HYPERTENSION CARE; INNER-CITY; FOLLOW-UP; MORTALITY; TRIAL; BARRIERS; PROGRAM; RATES AB A considerable body of research indicates that community health workers (CHWs) are effective in improving chronic disease care and health outcomes. Much of the focus of cardiovascular research involving CHWs has been on hypertension because of its high prevalence and because it is a major risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal diseases. Adding CHWs to the patient-provider team has a beneficial effect on the quality of care for populations most in need. CHWs have contributed to significant improvements in community members' access to and continuity of care and adherence to treatment for the control of hypertension. CHWs assume multiple roles, including patient and community education, patient counseling, monitoring patient health status, linking people with health and human services, and enhancing provider patient communication and adherence to care. Current recommendations for CHWs to be interventionists on healthcare teams and in community-based research increase opportunities for CHWs to play an important role in eliminating disparities in heart disease and stroke. Adequate translation of research into clinical practice remains a major challenge, however. Addressing this issue, which has national implications, will require sustainable funding; appropriate reimbursement; enhanced efforts to incorporate CHWs into healthcare teams; better utilization of their skills; improved CHW supervision, training, and career development; policy changes; and ongoing evaluation, including a reporting of costs. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Nursing, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Brownstein, JN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jnb1@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.ampre.2005.07.024 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900021 PM 16389138 ER PT J AU Narayan, KMV Mensah, GA Sorensen, S Cheng, YJ Vinicor, F Engelgau, MM Williamson, DF AF Narayan, KMV Mensah, GA Sorensen, S Cheng, YJ Vinicor, F Engelgau, MM Williamson, DF TI Combination pharmacotherapy for cardiovascular disease prevention - Threat or opportunity for public health? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS AB In a series of three papers in the British Medical,journal (June 28, 2003), Wald et al. proposed that the Polypill (TM) can reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease by 88%, and stroke by 80%, if taken by all people aged >= 55, as well as people of any age with existing cardiovascular disease or diabetes. We review the rationale and uniqueness behind this idea, identify the concerns and questions that need to be addressed, discuss whether this strategy is a threat or an opportunity for public health, and hope that this will stimulate further debate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Narayan, KMV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kav4@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 134 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.022 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900022 PM 16389139 ER PT J AU Perdue, WC Mensah, GA Goodman, RA Moulton, AD AF Perdue, WC Mensah, GA Goodman, RA Moulton, AD TI A legal framework for preventing cardiovascular diseases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH AB Cardiovascular diseases are major contributors to death, disability, disparities, and reduced quality of life in the United States. Successful prevention and control of these diseases requires a comprehensive approach applied across multiple public health settings and in all life stages. Individual lifestyle and behavior change, as well as the broader social, environmental, and policy changes that enable healthy lifestyles, are necessary. Legal strategies can be powerful tools in this endeavor. This review presents seven such strategies applicable at the federal, state, and local levels that can be employed by healthcare providers, public health practitioners, legislators, and other policymakers. They include direct regulation, economic incentives and disincentives, indirect regulation through private enforcement, government as information provider, government as direct provider of services, government as employer and landlord, and laws directed at other levels of government. These strategies may be accomplished through legislation or administrative changes in practices or procedures. Effective use of these strategies requires a broader understanding of the advantages and limitations of legal frameworks and the importance of tailoring strategies to local conditions and resources. Examples of key roles that health professionals can play in advancing such an understanding are presented. C1 Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Perdue, WC (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law, 600 New Jersey Ave, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM perdue@law.georgetown.edu OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.026 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900023 PM 16389140 ER PT J AU Labarthe, DR Biggers, A Goff, DC Houston, M AF Labarthe, DR Biggers, A Goff, DC Houston, M TI Translating a plan into action - A public health action plan to prevent heart disease and stroke SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A Public Health Action Plan to Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke charts a course for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and collaborating public health agencies, with all interested partners and the public at large, to help in promoting achievement of national goals for preventing heart disease and stroke over the next 2 decades-through 2020 and beyond. The Action Plan was released in April 2003 and includes 24 recommendations and 69 proposed action steps to be implemented now and in the years ahead. To set priorities for action and to define a limited set of concrete tasks for immediate implementation, a process was undertaken that included CDC and lead partners, the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association and Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, as well as the Action Plan Working Group and other members of the National Forum for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention. This report presents details of the methods used and discussion of this process and its outcome. The process was facilitated by Concept Systems, Inc. and began with refinement of proposed action steps to yield a final list of 75 items. Next, the Action Plan Working Group and the full National Forum membership were invited to rate each proposed action step as to its relation to the mission and capacity of the organization represented by each respondent. This process, with review and discussion of results by the Working Group in January 2004, identified a subset of 22 priority action steps. The National Forum then met in April 2004 to discuss these priorities and ultimately adopted eight concrete tasks for immediate implementation. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM abiggers@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.010 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900024 PM 16389141 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA Dietz, WH Harris, VB Henson, R Labarthe, DR Vinicor, F Wechsler, H AF Mensah, GA Dietz, WH Harris, VB Henson, R Labarthe, DR Vinicor, F Wechsler, H TI Prevention and control of coronary heart disease and stroke - Nomenclature for prevention approaches in public health - A statement for public health practice from the centers for disease control and prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GUIDE; ASSOCIATION; SCIENCE; UPDATE; PANEL AB Successful prevention and control of coronary heart disease and stroke requires extensive collaboration and strategic partnerships with many health and non-health-related organizations and agencies in the voluntary, public, and private sectors. To assure a common language and purpose and to facilitate communication in these multiple settings, a simplified classification of prevention levels for public health practice is essential. This statement proposes three levels of prevention (health promotion, primary prevention, and secondary prevention) as a guide for public health practice. This statement is also intended to inform the design, implementation, and evaluation of programs and research initiatives that address the prevention and control of coronary heart disease and stroke, and to enhance communication and dialogue among health professionals, policymakers, and the public. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-40,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ghm8@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 152 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.035 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900025 PM 16389142 ER PT J AU Lang, JE Benson, WF Anderson, LA AF Lang, JE Benson, WF Anderson, LA TI Aging and public health - Partnerships that can affect cardiovascular health programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; PROMOTION; DEATH AB Cardiovascular health programs face a growing and not often recognized challenge-the aging of the American population. During this century, all states will experience a dramatic rise in the number of older adults. By 2030, approximately 20% of Americans will be over the age of 65. This article describes the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among older adults, the public health and aging services networks, selected results and recommendations from the Aging States Project, and examples of ongoing aging activities relevant to cardiovascular health programs being promoted by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). State health departments (SHDs) and state units on aging (SUAs) bring different resources, approaches, and partners to address older adult health but many aspects are complementary. The aging services network is extensive, and in one form or another, can reach older adults in virtually every community in the country. Based on a survey of SHDs and SUAs, which was part of the Aging States Project, respondents identified cardiovascular disease as the most common health concern (57% of SHDs and 55% of SUAs). However, fewer than half of those responding reported having cardiovascular health programs directed at older adults (37% of SHDs and 40% of SUAs). Initial activities are described in the arenas of strategic partnerships, data for action, and capacity building based on recommendations from the survey findings. These examples are provided as potential models for current and future state cardiovascular health programs wanting to enhance their reach to older adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hlth Benefits ABCs, Silver Spring, MD USA. Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Lang, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlang@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 1 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.009 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PC UT WOS:000234400900026 PM 16389143 ER PT J AU Carmona, RH AF Carmona, RH TI Health professional training in youth violence prevention - A commentary be the surgeon general SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DATING VIOLENCE; MALTREATMENT; ADOLESCENCE; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Carmona, RH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 2939 Flowers Rd, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM zzp3@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 2 BP 173 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.018 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PD UT WOS:000234401000001 PM 16376712 ER PT J AU Sege, RD Hoffman, JS AF Sege, RD Hoffman, JS TI Training health professionals in youth violence prevention - Overview of extant efforts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORPORAL PUNISHMENT; INTENTIONAL INJURY; MALTREATMENT; ADOLESCENCE; TELEVISION; CHILDREN; RISK; SURVEILLANCE; COMMUNITY; ASSAULT C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sege, RD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, NEMC Box 351,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM rsege@tufts-nemc.org OI Sege, Robert/0000-0003-1260-4787 NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 2 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.ampere.2005.08.031 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PD UT WOS:000234401000002 PM 16376713 ER PT J AU Hertz, MF Prothrow-Stith, D Chery, C AF Hertz, MF Prothrow-Stith, D Chery, C TI Homicide survivors - Research and practice implications SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FAMILY-MEMBERS; INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE; HEALTH IMPACT; VICTIMS; PTSD AB Approximately 16.4 million people in the United States have been affected by homicide. Five million adults have experienced the murder of an immediate family member; 6.6 million people have experienced the murder of a relative other than a family member, and 4.8 million have experienced the murder of a close friend. These homicide survivors experience a variety of difficulties, some similar to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The large incidence of homicide in the U.S. warrants an examination of the research on the impact of a murder on a victim's friends and family and the implications for healthcare providers. Homicide survivors experience negative psychological and physical effects that often result in an increase in the usage of primary care services. Provider training should include protocols to screen for, discuss, and make referrals for the family and friends of homicide victims. This article recommends the development of a training program to equip providers with the tools to recognize and serve this growing population of patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Practice, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Louis D Brown Peace Inst, Dorchester, MA USA. RP Hertz, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mvf4@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 SU 2 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.027 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 999PD UT WOS:000234401000021 PM 16376732 ER PT J AU Kuo, S Fleming, BB Gittings, NS Han, LF Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Roman, SH AF Kuo, S Fleming, BB Gittings, NS Han, LF Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Roman, SH TI Trends in care practices and outcomes among medicare beneficiaries with diabetes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MANAGED CARE; US; QUALITY; HEALTH; EXPENDITURES; ANGIOPLASTY; MORTALITY; MELLITUS; ADULTS; BARI AB Background: While diabetes is a major issue for the aging U.S. population, few studies have described the recent trends in both preventive care practices and complications among the Medicare population with diabetes. Using the Medicare Quality Monitoring System (MQMS), this 2004 study describes these trends from 1992 to 2001 and how these rates vary across demographic subgroups. Methods: Outcomes include age- and gender-adjusted rates of 15 indicators associated with diabetes care from 1992 to 2001, the absolute change in rates from 1992 to 2001, and 2001 rates by demographic subgroups. The data were cross-sectional samples of Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes from 1992 to 2001 from the Medicare 5% Standard Analytic Files. Results: Use of preventive care practices rose from 1992 to 2001: 45 percentage points for HbA1c tests, 51 for lipid tests, 8 for eye exams, and 38 for self-monitoring of glucose levels (all p < 0.05). Rates for short-term and some long-term complications of diabetes (e.g., lower-extremity amputations and cardiovascular conditions) fell from 1992 to 2001 (p < 0.05). However, rates of other long-term complications such as nephropathy, blindness, and retinopathy rose during the period (p < 0.05). Nonwhites and beneficiaries aged < 65 and > 85 exhibited consistently higher complication rates and lower use of preventive services. Conclusions: The Medicare program has seen some significant improvement in preventive care practices and significant declines in lower-limb amputations and cardiovascular conditions. However, rates for other long-term complications have increased, with evidence of subgroup disparities. The MQMS results provide an early warning for policymakers to focus on the diabetes care provided to some vulnerable subgroups. C1 Brown Univ, Ctr Gerontol & Hlth Care Res, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Vet Hlth Adm, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Med & Med Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kuo, S (reprint author), Brown Univ, Ctr Gerontol & Hlth Care Res, Box G-ST210, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Sylvia_Kuo@brown.edu NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 396 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.010 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 997VE UT WOS:000234276100003 PM 16376702 ER PT J AU Lees, KA Wortley, PM Coughlin, SS AF Lees, KA Wortley, PM Coughlin, SS TI Comparison of racial/ethnic disparities in adult immunization and cancer screening SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INCOME URBAN-POPULATION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; SELF-REPORT; INFLUENZA IMMUNIZATION; ELDERLY OUTPATIENTS; HEALTH-CARE; INNER-CITY; MAMMOGRAPHY; VACCINATION; WOMEN AB Background: Racial/ethnic disparities in adult influenza and pneumococcal vaccination are marked and poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to contrast these disparities with disparities in other clinical preventive services-mammography and colorectal cancer screening-that are targeted to older populations. Methods: Data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed in 2004 to determine to what degree race/ethnicity remains a predictor of the receipt of each service after adjusting for personal and health characteristics, socioeconomic status (SES), and access to and utilization of care variables. Results: Blacks and Hispanics were significantly less likely to report receipt of nearly all preventive services examined. Among whites, 57%, 67%, 67%, and 40% reported pneumococcal vaccination, influenza vaccination, mammography, and colorectal cancer screening, respectively. Among blacks, those proportions were 31%, 48%, 60% and 33%, respectively; among English-speaking Hispanics, 35%, 60%, 60%, and 30%, respectively; and among Spanish-speaking Hispanics, 24%, 49%, 52%, and 19%, respectively. After adjusting for personal and health characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and measures of access to and utilization of care, blacks and English- and Spanish-speaking Hispanics remained significantly less likely than whites to report the receipt of pneumococcal vaccination; blacks remained significantly less likely to report influenza vaccination than whites; and Spanish-speaking Hispanics remained significantly less to report colorectal cancer screening than whites. Conclusions: Most racial/ethnic disparities seen in breast and colorectal cancer screening are explained by differences in SES. In contrast, racial/ethnic disparities in adult immunization persist, and especially for pneumococcal vaccination, suggesting that different barriers may be involved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lees, KA (reprint author), 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 3332,MS P-08, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM KLees@cclc.gov NR 44 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 404 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.009 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 997VE UT WOS:000234276100004 PM 16376703 ER PT J AU Singleton, JA Santibanez, TA Wortley, PM AF Singleton, JA Santibanez, TA Wortley, PM TI Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination of adults aged >= 65: Racial/ethnic differences SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS; NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; ADVERSE REACTIONS; PATIENT; BARRIERS; RATES AB Background: Influenza and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination (PPV) rates among persons aged >= 65 years are significantly below national objectives of 90%, particularly among blacks and Hispanics. This study of the 2002-2003 influenza season examines factors that may be associated with low coverage. Methods: A national sample of 1839 community-dwelling adults aged >= 65 years was surveyed by telephone during January-May 2003. Outcomes analyzed in 2004-2005 included self-reported influenza vaccination and PPV; place of vaccination; and among the unvaccinated, main reasons for nonvaccination, awareness of vaccination, and receipt of provider recommendation for vaccination. Results: Influenza vaccine coverage was 67.8%, and PPV coverage was 60%. Coverage among blacks and Hispanics was >= 15 percentage points below that of whites. Half (52%) of persons who had not received PPV were aware it was recommended for persons their age, and < 10% had received a recent physician recommendation for PPV. Concern about side effects and not thinking that they needed the vaccine were the most frequently cited reasons for not receiving an influenza vaccination. In each racial/ethnic group, prevalence of potential missed opportunities (recent doctor visit, but no vaccine recommendation from provider and no influenza vaccination) was higher than prevalence of potential vaccine refusal (recent doctor visit and vaccine recommendation from provider, but no vaccine): blacks, 26.9% versus 7.9%; Hispanics, 19.9% versus 12.1%; and white non-Hispanics, 16.2% versus 6.1%. Conclusions: Improved adherence to vaccination guidelines by healthcare providers could substantially raise coverage in all racial/ethnic groups. Multiple factors contribute to racial/ethnic disparities, and their relative contributions should be further quantified. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Singleton, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM xzs8@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 412 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.012 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 997VE UT WOS:000234276100005 PM 16376704 ER PT J AU Darling, NJ Barker, LE Shefer, AM Chu, SY AF Darling, NJ Barker, LE Shefer, AM Chu, SY TI Immunization coverage among Hispanic ancestry, 2003 National Immunization Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION-COVERAGE; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; ACCULTURATION AB Background: The Hispanic population is increasing and heterogeneous (Hispanic refers to persons of Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino descent). The objective was to examine immunization rates among Hispanic ancestry for the 4:3:1:3:3 series (>= 4 doses diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and pertussis vaccine; >= 3 doses poliovirus vaccine; >= 1 doses measles-containing vaccine; >= 3 doses Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; and >= 3 doses hepatitis B vaccine). Methods: The National Immunization Survey measures immunization coverage among 19- to 35-month-old U.S. children. Coverage was compared from combined 2001-2003 data among Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites using t-tests, and among Hispanic ancestry using a chi-square test. Hispanics were categorized as Mexican, Mexican American, Central American South American, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Spanish Caribbean (primarily Dominican Republic), other, and multiple ancestry. Results: Children of Hispanic ancestry increased from 21% in 1999 to 25% in 2003. These Hispanic children were less well itnrnunized than non-Hispanic whites (77.0%, +/- 2.1% [95% confidence interval] compared to 82.5%, +/- 1.1% (95% CI) > in 2003). Immunization coverage did not vary significantly among Hispanics of varying ancestries (p =0.26); however, there was substantial geographic variability. In some areas, immunization coverage among Hispanics was significantly higher than non-Hispanic whites. Conclusions: Hispanic children were less well immunized than non-Hispanic whites; however, coverage varied notably by geographic area. Although a chi-square test found no significant differences in coverage among Hispanic ancestries, the range of coverage, 79.2%, +/- 5.1% for Cuban Americans to 72.1%, +/- 2.4% for Mexican descent, may suggest a need for improved and more localized monitoring among Hispanic communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Darling, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Buford Highway,NE,MS E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nhuet@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.004 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 997VE UT WOS:000234276100006 PM 16376705 ER PT J AU Rao, JK Alongi, J Anderson, LA Jenkins, L Stokes, GA Kane, M AF Rao, JK Alongi, J Anderson, LA Jenkins, L Stokes, GA Kane, M TI Development of public health priorities for end-of-life initiatives SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CARE; ILLNESS; PERSPECTIVES; FAMILIES; DELPHI AB Objective: Recently, end-of-life (EOL) issues have captured the attention of the public health community. This study reports a project to help state health departments better understand their potential role in addressing EOL issues and develop initial priorities for EOL activities. Methods: The project involved two studies. Study 1 (October 2002 to September 2003) involved a concept mapping process to solicit and organize recommendations from key stakeholders. Concept mapping integrates qualitative group processes with multivariate statistical analysis to represent the ideas of stakeholders visually through reaps. A key-informant approach was used to identify stakeholder participants with expertise in aging, cancer, public health, and EOL. In two meetings, stakeholders used the maps to develop short-, intermediate-, and long-term recommendations for EOL initiatives. Study 2 (October 2003 to September 2004) involved a modified Delphi process with three iterations to prioritize recommendations for initial action from among a group of short-term recommendations. Results: Study 1 resulted in 103 recommendations for EOL initiatives across nine domains. Study 2 resulted in consensus on five initial recommendations from three domains: identifying an EOL point of contact in state health departments, collecting and analyzing data about EOL, incorporating EOL principles into state comprehensive cancer control plans, educating the public about hospice and palliative care, and educating the public about the importance of advance directives. Conclusions: Diverse perspectives of key public health stakeholders resulted in a series of short- and longer-term recommendations for EOL action. These recommendations can guide future efforts by state health departments and other public health agencies to address EOL issues. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Territorial Chron Dis Program Direc, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Concept Syst Inc, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Rao, JK (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS K-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jrao@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.014 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 997VE UT WOS:000234276100011 PM 16376710 ER PT J AU Heinrichs, M Wagner, D Schoch, W Soravia, LM Hellhammer, DH Ehlert, U AF Heinrichs, M Wagner, D Schoch, W Soravia, LM Hellhammer, DH Ehlert, U TI Predicting posttraumatic stress symptoms from pretraumatic risk factors: A 2-year prospective follow-up study in firefighters SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Traumatic Stress CY 2003 CL Berlin, GERMANY ID NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY; URINARY CORTISOL EXCRETION; TORONTO-ALEXITHYMIA-SCALE; MOTOR-VEHICLE ACCIDENTS; VIETNAM VETERANS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SALIVARY CORTISOL; PTSD SYMPTOMS; SELF-EFFICACY; COMBAT VETERANS AB Objective: Most studies focusing on risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have used retrospective study designs. Only a small number of studies have prospectively examined risk factors in the immediate aftermath of trauma exposure in predicting PTSD symptoms. The purpose of this study was to identify predictive risk factors for posttraumatic stress symptoms and comorbid psychopathological symptoms present during the time before exposure to traumatic stress in a high-risk population. Method: Forty-three professional firefighters were assessed immediately after basic training ( baseline) and at 6, 9, 12, and 24 months after entry into firefighter service. Subjects were screened for psychopathological symptoms, including symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Subjects were also characterized with regard to personality traits such as self-efficacy, hostility, and alexithymia. Neuroendocrine activity was assessed by examination of awakening and diurnal salivary cortisol profiles and 24-hour urinary catecholamine excretion. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze posttraumatic stress symptoms at 24-month follow-up as a function of pretraumatic characteristics. Results: A high level of hostility and a low level of self-efficacy at baseline accounted for 42% of the variance in posttraumatic stress symptoms after 2 years. Subjects who had both risk factors at baseline showed a significant increase in measures of PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety, general psychological morbidity, global symptom severity, and alexithymia during the 2-year period. Biological characteristics were not predictive of the development of psychopathological symptoms. Conclusions: These results suggest that specific personality traits may constitute markers of vulnerability to the development of psychopathological symptoms after trauma exposure. Early identification of preexisting risk factors is needed to provide effective prevention and intervention for individuals who are at risk of developing trauma-related disorders. C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Psychol, Dept Clin Psychol & Psychotherapy, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Trier, Dept Psychobiol, Trier, Germany. RP Heinrichs, M (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Psychol, Dept Clin Psychol & Psychotherapy, Zurichbergstr 43, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. EM m.heinrichs@psychologie.unizh.ch RI Hellhammer, Dirk/F-1888-2013; CPRD, CPRD/B-9594-2017 NR 96 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 162 IS 12 BP 2276 EP 2286 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2276 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 990OX UT WOS:000233754200010 PM 16330591 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, IM Williams, K Tyagi, S Vernon, AA Peloquin, CA Bishai, WR Grosset, JH Nuermberger, EL AF Rosenthal, IM Williams, K Tyagi, S Vernon, AA Peloquin, CA Bishai, WR Grosset, JH Nuermberger, EL TI Weekly moxifloxacin and rifapentine is more active than the Denver regimen in murine tuberculosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; intermittent therapy; mouse; treatment ID ONCE-WEEKLY RIFAPENTINE; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CONTINUATION PHASE; PHARMACOKINETICS; RIFAMPIN; THERAPY; MICE; RIFABUTIN; RELAPSE; TWICE AB Rationale: Treatment of tuberculosis with an efficacious once-weekly regimen would be a significant achievement in improving patient adherence. Currently, the only recommended once-weekly continuation phase regimen of isoniazid plus rifapentine (10 mg/kg) is inferior to standard twice-weekly therapy with isoniazid plus rifampin and is, therefore, restricted to non-high-risk patients. The substitution of moxifloxacin, a new 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone, for isoniazid and an increase in the dose of rifapentine could augment the activity of once-weekly regimens. Methods: To test this hypothesis we evaluated the sterilizing activity of improved once-weekly rifapentine-based continuation phase regimens in a murine model that mimics the treatment of high-risk patients with tuberculosis. The bactericidal activity of standard daily therapy and standard intermittent therapy ("Denver" regimen) was also assessed to evaluate the effect of intermittent drug administration during the initial phase of therapy. Results: After 2 mo of treatment, lung colony-forming unit counts were 1 log(10) lower in mice treated with standard daily therapy than with the Denver regimen. During the continuation phase, the sterilizing activity of once-weekly moxifloxacin plus rifapentine (15 mg/kg) was significantly greater than that of the predominantly twice-weekly Denver regimen of isoniazid plus rifampin. No significant difference in sterilizing activity was detected between once-weekly isoniazid plus rifapentine (15 mg/kg) and the Denver regimen. Conclusions: These results suggest that the efficacy of the once-weekly isoniazid plus rifapentine continuation phase regimen can be increased by substituting moxifloxacin for isoniazid and by increasing the dose of rifapentine to a clinically acceptable level of 15 mg/kg. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Ctr TB Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Infect Dis Pharmacokinet Lab, Denver, CO USA. RP Nuermberger, EL (reprint author), 1503 E Jefferson St, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. EM enuermb@jhmi.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43846, AI40007, AI58993] NR 26 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 172 IS 11 BP 1457 EP 1462 DI 10.1164/rccm.200507-1072OC PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 989TR UT WOS:000233697300018 PM 16141439 ER PT J AU Harris, E Hammond, SN Kuan, G Rocha, C Aviles, W NunEz, A Waterman, S Gonzalez, A Amador, JJ Balmaseda, A AF Harris, Eva Hammond, Samantha N. Kuan, Guillermina Rocha, Crisanta Aviles, William Nunez, Andrea Waterman, Stephen Gonzalez, Alcides Amador, Juan Jose Balmaseda, Angel TI Pediatric cohort study of dengue transmission in Nicaragua SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Harris, Eva; Hammond, Samantha N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuan, Guillermina; Aviles, William] Ctr Salud Socrates Flores Vivas, Managua, Nicaragua. [Rocha, Crisanta] Hosp Infantil Manuel Jesus Rivera, Managua, Nicaragua. [Nunez, Andrea; Gonzalez, Alcides; Balmaseda, Angel] Minist Salud, Ctr Nacl Diagnost & Referencia, Dept Virol, Managua, Nicaragua. [Waterman, Stephen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. [Amador, Juan Jose] Minist Salud, Direcc Salud Ambiental & Epidemiol, Managua, Nicaragua. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 8 BP 2 EP 3 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000009 ER PT J AU Hamel, MJ Bloland, PB Escalante, A Greene, C Chiller, T Shi, YP Ouma, P Otieno, K Poe, A Zhou, Z Goldman, I Vulules, J Williamson, J Udhayakumar, V Slutsker, L AF Hamel, Mary J. Bloland, Peter B. Escalante, Ananias Greene, Carolyn Chiller, Tom Shi, Ya Ping Ouma, Peter Otieno, Kephas Poe, Amanda Zhou, Zhiyong Goldman, Ira Vulules, John Williamson, John Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Slutsker, Laurence TI Does daily cotrimoxazole promote the selection of Plasmodium falicparum dyhydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and dyhydropteroate synthase (DHPS) mutations? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hamel, Mary J.; Ouma, Peter; Otieno, Kephas; Slutsker, Laurence] KEMRI Res Stn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. [Bloland, Peter B.; Greene, Carolyn; Chiller, Tom; Shi, Ya Ping; Poe, Amanda; Zhou, Zhiyong; Goldman, Ira; Williamson, John; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Escalante, Ananias] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Vulules, John] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 17 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000018 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Marcet, PL Graham, DH Dahl, ER Dubey, JP AF Lehmann, Tovi Marcet, Paula L. Graham, Douglas H. Dahl, Erica R. Dubey, J. P. TI Worldwide population structure of Toxoplasma gondii SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lehmann, Tovi] NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Marcet, Paula L.; Graham, Douglas H.; Dahl, Erica R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DPD, Chamblee, GA USA. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 25 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000026 ER PT J AU Padilla, NR Cordon-Rosales, C Williamson, J Klein, R AF Padilla, Norma R. Cordon-Rosales, C. Williamson, J. Klein, R. TI What is the potential of insecticide treated nets for malaria control in latin America? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Padilla, Norma R.; Cordon-Rosales, C.; Klein, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CES, MERTU G, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Williamson, J.] Ctr Dis Control, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 37 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000038 ER PT J AU Amann, J Arana, B Punkoscly, G Klein, R Blanco, C Lopez, B Mendoza, C Eberhard, M Dominguez, A Maguire, JH Richards, FO AF Amann, Josef Arana, Byron Punkoscly, George Klein, Robert Blanco, Carlos Lopez, Beatriz Mendoza, Carlos Eberhard, Mark Dominguez, Alfredo Maguire, James H. Richards, Frank O. TI A short course of rifampin and/or azithromycin does not eradicate Wolbachia from Onchocerca volvulus in Guatemala SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Arana, Byron; Klein, Robert; Lopez, Beatriz; Mendoza, Carlos] Univ Valle Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Amann, Josef; Punkoscly, George; Eberhard, Mark; Maguire, James H.; Richards, Frank O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Blanco, Carlos] Minist Hlth, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Dominguez, Alfredo] OEPA, Guatemala City, Guatemala. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 44 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000045 ER PT J AU Reynolds, M Yorita, K Kuehnert, M Davidson, W Huhn, G Holman, R Damon, I AF Reynolds, Mary Yorita, Krista Kuehnert, Matthew Davidson, Whitni Huhn, Gregory Holman, Robert Damon, Inger TI Clinical manifestations of human monkeypox influenced by route of infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reynolds, Mary; Yorita, Krista; Kuehnert, Matthew; Davidson, Whitni; Holman, Robert; Damon, Inger] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Huhn, Gregory] Rush Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 43 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000044 ER PT J AU McNamara, DT Kasehagen, LJ Grimberg, BT Cole-Tobian, J Collins, WE Zimmerman, PA AF McNamara, David T. Kasehagen, Laurin J. Grimberg, Brian T. Cole-Tobian, Jennifer Collins, William E. Zimmerman, Peter A. TI Diagnosing infection levels of four human malaria parasite species by a PCR/LDR fluorescent microsphere-based assay SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McNamara, David T.; Kasehagen, Laurin J.; Grimberg, Brian T.; Cole-Tobian, Jennifer; Zimmerman, Peter A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Collins, William E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 59 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000060 ER PT J AU Hice, CL Shield, TM Glass, GE Mills, JN Yates, TL AF Hice, Christine L. Shield, Timothy M. Glass, Greg E. Mills, James N. Yates, Terry L. TI A predictive model for identifying persistent populations of Peromyscus maniculatus infected with Sin Nombre virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hice, Christine L.; Yates, Terry L.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Shield, Timothy M.; Glass, Greg E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mills, James N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 72 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000073 ER PT J AU Levy, MZ Bowman, N Kawai, V Waller, L Cordova, E del Carpio, JC Gilman, R Bern, C AF Levy, Michael Z. Bowman, Natalie Kawai, Vivian Waller, Lance Cordova, Eleazer del Carpio, Juan Cornejo Gilman, Robert Bern, Caryn TI The epidemiology of the chagas disease vector, triatoma infestans, in a periurban community, arequipa, Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Levy, Michael Z.; Bern, Caryn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bowman, Natalie; Kawai, Vivian; Gilman, Robert] AB PRISMA, Lima, Peru. [Waller, Lance] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Cordova, Eleazer] San Agustin Natl Univ, Arequipa, Peru. [del Carpio, Juan Cornejo] Minist Hlth, Arequipa Reg Off Peruvian, Arequipa, Peru. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 77 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000078 ER PT J AU Williamson, J Haque, R Kurkjian, K Amann, J Chowdhury, R Ali, M Vaz, L Cetre-Sossah, C Hightower, A Wagatsuma, Y Breiman, R Maguire, J Secor, E AF Williamson, John Haque, Rashidul Kurkjian, Katie Amann, Josef Chowdhury, Rajib Ali, Mustakim Vaz, Louise Cetre-Sossah, Catherine Hightower, Allen Wagatsuma, Yukiko Breiman, Robert Maguire, James Secor, Evan TI Asymptomatic leishmanial infection and kalaazar in a Bangladeshi community SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Haque, Rashidul; Chowdhury, Rajib; Ali, Mustakim; Wagatsuma, Yukiko] ICDDRB, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Williamson, John; Haque, Rashidul; Kurkjian, Katie; Amann, Josef; Vaz, Louise; Cetre-Sossah, Catherine; Hightower, Allen; Breiman, Robert; Maguire, James; Secor, Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 76 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000077 ER PT J AU Saklapov, E Geldiev, B Babayeva, O Schantz, P AF Saklapov, Esen Geldiev, Batyr Babayeva, Oguljahan Schantz, Peter TI Diagnosis and surgical treatment of cystic echinococcosis in children in Turkmenistan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Saklapov, Esen; Geldiev, Batyr; Babayeva, Oguljahan] Turkmen Natl Med Inst, Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan. [Schantz, Peter] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 86 BP 29 EP 30 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000087 ER PT J AU Saklapov, E Geldiev, B Babayeva, O Schantz, P AF Saklapov, Esen Geldiev, Batyr Babayeva, Ogujahan Schantz, Peter TI "Watch and Wait" as an alternative "Treatment" for active and transitional echinococcal cysts: Single center experience SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Saklapov, Esen; Geldiev, Batyr; Babayeva, Ogujahan] Turkmen Natl Med Inst, Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan. [Schantz, Peter] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 85 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000086 ER PT J AU Watanabe, K Mwinzi, PN Steele, LN Karanja, DM Secor, WE Colley, DG AF Watanabe, Kanji Mwinzi, Pauline N. Steele, Lisa N. Karanja, Diana M. Secor, W. Evan Colley, Daniel G. TI Peripheral blood levels of CD3(+)/CD4(+)/CD25(hi) T regulatory cells in human schistosomiasis mansoni SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Watanabe, Kanji; Colley, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Mwinzi, Pauline N.; Karanja, Diana M.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [Steele, Lisa N.; Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 96 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000097 ER PT J AU Villaran, MV Montano, SM Bautista, CT Gonzalvez, G Moyano, LM Rodriguez, S Gonzalez, AE Figueroa, JJ Tsang, VC Gilman, RH Garcia, HH AF Villaran, Manuel V. Montano, Silvia M. Bautista, Christian T. Gonzalvez, Guillermo Moyano, Luz Maria Rodriguez, Silvia Gonzalez, Armando E. Figueroa, Juan J. Tsang, Victor C. Gilman, Robert H. Garcia, Hector H. TI Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis: An incidence study in a peruvian rural population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Villaran, Manuel V.; Gonzalvez, Guillermo; Moyano, Luz Maria; Rodriguez, Silvia; Figueroa, Juan J.; Garcia, Hector H.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Montano, Silvia M.] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Bautista, Christian T.] US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Bautista, Christian T.] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. [Gonzalez, Armando E.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. [Tsang, Victor C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Immunol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gilman, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 117 BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000118 ER PT J AU Alarco, U Romero, JR Gonzalez, AE Garcia, HH Gilman, RH Llanos, F Tsang, VC AF Alarco, Ursula Romero, Jaime R. Gonzalez, Armando E. Garcia, Hector H. Gilman, Robert H. Llanos, Fernando Tsang, Victor C. CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Qualitative stakeholder analysis to appraise the institutional context of the elimination program of cysticercosis in Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alarco, Ursula; Gonzalez, Armando E.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. [Romero, Jaime R.; Garcia, Hector H.; Gilman, Robert H.; Llanos, Fernando; Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Tsang, Victor C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 118 BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000119 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, S Pretell, J Silva, M Martinez, M Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW Harrisons, LJS Parkhouse, RME Garcia, HH AF Rodriguez, Silvia Pretell, Javier Silva, Maria Martinez, Manuel Gonzalez, Armando E. Gilman, Robert H. Tsang, V. C. W. Harrisons, L. J. S. Parkhouse, R. M. E. Garcia, Hector H. CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Neurocysticercosis: Antigen and antibody diagnosis in serum and cerebrospinal fluid SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rodriguez, Silvia; Pretell, Javier; Martinez, Manuel; Garcia, Hector H.] Inst Especializado & Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima, Peru. [Silva, Maria; Gonzalez, Armando E.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. [Gilman, Robert H.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. [Tsang, V. C. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Harrisons, L. J. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Trop Vet Med, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Parkhouse, R. M. E.] Gulbenkian Inst Sci, Oeiras, Portugal. [Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 119 BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000120 ER PT J AU Zamora, H Castillo, Y Garcia, HH Pretell, J Rodriguez, S Dorny, P Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Tsang, VW Brandt, J AF Zamora, Humberto Castillo, Yesenia Garcia, Hector H. Pretell, Javier Rodriguez, Silvia Dorny, Pierre Gonzalez, Armando E. Gilman, Robert H. Tsang, Victor W. Brandt, Jef CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Drop in antigen levels following successful treatment of subarachnoid neurocysticercosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zamora, Humberto; Castillo, Yesenia; Garcia, Hector H.; Pretell, Javier; Rodriguez, Silvia; Gilman, Robert H.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. [Dorny, Pierre; Brandt, Jef] Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Gonzalez, Armando E.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. [Tsang, Victor W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 120 BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000121 ER PT J AU Smith, SC AF Smith, Stephen C. TI Portable, nondestructive measurement of deltamethrin on bednets using x-ray fluorescence spectrometry SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smith, Stephen C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 149 BP 50 EP 50 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000150 ER PT J AU Uhde, KB Chang, MA Oda, G Rosen, JI Holodniy, M Cody, S Ari, MDB Bragg, SL Fischer, M Clark, TA AF Uhde, Kristin B. Chang, Michelle A. Oda, Gina Rosen, Judith I. Holodniy, Mark Cody, Sara Ari, Mary D. Bajani Bragg, Sandra L. Fischer, Marc Clark, Thomas A. TI Laboratory-acquired brucellosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Uhde, Kristin B.; Chang, Michelle A.; Ari, Mary D. Bajani; Bragg, Sandra L.; Fischer, Marc; Clark, Thomas A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Oda, Gina; Rosen, Judith I.; Holodniy, Mark] VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Cody, Sara] Santa Clara Cty Hlth Dept, Palo Alto, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 163 BP 54 EP 55 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000164 ER PT J AU LaRocque, RC Breiman, RF Aw, MD Morey, RE Janan, FA Hayes, JM Hossain, MA Brooks, WA Levett, PN AF LaRocque, Regina C. Breiman, Robert F. Aw, Mary D. Morey, Roger E. Janan, Firdous Ara Hayes, John Mosely Hossain, M. Anowar Brooks, W. Abdullah Levett, Paul N. TI Leptospirosis as a cause of febrile illness during an outbreak of dengue fever in Bangladesh SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [LaRocque, Regina C.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Breiman, Robert F.; Brooks, W. Abdullah] ICDDR B, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Aw, Mary D.; Morey, Roger E.; Levett, Paul N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Janan, Firdous Ara] Dhaka Med Coll Hosp, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Hayes, John Mosely] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 167 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000168 ER PT J AU Hira, PR Khalid, N Iqbal, J Al-Ali, F Shelahi, F Wilson, M AF Hira, Parsotam R. Khalid, Nabila Iqbal, Jamshaid Al-Ali, Faiza Shelahi, Fatma Wilson, Marianna TI Toxoplasmosis in the Arabian Gulf: Nuisance or a significant disease? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hira, Parsotam R.; Khalid, Nabila; Iqbal, Jamshaid] Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Kuwai City, Kuwait. [Al-Ali, Faiza; Shelahi, Fatma] Farwania Hosp, Dept Labs, Kuwait, Kuwait. [Wilson, Marianna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 177 BP 59 EP 60 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000178 ER PT J AU Ovarnstrom, Y Bishop, H Sullivan, JJ Hollingsworth, R da Silva, AJ AF Ovarnstrom, Yvonne Bishop, Henry Sullivan, James J. Hollingsworth, Robert da Silva, Alexandre J. TI PCR-based detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in slugs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ovarnstrom, Yvonne; Bishop, Henry; Sullivan, James J.; da Silva, Alexandre J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hollingsworth, Robert] USDA ARS, Hilo, HI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 187 BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000188 ER PT J AU Jain, S Colindres, RE Bowen, A Pierre, W Saint Vil, K Bernard, YM Lerebours, G Frison, P Beattys, ME Brown, M Mintz, ED AF Jain, Seema Colindres, Romulo E. Bowen, Anna Pierre, Wedner Saint Vil, Katia Bernard, Yves-Marie Lerebours, Gerald Frison, Pascal Beattys, Mark E. Brown, Matthew Mintz, Eric D. TI Assessment of post-Tropical Storm Jeanne disease surveillance - Gonaives, Haiti, 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jain, Seema; Colindres, Romulo E.; Bowen, Anna; Mintz, Eric D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pierre, Wedner; Saint Vil, Katia] Minist Publ Hlth & Populat, Gonaives, Haiti. [Bernard, Yves-Marie; Lerebours, Gerald; Brown, Matthew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Frison, Pascal] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Beattys, Mark E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 201 BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000202 ER PT J AU Khatib, RA Kachur, SP Abdulla, SM Bloland, PB AF Khatib, Rashid A. Kachur, Steven P. Abdulla, Salim M. Bloland, Peter B. TI Prompt and effective treatment use for febrile illness: A comparison between two autonomous health administrations in Tanzania SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Khatib, Rashid A.; Kachur, Steven P.; Abdulla, Salim M.] Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Bloland, Peter B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 199 BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000200 ER PT J AU Bowen, A Ma, HL Ou, JM Billhimer, W Long, T Zeng, M Wang, E Painter, J Mintz, E Hoekstra, RM Luby, S AF Bowen, Anna Ma, Huilai Ou, Jianming Billhimer, Ward Long, Timothy Zeng, May Wang, Eileen Painter, John Mintz, Eric Hoekstra, Robert M. Luby, Stephen TI Effect of a handwashing promotion program in Chinese primary schools SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bowen, Anna; Ou, Jianming; Painter, John; Mintz, Eric; Hoekstra, Robert M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ma, Huilai] China Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ou, Jianming] Fujian Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fuzhou, Peoples R China. [Billhimer, Ward; Long, Timothy] Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Zeng, May] Procter & Gamble Co, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. [Wang, Eileen] Procter & Gamble Co, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Luby, Stephen] B Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 208 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000209 ER PT J AU Puello, JM Joa, D Riera, C Eliades, MJ Kozarsky, PE Jelinek, T Bocie-Collins, M Nguyen-Dinh, P AF Puello, Jose Ml Joa, David Riera, Celia Eliades, M. James Kozarsky, Phyllis E. Jelinek, Thomas Bocie-Collins, Margaret Nguyen-Dinh, Phuc TI Controlling a malaria outbreak in a tourist resort area in the Dominican Republic, November-December 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Puello, Jose Ml; Joa, David] Ctr Nacl Control Enfermedades Trop, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. [Riera, Celia] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. [Eliades, M. James; Kozarsky, Phyllis E.; Nguyen-Dinh, Phuc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jelinek, Thomas] Berlin Inst Trop Med, Berlin, Germany. [Bocie-Collins, Margaret] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 215 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000216 ER PT J AU Durlacher, RR Dimech, GS Moraes, GH Aguiar, GP Rocha, LA Mancini, D Hatch, DL AF Durlacher, Rui R. Dimech, George S. Moraes, Giselle H. Aguiar, Gina P. Rocha, Lucia A. Mancini, Denise Hatch, Douglas L. TI Outbreak of acute pneumonitis with eosinophilia of unknown cause -- Manaus City, Amazonas State, Brazil, 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Durlacher, Rui R.; Dimech, George S.; Moraes, Giselle H.; Aguiar, Gina P.; Rocha, Lucia A.; Mancini, Denise] Brazilian Minist Hlth, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Hatch, Douglas L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, OGH, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 219 BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000220 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Muccioli, C Belfort, R Holland, GN Roberts, JM Silveira, C AF Jones, Jeffrey L. Muccioli, C. Belfort, R., Jr. Holland, G. N. Roberts, J. M. Silveira, C. TI Risk factors for acute Toxoplasma gondii infection, Brazil SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jones, Jeffrey L.; Roberts, J. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Muccioli, C.; Belfort, R., Jr.] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Holland, G. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Ocular Inflammatory Dis Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Holland, G. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Silveira, C.] Clin Silveira, Erechim, Brazil. RI Belfort Jr, Rubens/E-2252-2012; Muccioli, Cristina/C-3419-2013 OI Belfort Jr, Rubens/0000-0002-8422-3898; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 225 BP 76 EP 76 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000226 ER PT J AU Macgregor-Skinner, GJ Mendoza, CE Chiller, T Acevedo, RL Keswick, B Luby, SP AF Macgregor-Skinner, Gavin John Mendoza, Carlos E. Chiller, Tom Acevedo, Rudinio L. Keswick, Bruce Luby, Stephen P. TI Safe drinking water and diarrhea: What determines sustained use of a home water treatment product? Guatemala, 2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Macgregor-Skinner, Gavin John; Chiller, Tom; Luby, Stephen P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mendoza, Carlos E.; Acevedo, Rudinio L.] Med Entomol Res & Training Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Keswick, Bruce] Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 229 BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000230 ER PT J AU Gatewood, A Diuk-Wasser, M Yaremych-Hamer, S Cortinas, R Bunikis, J Tsao, J Brownstein, J Hickling, G Piesman, J Walker, N Kitron, U Barbour, A Fish, D AF Gatewood, Anne Diuk-Wasser, Maria Yaremych-Hamer, Sarah Cortinas, Roberto Bunikis, Jonas Tsao, Jean Brownstein, John Hickling, Graham Piesman, Joseph Walker, Ned Kitron, Uriel Barbour, Alan Fish, Durland TI Spatial patterns of Ixodes scapularis-borne Borrelia in the United States identified by standardized field sampling SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gatewood, Anne; Diuk-Wasser, Maria; Fish, Durland] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Yaremych-Hamer, Sarah; Tsao, Jean; Hickling, Graham; Walker, Ned] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cortinas, Roberto; Kitron, Uriel] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bunikis, Jonas; Barbour, Alan] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Brownstein, John] Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Piesman, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVBID, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 237 BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000238 ER PT J AU Ayalla-Lopez, A Beatty, M Clark, GG Roman, YM Morell, CA AF Ayalla-Lopez, Aurimar Beatty, Mark Clark, Gary G. Roman, Yaisa M. Morell, Carlos A. TI Dengue incidence and direct costs to a health insurance company, Puerto Rico 2000-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ayalla-Lopez, Aurimar; Beatty, Mark; Clark, Gary G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. [Roman, Yaisa M.; Morell, Carlos A.] Triple S Inc, Stat Res & Anal Dept, Tech Serv Div, San Juan, PR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 254 BP 85 EP 86 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000255 ER PT J AU ElKholy, A Shihab, F Safwat, S Alkohlani, A Al-Moktary, S Al -Bourji, A Elzein, H Ahmed, O Saad, MD Earhart, K Elbushra, H Hajjeh, R AF ElKholy, Amgad Shihab, Fawaz Safwat, Sameh Alkohlani, Alcdelhakem Al-Moktary, Sultan Al -Bourji, Ahmed Elzein, Hashem Ahmed, Osama Saad, Magdi D. Earhart, Kenneth Elbushra, Hassan Hajjeh, Rana TI Outbreak of dengue fever in Al-Hudaydah, Yemen, 2004-2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [ElKholy, Amgad; Safwat, Sameh; Saad, Magdi D.; Earhart, Kenneth] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Shihab, Fawaz; Elzein, Hashem; Ahmed, Osama] WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Sanaa, Yemen. [Alkohlani, Alcdelhakem; Al-Moktary, Sultan; Al -Bourji, Ahmed] Minist Hlth, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Sanaa, Yemen. [Elbushra, Hassan] WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 258 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000259 ER PT J AU Hunt, AR Chang, GJ Roehrig, JT AF Hunt, Arin R. Chang, G. -J. Roehrig, John T. TI Performance of the Domain III protein fragment of the envelope glycoprotein of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses as a serodiagnostic antigen SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hunt, Arin R.; Chang, G. -J.; Roehrig, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 273 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000273 ER PT J AU Moralles-Betoulle, ME Morales, H Blitvich, BJ Powers, AM Davis, A Klein, R Ccrdon-Rosales, C AF Moralles-Betoulle, Maria E. Morales, Herber Blitvich, Bradley J. Powers, Ann M. Davis, Ann Klein, Robert Ccrdon-Rosales, Celia TI Serologic evidence of West Nile virus in Guatemalan horses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Morales, Herber] Minist Agr & Livestock, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Moralles-Betoulle, Maria E.; Ccrdon-Rosales, Celia] Univ Valle Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Blitvich, Bradley J.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Powers, Ann M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Davis, Ann] USDA, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Klein, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guatemala City, Guatemala. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 272 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000272 ER PT J AU Mathieu, E Richard, S Addiss, D Sodahlon, Y AF Mathieu, Els Richard, Stephanie Addiss, David Sodahlon, Yao TI A survey of current treatment practices and burden of lymphedema in Togo SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mathieu, Els; Richard, Stephanie; Addiss, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sodahlon, Yao] Minist Hlth, Lome, Togo. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 287 BP 95 EP 95 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000286 ER PT J AU Stiles, JK Udhayakumar, V Ned, R Shukla, M Jain, V Newton, C Arrnah, HB Nagpal, AC Joel, M Singh, N AF Stiles, Jonathan K. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Ned, Renee Shukla, M. Jain, Vidhan Newton, Charles Arrnah, Henry B. Nagpal, Avinash C. Joel, M. Singh, Neeru TI Neurological deficits associated with cerebral malaria in India SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stiles, Jonathan K.] Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam; Ned, Renee] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jain, Vidhan; Singh, Neeru] MRC, RMRCT, Jabalpur, India. [Newton, Charles] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kilifi, Kenya. RI Newton, Charles/C-6222-2009; Ned, Renee/D-3746-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 323 BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000322 ER PT J AU Cole-Tobian, JL Zimmerman, PA Collins, WE King, CL AF Cole-Tobian, Jennifer L. Zimmerman, Peter A. Collins, William E. King, Christopher L. TI High throughput identification of the predominant malaria parasite clone in complex blood stage infections using an oligonucleotide ligation assay SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cole-Tobian, Jennifer L.; Zimmerman, Peter A.; King, Christopher L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Collins, William E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 336 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000335 ER PT J AU Ouma, PO van Eijk, A Hamel, MJ Parise, M Kager, P ter Kuile, F Slutsker, L AF Ouma, Peter O. van Eijk, Annemieke Hamel, Mary J. Parise, Monica Kager, Piet ter Kuile, Feiko Slutsker, Laurence TI Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral malaria parasitemia and anemia among antenatal clinic attendees in Kisumu, Western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ouma, Peter O.; van Eijk, Annemieke; Hamel, Mary J.; Slutsker, Laurence] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, KEMRI Res Stn, Kisumu, Kenya. [Parise, Monica] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kager, Piet] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. [ter Kuile, Feiko] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 374 BP 124 EP 125 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000373 ER PT J AU Blackburn, B Eigege, A Miri, E Agu, J Umar, A Filden, H Bitrus, R Ogah, G Jinadu, M Gerlong, G Umaru, J Mathieu, E Richards, F AF Blackburn, Brian Eigege, Abel Miri, E. Agu, J. Umar, A. Filden, Henry Bitrus, R. Ogah, Gladys Jinadu, M. Gerlong, G. Umaru, John Mathieu, Els Richards, Frank TI Successful integration of insecticide-treated bednet distribution and mass drug administration in central Nigeria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Blackburn, Brian; Mathieu, Els] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Eigege, Abel; Miri, E.; Gerlong, G.; Umaru, John] Carter Ctr, Jos, Nigeria. [Agu, J.; Umar, A.] Nassarawa State Minist Hlth, Lafia, Nigeria. [Filden, Henry; Bitrus, R.] Plateau State Minist Hlth, Jos, Nigeria. [Ogah, Gladys] Nassarawa State Minist Hlth, Jos, Nigeria. [Jinadu, M.] Fed Minist Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria. [Richards, Frank] Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 422 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000421 ER PT J AU Lozano-Fuentes, S Gorrochotegui-Escalante, N Bennett, KE Black, WC AF Lozano-Fuentes, Saul Gorrochotegui-Escalante, Norma Bennett, Kristine E. Black, William C. TI Aedes aegypti vector competence and gene flow in the state of Veracruz, Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lozano-Fuentes, Saul] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Gorrochotegui-Escalante, Norma; Black, William C.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bennett, Kristine E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RI Lozano-Fuentes, Saul/H-4324-2011 OI Lozano-Fuentes, Saul/0000-0003-1517-6853 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 447 BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000446 ER PT J AU Lozano-Fuentes, S Gorrochotegui-Escalante, N Bennett, KE Black, WC AF Lozano-Fuentes, Saul Gorrochotegui-Escalante, Norma Bennett, Kristine E. Black, William C. TI Aedes aegypti vector competence and gene flow in the state of Veracruz, Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lozano-Fuentes, Saul] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Gorrochotegui-Escalante, Norma; Black, William C.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bennett, Kristine E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RI Lozano-Fuentes, Saul/H-4324-2011 OI Lozano-Fuentes, Saul/0000-0003-1517-6853 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 449 BP 148 EP 149 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000448 ER PT J AU Benedict, MQ Bossin, HC Gardos, M Nirschl, A Knols, BG AF Benedict, Mark Q. Bossin, Herve C. Gardos, Miklos Nirschl, Anton Knols, Bart G. TI Advances toward the control of Anopheles arabiensis by the sterile insect technique SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Benedict, Mark Q.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. [Bossin, Herve C.; Gardos, Miklos; Nirschl, Anton; Knols, Bart G.] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 461 BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000460 ER PT J AU Diabate, A Dabire, R Millogo, N Gimnig, J Hawley, WA Lehmann, T AF Diabate, Abdoulaye Dabire, Rock Millogo, Niama Gimnig, John Hawley, William A. Lehmann, Tovi TI Can predator avoidance behavior explain the spatial segregation between the molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Diabate, Abdoulaye; Lehmann, Tovi] NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Dabire, Rock; Millogo, Niama] IRSS Ctr Muraz Lab Parasitol Entomol, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. [Hawley, William A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DPD, Chamblee, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 462 BP 152 EP 153 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000461 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Lawrence, GG McAllister, JC Brogdon, WG AF Zhou, Ling Lawrence, Gena G. McAllister, Janet C. Brogdon, William G. TI Sodium channel allele heterogeneity in Culex vectors of WNV in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhou, Ling; Lawrence, Gena G.; Brogdon, William G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. [McAllister, Janet C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 477 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000476 ER PT J AU Calvert, AE Roehrig, JT AF Calvert, Amanda E. Roehrig, John T. TI Dengue 2 virus fusion is inhibited with monoclonal antibodies and synthetic peptides specific to the envelope glycoprotein SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Calvert, Amanda E.; Roehrig, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 523 BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000522 ER PT J AU Moore, JM Owino, SO Sichangi, M Lanar, DE Dutta, S Othoro, C Otieno, J Vulule, J Slutsker, L Udhayakumar, V Shi, YP AF Moore, Julie M. Owino, Simon O. Sichangi, Moses Lanar, David E. Dutta, Sheetij Othoro, Caroline Otieno, Juliana Vulule, John Slutsker, Laurence Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Shi, Ya Ping TI Elispot detection of cytokine responses to malarial antigens in peripheral and placental blood of malaria and malaria/HIV CO-INFECTED Kenyan women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moore, Julie M.; Owino, Simon O.; Sichangi, Moses] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lanar, David E.; Dutta, Sheetij] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Othoro, Caroline] NYU, New York, NY USA. [Otieno, Juliana] Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. [Slutsker, Laurence] KEMRI, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. [Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam; Shi, Ya Ping] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 524 BP 171 EP 172 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000523 ER PT J AU Lindblade, KA Arana, B Flores, GZ Prosser, A Ortiz, NC Punkosdy, G Mendoza, C Richards, J Giron, MEB Klein, RE Richards, F AF Lindblade, Kim A. Arana, Byron Flores, Guillermo Zea Prosser, Adria Ortiz, Nancy Cruz Punkosdy, George Mendoza, Carlos Richards, Jane Giron, Miguel Estuardo Barrios Klein, Robert E. Richards, Frank TI A serological assessment for the certification of Elimination of Onchocerca Volvulus in the Santa Rosa focus of Guatemala SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lindblade, Kim A.; Klein, Robert E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Arana, Byron; Ortiz, Nancy Cruz; Mendoza, Carlos; Giron, Miguel Estuardo Barrios] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Training Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Flores, Guillermo Zea] Onchocerciasis Eliminat Program Amer, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Prosser, Adria; Punkosdy, George] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Richards, Jane] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Richards, Frank] Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 533 BP 175 EP 175 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000532 ER PT J AU Grady, C de Rochars, MB Direny, A Milord, MD Mathieu, E Hightower, A Addiss, D Streit, T Lammie, P AF Grady, Caroline de Rochars, Madsen Beau Direny, Abdel Milord, Marie Denise Mathieu, Els Hightower, Allen Addiss, David Streit, Thomas Lammie, Patrick TI Assessing filarial infection prevalence and transmission in a low-prevalence area of northern haiti after two rounds of annual mass treatment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grady, Caroline; Mathieu, Els; Hightower, Allen; Addiss, David; Lammie, Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [de Rochars, Madsen Beau; Direny, Abdel] Hosp St Croix, Filariasis Program, Leogane, Haiti. [Milord, Marie Denise] Minist Publ Hlth & Populat, Natl Program Eliminate Lymphat Filariasis, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Streit, Thomas] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 537 BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000536 ER PT J AU Hochberg, N Michell, MC Lammie, PJ Mathieu, E Direny, AD DeRochars, MB Addiss, DG AF Hochberg, Natasha Michell, Marie Carmel Lammie, Patrick J. Mathieu, Els Direny, Abdel D. DeRochars, Madsen B. Addiss, David G. TI Costly adverse reactions to lymphatic filariasis treatment in leogane, Haiti, 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hochberg, Natasha; Lammie, Patrick J.; Mathieu, Els; Addiss, David G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Michell, Marie Carmel; Direny, Abdel D.; DeRochars, Madsen B.] Hop Ste Croix, Leogani, Haiti. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 564 BP 186 EP 186 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000563 ER PT J AU Weinkopff, TS Atwood, J Punkosclyl, G Weatherly, B Orlando, R Lammie, P AF Weinkopff, Tiffany S. Atwood, James Punkosclyl, George Weatherly, Brent Orlando, Ronald Lammie, Patrick TI Identification of Brugia adult worm proteins by peptide mass fingerprinting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Weinkopff, Tiffany S.; Weatherly, Brent] Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Atwood, James; Orlando, Ronald] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Punkosclyl, George; Lammie, Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 567 BP 187 EP 187 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000566 ER PT J AU Colindres, RE Ashley, D Indar, L Maxwell, N O'Reilly, C Lyszkowiczl, E Henao, O Montgomery, S AF Colindres, Rornullo E. Ashley, Deanna Indar, Lisa Maxwell, Nikki O'Reilly, Ciara Lyszkowiczl, Ewelina Henao, Olga Montgomery, Susan TI International investigation of an outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infections among us travelers - Jamaica, 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Colindres, Rornullo E.; Maxwell, Nikki; O'Reilly, Ciara; Lyszkowiczl, Ewelina; Henao, Olga; Montgomery, Susan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ashley, Deanna] Jamaican Ministry Hlth, Kingston, Jamaica. [Indar, Lisa] Caribbean Epidemiol Ctr, Port Of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 576 BP 190 EP 190 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000575 ER PT J AU Harris, JB Baresch-Bernal, A Alam, A LaRocque, RC Qadri, F Calderwood, SB Breiman, RF Brooks, WA Handfield, M Rollins, S Ryan, ET AF Harris, Jason B. Baresch-Bernal, Andrea Alam, Ashfaqul LaRocque, Regina C. Qadri, Firdausi Calderwood, Stephen B. Breiman, Robert F. Brooks, W. Abdullah Handfield, Martin Rollins, Sean Ryan, Edward T. TI Application of in vivo induced antigen technology (IVIAT) to Salmonella enterica serotype typhi: Identification of pagc as a marker of S-typhi infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Harris, Jason B.; Baresch-Bernal, Andrea; LaRocque, Regina C.; Calderwood, Stephen B.; Rollins, Sean; Ryan, Edward T.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Alam, Ashfaqul; Qadri, Firdausi; Brooks, W. Abdullah] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Breiman, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Handfield, Martin] Univ Florida, Coll Dent, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 577 BP 190 EP 190 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000576 ER PT J AU Myles, KM Kelly, CL Ledermann, JP Powers, AM AF Myles, Kevin M. Kelly, Cindy L. Ledermann, Jeremy P. Powers, Ann M. TI Effects of an opal termination codon preceding the nsp4 gene sequence in the o'nyong nyong virus genome on Anopheles gambiae infectivity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Myles, Kevin M.; Kelly, Cindy L.; Ledermann, Jeremy P.; Powers, Ann M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 584 BP 193 EP 193 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001007 ER PT J AU Suwandowo, A Jeremijenko, A Kosasih, H Yuwono, J Ma'roef, C Bjorge, S Cox, NJ Blair, PJ AF Suwandowo, Agus Jeremijenko, Andrew Kosasih, Herman Yuwono, Joko Ma'roef, Chairin Bjorge, Steven Cox, Nancy J. Blair, Patrick J. TI Human influenza surveillance during a time of H5N1 transmission in poultry in Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Suwandowo, Agus; Yuwono, Joko] Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Jeremijenko, Andrew; Kosasih, Herman; Ma'roef, Chairin; Blair, Patrick J.] Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Bjorge, Steven] World Hlth Org, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Bjorge, Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 586 BP 194 EP 194 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001009 ER PT J AU McCollum, AM Poe, AC Hamel, M Huber, C Zhou, Z Shi, YP Ouma, P Vulule, J Bloland, P Slutsker, L Barnwell, J Udhayakumar, V Escalante, AA AF McCollum, Andrea M. Poe, Amanda C. Hamel, Mary Huber, Curtis Zhou, Zhiyong Shi, Ya Ping Ouma, Peter Vulule, John Bloland, Peter Slutsker, Laurence Barnwell, John Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Escalante, Ananias A. TI Identification of novel microsatellite haplotypes for the triple mutant DHFR allele and identification of highly resistant Plasmodium falciparum in an area of intense transmission in Africa SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McCollum, Andrea M.; Poe, Amanda C.; Hamel, Mary; Huber, Curtis; Zhou, Zhiyong; Shi, Ya Ping; Bloland, Peter; Barnwell, John; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ouma, Peter; Vulule, John; Slutsker, Laurence] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Escalante, Ananias A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 594 BP 196 EP 196 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001017 ER PT J AU Macgregor-Skinner, GJ Widyastuti, E Ardian, K Pisceska, A Hoekstra, RM Quick, R AF Macgregor-Skinner, Gavin J. Widyastuti, Endang Ardian, Khrisna Pisceska, Arte Hoekstra, Robert Michael Quick, Rob TI Preventing diarrhea following water emergencies: An evaluation of home-based chlorination in West Timor, Indonesia, 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Macgregor-Skinner, Gavin J.; Hoekstra, Robert Michael; Quick, Rob] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Widyastuti, Endang; Ardian, Khrisna; Pisceska, Arte] CARE Int Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 615 BP 203 EP 203 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001038 ER PT J AU Colindres, RE Jain, S Bowen, A Domond, P Mintz, E AF Colindres, Romullo E. Jain, Seema Bowen, Anna Domond, Polyanna Mintz, Eric TI After the flood: An evaluation of in-home drinking water treatment with combined flocculent-disinfectant following Tropical Storm Jeanne - Gonaives, Haiti, 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Colindres, Romullo E.; Jain, Seema; Bowen, Anna; Mintz, Eric] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Domond, Polyanna] Populat Serv Int, Port Au Prince, Haiti. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 617 BP 204 EP 204 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001040 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Vineis, JH Brogdon, WG AF Zhou, Ling Vineis, Joseph H. Brogdon, William G. TI A fresh approach evaluating esterase B heterogeneity of Culex pipiens complex populations in a transect from the eastern United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhou, Ling; Brogdon, William G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. [Vineis, Joseph H.] New York State Dept Hlth, Slingerlands, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 625 BP 206 EP 206 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001048 ER PT J AU Ouma, PO van Eijk, AM Hamel, MJ Odhiambo, F Sikuku, E Ayisi, A Adazu, A Vulule, J Slutsker, L AF Ouma, P. O. van Eijk, A. M. Hamel, Mary J. Odhiambo, F. Sikuku, E. Ayisi, A. Adazu, A. Vulule, J. Slutsker, L. TI Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy in a rural area of Western Kenya: Community-based assessment towards improved coverage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ouma, P. O.; Odhiambo, F.; Sikuku, E.; Ayisi, A.; Adazu, A.; Vulule, J.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control, Western Kenya, Kenya. [van Eijk, A. M.; Hamel, Mary J.; Slutsker, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 633 BP 209 EP 209 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001056 ER PT J AU Marcet, PL Jones, L Gurtler, RE Kitron, U Dotson, EM AF Marcet, Paula L. Jones, LeeAnn Gurtler, Ricardo E. Kitron, Uriel Dotson, Ellen M. TI Genetic structure of triatoma infestans populations from rural villages in Northern Argentina SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Marcet, Paula L.; Gurtler, Ricardo E.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Jones, LeeAnn; Dotson, Ellen M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DPD Entomol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kitron, Uriel] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 638 BP 211 EP 211 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001061 ER PT J AU Marcet, PL Jones, L Piccinali, R Gurtler, RE Kitron, U Dotson, EM AF Marcet, Paula L. Jones, LeeAnn Piccinali, Rornina Gurtler, Ricardo E. Kitron, Uriel Dotson, Ellen M. TI Genetic structure of triatoma infestans populations from Northern Argentina and other south America countries based on mitochondrial DNA analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Marcet, Paula L.; Piccinali, Rornina; Gurtler, Ricardo E.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Jones, LeeAnn; Dotson, Ellen M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DPD Entomol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kitron, Uriel] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 639 BP 211 EP 211 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001062 ER PT J AU Gross, DK Mukhopadhaya, K Taylor, TH Plikaytis, B Meltzer, MI Pathak, S Talaat, M Jennings, G El Kholy, A Shafik, H El-Sayed, N Hajjeh, R Clark, TA AF Gross, Diane K. Mukhopadhaya, Kaushik Taylor, Thomas H. Plikaytis, Brian Meltzer, Martin I. Pathak, Sonal Talaat, Maha Jennings, Greg El Kholy, Amgad Shafik, Hassan El-Sayed, Nasr Hajjeh, Rana Clark, Thomas A. TI Cost-effectiveness of brucellosis control programs - Egypt, 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gross, Diane K.; Mukhopadhaya, Kaushik; Taylor, Thomas H.; Plikaytis, Brian; Meltzer, Martin I.; Pathak, Sonal; Clark, Thomas A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Talaat, Maha; Jennings, Greg; El Kholy, Amgad; Hajjeh, Rana] NAMRU 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Shafik, Hassan] Egyptian Gen Org Vet Serv, Cairo, Egypt. [El-Sayed, Nasr] Egyptian Minist Hlth, Cairo, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 649 BP 214 EP 214 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001072 ER PT J AU Karsany, MS Afifi, SA Salih, M Magboul, B Bilail, O El-Hassan, B El-Fadel, A Younis, A Bin-Ouf, G Teleb, N Pimentel, G Hajjeh, R AF Karsany, Mubarak S. Afifi, Salma A. Salih, Magdy Magboul, Babikr Bilail, Osman El-Hassan, Billah El-Fadel, Ahmed Younis, Ali Bin-Ouf, Gaffar Teleb, Nadia Pimentel, Guillermo Hajjeh, Rana TI Laboratory-based surveillance for patients with acute meningitis in Sudan, 2004-200s SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Karsany, Mubarak S.; Salih, Magdy; Magboul, Babikr; Bilail, Osman] Fed Minist Hlth, Khartoum, Sudan. [Afifi, Salma A.; Pimentel, Guillermo] NAMRU 3, Cairo, Egypt. [El-Hassan, Billah; El-Fadel, Ahmed; Younis, Ali; Bin-Ouf, Gaffar] Khartoum State Hlth Dept, Khartoum, Sudan. [Teleb, Nadia] WHO, EMRO, Cairo, Egypt. [Hajjeh, Rana] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Hajjeh, Rana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 654 BP 216 EP 216 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001077 ER PT J AU Manya, AS Sifuna, I Onyango, C Amudavi, F Onteri, J Wasike, I Gehrke, J Nzioka, C Winger, K Novak, R Clark, TA Harris, L Ari, M Bird, M Mintz, E Singleton, J Loftis, A Moriarty, J McQuiston, J Swerdlow, D Drobeniuc, J Armstrong, G Coldren, R Breiman, R Feikin, D AF Manya, A. S. Sifuna, I. Onyango, C. Amudavi, F. Onteri, J. Wasike, I. Gehrke, J. Nzioka, C. Winger, K. Novak, R. Clark, Thomas A. Harris, L. Ari, M. Bird, M. Mintz, E. Singleton, J. Loftis, A. Moriarty, J. McQuiston, J. Swerdlow, D. Drobeniuc, J. Armstrong, G. Coldren, R. Breiman, R. Feikin, D. TI Outbreak of typhoid fever, Western Province, Kenya-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Manya, A. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. [Sifuna, I.; Amudavi, F.; Wasike, I.] Bungoma Dist Med Off, Bungoma, Kenya. [Onyango, C.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Onteri, J.; Nzioka, C.] Kenya Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gehrke, J.; Coldren, R.] Walter Reed Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Winger, K.; Novak, R.; Clark, Thomas A.; Harris, L.; Ari, M.; Bird, M.; Mintz, E.; Singleton, J.; Loftis, A.; Moriarty, J.; McQuiston, J.; Swerdlow, D.; Drobeniuc, J.; Armstrong, G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Breiman, R.; Feikin, D.] Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 655 BP 216 EP 217 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001078 ER PT J AU Olivera, J Rodriguez, S Romero, JR Garcia, HH Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Tsang, VC Llanos, F AF Olivera, Jose Rodriguez, Silvia Romero, Jaime R. Garcia, Hector H. Gonzalez, Armando E. Gilman, Robert H. Tsang, Victor C. Llanos, Fernando CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Information system for managing the elimination program of cysticercosis in Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Olivera, Jose; Rodriguez, Silvia; Romero, Jaime R.; Garcia, Hector H.; Gilman, Robert H.; Llanos, Fernando; Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Gonzalez, Armando E.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. [Tsang, Victor C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 658 BP 217 EP 218 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001081 ER PT J AU Vasquez, Y Rodriguez, S Garcia, HH Allan, JC Gilman, RH Gonzalez, AE Noh, J Pattabhi, S Tsang, VC AF Vasquez, Yessika Rodriguez, Silvia Garcia, Hector H. Allan, James C. Gilman, Robert H. Gonzalez, Armando E. Noh, John Pattabhi, Sowmya Tsang, Victor C. TI Sensitivity and specificity of coproantigen detection by FAST-Elisa in diagnosing human tapeworm (Taenia Solium) infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vasquez, Yessika; Rodriguez, Silvia; Garcia, Hector H.] Inst Especializado Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima, Peru. [Allan, James C.] Univ Salford, Dept Biol Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. [Gilman, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gonzalez, Armando E.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. [Noh, John; Pattabhi, Sowmya; Tsang, Victor C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Immunol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 657 BP 217 EP 217 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001080 ER PT J AU Ge, H Tong, M Jiang, J Dasch, GA Richards, AL AF Ge, Hong Tong, Min Jiang, Ju Dasch, Gregory A. Richards, Allen L. TI Genotypic characterization of Rickettsia prowazekii Cairo 3 by multilocus sequencing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dasch, Gregory A.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ge, Hong; Tong, Min; Jiang, Ju; Richards, Allen L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 716 BP 236 EP 237 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001139 ER PT J AU Ullmann, AJ Gabitzsch, ES Fikrig, E Zeidner, NS AF Ullmann, Amy J. Gabitzsch, Elizabeth S. Fikrig, Erol Zeidner, Nordin S. TI Dendritic cell immunization using tick salivary proteins to prevent tick transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fikrig, Erol] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Ullmann, Amy J.; Gabitzsch, Elizabeth S.; Zeidner, Nordin S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 717 BP 237 EP 237 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001140 ER PT J AU Munoz-Jordan, JL Hunsperger, E Beatty, M Clark, G AF Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L. Hunsperger, Elizabeth Beatty, Mark Clark, Gary TI Prevalence of dengue-2 virus in nearby Caribbean islands SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L.; Hunsperger, Elizabeth; Beatty, Mark; Clark, Gary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 733 BP 242 EP 242 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001156 ER PT J AU Munoz-Jordan, JL Mercado, X Clark, GG AF Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L. Mercado, Xiomara Clark, Gary G. TI Development of bioassays to measure interferon antagonism of dengue strains SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L.; Clark, Gary G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. [Mercado, Xiomara] Univ Puerto Rico, Recinto Ciencias Med, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 735 BP 243 EP 243 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001158 ER PT J AU Beatty, ME Munoz, J Rodriguez, M Clark, G Ayala, A AF Beatty, Mark E. Munoz, Jorge Rodriguez, Miriam Clark, Gary Ayala, Aurimar TI Application of a clinical case definition for dengue fever in Patillas, Puerto Rico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beatty, Mark E.; Munoz, Jorge; Clark, Gary; Ayala, Aurimar] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. [Rodriguez, Miriam] Ctr Serv Primarios Salud, Patillas, PR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 744 BP 245 EP 246 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001167 ER PT J AU Cruz, C Felices, V Caceda, R Johnson, B Huaman, A Castillo, R Merizalde, M Manock, S Madrid, C Guevara, C Kochel, T Olson, J AF Cruz, Cristhopher Felices, Vidal Caceda, Roxana Johnson, Barbara Huaman, Alfredo Castillo, Roger Merizalde, M. Manock, Steve Madrid, Cesar Guevara, Carolina Kochel, Tadeusz Olson, James TI Isolation of ilheus virus from a febrile human in Ecuador SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cruz, Cristhopher; Felices, Vidal; Caceda, Roxana; Huaman, Alfredo; Castillo, Roger; Guevara, Carolina] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Johnson, Barbara] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Merizalde, M.] Hosp Mil, Puyo, Ecuador. [Manock, Steve] Hosp Vozandes, Shell, Ecuador. [Madrid, Cesar] Hosp Naval, Guayaquil, Ecuador. [Kochel, Tadeusz; Olson, James] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, APO, AA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 746 BP 246 EP 246 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001169 ER PT J AU Hunsperger, EA Roehrig, JT AF Hunsperger, Elizabeth A. Roehrig, John T. TI Neuropathogenesis of a West Nile virus infection in mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hunsperger, Elizabeth A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. [Roehrig, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 755 BP 249 EP 249 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001178 ER PT J AU King, J Maga, A Pa'au, M Roth, J Curry, T Crenshaw, D AF King, Jonathan Maga, Aso Pa'au, Molisamoa Roth, Joseph Curry, Troy Crenshaw, Dana TI High survey coverage shows reported MDA coverage underestimated in American Samoa lymphatic filariasis elimination program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [King, Jonathan; Crenshaw, Dana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 758 BP 250 EP 250 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001181 ER PT J AU Lescano, AG Garcia, HH Gilman, RH Guezala, MC Tsang, VCW Rodriguez, S Moulton, LH Villaran, MV Montanox, SM Gonzalez, AE AF Lescano, Andres G. Garcia, Hector H. Gilman, Robert H. Guezala, M. Claudia Tsang, Victor C. W. Rodriguez, Silvia Moulton, Lawrence H. Villaran, Manuel V. Montanox, Silvia M. Gonzalez, Armando E. TI Human cysticercosis hotspots surrounding Taenia solium tapeworm carriers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lescano, Andres G.; Garcia, Hector H.; Gilman, Robert H.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Gilman, Robert H.; Moulton, Lawrence H.; Montanox, Silvia M.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Guezala, M. Claudia] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Lima 14, Peru. [Tsang, Victor C. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tsang, Victor C. W.] Inst Ciencias Neurol, Lima, Peru. [Gonzalez, Armando E.] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment NMRCD, Lima, Peru. RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 772 BP 254 EP 255 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001195 ER PT J AU Millord, MD Bois, C Lamothe, F Duvalsaint, B Augustin, RB Jean-Francois, V Long, EG Nguyen-Dinh, P AF Millord, Marie Denise Bois, Claudel Lamothe, Frantz Duvalsaint, Beatrice Augustin, Roseline B. Jean-Francois, Vely Long, Earl G. Nguyen-Dinh, Phuc TI Malaria prevalence in febrile patients in Haiti SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Augustin, Roseline B.] Hop Albert Schweitzer, Deschapelles, Haiti. [Millord, Marie Denise; Bois, Claudel; Lamothe, Frantz; Duvalsaint, Beatrice] Minist Publ Hlth & Populat, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Jean-Francois, Vely] Pan Amer Hlth Organizat, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Long, Earl G.; Nguyen-Dinh, Phuc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 841 BP 276 EP 277 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001264 ER PT J AU Desai, M Mathanga, D Bronzan, R Eng, JV Wolkon, A Parise, M Malenga, G Campbell, C AF Desai, Meghna Mathanga, Don Bronzan, Rachel Eng, Jodi Vanden Wolkon, Adam Parise, Monica Malenga, Grace Campbell, Carl TI Evaluation of WHO/RBM recommendation to use anemia as an indicator of malaria control in Malawi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Desai, Meghna; Eng, Jodi Vanden; Wolkon, Adam; Parise, Monica] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mathanga, Don; Malenga, Grace] Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Blantyre, Malawi. [Bronzan, Rachel; Campbell, Carl] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Malawi Programme, Blantyre, Malawi. [Bronzan, Rachel; Campbell, Carl] Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiative, Blantyre, Malawi. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 843 BP 277 EP 277 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001266 ER PT J AU Lima-Junior, JC Tran, TM Meyer, EV Balwan, S Farnon, E De-Simone, SG Santos, F Barnwel, JW Galinski, MG Oliveira-Ferreira, J AF Lima-Junior, Josu Costa Tran, Tuan M. Meyer, Esmeralcla V. Balwan, Singh Farnon, Eileen De-Simone, Salvatore Giovanni Santos, Fatima Barnwel, John W. Galinski, Mary G. Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli TI Cellular and humoral immune responses to Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 9 (PVMSP9) in naturally exposed individuals from Rondonia state-Brazil SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lima-Junior, Josu Costa; Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Immunol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Tran, Tuan M.; Meyer, Esmeralcla V.; Balwan, Singh] Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Farnon, Eileen] Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [De-Simone, Salvatore Giovanni] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Santos, Fatima] LACEN Fundacao Nacl de Saude, Porto Velho, Brazil. [Barnwel, John W.] Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli/E-7942-2014 OI Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli/0000-0002-6063-465X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 852 BP 281 EP 281 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001275 ER PT J AU Mendizabal-Cabrera, RM Barnwell, JW Padilla, N AF Mendizabal-Cabrera, Renata M. Barnwell, John W. Padilla, Norma TI Genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax in malaria high risk areas of Guatemala, Central America SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mendizabal-Cabrera, Renata M.; Padilla, Norma] Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Hlth Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Mendizabal-Cabrera, Renata M.; Padilla, Norma] Med Entomol Res & Training Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Mendizabal-Cabrera, Renata M.; Padilla, Norma] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MERTU G, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 878 BP 289 EP 290 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001301 ER PT J AU Moraa, I Kamau, L Bayoh, N Gimnig, J Kokwaro, E Vulule, J Hawley, W Walker, E AF Moraa, I. Kamau, L. Bayoh, N. Gimnig, J. Kokwaro, E. Vulule, J. Hawley, W. Walker, E. TI Elevated KDR frequency in Anopheles gambiae in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moraa, I.; Kamau, L.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bayoh, N.; Vulule, J.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [Gimnig, J.; Hawley, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kokwaro, E.] Kenyatta Univ, Nairobi, Kenya. [Walker, E.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 915 BP 300 EP 300 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001338 ER PT J AU Bayoh, N Lehman, E Ombok, M Wilson, M Vulule, J Gimnig, J Walker, E AF Bayoh, N. Lehman, E. Ombok, M. Wilson, M. Vulule, J. Gimnig, J. Walker, E. TI Dry season persistence of anopheles gambiae in western Kenya: Breeding refugia in streambed pools SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bayoh, N.; Ombok, M.; Vulule, J.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [Lehman, E.; Wilson, M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gimnig, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Walker, E.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 925 BP 303 EP 304 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001348 ER PT J AU Mutuku, F Bayoh, N Gimnig, J Mueke, J Vulule, J Hightower, A Hawley, W Walker, E AF Mutuku, F. Bayoh, N. Gimnig, J. Mueke, J. Vulule, J. Hightower, A. Hawley, W. Walker, E. TI Landscape structure of larval Anopheles gambiae habitats in rural, lowland, western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mutuku, F.; Mueke, J.] Kenyatta Univ, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bayoh, N.; Vulule, J.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kismu, Kenya. [Gimnig, J.; Hightower, A.; Hawley, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Walker, E.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 923 BP 303 EP 303 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001346 ER PT J AU Odiere, M Bayoh, N Irungu, L Gimnig, J Vulule, J Hawley, W Walker, E AF Odiere, M. Bayoh, N. Irungu, L. Gimnig, J. Vulule, J. Hawley, W. Walker, E. TI Sampling resting anopheles gambiae with clay pots SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Odiere, M.; Irungu, L.] Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bayoh, N.; Vulule, J.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [Gimnig, J.; Hawley, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Walker, E.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 928 BP 304 EP 304 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001351 ER PT J AU Johnston, SP Qvarnstrom, Y Long, J da Silva, AJ AF Johnston, Stephanie P. Qvarnstrom, Yvonne Long, Jeremy da Silva, Alexandre J. TI Comparison of different stool fixatives for PCR-based identification of Entamoeba histolytica SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnston, Stephanie P.; Qvarnstrom, Yvonne; da Silva, Alexandre J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Qvarnstrom, Yvonne] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. [Long, Jeremy] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 951 BP 312 EP 312 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001374 ER PT J AU Pfeffer, M Landt, O Kinney, RM Wolfel, R Essbauer, S Dobler, G AF Pfeffer, Martin Landt, Olfert Kinney, Richard M. Woelfel, Roman Essbauer, Sandra Dobler, Gerhard TI Specific detection of western equine encephalitis virus by real-time RT-PCR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pfeffer, Martin; Woelfel, Roman; Essbauer, Sandra; Dobler, Gerhard] Bundeswehr Insy Microbiol, Munich, Germany. [Landt, Olfert] TibMolBiol, Berlin, Germany. [Kinney, Richard M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 966 BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001389 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Sammons, S Frace, A Neuhaus, E Damon, I Wohlhueter, RM AF Sulaiman, Irshad M. Sammons, Scott Frace, Alan Neuhaus, Elizabeth Damon, Inger Wohlhueter, Robert M. TI Genome characterization of smallpox virus by resequencing genechips SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sulaiman, Irshad M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, SRP, BCFB,AREF, Atlanta, GA USA. [Damon, Inger] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, DVRD, Poxvirus Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 967 BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001390 ER PT J AU Wassmer, SC de Souza, B Combes, V Candal, FJ Juhan-Vague, I Grau, GE AF Wassmer, Samuel C. de Souza, Brian Combes, Valery Candal, Francisco J. Juhan-Vague, Irene Grau, Georges E. TI Platelets potentiate brain endothelial alterations induced by Plasmodium Falciparum-parasitised red blood cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wassmer, Samuel C.] Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust, Clin Res Programme, Blantyre, Malawi. [de Souza, Brian] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. [Combes, Valery; Grau, Georges E.] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Fac Med, CNRS, IFR 48,UMR6020, Marseille, France. [Candal, Francisco J.] Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Juhan-Vague, Irene] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Fac Med, INSERM,UMR 626,IFR 125, Lab Hematol Hemostase Fibrinolyse & Pathol Vasc, Marseille, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1004 BP 330 EP 330 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001427 ER PT J AU Brault, AC Langevin, SA Bowen, RA Woods, L Panella, NA Huang, CYH Powers, AM Miller, BR Kinney, RM AF Brault, Aaron C. Langevin, Stanley A. Bowen, Richard A. Woods, Leslie Panella, Nicholas A. Huang, Claire Y-H. Powers, Ann M. Miller, Barry R. Kinney, Richard M. TI A single NS3 amino acid substitution modulates aian virulence of the pathogenic North American West Nile viral strain SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brault, Aaron C.; Langevin, Stanley A.; Woods, Leslie] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bowen, Richard A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Panella, Nicholas A.; Huang, Claire Y-H.; Powers, Ann M.; Miller, Barry R.; Kinney, Richard M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1017 BP 334 EP 334 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001440 ER PT J AU Clements, DE Wong, T Lehrer, A Senda, JT Ogata, SA DeSonier, DN Waller, D Humphreys, T Hui, G Williams, T Nace, D Sullivan, J Collins, WE Barnwell, JW AF Clements, David E. Wong, Teri Lehrer, Axel Senda, James T. Ogata, Steven A. DeSonier, Danielle N. Waller, David Humphreys, Tom Hui, George Williams, Tyrone Nace, Douglas Sullivan, JoAnn Collins, William E. Barnwell, John W. TI Protection of aotus nancymai from Plasmodium Falciparum blood-stage infections following immunization with a vaccine formulation containing MSP1-P42 and MONTANIDE ISA51 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Clements, David E.; Wong, Teri; Lehrer, Axel; Senda, James T.; Ogata, Steven A.; DeSonier, Danielle N.; Waller, David; Humphreys, Tom] Hawaii Biotech Inc, Aiea, HI USA. [Hui, George] Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Williams, Tyrone; Nace, Douglas; Sullivan, JoAnn; Collins, William E.; Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1034 BP 340 EP 340 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001457 ER PT J AU Minicucci, L Rahantarisoa, H Bracher, J Andrianasolo, R Randriamanantsoa, R Rakotondrainibe, M Schriefer, M Yockey, B Randriambelosoa, J Kool, J AF Minicucci, Larissa Rahantarisoa, Hanitra Bracher, Jennifer Andrianasolo, Rodisse Randriamanantsoa, Robin Rakotondrainibe, Manny Schriefer, Martin Yockey, Brook Randriambelosoa, Jean Kool, Jacob TI A multi-village pneumonic plague outbreak - Ampanotokana, Madagascar, January 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Minicucci, Larissa; Bracher, Jennifer; Schriefer, Martin; Yockey, Brook; Kool, Jacob] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Rahantarisoa, Hanitra; Rakotondrainibe, Manny] Prospect Int SARL, Antananarivo, Madagascar. [Andrianasolo, Rodisse; Randriamanantsoa, Robin; Randriambelosoa, Jean] Minist Hlth & Family Planning, Antananarivo, Madagascar. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1043 BP 343 EP 343 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001466 ER PT J AU Green, MD Vongsack, L Manolin, O Sengaloundeth, S Khounsaknalath, L Pamanivong, C Rojas, OV Newton, PN AF Green, Michael D. Vongsack, Latsamy Manolin, Ot Sengaloundeth, Sivong Khounsaknalath, Lampheth Pamanivong, Chansapha Rojas, Ofelia Villalva Newton, Paul N. TI Use of a refractometer to assess the quality of antimalarial drugs collected in the Lao Pdr SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Green, Michael D.; Rojas, Ofelia Villalva] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vongsack, Latsamy; Manolin, Ot; Khounsaknalath, Lampheth; Pamanivong, Chansapha] Minist Hlth, Food & Drug Qual Control Ctr, Viangchan, Laos. [Sengaloundeth, Sivong] Minist Hlth, Food & Drug Dept, Viangchan, Laos. [Newton, Paul N.] Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp Oxford Trop Med Res C, Viangchan, Laos. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1052 BP 346 EP 346 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001475 ER PT J AU Johnson, BW Felices, V Cruz, C Guevara, C Olson, J Kochel, T AF Johnson, Barbara W. Felices, Vidal Cruz, Cristhopher Guevara, Carolina Olson, James Kochel, Tadeusz TI Phylogenetic analysis based on the envelope and NS5 nucleotide sequences of an Ilheus virus isolate from a febrile human patient in Ecuador SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, Barbara W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Felices, Vidal; Cruz, Cristhopher; Guevara, Carolina; Olson, James; Kochel, Tadeusz] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1075 BP 354 EP 354 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001498 ER PT J AU Schantz, PM Cianferoni, A Schneider, L Brown, D Fox, L AF Schantz, Peter M. Cianferoni, Antonella Schneider, Lynda Brown, Daniel Fox, Leanne TI Visceral larva migrans associated with ingestion of earthworm: Clinical evolution in an adolescent patient SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schantz, Peter M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cianferoni, Antonella; Schneider, Lynda; Brown, Daniel] Childrens Hosp, Div Immunol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Fox, Leanne] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1077 BP 354 EP 354 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001500 ER PT J AU Lescano, AG Garcia, HH Gilman, RH Guezala, MC Tsang, VCW Gavidia, CM Rodriguez, S Moulton, LH Green, JA Tacluiri, C Gonzalez, AE AF Lescano, Andres G. Garcia, Hector H. Gilman, Robert H. Guezala, M. Claudia Tsang, Victor C. W. Gavidia, Cesar M. Rodriguez, Silvia Moulton, Lawrence H. Green, Justin A. Tacluiri, Carmen Gonzalez, Armando E. TI Cysticercosis hotspots surrounding Taenia solium tapeworm carriers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lescano, Andres G.; Garcia, Hector H.; Tacluiri, Carmen] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Gilman, Robert H.; Moulton, Lawrence H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Guezala, M. Claudia; Gonzalez, Armando E.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Lima 14, Peru. [Tsang, Victor C. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rodriguez, Silvia] Inst Ciencias Neurol, Lima, Peru. [Green, Justin A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1080 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001503 ER PT J AU Bustos, JA Rodriguez, S Jimenez, J Lescano, AG Moyano, L Gonzalvez, G Allan, JC Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW Garcia, HH AF Bustos, Javier A. Rodriguez, Silvia Jimenez, Juan Lescano, Andres G. Moyano, Luz Gonzalvez, Guillermo Allan, James C. Gonzalez, Armando E. Gilman, Robert H. Tsang, Victor C. W. Garcia, Hector H. CA Cysticercosis Working Grp TI Coproantigen detection for early and accurate assessment of taeniasis treatment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bustos, Javier A.; Rodriguez, Silvia; Jimenez, Juan; Moyano, Luz; Gonzalvez, Guillermo; Garcia, Hector H.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. [Lescano, Andres G.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Fac Salud Publ & Adm, Lima, Peru. [Allan, James C.] Univ Salford, Dept Biol Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. [Lescano, Andres G.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. [Tsang, Victor C. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1081 BP 356 EP 356 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001504 ER PT J AU Jimenez, J Rodriguez, S Levine, MZ Zamora, H Castillo, Y Allan, J Gonzalez, AE Tsang, VW Gilman, RH Garcia, HH AF Jimenez, Juan Rodriguez, Silvia Levine, Min Z. Zamora, Humberto Castillo, Yesenia Allan, James Gonzalez, Armando E. Tsang, Victor W. Gilman, Robert H. Garcia, Hector H. CA Cysticercosis Working Grp TI Human taeniasis: Diagnosis and assessment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jimenez, Juan; Rodriguez, Silvia; Zamora, Humberto; Castillo, Yesenia; Gilman, Robert H.; Garcia, Hector H.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. [Levine, Min Z.; Tsang, Victor W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Allan, James] Univ Salford, Dept Biol Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. [Gonzalez, Armando E.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1082 BP 356 EP 356 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001505 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, ML Rodriguez, S Moyano, LM Gonzalvez, G Levine, M Tsang, VCW Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Allan, JC Zamora, H Taquiri, C Garcia, HH AF Rodriguez, Mary Luz Rodriguez, Silvia Moyano, Luz M. Gonzalvez, Guillermo Levine, Min Tsang, Victor C. W. Gonzalez, Armando E. Gilman, Robert H. Allan, James C. Zamora, Humberto Taquiri, Carmen Garcia, Hector H. CA Cysticercosis Working Grp TI Detection of Taenia solium taeniasis by microscopy, coproantigens and serology using a recombinant antigen SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rodriguez, Mary Luz; Rodriguez, Silvia; Moyano, Luz M.; Gonzalvez, Guillermo; Zamora, Humberto; Taquiri, Carmen; Garcia, Hector H.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. [Levine, Min; Tsang, Victor C. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gonzalez, Armando E.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. [Allan, James C.] Univ Salford, Dept Biol Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1083 BP 357 EP 357 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001506 ER PT J AU Cama, VA Ortega, YR Gilman, RH Cabrera, L Crawford, S Verastegul, M Garcia, HH Bern, C Xiao, LH AF Cama, Vitaliano A. Ortega, Ynes R. Gilman, Robert H. Cabrera, Lilia Crawford, Sara Verastegul, Manuela Garcia, Hector H. Bern, Caryn Xiao, Lihua TI Epidemiology of microsporidia in Peruvian children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cama, Vitaliano A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, AREF, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ortega, Ynes R.] Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. [Gilman, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Cabrera, Lilia; Verastegul, Manuela; Garcia, Hector H.] UPCH, Lima, Peru. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1097 BP 362 EP 362 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001520 ER PT J AU Komar, N Panella, NA Langevin, SA Brault, AC Amador, M Edwards, E Owen, JC AF Komar, N Panella, NA Langevin, SA Brault, AC Amador, M Edwards, E Owen, JC TI Avian hosts for West Nile Virus in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, 2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID BIRDS; MOSQUITOS; ENCEPHALITIS; COMPETENCE; INFECTION; OUTBREAK AB West Nile virus (WNV) infections in free-ranging birds were studied in Slidell, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, after a human encephalitis outbreak peaked there in July 2002. Seroprevalence in resident, free-ranging wild birds in one suburban site was 25% and 24% in August and October, respectively, indicating that most transmission had ceased by early August. Mortality rates, seroprevalence rates, host competence, and crude population estimates were used in mathematical models to predict actual infection rates, population impacts, and importance as amplifying hosts for several common passerine birds. Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus) were the principal amplifying hosts, but blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) and northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) also contributed. The blue jay population was reduced by an estimated 47%. A variety of passerine bird species combined to play an important role as amplifying hosts in the WNV transmission cycle. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Sci Biol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), CDC, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM nkomar@cdc.gov RI Owen, Jen/B-3148-2013 OI Owen, Jen/0000-0003-1383-4816 NR 21 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1031 EP 1037 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 998XT UT WOS:000234353900009 PM 16354808 ER PT J AU Adazu, K Lindblade, KA Rosen, DH Odhiambo, F Ofware, P Kwach, J van Eijk, AM Decock, KM Amornkul, P Karanja, D Vulule, JM Slutsker, L AF Adazu, K Lindblade, KA Rosen, DH Odhiambo, F Ofware, P Kwach, J van Eijk, AM Decock, KM Amornkul, P Karanja, D Vulule, JM Slutsker, L TI Health and demographic surveillance in rural western Kenya: A platform for evaluating interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TREATED BED NETS; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; POPULATION; EFFICACY; COHORT; SYSTEM; IMPACT; AREA AB We established a health and demographic surveillance system in a rural area of western Kenya to measure the burden of infectious diseases and evaluate public health interventions. After a baseline census, all 33,990 households were visited every four months. We collected data on educational attainment, socioeconomic status, pediatric outpatient visits, causes of death in children, and malaria transmission. The life expectancy at birth was 38 years, the infant mortality rate was 125 per 1000 live births, and the under-five mortality rate was 227 per 1,000 live births. The increased mortality rate in younger men and women suggests high human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related mortality in the population. Of 5,879 sick child visits, the most frequent diagnosis was malaria (71.5%). Verbal autopsy results for 661 child deaths (1 month to < 12 years) implicated malaria (28.9%) and anemia (t9.8%) as the most common causes of death in children. These data will provide a basis for generating further research questions, developing targeted interventions, and evaluating their impact. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Program, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Adazu, K (reprint author), AE Guatemala Unit, 3321, APO, AA 34024 USA. EM kil2@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1158 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 998XT UT WOS:000234353900030 PM 16354829 ER PT J AU Xia, Y McGuffey, JE Bhattacharyya, S Sellergren, B Yimaz, E Wang, LQ Bernert, JT AF Xia, Y McGuffey, JE Bhattacharyya, S Sellergren, B Yimaz, E Wang, LQ Bernert, JT TI Analysis of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methyinitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in urine by extraction on a molecularly imprinted polymer column and liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LUNG CARCINOGEN 4-(METHYLNITROSAMINO)-1-(3-PYRIDYL)-1-BUTANONE; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SMOKERS URINE; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; METABOLITES AB The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) is present in the urine of tobacco users and, at lower concentrations, in the urine of nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke. NNAL is a valuable biomarker of human exposure to the carcinogenic nitrosamines in tobacco and tobacco smoke, but its presence at low concentrations in urine requires sensitive and often complex analytic procedures. In this report, we describe the development of an efficient method for the analysis of NNAL in human urine using liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) combined with a novel sample cleanup based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) column developed specifically for this assay. Our results suggest that this combination of MIP column extraction and ILC/MS/MS can provide a sensitive and relatively simple analytical method suitable for application to epidemiologic investigations of health risks associated with the exposure to tobacco smoke or SHS in both smokers and nonsmokers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. MIP Technol AB, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden. RP Bernert, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jtb2@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 66 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 23 BP 7639 EP 7645 DI 10.1021/ac058027u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 991BA UT WOS:000233785900028 PM 16316171 ER PT J AU Arbaji, A Kharabsheh, S Al-Azab, S Al-Kayed, M Amr, ZS Abu Baker, M Chu, MC AF Arbaji, A Kharabsheh, S Al-Azab, S Al-Kayed, M Amr, ZS Abu Baker, M Chu, MC TI A 12-case outbreak of pharyngeal plague following the consumption of camel meat, in north-eastern Jordan SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATS AB Between late January and early February 1997, an outbreak of plague, associated with cervical lymphadenopathy and fever, occurred in the Jordanian village of Azraq ad-Druze, which lies about 50 km west of the border with Saudi Arabia. The 12 cases who presented at hospital were initially assumed to have tularaemia, and all were successfully treated with gentamicin. When, however, their sera were tested for evidence of Yersinia pestis or Francisella tularensis infection (using haemagglutination, enzyme immuno-assays for specific IgM or the F1 antigen of Y. pestis, and micro-agglutination tests), all 12 were found to have anti-Y. pestis IgM. Three dogs shot near the Saudi Arabian border were also found seropositive for antibodies against Y. pestis. Eleven of the 12 patients reported that, 2 - 4 days before their symptoms appeared, they had eaten the meat cut from the carcass of the same camel, either raw (10 cases) or cooked (one case). All 12 patients were diagnosed as cases of pharyngeal plague (the first cases of plague reported in Jordan for more than 80 years), caused by Y. pestis that most had acquired when they ate raw meat from a camel that was infected with the pathogen. C1 Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Irbid, Jordan. Minist Hlth, Amman, Jordan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Amr, ZS (reprint author), Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, POB 3030, Irbid, Jordan. EM amrz@just.edu.jo NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 99 IS 8 BP 789 EP 793 DI 10.1179/136485905X65161 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 991JF UT WOS:000233808700008 PM 16297292 ER PT J AU Marston, CK Hoffmaster, AR Wilson, KE Bragg, SL Plikaytis, B Brachman, P Johnson, S Kaufmann, AF Popovic, T AF Marston, CK Hoffmaster, AR Wilson, KE Bragg, SL Plikaytis, B Brachman, P Johnson, S Kaufmann, AF Popovic, T TI Effects of long-term storage on plasmid stability in Bacillus anthracis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PRESERVATION AB The plasmid profiles of 619 cultures of Bacillus anthracis which had been isolated and stored between 1954 and 1989 were analyzed using the Laboratory Response Network real-time PCR assay targeting a chromosomal marker and both virulence plasmids (pXO1 and pXO2). The cultures were stored at ambient temperature on tryptic soy agar slants overlaid with mineral oil. When data were stratified by decade, there was a decreasing linear trend in the proportion of strains containing both plasmids with increased storage time (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of strains containing only pXO1 or strains containing only pXO2 (P = 0.25), but there was a statistical interdependence between the two plasmids (P = 0.004). Loss of viability of B. anthracis cultures stored on agar slants is also discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Marston, CK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdk5@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 BP 7778 EP 7780 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.12.7778-7780.2005 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 999VB UT WOS:000234417600016 PM 16332750 ER PT J AU Dong, MX Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Williamson, DF Dube, SR Brown, DW Giles, WH AF Dong, MX Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Williamson, DF Dube, SR Brown, DW Giles, WH TI Childhood residential mobility and multiple health risks during adolescence and adulthood - The hidden role of adverse childhood experiences SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; GEOGRAPHIC-MOBILITY; FAMILY-STRUCTURE; TEEN PREGNANCY; ALCOHOL-ABUSE; SEXUAL ABUSE; DRUG-USE; NEGLECT; IMPACT; CHILDREN AB Background: Throughout US history, US society has been characterized by its high degree of residential mobility. Previous data suggest a relationship between mobility and increased health risk, but this relationship might be confounded by unmeasured adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Objectives: To examine the relationship of childhood residential mobility to health problems during adolescence and adulthood and to determine how much these apparent relationships may result from underlying ACEs. Design, Setting, and Participants: Retrospective cohort study of 8116 adults who completed a survey that included childhood residential mobility, ACEs (childhood abuse, childhood neglect, and household dysfunction), and multiple health problems. Main Outcome Measures: Number of childhood residential moves and number of ACEs (ACE score) were assessed for relationships to depressed affect, attempted suicide, alcoholism, smoking, early sexual initiation, and teenaged pregnancy. Results: After adjustment for demographic variables, the risk of high residential mobility during childhood ( >= 8 moves) was 1.7- to 3.1-fold for each ACE, and increased with the number of ACEs. Compared with respondents who never moved, the odds of health risk for respondents with high mobility during childhood ranged from 1.3 (for smoking) to 2.5 (for suicide). However, when the number of ACEs was entered into multivariate models, the relationship between mobility and health problems was greatly reduced. Conclusions: Adverse childhood experiences are strongly associated with frequent residential mobility. Moreover, the apparent relationship between childhood mobility and various health risks is largely explained by ACEs. Thus, previous studies showing a relationship between residential mobility and negative outcomes were likely confounded by unmeasured ACEs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. RP Dong, MX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mfd7@cdc.gov FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-44-10/11] NR 49 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 159 IS 12 BP 1104 EP 1110 DI 10.1001/archpedi.159.12.1104 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 990FB UT WOS:000233727500003 PM 16330731 ER PT J AU Zhou, FJ Santoli, J Messonnier, ML Yusuf, HR Shefer, A Chu, SY Rodewald, L Harpaz, R AF Zhou, FJ Santoli, J Messonnier, ML Yusuf, HR Shefer, A Chu, SY Rodewald, L Harpaz, R TI Economic evaluation of the 7-vaccine routine childhood immunization schedule in the United States, 2001 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; BENEFIT-COST-ANALYSIS; VARICELLA VACCINATION PROGRAM; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; CONJUGATE VACCINATION; MEASLES IMMUNIZATION; POSTPOLIO SYNDROME; SOCIETAL COSTS AB Objective: To evaluate the economic impact of the routine US childhood immunization schedule: diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis; tetanus and diphtheria toxoids; Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate; inactivated poliovirus; measles, mumps, and rubella; hepatitis B; and varicella vaccines. Design: Decision tree-based analysis was conducted using population-based vaccination coverage, published vaccine efficacies, historical data on disease incidence before vaccination, and disease incidence reported for 1995-2001. Costs were estimated using the direct cost and societal (direct and indirect costs) perspectives. Program costs included vaccine, administration, vaccine-associated adverse events, and parent travel and time lost. All costs were inflated to 2001 US dollars, and all costs and benefits in the future were discounted at a 3% annual rate. Participants: A hypothetical 2001 US birth cohort of 3 803 295 infants was followed up from birth through death. Main Outcome Measures: Net present value (net savings) and benefit-cost ratios of routine immunization. Results: Routine childhood immunization with the 7 vaccines was cost saving from the direct cost and societal perspectives, with net savings of $9.9 billion and $43.3 billion, respectively. Without routine vaccination, direct and societal costs of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, H influenzae type b, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, hepatitis B, and varicella would be $12.3 billion and $46.6 billion, respectively. Direct and societal costs for the vaccination program were an estimated $2.3 billion and $2.8 billion, respectively. Direct and societal benefit-cost ratios for routine childhood vaccination were 5.3 and 16.5, respectively. Conclusion: Regardless of the perspective, the current routine childhood immunization schedule results in substantial cost savings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zhou, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM faz1@cdc.gov NR 94 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 159 IS 12 BP 1136 EP 1144 DI 10.1001/archpedi.159.12.1136 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 990FB UT WOS:000233727500009 PM 16330737 ER PT J AU Beck, JD Eke, P Lin, DM Madianos, P Couper, D Moss, K Elter, J Heiss, G Offenbacher, S AF Beck, JD Eke, P Lin, DM Madianos, P Couper, D Moss, K Elter, J Heiss, G Offenbacher, S TI Associations between IgG antibody to oral organisms and carotid intima-medial thickness in community-dwelling adults SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE antibodies; atherosclerosis; epidemiology; risk factors; periodontal disease; smoking ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ARTERIAL-WALL THICKNESS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; SERUM ANTIBODY; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; STROKE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Aims: The aims of this study are to describe the relationships between IgG antibodies to 17 oral organisms and atherosclerosis as indexed by carotid intima-medial wall thickness (IMT) and to evaluate the role of smoking. Methods and results: Our study is based on a subset of participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, who received a complete periodontal examination during visit 4 (1996-1998). The Outcome was mean carotid IMT >= 1 mm assessed by B-mode ultrasound. The exposures were serum IgG antibody levels against 17 periodontal organisms using a whole bacterial checkerboard immunoblotting technique. Evaluation of all 17 antibodies indicated that antibody to Campylobacter rectus resulted in the best-fitting model (OR = 2.3, 95% Cl = 1.83-2.84) and individuals with both high C. rectus and Peptostreptococcus micros titers had almost twice the prevalence of IMT >= 1 mm than those with only a high C. rectus antibody (8.3% versus 16.3%). Stratification by smoking indicated that all microbial models significant for smokers were also significant for never smokers except for Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.08). Conclusions: This is the first study to report a relationship between IgG antibody reactive to oral organisms and subclinical atherosclerosis with significant relationships evident in both ever and never smokers. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Dent Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Periodontol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Dent Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Beck, JD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Dent Ecol, CB 7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM James_Beck@unc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021]; NIDCR NIH HHS [R01-DE11551] NR 29 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD DEC PY 2005 VL 183 IS 2 BP 342 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.017 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 989SV UT WOS:000233695000020 PM 15893320 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Williamson, JM AF Wang, ML Williamson, JM TI Generalization of the Mantel-Haenszel estimating function for sparse clustered binary data SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE composite likelihood; correlation; estimating function; Mantel-Haenszel estimator; nuisance; semiparametric; sparse clustered data ID CONDITIONAL LIKELIHOOD; LONGITUDINAL DATA; MODELS; INFERENCE; DESIGNS; FAMILY AB We extend the Mantel-Haenszel estimating function to estimate both the intra-cluster pairwise correlation and the main effects for sparse clustered binary data. We propose both a composite likelihood approach and an estimating function approach for the analysis of such data. The proposed estimators are consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. Simulation results demonstrate that the two approaches are comparable in terms of bias and efficiency; however, the estimating equation approach is computationally simpler. Analysis of the Georgia High Blood Pressure survey is used for illustration. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mwang@jimmy.harvard.edu NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 2005 VL 61 IS 4 BP 973 EP 981 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00362.x PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 994WP UT WOS:000234062200014 PM 16401270 ER PT J AU Eaker, S Dickman, PW Hellstrom, V Zack, MM Ahlgren, J Holmberg, L AF Eaker, S Dickman, PW Hellstrom, V Zack, MM Ahlgren, J Holmberg, L CA UppsalaOrebro Breast Canc Grp TI Regional differences in breast cancer survival despite common guidelines SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID DELAY; CARE; REGRESSION; CARCINOMA; DIAGNOSIS AB Purpose: Despite a uniform regional breast cancer care program, breast cancer survival differs within regions. We therefore examined breast cancer survival in relation to differences in diagnostic activity, tumor characteristics, and treatment in seven Swedish counties within a single health care region. Methods: We conducted a population-based observational study using a clinical breast cancer register in one Swedish health care region. Eligible women (n = 7,656) ages 40 to 69 years diagnosed with primary breast cancer between 1992 and 2002 were followed up until 2003. The 7-year relative survival ratio was used to estimate breast cancer survival. Excess mortality was modeled using Poisson regression to study differences in survival between counties. Results: The 7-year relative survival for breast cancer patients was significantly lower (up to 7% in absolute risk difference) in one county (county A) compared with the others. This difference existed only among women diagnosed before 1998, ages 50 to 59 years, and was strongest among stage 11 breast cancer patients. Adjustment for amount of diagnostic activity eliminated the survival differences among the counties. The amount of diagnostic activity was also lower in county A during the same time period. After county A, during 1997-1998, began to adhere strictly to the regional breast cancer care program, neither any survival differences nor diagnostic activity differences were observed. Interpretations: Markers of diagnostic activity explained survival differences within our region, and the underlying mechanisms may be several. Low diagnostic activity may entail later diagnosis or inadequate characterization of the tumor and thereby missed treatment opportunities. Strengthening of multidisciplinary management of breast cancer can improve survival. C1 Univ Uppsala Hosp, Dept Surg, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. Reg Oncol Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Control, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Gavle Cent Hosp, Dept Oncol, Gavle, Sweden. Clin Res Ctr, Gavleborg, Sweden. RP Eaker, S (reprint author), Univ Uppsala Hosp, Dept Surg, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. EM sonja.eaker@roc.se RI Dickman, Paul/B-4572-2013 OI Dickman, Paul/0000-0002-5788-3380 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2914 EP 2918 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0317 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 994UB UT WOS:000234055600015 PM 16365009 ER PT J AU De Roos, AJ Hartge, P Lubin, JH Colt, JS Davis, S Cerhan, JR Severson, RK Cozen, W Patterson, DG Needham, LL Rothman, N AF De Roos, AJ Hartge, P Lubin, JH Colt, JS Davis, S Cerhan, JR Severson, RK Cozen, W Patterson, DG Needham, LL Rothman, N TI Persistent organochlorine chemicals in plasma and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PHENOXY HERBICIDES; MALIGNANT-DISEASE; CANCER MORTALITY; YU-CHENG; SERUM; EXPOSURE; YUSHO; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) have been suspected as possible contributors to increasing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence during the latter half of the 20th century based on their toxicologic properties and provocative epidemiologic reports. We investigated PCBs and other organochlorines and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a population-based case-control study in the United States. Congeners of PCBs (including coplanar congeners), dioxins, furans and pesticides or pesticide metabolites were measured in plasma of 100 untreated cases and 100 control subjects. We used a multiple imputation procedure to fill in missing values of levels determined to be below the detection limits. Risks of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with each analyte were estimated using conditional logistic regression for the continuous measure, exposure quartiles, trend across quartile categories, and exposures above the 95th percentile. Certain PCB congeners were associated with increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including coplanar PCBs 156, 180, and 194, with odds ratios for the highest versus lowest quartile ranging from 2.7 to 3.5, and significant trends. Each of the furan congeners was associated with risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as were total furans, with 3.5-fold increased risk for the highest versus lowest quartile and a significant trend across quartiles (P = 0.006). The toxic equivalency quotient (TEQ), a summed metric that weights congeners by their dioxin-like potency, was associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, with 35% increased risk per 10 TEQ pg/g lipid (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.79). Our results add to existing literature, which suggests that exposure to organochlorines contributes to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma risk; these risks were most apparent for certain PCBs and furans. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Family Med, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP De Roos, AJ (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1100 Fairview Ave N,Bldg M,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM aderoos@fhcrc.org OI Cerhan, James/0000-0002-7482-178X FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [N01-PC-67009, N01-CN-67008, N01-CN-67010, N01-PC-65064, Y1-CP-8028-02] NR 44 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 65 IS 23 BP 11214 EP 11226 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1755 PG 13 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 987HE UT WOS:000233508200070 PM 16322272 ER PT J AU Ashley, DL AF Ashley, DL TI Properties that alter the levels of carcinogenic compounds in tobacco and tobacco smoke. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the Division of Chemical Toxicology of the American-Chemical-Society held at the 230th National Meeting of the ACS CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dla1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 18 IS 12 MA 32 BP 1973 EP 1973 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 004XY UT WOS:000234787200051 ER PT J AU Kurkjian, KM Vaz, LE Haque, R Cetre-Sossah, C Akhter, S Roy, S Steurer, F Amann, J Ali, M Chowdhury, R Wagatsuma, Y Williamson, J Crawford, S Breiman, RF Maguire, JH Bern, C Secor, WE AF Kurkjian, KM Vaz, LE Haque, R Cetre-Sossah, C Akhter, S Roy, S Steurer, F Amann, J Ali, M Chowdhury, R Wagatsuma, Y Williamson, J Crawford, S Breiman, RF Maguire, JH Bern, C Secor, WE TI Application of an improved method for the recombinant K39 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect visceral leishmaniasis disease and infection in Bangladesh SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIRECT AGGLUTINATION-TEST; KALA-AZAR; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGEN; RISK AB Several serology-based immunoassays are used to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a chronic protozoan parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania donovani complex. These tests are primarily designed to diagnose the most severe clinical form of VL, known as kala-azar. However, leishmanial infection is frequently asymptomatic and may manifest only as a positive serologic response or positive leishmanin skin test. We modified a previously described enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects patient antibodies reactive with the recombinant Leishmania protein K39 (rK39) to confirm suspected kala-azar and to detect asymptomatic infection in a community study in Bangladesh. With the inclusion of a standard curve on each ELISA plate, the rK39 ELISA was more repeatable (kappa coefficient of agreement = 0.970) and more reliable compared to the original method (kappa = 0.587, P < 0.001). The cutoff point for a positive antibody response was chosen based on the 99th percentile of the ELISA distribution for the negative-control sera. However, we found that sera from all patients with active kala-czar yielded values more than twice the magnitude of this cutoff. Using receiver-operator characteristic curves, we determined a second cutoff value predictive of kala-azar. Using these criteria, the sensitivity and specificity of the modified ELISA for kala-azar were 97.0% and 98.9%, respectively, for sera from our study population. We hypothesize that individuals with antibody levels greater than the 99th percentile of the negative controls but less than the cutoff point for kala-azar have asymptomatic leishmanial infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Parasit Dis Branch,Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Hum, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Parasit Dis Branch,Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Hum, Mailstop F-13,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM WSecor@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1410 EP 1415 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.12.1410-1415.2005 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 994WH UT WOS:000234061400009 PM 16339064 ER PT J AU Pattanapanyasat, K Lerdwana, S Noulsri, E Chaowanachan, T Wasinrapee, P Sakulploy, N Pobkeeree, V Suksripanich, O Thanprasertsuk, S Spira, TJ Tappero, JW Levine, WC AF Pattanapanyasat, K Lerdwana, S Noulsri, E Chaowanachan, T Wasinrapee, P Sakulploy, N Pobkeeree, V Suksripanich, O Thanprasertsuk, S Spira, TJ Tappero, JW Levine, WC TI Evaluation of a new single-parameter volumetric flow cytometer (CyFlow(green)) for enumeration of absolute CD4(+) T lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected Thai patients SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL COUNTS; BLOOD; NUMBERS; SAMPLES; SYSTEM; ASSAY; HIV AB Use of the standard dual-platform flow cytometric method for determination of CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts, which needs both a flow cytometer (FCM) and hematological analyzer, would inevitably lead to increased variability. The development of new single-platform (SP) FCMs that provide direct CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts for improved assay precision and accuracy have recently attracted attention. This study evaluated one of those systems, CyFlow(green) (Partec), a single-parameter SP volumetric FCM. The performance of CyFlow(green) was compared with those of two reference standard SP microbead-based technologies of the three-color TruCOUNT tube with the FACScan FCM and a two-color FACSCount system (Becton Dickinson Biosciences). Absolute CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocyte counts in 200 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive blood specimens were determined. Statistical analysis for correlation and agreement were performed. A high correlation of absolute CD4 counts was shown when those obtained with CyFlow(green) were compared with those obtained with the bead-based three-color TruCOUNT system (R-2 = 0.96; mean bias, -69.1 cells/mu l; 95% confidence interval [CI], -225.7 to +87.5 cells/mu l) and the FACSCount system (R-2 = 0.97; mean bias, -40.0 cells/mu l; 95% CI, -165.1 to +85.1 cells/mu l). The correlation of the CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts obtained by the two bead-based systems was high (R-2 = 0.98). Interestingly, CyFlow(green) yielded CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts that were 21.8 and 7.2 cells/mu l lower than those obtained with the TruCOUNT and the FACSCount systems, respectively, when CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were < 250 CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts/mu l range or 17.3 and 5.8 cells/mu l less, respectively, when CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts were < 200 cells/mu l. The single-parameter CyFlow(green) volumetric technology performed well in comparison with the performance of the standard SP bead-based FCM system. However, a multicenter comparative study is needed before this FCM machine is implemented in resource-limited settings. C1 Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Off Res & Dev,Ctr Excellence Flow Cytometry, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Bur AIDS TB & STIs, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pattanapanyasat, K (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Off Res & Dev,Ctr Excellence Flow Cytometry, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. EM grkpy@mahidol.ac.th FU PHS HHS [NIH02]; SAMHSA HHS [DOA02] NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1416 EP 1424 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.12.1416-1424.2005 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 994WH UT WOS:000234061400010 PM 16339065 ER PT J AU Fazili, Z Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, M Jain, R AF Fazili, Z Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, M Jain, R TI Erythrocyte folate extraction and quantitative determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Comparison of results with microbiologic assay SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-BLOOD FOLATE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMMON MUTATION; REDUCTASE GENE; SERUM; PROTOCOL; PLASMA; CELLS AB Background: Erythrocyte folate analysis is an important diagnostic tool to establish folate status or screen for folate deficiency. Methods: We evaluated conditions that influence the complete hemolysis and deconjugation of folate polyglutamates to folate monoglutamates (FMGs) from whole blood (WB). WB samples were hemolyzed in 10 g/L ascorbic acid at various temperatures (room temperature, 30 degrees C, and 37 degrees C; n = 15) or hemolysate PH values (PH 4.0, 4.7, 5.2; n = 11) and incubated up to 6 h. FMGs and folate diglutamates (FDGs) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/ MS) and total folate (TF) by microbiologic assay. We investigated delaying hemolysis by freezing WB for 10 days (n = 20). Results: Hemolysates frozen immediately after preparation contained 22%-27% FDGs, depending on hemolysate PH. The proportion of FDGs decreased to <3% after incubation at PH 4.7/37 degrees C for 3 h and did not significantly change on extended incubation up to 5 h. Shortterm delayed hemolysis of WB produced results indislinguishable from those of immediate hemolysis. TF ie ults obtained by the microbiologic assay were not different across incubation conditions and agreed with the slum, of FMGs and FDGs by LUMS/MS. The difference between the 2 methods was an insignificant 3% for PH 4.7/37 OC for 3 h. Conclusions: Hemolysate incubation up to 2 h at 37 OC is not adequate for full polyglutamate deconjugation. We obtained the highest yield of FMGs with lowest FDG concentrations at PH 4.7/37 degrees C for 3 h. Delaying hemolysis of WB for several days had no negative effect on measurable folate for presumed MTHFR C/C genotype samples. (c) 2005 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CPfeiffer@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2318 EP 2325 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2005.053801 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 987QV UT WOS:000233533300016 PM 16214826 ER PT J AU Sanchez, TH Brooks, JT Sullivan, PS Juhasz, M Mintz, E Dworkin, MS Jones, JL AF Sanchez, TH Brooks, JT Sullivan, PS Juhasz, M Mintz, E Dworkin, MS Jones, JL CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis TI Bacterial diarrhea in persons with HIV infection, United States, 1992-2002 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background. To describe trends in bacterial diarrhea among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons during 1992-2002, we examined data from a longitudinal record review study of persons with HIV infection who were receiving medical care in 1100 medical facilities in 9 major United States cities. Methods. An analysis was performed using data from 44,778 persons who were followed up for a mean of 2.6 years. We calculated incidence rates and rate ratios for bacterial diarrhea, by stage of HIV disease, and determined odds ratios (ORs) to compare bacterial diarrhea diagnosis in 2002 versus 1992. Results. The mean annual incidence of bacterial diarrhea was 7.2 cases per 1000 person-years. The incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, the most common bacterial cause of diarrhea, was 4.1 cases per 1000 person-years. Compared with persons without AIDS, persons with AIDS were more likely to have bacterial diarrhea ( incidence rate ratio, 1.3-9.9, varying by clinical versus immunologic AIDS and type of bacterial diarrhea). Between 1992 and 2002, the overall rate of bacterial diarrhea in persons with clinical AIDS decreased (OR, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-0.6). During the same period, bacterial diarrhea rates among other persons in the analysis did not significantly change. Conclusions. C. difficile is the most common recognized cause of bacterial diarrhea among persons infected with HIV. The risk for bacterial diarrhea increases with increased severity of HIV disease. Health care professionals should be aware that patients with AIDS are at increased risk for bacterial diarrhea, and they should reinforce recommendations for decreasing the chances of acquiring bacterial diarrhea. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sanchez, TH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,M-S E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM TSanchez@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 39 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1621 EP 1627 DI 10.1086/498027 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 980KY UT WOS:000233018600012 PM 16267735 ER PT J AU Compton, MT Cibulas, BK Gard, B Kaslow, NJ Kotwicki, RJ Reissman, DB Schor, L Wetterhall, S AF Compton, MT Cibulas, BK Gard, B Kaslow, NJ Kotwicki, RJ Reissman, DB Schor, L Wetterhall, S TI Incorporating community mental health into local bioterrorism response planning: Experiences from the DeKalb County Board of Health SO COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE disaster response; bioterrorism; interdisciplinary community mental health services ID TERRORIST ATTACKS; NEW-YORK; SEPTEMBER-11; CITY AB Following a brief introduction to response planning for terrorism and other disasters, the authors present their experiences in developing a grassroots, interdisciplinary group charged with incorporating a mental health response component into the bioterrorism response plan for the metropolitan Atlanta area. This group was organized and supported by the Center for Public Health Preparedness at the DeKalb County Board of Health. Various viewpoints of key participating agencies are presented. Recommendations are provided for other localities and stakeholders who plan to incorporate a community mental health component into local disaster response plans. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Grady Mem Hosp, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. DeKalb Community Serv Board, De Kalb, IL USA. Amer Red Cross, Georgia Psychol Assoc, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. DeKalb Cty Board Hlth, De Kalb, IL USA. RP Compton, MT (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Grady Mem Hosp, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Box 26238,80 Jesse Hill Jr Dr SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM Michael.Compton@emory.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0010-3853 J9 COMMUNITY MENT HLT J JI Community Ment. Health J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP 647 EP 663 DI 10.1007/s10597-005-8846-5 PG 17 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 993CT UT WOS:000233931000003 PM 16328580 ER PT J AU Williams, AM Barefield, SJ Carter, ER Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Tate, MK AF Williams, AM Barefield, SJ Carter, ER Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Tate, MK TI Adaptation of Plasmodium vivax to growth in owl monkeys (Aotus nancymai) SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BANDING-PATTERNS; NIGHT MONKEYS; CEBIDAE; TRIVIRGATUS; POPULATION; INFECTIONS; FALCIPARUM; MALARIA; PRIMATES; STRAIN AB The purpose of this study was reactivation and adaptation of a strain of Plasmodium vivax to Aotus nancymai monkeys. A need arose for malarial parasites for use in serologic and molecular studies and for teaching slides. This particular strain of parasite had been characterized previously as producing high-density parasitemia in splenectomized New World monkeys and therefore represented a good candidate for reactivation. P. vivax (Vietnam II), isolated in 1970, was reactivated after adaptation in Aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys nearly 33 years earlier and adapted to A. nancymai monkeys. Passage was achieved by intravenous inoculation of parasite blood stages into splenectomized A. nancymai monkeys. Parasitemia was determined by analyzing daily blood smears stained with Giemsa. Maximum parasite counts ranged from 10,630 to 94,000 parasites/mu l; the mean maximum parasite count for the four animals was 39,565 parasites/mu l. Parasite counts of > 10,000/mu l were maintained for 2 to 64 days. After only three passages of the parasite, attempts to reactive were successful. A nancymai proved a suitable animal model for the recovery of this parasite. In conclusion, successful reactivation and adaptation of this parasite offers the capability to perform a series of diagnostic, immunologic, and molecular studies as well as to provide otherwise potentially unavailable teaching materials to healthcare professionals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Anim Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, Off Biodef Res Affairs, Div Microbiol & Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Chamblee, GA USA. RP Williams, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Anim Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 55 IS 6 BP 528 EP 532 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 002CR UT WOS:000234589500007 PM 16422149 ER PT J AU Brown, AF Gregg, EW Stevens, MR Karter, A Weinberger, M Safford, MM Gary, TL Caputo, DA Waitzfelder, B Kim, C Beckles, GL AF Brown, AF Gregg, EW Stevens, MR Karter, A Weinberger, M Safford, MM Gary, TL Caputo, DA Waitzfelder, B Kim, C Beckles, GL TI Race, ethnicity, socioeconomic position, and quality of care for adults with diabetes enrolled in managed care: the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; RACIAL/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; US ADULTS; POPULATION; DISPARITIES; MORTALITY; RETINOPATHY; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVE - To examine racial/ethnic and socioeconomic variation in diabetes care in managed-care settings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We studied 7,456 adults enrolled in health plans participating in the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes study, a six-center cohort study of diabetes in managed care. Cross-sectional analyses using hierarchical regression models assessed processes of care (HbA(1C) [A1C], lipid, and proteinuria assessment; foot and dilated eye examinations; use or advice to use aspirin-, and influenza vaccination) and intermediate health outcomes (A1C, LDL, and blood pressure control). RESULTS - Most quality indicators and intermediate outcomes were comparable across race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position (SEP). Latinos and Asians/Pacific Islanders had similar or better processes and intermediate outcomes than whites with the exception of slightly higher A1C levels. Compared with whites, African Americans had lower rates of A1C and LDL measurement and influenza vaccination, higher rates of foot and dilated eye examinations, and the poorest blood pressure and lipid control. The main SEP difference was lower rates of dilated eye examinations among poorer and less educated individuals. In almost all instances, racial/ethnic minorities or low SEP participants with poor glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control received similar or more appropriate intensification of therapy relative to whites or those with higher SEP. CONCLUSIONS - In these managed-care settings, minority race/ethnicity was not consistently associated With worse processes or outcomes, and not all differences favored whites. The only notable SEP disparity was in rates of dilated eye examinations. Social disparities in health may be reduced in managed-care settings. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Durham VAMC, Ctr Hlth Serv Res Primary Care, Durham, NC USA. Birmingham VA Med Ctr, Deep S Ctr Effectiveness, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Brown, AF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM abrown@mednet.ucla.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 02004] NR 44 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2005 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2864 EP 2870 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.12.2864 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 988HJ UT WOS:000233583500008 PM 16306546 ER PT J AU Liu, S Song, Y Ford, ES Manson, JE Buring, JE Ridker, PM AF Liu, S Song, Y Ford, ES Manson, JE Buring, JE Ridker, PM TI Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older US women SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; D DEFICIENCY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D; HEART-DISEASE; SECRETION; CONSUMPTION; RISK AB OBJECTIVE - To examine whether and to what extent intakes of calcium and vitamin D are related to the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged or older women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We analyzed data from 10,066 women aged >= 45 years participating in the Women's Health Study who were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes and who never used postmenopausal hormones. We used multiple logistic regression models to estimate multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs comparing different dietary intake levels of calcium and vitamin D. RESULTS - in age- and calorie-adjusted analyses, higher intakes of total, dietary, and supplemental calcium were significantly and inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. After further adjusting for smoking status, exercise, alcohol intake, multivitamin use, and parental history of myocardial infarction before age 60 years, the ORs of having the metabolic syndrome for increasing quintiles of total calcium intake were 1.00 (reference), 0.82 (95% CI 0.70-0.97), 0.84 (0.71-0.99), 0.70 (0.59-0.83), and 0.64 (0.54-0.77) (P for trend <0.0001). This association was not appreciably altered by additional adjustment for other dietary factors or total vitamin D intake. In contrast, neither total (P for trend = 0.13) nor supplemental (P for trend = 0.45) vitamin D was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. Dietary Vitamin D was inversely associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome but was not independent of total calcium intake. Similar strong relations between intakes of dairy products and metabolic syndrome were also observed. After adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors, the multivariable ORs comparing highest with lowest intake categories were 0.66 (0.55-0.80) (P for trend <0.0001) for total dairy products and 0.85 (0.71-1.02) (P for trend = 0.05) for total milk intake. CONCLUSIONS - Our results indicate that intakes of calcium and dairy products may be associated with lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older women. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Liu, S (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, 900 Commonwealth Ave E, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM siminliu@ucla.edu RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 47988]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 43851]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 66401] NR 32 TC 231 Z9 248 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2005 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2926 EP 2932 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.12.2926 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 988HJ UT WOS:000233583500018 PM 16306556 ER PT J AU Rutta, E Williams, H Mwansasu, A Mung'ong'o, F Burke, H Gongo, R Veneranda, R Qassim, M AF Rutta, E Williams, H Mwansasu, A Mung'ong'o, F Burke, H Gongo, R Veneranda, R Qassim, M TI Refugee perceptions of the quality of healthcare: findings from a participatory assessment in Ngara, Tanzania SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Burundian and Rwandan refugees; healthcare service; participatory assessment; perceptions; Tanzania ID COMPLEX EMERGENCIES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CONFLICT; EXPERIENCE; APPRAISAL; NEED; AID AB This article describes the findings of a participatory assessment of Burundian and Rwandan refugees' perceptions of the quality of health services in camps in Ngara, Tanzania. Taking a beneficiary-centred approach, it examines a collaborative effort by several agencies to develop a generic field guide to analyse refugees' views of healthcare services. The objective was to gather information that would contribute to significant improvements in the care offered in the camps. Although the primary focus was on healthcare, several broader questions considered other general apprehensions that might influence the way refugees perceive their healthcare. Findings indicated that while refugees in Ngara were generally satisfied with the quality of healthcare provided and healthcare promotion activities, recognition of some key refugee concerns would assist healthcare providers in enhancing services. With increasing need for refugee community participation in evaluating humanitarian assistance, this assessment has relevance both in the context of Ngara and beyond. C1 Norwegian Peoples Aid, Ngara, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. UNHCR, Kigoma, Tanzania. RP Rutta, E (reprint author), 8124 Prescott Dr, Vienna, VA 22180 USA. EM erutta@msh.org NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 4 BP 291 EP 309 DI 10.1111/j.0361-3666.2005.00293.x PG 19 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 982EJ UT WOS:000233140400001 PM 16277641 ER PT J AU Morata, TC Themann, CL Randolph, RF Verbsky, BL Byrne, DC Reeves, ER AF Morata, TC Themann, CL Randolph, RF Verbsky, BL Byrne, DC Reeves, ER TI Working in noise with a hearing loss: Perceptions from workers, supervisors, and hearing conservation program managers SO EAR AND HEARING LA English DT Article ID HARD-OF-HEARING; FOCUS GROUPS; PROTECTION; ACCOMMODATIONS; DEAF AB Objective: Workers with hearing loss face special problems, especially when working in noise. However, conventional hearing conservation practices do not distinguish between workers with normal hearing versus impaired hearing. This study collected information from workers with self-reported noise exposure and hearing loss, supervisors of such workers, and hearing conservation program managers through focus groups and in-depth interviews to evaluate their perspectives on the impact of hearing loss on safety and job performance, the use of hearing protection, and information needed to appropriately manage hearing-impaired workers who work in noisy environments. Results: Concerns about working in noise with a hearing loss could be grouped into the following 10 categories: impact on job performance, impact on job safety, impaired ability to hear warning signals, impaired ability to monitor equipment, interference with communication, stress and/or fatigue, impaired communication caused by hearing protector use, reduced ability to monitor the environment as the result of hearing protector use, concerns about future quality of life, and concerns about future employability. Mostly, there was an agreement between the perceptions of workers, supervisors, and hearing conservation program managers regarding difficulties associated with hearing loss and consequent needs. These findings suggest that noise-exposed workers with hearing loss face many of the same problems reported in the literature by noise-exposed workers with normal hearing, with additional concerns primarily about job safety as the result of a reduced ability to hear environmental sounds, warning signals, and so forth. Conclusions: The study outlines potential challenges regarding job safety and hearing conservation practices for noise-exposed, hearing-impaired workers. Awareness of these issues is a necessary first step toward providing appropriate protective measures for noise-exposed, hearing-impaired workers. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Morata, TC (reprint author), 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop C-27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM tmorata@cdc.gov RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009; Byrne, David/A-7679-2009; Legarth, Jonas/A-9156-2012 NR 31 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0196-0202 J9 EAR HEARING JI Ear Hear. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 529 EP 545 DI 10.1097/01.aud.0000188148.97046.b8 PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 000MJ UT WOS:000234465800002 PM 16377991 ER PT J AU Marano, N Arguin, P Pappaioanou, M King, L AF Marano, N Arguin, P Pappaioanou, M King, L TI Role of multisector partnerships in controlling emerging zoonotic diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Marano, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nmarano@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1813 EP 1814 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 990UI UT WOS:000233768300001 PM 22289146 ER PT J AU Farlow, J Wagner, DM Dukerich, M Stanley, M Chu, M Kubota, K Petersen, J Keim, P AF Farlow, J Wagner, DM Dukerich, M Stanley, M Chu, M Kubota, K Petersen, J Keim, P TI Francisella tularensis in the United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TULAREMIA; DISEASE AB The causative agent of tularemia, Francisella tularensis is a formidable biologic agent that occurs naturally throughout North America. We examined genetic and spatial diversity patterns among 161 US F tularensis isolates by using a 24-marker multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) system. MLVA identified 126 unique genotypes. Phylogenetic analyses showed patterns similar to recently reported global-scale analyses. We observed clustering by subspecies, low genetic diversity within F tularensis subsp. holarctica, and division of F tularensis subsp. tularensis into 2 distinct subpopulations: A.I. and A.II. The 2 F tularensis subsp. tularensis subpopulations also represent geographically distinct groups; A.I. occurs primarily in the central United States, and A.II. occurs primarily in the western United States. These spatial distributions are correlated with geographic ranges of particular vectors, hosts of tularemia, and abiotic factors. These correlates provide testable hypotheses regarding ecologic factors associated with maintaining tularemia foci. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Keim Genet Lab, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Keim, P (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Keim Genet Lab, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM paul.keim@nau.edu RI Wagner, David/A-5125-2010; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 NR 23 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1835 EP 1841 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 990UI UT WOS:000233768300005 PM 16485467 ER PT J AU Li, TY Qiu, JM Yang, W Craig, PS Chen, XW Xiao, N Ito, A Giraudoux, P Wulamu, M Yu, W Schantz, PM AF Li, TY Qiu, JM Yang, W Craig, PS Chen, XW Xiao, N Ito, A Giraudoux, P Wulamu, M Yu, W Schantz, PM TI Echinococcosis in Tibetan populations, Western Sichuan Province, China SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS; HIGH ENDEMIC REGION; CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS; RISK-FACTOR; PLATEAU; MULTILOCULARIS; SERODIAGNOSIS; ULTRASOUND; INFECTION; CESTODE AB We screened 3,199 people from Shiqu County, Sichuan Province, China, for abdominal echinococcosis (hydatid disease) by portable ultrasound combined with specific serodiagnostic tests. Both cystic echinococcosis (CE) (Echinococcus granulosus infection) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) (E. multilocularis) were co-endemic in this area at the highest village prevalence values recorded anywhere in the world: 12.9% were infected with one or the other form (6.8% CE and 6.2% AE). Prevalences of both CE and AE were significantly higher in female than male patients and increased with the age of the person screened. Pastoral herdsmen were at highest risk for infection (prevalence 19.0%). Prevalence of CE varied in 5 townships from 0% to 12.1%, whereas AE prevalence ranged from 0% to 14.3%. Risk factors associated with both infections included the number of owned dogs, frequency of contact with dogs, and sources of drinking water. C1 Sichuan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Echinococcosis & Cysticercosis Control, Inst Parasit Dis, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Univ Salford, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Asahikawa Med Coll, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. Univ Franche Comte, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Treatment Alveolar Ec, F-25030 Besancon, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Qiu, JM (reprint author), Sichuan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Echinococcosis & Cysticercosis Control, Inst Parasit Dis, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM giujiamin45@163.com RI Giraudoux, Patrick/B-9274-2011; ito, akira/E-9377-2014 OI Giraudoux, Patrick/0000-0003-2376-0136; ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187 NR 30 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1866 EP 1873 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 990UI UT WOS:000233768300010 ER PT J AU Blanton, JD Bowden, NY Eidson, M Wyatt, JD Hanlon, CA AF Blanton, JD Bowden, NY Eidson, M Wyatt, JD Hanlon, CA TI Rabies postexposure prophylaxis, New York, 1995-2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; BAT RABIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPOSURE AB The epidemiology of human rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in 4 upstate New York counties was described from data obtained from 2,216 incidences of PEP recorded by local health departments from 1995 to 2000. Overall annual incidence for the study period was 27 cases per 100,000 persons. Mean annual PEP incidence rates were highest in rural counties and during the summer months. PEP incidence was highest among patients 5-9 and 30-34 years of age. Bites accounted for most PEP (51%) and were primarily associated with cats and dogs. Bats accounted for 30% of exposures, more than any other group of animals; consequently, bats have replaced raccoons as the leading rabies exposure source to humans in this area. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY USA. RP Blanton, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mailstop G33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM asi5@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1921 EP 1927 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 990UI UT WOS:000233768300018 PM 16485480 ER PT J AU Kalish, ML Wolfe, ND Ndongmo, CB McNicholl, J Robbins, KE Aidoo, M Fonjungo, PN Alemnji, G Zeh, C Djoko, CF Mpoudi-Ngole, E Burke, DS Folks, TM AF Kalish, ML Wolfe, ND Ndongmo, CB McNicholl, J Robbins, KE Aidoo, M Fonjungo, PN Alemnji, G Zeh, C Djoko, CF Mpoudi-Ngole, E Burke, DS Folks, TM TI Central African hunters exposed to simian immunodeficiency virus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY WORKER; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; INFECTION AB HIV-seronegative Cameroonians with exposure to nonhuman primates were tested for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. Seroreactivity was correlated with exposure risk (p < 0.001). One person had strong humoral and weak cellular immune reactivity to SlVcol peptides. Humans are exposed to and possibly infected with SIV, which has major public health implications. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Project IRECAM, Yaounde, Cameroon. Johns Hopkins Cameroon Program, Yaounde, Cameroon. RP Kalish, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkalish@cdc.gov OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 FU FIC NIH HHS [K01 TW000003, K01 TW000003-05]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI042855, P30-AI42855]; NIH HHS [DP1-OD000370] NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1928 EP 1930 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 990UI UT WOS:000233768300019 PM 16485481 ER PT J AU Wacharapluesadee, S Lumlertdacha, B Boongird, K Wanghongsa, S Chanhome, L Rollin, P Stockton, P Rupprecht, CE Ksiazek, TG Hemachudha, T AF Wacharapluesadee, S Lumlertdacha, B Boongird, K Wanghongsa, S Chanhome, L Rollin, P Stockton, P Rupprecht, CE Ksiazek, TG Hemachudha, T TI Bat Nipah virus, Thailand SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FLYING-FOXES AB Surveillance for Nipah virus (NV) was conducted in Thailand's bat population. Immunoglobulin G antibodies to NV were detected with enzyme immunoassay in 82 of 1,304 bats. NV RNA was found in bat saliva and urine. These data suggest the persistence of NV infection in Thai bats. C1 Chulalongkorn Univ Hosp, Mol Biol Lab Neurol Dis, Dept Med, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Thai Red Cross Soc, Bangkok, Thailand. Minist Nat Resources & Environm, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wacharapluesadee, S (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ Hosp, Mol Biol Lab Neurol Dis, Dept Med, Rama 4 Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM spwa02@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 119 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 9 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1949 EP 1951 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 990UI UT WOS:000233768300025 PM 16485487 ER PT J AU Waugh, CA Shafir, S Wise, M Robinson, RD Eberhard, ML Lindo, JF AF Waugh, CA Shafir, S Wise, M Robinson, RD Eberhard, ML Lindo, JF TI Human Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Jamaica SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID EOSINOPHILIC-MENINGITIS; RATS C1 Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, Kingston 07, Jamaica. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Waugh, CA (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, Kingston 07, Jamaica. EM cecelia.waugh@uwimona.edu.jm RI Robinson, Ralph/J-9818-2012 NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1977 EP 1978 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 990UI UT WOS:000233768300036 PM 16485498 ER PT J AU Dato, VM Rupprecht, C AF Dato, VM Rupprecht, C TI Rabies vaccine baits, Pennsylvania SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION; VIRUS C1 Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol, Bur Epidemiol, SW Dist Off, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dato, VM (reprint author), Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol, Bur Epidemiol, SW Dist Off, 514 Pittsburgh State Off Bldg,300 Liberty Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. EM vdato@state.pa.us NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1987 EP 1988 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 990UI UT WOS:000233768300044 PM 16485505 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Painting from life nature's unpredictable menagerie SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1991 EP 1992 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 990UI UT WOS:000233768300046 PM 22289718 ER PT J AU Morland, KB Landrigan, PJ Sjodin, A Gobeille, AK Jones, RS McGahee, EE Needham, LL Patterson, DG AF Morland, KB Landrigan, PJ Sjodin, A Gobeille, AK Jones, RS McGahee, EE Needham, LL Patterson, DG TI Body burdens of polybrominated diphenyl ethers among urban anglers SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE fish consumption; PBDE; polybrominated diphenyl ethers ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; MOTHERS MILK; GREAT-LAKES; PBDES; BLOOD; ENVIRONMENT; FISHES; SEA AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used in the United States and worldwide as flame retardants. Recent PBDE production figures show that worldwide use has increased. To determine whether fish consumption is a source of PBDE exposure for humans, a cross-sectional epidemiologic study of New York and New Jersey urban anglers was conducted during the summers of 2001-2003. Frequency of local fish consumption was assessed by questionnaire, and blood samples for PBDE analysis were collected from 94 anglers fishing from piers on the lower Hudson River and Newark Bay. We analyzed PBDEs by gas chromatography-isotope dilution-high-resolution mass spectrometry. The congeners found in anglers' serum at the highest concentrations were, by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry numbers, BDE-47, BDE-153, and BDE-99. Anglers reporting consumption of local fish had higher, but nonstatistically significantly different, concentrations of PBDEs than did anglers who did not eat local fish. For some congeners (BDE-100 and BDE-153), we observed moderate dose-response relationships between serum PBDE levels and frequency of reported fish intake. These findings suggest that consumption of locally caught fish is not a major route of human exposure for this study population. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Morland, KB (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, 1 Gustave Levy Pl,Box 1057, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM kimberly.morland@mssm.edu RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07384-09, P42 ES007384] NR 39 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 113 IS 12 BP 1689 EP 1692 DI 10.1289/ehp.8138 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 989ZP UT WOS:000233713200037 PM 16330348 ER PT J AU Lewis, L Onsongo, M Njapau, H Schurz-Rogers, H Luber, G Kieszak, S Nyamongo, J Backer, L Dahiye, AM Misore, A DeCock, K Rubin, C AF Lewis, L Onsongo, M Njapau, H Schurz-Rogers, H Luber, G Kieszak, S Nyamongo, J Backer, L Dahiye, AM Misore, A DeCock, K Rubin, C CA Kenya Aflatoxicosis Investigation TI Aflatoxin contamination of commercial maize products during an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in eastern and central Kenya SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE aflatoxicosis; aflatoxin; corn; food safety; Kenya; maize; mold; mycotoxin ID MYCOTOXINS AB In April 2004, one of the largest aflatoxicosis outbreaks occurred in rural Kenya, resulting in 317 cases and 125 deaths. Aflatoxin-contaminated homegrown maize was the source of the outbreak, but the extent of regional contamination and status of maize in commercial markets (market maize) were unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the extent of market maize contamination and evaluate the relationship between market maize aflatoxin and the aflatoxicosis outbreak. We surveyed 65 markets and 243 maize vendors and collected 350 maize products in the most affected districts. Fifty-five percent of maize products had aflatoxin levels greater than the Kenyan regulatory limit of 20 ppb, 35% had levels >100 ppb, and 7% had levels >1,000 ppb. Makueni, the district with the most aflatoxicosis case-patients, had significantly higher market maize aflatoxin than did Thika, the study district with fewest case-patients (geometric mean aflatoxin=52.91 ppb vs. 7.52 ppb, p=0.0004). Maize obtained from local farms in the affected area was significantly more likely to have aflatoxin levels >20 ppb compared with maize bought from other regions of Kenya or other countries (odds ratio=2.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-6.59). Contaminated homegrown maize bought from local farms in the affected area entered the distribution system, resulting in widespread aflatoxin contamination of market maize. Contaminated market maize, purchased by farmers after their homegrown supplies are exhausted, may represent a source of continued exposure to aflatoxin. Efforts to successfully interrupt exposure to aflatoxin during an outbreak must consider the potential role of the market system in sustaining exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Nairobi, Kenya. US FDA, Off Plant & Dairy Foods, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. Kenya Natl Publ Hlth Lab, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Minist Hlth, Kenya Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Minist Hlth, Prevent & Promot Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Off, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Lewis, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-46, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM lwb6@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 188 Z9 203 U1 6 U2 34 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 113 IS 12 BP 1763 EP 1767 DI 10.1289/ehp.7998 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 989ZP UT WOS:000233713200049 PM 16330360 ER PT J AU Azziz-Baumgartner, E Lindblade, K Gieseker, K Rogers, HS Kieszak, S Njapau, H Schleicher, R McCoy, LF Misore, A DeCock, K Rubin, C Slutsker, L AF Azziz-Baumgartner, E Lindblade, K Gieseker, K Rogers, HS Kieszak, S Njapau, H Schleicher, R McCoy, LF Misore, A DeCock, K Rubin, C Slutsker, L CA Aflatoxin Investigative Grp TI Case-control study of an acute aflatoxicosis outbreak, Kenya, 2004 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE albumin adducts; aflatoxicosis; aflatoxin; Kenya; lysine; maize ID AFLATOXIN-B1; HEPATITIS; ADDUCT; MYCOTOXINS; EXPOSURE; PLASMA; LIVER AB Objectives: During January-June 2004, an aflatoxicosis outbreak in eastern Kenya resulted in 317 cases and 125 deaths. We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for contamination of implicated maize and, for the first time, quantitated biomarkers associated with acute aflatoxicosis. Design: We administered questionnaires regarding maize storage and consumption and obtained maize and blood samples from participants. Participants: We recruited 40 case-patients with aflatoxicosis and 80 randomly selected controls to participate in this study. Evaluations/Measurements: We analyzed maize for total aflatoxins and serum for aflatoxin B-1-lysine albumin adducts and hepatitis B surface antigen. We used regression and survival analyses to explore die relationship between aflatoxins, maize consumption, hepatitis B surface antigen, and case status. Results: Homegrown (not commercial) maize kernels from case households had higher concentrations of aflatoxins than did kernels from control households [geometric mean (GM)=354.53 ppb vs. 44.14 ppb, p=0.04]. Serum adduct concentrations were associated with time from jaundice to death [adjusted hazard ratio=1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.6]. Case patients had positive hepatitis B titers [odds ratio (OR)=9.8; 95% CI, 1.5-63.1] more often than controls. Case patients stored wet maize (OR=3.5; 95% CI, 1.2-10.3) inside their homes (OR=12.0; 95% CI, 1.5-95.7) rather than in granaries more often than did controls. Conclusion: Aflatoxin concentrations in maize, serum aflatoxin B-1-lysine adduct concentrations, and positive hepatitis B surface antigen titers were all associated with case status. Relevance: The novel methods and risk factors described may help health officials prevent future outbreaks of aflatoxicosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Kenya Minist Hlth, Prevent Hlth Serv, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Minist Hlth, Promot Hlth Serv, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Field Off, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Field Off, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Azziz-Baumgartner, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F46,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eha9@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 130 Z9 135 U1 6 U2 30 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 113 IS 12 BP 1779 EP 1783 DI 10.1289/ehp.8384 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 989ZP UT WOS:000233713200052 PM 16330363 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Eskenazi, B Barr, DB Bravo, R Castorina, R Chevrier, J Kogut, K Harnly, ME McKone, TE AF Bradman, A Eskenazi, B Barr, DB Bravo, R Castorina, R Chevrier, J Kogut, K Harnly, ME McKone, TE TI Organophosphate urinary metabolite levels during pregnancy and after delivery in women living in an agricultural community SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE exposure; organophosphate; pesticides; pregnancy; prenatal; urinary metabolites; women ID DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; 24-HOUR CREATININE CLEARANCE; CONTEMPORARY-USE PESTICIDES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; WASHINGTON-STATE; BIRTH OUTCOMES; EXPOSURE; POPULATION; URBAN; ASSOCIATION AB Little information has been published about pesticide exposures experienced by pregnant women. We measured six dialkyl phosphate (DAP) urinary metabolites of organophosphate (OP) pesticides in 600 pregnant, low-income women living in the Salinas Valley, California, an agricultural area. A total of 28% were employed as farm fieldworkers during pregnancy, and 81% had at least one household member who worked in agriculture. Samples were collected twice during pregnancy (mean=13 and 26 weeks' gestation, respectively) and just after delivery (mean=9 days). As in other studies, dimethyldithiophosphate levels were higher than those of other urinary OP metabolites. Total DAP metabolite levels in samples collected after delivery were higher than in samples collected during pregnancy. Median metabolite levels at the first and second prenatal sampling points and at the postpartum collection were 102.8, 106.8, and 227.2 nmol/L, respectively. Both prenatal and postpartum metabolite levels were higher in these Salinas Valley women than in a sample of women of childbearing age in the general U.S. population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), although the deviation from U.S. reference levels was most pronounced after delivery. Higher DAP metabolite levels in the immediate postpartum period may have implications for estimating dose during pregnancy and for exposure during lactation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res CHAMACOS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Bradman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res CHAMACOS, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abradman@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009605] NR 38 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 113 IS 12 BP 1802 EP 1807 DI 10.1289/ehp.7894 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 989ZP UT WOS:000233713200057 PM 16330368 ER PT J AU Friedman, DS Heisey-Grove, D Argyros, F Berl, E Nsubuga, J Stiles, T Fontana, J Beard, RS Monroe, S McGrath, ME Sutherby, H Dicker, RC DeMaria, A Matyas, BT AF Friedman, DS Heisey-Grove, D Argyros, F Berl, E Nsubuga, J Stiles, T Fontana, J Beard, RS Monroe, S McGrath, ME Sutherby, H Dicker, RC DeMaria, A Matyas, BT TI An outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis associated with wedding cakes SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; TRANSMISSION; CONSUMPTION; INFECTION AB We sought to determine the source of a norovirus outbreak among attendees of 46 weddings taking place during a single weekend. Norovirus-compatible illness was experienced by 332 (39%) of wedding guests surveyed; the outbreak affected up to 2700 persons. Illness was associated with eating wedding cake provided by a bakery common to the weddings (adjusted RR 4.5, P<0.001). A cake requiring direct hand contact during its preparation accounted for the majority of illness. At least two bakery employees experienced norovirus-compatible illness during the week preceding the weddings. Identical sequence types of norovirus were detected in stool specimens submitted by two wedding guests, a wedding hall employee, and one of the ill bakery employees. It is likely that one or more food workers at the bakery contaminated the wedding cakes through direct and indirect contact. These findings reinforce the necessity of proper food-handling practices and of policies that discourage food handlers from working while ill. C1 Bur Communicable Dis Control, Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Div Food & Drugs, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Friedman, DS (reprint author), Bur Communicable Dis Control, Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, 305 S St, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. EM dif8@cdc.gov OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 16 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1057 EP 1063 DI 10.1017/S0950268805004760 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 992CY UT WOS:000233863200011 PM 16274502 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, B Gerner-Smidt, P Barrett, T AF Swaminathan, B Gerner-Smidt, P Barrett, T TI Foodborne disease trends and reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swaminathan, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 285 EP 286 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.285 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RU UT WOS:000238252100002 PM 16366851 ER PT J AU Wagner, LM Capezuti, E Taylor, JA Sattin, RW Ouslander, JG AF Wagner, LM Capezuti, E Taylor, JA Sattin, RW Ouslander, JG TI Impact of a falls menu-driven incident-reporting system on documentation and quality improvement in nursing homes SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Meeting of the Gerontological-Society-of-America CY NOV 19-23, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Gerontol Soc Amer DE accidental falls; medical errors; medical informatics; reporting system; quality assurance ID ADVERSE DRUG EVENTS; PATIENT SAFETY; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; INTENSIVE-CARE; OLDER PERSONS; PREVENTION; RESIDENTS; LESSONS; RISK; MANAGEMENT AB Purpose: Data from incident-reporting systems have been used successfully in disciplines other than health care to improve safety. This study tested the effect of a falls menu-driven incident-reporting system (MDIRS) on quality-improvement efforts in nursing homes. Design and Methods: Following instrument development and testing, the intervention occurred over a 4-month period in three intervention nursing homes using the MDIRS matched with three homes using their existing narrative incident report to document falls. Data on fall incidents were collected from facility incident reports, and comparisons in incident-report documentation were made between the intervention and control groups. The minutes from quality-improvement meetings were examined to see how incident-report data were used for fall-prevention strategies. Results: Almost one third of nursing home residents among the six facilities fell during the A-month study period. Intervention nursing homes had significantly better documentation of fall characteristics on the incident reports than did the control nursing homes. Although only one nursing home fully implemented the MDIRS intervention, all three facilities identified strengths of the system. Implications: The MDIRS can have a significant impact in improving how nursing staff assess residents following a fall incident. Traditional narrative methods of documenting adverse incidents are time consuming and may not yield sufficient and accurate data. This model has the potential to enhance quality-improvement efforts and augment the current system of adverse incident reporting in nursing homes. C1 Baycrest Ctr Geriatr Care, Kunin Lunenfeld Appl Res Unit, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada. NYU, Coll Dent, Coll Nursing, New York, NY USA. Emory Univ, Ctr Hlth Aging Wesley Woods, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Injury & Disabil Outcomes & Programs, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wagner, LM (reprint author), Baycrest Ctr Geriatr Care, Kunin Lunenfeld Appl Res Unit, 3560 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada. EM lwagner@klaru-baycrest.on.ca FU AHRQ HHS [1 P20 HS11588-01] NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 835 EP 842 PG 8 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 989UN UT WOS:000233699500015 PM 16326667 ER PT J AU Bierl, C Karem, K Poon, AC Swan, D Tortolero-Luna, G Follen, M Wideroff, L Unger, ER Reeves, WC AF Bierl, C Karem, K Poon, AC Swan, D Tortolero-Luna, G Follen, M Wideroff, L Unger, ER Reeves, WC TI Correlates of cervical mucosal antibodies to human papillomavirus 16: Results from a case control study SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Cancer Conference CY MAY 18-22, 2005 CL Houston, TX SP Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Natl Canc Inst, Ctr Dis Control, M D Anderson Canc Ctr, European Inst Oncol, Univ Turin, Med Sch, Mirano Med Ctr ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IGA RESPONSES; INFECTION; HPV-16; WOMEN; DNA; NEOPLASIA; PROTEINS AB Background While the cervical mucosal immune response to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is believed to be central to viral clearance, it is not well characterized. We performed this analysis to determine correlates of HPV-16-specific mucosal antibody response in women at high risk for infection with HPV. Methods. Cervical mucosal and serum samples were obtained from participants in a case control study that measured demographic risk factors of cervical disease and HPV infection. An HPV-16 L1-virus-like particle ELISA was used to detect HPV-16-specific IgA and IgG. Antibody results were correlated to demographic characteristics, sexual history, cervical disease, and HPV detection. Results. Cervical anti-HPV-16 IgA and IgG inversely correlated with HPV DNA, HPV-16 DNA, and cervical disease. Conclusions. These findings suggest that mucosal antibodies may protect against HPV infection and cervical disease. However additional longitudinal studies evaluating serum and mucosal antibody correlates of incident, persistent, and clearing HPV infection are needed. In addition, standardization of mucosal sample collection and testing methods are required. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NCI, Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Unger, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cbie2606@ginp.usyd.edu.au; kdk6@cdc.gov; alysia@gcorgiapoon.net; dcsl@cdc.gov; gtortole@mdanderson.org; mfollen@mdanderson.org; widerofl@mail.nih.gov; eru0@cdc.gov; wcr1@cdc.gov RI Hernandez, Jessica/G-6527-2011; OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CN-0101-01] NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 99 IS 3 SU 1 BP S262 EP S268 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.07.100 PG 7 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 000ZV UT WOS:000234502500070 PM 16229879 ER PT J AU Jackson, N Waters, E AF Jackson, N Waters, E TI Criteria for the systematic review of health promotion and public health interventions SO HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE review; systematic; effectiveness; Public Health intervention ID QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; SUSTAINABILITY; EDUCATION; TRIALS AB Systematic reviews of public health interventions are fraught with challenges. Complexity is inherent; this may be due to multi-component interventions, diverse study populations, multiple outcomes measured, mixed study designs utilized and the effect of context on intervention design, implementation and effectiveness. For policy makers and practitioners to use systematic reviews to implement effective public health programmes, systematic reviews must include this information, which seeks to answer the questions posed by decision makers, including recipients of programmes. This necessitates expanding the traditional evaluation of evidence to incorporate the assessment of theory, integrity of interventions, context and sustainability of the interventions and outcomes. Unfortunately however, the critical information required for judging both the quality of a public health intervention and whether or not an intervention is worthwhile or replicable is missing from most public health intervention studies. When the raw material is not available in primary studies the systematic review process becomes even more challenging. Systematic reviews, which highlight these critical gaps, may act to encourage better reporting in primary studies. This paper provides recommendations to reviewers on the issues to address within a public health systematic review and, indirectly, provides advice to researchers on the reporting requirements of primary studies for the production of high quality systematic reviews. C1 Deakin Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Dev, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ London, Inst Educ, Evidence Policy & Practice Informat & Coordinatin, London WC1N 1AZ, England. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Univ London, Inst Educ, EPPI Ctr, London WC1N 1AZ, England. MRC, Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, London W1N 4AL, England. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. Univ York, Ctr Reviews & Disseminat, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. EM nickijackson@hotmail.com; elizabeth.waters@deakin.edu.au NR 41 TC 135 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0957-4824 EI 1460-2245 J9 HEALTH PROMOT INT JI Health Promot. Int. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1093/heapro/dai022 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 985YO UT WOS:000233415000008 PM 16169885 ER PT J AU Hancock, LN Cordovado, SK Hendrix, M Simone, AE Mueller, PW AF Hancock, LN Cordovado, SK Hendrix, M Simone, AE Mueller, PW TI Identification of two novel DQA1 alleles, DQA1*0107 and DQA1*0602, by sequence-based typing in the GoKinD population SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HLA-DQA1; DQA1*0107; DQA1*0602; sequence-based typing/DNA; type 1 diabetes ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; HLA-DQA1 AB Two novel DQA1 alleles, DQA1*0107 and DQA1*0602, were discovered using DQA1 sequence-based typing (SBT) in participants in the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) Study. The DQA1*0107 allele, found in three unrelated Caucasian participants, contains a novel polymorphism at codon 79 of exon 2 (CGC -> TGC), which results in an amino acid change from an arginine to a cysteine. The participants containing this novel potymorphism also had a I-bp insertion in intron 2 that is common to the *01 alleles. The DQA1*0602 allele, found in one Caucasian participant, contains a novel polymorphism at codon 139 of exon 3 (AGC -> CGC), which results in an amino acid change from a serine to an arginine. Additionally, the *0602 allele has a base change in intron 1 that is common to the *06 alleles. Both new alleles were isolated using single-allele amplification SBT and confirmed using sequence-specific primer amplification. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Mol Biol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cordovado, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Mol Biol Branch, 4700 Buford Highway,MS F-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM snc4@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 1248 EP 1253 DI 10.1016/j.humimm.2005.08.239 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 050JI UT WOS:000238083100007 PM 16690412 ER PT J AU Miner, AL Losina, E Katz, JN Fossel, AH Platt, R AF Miner, AL Losina, E Katz, JN Fossel, AH Platt, R TI Infection control practices to reduce airborne bacteria during total knee replacement: A hospital survey in four states SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; LAMINAR AIR-FLOW; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; OPERATING-ROOMS; CONTAMINATION; SYSTEM; VENTILATION; PREVENTION; THEATERS; SURGERY AB OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of laminar airflow, body exhaust, and ultraviolet lights during total knee replacement (TKR) in four U.S. states. DESIGN: Survey of healthcare facilities. SETTING: Hospitals in Illinois, North Carolina, Ohio, and Tennessee that performed TKR during 2000 as identified by Medicare claims data. PARTICIPANTS: Hospitals responding to a mailed questionnaire. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-five (73%) of 405 eligible hospitals that performed 18,374 primary and revision TKR procedures responded to the questionnaire. Among responding hospitals, 30% reported regular use (for > 75% of procedures) of laminar airflow, 42% reported regular use of body exhaust, and 5% reported regular use of ultraviolet lights. Among hospitals providing complete data, 150 (58916) performing 66% of procedures reported regular use of at least one of these techniques. On regression analyses, laminar airflow was used more often by hospitals with a TKR volume greater than 25 procedures per year (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.1-3.7) and orthopedic residency programs (OR, 2.8; CI95, 1.3-6.3), but its use was not significantly related to hospital setting or ownership status. CONCLUSIONS: Although these clean air practices are not recommended by any U.S. governmental or professional organization, they are used in nearly two-thirds of TKR procedures. Better information about their impact on current practice and more explicit guidelines may aid decisions about the use of these resource-intensive infection control practices. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Eastern Massachusetts Prevent Epictr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sect Clin Sci,Div Rheumatol Immunol & Allergy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Platt, R (reprint author), 133 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM Richard_Platt@harvard.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [P60 AR47782] NR 44 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 12 BP 910 EP 915 DI 10.1086/505452 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 000DS UT WOS:000234441700003 PM 16417030 ER PT J AU Ramsey, LT Ballesteros, MF Pelletier, AR Wolf, J AF Ramsey, LT Ballesteros, MF Pelletier, AR Wolf, J TI Injury prevention practices as depicted in G and PG rated movies: the sequel SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENT SMOKING AB Objective: To determine whether the depiction of injury prevention practices in children's movies released during 1998-2002 is different from an earlier study, which found that characters were infrequently depicted practicing recommended safety behaviors. Methods: The top 25 G ( general audience) and PG ( parental guidance suggested) rated movies per year from 1998-2002 comprised the study sample. Movies or scenes not set in the present day, animated, documentary, or not in English were excluded; fantasy scenes were also excluded. Injury prevention practices of motor vehicle occupants, pedestrians, bicyclists, and boaters were recorded for characters with speaking roles. Results: Compared with the first study, the proportion of scenes with characters wearing safety belts increased ( 27% v 35%, p < 0.01), the proportion of scenes with characters wearing personal flotation devices decreased ( 17% v 0%, p < 0.05), and no improvement was noted in pedestrian behavior or use of bicycle helmets. Conclusions: Despite a modest increase in safety belt usage, appropriate injury prevention practices are still infrequently shown in top grossing G and PG rated movies. The authors recommend that the entertainment industry incorporate safe practices into children's movies. Parents should call attention to the depiction of unsafe behaviors in movies and educate children to follow recommended safety practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, State Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ramsey, LT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ltramsey@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1136/ip.2005.009035 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 989PS UT WOS:000233686800011 PM 16326770 ER PT J AU Carter, M Speizer, IS AF Carter, M Speizer, IS TI Pregnancy intentions among Salvadoran fathers: Results from the 2003 National Male Reproductive Health Survey SO INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article AB CONTEXT. In El Salvador, fathers less commonly say that pregnancies are unintended than mothers do. However, men's pregnancy intentions are not understood as well as women's. METHODS: Data from 425 fathers participating in the 2003 National Male Reproductive Health Survey of El Salvador were analyzed to examine their intentions in regard to partners' pregnancies that had ended in a live birth in the lost five years. They were asked whether they had been trying to avoid pregnancy at the time of conception, whether they had been trying to get their partner pregnant, how they had felt about the pregnancy and what they thought their partner's pregnancy intentions hod been. Descriptive analyses were based on the most recent pregnancy reported by each man. RESULTS: A quarter of the pregnancies had been unintended from the men's perspective-13% had been mistimed and 11% had been unwanted. Almost half (46916) of unintended pregnancies had been conceived when the father was trying to avoid pregnancy. However, 36% of men reporting an unintended pregnancy said they had been happy when they found out about it. For 20% of all pregnancies, men perceived that their partner's pregnancy intentions differed from their own. CONCLUSIONS: Family planning services in El Salvador need improvement, and services and outreach should target men. Men's experiences with unintended pregnancies-in particular, contraceptive failure and discordance within couples about pregnancy intention-are complex and merit further investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Carter, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0190-3187 J9 INT FAM PLAN PERSPEC JI Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 179 EP 182 DI 10.1363/3117905 PG 4 WC Demography; Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 008QU UT WOS:000235056600003 PM 16439345 ER PT J AU Chalmers, RM Ferguson, C Caccio, S Gasser, RB El-Osta, YGA Heijnen, L Xiao, LH Elwin, K Hadfield, S Sinclair, M Stevens, M AF Chalmers, RM Ferguson, C Caccio, S Gasser, RB El-Osta, YGA Heijnen, L Xiao, LH Elwin, K Hadfield, S Sinclair, M Stevens, M TI Direct comparison of selected methods for genetic categorisation of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis species (vol 35, pg 397, 2005) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Sydney Catchment Author, Penrith, NSW 27514, Australia. Singleton Hosp, NPHS Microbiol Swansea, Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Swansea SA2 8QA, W Glam, Wales. Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. KIWA Water Res, NL-3430 BB Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Monash Univ, Alfred Hosp, Cent & Eastern Clin Sch, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic 3181, Australia. Melbourne Water, Water Qual Res, Melbourne, Vic 3002, Australia. RP Ferguson, C (reprint author), Sydney Catchment Author, POB 323, Penrith, NSW 27514, Australia. EM cferguson@ecowise.com.au RI Caccio, Simone/K-9278-2015 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 14 BP 1615 EP 1615 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.09.015 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 999EG UT WOS:000234371000018 ER PT J AU Des Jarlais, DC Semaan, S AF Des Jarlais, DC Semaan, S TI Interventions to reduce the sexual risk behaviour of injecting drug users SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY LA English DT Article DE sexual risk; injecting drug use; research interventions; global research ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV PREVENTION RESEARCH; OUT-OF-TREATMENT; UNITED-STATES; EXCHANGE PROGRAMS; METAANALYSIS; SEROCONVERSION; POPULATIONS; THAILAND; BANGKOK AB Reducing the risk of sexual HIV transmission by injecting drug users (IDUs) is important for controlling the HIV epidemic among all drug users and for controlling the larger epidemic. Over the past few years, several qualitative and meta-analyses reviews have been published. Most of these reviews involved numerous studies conducted in resource-rich countries, while a few covered the smaller number of studies under-taken in resource-constrained countries. In order to make greater strides in controlling the HIV epidemic, we assessed the generalisability of the results of the major studies and reviews for use in developing programmes in resource-constrained countries. We also discuss the implications for global research efforts and public health practice. The reviews show that IDUs in both resource-rich and resource-constrained countries have changed their sexual risk behaviours, reflecting rational and altruistic responses to a major health threat. Findings show that IDUs changed their sexual risk behaviour to avoid becoming infected with HIV and to avoid transmitting HIV to their sexual partners. Although the risk-reduction effect is moderate, it is important to implement programmes to reduce the sexual risk behaviour of IDUs in all countries. Providing evidence-based interventions is ethically responsible compared to providing no interventions. As interventions are implemented in different settings, it is important to bear in mind that stigmatisation of HIV/AIDS, or drug or condom use may limit an intervention's effectiveness. There is a need for research on adapting interventions to different cultural or national settings, and to develop and evaluate new interventions that may produce greater reductions in sexual risk behaviours. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Des Jarlais, DC (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, 1st Ave & 16th St, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM dcdesjarla@aol.com; svs5@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0955-3959 J9 INT J DRUG POLICY JI Int. J. Drug Policy PD DEC PY 2005 VL 16 SU 1 BP S58 EP S66 DI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2005.02.005 PG 9 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 999EJ UT WOS:000234371300006 ER PT J AU Needle, RH Burrows, D Friedman, SR Dorabjee, J Touze, G Badrieva, L Grund, JPC Kumar, MS Nigro, L Manning, G Latkin, C AF Needle, RH Burrows, D Friedman, SR Dorabjee, J Touze, G Badrieva, L Grund, JPC Kumar, MS Nigro, L Manning, G Latkin, C TI Effectiveness of community-based outreach in preventing HIV/AIDS among injecting drug users SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; injection drug users; evidence-based prevention; community-based outreach; risk reduction ID HIV PREVENTION; POPULATIONS AB This paper focuses on the evidence for the effectiveness of community-based outreach intervention as one component of a comprehensive HIV prevention model for preventing HIV infection in injecting drug user (IDU) Populations. Three empirical questions guided the review of the evidence. This article includes primarily published literature on community-based outreach derived mostly from developing countries but also unpublished literature. Wherever possible, evidence from multi-country, multi-site studies or meta-analytical studies is included. More than 40 published studies reveal that injecting drug users (IDUs), who are reached by community-based outreach and provided with access to risk reduction services, report reducing HIV risk behaviours. The strength of the evidence was assessed using Hill's criteria, which permit a review of multiple studies with different designs. Using the criteria, it is possible to infer causation about the evidence of effectiveness of the intervention. The evidence for the effectiveness of a community-based outreach strategy is strong. Despite evidence from 20 years of evaluation studies of the effectiveness of community-based outreach, a huge gap exists in most countries between the number of IDUs who want or could benefit from outreach services and the number of IDUs who actually receive them. Findings from evaluation studies on the effectiveness of community-based outreach must be made accessible, disseminated globally and provided to policy- and decision-makers to persuade them to take action and implement scaled-up prevention programmes. This requires ongoing advocacy and constant strengthening of the evidence base. Plans are needed to link evidence-based findings with technical assistance as well as training to enhance the capacity of regions and countries to introduce, scale up and sustain HIV prevention outreach to IDUs as part of a comprehensive HIM prevention strategy. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. AIDS Projects Management Grp, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, New York, NY 10010 USA. Macfarlane Burnet Inst Med Res & Publ Hlth, Ctr Harm Reduct, Fairfield, Vic 3078, Australia. Intercambios Asociac Civil, RA-1046 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Project Renewal, Kazan 420097, Russia. Addict Res Ctr, CVO, NL-3531 JX Utrecht, Netherlands. Sahai Trust, Madras 600017, Tamil Nadu, India. Univ Catania, Infect Dis Unit, I-95125 Catania, Italy. Community REACH, Pact, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Needle, RH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rhn0@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0955-3959 J9 INT J DRUG POLICY JI Int. J. Drug Policy PD DEC PY 2005 VL 16 SU 1 BP S45 EP S57 DI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2005.02.009 PG 13 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 999EJ UT WOS:000234371300005 ER PT J AU Goldstein, ST Zhou, FJ Hadler, SC Bell, BP Mast, EE Margolis, HS AF Goldstein, ST Zhou, FJ Hadler, SC Bell, BP Mast, EE Margolis, HS TI A mathematical model to estimate global hepatitis B disease burden and vaccination impact SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B; chronic hepatitis B; chronic liver disease; cirrhosis; hepatocellular carcinoma; hepatitis B vaccine ID 15-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; VIRUS-INFECTION; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL PROGRESS; CARRIER STATE; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Background Limited data are available regarding global hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related morbidity and mortality and potential reduction in disease burden from hepatitis B vaccination. Methods A model was developed to calculate the age-specific risk of acquiring HBV infection, acute hepatitis B (illness and death), and progression to chronic HBV infection. HBV-related deaths among chronically infected persons were determined from HBV-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality curves, adjusted for background mortality. The effect of hepatitis B vaccination was calculated from vaccine efficacy and vaccination series coverage, with and without administration of the first dose of vaccine within 24 h of birth (i.e. birth dose) to prevent perinatal HBV infection. Results For the year 2000, the model estimated 620 000 persons died worldwide from HBV-related causes: 580 000 (94%) from chronic infection-related cirrhosis and HCC and 40 000 (6%) from acute hepatitis B. In the surviving birth cohort for the year 2000, the model estimated that without vaccination, 64.8 million would become HBV-infected and 1.4 million would die from HBV-related disease. Infections acquired during the perinatal period, in early childhood (< 5 years old), and >= 5 years of age accounted for 21, 48, and 31% of deaths, respectively. Routine infant hepatitis B vaccination, with 90% coverage and the first dose administered at birth would prevent 84% of global HBV-related deaths. Conclusion Globally, most HBV-related deaths result from the chronic sequelae of infection acquired in the perinatal and early childhood periods. Inclusion of hepatitis B vaccine into national infant immunization programs could prevent > 80% of HBV-related deaths. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goldstein, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop D-66,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgoldstein@cdc.gov NR 66 TC 327 Z9 355 U1 0 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1329 EP 1339 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi206 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 991WS UT WOS:000233845900031 PM 16249217 ER PT J AU Miller, GJ Cooper, JA Beckles, GLA AF Miller, GJ Cooper, JA Beckles, GLA TI Cardiorespiratory fitness, all-cause mortality, and risk of cardiovascular disease in Trinidadian men - the St James survey SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardiorespiratory fitness; cardiovascular disease; myocardial infarction; mortality; cohort study; men; developing community ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; GLOBAL BURDEN; WEST-INDIES; GLUCOSE; EXERCISE; HEALTHY AB Background This study examined whether cardiorespiratory fitness is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality in a low- to middle-income Trinidadian community of African, South Asian Indian, and European origin. Those of Indian descent have a distinctively high rate of myocardial infarction. Methods The St James Study is a prospective total community survey located in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, West Indies. A random sample of 626 men aged 35-69 years, without angina of effort, previous myocardial infarction, partial or complete atrio-ventricular conduction defect, complete heart block, or exercise-induced asthma, was used for the assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness by cycle ergometry. Surveillance for morbidity and mortality was maintained for an average of 7.3 years. Results When the subjects were grouped into those with an age- and fat-free mass-adjusted peak oxygen uptake above and below the mean of 60.4 mmol/min (1.34 l/min), the hazard ratios (below/above) (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence, and incidence of myocardial infarction, after allowance for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, were 2.08 (1.23-3.52), 2.13 (1.22-3.69), and 2.36 (0.84-6.67), respectively. For those unable to achieve a level of work requiring an oxygen uptake of 67 mmol/min (1.5 l/min) during progressive exercise, the respective hazard ratios were 3.49 (1.57-7.76), 2.29 (1.21-4.33), and 5.45 (1.22-24.34). Indian ethnicity remained a predictor of myocardial infarction after allowance for cardiorespiratory performance. Conclusion Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in the low- to middle-income developing community of Trinidad. C1 MRC, Cardiovasc Grp, Dept Environm & Prevent Med, Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, London EC1M 6BQ, England. London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, London, England. UCL Royal Free & UCL Med Sch, Ctr Cardiovasc Genet, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Miller, GJ (reprint author), MRC, Cardiovasc Grp, Dept Environm & Prevent Med, Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, Charterhouse Sq, London EC1M 6BQ, England. EM g.miller@qmul.ac.uk NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1387 EP 1394 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi193 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 991WS UT WOS:000233845900041 PM 16169888 ER PT J AU Kong, YK Lowe, BD AF Kong, YK Lowe, BD TI Evaluation of handle diameters and orientations in a maximum torque task SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE maximum torque task; handle diameter; muscle efficiency; handle comfort ID BODY-SURFACE AREA; FINGER FORCES; GLOVES; TOOLS; EXERTION AB The effects of gender, handle diameter (25 - 50 mm), and handle orientation (horizontal and vertical) on the perceived comfort, torque, total finger force, and efficiency of flexor and extensor muscle activity were examined in a maximum torque task. A 16-force sensor glove system was applied to measure finger and phalangeal forces, and a surface EMG was recorded to investigate muscle activities in the torque task. Average maximum torque in the horizontal orientation was about 23.4% more than that in the vertical orientation. The maximum torque was the largest with the 45 and 50 mm diameter handles and least with the 25 mm diameter handle. In both orientations, torque increased as the handle diameter increased, whereas total finger force showed a decreasing pattern which can explain the positive and non-linear correlation between torque output and handle diameter. The efficiency of muscle activity in both orientations followed a similar trend with the torque output for the handle diameters (i.e., the efficiency increased when the handle diameter increased). 35-45 mm handles were rated as the most comfortable for maximum torque exertions. According to a polynomial regression, 37 - 44 mm and 41 - 48 mm diameter handles (23.3% of the user's hand length) maximized perceived comfort and were thus recommended for females and males, respectively in this study. C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Kong, YK (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ykong@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1073 EP 1084 DI 10.1016/j.ergon.2005.04.009 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 993JA UT WOS:000233949200001 ER PT J AU Roth, VR Garrett, DO Laserson, KF Starling, CE Kritski, AL Medeiros, EAS Binkin, N Jarvis, WR AF Roth, VR Garrett, DO Laserson, KF Starling, CE Kritski, AL Medeiros, EAS Binkin, N Jarvis, WR TI A multicenter evaluation of tuberculin skin test positivity and conversion among health care workers in Brazilian hospitals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculin rest; PPD; tuberculosis; BCG; Brazil ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; MEDICAL-STUDENTS; OCCUPATIONAL RISK; PHYSICIANS; INFECTION; PERU AB SETTING: Four general Brazilian hospitals. OBJECTIVE: To assess the occupational risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in participating hospitals. DESIGN: In phase one of this longitudinal study, a cross-sectional survey documented baseline tuberculin skin test (TST) positivity rates. In phase two, TST conversion rates were evaluated in participants with an initial negative two-step TST. TST conversion data were analyzed to determine risk factors for TB infection using an increase of >= 10 mm compared to baseline TST. RESULTS: The initial TST positivity rate was 63.1%; the follow-up TST conversion rate was 10.7 per 1000 person-months (p-m). Hospital of employment, recent bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, nosocomial TB exposure, and employment as a nurse were independent risk factors for TST conversion. Hospitals without TB infection control measures had higher conversion rates than those with control measures (16.0 vs. 7.8/1000 p-m, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates an important occupational risk of infection in health care settings with a high TB incidence. Longitudinal TST studies are a valuable tool to assess the occupational risk of TB, even in BCG-vaccinated populations, and should be used to direct limited resources for infection control. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Programa Acad Tuberculose, IDT Hosp Univ Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Div Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Roth, VR (reprint author), Ottawa Hosp, Div Infect Dis, 501 Smyth Rd,Room G12, Ottawa, ON K1G 2T1, Canada. EM vroth@ottawahospital.on.ca NR 29 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1335 EP 1342 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 007PJ UT WOS:000234981300007 PM 16466055 ER PT J AU Welty, TK Bulterys, M Welty, ER Tih, PM Ndikintum, G Nkuoh, G Nkfusai, J Kayita, J Nkengasong, JN Wilfert, CM AF Welty, TK Bulterys, M Welty, ER Tih, PM Ndikintum, G Nkuoh, G Nkfusai, J Kayita, J Nkengasong, JN Wilfert, CM TI Integrating prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission into routine antenatal care - The key to program expansion in Cameroon SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; antenatal care; Cameroon; perinatal transmission; nevirapine prophylaxis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; MALE CIRCUMCISION; HIV/AIDS PREVENTION; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; COTE-DIVOIRE; SOUTH-AFRICA; DOUBLE-BLIND; NEVIRAPINE AB With funds from Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Board implemented a program to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (PMTCT) as part of its routine antenatal care, with single-dose maternal and infant peripartum nevirapine (NVP) prophylaxis of HIV-positive mothers and their babies. Nurses, midwives, nurse aides, and trained birth attendants counseled pregnant women, obtained risk factor data, and offered free HIV testing with same-day results. From February 2000 through December 2004, this program rapidly expanded to 115 facilities in 6 of Cameroon's. 10 provinces, not only to large hospitals but to remote health centers staffed by trained birth attendants. We trained 690 health workers in PMTCT and counseled 68,635 women, 91.9% of whom accepted HIV testing. Of 63,094 women tested, 8.7% were HIV-1-positive. Independent risk factors for HIV-1 infection included young age at first sexual intercourse, multiple sex partners, and positive syphilis serology (P < 0.001 for each). We counseled 98.7% of positive and negative mothers on a posttest basis. Of 5550 HIV-positive mothers, we counseled 5433 (97.9%) on single-dose NVP prophylaxis. Consistent training and programmatic support contributed to rapid upscaling and high uptake and counseling rates. C1 Cameroon Baptist Convent Hlth Board, Nso, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Global Programme AIDS, Lusaka, Zambia. Family Hlth Int, Alexandria, VA USA. Project Retro C1, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Welty, TK (reprint author), Cameroon Baptist Convent Hlth Board, Nso, 5990 E Jeremy Lane, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. EM twelty@earthlink.net NR 43 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 4 BP 486 EP 493 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000163196.36199.89 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 986UE UT WOS:000233474400016 PM 16280706 ER PT J AU Amburgey, JE Amirtharajah, A York, MT Brouckaert, BM Spivey, NC Arrowood, MJ AF Amburgey, JE Amirtharajah, A York, MT Brouckaert, BM Spivey, NC Arrowood, MJ TI Comparison of conventional and biological filter performance for Cryptosporidium and microsphere removals SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PARVUM OOCYSTS; EFFLUENT QUALITY; WATER-TREATMENT; DRINKING-WATER; RAPID FILTERS; FILTRATION; COAGULANTS; OPERATION; OUTBREAKS; BACKWASH AB Removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts from drinking water is essential because of their potential to cause waterborne disease outbreaks. Removal is challenging, however, because of their prevalence in natural waters and resistance to chlorine disinfection. Detection of Cryptosporidium in drinking water samples is expensive, slow, and frequently unreliable. This research used different-colored polystyrene microspheres to compare the performance of conventional and biological filters in removing Cryptosporidium oocysts. Whereas previous studies focused on the steady-state portion of the filter run, this work looked at removals during and immediately following filter ripening. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Civil Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA USA. CH2M Hill Inc, Sacramento, CA USA. RMT Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Chem Engn, Durban, South Africa. Gwinnett Cty Dept Publ Util, Water Prod Div, Lawrenceville, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Amburgey, JE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Civil Engn, 9201 Univ City Bldg, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM jeamburg@uncc.edu NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 97 IS 12 BP 77 EP + PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 995VK UT WOS:000234132300010 ER PT J AU Yu, MC Tang, LH Chang, KS Narayan, KMV Chen, KT AF Yu, MC Tang, LH Chang, KS Narayan, KMV Chen, KT TI Risk factors associated with emergency room drug abuse admissions in urban Taiwan, 1998-1999 SO JOURNAL OF ADDICTIONS NURSING LA English DT Article DE tobacco; betel quid; drug abuse; alcohol; Taiwan ID SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; ADOLESCENTS; SUICIDE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DEPRESSION; ALCOHOL; ANXIETY AB The present study examined the risk factors associated with admissions for drug abuse among patients who visited an accident and emergency (A & E) department at a large metropolitan teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Two hundred and fifty-four consecutive patients reporting problems related to suspected intentional drug poisoning or acute intoxication from drugs of misuse were matched to 254 patients with internal medicine conditions unrelated to drug abuse by age within three years. Risk factors and drug use information was obtained by questionnaire. Between December 1998 and November 1999, 272 (0.7%) patients had visited the A & E for treatment of drug-related problems. Among these patients, 254 (93%) completed questionnaires and were enrolled in this study. Major reasons for hospital visits were suicide (51%), and acute drug poisoning (49%); primary drugs used were sedatives/hypnotics (81.7%) and narcotics (4.7%); most drugs came from pharmacies and drug stores (47.2%), hospitals and clinics (25.2%), or were bought from friends (7.1%) or others (11.1%). Being single (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.7), female (OR= 3.4, 95% CI 1.4-10.0), having an alcohol drinking habit (OR=3.0, 95% CI 1.3-7.2), and having higher depressive scores (OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.2-1.4) were independently associated with drug abuse. Important preventive measures against drug abuse included improving access to psychological counseling for users and controlling dispension of drugs at pharmacies. C1 Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. Taipei City STD Control Ctr, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Mackay Mem Hosp, Emergency Dept, Taipei, Taiwan. Tatung Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Chen, KT (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Publ Hlth, 1 Univ Rd, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. EM ktchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1088-4602 J9 J ADDICT NURS JI J. Addict. Nurs. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 4 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1080/10884600500330508 PG 4 WC Substance Abuse; Nursing SC Substance Abuse; Nursing GA 050MR UT WOS:000238092600005 ER PT J AU Costa, PT Bagby, RM Herbst, JH McCrae, RR AF Costa, PT Bagby, RM Herbst, JH McCrae, RR TI Personality self-reports are concurrently reliable and valid during acute depressive episodes SO JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE depression; state artifact; personality assessment; validity ID MAJOR DEPRESSION; 5-FACTOR MODEL; PREMORBID PERSONALITY; CHARACTER INVENTORY; PANIC PATIENTS; LIFE-SPAN; TEMPERAMENT; DISORDERS; TRAITS; STABILITY AB Background: It is alleged that depression distorts the assessment of general personality traits. To test that hypothesis, we examined scores on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) administered to acutely depressed patients at baseline and 14 to 26 weeks after treatment with antidepressant medication. Method: Two hundred and fifty patients completed the NEO-PI-R at baseline, 109 patients after 14 to 26 weeks of antidepressant pharmacotherapy. 48 patients (49.5%) were identified as responders while 49 (50.5%) were identified as nonresponders. The remaining 12 patients were excluded because they met HRSD response criteria but not the SCID-I MDD criteria at treatment completion. Results: At baseline, NEO-PI-R scales showed high internal consistency and replicated the normative factor structure, suggesting that psychometric properties were preserved. Among non-responders, retest correlations were uniformly high (rs=.50 to .88) and mean levels showed little change, providing evidence for the consistency of personality self-reports during an acute depressive episode. NEO-PI-R scales showed construct validity in the concurrent prediction of a number of clinical criteria. Effective treatment bad significant effects on the mean levels of neuroticism, which decreased, and extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness, which increased. Limitations: The participants were from a clinical database and were not randomly assigned for the treatment. Conclusions: The results suggest that the effect of acute depression is to amplify somewhat the personality profile of people prone to depression. Rather than regard these depression-caused changes in assessed personality trait levels as a distortion, we interpret them as accurate reflections of the current condition of the individual. Personality traits have biological bases, and when they are changed (by disease or therapeutic interventions) trait levels change. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIA, DHHS, Gerontol Res Ctr, Lab Personal & Cognit,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Univ Toronto, Ctr Addit & Mental Hlth, Mood Disorder Program, Toronto, ON, Canada. CDC, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch,Synth & Analyt Support Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Costa, PT (reprint author), NIA, DHHS, Gerontol Res Ctr, Lab Personal & Cognit,NIH, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM costap@mail.nih.gov OI Costa, Paul/0000-0003-4375-1712 NR 58 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0327 J9 J AFFECT DISORDERS JI J. Affect. Disord. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1-3 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jad.2005.06.010 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 998YJ UT WOS:000234355500005 PM 16203041 ER PT J AU Morgan, RO DeVito, CA Stevens, JA Branche, CM Virnig, BA Wingo, PA Sattin, RW AF Morgan, RO DeVito, CA Stevens, JA Branche, CM Virnig, BA Wingo, PA Sattin, RW TI A self-assessment tool was reliable in identifying hazards in the homes of elders SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE falls; hazards; surveys; reliability; women; self-assessment ID DWELLING OLDER PERSONS; ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS; RISK-FACTORS; REDUCTION PROGRAM; FALLS PREVENTION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; COMMUNITY; PEOPLE; FRACTURES; ADULTS AB Background and Objectives: Falls are a leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries, particularly among the elderly. A reliable instrument for self-assessment of home falls hazards would facilitate screening for falls fisk. This study examined the reliability of self-assessment of home falls hazards by elderly women. Methods and Setting: Participants were 52 elderly women, aged 67 to 97. All evaluations were performed in the participants' homes. Home falls hazards were evaluated independently by study participants and by trained observers. Results: Kappa statistics indicated good to excellent agreement for most of the environmental factors. However, observers were significantly more likely than the study participants to report certain tripping hazards, particularly objects in walkways. Conclusion: This home checklist is an important step towards a reliable self-report instrument for measuring home falls hazards. Self-assessment appears to be a reliable method for assessing many putative hazards of falling in the home. However, our findings raise questions regarding the reliable assessment of tripping hazards. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 VAMC, Ctr Qual Care Utilizat Studies, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. VAMC, Hlth Serv Res & Dev Ctr, Miami, FL 33125 USA. GRECC, Miami, FL 33125 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Natl Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NCCDPHP, Amer Canc Soc, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Morgan, RO (reprint author), VAMC, Ctr Qual Care Utilizat Studies, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM rmorgan@bcm.tmc.edu RI Morgan, Robert/A-8577-2009 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1252 EP 1259 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.04.001 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 990UE UT WOS:000233767900006 PM 16291469 ER PT J AU Wallace, RJ Brown-Elliott, BA Brown, J Steigerwalt, AG Hall, L Woods, G Cloud, J Mann, L Wilson, R Crist, C Jost, KC Byrer, DE Tang, J Cooper, J Stamenova, E Campbell, B Wolfe, J Turenne, C AF Wallace, RJ Brown-Elliott, BA Brown, J Steigerwalt, AG Hall, L Woods, G Cloud, J Mann, L Wilson, R Crist, C Jost, KC Byrer, DE Tang, J Cooper, J Stamenova, E Campbell, B Wolfe, J Turenne, C TI Polyphasic characterization reveals that the human pathogen Mycobacterium peregrinum type II belongs to the bovine pathogen species Mycobacterium senegalense SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID RELATEDNESS; 3RD BIOVARIANT COMPLEX; CHELONAE-LIKE ORGANISM; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; SP-NOV; LABORATORY FEATURES; CLINICAL-DISEASE; BETA-LACTAMASES; COMB-NOV AB Mycobacterium peregrinum consists of two taxa: types I and II. We evaluated 43 clinical type 11 strains from throughout the United States. They were responsible for soft-tissue and bone infections, catheter-related infections, and possible pneumonitis. By carbohydrate utilization, they were indistinguishable from type I strains, being D-mannitol and trehalose positive. However, they had a distinct susceptibility pattern that included intermediate ciprofloxacin MICs but low clarithromycin and doxycycline MICs of <= 1 mu g/ml. These features were also shared by reference isolates of Mycobacterium senegalense from African bovine cases of "farcy." By 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the type II isolates shared 100% sequence identity with M. senegalense. Partial sequencing of the type II hsp65 gene (441 bp) revealed four sequevars showing >= 98.4% identity with each other and >= 98.6% identity with the sequence of five bovine strains of M. senegalense. There was <= 97.1% identity with M. peregrinum type I isolates and other Mycobacterium fortuitum group species. Sequencing of additional gene targets including the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and the rpoB gene (partial sequence) revealed a similar phylogenetic grouping. DNA-DNA hybridization showed 76 to 99% relatedness between the bovine and human strains. These studies demonstrate that type 11 isolates are not isolates of M. peregrinum but represent human strains of M. senegalense. This study is the first to demonstrate this species as a human pathogen. Representative human M. senegalense strains include ATCC 35755 and newly submitted strains ATCC BAA-849, ATCC BAA-850, and ATCC BAA-851. C1 Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Mycobacteria Nocardia Res Lab, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Utah, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA USA. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Reference Ctr Mycobacteriol, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Wallace, RJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. EM richard.wallace@uthct.edu NR 57 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 43 IS 12 BP 5925 EP 5935 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.12.5925-5935.2005 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 994TZ UT WOS:000234055400014 PM 16333077 ER PT J AU Jennings, C Fiscus, SA Crowe, SM Danilovic, AD Morack, RJ Scianna, S Cachafeiro, A Brambilla, DJ Schupbach, J Stevens, W Respess, R Varnier, OE Corrigan, GE Gronowitz, JS Ussery, MA Bremer, JW AF Jennings, C Fiscus, SA Crowe, SM Danilovic, AD Morack, RJ Scianna, S Cachafeiro, A Brambilla, DJ Schupbach, J Stevens, W Respess, R Varnier, OE Corrigan, GE Gronowitz, JS Ussery, MA Bremer, JW TI Comparison of two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA surrogate assays to the standard HIV RNA assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE ACTIVITY; P24 ANTIGEN-ASSAY; RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; HEAT-DENATURED PLASMA; VIRAL LOAD; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; TYPE-1 RNA; SIGNAL-AMPLIFICATION; CLINICAL-TRIALS; INFECTION AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA testing is the gold standard for monitoring antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. However, equipment and reagent costs preclude widespread use of the assay in resource-limited settings. The Perkin-Elmer Ultrasensitive p24 assay and the Cavidi Exavir Load assay both offer potentially simpler, less costly technologies for monitoring viral load. These assays were compared to the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Test, v1.5, using panels of clinical samples (subtype B) from HIV-positive subjects and HIV-spiked samples (subtypes A, C, D, CRF_01AE, CRF_02AG, and F). The Ultrasensitive p24 assay detected 100% of the spiked samples with virus loads of > 250,000copies/ml and 61% of the clinical samples with virus loads of 219 to 288,850 copies/ml. Detection rates were improved substantially if an external lysis buffer was added to the procedure. The Cavidi assay detected 54 to 100% of spiked samples with virus loads > 10,000 copies/ml and 68% of the clinical samples. These detection rates were also greatly improved with a newly implemented version of this kit. Coefficients of variation demonstrate good reproducibility for each of these kits. The results from the Cavidi v1.0, Cavidi v2.0, and Perkin-Elmer, and the Perkin-Elmer Plus external buffers all correlated well with the results from the Roche Monitor Test (r = 0.83 to 0.96, r = 0.84 to 0.99, r = 0.58 to 0.67, and r = 0.59 to 0.95, respectively). Thus, the use of these two assays for monitoring patients, together with less-frequent confirmation testing, offers a feasible alternative to frequent HIV RNA testing in resource-limited settings. C1 Rush Med Coll, Dept Immunol Microbiol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Macfarlane Burnet Inst Med Res & Publ Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Parktown, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Genoa, Sch Med, Inst Microbiol, Genoa, Italy. Karolinska Inst, SMI, MTC, Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Jennings, C (reprint author), Rush Med Coll, Dept Immunol Microbiol, 1653 W Congress Pkwy, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM cjenning@rush.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI85354, N01 AI 85354] NR 38 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 43 IS 12 BP 5950 EP 5956 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.12.5950-5956.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 994TZ UT WOS:000234055400018 PM 16333081 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA Gribskov, J Brandt, M Ito, J Fothergill, A Marr, KA AF Balajee, SA Gribskov, J Brandt, M Ito, J Fothergill, A Marr, KA TI Mistaken identity: Neosartorya pseudofischeri and its anamorph masquerading as Aspergillus fumigatus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; TERREUS AB Invasive fungal infections caused by Neosartorya pseudofischeri S. W. Peterson [anamorph Aspergillus thennomutatus (Paden) S. W. Peterson] are extremely rare. Phenotypically, the anamorphic state of N. pseudofischeri resembles Aspeigillus fumigatus, the predominant agent of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts. We report the recovery of three clinical isolates of N. pseudofischeri, all initially misidentified by morphological characteristics as A. fumigatus. All three isolates were correctly identified by sequencing portions of the P-tubulin and the rodlet A genes. Only one of the three isolates produced the confirmatory fruiting bodies and was thus classified as N. pseudofischeri; the other isolates did not produce asci and were therefore identified as A. thermomutatus. All three isolates had higher MICs to voriconazole in vitro compared to A. Amigatus Af293. This report emphasizes that phenotypic identification of filamentous fungi may not identify morphologically similar, but genetically distinct, members of the genus Aspeigillus section Fumigati. Accurate identification of these organisms may be clinically meaningful, given their potential differences in antifungal susceptibilities. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Fungus Testing Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Marr, KA (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Infect Dis, 1100 Fairview Ave N,D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM kmarr@fhcrc.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI 055928, R21 AI055928] NR 18 TC 88 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 43 IS 12 BP 5996 EP 5999 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.12.5996-5999.2005 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 994TZ UT WOS:000234055400025 PM 16333088 ER PT J AU Ko, GP Garcia, C Jiang, ZD Okhuysen, PC Belkind-Gerson, J Glass, RI DuPont, HL AF Ko, GP Garcia, C Jiang, ZD Okhuysen, PC Belkind-Gerson, J Glass, RI DuPont, HL TI Noroviruses as a cause of traveler's diarrhea among students from the United States visiting Mexico SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; DOUBLE-BLIND; THERAPY; PREVALENCE; RIFAXIMIN; TRIAL; GASTROENTERITIS; CIPROFLOXACIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Stool specimens from 124 international travelers with acute diarrhea were tested for the presence of enteropathogens. Noroviruses (NoVs) were the second most commonly identified enteric pathogen in diarrheal stool samples (21/124, 17%), exceeded only by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (50/106, 47%). This study indicates that NoV is an underappreciated cause of traveler's diarrhea. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth,Inst Hlth & Environm, Chongno Ku, Seoul 110799, South Korea. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sch Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. St Lukes Episcopal Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ko, GP (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth,Inst Hlth & Environm, Chongno Ku, 28 Yunkeun Dong, Seoul 110799, South Korea. EM gko@snu.ac.kr FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 02558, M01 RR002558]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 54948, R01 AI054948]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK056338, DK 56338] NR 25 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 43 IS 12 BP 6126 EP 6129 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.12.3426-6129.2005 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 994TZ UT WOS:000234055400047 PM 16333110 ER PT J AU Martro, E Suligoi, B Gonzalez, V Bossi, V Esteve, A Mei, J Ausina, V AF Martro, E Suligoi, B Gonzalez, V Bossi, V Esteve, A Mei, J Ausina, V CA Recent HIV Infections Study Grp TI Comparison of the avidity index method and the serologic testing algorithm for recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion, two methods using a single serum sample for identification of recent HIV infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; DISEASE CLINIC PATIENTS; IMPROVED DIAGNOSIS; STRATEGY; SEROINCIDENCE; PREGNANCY AB A study was designed to compare an avidity index method to the serologic testing algorithm for recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion (STARHS) for the detection of recent HIV infection. One hundred sixty HIV-positive sera were tested. Both techniques performed similarly in identifying recent infections, although STARHS tended to misclassify more individuals that had long-standing infection as being recently infected. C1 Hosp Univ Germans Trias & Pujol, Ctr Epidemiol Studies HIV AIDS Catalonia, CEESCAT, Microbiol Serv, Badalona 08916, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Germans Trias & Pujol, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Microbiol Serv, Badalona, Spain. Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Osp Amedeo Savoia, Virol Lab, Turin, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening Qual Assurance Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ausina, V (reprint author), Hosp Univ Germans Trias & Pujol, Ctr Epidemiol Studies HIV AIDS Catalonia, CEESCAT, Microbiol Serv, Badalona 08916, Spain. EM vausina@ns.hugtip.scs.es RI Martro, Elisa/K-9688-2015; Gonzalez, Maria Victoria/L-2925-2015; SULIGOI, BARBARA/C-6494-2016; OI Martro, Elisa/0000-0002-2867-6649; Gonzalez, Maria Victoria/0000-0003-3787-0272; AUSINA, VICENTE/0000-0002-1798-9869 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 43 IS 12 BP 6197 EP 6199 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.12.6197-6199.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 994TZ UT WOS:000234055400066 PM 16333129 ER PT J AU Dye, BA Choudhary, K Shea, S Papapanou, PN AF Dye, BA Choudhary, K Shea, S Papapanou, PN TI Serum antibodies to periodontal pathogens and markers of systemic inflammation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; antibody; C-reactive protein; fibrinogen; IgG; NHANES III; periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-ASSESSMENT; PREDICT MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; HEMOSTATIC FACTORS; ACTINOBACILLUS-ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK AB We examined the relationship between serum antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and plasma fibrinogen and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in a nationally representative sample. Data on 2973 participants aged 40 years and older from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, second phase (1991-1994) were used. Three logistic regression models adjusted for gender, race, educational attainment, diabetes, cigarette smoking, body mass index (BMI), and other inflammatory conditions were constructed, based on three different assumptions: (A) no access to dental/periodontal data; (B) knowledge of number of teeth present but not of clinical periodontal status; and (C) knowledge of both dental and clinical periodontal status. High fibrinogen (> 400 mg/dl) was unrelated to P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans antibodies in all models. High CRP (> 0.4 mg/dl) was related to high antibody levels to P. gingivalis in models A [odds ratios (OR) 1.63, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.15-2.32], B (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.18-2.41), and C (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.12-2.23). In model C, high CRP was related to > 30% extent of attachment loss of >= 3 mm (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.19-2.08). Antibodies to A. actinomycetemcomitans were not associated with high CRP levels in any model. High serum titre to P. gingivalis and the presence of periodontal disease are independently related to high CRP levels. C1 Columbia Univ, Sch Dent & Oral Surg, Sect Oral & Diagnost Sci, Div Periodont, New York, NY 10032 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Huntsville, MD USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. RP Papapanou, PN (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Dent & Oral Surg, Sect Oral & Diagnost Sci, Div Periodont, 630 W 168th St,PH-7E-110, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM pp192@columbia.edu NR 68 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0303-6979 J9 J CLIN PERIODONTOL JI J. Clin. Periodontol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1189 EP 1199 DI 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00856.x PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 980KV UT WOS:000233018300001 PM 16268994 ER PT J AU Teo, CG AF Teo, C. G. TI Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B in England and Wales SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Viral hepatitis; Outbreaks; Lamivudine resistance; Prisons; Immigrants AB This review focuses on general and molecular features of the epidemiology of incident and prevalent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in England and Wales. The situation in Scotland and Northern Ireland will not be reviewed. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Teo, C. G.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Virus Reference Dept, Ctr Infect, London, England. RP Teo, CG (reprint author), CDC, Branch Lab, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30330 USA. EM enz0@cdc.gov FU European Community [QLRT-2001-00977] FX Aspects of the work reviewed here were funded by the European Community; Grant Number: QLRT-2001-00977. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 EI 1873-5967 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 SU 1 BP S13 EP S14 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(05)80004-6 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA V32HE UT WOS:000208941500004 PM 16461212 ER PT J AU Frenzen, PD Drake, A Angulo, FJ AF Frenzen, PD Drake, A Angulo, FJ CA Emerging Infections Program TI Economic cost of illness due to Escherichia coli O157 infections in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE; HEALTH; LIFE AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated that Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (O157 STEC) infections cause 73,000 illnesses annually in the United States, resulting in more than 2,000 hospitalizations and 60 deaths. In this study, the economic cost of illness due to O157 STEC infections transmitted by food or other means was estimated based on the CDC estimate of annual cases and newly available data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of the CDC Emerging Infections Program. The annual cost of illness due to O157 STEC was $405 million (in 2003 dollars), including $370 million for premature deaths, $30 million for medical care, and $5 million in lost productivity. The average cost per case varied greatly by severity of illness, ranging from $26 for an individual who did not obtain medical care to $6.2 million for a patient who died from hemolytic uremic syndrome. The high cost of illness due to O157 STEC infections suggests that additional efforts to control this pathogen might be warranted. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Frenzen, PD (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM pfrenzen@ers.usda.gov NR 44 TC 111 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2623 EP 2630 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 989US UT WOS:000233700000018 PM 16355834 ER PT J AU Doumith, M Jacquet, C Gerner-Smidt, P Graves, LM Loncarevic, S Mathisen, T Morvan, A Salcedo, C Torpdahl, M Vazquez, JA Martin, P AF Doumith, M Jacquet, C Gerner-Smidt, P Graves, LM Loncarevic, S Mathisen, T Morvan, A Salcedo, C Torpdahl, M Vazquez, JA Martin, P TI Multicenter validation of a multiplex PCR assay for differentiating the major Listeria monocytogenes Serovars 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b: Toward an international standard SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS AB The performance of a multiplex PCR assay that separates the four major serovars of the pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes into four distinct PCR groups was evaluated through a multicenter typing study. Identical panels of 90 Listeria isolates were distributed to five participating laboratories that were blind to the nature of the isolates. Isolates were characterized using the previously standardized protocol. Overall concordance was 96.6 to 100%, sufficient for the assay to be used as an alternative to serotyping and confidently applied in laboratories involved in L. monocytogenes typing. C1 Inst Pasteur, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Foodborne Listeriosis, Ctr Natl Reference Listeria,Lab Listeria, F-75724 Paris, France. Statens Serum Inst, Dept Bacteriol Mycol & Parasitol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Vet Inst, Sect Feed & Food Microbiol, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. Natl Inst Hlth Carlos III, Reference Lab Listeria, Madrid, Spain. RP Jacquet, C (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Foodborne Listeriosis, Ctr Natl Reference Listeria,Lab Listeria, 25-28 Rue Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris, France. EM christine.jacquet@pasteur.fr NR 7 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2648 EP 2650 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 989US UT WOS:000233700000021 PM 16355837 ER PT J AU Brunetti, E Filice, C Schantz, P Calum, M AF Brunetti, E Filice, C Schantz, P Calum, M TI Comment on 'Classification of hydatid liver cysts' by Kjossev and Losanoff SO JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ECHINOCOCCAL CYSTS C1 Univ Pavia, IRCCS S Matteo, Div Infect & Trop Dis, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Georges Univ, St Georges, Grenada. RP Brunetti, E (reprint author), Univ Pavia, IRCCS S Matteo, Div Infect & Trop Dis, Via Palestro 3, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0815-9319 J9 J GASTROEN HEPATOL JI J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1947 EP 1948 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.04018.x PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 982HC UT WOS:000233147700029 PM 16336463 ER PT J AU Guo, Z Garg, S Hill, KM Jayashankar, L Mooney, MR Hoelscher, M Katz, JM Boss, JM Sambhara, S AF Guo, Z Garg, S Hill, KM Jayashankar, L Mooney, MR Hoelscher, M Katz, JM Boss, JM Sambhara, S TI A distal regulatory region is required for constitutive and IFN-beta-induced expression of murine TLR9 gene SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; NF-KAPPA-B; ADAPTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DENDRITIC CELLS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; UP-REGULATION; CPG-DNA; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM; MOUSE MACROPHAGES; BACTERIAL-DNA AB TLR9 is critical for the recognition of unmethylated CpG DNA in innate immunity. Accumulating evidence suggests distinct patterns of TLR9 expression in various types of cells. However, the molecular mechanism of TLR9 expression has received little attention. In the present study, we demonstrate that transcription of murine TLR9 is induced by IFN-beta in peritoneal macrophages and a murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. TLR9 is regulated through two cis-acting regions, a distal regulatory region (DRR) and a proximal promoter region (PPR), which are separated by similar to 2.3 kbp of DNA. Two IFN-stimulated response element/IFN regulatory factor-element (ISRE/IRF-E) sites, ISRE/IRF-E1 and ISRE/IRF-E2, at the DRR and one AP-1 site at the PPR are required for constitutive expression of TLR9, while only the ISRE/IRF-E1 motif is essential for IFN-beta induction. In vivo genomic footprint assays revealed constitutive factor occupancy at the DRR and the PPR and an IFN-beta-induced occupancy only at the DRR. IRF-2 constitutively binds to the two ISRE/IRF-E sites at the DRR, while IRF-1 and STAT1 are induced to bind to the two ISRE/IRF-E sites and the ISRE/IRF-E1, respectively, only after IFN-beta treatment. AP-1 subunits, c-Jun and c-Fos, were responsible for the constitutive occupancy at the proximal region. Induction of TLR9 by IFN-beta was absent in STAT1(-/-) macrophages, while the level of TLR9 induction was decreased in IRF-1(-/-) cells. This study illustrates the crucial roles for AP-1, IRF-1, IRF-2, and STAT1 in the regulation of murine TLR9 expression. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettssial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettssial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssambhara@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 175 IS 11 BP 7407 EP 7418 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 987UZ UT WOS:000233544200042 PM 16301648 ER PT J AU Mast, EE Hwang, LY Seto, DSY Nolte, FS Nainan, OV Wurtzel, H Alter, MJ AF Mast, EE Hwang, LY Seto, DSY Nolte, FS Nainan, OV Wurtzel, H Alter, MJ TI Risk factors for perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the natural history of HCV infection acquired in infancy SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; B SURFACE-ANTIGEN; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; VAGINAL DELIVERY; MOTHERS; WOMEN; TYPE-1; COHORT; BORN AB Background. The goal of the present study was to assess risk factors for perinatal hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission and the natural history of infection among HCV-infected infants. Methods. In a cohort study, 244 infants born to HCV-positive mothers were followed from birth until age >= 12 months. Maternal serum was collected at enrollment and delivery; infant serum was collected at birth and at 8 well-child visits. Testing included detection of antibody to HCV, detection of HCV RNA (qualitative and quantitative), and genotyping. HCV-infected infants were followed annually until age 5 years. Results. Overall, 9 of 190 (4.7% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.3%-9.1%]) infants born to mothers who were HCV RNA positive at delivery became infected, compared with 0 of 54 infants born to HCV RNA-negative mothers (). Among HCV RNA-positive mothers, the rate of transmission was 3.8% (95% CI, 1.7%-8.1%) Pp. 10 from the 182 who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative, compared with 25.0% (95% CI, 4.5%-64.4%) from the 8 who were HIV positive (P < .05). Three infected infants resolved their infection (i.e., became HCV RNA negative). In multivariate analysis restricted to HCV RNA-positive mothers, membrane rupture >= 6 h (odds ratio [OR], 9.3 [95% CI, 1.5-179.7]) and internal fetal monitoring (OR, 6.7 [95% CI, 1.1-35.9]) were associated with transmission of HCV to infants. Conclusion. If duration of membrane rupture and internal fetal monitoring are confirmed to be associated with transmission, interventions may be possible to decrease the risk of transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Univ Hawaii, Kapiolani Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Mast, EE (reprint author), Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM emast@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 148 Z9 157 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 11 BP 1880 EP 1889 DI 10.1086/497701 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 980KU UT WOS:000233018200005 PM 16267758 ER PT J AU Best, JM Castillo-Solorzano, C Spika, JS Icenogle, J Glasser, JW Gay, NJ Andrus, J Arvin, AM AF Best, JM Castillo-Solorzano, C Spika, JS Icenogle, J Glasser, JW Gay, NJ Andrus, J Arvin, AM TI Reducing the global burden of congenital rubella syndrome: Report of the World Health Organization Steering Committee on Research Related to Measles and Rubella Vaccines and Vaccination, June 2004 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SYNDROME CRS; QUANTITATIVE INVESTIGATIONS; VIRUS; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDREN; IMPACT; AGE; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION AB Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) continue to be important health problems in many countries. In June 2004, the World Health Organization Steering Committee on Research Related to Measles and Rubella Vaccines and Vaccination met to evaluate data from research and operational activities and to identify critical scientific issues and gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed to improve the global control of rubella and CRS. Information about surveillance for rubella, natural and vaccine-induced immunity to rubella, laboratory diagnosis, the molecular epidemiological profile of rubella virus, and mathematical modeling to assess the burden of CRS and the impact of rubella vaccination was reviewed. This report summarizes the presentations and recommendations for future research. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Kings Coll London, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, London WC2R 2LS, England. Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, London, England. WHO, Reg Off Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org Reg Off Amer, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Immunizat Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Arvin, AM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 300 Pasteur Dr,Room G311, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aarvin@stanford.edu NR 61 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 11 BP 1890 EP 1897 DI 10.1086/497607 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 980KU UT WOS:000233018200006 PM 16267759 ER PT J AU Pai, R Moore, MR Pilishvili, T Gertz, RE Whitney, CG Beall, B AF Pai, R Moore, MR Pilishvili, T Gertz, RE Whitney, CG Beall, B CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Postvaccine genetic structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A from children in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; INVASIVE-DISEASE; POLYSACCHARIDE; INFECTIONS; CARRIAGE; IMPACT AB Background. The introduction of the 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) in children may result in serotype replacement. We estimated the rate of increase of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by serotype 19A in children <5 years old and determined the genetic composition of these isolates. Methods. Cases of IPD between July 1999 and June 2004 were identified through the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance. Serotype 19A isolates obtained from children <5 years old between January 2003 and June 2004 were characterized by serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Select isolates representing homologous PFGE clusters were subjected to multilocus sequence typing, and eBURST was used to delineate clonal groups. Results. Between July 1999 and June 2004, the overall rate of IPD decreased from 23.3 to 13.1 cases/100,000 population (P < .00001). In children <5 years old, the rate decreased from 88.7 to 22.4 cases/100,000 population (P < .00001), whereas the rate in persons >= 5 years old decreased from 18.4 to 12.4 cases/100,000 population (P < .0001). The rate of serotype 19A IPD in children <5 years old increased significantly from 2.6 cases/100,000 population in 1999-2000 to 6.5 cases/100,000 population in 2003-2004; this was accompanied by significant increases in penicillin nonsusceptibility (P = .008) and multidrug resistance (P = .002) among serotype 19A isolates. As was observed during the pre-PCV7 era, clonal complex (CC) 199 predominated within serotype 19A, representing similar to 70% of invasive serotype 19A isolates from children <5 years old during 2003-2004. New serotype 19A genotypes were observed during 2003-2004, including 6 CCs that were not found among pneumococcal serotype 19A isolates during surveillance in 1999. Conclusion. Serotype 19A is, at present, the most important cause of IPD by replacement serotypes, and it is increasingly drug resistant. CC199 is the predominant CC among type 19A serotypes in children <5 years old. Our data suggest that some of the increase in rates of infection with serotype 19A may be due to serotype switching within certain vaccine type strains. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop C02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbeall@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 237 Z9 246 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 11 BP 1988 EP 1995 DI 10.1086/498043 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 980KU UT WOS:000233018200019 PM 16267772 ER PT J AU Varma, JK Molbak, K Jones, TF Smith, KE Vugia, DJ Barrett, TJ Rabatsky-Ehr, T Angulo, FJ AF Varma, JK Molbak, K Jones, TF Smith, KE Vugia, DJ Barrett, TJ Rabatsky-Ehr, T Angulo, FJ TI Salmonella serotype typhimurium, not antimicrobial resistance per se, is associated with excess bloodstream infections and hospitalizations - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; FOOD ANIMALS; CONSEQUENCES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Minnesota Dept Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fja0@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 11 BP 2030 EP 2031 DI 10.1086/498047 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 980KU UT WOS:000233018200027 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BG AF Kennedy, BG TI Letter from the editor SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pub Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kennedy, BG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pub Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 006WX UT WOS:000234929500002 ER PT J AU Nelson, JC Adrine, RB Alpert, E Buel, S Graffunder, C AF Nelson, JC Adrine, RB Alpert, E Buel, S Graffunder, C TI Domestic violence in the adult years SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 Municiapl Court, Cleveland, OH USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Law, Austin, TX 78712 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP 28 EP 33 PG 6 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 006WX UT WOS:000234929500007 PM 16689154 ER PT J AU Wharton, M Hogan, R Segal-Freeman, P Hinman, A AF Wharton, M Hogan, R Segal-Freeman, P Hinman, A TI Childhood immunization: Exemptions and vaccine safety SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS ID THIMEROSAL; HEALTH C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Plymouth, MN USA. Task Force Childhood Survival Publ Hlth Informat, Decatur, GA USA. RP Wharton, M (reprint author), CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP 34 EP 37 PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 006WX UT WOS:000234929500008 PM 16689155 ER PT J AU Baily, MA Becker, W Hayes, M Clayton, EW Grosse, S AF Baily, MA Becker, W Hayes, M Clayton, EW Grosse, S TI Exploring options for expanded newborn screening SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 Hastings Ctr, Garrison, NY USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Newborn Screening Program, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Tumwater, WA USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Baily, MA (reprint author), Hastings Ctr, Garrison, NY USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP 46 EP 48 PG 3 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 006WX UT WOS:000234929500011 PM 16689158 ER PT J AU Shults, R Ellinger, N Wyss, T Chezem, LL AF Shults, R Ellinger, N Wyss, T Chezem, LL TI Alcohol-impaired drivers: Reducing the risk for children SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Motor Vehicle Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. MADD Natl, State Legislat Relat, Washington, DC USA. Indiana State Senate, Indianapolis, IN USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Agr, Dept Youth Dev & Agr Educ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Louisville, Inst Bioeth Hlth Policy & Law, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Shults, R (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Motor Vehicle Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP 49 EP 52 PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 006WX UT WOS:000234929500012 PM 16689159 ER PT J AU Volpert, T Derezinski, A Wechsler, H AF Volpert, T Derezinski, A Wechsler, H TI Reducing the risk of drugs in schools: Illegal use and medical management SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, Portland, OR USA. Michigan Assoc Sch Boards, Lansing, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Volpert, T (reprint author), Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, Portland, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 006WX UT WOS:000234929500014 PM 16689161 ER PT J AU Harp, TN McKenna, M Shute, Y Rutz, D AF Harp, TN McKenna, M Shute, Y Rutz, D TI Media, law, and the public's health SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 Connecticut State Senate, Hartford, CT USA. Atlanta Journal Constitut, Atlanta, GA USA. US News & World Report, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Hlth Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Harp, TN (reprint author), Connecticut State Senate, Hartford, CT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP 64 EP 65 PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 006WX UT WOS:000234929500016 PM 16689163 ER PT J AU Murphy, AM Hinrichs, SH Fox, P Stier, D Hodge, JG AF Murphy, AM Hinrichs, SH Fox, P Stier, D Hodge, JG TI Community and interjurisdictional legal preparedness SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Ctr Biosecur, Dept Pathol Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Montpellier, France. Int Emergency Management Grp, Montpellier, France. CDC, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Murphy, AM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Ctr Biosecur, Dept Pathol Microbiol, 985330 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 006WX UT WOS:000234929500019 PM 16689166 ER PT J AU Cardo, DM Brennan, PJ Peaden, D Khabbaz, R AF Cardo, DM Brennan, PJ Peaden, D Khabbaz, R TI Mandatory reporting of hospital-acquired infections: Steps for success SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Florida State Senate, Crestview, FL USA. RP Cardo, DM (reprint author), CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP 86 EP 88 PG 3 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 006WX UT WOS:000234929500023 PM 16689170 ER PT J AU Briss, PA Gostin, LO Gottfried, RN Snider, DE AF Briss, PA Gostin, LO Gottfried, RN Snider, DE TI Science and public health policy makers SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 CDC, Community Guide Sect, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. New York State Assembly, New York, NY USA. CDC, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Briss, PA (reprint author), CDC, Community Guide Sect, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP 89 EP 93 PG 5 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 006WX UT WOS:000234929500024 PM 16689171 ER PT J AU Perdue, WC Richards, EP Acree, KH Stroup, DF AF Perdue, WC Richards, EP Acree, KH Stroup, DF TI Legal frameworks for preventing chronic disease SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 Georgetown Law Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Chron Dis Control Branch, Sacramento, CA USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Perdue, WC (reprint author), Georgetown Law Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP 94 EP 97 PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 006WX UT WOS:000234929500025 PM 16689172 ER PT J AU Colman, V Pluto, DM McGowan, AK AF Colman, V Pluto, DM McGowan, AK TI Shaping healthy environments SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 US PHS, Olympia, WA USA. Univ S Carolina, Prevent Resource Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. CDC, Off Planning Evaluat & Legislat, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Colman, V (reprint author), US PHS, Olympia, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP 98 EP 101 PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 006WX UT WOS:000234929500026 PM 16689173 ER PT J AU Weinberg, M Cannell, R Moore, J Cetron, M AF Weinberg, M Cannell, R Moore, J Cetron, M TI Migration, law, and the public's health SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Law, Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Arizona State Senate, Phoenix, AZ USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Govt, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Weinberg, M (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 SU S BP 109 EP 110 PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 006WX UT WOS:000234929500029 PM 16689176 ER PT J AU Nicand, E Armstrong, GL Enouf, V Guthmann, JP Guerin, JP Caron, M Nizou, JY Andraghetti, R AF Nicand, E Armstrong, GL Enouf, V Guthmann, JP Guerin, JP Caron, M Nizou, JY Andraghetti, R TI Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis E virus in Darfur, Sudan, and neighboring Chad SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEV genotype; genetic diversity; refugee camp ID GENOME; HEV AB The within-outbreak diversity of hepatitis E virus (HEV) was studied during the outbreak of hepatitis E that occurred in Sudan in 2004. Specimens were collected from internally displaced persons living in a Sudanese refugee camp and two camps implanted in Chad. A comparison of the sequences in the ORF2 region of 23 Sudanese isolates and five HEV samples from the two Chadian camps displayed a high similarity (> 99.7%) to strains belonging to Genotype 1. But four isolates collected in one of the Chadian camps were close to Genotype 2. Circulation of divergent strains argues for possible multiple sources of infection. C1 Teaching Mil Hosp Val de Grace, Natl Reference Ctr Hepatitis E, F-75230 Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Epictr, Paris, France. WHO, CDS, Alert Response Outbreak, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Nicand, E (reprint author), Teaching Mil Hosp Val de Grace, Natl Reference Ctr Hepatitis E, 74 Blvd Port Royal, F-75230 Paris, France. EM en.biol-vdg@filnet.fr NR 7 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 77 IS 4 BP 519 EP 521 DI 10.1002/jmv.20487 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 982AC UT WOS:000233128100012 PM 16254969 ER PT J AU Brisson, MJ Ashley, K AF Brisson, MJ Ashley, K TI Analytical performance criteria - Sampling and analysis issues relating to the ACGIH (R) Notice of Intended Change for the beryllium threshold limit value SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Brisson, MJ (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 2 IS 12 BP D97 EP D99 DI 10.1080/15459620500397772 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 996EV UT WOS:000234158100001 PM 16298947 ER PT J AU Vollmer, WM Heumann, MA Breen, VR Henneberger, PK O'Connor, EA Villnave, JM Frazier, EA Buist, AS AF Vollmer, WM Heumann, MA Breen, VR Henneberger, PK O'Connor, EA Villnave, JM Frazier, EA Buist, AS TI Incidence of work-related asthma in members of a health maintenance organization SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; ONSET ASTHMA; SURVEILLANCE AB Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate work-related asthma among health maintenance organization (HMO) members. Recent reports suggest that the incidence of work-related asthma may be much higher than Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR) data estimate. Methods: Using the HMO's electronic medical record, we identified 1747 persons with evidence of new or recurrent asthma. Interviews with 352 of them elicited information about workplace exposures, symptoms, and home environment. Industrial hygienists rated the potential asthmagenicity of the respondents' work environments. Results: Based on the industrial hygienist ratings and self-reported work-relatedness of asthma symptoms, we classified 33% of those interviewed as having potentially work-related asthma, suggesting an overall work-related asthma incidence/recurrence rate of 28 cases per 10,000. Conclusions: The contribution of occupation to the occurrence of adult onset asthma may be much higher than typically suggested in the literature. C1 Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR 97227 USA. NW Permanent Associates, Portland, OR USA. Kaiser Permanente NW, Portland, OR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Vollmer, WM (reprint author), Ctr Hlth Res, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 USA. EM william.vollmer@kpchr.org FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U60/CCU916057] NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 IS 12 BP 1292 EP 1297 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000183339.66057.34 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 993GY UT WOS:000233943800015 PM 16340711 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Rajapakse, RPVJ Ekanayake, DK Sreekumar, C Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Rajapakse, RPVJ Ekanayake, DK Sreekumar, C Lehmann, T TI Isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from chickens from Sri Lanka SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGING CHICKENS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; BRAZIL; CATS; GENOTYPE; INFECTIONS; OOCYSTS; DISEASE; PARANA AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in 100 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Sri Lanka was determined. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies were found in 39 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 8, 1:10 in 8, 1:20 in 4, 1:40 in 5, 1:80 in 5, 1:160 in 5, 1:320 in 2, 1:640 or more in 2. Hearts and brains of 36 chickens with MAT titers of 1:5 or more were bioassayed in mice. Tissues of 3 chickens with doubtful titers of 1:5 were pooled and fed to a cat; the cat shed T gondii oocysts in its feces. Tissues from 61 chickens with titers of less than 1:5 were pooled and fed to 2 T. gondii-free cats; the cats did not shed oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 11 of 36 seropositive chickens by bioassay in mice. All 12 T. gondii isolates were avirulent for mice. Genotyping of 12 isolates using the SAG2 locus indicated that 6 were type III, and 6 were type II. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T. gondii from any host in Sri Lanka. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Peradeniya, Fac Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1480 EP 1482 DI 10.1645/GE-479R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 013GS UT WOS:000235398400039 PM 16539035 ER PT J AU Eke, PL Page, R Burt, B Schenkein, HA AF Eke, PL Page, R Burt, B Schenkein, HA TI Public health implications of periodontal infections in adults: Conference proceedings SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eke, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Mail Stop F-10,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM peke@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 65 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2005.tb02787.x PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 895EE UT WOS:000226842900008 PM 15751496 ER PT J AU Kann, L Grunbaum, J McKenna, ML Wechsler, H Galuska, DA AF Kann, L Grunbaum, J McKenna, ML Wechsler, H Galuska, DA TI Competitive foods and beverages available for purchase in secondary schools - Selected sites, United States, 2004 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB School Health Profiles is conducted biennially to assess characteristics of school health programs. State and local departments of education and health select either all public secondary schools within their jurisdictions or a systematic, equal-probability sample of public secondary schools to participate in School Health Profiles. At each school, the principal and lead health education teacher were sent questionnaires to be self-administered and returned to the state or local agency conducting the survey. In 2004, a total of 27 states and I I large urban school districts obtained weighted data from their survey of principals. The findings in this report indicate that the majority of secondary schools in 27 states and I I large urban school districts allow students to purchase snack foods or beverages from vending machines or at the school store, canteen, or snack bar The types of competitive foods and beverages available for purchase varied across states and large urban school districts. Overall, fruits or vegetables were less likely to be available for purchase than the other types of foods or beverages. Bottled water and soft drinks, sports drinks, or fruit drinks that are not 100% juice were most likely to be available for purchase. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Pediat Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kann, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD DEC PY 2005 VL 75 IS 10 BP 370 EP 374 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2005.00058.x PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 993SP UT WOS:000233975600002 PM 16313507 ER PT J AU Frances, SP Wirtz, RA AF Frances, SP Wirtz, RA TI Repellents: Past, present, and future SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Repellents held at the Annual Meeting of the American-Mosquito-Control-Association CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Mosquito Control Assoc ID NORTHEASTERN THAILAND; PERSONAL PROTECTION; MOSQUITO REPELLENT; ANOPHELES-DIRUS; DEET; PERMETHRIN; MALARIA; SOAP; FORMULATIONS; AUSTRALIA AB The use of repellents in protecting people against vector-borne diseases is predicated on the assertion that reducing human/vector contact will reduce the incidence of disease. The methods that have been used in developing countries have been simple to apply and relatively cheap. This article will discuss the use of repellents for protection against vector-borne disease in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific region. C1 Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. Ctr Dis Control, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Frances, SP (reprint author), Australian Army Malaria Inst, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 SU S BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[1:RPPAF]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 003JC UT WOS:000234676900001 PM 16921675 ER PT J AU Clark, GG Martinez, HQ AF Clark, GG Martinez, HQ TI Mosquito vector control and biology in Latin America - A 15th symposium SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mosquitoes; dengue; malaria; mosquito control; bionomics; Aedes; Anopheles; Boophilus; Culex; Lutzomyia; Rhodnius; Triatoma C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Entomol Lab, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. RP Clark, GG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Caflada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 412 EP 424 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)21[412:MVCABI]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 001WR UT WOS:000234573900012 PM 16570381 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Nelder, MP Korecki, JA AF Reeves, Will K. Nelder, Mark P. Korecki, James A. TI Bartonella and Rickettsia in fleas and lice from mammals in South Carolina, USA SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rickettsia; Bartonella; murine typhus; lice; fleas ID MURINE TYPHUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SQUIRRELS; SPP.; IDENTIFICATION; ECTOPARASITES; TRANSMISSION; SIPHONAPTERA; INFECTION; OPOSSUMS AB Species in the genera Bartonella and Rickettsia are vector-borne pathogens of humans and domestic animals. The natural reservoirs and enzootic transmission cycles of these bacteria are poorly known in South Carolina. Thirteen species of lice and fleas were collected from urban animals and screened for the presence of Bartonella and Rickettsia by PCR amplification using genus-specific primers. Bartonella henselae was present in cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and a novel genotype of Bartonella was detected in Orchopeas howardi from an eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). We detected R. typhi and three novel genotypes Rickettsia in other species of fleas and lice. Rickettsia typhi, the causative agent of murine typhus, was detected in two pools of lice (Enderleinellus marmotae) from the woodchuck (Marmota monax). Cat fleas harbored one of two novel genotypes of Rickettsia. A third novel Rickettsia was detected in Orchopeas howardi from an eastern gray squirrel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virol & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virol & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mailstop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 310 EP 315 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 082NH UT WOS:000240393100022 PM 16599169 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Loftis, AD Gore, JA Dasch, GA AF Reeves, Will K. Loftis, Amanda D. Gore, Jeffery A. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Molecular evidence for novel Bartonella species in Trichobius major (Diptera : Streblidae) and Cimex adjunctus (Hemiptera : Cimicidae) from two southeastern bat caves, USA SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bartonella; Cimicidae; Hippoboscidae; Nycteribiidae; Streblidae ID SPP.; IDENTIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; FLIES; PCR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Terrestrial Mammals Res Program, Panama City, FL 32409 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 339 EP 341 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 082NH UT WOS:000240393100028 PM 16599175 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Garcia-Sastre, A Taubenberger, JK Palese, P Swayne, DE Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Schultz-Cherry, S Solorzano, A Van Rooijen, N Katz, JM Basler, CF AF Tumpey, TM Garcia-Sastre, A Taubenberger, JK Palese, P Swayne, DE Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Schultz-Cherry, S Solorzano, A Van Rooijen, N Katz, JM Basler, CF TI Pathogenicity of influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus: Functional roles of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in limiting virus replication and mortality in mice SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A H5N1 VIRUSES; SPANISH INFLUENZA; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HOST-DEFENSE; INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN-2; INTERFERON-GAMMA; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; VIRAL-INFECTION; LUNG INJURY AB The Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918 to 1919 swept the globe and resulted in the deaths of at least 20 million people. The basis of the pulmonary damage and high lethality caused by the 1918 H1N1 influenza virus remains largely unknown. Recombinant influenza viruses bearing the 1918 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins were rescued in the genetic background of the human A/Texas/36/91 (H1N1) (1918 HA/NA:Tx/91) virus. Pathogenesis experiments revealed that the 1918 HA/NA:Tx/91 virus was lethal for BALB/c mice without the prior adaptation that is usually required for human influenza A H1N1 viruses. The increased mortality of 1918 HA/NA:Tx/91-infected mice was accompanied by (i) increased (>200-fold) viral replication, (H) greater influx of neutrophils into the lung, (iii) increased numbers of alveolar macrophages (AMs), and (iv) increased protein expression of cytokines and chemokines in lung tissues compared with the levels seen for control Tx/91 virus-infected mice. Because pathological changes in AMs and neutrophil migration correlated with lung inflammation, we assessed the role of these cells in the pathogenesis associated with 1918 HA/NA:Tx/91 virus infection. Neutrophil and/or AM depletion initiated 3 or 5 days after infection did not have a significant effect on the disease outcome following a lethal 1918 HA/NA:Tx/91 virus infection. By contrast, depletion of these cells before a sublethal infection with 1918 HA/NA:Tx/91 virus resulted in uncontrolled virus growth and mortality in mice. In addition, neutrophil and/or AM depletion was associated with decreased expression of cytokines and chemokines. These results indicate that a human influenza H1N1 virus possessing the 1918 HA and NA glycoproteins can induce severe lung inflammation consisting of AMs and neutrophils, which play a role in controlling the replication and spread of 1918 HA/NA:Tx/91 virus after intranasal infection of mice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DVRD, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30606 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Mol Cell Biol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DVRD, Influenza Branch, Mail Stop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI058113-01, P01 AI058113] NR 77 TC 294 Z9 307 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 79 IS 23 BP 14933 EP 14944 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.23.14933-14944.2005 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 984CE UT WOS:000233279300047 PM 16282492 ER PT J AU Ressler-Maerlender, J Krishna, R Robison, V AF Ressler-Maerlender, J Krishna, R Robison, V TI Oral health during pregnancy: Current research SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article AB This report describes recent efforts by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Oral Health, to understand more fully women's knowledge and attitudes regarding oral health and dental visits during pregnancy. Using data from the CDC Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), investigators are conducting both quantitative and qualitative research on these issues. PRAMS is an ongoing state-based and population-based surveillance survey of women's attitudes, experiences, and behaviors before, during, and after pregnancy. Findings have shown that most mothers did not make a dental visit during pregnancy, and of those who reported having oral problems, one-half did not seek care. Preliminary analysis of qualitative results shows that some women may believe that poor oral health status during pregnancy is normal; also, they may fear certain aspects of dental care during pregnancy. For example, some women may believe that they or their fetus could be harmed by treatment. If pregnancy modifies perceptions of oral health and dental care in women, it may contribute to women's avoidance of dental treatment while pregnant. Therefore, researchers and health program planners should give increased attention to the oral health needs and behaviors of pregnant women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Chamblee, GA USA. RP Robison, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, CORP 11 2307,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM vcr6@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 10 BP 880 EP 882 DI 10.1089/jwh.2005.14.880 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 998VN UT WOS:000234348100001 PM 16372888 ER PT J AU Reis, JP Dubose, KD Ainsworth, BE Macera, CA Yore, MM AF Reis, JP Dubose, KD Ainsworth, BE Macera, CA Yore, MM TI Reliability and validity of the occupational physical activity questionnaire SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE exercise; epidemiologic assessment; survey; accuracy; repeatability ID ACCURACY; DISEASE; RECALL; HEALTH AB Introduction: Few questionnaires have been designed for wide-scale, population-based surveillance of occupational physical activity (PA) behaviors. Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the test-retest reliability and validity of the Occupational Physical Activity Questionnaire (OPAQ) designed to assess the usual weekly duration of occupational sitting or standing, walking, and heavy labor activities. Methods: Analyses were based on a convenience sample of 41 adults (13 men, 28 women) (mean +/- SD, 38.8 +/- 9.9 yr) who worked in a broad range of occupations. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to evaluate the 2-wk test-retest reliability of the OPAQ. Spearman correlations were used to assess criterion (occupational PA record, Actigraph) and construct (cardiorespiratory fitness, percent body fat) related validity. Convergent validity with the current Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) occupational PA question was evaluated with the kappa coefficient. Results: The 2-wk test-retest reliability coefficients for the OPAQ hours per week ranged from an ICC of 0.55 to 0.91. Fair-to-substantial criterion validity was observed for like activities on the OPAQ and a detailed 7-d occupational PA record for sitting or standing (r = 0.37), walking (r = 0.74), and heavy labor activity (r = 0.31). OPAQ walking was related to PA record moderate-intensity PA (r = 0.41), Actigraph occupational light-intensity counts (r 0.41), and Actigraph total counts (r = 0.44). Associations observed between the OPAQ and submaximal exercise heart rate or percent body fat were low (r = -0.17 to 0.32). Convergent validity displaying the ability of the OPAQ to correctly identify participants who performed mostly sitting or standing, mostly walking, or mostly heavy labor at work was substantial [kappa = 0.71 (95% CI = 0.49, 0.94)]. Conclusions: The test-retest reliability and validity of the OPAQ are similar to other established occupational PA questionnaires. This preliminary study supports the use of the OPAQ in research and surveillance settings. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutrit Sci, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Kansas, Schiefelbusch Inst Life Span Studies, Ctr Phys Act & Weight Management, Lawrence, KS USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutrit Sci, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ainsworth, BE (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutrit Sci, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM bainswor@mail.sdsu.edu NR 24 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2075 EP 2083 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000179103.20821.00 PG 9 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 992DY UT WOS:000233865800009 PM 16331132 ER PT J AU Devasia, RA Varma, JK Whichard, J Gettner, S Cronquist, AB Hurd, S Segler, S Smith, K Hoefer, D Shiferaw, B Angulo, FJ Jones, TF AF Devasia, RA Varma, JK Whichard, J Gettner, S Cronquist, AB Hurd, S Segler, S Smith, K Hoefer, D Shiferaw, B Angulo, FJ Jones, TF TI Antimicrobial use and outcomes in patients with multidrug-resistant and pansusceptible Salmonella Newport infections, 2002-2003 SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE-MECHANISMS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES; NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; SEROTYPE NEWPORT; FECAL EXCRETION; CIPROFLOXACIN; TYPHIMURIUM; ILLNESS; CONSEQUENCES; OUTBREAK AB Multidrug-resistaut Salmonella Newport with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone (MDR-AmpC) is becoming increasingly common in its food animal reservoirs and in humans. Few data exist on rates of antimicrobial use or differences in clinical outcomes in persons infected with MDR-AmpC or other Salmonella strains. We conducted a case-comparison analysis of data from a multistate population-based case-control study to identify antimicrobial treatment choices and differences in clinical outcomes in those infected with MDR-AmpC compared to pansusceptible S. Newport. Of isolates from 215 laboratory-confirmed S. Newport cases, 54 (25%) were MDR-AmpC, 146 (68%) were pansusceptible, and 15 (7%) had other resistance patterns; 146 (68%) patients with S. Newport were treated with antimicrobial agents and 66 (33%) were hospitalized. Over two-thirds of cases at low-risk for serious complications received antimicrobial therapy, most commonly with fluoroquinolones, to which this strain was susceptible. There were no significant differences in symptoms, hospitalization, duration of illness, or other outcomes between the persons infected with MDR-AmpC and pansusceptible S. Newport. Although currently prevalent MDR-AmpC S. Newport strains remains susceptible to the antimicrobial most commonly prescribed for it, continued efforts to reduce unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents in food animals and humans are critical to prevent further development of resistance to quinolones and cephalosporins, which is likely to lead to substantial adverse outcomes. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EPO, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Commun & Environm Dis Serv, Dept Hlth, Cordell Hull Bldg,4th Floor 425 5th Ave, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. EM tim.f.jones@state.tn.us NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist.-Mechan. Epidemiol. Dis. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 371 EP 377 DI 10.1089/mdr.2005.11.371 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 000LO UT WOS:000234463700009 PM 16359197 ER PT J AU Fischer, M Bhatnagar, J Guarner, J Reagan, S Hacker, JK Van Meter, SH Poukens, V Whiteman, DB Iton, A Cheung, M Dassey, DE Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR AF Fischer, M Bhatnagar, J Guarner, J Reagan, S Hacker, JK Van Meter, SH Poukens, V Whiteman, DB Iton, A Cheung, M Dassey, DE Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR TI Brief report - Fatal toxic shock syndrome associated with Clostridium sordellii after medical abortion SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; UNITED-STATES; DIFFICILE CYTOTOXIN; POSTPARTUM; INFECTION; DEATHS; MIFEPRISTONE; PERFRINGENS; EPISIOTOMY; STRAINS AB Endometritis and toxic shock syndrome associated with Clostridium sordiellii have previously been reported after childbirth and, in one case, after medical abortion. We describe four deaths due to endometritis and toxic shock syndrome associated with C. sordellii that occurred within one week after medically induced abortions. Clinical findings tachycardia, hypotension, edema, hemoconcentration, profound leukocytosis, absence of fever. These cases indicate the need for physician awareness of this and for further study of its association with medical abortion. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Calif Emerging Infect Program, Richmond, CA USA. Alameda Cty Coroners Off, Oakland, CA USA. Dept Hlth, Oakland, CA USA. Dept Coroner, Los Angeles, CA USA. Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Orange Cty Hlth Care Agcy, Santa Clara, CA USA. RP Fischer, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087,Mailstop P-02, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM mfischer@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 39 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 22 BP 2352 EP 2360 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa051620 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 988EO UT WOS:000233574600007 PM 16319384 ER PT J AU Shinogle, JA Owings, MF Kozk, LJ AF Shinogle, JA Owings, MF Kozk, LJ TI Gastric bypass as treatment for obesity: Trends, characteristics, and complications SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE National Hospital Discharge Survey; length of stay; payment source; comorbidities; race ID WEIGHT-LOSS SURGERY; BARIATRIC SURGERY; MORBID-OBESITY; UNITED-STATES; IMPACT; CARE; OUTCOMES; COSTS AB Objective: This paper describes national trends in gastric bypass procedures from 1998 through 2003 and explores the demographic and health profile of those who receive this procedure. Short-term outcomes such as length of stay and in-hospital complication rates are also examined. Research Methods and Procedures: Data on obese hospital inpatients who had gastric bypass were obtained from the 1998 to 2003 National Hospital Discharge Survey. Gastric bypass was reported for an estimated 288,000 discharges during the 6-year Study period. Trends within the 6-year period were tested using weighted regression. Characteristics of gastric bypass patients were compared with those of other inpatients using a chi(2) test of independence and the two-sided t test. Results: The estimated number of hospital discharges with Gastric bypass increased significantly, from 14,000 in 1998 to 108,000 in 2003. During this period, the average length of stay declined by 56% from 7.2 to 3.2 days. Gastric bypass patients were primarily women (84%). 25 to 54 years of age (82%). and privately insured (76%). A 1 in 10 complication rate was found for discharges with gastric bypass. Discussion: Gastric bypass procedures in the United States have increased rapidly since 1998, whereas the average hospital stay has decreased. The decreasing length of stay needs to be evaluated in conjunction with potential complication rates and the permanent change in anatomy and lifestyle that must accompany this procedure. Monitoring trends in use of this procedure is important, especially if reimbursement policies change and the epidemic of obesity continues. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, RTI Int, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Shinogle, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, RTI Int, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 1615 M St NW,Suite 740, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM jshinogle@rti.org NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 13 IS 12 BP 2202 EP 2209 DI 10.1038/oby.2005.273 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 004WM UT WOS:000234783300023 PM 16421356 ER PT J AU Berg, CJ Harper, MA Atkinson, SM Bell, EA Brown, HL Hage, ML Mitra, AG Moise, KJ Callaghan, WM AF Berg, CJ Harper, MA Atkinson, SM Bell, EA Brown, HL Hage, ML Mitra, AG Moise, KJ Callaghan, WM TI Preventability of pregnancy-related deaths - Results of a state-wide review SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; PERIPARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY; CARE; RECOMMENDATIONS; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: Although the risk of death from complications of pregnancy in the 20th century has decreased dramatically, several lines of evidence suggest that it has not reached an irreducible minimum. To further reduce pregnancy-related mortality, we must understand which deaths are potentially preventable and the changes needed to prevent them. We sought to identify all pregnancy-related deaths in North Carolina and conduct a comprehensive review examining ways in which the number of these deaths could potentially be reduced. METHODS: The North Carolina Pregnancy-Related Mortality Review Committee reviewed all of the 108 pregnancy-related deaths (women who died during or within 1 year of the end of pregnancy from a complication of pregnancy or its treatment) that occurred in the state in 1995-1999. For each death, the committee determined the cause of death, whether it could have been prevented, and if so, the means by which it might have been prevented. RESULTS: Although overall, 40% of pregnancy-related deaths were potentially preventable, this varied by the cause of death. Almost all deaths due to hemorrhage and complications of chronic diseases were believed to be potentially preventable, whereas none of the deaths due to amniotic fluid embolus, microangiopathic hemolytic syndrome, and cerebrovascular accident were considered preventable. Improved quality of medical care was considered to be the most important factor in preventing these deaths. Among African-American women, 46% of deaths were potentially preventable, compared with 33% of the deaths among white women. CONCLUSION: Despite the decline in pregnancy-related mortality rates, almost one half of these deaths could potentially be prevented, mainly through improved quality of medical care. In-depth review of pregnancy-related deaths can help determine strategies needed to continue making pregnancy safer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Eastern Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Coastal Area Hlth Educ, Wilmington, NC USA. Carolinas Med Ctr, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. RP Berg, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway MS K-23, Atlanta, GA USA. EM cjb3@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 153 Z9 161 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 106 IS 6 BP 1228 EP 1234 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000187894.71913.e8 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 989SX UT WOS:000233695200003 PM 16319245 ER PT J AU Chen, KT Segu, M Lumey, LH Kuhn, L Carter, RJ Bulterys, M Abrams, EJ AF Chen, KT Segu, M Lumey, LH Kuhn, L Carter, RJ Bulterys, M Abrams, EJ CA PACTS Grp TI Genital herpes simplex virus infection and perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOTHER-TO-CHILD; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-1 TRANSMISSION; FREQUENT DETECTION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; TYPE-1 RNA; RISK; PREDICTORS; ZIDOVUDINE AB OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in HIV-infected women clinically diagnosed with genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection during pregnancy. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 402 HIV-infected pregnant women who enrolled from 19941999 in a multicenter prospective cohort study in New York City, who delivered a liveborn singleton infant with known HIV infection status, and who had information on diagnosis of genital HSV infection during pregnancy. Study participants were determined to have genital HSV infection during pregnancy by documentation of clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: Forty-six (11.4%) of the study participants delivered HIV-infected infants. Twenty-one (5.2%) had clinical diagnosis of genital HSV infection in pregnancy. Six (28.6%) of the 21 HIV-infected women with a clinical diagnosis of genital HSV infection delivered an HIV-infected infant. In univariate analyses, HIV-infected pregnant women with clinical diagnosis of genital HSV infection during pregnancy had a significantly increased risk of perinatal HIV transmission (odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.3-9.3; P = .02). When other factors associated with perinatal HIV transmission were included in a logistic regression model (lack of zidovudine therapy during pregnancy or delivery, prolonged rupture of membranes, and preterm delivery), clinical, diagnosis of genital HSV infection during pregnancy remained a significant independent predictor of perinatal HIV transmission (adjusted odds ratio 4.8, 95% confidence interval 1.3-17.0; P = .02). CONCLUSION: Clinical diagnosis of genital HSV infection during pregnancy in HIV-infected women may be a risk factor for perinatal HIV transmission. If future studies confirm this association, therapy to suppress genital HSV reactivation during pregnancy may be a strategy to reduce perinatal HIV transmission. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Gertrude H Sergievsky Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Gertrude H Sergievsky Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Harlem Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Fdn Barcelona SIDA 2002, Barcelona, Spain. Med & Hlth Res Assoc, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chen, KT (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Gertrude H Sergievsky Ctr, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM ktc10@columbia.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [SK12 HD01275]; ODCDC CDC HHS [064 CCU 200937] NR 39 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 106 IS 6 BP 1341 EP 1348 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000185917.90004.7c PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 989SX UT WOS:000233695200019 PM 16319261 ER PT J AU Gwinn, MR Keshava, C Olivero, OA Humsi, JA Poirier, MC Weston, A AF Gwinn, MR Keshava, C Olivero, OA Humsi, JA Poirier, MC Weston, A TI Transcriptional signatures of normal human mammary epithelial cells in response to benzo[a]pyrene exposure: A comparison of three microarray platforms SO OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CDNA MICROARRAYS; DNA MICROARRAYS AB Microarrays are used to study gene expression in a variety of biological systems. A number of different platforms have been developed, but few studies exist that have directly compared the performance of one platform with another. The goal of this study was to determine array variation by analyzing the same RNA samples with three different array platforms. Using gene expression responses to benzo[a] pyrene exposure in normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs), we compared the results of gene expression profiling using three microarray platforms: photolithographic oligonucleotide arrays (Affymetrix), spotted oligonucleotide arrays (Amersham), and spotted cDNA arrays (NCI). While most previous reports comparing microarrays have analyzed pre-existing data from different platforms, this comparison study used the same sample assayed on all three platforms, allowing for analysis of variation from each array platform. In general, poor correlation was found with corresponding measurements from each platform. Each platform yielded different gene expression profiles, suggesting that while microarray analysis is a useful discovery tool, further validation is needed to extrapolate results for broad use of the data. Also, microarray variability needs to be taken into consideration, not only in the data analysis but also in specific probe selection for each array type. C1 NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NCI, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, LCCTP, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIOSH, Mol Epidemiol Team, Toxicol Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,CDCP, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Weston, A (reprint author), CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop L-3014, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM agw8@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1536-2310 J9 OMICS JI OMICS PD DEC PY 2005 VL 9 IS 4 BP 334 EP 350 DI 10.1089/omi.2005.9.334 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 006UG UT WOS:000234922200003 PM 16402892 ER PT J AU Melton, LJ Looker, AC Shepherd, JA O'Connor, MK Achenbach, SJ Riggs, BL Khosla, S AF Melton, LJ Looker, AC Shepherd, JA O'Connor, MK Achenbach, SJ Riggs, BL Khosla, S TI Osteoporosis assessment by whole body region vs. site-specific DXA SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE bone density; epidemiology; fractures; osteoporosis; prevalence ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; LUMBAR SPINE; DENSITOMETRY; WOMEN; MEN; PREVALENCE; FRACTURES; DIAGNOSIS; ADULTS AB The ability of regional data from whole body scans to provide an accurate assessment of site-specific BMD, osteoporosis prevalence and fracture risk has not been fully explored. To address these issues, we measured total body (TBBD) and site-specific BMD in an age-stratified population sample of 351 women (21-93 years) and 348 men (22-90 years). We found an excellent correlation between AP lumbar spine and total body lumbar spine subregion BMD (r(2)=0.92), but weaker ones for total hip compared to pelvis region (r(2)=0.72) or between total wrist and left arm subregion from the whole body scan (r(2)=0.83). The error in estimating site-specific BMD from total body regions ranged from 4.3% (lumbar spine) to 11.2% (femoral neck) in women and from 4.9 to 11.1%, respectively, in men. Site-specific versus regional measurements at the lumbar spine and total hip/pelvis provided comparable overall estimates of osteoporosis prevalence, but disagreed on the status of individuals; measurements at whole body regions underestimated osteoporosis as assessed at the femoral neck or total wrist. All measurements were associated with a history of various fractures [age adjusted odds ratios (OR), 1.3 to 2.1 in women and 1.2 to 1.5 in men] and were generally interchangeable, but femoral neck BMD provided the best estimate of osteoporotic fracture risk in women (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.7-5.0). Although there are strong correlations between BMD from dedicated scans of the hip, spine and distal forearm and corresponding regions on the whole body scan, the measurements provide somewhat different estimates of osteoporosis prevalence and fracture risk. C1 Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Div Epidemiol, Dept Hlth Sci, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Div Biostat, Dept Hlth Sci, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Div Phys & Nucl Pharm, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Internal Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Melton, LJ (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Div Epidemiol, Dept Hlth Sci, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Khosla, Sundeep/0000-0002-2936-4372 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR27065] NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1558 EP 1564 DI 10.1007/s00198-005-1871-y PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 993YZ UT WOS:000233997600012 PM 15812599 ER PT J AU Jaggi, P Tanz, RR Beall, B Shulman, ST AF Jaggi, P Tanz, RR Beall, B Shulman, ST TI Age influences the emm type distribution of pediatric group A streptococcal pharyngeal isolates SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pyogenes; M type; children ID UNITED-STATES; PYOGENES; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDREN; DISEASE; VACCINE AB Background: emm types 12, 1, 28, 3, 4, 2 and 6 (in that order.) are the types most commonly associated with uncomplicated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis in the United States, together accounting for similar to 78% of isolates. Objective: To determine whether the distribution of common pharyngeal group A streptococcal GAS types differs at various ages throughout childhood. Study Design: We emm typed 3356 GAS isolates collected from the United States and Canada during 3 streptococcal seasons (20002003). Variations in prevalence by age for the 7 most prevalent emm types and the "uncommon" category (all types accounting for < 5% of the total number of isolates) were analyzed and assessed for significance by chi(2). Results: The proportion of uncommon isolates increased significantly with increasing age from 18% in group 1 to 37% in group 4 (P = 0.001). We found a significant decrease in the proportion of the common pharyngeal emm types, specifically emm 12 and emm 4 type isolates, with increasing age (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively); there was no significant decline in the prevalence of other common pharyngeal types (emm 1, 2, 3, 6 and 28) with increasing age. Conclusion: Age-related changes in emm type distribution of pharyngeal GAS are present in childhood; these changes may reflect acquisition of immunity to more common types as a consequence of exposure early in life, but this remains to be demonstrated. C1 Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jaggi, P (reprint author), Childrens Mem Hosp, 2300 Childrens Plaza,Box 20, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM jaggi@childrensmemorial.org RI Jaggi, Preeti/E-3303-2011 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1089 EP 1092 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000190023.89759.96 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 996KU UT WOS:000234173600012 PM 16371871 ER PT J AU Kimura, AC Calvet, H Higa, JI Pitt, H Frank, C Padilla, G Arduino, M Vugia, DJ AF Kimura, AC Calvet, H Higa, JI Pitt, H Frank, C Padilla, G Arduino, M Vugia, DJ TI Outbreak of Ralstonia pickettii bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Ralstonia pickettii; nosocomial infections; neonatal intensive care unit; heparin flush ID PSEUDOMONAS-PICKETTII; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS AB Background: Ralstonia pickettii is a Gram-negative bacillus commonly found in soil and moist environments; however, R. pickettii is rarely isolated front clinical specimens. In August 2001, a cluster of R. pickettii bacteremia occurred among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants at a California hospital. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to determine risk factors for infection. A case was a NICU patient with R. pickettii bacteremia. Controls were NICU infants with negative blood cultures drawn during the same time period. A detailed environmental investigation was also conducted. Results: We identified 18 patients with 19 distinct episodes of R. pickettii bacteremia from July 30 through August 30, 2001. All cases had intravascular access at the time of bacteremia. Although the case-control Study did not implicate any statistically significant risk factors, the most likely source of the outbreak was the heparin flush prepared in the hospital pharmacy. This is supported by the following: (1) the heparin flush was the only substance introduced directly into the bloodstream of all case infants; (2) the heparin flush was used exclusively by the NICU; and (3) no further cases were identified after the heparin flush was discontinued. Cultures of remaining heparin flush and environmental cultures from the NICU were negative for R. pickettii. Conclusions: This unusual outbreak of R. pickettii bacteremia was most likely caused by contaminated heparin flush and ended after the heparin flush was discontinued. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Gardena, CA USA. Long Beach Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Long Beach, CA USA. Long Beach Mem Med Ctr, Long Beach, CA USA. Miller Childrens Hosp, Long Beach, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Kimura, AC (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Gardena, CA USA. EM akimura@dhs.ca.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1099 EP 1103 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000190059.54356.f3 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 996KU UT WOS:000234173600014 PM 16371873 ER PT J AU Yeung, LF Lurie, P Dayan, G Eduardo, E Britz, PH Redd, SB Papania, MJ Seward, JF AF Yeung, LF Lurie, P Dayan, G Eduardo, E Britz, PH Redd, SB Papania, MJ Seward, JF TI A limited measles outbreak in a highly vaccinated US boarding school SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE measles; measles-mumps-rubella vaccine; vaccines; disease outbreaks; immunizations; school; school-aged children ID UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMMUNITY AB Objectives. We investigated a measles outbreak that began in March 2003 in a Pennsylvania boarding school with >600 students to identify all cases, including the source; implement outbreak control measures; and evaluate vaccine effectiveness. Methods. Measles was suspected in any person at the school with a generalized rash and fever during March 21 to May 28, 2003 and investigated with serologic testing. We reviewed vaccination history from school records and conducted a survey to determine country of measles vaccination. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated using the cohort method. Results. We identified 9 laboratory-confirmed cases at the school: 8 students and 1 staff member. Among them, 2 had never received any doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV), 1 received 1 dose of MCV, and 6 received 2 doses of MCV. Three of the 6 who received 2 doses of MCV received both doses outside the United States. The source case had been infected in Lebanon. Two laboratory-confirmed spread cases were identified in New York City. Measles virus of genotype D4 was isolated in cases from the school and New York City. Of the 663 students in the school, 8 (1.2%) had never received any doses of MCV, 26 (3.9%) had received 1 dose, and 629 (94.9%) had received 2 doses before the outbreak. Vaccine effectiveness among students who had received 2 doses of MCV was 98.6%. However, students who received both doses outside the United States had a higher attack rate (3 of 75) than those who received both doses in the United States (3 of 509; rate ratio: 6.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.4-33.0). Conclusions. This is the largest measles outbreak to occur in a school in the United States since 1998, but it was limited to only 9 cases in a boarding school with >600 students. The limited extent of this outbreak highlights the high level of population immunity achieved in the United States through widespread implementation of a 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccination strategy in school-aged children. States and schools should continue to enforce strictly the 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccination requirement and, in an outbreak setting, consider revaccinating students who received measles vaccine outside of the United States. Continued vigilance by health care providers is needed to recognize measles cases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Yeung, LF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LYeung@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2005 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1287 EP 1291 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2718 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 989JH UT WOS:000233668200003 PM 16322148 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Morrow, B Hsia, J AF Ahluwalia, IB Morrow, B Hsia, J TI Why do women stop breastfeeding? Findings from the pregnancy risk assessment and monitoring system SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; behavioral intentions; maternal; child health ID MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT; INFANT ILLNESS; SMOKING; HEALTH; INITIATION; DURATION; PROGRAM; OBESITY; MOTHERS AB Objective. We examined breastfeeding behaviors, periods of vulnerability for breastfeeding cessation, reasons for breastfeeding cessation, and the association between predelivery intentions and breastfeeding behaviors. Study Design. Using 2 years ( 2000 and 2001) of data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System we assessed the percentage of women who began breastfeeding, continued for < 1 week, continued for 1 to 4 weeks, and continued for > 4 weeks and their reasons for not initiating or stopping. Predelivery breastfeeding intentions of women and their relationship with subsequent breastfeeding behaviors were examined also. Results. We found that 32% of women did not initiate breastfeeding, 4% started but stopped within the first week, 13% stopped within the first month, and 51% continued for > 4 weeks. Younger women and those with limited socioeconomic resources were more likely to stop breastfeeding within the first month. Reasons for cessation included sore nipples, inadequate milk supply, infant having difficulties, and the perception that the infant was not satiated. Women who intended to breastfeed, thought they might breastfeed, or had ambivalent feelings about breastfeeding were more likely to initiate breastfeeding and to continue through the vulnerable periods of early infancy than were those who did not plan to breastfeed. Conclusions. Our findings indicate a need to provide extensive breastfeeding support after delivery, particularly to women who may experience difficulties in breastfeeding. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM iahluwalia@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2005 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1408 EP 1412 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0013 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 989JH UT WOS:000233668200020 PM 16322165 ER PT J AU Block, RW Hibbard, RA Jenny, C Kellogg, N Spivack, BS Stirling, J Klevens, J Corwin, D Hurley, TP AF Block, RW Hibbard, RA Jenny, C Kellogg, N Spivack, BS Stirling, J Klevens, J Corwin, D Hurley, TP CA Comm Child Abuse and Neglect TI Oral and dental aspects of child abuse and neglect SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE bite marks; sexual abuse; physical abuse; dental neglect ID DENTISTRY; GONORRHEA AB In all 50 states, physicians and dentists are required to report suspected cases of abuse and neglect to social service or law enforcement agencies. The purpose of this report is to review the oral and dental aspects of physical and sexual abuse and dental neglect and the role of physicians and dentists in evaluating such conditions. This report addresses the evaluation of bite marks as well as perioral and intraoral injuries, infections, and diseases that may cause suspicion for child abuse or neglect. Physicians receive minimal training in oral health and dental injury and disease and, thus, may not detect dental aspects of abuse or neglect as readily as they do child abuse and neglect involving other areas of the body. Therefore, physicians and dentists are encouraged to collaborate to increase the prevention, detection, and treatment of these conditions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Block, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2005 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1565 EP 1568 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2315 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 989JH UT WOS:000233668200042 ER PT J AU Green-Raleigh, K Lawrence, JM Chen, HC AF Green-Raleigh, K Lawrence, JM Chen, HC TI Pregnancy planning status and health behaviors among nonpregnant women in a California managed health care organization SO PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; UNITED-STATES; FOLIC-ACID; PREVENTION; SMOKING AB CONTEXT: Women's behaviors before and during pregnancy con affect their infants' health. Particularly because many births in the United States are unintended, it is important to understand women's health behaviors and pregnancy planning status before they become pregnant. METHODS:A telephone survey of nonpregnant women of childbearing age who belonged to a Southern California managed care plan was conducted from 1998 through 2000. Survey data were analyzed in logistic regression models assessing differences in selected behaviors between women planning pregnancy and others. RESULTS. Compared with women not planning pregnancy, those planning pregnancy within the next year ("soon") were less likely to report smoking (odds ratio, 0.6), and more likely to report taking a multivitamin regularly (1.4) and having had a health core visit in the past year (1.6). Women planning a pregnancy more than one year in the future hod elevated odds of reporting alcohol use (1.4); they were similar to women not planning pregnancy with respect to multivitamin use and smoking behavior. Women planning pregnancy soon were more likely than women not planning pregnancy to report that a health core professional had talked to them about taking a vitamin or mineral supplement (1.6). CONCLUSIONS: All women of childbearing age need information about the importance of engaging in healthy behaviors. Health care providers who have regular contact with such women should send clear messages about the adverse effects of alcohol and smoking during pregnancy and the importance of taking a multivitamin regularly, regardless of women's pregnancy plans, before they become pregnant. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Dept Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Green-Raleigh, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. EM kmr9@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 1538-6341 J9 PERSPECT SEX REPRO H JI Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1931-2393.2005.tb00242.x PG 5 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 994CU UT WOS:000234008700003 PM 16380363 ER PT J AU Sangi-Haghpeykar, H Posner, SF Poindexter, AN AF Sangi-Haghpeykar, H Posner, SF Poindexter, AN TI Consistency of condom use among low-income hormonal contraceptive users SO PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; FEMALE-CONDOM; HIV RISK; PREVENTION INTERVENTION; CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; MALE-ADOLESCENTS; SELF-EFFICACY; SHORT-TERM AB CONTEXT. Hormonal contraceptive users may be at increased risk for HIV and other STDs. An understanding of their decisions and abilities to use condoms is needed to focus intervention programs aimed at improving their protective behaviors. METHODS:Between 1999 and 2001, 426 new users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and oral contraceptives were recruited from public clinics providing family planning services to low-income women and surveyed when they began their method and again three months later. Bivariate analyses examined the consistency of condom use across subgroups, and multivariate analyses assessed associations between consistent use and various characteristics. RESULTS: Among women who had used condoms consistently before starting on DMPA or the pill, 54916 discontinued consistent use after taking these contraceptives. Overall, 20% of women consistently used condoms with their hormonal method, and such use did not vary significantly by contraceptive type. Seventy-five percent of women in nonmonogamous relationships were inconsistent users, though nearly a third had been consistent users prior to beginning a hormonal method Factors associated with an elevated likelihood of consistent use were the male partner's positive opinion of condoms (odds ratio, 3.3) and the woman's strong belief that condom use is important for vaginal intercourse (3.5) and even if the couple is using another form of birth control (4.1). CONCLUSIONS. Many women at highest risk for disease have a decreased likelihood of using condoms, and disease prevention programs should be customized to target these women. Educational efforts focusing on women's attitudes and negotiation skills may be the best means of increasing dual method use. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. CtrDis, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sangi-Haghpeykar, H (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM halehs@bcm.tmc.edu OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 56 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 7 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 1538-6341 J9 PERSPECT SEX REPRO H JI Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 184 EP 191 DI 10.1111/j.1931-2393.2005.tb00243.x PG 8 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 994CU UT WOS:000234008700004 PM 16380364 ER PT J AU Glew, RS Vanderjagt, DJ Chuang, LT Huang, YS Millson, M Glew, RH AF Glew, RS Vanderjagt, DJ Chuang, LT Huang, YS Millson, M Glew, RH TI Nutrient content of four edible wild plants from West Africa SO PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE amino acid; Borassus aethiopum; Cocos nucifera L.; Diospyros mespilformis; fatty acids; minerals; Niger; Tamarindus indica; lichens ID AMINO-ACID-ANALYSIS; FATTY-ACID; NIGER; FOODS; DERIVATIZATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; LEAVES AB Non-cereal plant foods in the Western Sahel of Africa contribute significantly to the diets of local residents, especially during periods of grain shortages. In this paper, we analyze four such plant foods including diyan kwakwa (nut of coconut palm, Cocos nucifera L.), muricin giginya (young shoot of Borassus aethiopum), tsamiya biri (fruit of the tree, Tamarindus indica), and yari (a mixture of lichens, mainly Rimelia reticulate) that grows on ebony trees (Diospyros mespiliformis). They were analyzed for their content of amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals, Although diyan kwakwa contained the highest protein content (27.1%), its protein quality fell below the WHO standard in 3 of 8 essential amino acid categories. Yari and muricin giginya contained moderate levels of good quality protein. Only diyan kwakwa contained calorically significant amount of total fatty acid (24.7%); however, none of the plants contained useful amounts of the essential fatty acids, linoleic acid, or alpha-linolenic acid. All four plants contained useful amounts of zinc (> 12 mu g/g dry weight), while yari contained the most calcium (14.7 mg/g dry weight) and iron (1.41 mg/g), and diyan kwakwa the most copper. All the four plant foods contained lesser amounts of magnesium, molybdenum, or selenium. These data indicate that the four plants contain useful amounts of various essential nutrients that could supplement the diets of populations inhabiting the Western Sahel. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Adv Study Int Dept, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Abbott Labs, Prod Div, Columbus, OH USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Glew, RH (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rglew@salud.unm.edu NR 27 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-9668 J9 PLANT FOOD HUM NUTR JI Plant Food Hum. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 4 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s11130-005-8616-0 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 998UE UT WOS:000234344600006 PM 16395630 ER PT J AU Young, CL Woolfitt, AR McWilliams, LG Moura, H Boyer, AE Barr, JR AF Young, CL Woolfitt, AR McWilliams, LG Moura, H Boyer, AE Barr, JR TI Survey of albumin purification methods for the analysis of albumin-organic toxicant adducts by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE albumin; biomarker; mass spectrometry; protein adducts; sulfur mustard ID HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; BETA-LYASE METABOLITES; SULFUR MUSTARD; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; PROTEIN ADDUCTS; HUMAN BLOOD; SAMPLE PREPARATION; HUMAN URINE; IN-VITRO; EXPOSURE AB HSA has been shown to react with many organic toxicants to form adducts that are useful biomarkers for exposure. Albumin isolation is an important first step for the analysis of these protein-toxicant adducts. We tested several approaches to isolate albumin from serum treated with an electrophilic organic toxicant known to form adducts with albumin, i.e., sulfur mustard agent (HD) (2,2'-dichloroethyl sulfide), in order to evaluate these techniques as purification methods. To select the most efficient isolation strategy, methods were evaluated using gel electrophoresis, total protein quantitation, and peptide-adduct identification by MS. Results suggest that the albumin-rich fractions obtained can be used to identify exposure by quantitating the albumin adducts to electrophilic organic toxicants such as HD. The HiTrap Blue HP albumin isolation system appears to display the most promising results for purifying albumin to detect HDadducts, exhibiting high purification efficiency, satisfactory albumin recovery, promising specificity, and a higher loading capacity for serum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 18 BP 4973 EP 4979 DI 10.1002/pmic.200402081 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 999TM UT WOS:000234413400032 PM 16267814 ER PT J AU Link, MW Mokdad, A AF Link, MW Mokdad, A TI Advance letters as a means of improving respondent cooperation in random digit dial studies: A multistate experiment SO PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID TELEPHONE SURVEY; RATES AB Advance letters can potentially reduce the degree of nonresponse in random digit dial (RDD) surveys; however, they can also have a heterogeneous impact on subgroups, disproportionately raising participation rates among certain segments of the population and thereby having a detrimental effect on nonresponse bias. This is, in part, because advance letters can only be used in RDD surveys with the subset of respondents for whom an address can be identified. It may also be related to who in a household sees the letter. We assess whether the use of advance letters can improve the level of participation in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) without introducing other potential data biases. The data reported here corroborate previous findings, in terms of the positive impact that advance letters can have on overall response rates (approximately a 6-percentage-point gain). Moreover, the advance letters were cost-efficient in that the cost of obtaining a fixed number of completed surveys using advance letters was lower than the cost without letters. However, the positive impact of the advance letter on reducing nonresponse may have been offset to some extent in that the advance letter may have biased the sample of those who completed the interview toward older, white respondents and those 4 of higher socioeconomic status, and away from younger, nonwhite individuals and persons with lower education and income levels. This latter group was underrepresented in the final sample and also less like to remember having received a letter. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Link, MW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM MLink@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0033-362X J9 PUBLIC OPIN QUART JI Public Opin. Q. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 572 EP 587 DI 10.1093/poq/nfi055 PG 16 WC Communication; Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Communication; Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 987TO UT WOS:000233540400004 ER PT J AU Kubale, TL Daniels, RD Yiin, JH Couch, J Schubauer-Berigan, MK Kinnes, GM Silver, SR Nowlin, SJ Chen, PH AF Kubale, TL Daniels, RD Yiin, JH Couch, J Schubauer-Berigan, MK Kinnes, GM Silver, SR Nowlin, SJ Chen, PH TI A nested case-control study of leukemia mortality and ionizing radiation at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CANCER-MORTALITY; SOLVENT EXPOSURES; NUCLEAR SHIPYARD; RUBBER INDUSTRY; LUNG-CANCER; WORKERS; COHORT; MORBIDITY; TOBACCO; ENERGY AB A nested case-control study using conditional logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the exposure-response relationship between external ionizing radiation exposure and leukemia mortality among civilian workers at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS), Kittery, Maine. The PNS civilian workers received occupational radiation exposure while performing construction, overhaul, repair and refueling activities on nuclear-powered submarines. The study age-matched 115 leukemia deaths with 460 controls selected from a cohort of 37,853 civilian workers employed at PNS between 1952 and 1992. In addition to radiation doses received in the workplace, a secondary analysis incorporating doses from work-related medical X rays and other occupational radiation exposures was conducted. A significant positive association was found between leukemia mortality and external radiation exposure, adjusting for gender, radiation worker status, and solvent exposure duration (OR = 1.08 at 10 mSv of exposure; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.16). Solvent exposure (including benzene and carbon tetrachloride) was also significantly associated with leukemia mortality adjusting for radiation dose, radiation worker status, and gender. Incorporating doses from work-related medical X rays did not change the estimated leukemia risk per unit of dose. (c) 2005 by Radiation Research Society. C1 NIOSH, DSHEFS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Kubale, TL (reprint author), NIOSH, DSHEFS, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM TKubale@cdc.gov RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009; OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X; Silver, Sharon/0000-0002-7679-5028 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 164 IS 6 BP 810 EP 819 DI 10.1667/RR3473.1 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 986MI UT WOS:000233453300012 PM 16296888 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, RF TI Religiosity and the validity of self-reported smoking: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO REVIEW OF RELIGIOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CHURCH ATTENDANCE; TELEPHONE AB Based on theories of social desirability bias, it was hypothesized that smoking, which may be socially undesirable in some religious circles, might therefore be under-reported by more religious persons. To test this hypothesis, data were examined from a cross-sectional survey of Americans, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Participants were American women and men aged 20 years and over. Measurements included self-reported frequency of attendance at religious services and of cigarette smoking, and measured serum cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine. Among smokers aged 20 and over, under-reporting of smoking did not vary appreciably with frequency of attendance. An exception to this was non-African American men aged 20-59 and African American men aged 60 and over who showed greater reporting bias among infrequent attenders, even after controlling for socio-demographic variables. No evidence for greater underreporting of smoking among more religious persons was found. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6323, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU RELIGIOUS RESEARCH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 108 MARIST HALL, CATHOLIC UNIV AMERICA, WASHINGTON, DC 20064 USA SN 0034-673X J9 REV RELIG RES JI Rev. Relig. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 IS 2 BP 190 EP 196 DI 10.2307/3512050 PG 7 WC Sociology; Religion SC Sociology; Religion GA 992WF UT WOS:000233914000006 ER PT J AU Sutton, MY Sternberg, M Zaidi, A St Louis, ME Markowitz, LE AF Sutton, MY Sternberg, M Zaidi, A St Louis, ME Markowitz, LE TI Trends in pelvic inflammatory disease hospital discharges and ambulatory visits, United States, 1985-2001 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE SALPINGITIS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; GYNECOLOGIC DISORDERS; MYCOPLASMA-HOMINIS; WOMEN; COST; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LAPAROSCOPY; INFECTION AB Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the estimated trends in incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) among reproductive-aged women in hospital and ambulatory settings. Study: Analyses of PID estimates were performed. Three nationally representative surveys conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS): National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NRAMCS), and National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), were used to obtain the estimates of PID (defined by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes). National Disease and Therapeutic Index (NDTI) estimates were reviewed for comparison. Results: Rates of hospitalized PID declined 68% overall from 1985 through 2001 (P < 0.0001). Ambulatory data support a decrease in PID from 1985 to 2001. From 1995 to 2001, approximately 769,859 cases of acute and unspecified PID were diagnosed annually, 91 % in ambulatory settings. Conclusions: PID has decreased in hospital and ambulatory settings. The expanded national surveys in outpatient and emergency departments provide more complete estimates for PID. Optimal management of PID should target ambulatory settings, where the majority of cases are diagnosed and treated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sutton, MY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, DSTDP 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zxa3@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 BP 778 EP 784 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000185375.60973.cb PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 990QD UT WOS:000233757400011 PM 16314776 ER PT J AU Creek, TL Thuku, H Kolou, B Rahman, M Kilmarx, PH AF Creek, TL Thuku, H Kolou, B Rahman, M Kilmarx, PH TI Declining syphilis prevalence among pregnant women in northern Botswana: an encouraging sign for the HIV epidemic? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID RURAL SOUTH-AFRICA; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; OPPORTUNITIES; MORTALITY; IMPACT AB Objectives: To evaluate trends in syphilis prevalence among antenatal women in a high HIV prevalence setting in northern Botswana. Methods: Laboratory logbooks of antenatal syphilis testing for 1992 - 2003 in Francistown, Botswana's second largest city, were reviewed, and a consecutive sample of 750 women per year from 1992 - 2003 were analysed. VDRL result and age were recorded. A positive result was considered a case. Results: Overall syphilis prevalence ( VDRL positive) among pregnant women in Francistown decreased from 12.4% in 1992 to 4.3% in 2003 ( p <= 0.001). The downward trend in overall syphilis prevalence began in 1997. There was no change in syphilis prevalence from 1992 - 6. Beginning in 1997, there has been a significant decrease in syphilis prevalence in all age groups. Conclusions: Syphilis in pregnant women in Francistown has been decreasing for the last 6 years, despite extremely high HIV prevalence ( stable at >= 40% since 1996) in the same population. Reasons contributing to the decline in syphilis rates may include nationwide implementation of syndromic management of sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs) in 1992, improved access to health care, and less risky sexual behaviour. There is evidence from other sources indicating that risky sexual behaviour in Botswana has decreased during the HIV epidemic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Francistown Dist Hlth Team, Francistown, Botswana. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Creek, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tgc0@cdc.gov OI Kilmarx, Peter/0000-0001-6464-3345 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 81 IS 6 BP 453 EP 455 DI 10.1136/sti.2004.014068 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 989PH UT WOS:000233685600003 PM 16326844 ER PT J AU Dreyer, G Addiss, D Noroes, J AF Dreyer, G Addiss, D Noroes, J TI Does longevity of adult Wuchereria bancrofti increase with decreasing intensity of parasite transmission? Insights from clinical observations SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE lymphatic filariasis; Wuchereria bancrofti; adult worm longevity; filaria dance sign; global programme to eliminate lymphatic; filariasis; Brazil ID HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS POPULATIONS; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; HELMINTH-PARASITES; SCROTAL AREA; ENDEMIC AREA; INFECTION; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; IMMUNITY AB To interrupt transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti, a parasite that causes lymphatic filariasis, mass treatment of at-risk populations with antifilarial drugs is recommended for 4-6 years, the minimum estimated adult worm lifespan. Factors associated with adult worm longevity are unknown. In Recife, Brazil, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 57 men whose adult W bancrofti were not sensitive to diethylcarbamazine and who were followed with semi-annual physical examinations (to detect intrascrotal nodules, indicative of adult worm death) and ultrasound examinations (to detect the 'filaria dance sign' (FDS), indicative of living adult worms). After 5 years, the FDS remained detectable in 10 (24.4%) of 41 adult worm nests in 25 men from areas of high filariasis transmission intensity and in 30 (90.9%) of 33 nests in 32 men from areas of tow transmission (P < 0.001). New nodules and adult worm nests were detected only in men from high-transmission areas. Of 30 men who were microfilaria-positive initially and whose FDS remained detectable after 5 years of follow-up, 19 (63.3%) remained microfilaria-positive in 5 ml blood (mean density, 0.4 per ml.). In conclusion, survival of adult W. bancrofti is inversely associated with transmission intensity. These findings have implications for filariasis elimination and research. (c) 2005 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Recife, PE, Brazil. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp & Clin, NEPAF, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp & Clin, Dept Cirugia, Serv Urol, Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Dreyer, G (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Recife, PE, Brazil. EM dreyer-g@uot.com.br NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 99 IS 12 BP 883 EP 892 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.05.006 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 979SO UT WOS:000232965300001 PM 16165175 ER PT J AU Ned, RM Moore, JM Udhayakumar, V AF Ned, RM Moore, JM Udhayakumar, V TI Response to Pearson: Parasites, pregnancy, prolactin and pandemics? SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CORTISOL; MALARIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Malaria Branch,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Parasit Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Malaria Branch,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Parasit Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM vxu0@cdc.gov RI Ned, Renee/D-3746-2009 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 12 BP 556 EP 557 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2005.09.004 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 998LN UT WOS:000234320300007 ER PT J AU Hennessy, TW Singleton, RJ Bulkow, LR Bruden, DL Hurlburt, DA Parks, D Moore, M Parkinson, AJ Schuchat, A Butler, JC AF Hennessy, TW Singleton, RJ Bulkow, LR Bruden, DL Hurlburt, DA Parks, D Moore, M Parkinson, AJ Schuchat, A Butler, JC TI Impact of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive disease, antimicrobial resistance and colonization in Alaska Natives: progress towards elimination of a health disparity SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE pneumococcal disease; Streptococcus pneumoniae; conjugate vaccine; Alaska Natives; nasopharyngeal colonization; antimicrobial resistance; disease prevention; surveillance; pediatric vaccine ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RURAL ALASKA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; OTITIS-MEDIA; CHILDREN; CARRIAGE; EFFICACY; INFECTIONS; IMMUNOGENICITY; PREVENTION AB We evaluated invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), antimicrobial resistance and nasopharyngeal colonization before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in Alaska Natives (AN). a population with high IPD rates, We obtained IPD rates from population-based surveillance. Colonization was determined from annual surveys among rural AN of all ages and front urban children, After vaccine introduction, vaccine-type IPD rates declined by 91% among AN children < 2 years, by 80% among non-Natives < 2 years, and by 40% for adults of all races (P < 0.001 each). IPD decreased for isolates resistant to penicillin. erythromycin and cotrimoxazole (P < 0.001 each). Vaccine-type colonization decreased among rural and urban children < 5 years and among rural adults (P < 0.001 each). PCV7 vaccine has eliminated a longstanding disparity of vaccine-type IPD for AN children. Decreased vaccine-type colonization and IPD in adults demonstrate indirect vaccine effects. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hennessy, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM thennessy@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 48-49 BP 5464 EP 5473 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.100 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 991DK UT WOS:000233792300003 PM 16188350 ER PT J AU Shankar, V Orciari, LA De Mattos, C Kuzmin, IV Pape, WJ O'Shea, TJ Rupprecht, CE AF Shankar, V Orciari, LA De Mattos, C Kuzmin, IV Pape, WJ O'Shea, TJ Rupprecht, CE TI Genetic divergence of rabies viruses from bat species of Colorado, USA SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE rabies virus; bats; Colorado ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; SEQUENCES AB Molecular epidemiological studies have linked many cryptic human rabies cases in the United States with exposure to rabies virus (RV) variants associated with insectivorous bats. In Colorado, bats accounted for 98% of all reported animal rabies cases between 1977 and 1996. The genetic divergence of RV was investigated in bat and terrestrial animal specimens that were submitted for rabies diagnosis to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), Colorado, USA. RV isolates from animal specimens across the United States were also included in the analysis. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on partial nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences, which revealed seven principal clades. RV associated with the colonial big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, an bats of the genus Myotis were found to segregate into two distinct clades (I and IV). Clade I was harbored by E. fuscus and Myotis species, but was also identified in terrestrial animals such as domestic cats and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Clade IV was divided into subclades IVA, IVB, and IVC; IVA was identified in E. fuscus, and Myotis species bats, and also in a fox; subclades IVB and IVC circulated predominantly in E. fuscus. Clade II was formed by big free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops macrotis) and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) samples. Clade III included RVs that are maintained by generally solitary, migratory bats such as the silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and bats of the genus Lasiurus. Big brown bats were found to harbor this RV variant. None of the Colorado specimens segregated with clades V and VII that harbor RVs associated with terrestrial animals. Different species of bats had the same RV variant, indicating active inter-species rabies transmission. In Colorado, animal rabies occurs principally in bats, and the identification of bat RVs in cat, gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and striped skunks demonstrated the importance of rabies spillover from bats to domestic and terrestrial wildlife species. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Colorago Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Shankar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept State Hlth Serv, L-238-2,1100 W 49th St, Austin, TX 78756 USA. EM vbs2@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 330 EP 341 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.330 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 004UP UT WOS:000234778200004 PM 16417429 ER PT J AU Jardine, C Appleyard, G Kosoy, MY McColl, D Chirino-Trejo, M Wobeser, G Leighton, FA AF Jardine, C Appleyard, G Kosoy, MY McColl, D Chirino-Trejo, M Wobeser, G Leighton, FA TI Rodent-associated Bartonella in Saskatchewan, Canada SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bartonella; rodent; host specificity ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; SOUTHERN CHINA; SP-NOV; INFECTION; ENDOCARDITIS; RESERVOIR; PATIENT; CAT; PREVALENCE AB Six species of wild rodents were sampled at 10 sites in 2002 and 2003 to determine the prevalence of Bartonella infections in rodent communities near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Isolates were characterized genotypically and compared with isolates found at other locations. Of 104 wild rodents examined, 57% were infected with Bartonella and prevalence within species varied from 49% for Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) to 90% for Franklin's ground squirrels (S. franklinii). Infected rodents were found at all sites. Sequencing of a 379-bp portion of the citrate synthase gene was performed on 54 isolates and revealed 13 distinct genotypes, eight of which had not been described previously. The most common genotype detected in red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) was 99.1% similar to B. grahamii, a known human pathogen. Two of 10 Franklin's ground squirrels were concurrently infected with multiple Bartonella genotypes. All genotypes, with the exception of one detected in both Franklin's and thirteen-lined ground squirrels (S. tridecemlineatus), were found in only one host, and all genotypes from each species, with the exception of genotypes detected in red-backed voles, clustered together within the same relatedness group, suggesting that at least some Bartonella genotypes are specific to some rodent hosts. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. RP Jardine, C (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. EM claire-jardine@usask.ca NR 28 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 402 EP 409 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.402 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 004UP UT WOS:000234778200011 PM 16417436 ER PT J AU King, LJ AF King, LJ TI An interview with... Dr. Lonnie J. King SO VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP King, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY MEDICINE PUBL CO PI LENEXA PA 15333 W 95TH STREET, LENEXA, KS 66219 USA SN 8750-7943 J9 VET MED-US JI Vet. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 100 IS 12 BP 826 EP 828 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 994KV UT WOS:000234031600001 ER PT J AU Gambaryan, AS Karasin, AI Tuzikov, AB Chinarev, AA Pazynina, GV Bovin, NV Matrosovich, MN Olsen, CW Klimov, AI AF Gambaryan, AS Karasin, AI Tuzikov, AB Chinarev, AA Pazynina, GV Bovin, NV Matrosovich, MN Olsen, CW Klimov, AI TI Receptor-binding properties of swine influenza viruses isolated and propagated in MDCK cells SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID A-VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; B VIRUSES; NORTH-AMERICA; PIGS; EGG; HEMAGGLUTININ; SPECIFICITY; SELECTION AB To study the receptor specificities of H1 and H3 influenza viruses isolated recently from pigs, we employed the analogues of natural receptors, namely sialyloligosaccharides conjugated with polyacrylamide in biotinylated and label free forms. All Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell-propagated viruses with human H3 or classical swine H1 hemagglutinins bound only to Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal beta 1-bearing polymers, and not to Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-bearing polymers. This receptor-binding pattern is typical for human influenza viruses and it differs from the previously described receptor-binding specificity of egg-adapted swine influenza viruses. Swine virus isolates with avian-like H I and H3 hemagglutinins displayed distinct receptor specificity by binding to both Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal- and Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal-containing receptors. These viruses, as well as egg-adapted swine and turkey viruses with a classical swine HA, differed from the related duck viruses by increased affinity to sulfated sialyloligosaccaride, Su-SiaLe(x). Except for avian-like H3 viruses, none of the studied swine viruses bound to Neu5Gc-containing sialoglycopolymers, suggesting that binding to these sialic acid species abundantly expressed in pigs may not be essential for virus replication in this host. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Russian Acad Med Sci, Chumakov Inst Poliomyelitis & Viral Encephalitide, Moscow 142782, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Shemyakin Inst Bioorgan Chem, Moscow 117997, Russia. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Marburg, Inst Virol, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klimov, AI (reprint author), Russian Acad Med Sci, Chumakov Inst Poliomyelitis & Viral Encephalitide, Moscow 142782, Russia. EM gambar@com2com.ru; olsenc@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu; bovin@carb.ibch.ru; bovin@carb.ibch.ru; bovin@carb.ibch.ru; bovin@carb.ibch.ru; Mikhail.Matrosovich@med.uni-marburg.de; olsenc@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu; aklimov@cdc.gov RI Gambaryan, Alexandra/E-2667-2014 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5 U54 GM62116-03] NR 42 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.05.005 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 989AK UT WOS:000233645100003 PM 15996787 ER PT J AU Mode, NA Hackett, EJ Conway, GA AF Mode, NA Hackett, EJ Conway, GA TI Unique occupational hazards of Alaska: Animal-related injuries SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Science CY 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Assoc Adv Sci, Arctic Sect DE animal; fatality; occupational injury or illness; Alaska; workplace AB Objective.-During 1992-2000, an average of 40 fatal occupational injuries and 12 400 nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses related to animals were recorded each year in the United States, most involving domestic farm animals. Although Alaska has a relatively small farming industry, it supports several industries that require workers to regularly be in contact with animals. This study examines the pattern and characteristics of animal-related occupational injuries in Alaska. Methods.-Two data sources were accessed: the Alaska Trauma Registry for nonfatal injuries requiring hospitalization and the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System for fatal injuries. The case definition included events in which the source of the injury was an animal or animal product (Occupational Injury and Illness Classification Manual source code 5 1). Results.-In Alaska during 1991-2000, there were 43 animal-related occupational injuries requiring hospitalization and 25 animal-related fatalities. There were only 2 fatal events: I bird-strike aircraft accident killing 24 military personnel and I bear attack. The majority of the nonfatal injury events were related to marine wildlife (n = 20), with the rest related to either domesticated (n = 11) or nondomesticated (n = 12) mammals. Of events reporting a hospital charge (23 of 43), the average cost was over $9700 per person. Conclusions.-The catastrophic aircraft crash increased bird-control efforts near airports around the state. The nonfatal animal-related injuries have received less notice, although they result in thousands of dollars in hospital costs and lost workdays. Fishing-industry workers in particular should be made aware of potential injuries and educated on how to treat them when away from definitive medical care. C1 NIOSH, Alaska Field Stn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alaska Field Stn, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. RP Mode, NA (reprint author), NIOSH, Alaska Field Stn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alaska Field Stn, 4230 Univ Dr,Suite 310, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM nmode@cdc.gov RI Mode, Nicolle/A-6804-2011 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 4 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1580/1080-6032(2005)16[185:UOHOAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 991SZ UT WOS:000233835400002 PM 16366198 ER PT J AU Curns, AT Holman, RC Sejvar, JJ Owings, MF Schonberger, LB AF Curns, AT Holman, RC Sejvar, JJ Owings, MF Schonberger, LB TI Infectious disease hospitalizations among older adults in the United States from 1990 through 2002 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PNEUMONIA; VACCINE; TRENDS; RISK; RESISTANCE; MORTALITY AB Background: To understand conditions associated with substantial morbidity among older adults (aged 65 years), we describe hospitalization rates and trends for overall infectious disease (ID) and for specific ID groups among older adults in the United States from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2002. Methods: The National Hospital Discharge Survey was used to generate hospitalization estimates from 1990 through 2002 for the US population of older adults. By using a comprehensive list of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes associated with IDs, we identified and analyzed hospitalizations associated with specific ID and ID-related categories. Results: There were approximately 21.4 million (SE, 636 000) ID hospitalizations among older adults from 1990 through 2002, and between 1990 through 1992 and 2000 through 2002, the ID hospitalization rate increased 13% from 449.4 to 507.9 hospitalizations per 10 000 older adults (P = .01). This increase was caused in part by the increasing relative contributions of patients aged 75 through 84 years and 85 years or older to the older adult ID hospitalization rate. Almost half of ID hospitalizations (46% [SE, 0.7%]) and ID-related hospital deaths (48% [SE, 1.6%]) among older adults were associated with lower respiratory tract infections from 2000 through 2002. Conclusions: The hospitalization rate for IDs increased slightly among the older adult US population during the 13-year study and was associated with the aging of the older adult population. The reduction of ID hospitalization rates among older adults could help attenuate the anticipated increase in the number of hospitalizations among older adults and should be a high priority given the projected population growth among older adults in the United States. C1 US Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hosp Care Stat Branch,Div Healthcare Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Curns, AT (reprint author), US Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hosp Care Stat Branch,Div Healthcare Stat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acurns@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 165 IS 21 BP 2514 EP 2520 DI 10.1001/archinte.165.21.2514 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 987HY UT WOS:000233510200012 PM 16314549 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Gomez-Marin, JE Bedoya, A Lora, F Vianna, MCB Hill, D Kwok, OC Shen, SK Marcet, PL Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Gomez-Marin, JE Bedoya, A Lora, F Vianna, MCB Hill, D Kwok, OC Shen, SK Marcet, PL Lehmann, T TI Genetic and biologic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from Colombia, South America SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; chickens; Gallus domesticus; free-range; Columbia; South America; genotype ID PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; GENOTYPE; BRAZIL; CATS; INFECTIONS; OOCYSTS; DISEASE AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in 77 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Colombia, South America was determined. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and found in 32 (44.4%) of 72 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 4, 1: 10 in 3, 1:20 in 1, 1:40 in 1, 1:80 in 8, 1:160 in 8, 1:320 in 3, and 1:640 or higher in 4. Hearts and brains of 31 seropositive chickens were pooled and bioassayed in mice. Tissues from 32 (16 + 16) seronegative chickens were pooled and fed to two, T. gondii-free cats, and tissues from nine chickens without matching sera were fed to one T. gondii-free cat. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts. T. gondii oocysts were excreted by a cat that was fed tissues of 16 seronegative chickens. T. gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice from 23 chickens with MAT titers of 1:20 or higher. All infected mice from 16 of the 23 isolates died of toxoplasmosis. Overall, 82 (81.1%) of 101 mice that became infected after inoculation with chicken tissues died of toxoplasmosis. Genotyping of these 24 isolates using polymorphisms at the SAG2 locus indicated that seven T. gondii isolates were Type I, 17 were Type III, and none was Type II. Phenotypically, T. gondii isolates from chickens from Colombia were similar to isolates from Brazil but different from the isolates from North America; most isolates from chickens from Brazil and Colombia were lethal for mice whereas isolates from North America did not kill inoculated mice. Genetically, none of the T. gondii isolates from Colombia and Brazil was SAG2 Type H, whereas most isolates from chickens from North America were Type II. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T. gondii isolates from Colombia, South America. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Quindio, Fac Ciencias Salud, Ctr Invest Biomed, GEPAMOL, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; Gomez-Marin, Jorge/L-9793-2013; OI Gomez-Marin, Jorge/0000-0001-6472-3329; Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020 NR 35 TC 37 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 134 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.07.013 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 984PT UT WOS:000233317500009 PM 16105721 ER PT J AU Davis, CT Ebel, GD Lanciotti, RS Brault, AC Guzman, H Siirin, M Lambert, A Parsons, RE Beasley, DWC Novak, RJ Elizondo-Quiroga, D Green, EN Young, DS Stark, LM Drebot, MA Artsob, H Tesh, RB Kramer, LD Barrett, ADT AF Davis, CT Ebel, GD Lanciotti, RS Brault, AC Guzman, H Siirin, M Lambert, A Parsons, RE Beasley, DWC Novak, RJ Elizondo-Quiroga, D Green, EN Young, DS Stark, LM Drebot, MA Artsob, H Tesh, RB Kramer, LD Barrett, ADT TI Phylogenetic analysis of North American West Nile virus isolates, 2001-2004: Evidence for the emergence of a dominant genotype SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile Virus; flavivirus; molecular epidemiology; viral evolution; phylogenetics ID UNITED-STATES; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; NEW-YORK; MEXICO; ENCEPHALITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; STRAINS; ECOLOGY AB The distribution of West Nile virus has expanded in the past 6 years to include the 48 contiguous United States and seven Canadian provinces, as well as Mexico, the Caribbean islands, and Colombia. The suggestion of the emergence of a dominant genetic variant has led to an intensive analysis of isolates made across North America. We have sequenced the premembrane and envelope genes of 74 isolates and the complete genomes of 25 isolates in order to determine if a dominant genotype has arisen and to better understand how the virus has evolved as its distribution has expanded. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the continued presence of genetic variants that group in a temporally and geographically dependent manner and provide evidence that a dominant variant has emerged across much of North America. The implications of these findings are discussed as they relate to transmission and spread of the virus in the Western Hemisphere. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. SUNY Albany, Arbovirus Labs, Wadsworth Ctr, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biomed Sci, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Harris Cty Publ Hlth & Environm Serv, Mosquito Control Div, Houston, TX 77021 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Labs Tampa, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Barrett, ADT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. EM abarrett@utmb.edu RI Ebel, Gregory/D-8324-2017 FU FIC NIH HHS [5D43TW006590]; NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI30027, N01-AI25489, N01-AI25490]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU223671-02, U90/CCU620916] NR 21 TC 153 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 342 IS 2 BP 252 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2005.07.022 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 987YX UT WOS:000233554900008 PM 16137736 ER PT J AU Bethell, CD Read, D Blumberg, SJ AF Bethell, CD Read, D Blumberg, SJ TI Mental health in the United States: Health care and well being of children with chronic emotional, behavioral, or developmental problems - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 985-989, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NEEDS C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. CDC, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bethell, CD (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 23 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 20 BP 2567 EP 2569 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 986FT UT WOS:000233436200009 ER PT J AU Ackers, M Alexander, SB Allen, M Bakari, M Barsdorf, N Barth-Jones, D Birx, D Cunningham, CK DeCock, K Francis, D Fuchs, J Hemelaar, J Ireland, J Kapoor, S Karamov, E Klein, M Levendal, E Lie, R Macklin, R Mathieson, B Mathur, R Mukengetshibaka, L Nanvubya, A Nakwagala, F Nixon, S Pantaleo, G Pitisuttithum, P Rogers, AS dos Santos, VGV Sheets, R Safrit, J Smit, T Thorpe, P Verlinde, C Villafana, T Warren, M Xu, J Mhalu, F Thior, I Amin, A Bouesseau, MC Chang, ML Henri, M Kieny, MP Labelle, S Malonza, I Obermeyer, CM Osmanov, S Otani, J Pagliusiuhe, S Schmid, G Sigurdson, J Collins, C Hankins, C Thiam, MB AF Ackers, M Alexander, SB Allen, M Bakari, M Barsdorf, N Barth-Jones, D Birx, D Cunningham, CK DeCock, K Francis, D Fuchs, J Hemelaar, J Ireland, J Kapoor, S Karamov, E Klein, M Levendal, E Lie, R Macklin, R Mathieson, B Mathur, R Mukengetshibaka, L Nanvubya, A Nakwagala, F Nixon, S Pantaleo, G Pitisuttithum, P Rogers, AS dos Santos, VGV Sheets, R Safrit, J Smit, T Thorpe, P Verlinde, C Villafana, T Warren, M Xu, J Mhalu, F Thior, I Amin, A Bouesseau, MC Chang, ML Henri, M Kieny, MP Labelle, S Malonza, I Obermeyer, CM Osmanov, S Otani, J Pagliusiuhe, S Schmid, G Sigurdson, J Collins, C Hankins, C Thiam, MB CA WHO-UNAIDS Expert Grp TI Gender, age, and ethnicity in HIV vaccine-related research and clinical trials - Report from a WHO-UNAIDS consultation, 26-28 August 2004. Lausanne, Switzerland SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV vaccines; clinical trials; vaccine efficacy; gender; age; ethnicity; ethics; regulatory aspects; community preparedness ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; HERD-IMMUNITY; INFECTION; PROGRAMS; EFFICACY; ESCAPE; IMPACT AB This report summarizes the presentations and recommendations from a consultation held in Lausanne, Switzerland (26-28 August 2004) organized by the joint World Health Organization (WHO) - United Nations Programme on HlV/AIDS (UNAIDS) HIV Vaccine Initiative. The consultation discussed issues related to gender, ethnicity, and age in HIV vaccine research and clinical trial recruitment. A special focus of the meeting was the participation of women and adolescents in clinical trials. Also discussed were the experiences and lessons from various research programs, trials, and studies in different countries. Implementing the recommendations from this meeting will require prioritization and active participation from the research community, funders of research, local and national governments, non-governmental organizations, and industry, as well as the individuals and communities participating in clinical trials. This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts, and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the WHO. The contribution of the co-chairs (R. Macklin and F. Mhalu) and the rapporteurs (H. Lasher, M. Klein, M. Ackers, N. Barsdorf, A. Smith Rogers, E. Levendal, T. Villafana and M. Warren) during the consultation and in the preparation of this report is much appreciated. S. Labelle and J. Otani are also acknowledged and thanked for their efficient assistance in the preparation of the consultation and the report. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Washington, DC USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Muhimbili Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Psychol, Scottsville, South Africa. Ctr Healthcare Effectiveness Res, Detroit, MI USA. Dept Internal Med, Detroit, MI USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Oxford, Sch Med, Oxford, England. Elizabeth Glazer Pediat AIDS Fdn, Washington, DC USA. Int AIDS Vaccine Initiat, New York, NY USA. Minist Hlth, Moscow, Russia. Canadian Network Vaccines & Immunotherapeut, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. S African AIDS Vaccine Initiat, Tygerberg, South Africa. Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India. Canadian Int Dev Agcy, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Canadian HIV AIDS Legal Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. CHU Vaudois, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Ctr Referencia Ensaios Clin HIV AIDS, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. S African AIDS Vaccine Initiat, Tygerberg, South Africa. Int AIDS Vaccine Initiat, New York, NY USA. Botswana Harvard AIDS Inst, Gaborone, Botswana. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalit, New York, NY USA. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. Muhmbili Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Osmanov, S (reprint author), WHO, UNAIDS HIV Vaccine Initiat, Geneva, Switzerland. EM osmanovs@who.int RI Pantaleo, Giuseppe/K-6163-2016 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 17 BP W7 EP W28 PG 22 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 986IV UT WOS:000233444200025 ER PT J AU Peterson, HB Curtis, KM AF Peterson, HB Curtis, KM TI Long-acting methods of contraception SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTRAUTERINE-DEVICE INSERTION; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; TUBAL-STERILIZATION; UNITED-STATES; IMPLANTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; PROSTATE-CANCER; VASECTOMY; RISK; WOMEN C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Peterson, HB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. NR 58 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 4 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 17 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 20 BP 2169 EP 2175 DI 10.1056/NEJMcp044148 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 984FT UT WOS:000233288600009 PM 16291986 ER PT J AU Genrich, GL Brathwaite, BA AF Genrich, GL Brathwaite, BA TI Response of religious groups to HIV/AIDS as a sexually transmitted infection in Trinidad SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Background: HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination are significant determinants of HIV transmission in the Caribbean island nation of Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), where the adult HIV/AIDS prevalence is 2.5%. T&T is a spiritually-aware society and over 104 religious groups are represented. This religious diversity creates a complex social environment for the transmission of a sexually transmitted infection like HIV/AIDS. Religious leaders are esteemed in T&T's society and may use their position and frequent interactions with the public to promote HIV/AIDS awareness, fight stigma and discrimination, and exercise compassion for people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). Some religious groups have initiated HIV/AIDS education programs within their membership, but previous studies suggest that HIV/AIDS remains a stigmatized infection in many religious organizations. The present study investigates how the perception of HIV/AIDS as a sexually transmitted infection impacts religious representatives' incentives to respond to HIV/AIDS in their congregations and communities. In correlation, the study explores how the experiences of PWHA in religious gatherings impact healing and coping with HIV/AIDS. Methods: Between November 2002 and April 2003, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 religious representatives from 10 Christian, Hindu and Muslim denominations. The majority of respondents were leaders of religious services, while two were active congregation members. Religious groups were selected based upon the methods of Brathwaite. Briefly, 26 religious groups with the largest followings according to 2000 census data were identified in Trinidad and Tobago. From this original list, 10 religious groups in Northwest Trinidad were selected to comprise a representative sample of the island's main denominations. In-depth interviews with PWHA were conducted during the same study period, 2002 - 2003. Four individuals were selected from a care and support group located in Port of Spain based upon their perceived willingness to discuss religious affiliation and describe how living with a terminal infection has affected their spiritual lives. The interviewer, a United States Fulbright Scholar, explained the nature and purpose of the study to all participants. Relevant ethical procedures associated with the collection of interview data were adopted: interviews were conducted in a non-coercive manner and confidentiality was assured. All participants provided verbal consent, and agreed to be interviewed without financial or other incentive. Ethics approval was granted on behalf of the Caribbean Conference of Churches Ethics Committee. Interview questions followed a guideline, and employed an open-ended format to facilitate discussion. All interviews were recorded and transcribed by the interviewer. Results: Religious representatives' opinions were grouped into the following categories: rationale for the spread of HIV/AIDS, abstinence, condom use, sexuality and homosexuality, compassion, experiences with PWHA, recommendations and current approach to addressing HIV/AIDS in congregations. Religious representatives expressed a measure of acceptance of HIV/AIDS and overwhelmingly upheld compassion for PWHA. Some statements, however, suggested that HIV/AIDS stigma pervades Trinidad's religious organizations. For many representatives, HIV/AIDS was associated with a promiscuous lifestyle and/or homosexuality. Representatives had varying levels of interaction with PWHA, but personal experiences were positively associated with current involvement in HIV/AIDS initiatives. All 4 PWHA interviewed identified themselves as belonging to Christian denominations. Three out of the 4 PWHA described discriminatory experiences with pastors or congregation members during gatherings for religious services. Nonetheless, PWHA expressed an important role for faith and religion in coping with HIV. Conclusion: Religious groups in Trinidad are being challenged to promote a clear and consistent response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic; a response that may reflect personal experiences and respect religious doctrine in the context of sex and sexuality. The study suggests that ( 1) religious leaders could improve their role in the fight against HIV/AIDS with education and sensitization-specifically aimed at dismantling the myths about HIV transmission, and the stereotyping of susceptible subpopulations, and ( 2) a consultative dialogue between PWHAs and religious leaders is pivotal to a successful faith-based HIV intervention in Trinidad. C1 Fulbright Fellowship Program US Students, Port Of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DVRD, IDPA, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UWI, Ctr Med Sci Educ, Fac Med Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. RP Genrich, GL (reprint author), Fulbright Fellowship Program US Students, Port Of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. EM glgenrich@yahoo.com; brada@wow.net NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 121 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-5-121 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 992QF UT WOS:000233898200001 PM 16288659 ER PT J AU Hoffman, RS Nelson, LS Chan, GM Halcomb, SE Bouchard, NC Ginsburg, BY Cone, J Jean-Francois, Y Voit, S Marcus, S Ford, M Sanford, C Michels, JE Richardson, WH Bretous, LM Johnson-Arbor, K Thomas, J Barthold, C Belson, M Patel, M Schier, J Wolkin, A Rubin, C Duprey, Z AF Hoffman, RS Nelson, LS Chan, GM Halcomb, SE Bouchard, NC Ginsburg, BY Cone, J Jean-Francois, Y Voit, S Marcus, S Ford, M Sanford, C Michels, JE Richardson, WH Bretous, LM Johnson-Arbor, K Thomas, J Barthold, C Belson, M Patel, M Schier, J Wolkin, A Rubin, C Duprey, Z TI Atypical reactions associated with heroin use - Five states, January-April 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 793-796, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York City Poison Control Ctr, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. New Jersey Poison Informat & Educ Syst, Newark, NJ USA. Carolinas Poison Ctr, Charlotte, NC USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Svcs, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Palmetto Poison Ctr, Columbia, SC USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. Connecticut Poison Control Ctr, Farmington, CT USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hoffman, RS (reprint author), New York City Poison Control Ctr, New York, NY USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 19 BP 2424 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 984BL UT WOS:000233277400008 ER PT J AU Watson, JT Jones, RC Fernandez, J Cortes, C Gerber, SI Kuo, KJ Price, JS Brooks, JT Jennings, D Fair, M Mintz, E Bowen, A AF Watson, JT Jones, RC Fernandez, J Cortes, C Gerber, SI Kuo, KJ Price, JS Brooks, JT Jennings, D Fair, M Mintz, E Bowen, A TI Shigella flexneri serotype 3 infections among men who have sex with men - Chicago, Illinois, 2003-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 820-822, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Labs, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Watson, JT (reprint author), Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 19 BP 2427 EP 2428 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 984BL UT WOS:000233277400009 ER PT J AU Calvert, GM Alarcon, W Blondell, JM AF Calvert, GM Alarcon, W Blondell, JM TI Pesticide exposure at schools and acute illnesses - In reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM walarcon@cdc.gov RI Alarcon, Walter/C-4470-2008 OI Alarcon, Walter/0000-0002-4907-4380 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 19 BP 2431 EP 2431 DI 10.1001/jama.294.19.2431-b PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 984BL UT WOS:000233277400011 ER PT J AU Bernstein, L Patel, AV Ursin, G Sullivan-Halley, J Press, MF Deapen, D Berlin, JA Daling, JR McDonald, JA Norman, SA Malone, KE Strom, BL Liff, J Folger, SG Simon, MS Burkman, RT Marchbanks, PA Weiss, LK Spirtas, R AF Bernstein, L Patel, AV Ursin, G Sullivan-Halley, J Press, MF Deapen, D Berlin, JA Daling, JR McDonald, JA Norman, SA Malone, KE Strom, BL Liff, J Folger, SG Simon, MS Burkman, RT Marchbanks, PA Weiss, LK Spirtas, R TI Lifetime recreational exercise activity and breast cancer risk among black women and white women SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE PATTERNS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; AMERICAN WOMEN; SEX-HORMONES; YOUNG-WOMEN; AGE AB Back round. Physical inactivity is a potentially modifiable breast cancer risk factor. Because few data on this relationship exist for black women, we examined the relationship between breast cancer risk and lifetime and time- or age-specific measures of recreational exercise activity among white women and among black women. Methods: The Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study was a multicenter population-based case-control study of black women and white women aged 35-64 years with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer. We collected detailed histories of lifetime recreational exercise activity during in-person interviews with 4538 case patients with breast cancer (1605 black and 2933 white) and 4649 control subjects (1646 black and 3033 white). Control subjects were frequency-matched to case patients on age, race, and study site. We examined associations between exercise activity measures (metabolic equivalents of energy expenditure [MET]-hours per week per year) and breast cancer risk overall and among subgroups defined by race, other breast cancer risk factors, and tumor characteristics by use of unconditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Among all women, decreased breast cancer risk was associated with increased levels of lifetime exercise activity (e.g., average MET-hours per week per year, P-trend = .002). An average annual lifetime exercise activity that was greater than the median level for active control subjects was associated with an approximately 20% lower risk of breast cancer, compared with that for inactivity (for 6.7-15.1 MET-hours/week/year, odds ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71 to 0.93; for >= 15.2 MET-hours/week/year, OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.92). The inverse associations did not differ between black and white women (for MET-hours/week/year, P-trend = .003 and P-trend = .09, respectively; homogeneity of trends P = .16). No modification of risk was observed by disease stage, estrogen receptor status, or any breast cancer risk factor other than first-degree family history of breast cancer. Conclusions: This study supports an inverse association between physical activity and breast cancer among black women and among white women. C1 Univ So Calif, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Titusville, NJ USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. NCI, Canc Ctr Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Hllth Branch, Populat Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bernstein, L (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM lbern@usc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CN-0532, N01-PC-67006, N01-CN-67010, N01-CN-65064]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01 HD 2-3166, N01 HD 3-3168, N01 HD 3-3176, Y01 HD 7022, N01 HD 3-3174, N01 HD 3-3175] NR 52 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 22 BP 1671 EP 1679 DI 10.1093/jnci/dji374 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985DM UT WOS:000233356300010 PM 16288120 ER PT J AU Epstein, SL Kong, WP Misplon, JA Lo, CY Tumpey, TM Xu, L Nabel, GJ AF Epstein, SL Kong, WP Misplon, JA Lo, CY Tumpey, TM Xu, L Nabel, GJ TI Protection against multiple influenza A subtypes by vaccination with highly conserved nucleoprotein SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; DNA vaccines; adenovirus vectors; conserved antigens; animal models; H5N1 influenza; heterosubtypic immunity ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; HETEROSUBTYPIC IMMUNITY; VIRUS-INFECTION; DNA VACCINES; IN-VITRO; MICE; HUMANS; IMMUNOGENICITY; REPLICATION; VECTOR AB Influenza epidemic and pandemic strains cannot be predicted with certainty. Current vaccines elicit antibodies effective against specific strains, but new strategies are urgently needed for protection against unexpected strains. DNA vaccines encoding conserved antigens protect animals against diverse subtypes, but their potency needs improvement. We tested DNA prime-recombinant adenoviral boost immunization to nucleoprotein (NP). Strong antibody and T cell responses were induced. Protection against challenge was T cell-dependent and substantially more potent than DNA vaccination alone. Importantly, vaccination protected against lethal challenge with highly pathogenic H5N1 virus. Thus, gene-based vaccination with NP may contribute to protective immunity against diverse influenza viruses through its ability to stimulate cellular immunity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Lab Immunol & Dev Biol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Epstein, SL (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Lab Immunol & Dev Biol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM epsteins@cber.fda.gov NR 35 TC 190 Z9 202 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 46-47 BP 5404 EP 5410 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.04.047 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 989NL UT WOS:000233680700020 PM 16011865 ER PT J AU Des Jarlais, DC Lyles, CM Crepaz, N AF Des Jarlais, DC Lyles, CM Crepaz, N TI Re: "Quality of reporting of observational longitudinal research" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Chem Dependency, New York, NY 10003 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Des Jarlais, DC (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Chem Dependency, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM dcdesjarla@aol.com NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 10 BP 1032 EP 1032 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi313 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 983GG UT WOS:000233218800012 PM 16207806 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK AF Fridkin, SK TI The changing face of fungal infections in health care settings SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELL; RECIPIENTS RECEIVING VORICONAZOLE; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY; NOSOCOMIAL CANDIDEMIA; MOLD INFECTIONS AB As strategies to prevent invasive fungal infections among both hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients have evolved, the epidemiology of these infections has changed. Several unique features of select Candida species and molds have facilitated the emergence of these pathogens as more-common causes of infection than in previous years. In this context, the changing pathogen profiles, unique antifungal susceptibilities, and approaches to treatment are outlined. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), CDC, Mycot Dis Branch, MS C-09,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skf0@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 100 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1455 EP 1460 DI 10.1086/497138 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 975NY UT WOS:000232670400010 PM 16231257 ER PT J AU Bellini, WJ Rota, JS Lowe, LE Katz, RS Dyken, PR Zaki, SR Shieh, WJ Rota, PA AF Bellini, WJ Rota, JS Lowe, LE Katz, RS Dyken, PR Zaki, SR Shieh, WJ Rota, PA TI Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: More cases of this fatal disease are prevented by measles immunization than was previously recognized SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Virology CY JUL 20-24, 2002 CL LEXINGTON, KY SP Amer Soc Virol ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS STRAINS; LOS-ANGELES; NEW-GUINEA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SSPE; ELIMINATION; ADULT; RNA; COMPLETENESS AB Background. The most severe sequela of measles virus infection is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis ( SSPE), a fatal disease of the central nervous system that generally develops 7 - 10 years after infection. From 1989 through 1991, a resurgence of measles occurred in the United States, with 55,622 cases of measles reported. The purpose of the present study was to identify cases of SSPE that were associated with the resurgence of measles and to calculate the risk of developing SSPE. Methods. Brain tissue samples obtained from 11 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of SSPE were tested for the presence of measles virus RNA. Measles virus genotypes were determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by analysis of the sequences of the PCR products. A search of the literature was conducted to identify reports of cases of SSPE in persons residing in the United States who had measles during 1989 - 1991. Results. The measles virus sequences derived from brain tissue samples obtained from 11 patients with SSPE confirmed the diagnosis of SSPE. For 5 of the 11 patients with SSPE who had samples tested by RT-PCR and for 7 patients with SSPE who were identified in published case reports, it was determined that the development of SSPE was associated with the measles resurgence that occurred in the United States during 1989 - 1991. The estimated risk of developing SSPE was 10-fold higher than the previous estimate reported for the United States in 1982. Conclusions. Vaccination against measles prevents more cases of SSPE than was originally estimated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA Int SSPE Registry, Inst Res Childhood Neurodgenerat Dis, Mobile, AL USA. RP Rota, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Measles Virus Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jrota@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 10 BP 1686 EP 1693 DI 10.1086/497169 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 975ZG UT WOS:000232702000004 PM 16235165 ER PT J AU Fischer, TK Anh, DD Antil, L Cat, NDL Kilgore, PE Thiem, VD Rheingans, R Tho, LH Glass, RI Bresee, JS AF Fischer, TK Anh, DD Antil, L Cat, NDL Kilgore, PE Thiem, VD Rheingans, R Tho, LH Glass, RI Bresee, JS TI Health care costs of diarrheal disease and estimates of the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Vietnam SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NHA-TRANG AB Background. Rotavirus disease causes a significant health and economic burden worldwide. Several rotavirus vaccines may soon be available for use. A country's decision to introduce these vaccines will depend on its rotavirus disease burden, on the cost of the vaccine, and on the results of an economic assessment of the cost and effectiveness of a rotavirus vaccination program. Methods. Data on medical and nonmedical direct costs and indirect costs were established in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, and extrapolated to national estimates on the basis of the birth cohort in 2004. The main outcome measures were economic burden and cost-effectiveness ratio ( United States dollars per disability-adjusted life-year averted and dollars per life saved) of vaccination. Results. The disease burden is equivalent to an economic burden of an estimated $3.1 million in medical direct costs, $685,000 in nonmedical direct costs, and $1.5 million in indirect costs. From a societal perspective, treatment of rotavirus disease costs an estimated $5.3 million per year. From the health care system perspective, universal vaccination of infants at a cost of <=$7.26/vaccine dose would be a cost-effective public health intervention, according to the World Bank cost-effectiveness standard for low-income countries ($140/disability-adjusted life-year). Conclusions. Vaccination can effectively reduce the disease burden and health care costs of rotavirus-specific diarrhea in Vietnam. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Khanh Hoa Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam. Khanh Hoa Hlth Serv, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam. Int Vaccine Inst, Div Translat Res, Seoul, South Korea. RP Fischer, TK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop A-34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tfischer@dadlnet.dk; ducanhnihe@hn.vnn.vn RI Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013 OI Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482 NR 15 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 10 BP 1720 EP 1726 DI 10.1086/497339 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 975ZG UT WOS:000232702000008 PM 16235169 ER PT J AU Beard, CB Fox, MR Lawrence, GG Guarner, J Hanzlick, RL Huang, L del Rio, C Rimland, D Duchin, JS Colley, DG AF Beard, CB Fox, MR Lawrence, GG Guarner, J Hanzlick, RL Huang, L del Rio, C Rimland, D Duchin, JS Colley, DG TI Genetic differences in Pneumocystis isolates recovered from immunocompetent infants and from adults with AIDS: Epidemiological implications SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DEATH-SYNDROME; CARINII; JIROVECI; INFECTION; PNEUMONIA; GENOTYPES; CHILDREN AB Polymerase chain reaction analysis, direct DNA sequencing, and histological staining were used to determine whether Pneumocystis jirovecii was present in lung tissue specimens obtained, at autopsy, from 58 infants without identifiable immunodeficiency. The results of genotyping of these specimens were compared with the results of genotyping of specimens obtained from 384 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults with Pneumocystis pneumonia. P. jirovecii DNA was detected at the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA and dihydropteroate synthase loci in 100% and 53%, respectively, of the specimens obtained from infants. All specimens obtained from adults tested positive for P. jirovecii at both loci. Genotype distributions at both loci were significantly different in the 2 populations (P < .001). The observation of different strains circulating in immunocompetent infants and HIV-infected adults suggests independent transmission cycles that warrant further study. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. CDC, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fulton Cty, Off Med Examiner, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Beard, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd,Mail Stop P-02, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM cbeard@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K23 HL072117, K23 HL072117-02] NR 15 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 10 BP 1815 EP 1818 DI 10.1086/497381 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 975ZG UT WOS:000232702000021 PM 16235182 ER PT J AU Kew, O AF Kew, O TI The cutter incident - How America's first polio vaccine led to the growing vaccine crisis SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kew, O (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM omk1@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5750 BP 975 EP 975 DI 10.1126/science.1119502 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 984YN UT WOS:000233343400026 ER PT J AU Keppel, KG Pearcy, JN Weissman, JS AF Keppel, KG Pearcy, JN Weissman, JS TI Trends in racial disparities in care SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Keppel, KG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kkeppel@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 10 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 19 BP 2082 EP 2083 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 981WV UT WOS:000233119600019 ER PT J AU Visser, SN Lesesne, CA AF Visser, SN Lesesne, CA CA CDC TI Mental health in the United States: Prevalence of diagnosis and medication treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 842-847, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Visser, SN (reprint author), CDC, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 9 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 18 BP 2293 EP 2296 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 981LI UT WOS:000233089700010 ER PT J AU Williams, SM Chapman, D Lando, J AF Williams, SM Chapman, D Lando, J CA CDC TI The role of public health in mental health promotion (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 841-842, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Williams, SM (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 9 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 18 BP 2293 EP 2293 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 981LI UT WOS:000233089700009 ER PT J AU Audi, J Belson, M Patel, M Schier, J Osterloh, J AF Audi, J Belson, M Patel, M Schier, J Osterloh, J TI Ricin poisoning - A comprehensive review SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID CASTOR BEAN DUST; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS; TOXIC PROTEINS ABRIN; ABRUS-PRECATORIUS; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; INHALATION EXPOSURE; AEROSOL INHALATION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PARENCHYMAL-CELLS; DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN AB Context The recent discoveries of ricin, a deadly biologic toxin, at a South Carolina postal facility, a White House mail facility, and a US senator's office has raised concerns among public health officials, physicians, and citizens. Ricin is one of the most potent and lethal substances known, particularly when inhaled. The ease with which the native plant (Ricinus communis) can be obtained and the toxin extracted makes ricin an attractive weapon. Objectives To summarize the literature on ricin poisoning and provide recommendations based on our best professional judgment for clinicians and public health officials that are faced with deliberate release of ricin into the environment. Literature Acquisition Using PubMed, we searched MEDLINE and OLDMEDLINE databases (January 1950-August 2005). The Chemical and Biological Information Analysis Center database was searched for historical and military literature related to ricin toxicity. Book chapters, unpublished reports, monographs, relevant news reports, and Web material were also reviewed to find nonindexed articles. Results Most literature on ricin poisoning involves castor bean ingestion and experimental animal research. Aerosol release of ricin into the environment or adulteration of food and beverages are pathways to exposure likely to be exploited. Symptoms after ingestion (onset within 12 hours) are nonspecific and may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain and may progress to hypotension, liver failure, renal dysfunction, and death due to multiorgan failure or cardiovascular collapse. Inhalation (onset of symptoms is likely within 8 hours) of ricin is expected to produce cough, dyspnea, arthralgias, and fever and may progress to respiratory distress and death, with few other organ system manifestations. Biological analytic methods for detecting ricin exposure are undergoing investigation and may soon be available through reference laboratories. Testing of environmental samples is available through federal reference laboratories. Currently, no antidote, vaccine, or other specific effective therapy is available for ricin poisoning or prevention. Prompt treatment with supportive care is necessary to limit morbidity and mortality. Conclusion Healthcare workers and public health officials should consider ricin poisoning in patients with gastrointestinal or respiratory tract illness in the setting a credible threat. Poison control centers and public health authorities should be notified of any known illness associated with ricin exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia Poison Control Ctr, Sect Toxicol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Audi, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Nebraska Reg Poison Ctr, 8401 W Dodge Rd,Suite 115, Omaha, NE 68154 USA. EM cza7@cdc.gov RI Schier, Joshua/F-9861-2013 NR 111 TC 275 Z9 283 U1 12 U2 84 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 9 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 18 BP 2342 EP 2351 DI 10.1001/jama.294.18.2342 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 981LI UT WOS:000233089700027 PM 16278363 ER PT J AU Weber, JT AF Weber, JT TI Appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs - A better prescription is needed SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; CARE; INFECTIONS; RESISTANCE; MOXIFLOXACIN; ASSOCIATION; EPIDEMIC; FUTURE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Antimicrobial Resistance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weber, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Antimicrobial Resistance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jtw5@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 9 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 18 BP 2354 EP 2356 DI 10.1001/jama.294.18.2354 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 981LI UT WOS:000233089700029 PM 16278364 ER PT J AU Rosen, JB Breman, JG Manclark, CR Meade, BD Collins, WE Lobel, HO Saliou, P Roberts, JM Campaore, P Miller, MA AF Rosen, JB Breman, JG Manclark, CR Meade, BD Collins, WE Lobel, HO Saliou, P Roberts, JM Campaore, P Miller, MA TI Malaria chemoprophylaxis and the serologic response to measles and diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis vaccines SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; STANDARDIZED VIRAL HEMAGGLUTINATION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; INTERMITTENT TREATMENT; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; TANZANIAN INFANTS; GAMBIAN CHILDREN AB Background: Acute malaria has been associated with a decreased antibody response to tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, meningococcal, salmonella, and Hib vaccines. Interest in giving malaria drug therapy and prevention at the time of childhood immunizations has increased greatly following recent trials of intermittent preventive therapy during infancy (IPTi), stimulating this re-analysis of unpublished data. The effect of malaria chemoprophylaxis on vaccine response was studied following administration of measles vaccines and diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis (DTP) vaccines. Methods: In 1975, six villages divided into two groups of children = 74 months of age from Burkina Faso, were assigned to receive amodiaquine hydrochloride chemoprophylaxis (CH+) every two weeks for seven months or no chemoprophylaxis (CH-). After five months, children in each group received either one dose of measles or two doses of DTP vaccines. Results: For recipients of the measles vaccine, the seroconversion rates in CH+ and CH- children, respectively, were 93% and 96% (P > 0.05). The seroresponse rates in CH+ and CH- children respectively, were 73% and 86% for diphtheria (P > 0.05) and 77% and 91% for tetanus toxoid (P > 0.05). In a subset analysis, in which only children who strictly adhered to chemoprophylaxis criteria were included, there were, likewise, no significant differences in seroconversion or seroresponse for measles, diphtheria, or tetanus vaccines (P > 0.05). While analysis for pertussis showed a 43% (CH+) and 67% (CH-) response (P < 0.05), analyses using logistic regression to control for sex, age, chemoprophylaxis, weight-for-height Z-score, and pre-vaccination geometric mean titer (GMT), demonstrated that chemoprophylaxis was not associated with a significantly different conversion rate following DTP and measles vaccines. Seven months of chemoprophylaxis decreased significantly the malaria IFA and ELISA GMTs in the CH+ group. Conclusion: Malaria chemoprophylaxis prior to vaccination in malaria endemic settings did not improve or impair immunogenicity of DTP and measles vaccines. This is the first human study to look at the association between malaria chemoprophylaxis and the serologic response to whole-cell pertussis vaccine. C1 NIH, Div Int Epidemiol & Populat Studies, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Bacterial Prod Allergen & Parasit Prod, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Soc Pathol Exot, Paris, France. RP Rosen, JB (reprint author), NIH, Div Int Epidemiol & Populat Studies, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jennifer.rosen@uhmc.sunysb.edu; bremanj@ficod.fic.nih.gov; crm@manclark.com; meade@cber.FDA.gov; wec1@cdc.gov; lobel@hargray.com; psaliou@pasteur.fr; JMR1@CDC.GOV; traoreap@hotmail.com; millemar@mail.nih.gov NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 6 PY 2005 VL 4 AR 53 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-4-53 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 992QN UT WOS:000233899000001 PM 16271153 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Edelhofer, R Marcet, P Vianna, MCB Kwok, OCH Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Edelhofer, R Marcet, P Vianna, MCB Kwok, OCH Lehmann, T TI Genetic and biologic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii infections in free-range chickens from Austria SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; chickens; Gallus domesticus; free-range; Austria; genotype ID PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; UNITED-STATES; CATS; GENOTYPE; BRAZIL; MICE; OOCYSTS; DISEASE; SHEEP AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T gondii in free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from 11 Bio-farms in Austria was determined. Antibodies to T gondii assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) were found in 302 of 830 (36.3%) chickens with titers of 1: 10 in 50, 1:20 in 69, 1:40 in 53, 1:80 in 40, 1:160 or higher in 90. Hearts of 218 chickens with MAT titers of 10 or higher were bioassayed individually in mice. Tissues from 1183 chickens were pooled and fed to 15, T gondii-free cats. Feces of the cats were examined for oocysts; 11 cats shed T gondii oocysts. T gondii was isolated from 56 chickens by bioassay in mice. Thus, there were 67 isolates of T gondii from these chickens. Genotyping of these 67 isolates using the SAG2 locus indicated that all 33 were Type II. Phenotypically and genetically these isolates were different from T gondii isolates from Brazil. None of the isolates was virulent for mice. This is the first report of isolation of T gondii from chickens from Austria. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Vet Med Univ Wien, Inst Parasitol & Zool, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; OI Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020 NR 36 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 5 PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.06.006 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 975MF UT WOS:000232665900004 PM 16039065 ER PT J AU Chenine, AL Buckley, KA Li, PL Rasmussen, RA Ong, H Jiang, S Wang, T Augostini, P Secor, WE Ruprecht, RM AF Chenine, AL Buckley, KA Li, PL Rasmussen, RA Ong, H Jiang, S Wang, T Augostini, P Secor, WE Ruprecht, RM TI Schistosoma mansoni infection promotes SHIV clade C replication in rhesus macaques SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE coinfection; rhesus macaques; HIV/SHIV; Schistosoma mansoni; cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; HIV-1 INFECTION; MACACA MULATTA; VIRUS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INDIVIDUALS; CYTOKINE; HELMINTH AB Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that parasitic infections that induce T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses, such as schistosomiasis, upregulate HIV-1 replication. Design: The effect of concomitant Schistosoma mansoni infection was tested in a primate model of acute and chronic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in rhesus macaques using a novel SHIV strain encoding the R5 env gene of a primary HIV clade C isolate from sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: S. mansoni-infected rhesus macaques and controls were exposed to SHIV to assess the effects of schistosomiasis on acute viral infection. Effects on chronic viral infection were evaluated by exposing virus-infected animals to parasites. S. mansoni infection was confirmed by the presence of parasite eggs in stool and eosinophilia. Viral RNA loads,, cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression were measured by real time reverse transcription-PCR. Results: S. mansoni coinfection increased the expression of Th2-associated cytokine responses and SHIV replication during both acute and chronic phases of SHIV infection. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that concomitant schistosomiasis upregulates replication of immunodeficiency viruses in coinfected hosts, raising the possibility that parasite-infected individuals may also be more susceptible to acquisition of HIV-1 infection. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ruprecht, RM (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, 44 Binney St,JFB809, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM was4@cdc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR014180]; NIAID NIH HHS [R56 AI 06 2515, P01 AI48240]; NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE 016 013] NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 16 BP 1793 EP 1797 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000189857.51935.0b PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 982PO UT WOS:000233174300007 PM 16227786 ER PT J AU Baryarama, F Bunnell, R Ransom, R Mubangizi, J Tumuhairwe, E Kalule, L Hitimana-Lukanika, C Mermin, J AF Baryarama, F Bunnell, R Ransom, R Mubangizi, J Tumuhairwe, E Kalule, L Hitimana-Lukanika, C Mermin, J TI Changing from anonymous to confidential HIV voluntary counseling and testing in Uganda SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID HIV/AIDS PREVENTION; AFRICA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. AIDS Informat Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. RP Baryarama, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 16 BP 1930 EP 1931 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000189568.10471.fd PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 982PO UT WOS:000233174300030 PM 16227809 ER PT J AU Thanprasertsuk, S Sirivongrangson, P Ungchusak, K Jommaroeng, R Siriprapasiri, T Phanuphak, P Tappero, JW van Griensven, F AF Thanprasertsuk, S Sirivongrangson, P Ungchusak, K Jommaroeng, R Siriprapasiri, T Phanuphak, P Tappero, JW van Griensven, F TI The invisibility of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION C1 Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Rainbow Sky Assoc Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Thai Red Cross Soc, AIDS Res Ctr, Bangkok, Thailand. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thanprasertsuk, S (reprint author), Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 16 BP 1932 EP 1933 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000189845.96783.17 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 982PO UT WOS:000233174300032 PM 16227811 ER PT J AU Ghosh, AK Xi, K Ratia, K Santarsiero, BD Fu, WT Harcourt, BH Rota, PA Baker, SC Johnson, ME Mesecar, AD AF Ghosh, AK Xi, K Ratia, K Santarsiero, BD Fu, WT Harcourt, BH Rota, PA Baker, SC Johnson, ME Mesecar, AD TI Design and synthesis of peptidomimetic severe acute respiratory syndrome chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORONAVIRUS; ACID; ESTER AB Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of peptidomimetic severe acute respiratory syndrome chymotrypsin-like protease (SARS-3CLpro) inhibitors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) are described. These inhibitors exhibited antiviral activity against SARS-CoV in infected cells in the micromolar range. An X-ray crystal structure of our lead inhibitor (4) bound to SARS-3CLpro provided important drug-design templates for the design of small-molecule inhibitors. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Med Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Loyola Univ, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ghosh, AK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM akghosh@purdue.edu OI Mesecar, Andrew/0000-0002-1241-2577 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI060915-030003, P01 AI 060915, P01 AI060915]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 53386] NR 17 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD NOV 3 PY 2005 VL 48 IS 22 BP 6767 EP 6771 DI 10.1021/JM050548m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 980KL UT WOS:000233017300001 PM 16250632 ER PT J AU Jablecki, J Keller, R DeGraw, C Ratard, R Straif-Bourgeois, S Holcombe, JM Quilter, S Byers, P McNeill, M Schlossberg, D Dohony, DP Neville, J Carlo, J Buhner, D Smith, BR Wallace, C Jernigan, D Sobel, J Reynolds, M Moore, M Kuehnert, M Mott, J Jamieson, D Burns-Grant, G Misselbeck, T Cruise, PE LoBue, P Holtz, T Haddad, M Clark, TA Cohen, A Sunenshine, R Jhung, M Vranken, P Carpenter, LR AF Jablecki, J Keller, R DeGraw, C Ratard, R Straif-Bourgeois, S Holcombe, JM Quilter, S Byers, P McNeill, M Schlossberg, D Dohony, DP Neville, J Carlo, J Buhner, D Smith, BR Wallace, C Jernigan, D Sobel, J Reynolds, M Moore, M Kuehnert, M Mott, J Jamieson, D Burns-Grant, G Misselbeck, T Cruise, PE LoBue, P Holtz, T Haddad, M Clark, TA Cohen, A Sunenshine, R Jhung, M Vranken, P Carpenter, LR TI Infectious disease and dermatologic conditions in evacuees and rescue workers after Hurricane Katrina - Multiple states, August-September, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 961-964, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DISASTER C1 Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Div TB Control, Montgomery, AL 36130 USA. Combat Support Hosp 14th, Ft Benning, GA USA. Ochsner Clin Fdn, New Orleans, LA USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, TB Control Sect, New Orleans, LA USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. TB Control Program, San Diego, CA USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. Philadelphia TB Control Program, Philadelphia, PA USA. Dallas Cty Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Dallas, TX USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. CDC, Outbreak Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jablecki, J (reprint author), Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Div TB Control, Montgomery, AL 36130 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 17 BP 2158 EP 2160 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 979PQ UT WOS:000232957700006 ER PT J AU Martin, S Carlson, S AF Martin, S Carlson, S TI Barriers to children walking to or from school - United States, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 949-952, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Martin, S (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 17 BP 2160 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 979PQ UT WOS:000232957700007 ER PT J AU Keren, R Zaoutis, TE Bridges, CB Herrera, G Watson, BM Wheeler, AB Licht, DJ Luan, XQ Coffin, SE AF Keren, R Zaoutis, TE Bridges, CB Herrera, G Watson, BM Wheeler, AB Licht, DJ Luan, XQ Coffin, SE TI Neurological and neuromuscular disease as a risk factor for respiratory failure in children hospitalized with influenza infection SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID OUTPATIENT VISITS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; COMPLICATIONS; EPIDEMIC; INFANTS AB Context The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends annual influenza vaccination for children with certain chronic medical conditions to prevent serious complications of influenza infection. Little is known about the relative contribution of each of these chronic medical conditions to the development of serious influenza-associated complications. Objective To identify chronic medical conditions that are associated with respiratory failure in children hospitalized with community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza. Design, Setting, and Patients A retrospective cohort study of patients aged 21 years or younger hospitalized at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia with community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza during 4 consecutive influenza seasons (June 2000 through May 2004). We examined 9 ACIP-designated high-risk chronic medical conditions and 3 additional chronic medical conditions (neurological and neuromuscular disease [NNMD], gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD], and history of prematurity) that in recent studies have been associated with influenza hospitalization and severe influenza-related complications. Main Outcome Measures Rate and odds ratio (OR) of respiratory failure, defined as need for mechanical ventilation. Results Of 745 children hospitalized with community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza, 322 (43%) had 1 or more ACIP-designated high-risk chronic medical conditions. Neurological and neuromuscular disease, GERD, and history of prematurity were present in 12%, 14%, and 3%, of children, respectively. Thirty-two children (4.3%) developed respiratory failure. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, conditions associated with respiratory failure included NNMID (OR, 6.0 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-13.5), chronic pulmonary disease other than asthma (OR, 4.8; 95% Cl, 1.5-15.1), and cardiac disease (OR, 4.0; 95% Cl, 1.6-10.2). The predicted probabilities of respiratory failure derived from the multivariate model were 12% (95% Cl, 7%-20%), 9% (95% Cl, 3%-23%), and 8% (95% Cl, 4%-18%) for children with NNMD, chronic pulmonary disease, and cardiac disease, respectively. Conclusions These results support the ACIP's recent decision to add NNMID to the list of conditions for which annual influenza vaccine is recommended in children. Neurologists and primary care pediatricians should be alerted to the increased risk of respiratory failure and the importance of influenza vaccination in children with NNMD. C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Gen Pediat, Pediat Gen Res Grp, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Med, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Leonard Davis Inst Hlth Econ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Keren, R (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Gen Pediat, Pediat Gen Res Grp, Dept Med, 3535 Market St,Room 1524, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM keren@email.chop.edu RI Licht, Daniel/I-3370-2013 OI Licht, Daniel/0000-0002-4080-843X FU NICHD NIH HHS [K23 HD043179]; ODCDC CDC HHS [H23/CCH32253-02] NR 20 TC 90 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 17 BP 2188 EP 2194 DI 10.1001/jama.294.17.2188 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 979PQ UT WOS:000232957700021 PM 16264160 ER PT J AU Richardson, L AF Richardson, L TI Ethnicity and breast cancer: Factors influencing differences in incidence and outcome SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter ID CARE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Richardson, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lfr8@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 21 BP 1619 EP 1619 DI 10.1093/jnci/dji345 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 981WB UT WOS:000233117600015 PM 16264184 ER PT J AU Wang, ZC Hopke, PK Baron, PA Ahmadi, G Cheng, YS Deye, G Su, WC AF Wang, ZC Hopke, PK Baron, PA Ahmadi, G Cheng, YS Deye, G Su, WC TI Fiber classification and the influence of average air humidity SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDOOR SURFACE ACCUMULATIONS; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; FIBROUS AEROSOL; IONIC SUBSTANCES; VITREOUS FIBERS; AIRBORNE FIBERS; HUMAN LUNGS; MODEL; ASBESTOS; LENGTH AB The use of man-made vitreous fibers (MMVFs) as a substitute for asbestos in industrial and residential applications has raised the concerns of the potential hazards associated with inhalable aerosolized fibers. The complex movement of fiber makes it difficult to predict the pattern of fiber deposition in human airways from the behavior of spherical particles. Difficulties in producing monodisperse length fibers has been an obstacle to study fibrous particle deposition in the human respiratory system. To address this problem, a narrow length distribution of fibers was generated using dielectrophoretic classification. Dielectrophoresis is the motion of neutral matter in a nonuniform electric field due to an induced dipole moment. It is sensitive to the conductivity of the matter in the field. A fiber classifier has been used to study the influence of atmospheric humidity on the behavior of glass fibers. Glass fibers, as insulators, can not be classified by the dielectrophoretic classifier. However, our study shows that a humidity higher than 15% RH can change the conductivity of the glass fibers so as to permit their effective classification. C1 Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Hopke, PK (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Box 5708, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM hopkepk@clarkson.edu RI Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 53 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1056 EP 1063 DI 10.1080/02786820500380198 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 992SZ UT WOS:000233905600004 ER PT J AU Bunnell, RE Nassozi, J Marum, E Mubangizi, J Malamba, S Dillon, B Kalule, J Bahizi, J Musoke, N Mermin, JH AF Bunnell, RE Nassozi, J Marum, E Mubangizi, J Malamba, S Dillon, B Kalule, J Bahizi, J Musoke, N Mermin, JH TI Living with discordance: knowledge, challenges, and prevention strategies of HIV-discordant couples in Uganda SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE HIV-discordant couples; Africa; counselling; Uganda; VCT ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HETEROSEXUAL COUPLES; COUNSELING-CENTER; MARRIED-COUPLES; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; TRANSMISSION; SEROSTATUS; INFECTION; PARTNERS; AFRICA AB Prevalence of HIV- discordance among couples in sub- Saharan Africa is high. Negative partners are at high risk of HIV infection but few HIV/ AIDS service providers have developed effective counseling messages for HIV- discordant couples. To identify clients' explanations for discordance, challenges, and prevention strategies, 24 in- depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions were conducted with 32 female and 35 male members of HIV- discordant couples who sought HIV voluntary counseling and testing ( VCT) in Uganda. In addition, counselor explanations for discordance were gathered from 62 counselor trainers during 3 interactive workshops. Misconceptions about discordance were widespread among clients and counselors. Common explanations included: the concept of a hidden infection not detectable by HIV tests, belief in immunity, the thought that gentle sex protected HIV-negative partners, and belief in protection by God. Such explanations for discordance reinforced denial of HIV risk for the negative partner within discordant couples and potentially increased transmission risk. Couples identified negotiation of sexual relations as their most formidable challenge. Prevention strategies included condom use, abstinence and separation of beds, contractual agreements for outside sexual partners, and relationship cessation. Discordant couples represent a critical risk group and improved counseling protocols that clearly explain discordance, emphasize high risk of transmission, and support risk reduction are urgently needed. C1 CDC Uganda, Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, GAP Country Program, Support Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. AIDS Informat Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. CDC Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bunnell, RE (reprint author), CDC Uganda, Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. EM rrb7@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 35 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD NOV PY 2005 VL 17 IS 8 BP 999 EP 1012 DI 10.1080/09540120500100718 PG 14 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 974RF UT WOS:000232608400008 PM 16176896 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Cogswell, ME Gillespie, C Reyes, M AF Blanck, HM Cogswell, ME Gillespie, C Reyes, M TI Iron supplement use and iron status among US adults: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron supplements; ferritin; transferrin saturation; adults; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES; recommended dietary allowances; RDAs ID SERUM FERRITIN; TRANSFERRIN SATURATION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ZINC-ABSORPTION; UNITED-STATES; STORES; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; WOMEN; RISK; MEN AB Background: Patients with hemochromatosis are instructed to avoid taking supplemental iron. Whether supplemental iron intakes lead to higher iron status among healthy persons remains less clear. Objective: The objective was to ascertain whether supplemental iron intakes are associated with increases in iron transport (transferrin saturation) and stores (serum ferritin) among US adults aged >= 19 y. Design: We analyzed data for 5948 adults from whom a fasting serum sample was collected during the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used multivariable linear regression and analysis of variance to assess the association of supplemental iron intake with iron transport and stores among men (aged 19-30 y or > 30 y) and women (nonpregnant premenopausal or postmenopausal); multiple comparison tests were also performed. Results: Healthy adults who took supplements containing average daily amounts of iron at :5 3 times the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) did not have significantly higher iron transport or stores than did those who did not take supplements. In younger men, the intake of > 32 mg Fe/d (> 4x RDA) was associated with mean transport iron concentrations that were significantly higher than those in persons who took 0 to <= 24 mg Fe/d. In older men, the intake of > 32 mg Fe/d (> 4x RDA) was associated with mean iron stores that were significantly higher than those in persons who took 0 to <= 24 mg Fe/d; a similar result was observed in postmenopausal women, but it was of borderline statistical significance. Conclusion: Supplement users should be made aware of the amount of iron necessary to satisfy dietary requirements and informed of the possible influence that excess iron intake can have on body iron stores and health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hblanck@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 82 IS 5 BP 1024 EP 1031 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 982JC UT WOS:000233153000016 PM 16280434 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF AF Dowell, SF TI Re: "seasonal patterns in monthly hemoglobin A(1c) values" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter DE accidental falls; aged; estrogen replacement therapy; fractures; frail elderly; osteoporosis; pelvis ID MECHANISMS; CALENDAR; RHYTHM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 9 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi297 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 976PP UT WOS:000232745900017 ER PT J AU Driver, CR Stricof, RL Granville, K Munsiff, SS Savranskaya, G Kearns, C Christie, A Oxtoby, M AF Driver, CR Stricof, RL Granville, K Munsiff, SS Savranskaya, G Kearns, C Christie, A Oxtoby, M TI Tuberculosis in health care workers during declining tuberculosis incidence in New York State SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; CITY AB Background: Nosocomial tuberculosis (TB) transmission has decreased dramatically in New York State since 1992: however, health care workers (HCWs) still compose > 3% of TB cases. Methods: Aggregate surveillance data on incident TB cases from 1994 to 2002 were examined for trends among HCWs. Additional information was available for HCW cases from 1998 to 2002, including facility type, tuberculin skin test (TST) result at hire, and treatment of latent TB infection (TLTBI). Results: In New York State, 2.5% of TB cases in 1994 and 4.0% in 2002 were in HCWs (P value for trend < .001). Fifty percent of HCWs TB cases in 1994 and 77.6% in 2002 were in non-US born (P = .002) HCWs. Multidrug-resistant TB in HCWs decreased from 15.6% in 1994 to 6.9% in 2002 (P = .001). Of 297 HCWs TB cases in 1998-2002, 54.9% were TST positive at hire, and 21.2% had unknown TST result; 50.2% of 221 HCWs who were TST positive at or after hire met guidelines for TLTBL and 23.4% received treatment. The highest proportion with unknown TST at hire and the lowest proportion receiving TLTBI were in ambulatory facilities. Conclusion: Many HCWs who developed TB were either TST positive at hire and did not receive TLTBI or did not receive TST at hire. Facilities should encourage treatment for HCWs who meet criteria for TLTBI. Provider education should focus on ambulatory facilities. C1 Bur Tuberculosis Control, Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Tuberculosis Control, Albany, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Driver, CR (reprint author), 225 Broadway,22nd Floor, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM cdriver@health.nyc.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD NOV PY 2005 VL 33 IS 9 BP 519 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.05.016 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 982PS UT WOS:000233174700004 PM 16260327 ER PT J AU Shvedova, AA Kisin, ER Mercer, R Murray, AR Johnson, VJ Potapovich, AI Tyurina, YY Gorelik, O Arepalli, S Schwegler-Berry, D Hubbs, AF Antonini, J Evans, DE Ku, BK Ramsey, D Maynard, A Kagan, VE Castranova, V Baron, P AF Shvedova, AA Kisin, ER Mercer, R Murray, AR Johnson, VJ Potapovich, AI Tyurina, YY Gorelik, O Arepalli, S Schwegler-Berry, D Hubbs, AF Antonini, J Evans, DE Ku, BK Ramsey, D Maynard, A Kagan, VE Castranova, V Baron, P TI Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; inflammation; cytokines; microbial infection ID INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; PARTICLES; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; LUNG; RATS; ALVEOLAR; MONOXIDE; TISSUE AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are new materials of emerging technological importance. As SWCNT are introduced into the life cycle of commercial products, their effects on human health and environment should be addressed. We demonstrated that pharyngeal aspiration of SWCNT elicited unusual pulmonary effects in C57BL/ 6 mice that combined a robust but acute inflammation with early onset yet progressive fibrosis and granulomas. A dose-dependent increase in the protein, LDH, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities in bronchoalveolar lavage were found along with accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal ( oxidative biomarker) and depletion of glutathione in lungs. An early neutrophils accumulation ( day 1), followed by lymphocyte ( day 3) and macrophage ( day 7) influx, was accompanied by early elevation of proinflammatory cytokines ( TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta; day 1) followed by fibrogenic transforming growth factor ( TGF)-beta 1 ( peaked on day 7). A rapid progressive fibrosis found in mice exhibited two distinct morphologies: 1) SWCNT-induced granulomas mainly associated with hypertrophied epithelial cells surrounding SWCNT aggregates and 2) diffuse interstitial fibrosis and alveolar wall thickening likely associated with dispersed SWCNT. In vitro exposure of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages to SWCNT triggered TGF-beta 1 production similarly to zymosan but generated less TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. SWCNT did not cause superoxide or NO (.) production, active SWCNT engulfment, or apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Functional respiratory deficiencies and decreased bacterial clearance ( Listeria monocytogenes) were found in mice treated with SWCNT. Equal doses of ultrafine carbon black particles or fine crystalline silica ( SiO(2)) did not induce granulomas or alveolar wall thickening and caused a significantly weaker pulmonary inflammation and damage. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Nanotube Team, GBTech Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Free Rad & Antioxidant Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Shvedova, AA (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM AShvedova@cdc.gov RI Johnson, Victor/A-7910-2009; Arepalli, Sivaram/A-5372-2010; Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1R01 HL-070755]; NIOSH CDC HHS [1R01 OH-008282] NR 29 TC 641 Z9 669 U1 7 U2 98 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 289 IS 5 BP L698 EP L708 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00084.2005 PG 11 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 972RB UT WOS:000232469800003 PM 15951334 ER PT J AU Besser, LM Dannenberg, AL AF Besser, LM Dannenberg, AL TI Walking to public transit steps to help meet physical activity recommendations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENT; ADULTS; PLACES; HEALTH AB Background: Nearly half of Americans do not meet the Surgeon General's recommendation of >= 30 minutes of physical activity daily. Some transit users may achieve 30 minutes of physical activity daily solely by walking to and from transit. This study estimates the total daily time spent walking to and from transit and the predictors of achieving 30 minutes of physical activity daily by doing so. Methods: Transit-associated walking times for 3312 transit users were examined among the 105,942 adult respondents to the 2001 National Household Travel Survey, a telephone-based survey sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation to assess American travel behavior. Results: Americans who use transit spend a median of 19 minutes daily walking to and from transit; 29% achieve >= 30 minutes of physical activity a day solely by walking to and from transit. In multivariate analysis, rail users, minorities, people in households earning < $15,000 a year, and people in high-density urban areas were more likely to spend; >= 30 minutes walking to and from transit daily. Conclusions: Walking to and from public transportation can help physically inactive populations, especially low-income and minority groups, attain the recommended level of daily physical activity. Increased access to public transit may help promote and maintain active lifestyles. Results from this study may contribute to health impact assessment studies (HIA) that evaluate the impact of proposed public transit systems on physical activity levels, and thereby may influence choices made by transportation planners. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Envir4onm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Besser, LM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lbesser@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 234 Z9 236 U1 10 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 29 IS 4 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.ampre.2005.06.010 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 977NC UT WOS:000232809500004 PM 16242589 ER PT J AU Chang, J Berg, CJ AF Chang, J Berg, CJ TI Underreporting of pregnancy-associated deaths - Chang and Berg respond to Horon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chang, J (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS,K-21, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jchang@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1879 EP 1880 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.072041 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 980XF UT WOS:000233050800002 ER PT J AU Boyle, CA Cordero, JF AF Boyle, CA Cordero, JF TI Birth defects and disabilities: A public health issue for the 21st century SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Boyle, CA (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cboyle@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1884 EP 1886 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.067181 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 980XF UT WOS:000233050800008 PM 16195507 ER PT J AU Churchill, RE AF Churchill, RE TI Disabled or enabled? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Churchill, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Mailstop E-93,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rec1@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1887 EP 1888 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.064055 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 980XF UT WOS:000233050800009 PM 16195510 ER PT J AU Brush, CA Kelly, MM Green, D Gaffney, M Kattwinkel, J French, M AF Brush, CA Kelly, MM Green, D Gaffney, M Kattwinkel, J French, M TI Meeting the challenge: Using policy to improve children's health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; HEARING-LOSS; NEWBORN; IDENTIFICATION; PREVENTION; IMPAIRMENT; LANGUAGE; SIDS AB We reflect on the proceedings of a symposium at a conference of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. We present examples of bridging the gap between science and policy to achieve improvements in children's health through case studies in early hearing detection and intervention, folic acid fortification to prevent birth defects, sleep positioning recommendations to reduce infant mortality, and workplace lactation support programs. We discuss case studies that present different policy strategies (public health law and voluntary practices) for improving public health. These case studies demonstrate both the power of policy as a tool for improving children's health and the challenges of communicating public health research to policy decisionmakers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Pediat, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Potomac Hlth Consulting, Arlington, VA USA. RP Brush, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cbrush@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1904 EP 1909 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.056200 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 980XF UT WOS:000233050800013 PM 16195517 ER PT J AU Baker, JR Crudder, SO Riske, B Bias, V Forsberg, A AF Baker, JR Crudder, SO Riske, B Bias, V Forsberg, A TI A model for a regional system of care to promote the health and well-being of people with rare chronic genetic disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INHERITED BLEEDING DISORDERS; VON-WILLEBRAND-DISEASE; IMPROVING PRIMARY-CARE; CHRONIC ILLNESS; COMPREHENSIVE CARE; UNITED-STATES; HEMOPHILIA; SPECIALIST; MALES; WOMEN AB People with rare, inherited chronic health conditions, such as hemophilia, face added physical, social, emotional, and fiscal challenges beyond those that are common to more prevalent chronic conditions. In 1975, a partnership among clinicians, consumers, and government agencies created a nationwide regional health delivery system that increased access to clinical care, prevention, and research, thereby improving health outcomes for people with hemophilia in the United States. Today, more than 130 Comprehensive Hemophilia Diagnostic and Treatment Centers in 12 regions serve 70%-80% of the nation's hemophilia patients. Health care leaders and advocates for other rare, expensive, chronic disorders may find that regionalization improves survival and reduces disability among affected populations. However, diverse and stable resources are needed to sustain such a model in our profit-oriented US health care arena. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Childrens Ctr Canc & Blood Disorders, Fed Hemophilia Treatment Ctr Reg 9, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. Univ Colorado, Mt States Reg Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Hemophilia Council Calif, Sacramento, CA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Mem Hosp, New England Hemophilia Ctr, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. RP Crudder, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E 64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM scrudder@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1910 EP 1916 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.051318 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 980XF UT WOS:000233050800014 PM 16195525 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Waitzman, NJ Romano, PS Mulinare, J AF Grosse, SD Waitzman, NJ Romano, PS Mulinare, J TI Reevaluating the benefits of folic acid fortification in the United States: Economic analysis, regulation, and public health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PERICONCEPTIONAL VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; FOOD FORTIFICATION; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; GRAIN; FOLATE; RISK AB Before a 1996 US regulation requiring fortification of enriched cereal-grain products with folic acid, 3 economic evaluations projected net economic benefits or cost savings of folic acid fortification resulting from the prevention of pregnancies affected by a neural tube defect. Because the observed decline in neural tube defect rates is greater than was forecast before fortification, the economic gains are correspondingly larger. Applying both cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analytic techniques, we estimated that folic acid fortification is associated with annual economic benefit of $312 million to $425 million. The cost savings (net reduction in direct costs) were estimated to be in the range of $88 million to $145 million per year. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Econ, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Gen Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth Serv Res Primary Care, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgrosse@cdc.gov RI Romano, Patrick/N-4225-2014 OI Romano, Patrick/0000-0001-6749-3979 FU PHS HHS [04IPA05219] NR 46 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1917 EP 1922 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.058859 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 980XF UT WOS:000233050800015 PM 16195513 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Hayes, EB AF Rasmussen, SA Hayes, EB TI Public health approach to emerging infections among pregnant women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; INFLUENZA; TOXOPLASMOSIS; CONSEQUENCES; DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOMES; ANTHRAX; DISEASE; WEAPON; VIRUS AB As public health professionals respond to emerging infections, particular attention needs to be paid to pregnant women and their offspring. Pregnant women might be more susceptible to, or more severely affected by, emerging infections. The effects of a new maternal infection on the embryo or fetus are difficult to predict. Some medications recommended for prophylaxis or treatment could harm the embryo or fetus. We discuss the challenges of responding to emerging infections among pregnant women, and we propose strategies for overcoming these challenges. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skr9@cdc.gov OI Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1942 EP 1944 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.054957 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 980XF UT WOS:000233050800020 PM 16195518 ER PT J AU Lydon-Rochelle, MT Cardenas, V Nelson, JL Tomashek, KM Mueller, BA Easterling, TR AF Lydon-Rochelle, MT Cardenas, V Nelson, JL Tomashek, KM Mueller, BA Easterling, TR TI Validity of maternal and perinatal risk factors reported on fetal death certificates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INFANT-MORTALITY; GESTATIONAL-AGE AB We sought to estimate the accuracy, relative to maternal medical records, of perinatal risk factors recorded on fetal death certificates. We conducted a validation study of fetal death certificates among women who experienced fetal deaths between 1996 and 2001. The number of previous births, established diabetes, chronic hypertension, maternal fever, performance of autopsy, anencephaly, and Down syndrome had very high accuracy, while placental cord conditions and other chromosomal abnormalities were reported inaccurately. Additional population-based studies are needed to identify strategies to improve fetal death certificate data. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Family & Child Nursing, Sch Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Hlth Studies, Grp Hlth Cooperat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Epidemiol, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lydon-Rochelle, MT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Family & Child Nursing, Sch Nursing, Mail Stop 357262, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM minot@u.washington.edu NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1948 EP 1951 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.044305 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 980XF UT WOS:000233050800022 PM 16195532 ER PT J AU Okoro, CA Balluz, LS Campbell, VA Holt, JB Mokdad, AH AF Okoro, CA Balluz, LS Campbell, VA Holt, JB Mokdad, AH TI State and metropolitan-area estimates of disability in the United States, 2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Objectives. We sought to provide estimates of disability prevalence for states and metropolitan areas in the United States. Methods. We analyzed Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2001 for all 50 states and the District of Columbia and 103 metropolitan areas. We performed stratified analyses by demographics for 20 metropolitan areas with the highest prevalence of disability. Results. State disability estimates ranged from 10.5% in Hawaii to 25.9% in Arizona. Metropolitan disability estimates ranged from 10.2% in Honolulu, Hawaii to 27.1% in Tucson, Ariz. Regional metropolitan medians for disability (range, 17.0-19.7%) were similar across the Northeast, Midwest, and South and were highest in the West. In the 20 metropolitan areas with the highest disability estimates, the prevalence of disability generally increased with age and was higher for women and those with a high-school education or less. Conclusions. State and metropolitan-area estimates may be used to guide state and local efforts to prevent, delay, or reduce disability and secondary conditions in persons with disabilities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Okoro, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cokoro@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1964 EP 1969 DI 10.2105/APJH.2004.047308 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 980XF UT WOS:000233050800025 PM 16254230 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Hootman, JM Chapman, DP Okoro, CA Balluz, L AF Strine, TW Hootman, JM Chapman, DP Okoro, CA Balluz, L TI Health-related quality of life, health risk behaviors, and disability among adults with pain-related activity difficulty SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SELF-RATED HEALTH; LOW-BACK-PAIN; CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN; GENERAL-POPULATION; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CARE-SEEKING; OLDER-ADULTS; NECK PAIN; PREVALENCE AB Objectives. We examined the association between pain-related activity difficulty (PRAD) in the past 30 days and health-related quality of life, health behaviors, disability indices', and major health impairments in the general US population. Methods. We obtained data from 18 states in the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing, cross-sectional, state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older. Results. Nearly one quarter of people in the 18 states and the District of Columbia reported at least 1 day of PRAD in the past 30 days. PRAD was associated with obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, impaired general health, infrequent vitality, and frequent occurrences of physical distress, mental distress, depressive symptoms, sleep insufficiency, and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, a general dose-response relationship was noted between increased days of PRAD and increased prevalence of impaired health-related quality of life, disability indices, and health risk behaviors. Conclusion. Pain negatively influences various domains of health, not only among clinical populations, but also in the general community, suggesting a critical need for the dissemination of targeted interventions to enhance recognition and treatment of pain among adult community-dwellers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 95 IS 11 BP 2042 EP 2048 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.066225 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 980XF UT WOS:000233050800037 PM 16195508 ER PT J AU De Rochars, MB Kanjilal, S Direny, AN Radday, J Lafontant, JG Mathieu, E Rheingans, RD Haddix, AC Streit, TG Beach, MJ Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ AF De Rochars, MB Kanjilal, S Direny, AN Radday, J Lafontant, JG Mathieu, E Rheingans, RD Haddix, AC Streit, TG Beach, MJ Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ TI The Leogane, Haiti demonstration project: Decreased microfilaremia and program costs after three years of mass drug administration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS ELIMINATION; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI INFECTION; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; ALBENDAZOLE; STRATEGIES; COMMUNE AB To support the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF), well-monitored demonstration projects are important for defining the relationship between coverage and reductions in microfilaremia. We are using mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole in an effort to eliminate LF from Leogane, Haiti. Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia prevalence at baseline ranged from 0.8% to 1.5.9% in four sentinel sites. After three rounds of DEC-albendazole mass drug administration (MDA), both microfilaremia prevalence and intensity decreased dramatically. Mild and moderate adverse reactions after treatment were common, especially after the first MDA, but decreased after subsequent MDAs. Drug coverage for the first year was estimated to be 72%, but concerns about adverse reactions appeared to decrease drug coverage in the second MDA. As a result of community education efforts that focused on providing a greater understanding of adverse reactions, coverage increased dramatically for the third round. Program efficiency increased substantially; the costs per person treated for three rounds of MDA were $2.23, $1.96, and $1.30 per person, respectively. The Leogane experience highlights the importance of adapting community education and mobilization campaigns to achieve and maintain good coverage. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Lymphat Filariasis Support Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Hosp Str Croix, Leogane, Haiti. Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Lammie, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F13,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pjl1@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 73 IS 5 BP 888 EP 894 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 985UR UT WOS:000233404700014 PM 16282299 ER PT J AU Lule, JR Mermin, J Ekwaru, JP Malamba, S Downing, R Ransom, R Nakanjako, D Wafula, W Hughes, P Bunnell, R Kaharuza, F Coutinho, A Kigozi, A Quick, R AF Lule, JR Mermin, J Ekwaru, JP Malamba, S Downing, R Ransom, R Nakanjako, D Wafula, W Hughes, P Bunnell, R Kaharuza, F Coutinho, A Kigozi, A Quick, R TI Effect of home-based water chlorination and safe storage on diarrhea among persons with human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HIV-INFECTION; COTE-DIVOIRE; TUBERCULOSIS; DISEASE; PREVENTION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY AB Diarrhea is frequent among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but few interventions are available for people in Africa. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a home-based, safe water intervention on the incidence and severity of diarrhea among persons with HIV living in rural Uganda. Between April 2001 and November 2002, households of 509 persons with HIV and 1,521 HIV-negative household members received a closed-mouth plastic container, a dilute chlorine solution, and hygiene education (safe water system [SWS]) or simply hygiene education alone. After five months, HIV-positive participants received daily cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (160 mg of trimethoprim and 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole) and were followed for an additional 1.5 years. Persons with HIV using SWS had 25% fewer diarrhea episodes (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59-0.94, P = 0.015), 33% fewer days with diarrhea (IRR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48-0.94, P = 0.021), and less visible blood or mucus in stools (28% versus 39%; P < 0.0001). The SWS was equally effective with or without cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (P = 0.73 for interaction), and together they reduced diarrhea episodes by 67% (IRR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.24-0.46, P < 0.0001), days with diarrhea by 54% (IRR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.32-0.66, P < 0.0001), and days of work or school lost due to diarrhea by 47% (IRR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.34-0.83 P < 0.0056). A home-based safe water system reduced diarrhea frequency and severity among persons with HIV living in Africa and large scale implementation should be considered. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entebbe, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Res Council Programme AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. AIDS Support Org, Entebbe, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lule, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entebbe, Uganda. EM nz14@cdcuganda.org RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 27 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 73 IS 5 BP 926 EP 933 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 985UR UT WOS:000233404700020 PM 16282305 ER PT J AU Baker, SE Olsson, AO Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Baker, SE Olsson, AO Needham, LL Barr, DB TI High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying sulfonylurea herbicides in human urine: reconsidering the validation process SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE validation; sulfonyl urea; mass spectrometry; urine ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MULTIRESIDUE DETERMINATION; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; SULFONAMIDE HERBICIDES; METSULFURON-METHYL; SOIL SAMPLES; WATER; IMIDAZOLINONE; CHLORSULFURON; QUANTITATION AB We have developed a method for measuring 17 sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides in human urine. Urine samples were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE), preconcentrated, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using turboionspray atmospheric pressure ionization. Carbon 13-labeled ethametsulfuron methyl was used as an internal standard. Chromatographic retention times were under 7 minutes. Total throughput was estimated as > 100 samples per day. Because only one labeled internal standard was available for the analysis, we were forced to reconsider and restructure the validation process to include stringent stability tests and analyses of urine matrices of differing compositions. We describe our restructured validation process and the critical evaluation it provides for the method developed. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.05 mu g/L to 0.10 mu g/L with an average LOD of 0.06 mu g/L. Average total relative standard deviations were 17%, 12% and 8% at 0.1 mu g/L, 3.0 mu g/L and 10 mu g/L, respectively. Average extraction efficiencies of the SPE cartridges were 87% and 86% at 2.5 mu g/L and 25 mu g/L, respectively. Chemical degradation in acetonitrile and urine was monitored over 250 days. Estimated days for 10% and 50% degradation in urine and acetonitrile ranged from 0.7 days to > 318 days. The influence of matrix effects on precision and accuracy was also explored. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Anders.O.Olsson@astrazeneca.com; dbarr@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 383 IS 6 BP 963 EP 976 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-0099-1 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 992HO UT WOS:000233875200010 PM 16273339 ER PT J AU van Zyl, C Abrahamian, FM AF van Zyl, C Abrahamian, FM TI Update on emerging infections: News from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van Zyl, C (reprint author), Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 14445 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 46 IS 5 BP 420 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.08.014 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 980AN UT WOS:000232986400008 PM 16271672 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, BH Shefer, A Barker, L Winston, CA Sionean, CK AF Bardenheier, BH Shefer, A Barker, L Winston, CA Sionean, CK TI Public health application comparing multilevel analysis with logistic regression: Immunization coverage among long-term care facility residents SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multilevel analysis; nursing homes; hierarchical regression; logistic regression ID LONGITUDINAL DATA; INFLUENZA AB PURPOSE: Public health studies often sample populations using nested sampling plans. When the variance of the residual errors is correlated between individual observations as a result of these nested structures, traditional logistic regression is inappropriate. We used nested nursing home patient data to show that one-level logistic regression and hierarchical multilevel regression can yield different results. METHODS: We performed logistic and multilevel regression to determine nursing home resident characteristics associated with receiving pneumococcal immunizations. Nursing home characteristics such as type of ownership, immunization program type, and certification were collected from a sample of 249 nursing homes in 14 selected states. Nursing home resident data including demographics, receipt of immunizations, cognitive patterns, and physical functioning were collected on 100 randomly selected residents from each facility. RESULTS: Factors associated with receipt of pneumococcal vaccination using logistic regression were similar to those found using multilevel regression model with some exceptions. Predictors using logistic regression that were not significant using multilevel regression included race, speech problems, infections, renal failure, legal responsibility for oneself, and affiliation with a chain. Unstable health conditions were significant only in the multilevel model. CONCLUSIONS: When correlation of resident outcomes within nursing home facilities was not considered, statistically significant associations were likely due to residual correlation effects. To control the probability of type I error, epidemiologists evaluating public health data on nested populations should use methods that account for correlation among observations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI USA. RP Bardenheier, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BFB7@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 15 IS 10 BP 749 EP 755 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.03.001 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 986GM UT WOS:000233438100005 PM 15922626 ER PT J AU Tugwell, BD Patel, PR Williams, IT Hedberg, K Chai, F Nainan, OV Thomas, AR Woll, JE Bell, BP Cieslak, PR AF Tugwell, BD Patel, PR Williams, IT Hedberg, K Chai, F Nainan, OV Thomas, AR Woll, JE Bell, BP Cieslak, PR TI Transmission of hepatitis C virus to several organ and tissue recipients from an antibody-negative donor SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-DONORS; TRANSPLANTATION; ALLOGRAFTS; INFECTION; DISEASE; HCV; PREVALENCE AB Background: Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission through tissue transplantation has been rarely reported, a donor with undetected viremia may infect several recipients. A patient developed acute hepatitis C shortly after tissue transplantation. Ninety-one tissues or organs had been recovered from the donor. Objective: To determine whether the donor was the source of infection and the extent of transmission to other organ and tissue recipients. Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study; serum testing for HCV infection. Setting: Recipients were located in 16 states and 2 other countries. Participants: Donor and graft recipients. Measurements: Hepatitis C virus infection was defined as the presence of anti-HCV or HCV RNA. The authors determined the genetic relatedness of viral isolates from the donor and recipients by genotype comparison and quasi-species analysis. Results: The donor was anti-HCV-negative but was HCV RNA-positive (genotype 1a). Forty persons received transplants during 22 months. Five persons were HCV-infected before transplantation or had a genotype other than la, and 5 persons had no post-transplantation serum specimens available. Of the remaining 30 recipients, HCV infection occurred in 8 recipients: 3 of 3 organ recipients, 1 of 2 saphenous vein recipients, 1 of 3 tendon recipients, and 3 of 3 tendon with bone recipients. These 8 recipients had viral isolates genetically related to those of the donor. No cases occurred in recipients of skin (n = 2), cornea (n = 1), or irradiated bone (n = 16). Limitations: Post-transplantation serum specimens were unavailable for 5 recipients. Conclusions: An anti-HCV-negative donor was the source of HCV infection for 8 recipients of organs or tissues. Although HCV transmission from anti-HCV-negative donors is probably uncommon, changes in donor screening to include routine testing for HCV RNA merit further consideration to improve the safety of transplantation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Community Blood Ctr, Community Tissue Serv, Dayton, OH USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dayton, OH USA. RP Tugwell, BD (reprint author), Queen Elizabeth II Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Gen Med, 1278 Tower Rd,406 Bethune Bldg, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada. EM barna.tugwell@cdha.nshealth.ca NR 28 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 143 IS 9 BP 648 EP 654 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 980PN UT WOS:000233030600004 PM 16263887 ER PT J AU Hill, VR Polaczyk, AL Hahn, D Narayanan, J Cromeans, TL Roberts, JM Amburgey, JE AF Hill, VR Polaczyk, AL Hahn, D Narayanan, J Cromeans, TL Roberts, JM Amburgey, JE TI Development of a rapid method for simultaneous recovery of diverse microbes in drinking water by ultrafiltration with sodium polyphosphate and surfactants SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS CONCENTRATION; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; FILTRATION; BACTERIA; CATIONS AB The ability to simultaneously concentrate diverse microbes is an important consideration for sample collection methods that are used for emergency response and environmental monitoring when drinking water may be contaminated with an array of unknown microbes. This study focused on developing a concentration method using ultrafilters and different combinations of a chemical dispersant (sodium polyphosphate [NaPP]) and surfactants. Tap water samples were seeded with bacteriophage MS2, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, 4.5-mu m microspheres, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Bacillus globigii endospores, and echovirus 1. Ten-liter tap water samples were concentrated to similar to 250 ml in 12 to 42 min, depending on the experimental condition. Initial experiments indicated that pretreating filters with fetal bovine serum or NaPP resulted in an increase in microbe recovery. The addition of NaPP to the tap water samples resulted in significantly higher microbe and microsphere recovery efficiencies. Backflushing of the ultrafilter was found to significantly improve recovery efficiencies. The effectiveness of backflushing was improved further with the addition of Tween 80 to the backflush solution. The ultrafiltration method developed in this study, incorporating the use of NaPP pretreatment and surfactant solution backflushing, was found to recover MS2, C. parvum, microspheres, and several bacterial species with mean recovery efficiencies of 70 to 93%. The mean recovery efficiency for echovirus 1 (49%) was the lowest of the microbes studied for this method. This research demonstrates that ultrafiltration can be effective for recovering diverse microbes simultaneously in tap water and that chemical dispersants and surfactants can be beneficial for improving microbial recovery using this technique. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control, APHL Emerging Infect Dis Lab, Fellowship Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hill, VR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vhill@cdc.gov RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 NR 21 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 BP 6878 EP 6884 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.11.6878-6884.2005 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 983IN UT WOS:000233225000053 PM 16269722 ER PT J AU Kugeler, KJ Gurfield, N Creek, JG Mahoney, KS Versage, JL Petersen, JM AF Kugeler, KJ Gurfield, N Creek, JG Mahoney, KS Versage, JL Petersen, JM TI Discrimination between Francisella tularensis and Francisella-like endosymbionts when screening ticks by PCR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PRIMERS AB The presence of Francisella-like endosymbionts in tick species known to transmit tularemia poses a potential diagnostic problem for laboratories that screen tick samples by PCR for Francisella tularensis. Tick samples initially considered positive for F. tularensis based on standard 16S rRNA gene PCR were found to be positive only for Francisella-like endosymbionts using a multitarget F. tularensis TaqMan assay (ISFtu2, tul4, and iglC) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Specificity of PCR-based diagnostics for F. tularensis should be carefully evaluated with appropriate specimen types prior to diagnostic use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. San Diego Cty Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, San Diego, CA USA. RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foothills Campus,POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM nzp0@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 BP 7594 EP 7597 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.11.7594-7597.2005 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 983IN UT WOS:000233225000142 PM 16269811 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Bartlett, J Seitz, R Whistler, T Herrera-Goepfert, R Mohar, A Sanchez, L Halperin, D Parsonnet, J AF Guarner, J Bartlett, J Seitz, R Whistler, T Herrera-Goepfert, R Mohar, A Sanchez, L Halperin, D Parsonnet, J TI Cell proliferation and inflammation on biopsy samples with multifocal atrophic gastritis before and 1 year after Helicobacter pylori eradication SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RISK POPULATION; INTESTINAL METAPLASIA; PRECANCEROUS PROCESS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; GENE-EXPRESSION; LESIONS; CANCER; P53; APOPTOSIS; MUCOSA AB Context.-Results of clinical trials that have assessed whether gastric cancer is preventable with Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy remain inconclusive. These trials have used atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia as histopathologic end points that reflect possible preneoplastic lesions. Trial results would be more compelling if cell proliferation and inflammatory markers improved simultaneously with histopathologic lesions. Objective.-To study the presence of cell proliferation markers and type of inflammatory cells in biopsy specimens with gastritis, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia before and 1 year after H pylori therapy and to determine if immunohistochemistry can be used to study these. Design.-We evaluated 12 subjects with gastritis and 16 with gastritis and multiple foci of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia by using immunohistochemical assays for tumor suppressor protein p53, proliferation marker Ki-67, cell cycle regulator cyclin 131, T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotide transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling) assay for apoptosis. The biopsy specimens were selected from a randomized clinical trial that studied improvement of histopathologic gastric lesions after H pylori eradication. Results.-Groups of surface epithelial cells that expressed p53 and Ki-67 were observed more often in subjects with atrophy and intestinal metaplasia compared with those with gastritis alone. T lymphocytes in the lamina propria were frequently observed 1 year after treatment in subjects with atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Conclusions.-Immunohistochemical assays for cell proliferation and inflammatory cell markers showed different distribution patterns in these gastric biopsy specimens. The presence of T lymphocytes and groups of cells that expressed proliferation markers in subjects with multiple foci of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia needs further study. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Inst Nacl Cancerol, Dept Patol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Cancerol, Direcc Invest, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. ECOSUR, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Stanford Univ, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G32, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jguarner@cdc.gov RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 129 IS 11 BP 1451 EP 1456 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 981MT UT WOS:000233093400015 PM 16253026 ER PT J AU Bair, RM Baillargeon, JG Kelly, PJ Lerand, SJ Williams, JF Lyerla, R Alter, MJ AF Bair, RM Baillargeon, JG Kelly, PJ Lerand, SJ Williams, JF Lyerla, R Alter, MJ TI Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among adolescents in detention SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; NON-B HEPATITIS; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-DONORS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; NON-A; POPULATION; DISEASE; TEXAS AB Objective: To assess the prevalence and correlates of hepatitis C virus infection in a sample of detained adolescents. Design/Setting/Participants: Cross-sectional prevalence study with 10- to 18-year-old adolescents who were consecutively admitted to a juvenile detention center in San Antonio, Tex. Main Outcome Measures: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated risk factors. Results: Of the 1002 participants, 75% were Hispanic and the mean age was 15 years. Twenty adolescents had laboratory data consistent with hepatitis C virus infection, giving an overall prevalence of 2.0% (95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.1). All adolescents infected with hepatitis C virus were Hispanic (13 boys and 7 girls). Although a high proportion of the participants reported having had intranasal drug use (55.6%), tattooing (50.5%), or body piercing (25.3%), the only factor significantly associated with hepatitis C virus infection was having a history of injection drug use. Injection drug use was reported by 5.3% of the participants but by 95% (19/20) of those infected with the hepatitis C virus. Conclusions: This study indicates that injection drug use was linked with the majority of hepatitis C virus infections in this population of detained adolescents, similar to findings in adults. These adolescents reported a high frequency of other behaviors that could potentially pose a risk for contracting bloodborne infections. Effective prevention and awareness programs in a detention setting need to be comprehensive and include screening, hepatitis A and B immunizations, and risk-reduction counseling. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Sect Adolescent Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family Nursing, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bair, RM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Sect Adolescent Med, Dept Pediat, 575 N West Dr,Room XE070, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rmbair@iupui.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU 614390] NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 159 IS 11 BP 1015 EP 1018 DI 10.1001/archpedi.159.11.1015 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 980XK UT WOS:000233051300004 PM 16275789 ER PT J AU Kile, JC Fleischauer, AT Beard, B Kuehnert, MJ Kanwal, RS Pontones, P Messersmith, HJ Teclaw, R Karem, KL Braden, ZH Damon, I Khan, AS Fischer, M AF Kile, JC Fleischauer, AT Beard, B Kuehnert, MJ Kanwal, RS Pontones, P Messersmith, HJ Teclaw, R Karem, KL Braden, ZH Damon, I Khan, AS Fischer, M TI Transmission of monkeypox among persons exposed to infected prairie dogs in Indiana in 2003 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective: To describe a cluster of human monkeypox cases associated with exposure to ill prairie dogs in a home child care. Design, Setting, Participants: We identified all persons exposed to 2 pet prairie dogs in County A, Indiana; performed active surveillance for symptomatic monkeypox infection; and evaluated the types of exposure that may have resulted in infection. For children who attended the child care where the animals were housed, we also measured the rate of seroconversion to monkeypox virus. Main Outcome Measures: Nine (13%) of 70 persons exposed to the prairie dogs reported signs and symptoms of monkeypox. Two (40%) of 5 symptomatic child care attendees reported direct contact with the prairie dogs. Two (13%) of 15 child care attendees evaluated tested positive for IgM antibodies against orthopoxvirus; both reported symptoms consistent with monkeypox. Results: The risk of symptomatic infection correlated with the time and intensity of animal exposure, which was 100% (4/4) among family members with extensive direct contact, 19% (5/26) among the veterinarian and nonfamily child care attendees with moderate exposure, and 0% (0/40) among school children with limited exposure (P<.01). Conclusions: Monkeypox virus was transmitted from ill prairie dogs in a child care and veterinary facilities. The risk of symptomatic infection correlated with the amount of exposure to the prairie dogs. Although most cases of human monkeypox were associated with direct animal contact, other routes of transmission cannot be excluded. C1 USDA, Tech Assistance & Correlat Div, Tech Serv Ctr,Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy Program & Employee Dev, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Informat & Policy Commiss, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Kile, JC (reprint author), USDA, Tech Assistance & Correlat Div, Tech Serv Ctr,Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy Program & Employee Dev, Suite 300,1299 Farnam St, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. EM james.kile@fsis.usda.gov NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 159 IS 11 BP 1022 EP 1025 DI 10.1001/archpedi.159.11.1022 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 980XK UT WOS:000233051300005 PM 16275790 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Reidy, JA Samandar, E Herbert, AR Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Silva, MJ Reidy, JA Samandar, E Herbert, AR Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Detection of phthalate metabolites in human saliva SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALE REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ASSESSING HUMAN EXPOSURE; NURSERY-SCHOOL CHILDREN; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; HUMAN URINE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION AB In assessment of exposure to environmental contaminants, the use of unconventional matrices is becoming an increasingly important area of research. Saliva is one of the most promising alternative matrices because its collection is easy, noninvasive, and inexpensive. In this study, we measured the salivary concentrations of 14 phthalate metabolites in 39 anonymous adult volunteers using isotope-dilution, automated solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Seven phthalate metabolites were detected at the concentrations ranging from below the limit of detection (< 1 ng/mL) to 10.6 ng/mL for phthalic acid, 3.1 ng/mL for monomethyl phthalate (MMP), 91.4 ng/mL for monoethyl phthalate (MEP), 65.8 ng/mL for mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), 17.9 ng/mL for mono-iso-butyl phthalate, 353.6 ng/mL for monobenzyl phthalate, and 6.8 ng/mL for mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP). The frequency of detection was highest for MBP (85%) and lowest for MMP (8%). The median salivary MBP level in this group of adults was higher than the median serum MBP level in another non-occupationally exposed human adult population in the United States, whereas, the median salivary levels of MEP and MEHP were lower than the corresponding median serum levels. The frequency of detection and the salivary levels of each phthalate monoester in this study population were lower than the frequency of detection and urinary level of the same monoester in the general US population. Although urine is preferred for exposure assessment to non-persistent chemicals such as phthalates, the similar levels in serum and saliva suggest that saliva could be used as a surrogate matrix for measuring the bioavailable dose of phthalates in biomonitoring studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zca2@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 79 IS 11 BP 647 EP 652 DI 10.1007/s00204-005-0674-4 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 983QY UT WOS:000233248400004 PM 15995852 ER PT J AU Anand, SS Mumtaz, MM Mehendale, HM AF Anand, SS Mumtaz, MM Mehendale, HM TI Dose-dependent liver regeneration in chloroform, trichloroethylene and allyl alcohol ternary mixture hepatotoxicity in rats SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatotoxicity; mixture toxicity; risk assessment; ternary mixture; tissue repair ID TISSUE-REPAIR RESPONSE; ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED LETHALITY; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; THIOACETAMIDE HEPATOTOXICITY; MODEL HEPATOTOXICANTS; MEDIATES PROGRESSION; HEPATIC TOXICITY; BINARY-MIXTURE; INJURY; METABOLISM AB The present study was designed to examine the hypothesis that liver tissue repair induced after exposure to chloroform (CF) + trichloroethylene (TCE) + allyl alcohol (AA) ternary mixture (TM) is dose-dependent similar to that elicited by exposure to these compounds individually. Male Sprague Dawley (S-D) rats (250-300 g) were administered with fivefold dose range of CF (74-370 mg/kg, ip), and TCE (250-1250 mg/kg, ip) in corn oil and sevenfold dose range of AA (5-35 mg/kg, ip) in distilled water. Liver injury was assessed by plasma alanine amino transferase (ALT) activity and liver tissue repair was measured by H-3-thymidine incorporation into hepatonuclear DNA. Blood and liver levels of parent compounds and two major metabolites of TCE [trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and trichloroethanol (TCOH)] were quantified by gas chromatography. Blood and liver CF and AA levels after TM were similar to CF alone or AA alone, respectively. However, the TCE levels in blood and liver were substantially decreased after TM in a dose-dependent fashion compared to TCE alone. Decreased plasma and liver TCE levels were consistent with decreased production of metabolites and elevated urinary excretion of TCE. The antagonistic interaction resulted in lower liver injury than the summation of injury caused by the individual components at all three-dose levels. On the other hand, tissue repair showed a dose-response leading to regression of injury. Although the liver injury was lower and progression was contained by timely tissue repair, 50% mortality occurred only with the high dose combination, which is several fold higher than environmental levels. The mortality could be due to the central nervous system toxicity. These findings suggest that exposure to TM results in lower initial liver injury owing to higher elimination of TCE, and the compensatory liver tissue repair stimulated in a dose-dependent manner mitigates progression of injury after exposure to TM. C1 Univ Louisiana, Coll Pharm, Dept Toxicol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mehendale, HM (reprint author), Univ Louisiana, Coll Pharm, Dept Toxicol, 700 Univ Ave, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. EM mehendale@ulm.edu NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 79 IS 11 BP 671 EP 682 DI 10.1007/s00204-005-0675-3 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 983QY UT WOS:000233248400007 PM 15940471 ER PT J AU Albalak, R Caldwell, K Jones, R Miller, G AF Albalak, R Caldwell, K Jones, R Miller, G TI Inorganic mercury determination in whole blood using on-line microwave digestion with flow injection mercury system (FIMS) SO ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article AB The ability to accurately determine inorganic mercury relative to total or organic mercury is essential for studies of human health effects and biomonitoring. This paper describes a flow injection mercury system (FIMS) with on-line microwave digestion for the determination of inorganic mercury in whole blood. Recovery of inorganic mercury in diluted bovine and human whole blood was compared with the results of on-line microwave digestion and without microwave digestion. The results suggest that on-line microwave digestion was necessary for the full recovery of inorganic mercury from human whole blood but was not necessary from bovine whole blood. The limit of detection, based on three standard deviations of a base blood material, was calculated to be 0.35 mu g/L (n=793). The relative standard deviation was 17% at 1 mu g/L of mercury in diluted whole blood (n=20) and 14% at 2 mu g/L (n=20). Throughput was approximately 17 samples per hour for two readings. Calibration was linear up to 150 mu g/L. C1 CDC, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Div Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Albalak, R (reprint author), CDC, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Div Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Rha5@cdc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; Jones, Robert/E-1170-2011 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERKIN-ELMER CORP PI SHELTON PA 710 BRIDGEPORT AVENUE, SHELTON, CT 06484 USA SN 0195-5373 J9 ATOM SPECTROSC JI Atom. Spectrosc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 234 EP 240 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 999KK UT WOS:000234388000006 ER PT J AU van Beeck, EF Branche, CM Szpilman, D Modell, JH Bierens, JJLM AF van Beeck, EF Branche, CM Szpilman, D Modell, JH Bierens, JJLM TI A new definition of drowning: towards documentation and prevention of a global public health problem SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE drowning/epidemiology; epidemiologic surveillance ID UTSTEIN STYLE AB Drowning is a major global public health problem. Effective prevention of drowning requires programmes and policies that address known risk factors throughout the world. Surveillance, however, has been hampered by the lack of a uniform and internationally accepted definition that permits all relevant cases to be counted. To develop a new definition, an international consensus procedure was conducted. Experts in clinical medicine, injury epidemiology, prevention and rescue from all over the world participated in a series of "electronic" discussions and face-to-face workshops. The suitability of previous definitions and the major requirements of a new definition were intensely debated. The consensus was that the new definition should include both cases of fatal and nonfatal drowning. After considerable dialogue and debate, the following definition was adopted: "Drowning is the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid." Drowning outcomes should be classified as: death, morbidity, and no morbidity. There was also consensus that the terms wet, dry, active, passive, silent, and secondary drowning should no longer be used. Thus a simple, comprehensive, and internationally accepted definition of drowning has been developed. Its use should support future activities in drowning surveillance worldwide, and lead to more reliable and comprehensive epidemiological information on this global, and frequently preventable, public health problem. C1 Erasmus Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Hosp Miguel Couto, Intens Care Unit, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Drowning Resuscitat Ctr, Fire Dept, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Med Ctr Free Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP van Beeck, EF (reprint author), Erasmus Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, POB 1738, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM e.vanbeeck@erasmusmc.nl NR 14 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 9 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 83 IS 11 BP 853 EP 856 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 982TS UT WOS:000233185100014 PM 16302042 ER PT J AU Ramsey, SD Burke, W Pinsky, L Clarke, L Newcomb, P Khoury, MJ AF Ramsey, SD Burke, W Pinsky, L Clarke, L Newcomb, P Khoury, MJ TI Family history assessment to detect increased risk for colorectal cancer: Conceptual considerations and a preliminary economic analysis. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID OCCULT BLOOD-TEST; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; SCREENING PRACTICES; COLON; POPULATION; STRATEGIES; GUIDELINES; RATIONALE AB Background: Although the rationale for earlier screening of persons with a family history of colorectal cancer is plausible, there is no direct evidence that earlier assessment is either effective or cost-effective. Objective: To estimate the clinical and economic effect of using family history assessment to identify persons for colorectal cancer screening before age 50. Methods: We developed a decision model to compare costs and outcomes for two scenarios: (a) standard population screening starting at age 50; (b) family history assessment at age 40, followed by screening colonoscopy at age 40 for those with a suggestive family history of colorectal cancer. The analysis was conducted using the health insurer perspective. Results: Using U.S. population estimates, 22 million would be eligible for family history assessment, and one million would be eligible for early colonoscopy; 2,834 invasive cancers would be detected, and 29,331 life years would be gained. The initial program cost would be $900 million. The discounted cost per life year gained of family history assessment versus no assessment equals $58,228. The results were most sensitive to the life expectancy benefit from earlier screening, the cost of colonoscopy, and the relative risk of colon cancer in those with a family history. Conclusions: The cost-effectiveness of family history assessment for colorectal cancer approaches that of other widely accepted technologies; yet, the results are sensitive to several assumptions where better data are needed. Because of the relatively high prevalence of family history in the population, careful analysis and empirical data are needed. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Cornerstone NW, Lynden, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ramsey, SD (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1100 Fairview Ave N M2-B230,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM sramsey@fhcrc.org FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA114794-01A1, R01 CA114794-02, U01 CA074794, R01 CA114794, R01 CA114794-03]; NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG 002941, P50 HG 3374-01, R01 HG002263, R01 HG 02263-01, P50 HG003374] NR 45 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2494 EP 2500 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0418 PN 1 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 985BM UT WOS:000233351100007 PM 16284369 ER PT J AU Werny, DM Saraiya, M Blackman, D AF Werny, DM Saraiya, M Blackman, D TI Prostate-specific antigen levels in diabetics and non-diabetics from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2002. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th Annual Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 11 SU S BP 2709S EP 2709S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 985BN UT WOS:000233351200117 ER PT J AU Saydah, SH Graubard, B Ballard-Barbash, R Berrigan, D AF Saydah, SH Graubard, B Ballard-Barbash, R Berrigan, D TI Insulin-like growth factors and subsequent risk of cancer mortality in the United States. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th Annual Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 11 SU S BP 2729S EP 2730S PN 2 PG 2 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 985BN UT WOS:000233351200201 ER PT J AU Bernacki, SH Beck, JC Stankovic, AK Laurina, LO Amos, J Snow-Bailey, K Farkas, DH Friez, MJ Hantash, FM Matteson, KJ Monaghan, MG Muralidharan, K Pratt, VM Prior, TW Richie, KL Levin, BC Rohlfs, EM Schaefer, FV Shrimpton, AE Spector, EB Stolle, CA Strom, CM Thibodeau, SN Cole, EC Goodman, BK Stenzel, TT AF Bernacki, SH Beck, JC Stankovic, AK Laurina, LO Amos, J Snow-Bailey, K Farkas, DH Friez, MJ Hantash, FM Matteson, KJ Monaghan, MG Muralidharan, K Pratt, VM Prior, TW Richie, KL Levin, BC Rohlfs, EM Schaefer, FV Shrimpton, AE Spector, EB Stolle, CA Strom, CM Thibodeau, SN Cole, EC Goodman, BK Stenzel, TT TI Genetically characterized positive control cell lines derived from residual clinical blood samples SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; CONNEXIN 26 GENE; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; CAG REPEAT; MUTATION; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; IMMORTALIZATION AB Background: Positive control materials for clinical diagnostic molecular genetic testing are in critically short supply. High-quality DNA that closely resembles DNA isolated from patient specimens can be obtained from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed peripheral blood lymphocyte cell lines. Here we report the development of a process to (a) recover residual blood samples with clinically important mutations detected during routine medical care, (b) select samples likely to provide viable lymphocytes for EBV transformation, (c) establish stable cell lines and confirm the reported mutation(s), and (d) validate the cell lines for. use as positive controls in clinical molecular genetic testing applications. Methods: A network of 32 genetic testing laboratories was established to obtain anonymous, residual clinical samples for transformation and to validate resulting cell lines for use as positive controls. Three panel meetings with experts in molecular genetic testing were held to evaluate results and formulate a process that could function in the context of current common practices in molecular diagnostic testing. Results: Thirteen laboratories submitted a total of 113 residual clinical blood samples with mutations for 14 genetic disorders. Forty-one EBV-transformed cell lines were established. Thirty-five individual point and deletion mutations were shown to be stable after 20 population doublings in culture. Thirty-three cell lines were characterized for specific mutations and validated for use as positive controls in clinical diagnostic applications. Conclusions: A process for producing and validating positive control cell lines from residual clinical blood samples has been developed. Sustainable implementation of the process could help alleviate the current shortage of positive control materials. (c) 2005 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC USA. Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Partnerships, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA USA. Specialty Labs Inc, Mol Genet Lab, Santa Monica, CA USA. Mayo Clin, Mol Genet Lab, Rochester, MN USA. Methodist Hosp, Houston, TX USA. Greenwood Genet Ctr, Greenwood, SC USA. Nichols Inst, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Med, Dept Med Genet, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Med, Dept Pathol, Knoxville, TN USA. Henry Ford Hosp, DNA Diagnost Lab, Detroit, MI USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Lab Corp Amer, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ohio State Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Columbus, OH USA. Natl Inst Standards & Technol, DNA Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Genzyme Genet, Westborough, MA USA. Ctr Genet Testing St Francis, Tulsa, OK USA. SUNY Upstate Med, Dept Pathol, Syracuse, NY USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Mol Genet Lab, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Stenzel, TT (reprint author), Abbott Mol, 1300 E Touhy Ave, Des Plaines, IL 60016 USA. EM timothy.stenzel@abbott.com NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 51 IS 11 BP 2013 EP 2024 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2005.048694 PG 12 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 977HJ UT WOS:000232793700004 PM 16166172 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK AF Fridkin, SK TI Candidemia is costly - Plain and simple SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NOSOCOMIAL CANDIDEMIA; ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIONS; HOSPITALS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, MS C-09,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skf0@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1240 EP 1241 DI 10.1086/496935 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 971BO UT WOS:000232356300009 PM 16206096 ER PT J AU Sobel, J Painter, J AF Sobel, J Painter, J TI Illnesses caused by marine toxins SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DOMOIC ACID; CIGUATERA; MUSSELS; POISON; INTOXICATION; MANNITOL; DISEASES; SEAFOOD AB Marine toxins are produced by algae or bacteria and are concentrated in contaminated seafood. Substantial increases in seafood consumption in recent years, together with globalization of the seafood trade, have increased potential exposure to these agents. Marine toxins produce neurological, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular syndromes, some of which result in high mortality and long-term morbidity. Routine clinical diagnostic tests are not available for these toxins; diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and a history of eating seafood in the preceding 24 h. There is no antidote for any of the marine toxins, and supportive care is the mainstay of treatment. In particular, paralytic shellfish poisoning and puffer fish poisoning can cause death within hours after consuming the toxins and may require immediate intensive care. Rapid notification of public health authorities is essential, because timely investigation may identify the source of contaminated seafood and prevent additional illnesses. Extensive environmental monitoring and sometimes seasonal quarantine of a harvest are employed to reduce the risk of exposure. C1 CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sobel, J (reprint author), CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, MS-A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jsobel@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1290 EP 1296 DI 10.1086/496926 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 971BO UT WOS:000232356300018 PM 16206104 ER PT J AU Paz-Bailey, G Rahman, M Chen, C Ballard, R Moffat, HJ Kenyon, T Kilmarx, PH Totten, PA Astete, S Boily, MC Ryan, C AF Paz-Bailey, G Rahman, M Chen, C Ballard, R Moffat, HJ Kenyon, T Kilmarx, PH Totten, PA Astete, S Boily, MC Ryan, C TI Changes in the etiology of sexually transmitted diseases in Botswana between 1993 and 2002: Implications for the clinical management of genital ulcer disease SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; ACID AMPLIFICATION TESTS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; RISK-FACTORS; TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS; REACTION ASSAY; HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI AB Background. In recent years, increasing evidence has accumulated that suggests the majority of cases of genital ulcer disease in sub-Saharan Africa are due to viral and not bacterial infections. Although many cross-sectional studies support such a trend, few serial cross-sectional data are available to show the evolution of genital ulcer disease over time. Methods. We surveyed the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among patients with STD symptoms and women recruited from family planning clinics in 3 cities in Botswana in 2002 and compared our findings with those from a survey of a similar population conducted in 1993. Results. The observed proportion of cases of genital ulcer disease due to chancroid decreased from 25% in 1993 to 1% in 2002, whereas the proportion of ulcers due to herpes simplex virus increased from 23% in 1993 to 58% in 2002. Although the proportion of ulcers due to syphilis was similar for both surveys, the rate of positive serologic test results for syphilis among patients with genital ulcer disease decreased from 52% in 1993 to 5% in 2002. During this period, decreases in the prevalence of gonorrhea, syphilis-reactive serologic findings, chlamydial infection, and trichomoniasis were also detected among patients with STDs and women from family planning clinics. These changes remained significant after estimates were adjusted for the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests. Conclusions. Our findings suggest a decrease in the prevalence of bacterial STDs and trichomoniasis, a reduction in the proportion of ulcers due to bacterial causes, and an increase in the proportion of ulcers due to herpes simplex virus during the period 1993-2002. These changes should be taken into consideration when defining new guidelines for the syndromic management of genital ulcer disease. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Minist Hlth, AIDS STD Unit, Gaborone, Botswana. Princess Marina Hosp, Gaborone, Botswana. BOTSUA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Infect Dis & Epidemiol, London, England. RP Paz-Bailey, G (reprint author), CDC, Global AIDS Program, Unit 3321,APO AA, Miami, FL 34024 USA. EM gpbz@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1304 EP 1312 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 971BO UT WOS:000232356300020 PM 16206106 ER PT J AU Weiner, M Benator, D Peloquin, CA Burman, W Vernon, A Engle, M Khan, A Zhao, Z AF Weiner, M Benator, D Peloquin, CA Burman, W Vernon, A Engle, M Khan, A Zhao, Z CA Tuberculosis Trials Consortium TI Evaluation of the drug interaction between rifabutin and efavirenz in patients with HIV infection and tuberculosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Conference on New Trends in Landscape Ecology CY OCT 24-26, 2002 CL Piestany, SLOVAKIA SP Int Assoc Landscape Ecol ID PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTIONS; RIFAMPICIN; ZIDOVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE; LAMIVUDINE; INDUCTION; THERAPY AB Background. Because of drug-drug interactions mediated by hepatic cytochrome P450, tuberculosis treatment guidelines recommend an increase in rifabutin from 300 mg to 450 or 600 mg when combined with efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy. To assess this recommendation, rifabutin and efavirenz pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated. Methods. Plasma concentrations of rifabutin were determined as a baseline control in 15 patients with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who were treated with rifabutin 300 mg and isoniazid 15 mg/kg ( up to 900 mg) twice weekly. Rifabutin, isoniazid, and efavirenz concentrations were determined after a median of 21 days (interquartile range, 20-34 days) of daily efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy with twice-weekly rifabutin 600 mg and isoniazid 15 mg/kg. Results. The mean rifabutin area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-24)) increased 20% from the baseline value (geometric mean, 5.0 vs. 4.2 mu g*h/mL; ratio of geometric means, 1.2 [90% confidence interval, 1.0-1.4]). Also, the mean efavirenz AUC(0-24) in the 15 patients taking concomitant rifabutin 600 mg twice-weekly was 10% higher than that in 35 historical subjects with HIV infection who were not taking rifabutin. Efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy was effective; HIV load decreased 2.6 log copies/mL, and the median CD4(+) T cell count increased from 141 to 240 cells/mm(3) after a median of 21 days of efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy. No statistically significant differences in isoniazid pharmacokinetic parameters were found. Conclusions. The rifabutin dose increase from 300 mg to 600 mg was adequate to compensate for the efavirenz drug interaction in most patients, and no drug interaction with isoniazid was detected. Efavirenz therapy administered at a standard 600-mg dose achieved adequate plasma concentrations in patients receiving intermittent rifabutin and isoniazid therapy, was generally well tolerated, and demonstrated potent antiretroviral activity. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20422 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Sch Pharm, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weiner, M (reprint author), VAMC, Div Infect Dis, Rm 111F,7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM weiner@uthscsa.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-01346] NR 26 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1343 EP 1349 DI 10.1086/496980 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 971BO UT WOS:000232356300028 PM 16206114 ER PT J AU Castrodale, L Fiore, A Schmidt, T AF Castrodale, L Fiore, A Schmidt, T TI Detection of immunoglobulin m antibody to hepatitis A virus in Alaska residents without other evidence of hepatitis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB During a 38-month period, 13 of 41 persons with test results positive for IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus did not meet the case definition for hepatitis A or have a clear indication for testing, which suggests that test results were falsely positive. No single testing platform or kit was used. Health care providers should restrict serologic testing for hepatitis A to patients with clinical or epidemiologic indications. C1 Alaska Sect Epidemiol, Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. Alaska Sect Labs, Div Publ Hlth, Fairbanks, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Castrodale, L (reprint author), Alaska Sect Epidemiol, Div Publ Hlth, 3601 C St,Ste 540,POB 240249, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. EM louisa_castrodale@health.state.ak.us NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 9 BP E86 EP E88 DI 10.1086/497073 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 971BO UT WOS:000232356300040 PM 16206092 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Ogden, CL Berenson, GS Horlick, M AF Freedman, DS Ogden, CL Berenson, GS Horlick, M TI Body mass index and body fatness in childhood SO CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE LA English DT Article DE body composition; dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; fat-free mass; obesity ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FAT-FREE MASS; FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL; 4-COMPARTMENT MODEL; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; WHITE-CHILDREN; OBESE CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT AB Purpose of review The prevalence of overweight, as assessed by a high body mass index (kg/m(2)), has greatly increased among children and adolescents over the last three decades. Because body mass index is a measure of excess weight rather than excess body fatness, it is important to understand the ability of a high level to identify children who truly have excess adiposity. This review covers the measurement and classification of overweight and obesity, the expression of body composition data, and the relation of body mass index to adiposity. Recent findings Although adiposity has typically been expressed as percentage body fat, the use of the fat mass index (fat mass divided by height(2)) and the fat-free mass index (fat-free mass divided by height(2)) may provide more information. For example, body mass index differences among relatively thin children have been found to largely reflect differences in fat-free mass index, whereas differences among relatively heavy children are primarily due to differences in fat mass index. In addition, the ability of overweight to identify obese children is greatly influenced by the cutpoints selected for body mass index and adiposity. The use of inappropriate cutpoints, rather than the limitations of body mass index, may account for the frequently reported finding that many obese children are not overweight. Summary The use of fat mass index and fat-free mass index in expressing body composition data allows one to easily assess the contribution of each to body mass index. If appropriate cutpoints are used, a high body mass index level is a moderately sensitive and a very specific indicator of excess adiposity among children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent K 26, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Tulane Univ, Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Columbia Univ, Childrens Hosp New York Presbyterian, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Dept Med, Obes Res Ctr,Body Composit Unit, New York, NY USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dfreedman@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1363-1950 J9 CURR OPIN CLIN NUTR JI Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care PD NOV PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 BP 618 EP 623 DI 10.1097/01.mco.0000171128.21655.93 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 987OK UT WOS:000233527000006 PM 16205462 ER PT J AU Kestens, L Vercauteren, G Gershy-Damet, GM Mboup, S Spira, T Bergeron, M Soucy, N Ding, T Pelletier, E Mandy, F AF Kestens, L Vercauteren, G Gershy-Damet, GM Mboup, S Spira, T Bergeron, M Soucy, N Ding, T Pelletier, E Mandy, F TI A WHO pilot study to provide external quality assessment support for manual CD4 T-cell counting SO CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Clinical-Cytometry-Society CY OCT 16-18, 2005 CL Savannah, GA SP Clin Cytometry Soc C1 Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Hop A Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl HIV Immunol Lab, Ottawa, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4949 J9 CYTOM PART B-CLIN CY JI Cytom. Part B-Clin. Cytom. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 68B IS 1 MA 23 BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology GA 980CU UT WOS:000232992300030 ER PT J AU Bertoni, AG Kirk, JK Case, LD Kay, C Goff, DC Narayan, KMV Bell, RA AF Bertoni, AG Kirk, JK Case, LD Kay, C Goff, DC Narayan, KMV Bell, RA TI The effects of race and region on cardiovascular morbidity among elderly Americans with diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FOLLOW-UP; MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; POPULATION; CARE; DISEASE; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; MELLITUS AB OBJECTIVE - There is conflicting evidence about whether nonwhite Americans with diabetes have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because geographic region is known to influence the risk of CVD in the U.S., we sought to determine the effects of race and region on cardiovascular morbidity among elderly Americans with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We performed a national, retrospective, cohort study using the Medicare claims of 126,153 white and 17,962 black patients with diabetes, aged >= 65 years in 1994, who were followed through 1999 for incident acute myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. The effect of race, sex, and region on the incidence of these diseases was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for baseline demographics and comorbidities. RESULTS - The incidence of any CVD ranged from 23.9/100 person-years among southern black men to 29.2/100 person-years among non-southern black women. The risk of CVD was lower among southern black men (hazard ratio 0.87 [95% CI 0.82 - 0.92]) and women (0.95 [0.91 - 0.99]) than their southern white counterparts. In the three other U.S. regions combined (northeast, midwest, and west), black men had a similar risk for CVD (1.01 [0.95 - 1.07]), and black women had a greater risk (1.10 [1.05 - 1.16]) than non-southern white men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS - Among elderly Americans with diabetes, the incidence of CVD is unlikely to differ a great deal between whites and blacks. Residence in the South seems to confer a modest benefit for elderly black people with diabetes. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bertoni, AG (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM abertoni@wfubmc.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 2005 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2620 EP 2625 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.11.2620 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 001PH UT WOS:000234548300003 PM 16249529 ER PT J AU Ford, ES AF Ford, ES TI Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation among adults in the U.S SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; PROVISIONAL REPORT; ABDOMINAL OBESITY; POPULATIONS; CONSULTATION; ASSOCIATION; DEFINITION; DIAGNOSIS; CHINESE AB OBJECTIVE - The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has proposed a new definition of the metabolic syndrome that emphasizes central adiposity as determined by ethnic group-specific thresholds of waist circumference. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of this syndrome using the IDF definition among U.S. adults and to compare it with the prevalence estimated using the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A total of 3,601 men and women aged >= 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 were included in the analyses. RESULTS - Based on the NCEP definition, the unadjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 34.5 +/- 0.9% (percent +/- SE) among all participants, 33.7 +/- 1.6% among men, and 35.4 +/- 1.2% among women. Based on the IDF definition, the unadjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 39.0 +/- 1.1% among all participants, 39.9 +/- 1.7% among men, and 38.1 +/- 1.2% among women. The IDF definition led to higher estimates of prevalence in all of the demographic groups, especially among Mexican-American men. The two definitions similarly classified similar to 93% of the participants as having or not having the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS - in the U.S., the use of the IDF definition of the metabolic syndrome leads to a higher prevalence estimate of the metabolic syndrome than the estimate based on the NCEP definition. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 579 Z9 620 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 2005 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2745 EP 2749 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.11.2745 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 001PH UT WOS:000234548300024 PM 16249550 ER PT J AU Mandalakas, AM Kippes, C Sedransk, J Kile, JR Garg, A McLeod, J Berry, RL Marfin, AA AF Mandalakas, AM Kippes, C Sedransk, J Kile, JR Garg, A McLeod, J Berry, RL Marfin, AA TI West Nile virus epidemic, Northeast Ohio, 2002 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS AB Serum samples and sociodemographic data were obtained from 1,209 Ohio residents. West Nile virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed. Children were 4.5 times more likely to become infected yet 110 times less likely to have neuroinvasive disease develpp. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Cuyahoga Cty Board Hlth, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Mandalakas, AM (reprint author), 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM anna.mandalakas@case.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [K23 HD040982, K23 HD 40982] NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2005 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1774 EP 1777 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981GT UT WOS:000233076300023 PM 16318737 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Tauxe, RV Angulo, TJ AF Gupta, A Tauxe, RV Angulo, TJ TI Fluoroquinolone use in food animals - Response SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID RESISTANCE C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gupta, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Jefferson 2-121B,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM agupta25@jhmi.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2005 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1791 EP 1792 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981GT UT WOS:000233076300031 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Ungchusak, K Sovann, L Uyeki, TM Dowell, SF Cox, NJ Aldis, W Chunsuttiwat, S AF Olsen, SJ Ungchusak, K Sovann, L Uyeki, TM Dowell, SF Cox, NJ Aldis, W Chunsuttiwat, S TI Family clustering of avian influenza A (H5N1) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Minist Hlth, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), CDC, Amer Embassy, APO AP, Box 68, APO, AP USA. EM SOlsen@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2005 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1799 EP 1801 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981GT UT WOS:000233076300037 PM 16422010 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Phoenix and fowl: Birds of a feather SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2005 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1810 EP 1811 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981GT UT WOS:000233076300043 ER PT J AU Cobb, KD Reeves, WK AF Cobb, KD Reeves, WK TI An annotated checklist of the blow flies (Diptera : Calliphoridae) of South Carolina, USA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE blow fly; Calliphoridae; South Carolina; forensics; carrion ID CARRION; KEY AB Calliphoridae are of medical, veterinary, and forensic importance. No statewide checklist of calliphorids exists for South Carolina. Collections of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from South Carolina were obtained from beef liver, carrion, feces, the Clemson University Arthropod Collection, and the Georgia Museum of Natural History. Additional records were obtained from published literature. We report collections from 41 of 46 counties in South Carolina. The collections revealed 20 species, representing 11 genera. We report new state records for Calliphora terraenovae Macquart from Charleston County, Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) from Pickens County, Bufolucilia silvarum Townsend from Dillon County, and Opsodexia bicolor (Coquillett) from Aiken County. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cobb, KD (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, 114 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mykristin19@yahoo.com; cui8@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 116 IS 5 BP 305 EP 308 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 015NI UT WOS:000235557700004 ER PT J AU Scinicariello, F Murray, HE Smith, L Wilbur, S Fowler, BA AF Scinicariello, F Murray, HE Smith, L Wilbur, S Fowler, BA TI Genetic factors that might lead to different responses in individuals exposed to perchlorate SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE genetic susceptibility; hypothyroidism; mutations; NIS; Pendred syndrome; pendrin; perchlorate; thyroid gland; TPO ID THYROID PEROXIDASE GENE; IODIDE ORGANIFICATION DEFECT; SODIUM/IODIDE SYMPORTER GENE; ENLARGED VESTIBULAR AQUEDUCT; 2 DIFFERENT MUTATIONS; PENDRED-SYNDROME; CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; TRANSPORT DEFECT; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; DRINKING-WATER AB Perchlorate has been detected in groundwater in many parts of the United States, and recent detection in vegetable and dairy food products indicates that contamination by perchlorate is more widespread than previously thought. Perchlorate is a competitive inhibitor of the sodium iodide symporter, the thyroid cell-surface protein responsible for transporting iodide from the plasma into the thyroid. An estimated 4.3% of the U.S. population is subclinically hypothyroid, and 6.9% of pregnant women may have low iodine intake. Congenital hypothyroidism affects 1 in 3,000 to 1 in 4,000 infants, and 15% of these cases have been attributed to genetic defects. Our objective in this review is to identify genetic biomarkers that would help define subpopulations sensitive to environmental Perchlorate exposure. We review the literature to identify genetic defects involved in the iodination process of the thyroid hormone synthesis, particularly defects in iodide transport from circulation into the thyroid cell, defects in iodide transport from the thyroid cell to the follicular lumen (Pendred syndrome), and defects of iodide organification. Furthermore, we summarize relevant studies of perchlorate in humans. Because of Perchlorate inhibition of iodide uptake, it is biologically plausible that chronic ingestion of perchlorate through contaminated sources may cause some degree of iodine discharge in populations that are genetically susceptible to defects in the iodination process of the thyroid hormone synthesis, thus deteriorating their conditions. We conclude that future studies linking human disease and environmental perchlorate exposure should consider the genetic makeup of the participants, actual Perchlorate exposure levels, and individual iodine intake/excretion levels. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Toxicol, Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Reg, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Scinicariello, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Toxicol, Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Reg, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fes6@cdc.gov NR 95 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 113 IS 11 BP 1479 EP 1484 DI 10.1289/ehp.8076 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 979BI UT WOS:000232916700026 PM 16263499 ER PT J AU Duty, SM Ackerman, RM Calafat, AM Hauser, R AF Duty, SM Ackerman, RM Calafat, AM Hauser, R TI Personal care product use predicts urinary concentrations of some phthalate monoesters SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE environment; personal care products; phthalates; urinary metabolites ID PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; HUMAN SKIN; IN-VIVO; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; DIETHYL PHTHALATE; METABOLITES; EXPOSURE; INVITRO; RATS; POPULATION AB Phthalates are multifunctional chemicals used in a variety of applications, including personal care products. The present study explored the relationship between patterns of personal care product use and urinary levels of several phthalate metabolites. Subjects include 406 men who participated in an ongoing semen quality study at the Massachusetts General Hospital Andrology Laboratory between January 2000 and February 2003. A nurse-administered questionnaire was used to determine use of personal care products, including cologne, aftershave, lotions, hair products, and deodorants. Phthalate monoester concentrations were measured in a single spot urine sample by isotope dilution-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Men who used cologne or aftershave within 48 hr before urine collection had higher median levels of monoethyl phthalate (MEP) (265 and 266 ng/mL, respectively) than those who did not use cologne or aftershave (108 and 133 ng/mL, respectively). For each additional type of product used, MEP increased 33% (95% confidence interval, 14-53%). The use of lotion was associated with lower urinary levels of monobutyl phthalate (MBP) (14.9 ng/mL), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) (6.1 ng/mL), and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) (4.4 ng/mL) compared with men who did not use lotion (MBP, 16.8 ng/mL; MBzP, 8.6 ng/mL; MEHP, 7.2 ng/mL). The identification of personal care products as contributors to phthalate body burden is an important step in exposure. C1 Harvard Univ, Occupat Hlth Program, Dept Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Simmons Coll, Sch Hlth Studies, Dept Nursing, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Androl Lab, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, In Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Occupat Hlth Program, Dept Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Bldg 1,Room 1405,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hohp.harvard.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09718, ES00002, P30 ES000002, R01 ES009718, T32 ES007069, T32 ES07069] NR 29 TC 119 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 34 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 113 IS 11 BP 1530 EP 1535 DI 10.1289/ehp.8083 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 979BI UT WOS:000232916700034 PM 16263507 ER PT J AU Hanson, K Mattsso, MO Hardell, L Bowman, JD Kundi, M AF Hanson, K Mattsso, MO Hardell, L Bowman, JD Kundi, M TI Occupational carcinogens: ELF MFs SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID MAGNETIC-FIELD EXPOSURE; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; DNA STRAND BREAKS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; INTERMITTENT EXPOSURE; CANCER MODEL; INDUCTION C1 Natl Inst Working Life, Umea, Sweden. Univ Orebro, S-70130 Orebro, Sweden. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria. RP Hanson, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Working Life, Umea, Sweden. EM jdb0@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 113 IS 11 BP A726 EP A727 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 979BI UT WOS:000232916700003 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Allen, R Olsson, AO Bravo, R Caltabiano, LM Montesano, A Nguyen, J Udunka, S Walden, D Walker, RD Weerasekera, G Whitehead, RD Schober, SE Needham, LL AF Barr, DB Allen, R Olsson, AO Bravo, R Caltabiano, LM Montesano, A Nguyen, J Udunka, S Walden, D Walker, RD Weerasekera, G Whitehead, RD Schober, SE Needham, LL TI Concentrations of selective metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in the United States population SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chlorpyrifos; urine; biological monitoring; reference range; organophosphorus pesticide ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; HUMAN URINE; GENERAL-POPULATION; METHYL PARATHION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; WASHINGTON-STATE; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS AB We report population-based concentrations (stratified by age, sex, and composite race/ethnicity variables) of selective metabolites of chlorpyrifos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; TCPY), chlorpyrifos methyl (TCPY), malathion (malathion dicarboxylic acid; MDA), diazinon (2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine; IMPY), methyl parathion (para-nitrophenol; PNP), and parathion (PNP). We measured the concentrations of TCPY, MDA, IMPY, and PNP in 1997 urine samples from participants, aged 6-59 years, of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. We detected TCPY in more than 96% of the samples tested. Other organophosphorus pesticide metabolites were detected less frequently: MDA, 52%; IMPY, 29%; and PNP, 22%. The geometric means for TCPY were 1.77 mu g/L and 1.58 mu g/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for TCPY were 9.9 mu g/L and 8.42 mu/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for MDA were 1.6 mu g/L and 1.8 mu g/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for IMPY and PNP were 3.7 mu g/L (3.4 mu g/g creatinine) and 5.mu g/L (4.2 mu g/g creatinine), respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that children aged 6-11 years had significantly higher concentrations of TCPY than adults and adolescents. Similarly, adolescents had significantly higher TCPY concentrations than adults. Although the concentrations between sexes and among composite racial/ethnic groups varied, no significant differences were observed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Arlington, VA USA. Elect Data Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Bel Air, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 69 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 99 IS 3 BP 314 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2005.03.012 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 993MA UT WOS:000233957000004 PM 16307973 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, D AF Van Sickle, D TI Perceptions of asthma among physicians: an exploratory study with the ISAAC video SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE asthma; classification; diagnosis; India; International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC); labelling ID RESPIRATORY HEALTH SURVEY; RECURRENT PNEUMONIA; BRONCHIAL HYPERREACTIVITY; CRITICAL-APPRAISAL; CHILDHOOD ISAAC; NEW-ZEALAND; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; SYMPTOMS; QUESTIONNAIRE AB The current study examined the perception and interpretation of asthma symptoms among practitioners using standardised audiovisual presentations of asthma. Two groups of practitioners (n=70) in Chennai, India, were shown the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) video questionnaire and asked to describe the symptoms and signs they observed and to identify possible diagnoses for each presentation. The number of practitioners who correctly described the principal symptom(s) of asthma depicted in the five video sequences ranged from 26.1% for scene 5 (wheezing and dyspnoea), to 94.2% for scene 4 (nocturnal cough). The number who identified asthma as a possible cause of the presentations ranged from 17.4% for scene 4, to 67.1% for scene 2 (wheeze after exercise). Practitioners with postgraduate medical education were significantly more likely to identify asthma as a possible cause of the presentations, as were practitioners with postgraduate training in respiratory diseases. In conclusion, the perceptions of asthma and asthma symptoms among many physicians in Chennai, India, do not match the presentations of asthma depicted in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) video. These differences may be limiting the diagnosis and apparent prevalence of asthma, and suggest the need for additional attention to asthma in the education and training of practitioners in India. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Van Sickle, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvansickle@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 26 IS 5 BP 829 EP 834 DI 10.1183/09031936.05.00027205 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 983IH UT WOS:000233224400013 PM 16264043 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Rasmussen, SA Reefhuis, J AF Schieve, LA Rasmussen, SA Reefhuis, J TI Risk of birth defects among children conceived with assisted reproductive technology: providing an epidemiologic context to the data SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; BORN; SINGLETONS AB Studies of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and birth defects must be scrutinized and appropriately interpreted in the context of their limitations. The recent findings reported by Klemetti et al. are compelling, given the study's main strengths, and add to the accumulating evidence suggestive of an association between ART and birth defects. (Fertil Steril (R) 2005;84:1320-4. (c) 2005 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mail Stop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LSchieve@cdc.gov RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1320 EP 1324 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.04.066 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 985GO UT WOS:000233365500006 PM 16275222 ER PT J AU Allen, AS Satten, GA AF Allen, AS Satten, GA TI Robust estimation and testing of haplotype effects in case-control studies SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY OCT 23-24, 2005 CL Park City, UT SP Int Genet Epidemiol Soc C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 MA 2 BP 234 EP 234 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 981AK UT WOS:000233059200009 ER PT J AU Epstein, MP Waldman, ID Satten, GA AF Epstein, MP Waldman, ID Satten, GA TI Improved association analyses of disease subtypes in case-parent triads SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY OCT 23-24, 2005 CL Park City, UT SP Int Genet Epidemiol Soc C1 Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 MA 43 BP 246 EP 246 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 981AK UT WOS:000233059200050 ER PT J AU Kwee, LC Satten, GA Manatunga, AK Duncan, R Epstein, MP AF Kwee, LC Satten, GA Manatunga, AK Duncan, R Epstein, MP TI Simple retrospective approaches for detecting interaction effects in case-control studies SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY OCT 23-24, 2005 CL Park City, UT SP Int Genet Epidemiol Soc C1 Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 259 EP 260 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 981AK UT WOS:000233059200095 ER PT J AU Satten, GA Allen, AS AF Satten, GA Allen, AS TI Association tests based on haplotype similarity in Case-Parent trio studies SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY OCT 23-24, 2005 CL Park City, UT SP Int Genet Epidemiol Soc C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Biostat, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 MA 140 BP 275 EP 276 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 981AK UT WOS:000233059200147 ER PT J AU Crider, KS Whitehead, N Buus, RM AF Crider, KS Whitehead, N Buus, RM TI Genetic variation associated with preterm birth: A huge review SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE preterm birth; genetic polymorphisms; TNF-alpha; IL6; IL4; IL1 beta; ILRA; toll-like receptor-4; MMP1; MMP9; beta(2)AR; VEGF ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; PREMATURE RUPTURE; BETA(2)-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; INCREASED RISK AB Preterm birth (PTB) is a major public health concern because of its high prevalence, associated mortality and morbidity, and expense from both short-term hospitalization and long-term disability. In 2002, 11.9% of U.S. births occurred before 37 weeks gestation. Epidemiologic studies have identified many demographic, behavioral, and medical characteristics associated with PTB risk. In addition, recent evidence indicates a role for genetic susceptibility. We reviewed 18 studies published before June 1, 2004, that examined associations between polymorphisms in the maternal or fetal genome and PTB risk. Studies of a polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor-a, a proinflammatory cytokine, showed the most consistent increase in the risk of PTB. Environmental factors such as infection, stress, and obesity, which activate inflammatory pathways, have been associated with PTB, suggesting that environmental and genetic risk factors might operate and interact through related pathways. This review highlights maternal and fetal genetic susceptibilities to PTB, the potential relationships with environmental risk factors, and the need for additional well-designed studies of this critical public health problem. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crider, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 120 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 7 IS 9 BP 593 EP 604 DI 10.1097/01.girn.0000187223.69947.db PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 987YZ UT WOS:000233555200001 PM 16301860 ER PT J AU Pierce, RH Henry, MS Blum, PC Hamel, SL Kirkpatrick, B Cheng, YS Zhou, Y Irvin, CM Naar, J Weidner, A Fleming, LE Backer, LC Baden, DG AF Pierce, RH Henry, MS Blum, PC Hamel, SL Kirkpatrick, B Cheng, YS Zhou, Y Irvin, CM Naar, J Weidner, A Fleming, LE Backer, LC Baden, DG TI Brevetoxin composition in water and marine aerosol along a Florida beach: Assessing potential human exposure to marine biotoxins SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE brevetoxin; aerosol; harmful algal toxins; Karenia brevis; NSP; neurotoxins ID RED TIDE; KARENIA-BREVIS; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE AB The toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, produces a suite of polyether neurotoxins (brevetoxins, PbTx) that cause massive fish kills and neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. A unique characteristic of K. brevis blooms is the associated airborne (aerosolized) toxin component causing respiratory irritation to humans and other mammals. This study was undertaken in collaboration with human respiratory effects studies to establish the type and amount of brevetoxins to which beach-goers were exposed during a coastal harmful algal bloom (HAB). Concentrations of K. brevis cells were monitored in water, and brevetoxin concentrations were monitored in water and air over 3-day periods during a non-exposure control study (no HAB) and an exposure study (HAB event) along the Gulf Coast of Sarasota, FL, USA. The aerosol particle size distribution was also determined to assess brevetoxin aerosol deposition in the human respiratory system. During the non-exposure study, very low to background K. brevis cell counts were observed on day I and at background level S (<1 x 10(3) cells/L) on days 2 and 3; brevetoxin concentrations were very low in water and non-detectable in air. In contrast, the exposure study samples exhibited moderate concentrations of K. brevis cells in surf water (1 x 10(5) to 1 x 10(6) cells/L) and brevetoxin concentrations (sum PbTx-1, -2, and -3) in water ranged from <1 to 14 mu g/L. In air, brevetoxin concentrations were highest on day 1, diminishing on day 2, and below detection levels on day 3, reflecting a change in wind direction from onshore to offshore during this period. Quantitation of individual brevetoxins showed that PbTx-2 was the most abundant in water, while PbTx-3 was the most abundant in air. The brevetoxin antagonist, brevenal, also was detected in water and aerosol samples during the exposure study. Particle size distribution analyses indicated that most of the aerosolized brevetoxin would be deposited in the nasal, oral, and pharyngeal regions, consistent with reported upper airway symptoms of stinging eyes and nose and dry, choking cough from throat irritation. About 2-3% would be deposited farther down in the tracheobronchial and alveolar regions, as evidenced by symptoms of wheezing, airflow reduction and chest tightness. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pierce, RH (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM rich@mote.org NR 23 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD NOV PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 965 EP 972 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2004.11.004 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 984SZ UT WOS:000233325900001 ER PT J AU Janssen, RS McKenna, MT AF Janssen, RS McKenna, MT TI CDC: HIV prevention efforts SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Letter ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Janssen, RS (reprint author), CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1683 EP 1683 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.24.6.1683 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 008IM UT WOS:000235033500038 PM 16284044 ER PT J AU Smith, JM Ansari, A Harper, FT AF Smith, JM Ansari, A Harper, FT TI Hospital management of mass radiological casualties: Reassessing exposures from contaminated victims of an exploded radiological dispersal device SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; terrorism; emergencies; radiological; emergency planning AB One of the key issues in the aftermath of an exploded radiological dispersal device from a terrorist event is that of the contaminated victim and the concern among healthcare providers for the harmful ex posures they may receive in treating patients, especially if the patient has not been thoroughly decontaminated. This is critically important in the event of mass casualties from a nuclear or radiological incident because of the essential rapidity of acute medical decisions and that those who have life- or limb-threatening injuries may have treatment unduly delayed by a decontamination process that may be unnecessary for protecting the health and safety of the patient or the healthcare provider. To estimate potential contamination of those exposed in a radiological dispersal device event, results were used from explosive aerosolization tests of surrogate radionuclides detonated with high explosives at the Sandia National Laboratories. Computer modeling was also used to assess radiation dose rates to surgical personnel treating patients with blast injuries who are contaminated with any of a variety of common radionuclides. It is demonstrated that exceptional but plausible cases may require special precautions by the healthcare provider, even while managing life-threatening injuries of a contaminated victim from a radiological dispersal device event. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, MS E-39,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jms5@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000175444.30788.75 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 973KI UT WOS:000232521000012 PM 16217195 ER PT J AU Gurbaxani, BM Mallick, P AF Gurbaxani, BM Mallick, P TI Finding protein domain boundaries: An automated, non-homology based method SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID DATABASE; CLASSIFICATION; FAMILIES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpes Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. RP Gurbaxani, BM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpes Virus Branch, MS A15,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM buw8@cdc.gov; parag@mbi.ucla.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1541-1672 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 20 IS 6 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1109/MIS.2005.106 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 988CB UT WOS:000233567900010 ER PT J AU Smith, AK Meyers, DA AF Smith, AK Meyers, DA TI Family studies and positional cloning of genes for asthma and related phenotypes SO IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE SEARCH; SERUM IGE LEVELS; ETHNICALLY DIVERSE POPULATIONS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E LEVELS; BRONCHIAL HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; FOUNDER POPULATION; ATOPIC ASTHMA; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS AB Genetic studies have sought to identify the genes that contribute to the development or progression of asthma. This article outlines the theory behind using genome-wide screens and positional cloning. It also reviews the studies that have been performed and genes that have been identified using these techniques. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genom, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RP Meyers, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dmeyers@wfubmc.edu NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0889-8561 J9 IMMUNOL ALLERGY CLIN JI Immunol. Allerg. Clin. North Am. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 641 EP + DI 10.1016/j.iac.2005.09.003 PG 15 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 001UH UT WOS:000234567700003 PM 16257630 ER PT J AU Roudsari, BS Ebel, BE Corso, PS Molinari, NAM Koepsell, TD AF Roudsari, BS Ebel, BE Corso, PS Molinari, NAM Koepsell, TD TI The acute medical care costs of fall-related injuries among the US older adults SO INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED LA English DT Article DE falls; older adults; acute care; cost ID ELDERLY PERSONS; PROGRAM; POPULATION; COMMUNITY AB Objectives: Falls in the older adults are a major public health concern. The growing population of adults 65 years or older, advances in medical care and changes in the costs of care motivated our study of the acute health care costs of fail-related injuries among the older adults in the United States of America. Design and settings: The MarketScan (R) Medicare Supplemental database 1998 was used to estimate reimbursed costs for hospital, emergency department (ED), and outpatient clinic treatments for unintentional falls among older adults. Results: A fall on the same level due to slipping, tripping, or stumbling was the most common mechanism of injury (28%). Mean hospitalisation cost was US$ 17,483 (S.D.: US$ 22,426) in 2004 US$. Femur fracture was the most expensive type of injury (US$ 18,638, S.D.: US$ 19,990). The mean reimbursement cost of an ED visit was US$ 236 and US$ 412 for an outpatient clinic visit. Conclusion: The magnitude of the economic and social costs of falls in older adults underscores the need for active research in the field of falls prevention. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Roudsari, BS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM roudsari@u.washington.edu; bebel@u.washington.edu RI Ebel, Beth/F-4544-2014; OI Ebel, Beth/0000-0001-9310-8325 NR 28 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-1383 J9 INJURY JI Injury-Int. J. Care Inj. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1316 EP 1322 DI 10.1016/j.injury.2005.05.024 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery GA 978VD UT WOS:000232900200009 PM 16214476 ER PT J AU Burr, R Effler, P Kanenaka, R Nakata, M Holland, B Angulo, FJ AF Burr, R Effler, P Kanenaka, R Nakata, M Holland, B Angulo, FJ TI Emergence of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis phage type 4 in Hawaii traced to locally-produced eggs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE egg farm; egg refrigeration; Hawaii; human SE illness; phage type 4; Salmonella Enteritidis; SE PT4 outbreak ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; UNITED-STATES; SHELL EGGS; OUTBREAKS; FEED; ENGLAND; GROWTH AB Objectives: In August 1998, the Hawaii Department of Health observed a nine-fold increase in human Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections. Isolates were phage type 4 (PT4). An investigation was initiated to determine the source of the outbreak. Methods: A matched case-control study enrolled 38 cases. Cases were Hawaii residents with diarrhea and a stool culture yielding SE. Results: Eating eggs was associated with SE illness; 28 cases (74%) ate eggs in the three days before illness compared to 34 (45%) of 76 controls (MOR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.4-7.4). Eighteen (47%) of 38 case patients ate eggs from Farm A compared to 11 (14%) of 76 controls (MOR = 12.0, 95% CI = 3.1-78.0); the eggs were not property handled or refrigerated. Cultures from Farm A yielded SE. Human illness subsided following selective flock depopulation. Conclusions: This outbreak highlights the importance of proper handling and refrigeration of eggs. The egg industry must implement quality assurance programs to prevent the spread of SE PT4 and human SE illness. (c) 2005 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, State Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Hawaii Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Honolulu, HI USA. Hawaii Dept Hlth, State Labs Div, Honolulu, HI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burr, R (reprint author), Univ Hlth Syst, MS 32-1,4502 Med Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM rkmaktub@yahoo.com NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 9 IS 6 BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2004.10.004 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 986AL UT WOS:000233420700010 PM 16223593 ER PT J AU Duffus, WA Mermin, J Bunnell, R Byers, RH Odongo, G Ekwaru, P Downing, R AF Duffus, WA Mermin, J Bunnell, R Byers, RH Odongo, G Ekwaru, P Downing, R TI Chronic herpes simplex virus type-2 infection and HIV viral load SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE herpes simplex virus type-2; human immunodeficiency virus; Uganda; HIV viral load; CD4+cell count ID ACYCLOVIR; SURVIVAL; DISEASE; HSV-2 AB By December 2003, the estimated adult HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in sub-Saharan Africa was 7.5-8.5%, and rates of herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) infection among adults aged > 30 years ranged from 60% to 82%. However, little is known about the natural history of HIV/HSV-2 co-infection in this population. We evaluated HIV viral load and CD4+ cell counts among persons with and without chronic HSV-2 co-infection in a cross-sectional study of HIV-infected persons not receiving antiretroviral therapy. HSV-2 and HIV co-infection was associated with a 0.3 log copies/mL higher HIV viral load compared with persons without HSV-2 infection (P=0.014). Chronic HSV-2 infection may have a negative effect on the clinical course of persons with HIV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB, Global AIDS Program, CDC Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Duffus, WA (reprint author), Div HIV STD, 1751 Calhoun St, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. EM duffuswa@dhec.sc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 20 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD NOV PY 2005 VL 16 IS 11 BP 733 EP 735 DI 10.1258/095646205774763298 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 985AY UT WOS:000233349700005 PM 16303067 ER PT J AU Lobato, MN Kimerling, ME Taylor, Z AF Lobato, MN Kimerling, ME Taylor, Z TI Time for tuberculosis contact tracing in correctional facilities? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Lobato, MN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. EM mnl0@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1179 EP 1179 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 986TN UT WOS:000233472700001 PM 16333921 ER PT J AU Bernert, JT Harmon, TL Sosnoff, CS McGuffey, JE AF Bernert, JT Harmon, TL Sosnoff, CS McGuffey, JE TI Use of cotinine immunoassay test strips for preclassifying urine samples from smokers and nonsmokers prior to analysis by LC-MS-MS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXPOSURE; SERUM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tobacco Exposure Biomakers Lab, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bernert, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tobacco Exposure Biomakers Lab, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jtb2@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 8 BP 814 EP 818 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 986KP UT WOS:000233448800009 PM 16374940 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Samandar, E Preau, JL Reidy, JA Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Silva, MJ Samandar, E Preau, JL Reidy, JA Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Automated solid-phase extraction and quantitative analysis of 14 phthalate metabolites in human serum using isotope dilution-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN URINE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; MALE-RAT; DEHP; POPULATION; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE; MALFORMATIONS; BIOMARKERS; PARAMETERS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F17,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zca2@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 13 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 8 BP 819 EP 824 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 986KP UT WOS:000233448800010 PM 16374941 ER PT J AU Wang, DL Lu, PJ AF Wang, DL Lu, PJ TI Modelling and forecasting mortality distributions in England and wales using the Lee-Carter model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Lee-Carter model; single value decomposition; binomial distribution; bootstrap; mortality forecasting ID POPULATION AB Lee and Carter proposed in 1992 a non-linear model m(xt) = exp(a(x) + b(x)k(t) + epsilon(xt)) for fitting and forecasting age-specific mortality rates at age x and time t. For the model parameter estimation, they employed the singular value decomposition method to find a least squares solution. However, the singular value decomposition algorithm does not provide the standard errors of estimated parameters, making it impossible to assess the accuracy of model parameters. This article describes the Lee - Carter model and the technical procedures to fit and extrapolate this model. To estimate the precision of the parameter estimates of the Lee - Carter model, we propose a binomial framework, whose parameter point estimates can be obtained by the maximum likelihood approach and interval estimates by a bootstrap approach. This model is used to fit mortality data in England and Wales from 1951 to 1990 and to forecast mortality change from 1991 to 2020. The Lee - Carter model fits these mortality data very well with R 2 being 0.9980. The estimated overall age pattern of mortality ax is very robust whereas there is considerable uncertainty in b(x) ( changes in the age pattern over time) and k(t) ( overall change in mortality). The fitted log age-specific mortality rates have been declining linearly from 1951 to 1990 at different paces and the projected rates will continue to decline in such a way in the 30 years prediction period. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Med Stat Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, DL (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Med Stat Unit, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM Duolao.Wang@lshtm.ac.uk NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 32 IS 9 BP 873 EP 885 DI 10.1080/02664760500163441 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 995AH UT WOS:000234071800001 ER PT J AU Pai, R Gertz, RE Whitney, CG Beall, B AF Pai, R Gertz, RE Whitney, CG Beall, B CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Clonal association between Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23A, circulating within the United States, and an internationally dispersed clone of serotype 23F SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; RESISTANCE; DISEASE; SAFETY; GENES AB Streptococcus pneamoniae is an important pathogen in the United States and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Since the introduction of the seven-valent conjugate vaccine, a significant decline in pneumococcal disease has been reported. However, surveillance for pneumococcal disease remains essential, as the extent of cross protection against vaccine-related serotypes is still unclear. Further, any increase in non-vaccine-related serotypes also needs monitoring. We report on a new clonal association between a vaccine-related serotype, serotype 23A, obtained as part of the Active Bacterial Core surveillance, with an established internationally dispersed Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network (PMEN) clone, clone Colombia(23F)-26. Sixty-two isolates of serotype 23A collected from sterile sites during a 2-year period (2002 and 2003) were characterized. Twenty-one (34%) isolates were penicillin nonsusceptible, although none were fully resistant. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that 24 (39%) of the serotype 23A isolates shared either genetic identity or high genetic relatedness with PMEN clone Colombia(23F)-26. Extensive variability was noted within the sequenced region of pbp2b in two penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates as well as in PMEN clone Colombia(23F)-26, suggesting that these isolates probably acquired penicillin resistance independently. The emergence of such new serotype and genotype associations highlights the dynamic nature of the pneumococcal population, necessitating continuous monitoring in the post-vaccine era. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop C02,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbeall@cdc.gov FU Wellcome Trust NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 5440 EP 5444 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.11.5440-5444.2005 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 984NS UT WOS:000233312200005 PM 16272467 ER PT J AU Qvarnstrom, Y James, C Xayavong, M Holloway, BP Visvesvara, GS Sriram, R da Silva, AJ AF Qvarnstrom, Y James, C Xayavong, M Holloway, BP Visvesvara, GS Sriram, R da Silva, AJ TI Comparison of real-time PCR protocols for differential laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA INFECTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIGEN-DETECTION; FECAL SAMPLES; LIVER-ABSCESS; DISPAR; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; MULTIPLEX AB Specific identification of Entamoeba spp. in clinical specimens is an important confirmatory diagnostic step in the management of patients who may be infected with Entamoeba histolytica, the species that causes clinical amebiasis. Distinct real-time PCR protocols have recently been published for identification of E. histolytica and differentiation from the morphologically identical nonpathogenic Entamoeba dispar. In this study, we compared three E. histolytica real-time PCR techniques published by December 2004. The limits of detection and efficiency of each real-time PCR assay were determined using DNA extracted from stool samples spiked with serially diluted cultured E. histolytica trophozoites. The ability of each assay to correctly distinguish E. histolytica from E. dispar was evaluated with DNA extracted from patients' stools and liver aspirates submitted for confirmatory diagnosis. Real-time PCR allowed quantitative analysis of the spiked stool samples, but major differences in detection limits and assay performance were observed among the evaluated tests. These results illustrate the usefulness of comparative evaluations of diagnostic assays. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Div Parasit Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Altanta VA Med Ctr, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. RP da Silva, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Mail Stop F36,4700 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM abs8@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 5491 EP 5497 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.11.5491-5497.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 984NS UT WOS:000233312200013 PM 16272475 ER PT J AU Rankin, SC Whichard, JM Joyce, K Stephens, L O'Shea, K Aceto, H Munro, DS Benson, CE AF Rankin, SC Whichard, JM Joyce, K Stephens, L O'Shea, K Aceto, H Munro, DS Benson, CE TI Detection of a bla(SHV) extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Salmonella enterica serovar Newport MDR-AmpC SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; IMIPENEM RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; EMERGENCE; ANIMALS; STRAINS; CMY-2 AB Salmonella enterica serovar Newport MDR-AmpC expressing TEM-1b and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-12 was isolated from affected animals during an outbreak of salmonellosis that led to a 3-month closure of one of the largest equine hospitals in the United States. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Salmonella Reference Ctr, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rankin, SC (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Salmonella Reference Ctr, New Bolton Ctr, 382 W St Rd,Kennett Sq, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. EM srankin@vet.upenn.edu NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 5792 EP 5793 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.11.5792-5793.2005 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 984NS UT WOS:000233312200060 PM 16272522 ER PT J AU Baquero, E Rubio, M Moura, INS Pieniazek, NJ Jordana, R AF Baquero, E Rubio, M Moura, INS Pieniazek, NJ Jordana, R TI Myosporidium merluccius n. g., n. sp infecting muscle of commercial hake (Merluccius sp.) from fisheries near Namibia SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA; commercial fish parasite; molecular taxonomy; Myosporidium merluccius n. sp n g; spore morphology ID MICROSPORIDIA; PHYLOGENY; FISH AB A new species of Microsporidia classified to a new genus was observed in the trunk muscle of commercial hake (Merluccius capensislparadoxus complex) from Namibian fisheries Macroscopic examination revealed thin and dark filaments inserted among muscle fibers Inside the filaments were many sporophorous vesicles with about 30-50 spores per vesicle. The shape of the spore was pyriform and the extruded polar filament was of moderate length (up to 4 29 mu m, n = 12) This new species of Microspondia is descnbed using macrophotography, microphotography, staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as molecular methods. Its 16S rRNA was found to be similar to that of Microsporidium prosopium Kent et al, 1999, while both sequences were quite different from 16S rRNA sequences known for other Microspondia. Nevertheless, this new species is separated morphologically from M prosoptum by the presence of 11-12 anisofilar coils and the formation of the xenoma at the site of infection. Type species. C1 Univ Navarra, Dept Zool & Ecol, Navarra 31080, Spain. Univ Navarra, Dept Microbiol, Navarra 31080, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baquero, E (reprint author), Univ Navarra, Dept Zool & Ecol, POB 177, Navarra 31080, Spain. EM ebaquero@unav.es RI Baquero, Enrique/G-2015-2010; OI Baquero, Enrique/0000-0002-2145-8606; Jordana, Rafael/0000-0001-9088-787X NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 476 EP 483 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00054.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 991PP UT WOS:000233826200002 PM 16313438 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, GS De Jonckheere, JF Marciano-Cabral, F Schuster, FL AF Visvesvara, GS De Jonckheere, JF Marciano-Cabral, F Schuster, FL TI Morphologic and molecular identification of Naegleria dunnebackei n. sp isolated from a water sample SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amoeboflagellate; free-living amoebae; internal transcribed spacers; virus-like particles; 5 8S rDNA ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; ACANTHAMOEBA; FOWLERI; AMEBAS AB Naegleria dunnebackei n sp., a new species of the free-living amoeboflagellate Naegleria, is described in this report The organism was isolated from a water sample taken from drinking troughs associated with cases of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in cattle at a ranch in southern California. The isolate grew at, but not above 37 degrees C, and did not kill young mice upon intranasal inoculation suggesting that it was not pathogenic The new species combines morphological features of non-pathogenic Naegleria gruberi and pathogenic Naegleria fowleri The trophic amoeba resembled other members of the genus, with a prominent vesicular nucleus and mitochondria with discoidal cristae, a Golgi apparatus was not observed by electron microscopy The cyst stage had pores in the wall typical of those seen in pathogenic N fowleri Upon suspension in distilled water, amoebae transformed into temporary, non-feeding flagellates, mostly with two anterior flagella but occasionally with four The rationale for its description as a new species was based upon sequencing of the 5 8S rDNA and internal transcribed spacers of the amoeba, which is similar to but not identical to that of Naegleria gallica, differing from that organism's DNA by six base pairs Virus-like elements were found in the cytoplasm of trophic amoebae, often in association with crystalloids, and may be the cause of lysis of amoebae in culture C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Sci Inst Publ Hlth, Protozool Lab, Brussels, Belgium. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Richmond, VA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F36,Chamblee Campus,Bldg 109,4770 Buford Highw, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gsv1@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 523 EP 531 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00061.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 991PP UT WOS:000233826200009 PM 16313445 ER PT J AU Curwin, BD Hein, MJ Sanderson, WT Barr, DB Heederik, D Reynolds, SJ Ward, EM Alavanja, MC AF Curwin, BD Hein, MJ Sanderson, WT Barr, DB Heederik, D Reynolds, SJ Ward, EM Alavanja, MC TI Urinary and hand wipe pesticide levels among farmers and nonfarmers in Iowa SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pesticides; exposure; biomonitoring; urine; hand wipe; herbicides; insecticides; farmer ID AGRICULTURAL HEALTH; ATRAZINE EXPOSURE; APPLICATORS; CANCER; INSECTICIDES; METABOLITES; BIOMARKERS; MALATHION AB In the spring and summer of 2001, as part of a larger study investigating farm family pesticide exposure and home contamination in Iowa, urine and hand wipe samples were collected from 24 male farmers and 23 male nonfarmer controls. On two occasions approximately 1 month apart, one hand wipe sample and an evening and morning urine sample were collected from each participant. The samples were analyzed for the parent compound or metabolites of six commonly used agricultural pesticides: alachlor, atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4- D) and chlorpyrifos. For atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor and 2,4- D, farmers who reported applying the pesticide had significantly higher urinary metabolite levels than nonfarmers, farmers who did not apply the pesticide, and farmers who had the pesticide commercially applied (P- value < 0.05). Generally, there were no differences in urinary pesticide metabolite levels between nonfarmers, farmers who did not apply the pesticide, and farmers who had the pesticide commercially applied. Among farmers who reported applying 2,4- D themselves, time since application, amount of pesticide applied, and the number of acres to which the pesticide was applied were marginally associated with 2,4- D urine levels. Among farmers who reported applying atrazine themselves, time since application and farm size were marginally associated with atrazine mercapturate urine levels. Farmers who reported using a closed cab to apply these pesticides had higher urinary pesticide metabolite levels, although the difference was not statistically significant. Farmers who reported using closed cabs tended to use more pesticides. The majority of the hand wipe samples were nondetectable. However, detection of atrazine in the hand wipes was significantly associated with urinary levels of atrazine above the median (P- value < 0.01). C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Iowa City, IA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Curwin, BD (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM bcurwin@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 500 EP 508 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500428 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 984ZB UT WOS:000233344800006 PM 15841098 ER PT J AU Valentin-Blasini, L Sadowski, MA Walden, D Caltabiano, L Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Valentin-Blasini, L Sadowski, MA Walden, D Caltabiano, L Needham, LL Barr, DB TI Urinary phytoestrogen concentrations in the U. S. population (1999-2000) SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoestrogens; isoflavones; lignans; daidzein; genistein; urine; general population ID TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY; PHYTO-ESTROGEN EXCRETION; DIETARY PHYTOESTROGENS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; LIGNAN EXCRETION; SOY ISOFLAVONES; BREAST-CANCER; FLAXSEED SUPPLEMENTATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB We report population- based urinary concentrations of phytoestrogens stratified by age, sex, and composite racial/ ethnic variables. We measured the isoflavones - genistein, daidzein, equol, and O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) - and the lignans - enterolactone and enterodiol - in approximately 2500 urine samples from individuals aged 6 years and older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 1999 and 2000. We detected all phytoestrogens in over 70% of the samples analyzed; enterolactone was detected in the highest concentrations, and daidzein was detected with the highest frequency. The geometric means for each phytoestrogen were as follows: genistein, 22.3 mu g/g; daidzein, 68.6 mu g/g; equol, 7.65 mu g/g; O-DMA, 3.95 mu g/g; enterolactone, 217 mu g/g; and enterodiol, 24.3 mu g/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for each phytoestrogen were as follows: genistein, 380 mu g/g; daidzein, 944 mu g/g; equol, 50.3 mu g/g; O- DMA, 217 mu g/g; enterolactone, 2240 mu g/g; and enterodiol, 240 mu g/g creatinine. Multivariate analyses showed statistically signi. cant differences among many of the demographic subgroups. Adolescents had higher concentrations of genistein and equol than adults. Non- Hispanic whites had higher concentrations of enterodiol and equol than Mexican Americans or non- Hispanic blacks. Non-Hispanic whites also had higher concentrations of enterolactone and O-DMA than Mexican Americans. Mexican Americans had higher concentrations of genistein than non- Hispanic blacks; however, the opposite was found for O-DMA. Determination of phytoestrogen exposure in the US population will help us to better understand phytoestrogen consumption in the US and will assist us in elucidating the potential role of phytoestrogens in protecting against cancer and heart disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Valentin-Blasini, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway MS F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LValentin@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 79 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 509 EP 523 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500429 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 984ZB UT WOS:000233344800007 PM 15928707 ER PT J AU Bond, B Fernandez, DR VanderJagt, DJ Williams, M Huang, YS Chuang, LT Millson, M Andrews, R Glew, RH AF Bond, B Fernandez, DR VanderJagt, DJ Williams, M Huang, YS Chuang, LT Millson, M Andrews, R Glew, RH TI Fatty acid, amino acid and trace mineral analysis of three complementary foods from Jos, Nigeria SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE amino acids; complementary food; essential fatty acids; infant nutrition; Nigeria; trace minerals ID WEANING FOOD; KWARA STATE; DERIVATIZATION; INFANT AB Complementary foods (CF), commonly known as weaning foods, are semi-solid or solid foods that are used to transition infants from breast milk to an adult diet. Their nutritional content is important to the growth and development of children, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria. In a previous study five CF produced in Jos, Nigeria were analyzed for their nutritional content. Based on those findings, three new CF were formulated in an effort to improve the nutritive value. The new formulations (second-generation CF) were analyzed for fatty acid (FA), amino acid, and mineral and trace element content. The results were compared to those of the most nutritious CF previously analyzed (designated Soy). The total FA content of all three second-generation CIF (3.89-20.8 mg/g) was lower than the first-generation Soy mixture (105mg/g). The content of linoleic and a-linolenic acids among the second-generation CF (1.64-10.1 and 0.084-0.63 mg/g, respectively) was also lower than the Soy CF (59.7 and 7.46 mg/g). The second-generation CF all had higher iron content than Soy (138-288 versus 98.1 mu g/g). The amounts of magnesium (1030-1733 versus 2255 mu g/g), phosphorus (2237-3830 versus 5685 mu g/g), and zinc (28.9-37.9 versus 54.8 mu g/g) in the second-generation CF were lower than in Soy. The second-generation CF also had lower protein content than Soy (66-197versus 355mg/g). Overall, the new second-generation CF had a lower nutritive content than the original Soy CF. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Jos, Teaching Hosp, Dept Paediat, Jos, Nigeria. Abbott Labs, Ross Prod Div, Lipid Res Lab, Columbus, OH USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Glew, RH (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rglew@satud.unm.edu NR 30 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 18 IS 7 BP 675 EP 690 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.06.006 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 938GF UT WOS:000229987200008 ER PT J AU Ostchega, Y Dillon, C Carroll, M Prineas, RJ McDowell, M AF Ostchega, Y Dillon, C Carroll, M Prineas, RJ McDowell, M TI US demographic trends in mid-arm circumference and recommended blood pressure cuffs: 1988-2002 SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE mid-arm circumference; NHANES; health survey; blood pressure determination ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; ADULTS; HYPERTENSION; PREVALENCE; WIDTH; SIZE; SPHYGMOMANOMETRY; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; OBESITY AB Mid-arm circumference (AC) measurement is a prerequisite for the selection of properly sized blood pressure (BP) cuffs and accurate BP readings. This study examined trends in the frequency distribution of mid-AC and corresponding recommended BP cuff sizes using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988-1994) and NHANES 1999-2002 data. Both surveys used a complex sample design to obtain nationally representative samples of the civilian non-institutionalized US population. The sample consisted of 7453 men and 8372 women from NHANES III and 4295 men and 4838 women from NHANES 1999-2002. Mean mid-AC (cm) and associated American Heart Association-defined cuff sizes were assessed. Variables were analysed by gender, age, race/ethnicity, and by hypertension or diabetic co-morbidity. Mid-AC increased significantly between surveys for all age groups; the greatest increase in mid-AC occurred in the 20-39 year age group. Data from NHANES 1992-2002 show that among nonHispanic white and nonHispanic black men aged 20-59 years, the mean mid-AC was 434 cm. Among NHB women aged 40 years and above, the mean mid-AC was greater than or equal to 34 cm. In all, 42% of all men and 26% of all women aged 40-59 years required large BP cuffs. In all, 39% of individuals classified as hypertensive and 47% of self-reported diabetics required a BP cuff greater than the standard adult size. In conclusion, mean mid-AC has increased across many demographic subgroups in the US with implications for the accuracy of BP measurement in clinical practice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Nutr Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Ostchega, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Nutr Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 4319, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM yxo1@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9240 J9 J HUM HYPERTENS JI J. Hum. Hypertens. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 19 IS 11 BP 885 EP 891 DI 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001905 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 986BJ UT WOS:000233423400006 PM 15988538 ER PT J AU Abner, SR Guenthner, PC Guarner, J Hancock, KA Cummins, JE Fink, A Gilmore, GT Staley, C Ward, A Ali, O Binderow, S Cohen, S Grohskopf, LA Paxton, L Hart, CE Dezzutti, CS AF Abner, SR Guenthner, PC Guarner, J Hancock, KA Cummins, JE Fink, A Gilmore, GT Staley, C Ward, A Ali, O Binderow, S Cohen, S Grohskopf, LA Paxton, L Hart, CE Dezzutti, CS TI A human colorectal explant culture to evaluate topical microbicides for the prevention of HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Microbicides 2004 Meeting CY MAR, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HETEROSEXUAL ANAL INTERCOURSE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; ORGAN-CULTURE; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; VAGINAL TRANSMISSION; RECTAL MICROBICIDE; NONOXYNOL-9 GEL; BARRIER METHODS; RISK BEHAVIORS AB A human colorectal explant culture was developed to assess the safety and efficacy of topical microbicides proposed for use in humans. Because any product marketed for vaginal application will likely be used for anal intercourse, it is important to evaluate these products in colorectal explant tissue. Microbicides tested included cellulose acetate 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate (CAP), PRO 2000, SPL7013, Vena Gel, and UC781, along with their accompanying placebos. Colorectal tissues were exposed to microbicides overnight and either fixed in formalin to evaluate toxicity by histological analysis or placed in 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5- diphenylformazan (MTT) to quantitatively determine tissue viability. Histological analysis showed minimal toxicity for CAP, UC781, and Vena Gel. Shedding of epithelium with intact lamina propria occurred for the PRO 2000 and SPL7013 products, and shedding of epithelium and necrosis of the lamina propria occurred in explants cultured with nonoxynol-9. The MTT assay confirmed these results for PRO 2000 (4% and 0.5%), SPL7013 ( and placebo), and nonoxynol-9 but also demonstrated reduced viability for CAP. However, viability of tissues treated with all products was not significantly different from that of the medium control. Efficacy of the microbicides was evaluated by measuring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of explants in the absence or presence of products. All microbicide formulations tested were highly effective in preventing HIV infection. However, explants treated with some of the placebo formulations also exhibited a lower level of infection. Most of the products developed for vaginal application showed minimal toxicity and were effective in reducing HIV-1 infection in colorectal tissues. These results suggest that this model is useful for evaluating the safety and efficacy of topical microbicides when used rectally. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Surg Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Surg Serv, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. RP Dezzutti, CS (reprint author), Magee Womens Res Inst, 204 Craft Ave,Room 542, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM rsicsd@mwri.magee.edu RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-40727] NR 63 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 9 BP 1545 EP 1556 DI 10.1086/462424 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 970TR UT WOS:000232333000007 PM 16206069 ER PT J AU Saltzman, LE Mahendra, RR Ikeda, RM Ingram, EM AF Saltzman, LE Mahendra, RR Ikeda, RM Ingram, EM TI Utility of hospital emergency department data for studying intimate partner violence SO JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Criminology CY NOV 14, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Criminol DE emergency department; hospital; injuries; intimate partner violence; surveillance; violence against women ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; INJURIES; RATES AB The authors examine 12 months of emergency department visit data (N = 2,521) from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program and explore its utility for measuring and studying intimate partner violence. Given the dearth of national data on intimate partner violence-related injury and its potential value for public health surveillance and prevention, the data set appears promising for estimating national rates of emergency department visits. Missing perpetrator-patient relationship data limit estimation of intimate partner-related hospital visits for injury and pain, which precludes national rate estimation at this time, but the data are still useful for describing documented intimate partner violence cases and may be helpful in designing prevention strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mahendra, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rmahendra@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-2445 J9 J MARRIAGE FAM JI J. Marriage Fam. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 67 IS 4 BP 960 EP 970 DI 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00187.x PG 11 WC Family Studies; Sociology SC Family Studies; Sociology GA 974RI UT WOS:000232608700014 ER PT J AU Ullmann, AJ Gabitzsch, ES Schulze, TL Zeidner, NS Piesman, J AF Ullmann, AJ Gabitzsch, ES Schulze, TL Zeidner, NS Piesman, J TI Three multiplex assays for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato in field-collected Ixodes nymphs in North America SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiplex real-time PCR; Ixodes; Borrelia ID REAL-TIME PCR; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; LYME-DISEASE; ENZOOTIC CYCLE; TICKS; INFECTION; AREA; TRANSMISSION; SPINIPALPIS; PREVALENCE AB Two hundred fifty New Jersey field-collected Ixodes scapularis Say ticks and 17 Colorado Ixodes spinipalpis Hadwen & Nuttall ticks were tested using three separate multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. One assay targets the rrs-rr1A IGS region of Borrelia spp. to detect Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) and Borrelia miyamotoi s.l. The second assay targets the ospA region of B. burgdorferi s.l. to detect B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), Borrelia bissettii, and Borrelia andersonii. The final assay targets the glpQ region of B. miyamotoi s.l. to differentiate B. miyantotoi LB-2001 and Borrelia lonestari. A testing scheme combining these tests yielded 18% of tested I. scapularis ticks surveyed from New Jersey positive for B. burgdorferi s.s., 3.2% L scapularis ticks positive for B. miyamotoi LB-2001, and 41.2% I. spinipalpis ticks positive for B. bissettii surveyed from Colorado. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Freehold Area Hlth Dept, Freehold, NJ 07728 USA. RP Ullmann, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1057 EP 1062 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[1057:TMAFDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 983DJ UT WOS:000233211000020 PM 16465748 ER PT J AU Moriarity, JR Loftis, AD Dasch, GA AF Moriarity, JR Loftis, AD Dasch, GA TI High-throughput molecular testing of ticks using a liquid-handling robot SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA extraction; polymerase chain reaction; robotic; automated; ticks ID EXTRACTION KITS; GENOMIC DNA; PCR; AMPLIFICATION; SAMPLES; ASSAY AB To meet the need for high-throughput sample testing, DNA extraction kits based on the 96-well plate format have been developed for use with blood and tissue samples. These methods have not been applied to DNA extractions from ticks. To meet this need, we developed a high-throughput method for DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of tick samples. A liquid-handling robot was used to extract DNA in a 96-well binding column plate with vacuum manifold. The quantity, purity, and quality of DNA recovered from Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821. nymphs with this method were reproducible and comparable with existing manual DNA extraction techniques. The DNA yield from pools of five nymphal ticks averaged 0.432 +/- 0.04 mu g (95% CI). The robot also prepared real-time PCR reactions in 96-well plates, directly from the extracted DNA. A modification of the existing P20 tool resulted in accurate pipetting of 1- to 2-mu l volumes with a reproducibility of +/- 0.038 mu l when dispensing 1.0 mu l. By using this process, 96 samples can be extracted and tested while reducing human labor to approximate to 30 min. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moriarity, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1063 EP 1067 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[1063:HMTOTU]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 983DJ UT WOS:000233211000021 PM 16465749 ER PT J AU Shustov, AV Kochneva, GV Sivolobova, GF Grazhdantseva, AA Gavrilova, IV Akinfeeva, LA Rakova, IG Aleshina, MV Bukin, VN Orlovsky, VG Bespalov, VS Robertson, BH Netesov, SV AF Shustov, AV Kochneva, GV Sivolobova, GF Grazhdantseva, AA Gavrilova, IV Akinfeeva, LA Rakova, IG Aleshina, MV Bukin, VN Orlovsky, VG Bespalov, VS Robertson, BH Netesov, SV TI Molecular epidemiology of the hepatitis C virus in Western Siberia SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE genotype; diversity; sequence; risk; factor; age ID INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; INTRAFAMILIAL TRANSMISSION; FAMILY-MEMBERS; GENOTYPES; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; CHINA; HCV; CHILDREN AB Western Siberia is the region with little information on the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, genotypic diversity of HCV isolates and risk factors. A molecular epidemiological survey was conducted to clarify these issues. Four groups of volunteers were included in a cross-sectional study (n=500 in each group): health care workers; daycare patients from a hospital for drug users, daycare patients from an AIDS prevention and control center; and persons admitted to a local general practice clinic for any reason (outpatients). The anti-HCV IgG prevalence was 4.6% in health care workers, 48.0% in a narcological center, 35.8% in AIDS center, and 5.6% in outpatients. HCV RNA was found in 79.3%-86.3% of seropositives. A total of 388 HCV isolates were genotyped by direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 5'-UTR and NS5B regions of HCV genome. The genotypes distribution was: lb-50.3%, 2a-4.4%, 2c0.3%, 3a-44.8%. One isolate (0.3%) could not be typed unambiguously. This genotypic diversity is intermediate between that of European Russia and China. Genotype 1 prevailed in an older age group (75% among 51-60 years old), and genotype 3 was most prevalent in young people (51.4% in 16-20 years old). A statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase in risk was found in intravenous drug users (odds ratio (OR) = 77.5), unemployed persons (OR=16.3), persons having > 4 sexual partners during lifetime (OR = 4.3) ' and male homosexuals (OR = 6.6). C1 State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol, Koltsov, Novosibirsk Reg, Russia. Gen Practice Clin, Koltsov, Novosibirsk Reg, Russia. Novosibirsk Reg Ctr Prevent & Control AIDS & Othe, Koltsov, Novosibirsk Reg, Russia. Municipal Narcol Ctr, Novosibirsk, Russia. Novosibirsk District Hosp 1, Koltsov, Novosibirsk Reg, Russia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shustov, AV (reprint author), 215 Mech St,L101, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. EM avshusto@utmb.edu RI Kochneva, Galina/B-7356-2012; Netesov, Sergey/A-3751-2013; Shustov, Alexander/K-1148-2013; OI Netesov, Sergey/0000-0002-7786-2464; Alexandr, Shustov/0000-0001-9880-9382 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 77 IS 3 BP 382 EP 389 DI 10.1002/jmv.20467 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 969TJ UT WOS:000232257400008 PM 16173011 ER PT J AU Kalman, L Chen, B Boone, J AF Kalman, L Chen, B Boone, J TI The genetic testing quality control materials program (GTQC) a sustainable community process to improve availability of appropriate, verified quality control (QC) materials for genetic testing. SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 11-13, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 NCHM, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 7 IS 5 BP 656 EP 656 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 978LA UT WOS:000232873500048 ER PT J AU Keppel, KG Pearcy, JN AF Keppel, KG Pearcy, JN TI Measuring relative disparities in terms of adverse events SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE disparities; Hispanic origin; race; statistics AB Objectives: To compare relative measures of disparity in rates of favorable events with those in rates of adverse events. Methods: Relative measures of disparity are applied to four health indicators to demonstrate how the size of a disparity between groups, and changes in disparity over time, depend on whether indicators are expressed in terms of favorable or adverse events. Results: The size of an absolute measure of disparity is the same whether favorable or adverse events are studied. The size of a relative measure of disparity depends on the rate for each group and the reference point from which the disparity is measured. The rates for each group and for the reference point depend on whether the indicator is expressed in terms of favorable or adverse events. Relative measures of disparity, and conclusions about changes in relative measures of disparity, depend on whether indicators are expressed in terms of favorable or adverse events. Conclusions: When relative measures of disparity are used to monitor changes in disparity over time or to compare disparities across different indicators, disparities should be measured in terms of adverse events. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Keppel, KG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 6314,3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kkeppel@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 479 EP 483 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 975DK UT WOS:000232641000002 PM 16224281 ER PT J AU Drewette-Card, RJ Landen, MG AF Drewette-Card, RJ Landen, MG TI The disparity change score: A new methodology to examine health disparities in New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE health status; health status indicators; mortality ID INEQUALITIES AB Objectives: One overarching goal of Healthy People 2010 is to eliminate health disparities. Reducing disparities improves the overall health status of a population but is a lengthy process. The disparity change score (DCS) is a method for tracking health disparities over time. Methods: Rates, rate ratios, and DCSs were calculated to track disparities during two time periods by sex, race/ethnicity, education, and income for key health indicators. Time periods were 10 years apart for all death indicators; length between time periods varied for other indicators depending on data collection systems. Results: Sexrace/ethnicity-, education-, and income-based disparities and disparity changes for New Mexico were identified. In general, males, American Indians, and those with the lowest income and education experienced the greatest health disparities. Five disparities that are worsening were identified for targeted interventions, mainly for males (firearm-related death and suicide) and American Indians (diabetes death and influenza/pneumonia death), but also for white non-Hispanics (drug-related death). Conclusions: Examining disparities at one point in time discounts disparity change over time. The DCS can help identify large disparities that are worsening and toward which resources for targeted interventions can be redirected. New Mexico should consider interventions for the five key disparities identified in this study. C1 Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cardiovasc Hlth Program, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Drewette-Card, RJ (reprint author), Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cardiovasc Hlth Program, Key Plaza,4th Floor,11 State House Stn, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. EM Rebecca.DrewetteCard@maine.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 484 EP 492 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 975DK UT WOS:000232641000003 PM 16224282 ER PT J AU Kolasa, MS Cherry, JE Chilkatowsky, AP Reyes, DP Lutz, JP AF Kolasa, MS Cherry, JE Chilkatowsky, AP Reyes, DP Lutz, JP TI Practice-based electronic billing systems and their impact on immunization registries SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE health services; immunization; registries; vaccination ID ACCURACY; COVERAGE; VACCINE; HEALTH AB Many providers rely on electronic billing systems to report information to immunization registries. If billing data fail to capture some administered immunizations, the registry will not reflect a child's true immunization status. Our objective was to assess differences between immunizations administered and immunizations reported to a registry from electronic billing systems. Philadelphia's Department of Public Health conducted chart audits in 45 providers serving 50 or more children aged 7-35 months and using electronic billing systems to report data to Philadelphia's immunization registry in 2001-2003. Chart records were compared to registry records to identh immunizations administered in these practices but not reported to the registry. The study practices administered 256,969 immunizations to 20,611 children. Of these 256,969 administered immunizations, 62,213 (24%) were not in the registry. The electronic billing systems submitted data for all administered immunizations for 69% of immunization visits, some but not all for 11% of visits, and none for 20% of visits. Immunizations administered but not billed cost these providers up to $980,477 in lost revenue from administrative fees alone. Improvement of billing data quality would result in more complete registries, higher reported immunization coverage rates, and recovered revenue for immunization providers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Kolasa, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkolasa@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 493 EP 499 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 975DK UT WOS:000232641000004 PM 16224283 ER PT J AU Tuli, K Sansom, S Purcell, DW Metsch, LR Latkin, CA Gourevitch, MN Gomez, CA AF Tuli, K Sansom, S Purcell, DW Metsch, LR Latkin, CA Gourevitch, MN Gomez, CA CA INSPIRE Team TI Economic evaluation of an HIV prevention Intervention for Seropositive injection drug users SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE behavioral intervention; cost-effectiveness; HIV prevention; injection drug use; mathematical modeling ID RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; INFECTION; MODEL; TRANSMISSION; PROGRAMS; PREVALENCE; HIV/AIDS; AIDS; SEX AB Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of Intervention for HIV-Seropositive injection drug users-Research and Evaluation (INSPIRE), designed to reduce risky sexual and needle-sharing behaviors in research sites in four US cities (2001-2003). Methods: We collected data on program and participant costs. We used a mathematical model to estimate the number of sex partners of injection drug users expected to become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (with and without intervention), cost of treatment for sex partners who became infected, and the effect of infection on partners' quality-adjusted life expectancy. We determined the minimum effect that INSPIRE must have on condom use among participants for the intervention to be cost-saving (intervention cost less than savings from averted HIV infections) or cost-effective (net cost per quality-adjusted life year saved less than $50,000). Results: The intervention cost was $870 per participant. It would be cost-saving if it led to 53 percent reduction in the proportion of participants who had any unprotected sex in 1 year and cost-effective with 17 percent reduction, If behavior change lasted 3 months, the cost-effectiveness threshold was 66 percent; if 3 years, the threshold was 6 percent. Conclusions: Although cost-saving thresholds may not be achievable by the intervention, we anticipate that cost-effectiveness thresholds will be attained. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miami, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Social & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NYU, Div Gen Internal Med, New York, NY 10012 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Tuli, K (reprint author), 310 Mockingbird Lane C, S Pasadena, CA 91030 USA. EM ktuli@hotmail.com OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 508 EP 515 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 975DK UT WOS:000232641000006 PM 16224285 ER PT J AU Washington, ML Mason, J Meltzer, MI AF Washington, ML Mason, J Meltzer, MI TI Maxi-vac: Planning mass smallpox vaccination clinics SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE bioterrorism; computer simulation; mass immunization; smallpox; software AB o help emergency response planners prepare for conducting mass smallpox vaccination clinics, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention researchers developed the Maxi-Vac software (available free from http://www.bt. cdc.gov/agent/smalIpox/vaccination/maxi-vac/index.asp); it assists in designing a mass vaccination clinic with up to 9 separate stations. Users select clinic characteristics that best represent their intended setup, and the software displays the optimal placement of staff to vaccinate the maximum number of people possible. For example, for a clinic that will have 3 physicians, 30 nurses, and 10 other staff members available per 12-hour shift, Maxi-Vac shows how these staff members can best be deployed, and it projects the maximum number of persons who can be vaccinated at 8,245 per 24-hour period. Users can alter the number of available staff, which will probably be the greatest limiting factor, to determine the impact on the number of persons vaccinated per 24-hour period. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Washington, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E52, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mtw4@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 542 EP 549 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 975DK UT WOS:000232641000011 PM 16224290 ER PT J AU Williams, W Lyalin, D Wingo, PA AF Williams, W Lyalin, D Wingo, PA TI Systems thinking: What business modeling can do for public health SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material DE cancer; immunizations; public health informatics; registries AB Today's public health programs are complex business systems with multiple levels of collaborating federal, state, and local entities. The use of proven systems engineering modeling techniques to analyze, align, and streamline public health operations is in the beginning stages. The authors review the initial business modeling efforts in immunization and cancer registries and present a case to broadly apply business modeling approaches to analyze and improve public health processes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Northrop Grumman, CDC Informat Technol Support Contract, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Williams, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wxw4@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 550 EP 553 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 975DK UT WOS:000232641000012 PM 16224291 ER PT J AU Wolfe, S Bhatt, A AF Wolfe, S Bhatt, A TI Evolving recommendations for vaccinating the immunocompromised patient SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; immunization; immunocompromised; recommendations AB This article describes smallpox vaccination in the immunocompromised, the use of live attenuated flu vaccine in the immunocompromised, and the appearance of a new adult vaccination scheduke. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bhatt, A (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ABhatt@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 566 EP 570 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 975DK UT WOS:000232641000015 PM 16224294 ER PT J AU Takahara, M Imafuku, S Matsuda, T Uenotsuchi, T Matsumoto, T Padhye, AA Furue, M AF Takahara, M Imafuku, S Matsuda, T Uenotsuchi, T Matsumoto, T Padhye, AA Furue, M TI Concurrent double infections of the skin: Phaeohyphomycosis and nocardiosis in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY CUTANEOUS NOCARDIOSIS; EXOPHIALA-SPINIFERA; INSECT BITE; BRASILIENSIS; ASTEROIDES AB We describe a case of concurrent double infection with phaeohyphomycosis and lymphocutaneous nocardiosis in an immunocompromised host. The episode occured almost simultaneously with an incident of insect bites. Exophiala spinifera was isolated from lesions on the left arm and Nocardia asteroides was antimicrobial treatment with oral itraconazole and minocycline. We believe that this case represents a novel episode of previously unreported concurrent infections with phaeohyphomycosis and lymphocutaneous nocardiosis in human beings. C1 Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Dermatol, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan. Hiroshima Red Cross Hosp, Fukuoka, Japan. Atom Bomb Survivors Hosp, Fukuoka, Japan. Toshiba Hosp, Tokyo, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Takahara, M (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Dermatol, Higashi Ku, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan. EM mtakahara@dermatol.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 SU S BP S277 EP S280 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.03.037 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 980JV UT WOS:000233015700014 PM 16227108 ER PT J AU Azziz-Baumgartner, E Wolkin, A Sanchez, C Bayleyegn, T Young, S Kieszak, S Oberst, K Batts, D Thomas, CC Rubin, C AF Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo Wolkin, Amy Sanchez, Carlos Bayleyegn, Tesfaye Young, Stacy Kieszak, Stephanie Oberst, Kathleen Batts, Dahna Thomas, Charles C. Rubin, Carol TI Impact of Hurricane Ivan on pharmacies in Baldwin County, Alabama SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; community and ambulatory pharmacy; disaster preparedness AB Objective: To evaluate the impact of Hurricane Ivan, which made landfall east of Mobile, Alabama, on September 16, 2004, on pharmacies in the affected areas. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Setting: Baldwin County, Alabama. Interventions: Pharmacy community rapid-needs-assessment survey. Participants: 41 hospital and community (chain and independent) pharmacies. Main Outcome Measures: Posthurricane pharmacy hours of operations, prescription volumes, infrastructure damage, and prehurricane disaster planning. Results: During the week of the hurricane, both chain and independent community pharmacies within the evacuation zone worked significantly fewer hours (46% and 49%, respectively) and dispensed significantly fewer prescriptions (37% and 52%) compared with the same week of the prior year. Overall, 40% of pharmacies depleted their supplies of certain medications (e. g., anxiolytics, antihypertensives). A total of 60% of the chain and independent pharmacies outside the evacuation zone closed because of loss of electricity, but pharmacies with a generator were significantly less likely to report having turned away patients. The proportion of pharmacies that had a disaster plan but turned away patients or rationed or ran out of medications was similar to that of pharmacies without a disaster plan. Conclusion: Although Hurricane Ivan primarily affected the operation of pharmacies within the evacuation zone, pharmacies in the surrounding area were also affected because of loss of power. Emergency management officials should evaluate the efficacy of specific guidelines outlined in disaster plans and identify ways to deliver essential medications to people in disaster-affected areas. C1 [Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo; Wolkin, Amy; Sanchez, Carlos; Bayleyegn, Tesfaye; Young, Stacy; Kieszak, Stephanie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Oberst, Kathleen] Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, Dept Epidemiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Azziz-Baumgartner, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eha9@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1544-3191 J9 J AM PHARM ASSOC JI J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 670 EP 675 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA V47JO UT WOS:000203202000008 PM 16381412 ER PT J AU Daft, BM Visvesvara, GS Read, DH Kinde, H Uzal, FA Manzer, MD AF Daft, BM Visvesvara, GS Read, DH Kinde, H Uzal, FA Manzer, MD TI Seasonal meningoencephalitis in Holstein cattle caused by Naegleria fowleri SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE bovine; encephalitis; Naegleria fowleri; primary amoebic meningoencephalitis ID PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; ANIMALS; HUMANS; INFECTIONS; AGENT; SHEEP AB Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis is a fulminant infection of the human central nervous system caused by Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba that thrives in artificially or naturally heated water. The infection usually is acquired while bathing or swimming in such waters. The portal of entry is the olfactory neuroepithelium. This report describes fatal meningoencephalitis caused by N. fowleri in Holstein cattle that consumed untreated surface water in an area of California where summer temperatures at times exceed 42 degrees C. In the summers of 1998 and 1999, severe multifocal necrosuppurative hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis was observed in brain samples from nine 10-20-month-old heifers with clinical histories of acute central nervous system disease. Olfactory lobes and cerebella were most severely affected. Lesions were also evident in periventricular and submeningeal neuropil as well as olfactory nerves. Naegleria fowleri was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in brain and olfactory nerve lesions and was isolated from one brain. Even though cultures of drinking water did not yield N. fowleri, drinking water was the likely Source of the amoeba. The disease in cattle closely resembles primary amoebic meningoencephatitis in humans. Naegleria meningoencephalitis should be included among differential diagnoses of central nervous system disease in cattle during the summer season in areas with high ambient temperatures. C1 Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, San Bernardino Branch, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Davis Cent Reference Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Daft, BM (reprint author), Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, San Bernardino Branch, 105 W Cent Ave, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 BP 605 EP 609 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983IE UT WOS:000233224100017 PM 16475525 ER PT J AU Kunz, S Rojek, JM Kanagawa, M Spiroroulou, CF Barresi, R Campbell, KP Oldstone, MBA AF Kunz, S Rojek, JM Kanagawa, M Spiroroulou, CF Barresi, R Campbell, KP Oldstone, MBA TI Posttranslational modification of alpha-dystroglycan, the cellular receptor for arenaviruses, by the glycosyltransferase LARGE is critical for virus binding SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; DYSTROPHIN-GLYCOPROTEIN COMPLEX; LASSA FEVER VIRUS; AMINO-ACID CHANGE; HUMAN LARGE GENE; MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; VIRAL PERSISTENCE; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; DENDRITIC CELLS; INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AB The receptor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), the human pathogenic Lassa fever virus (LFV), and clade C New World arenaviruses is et-dystroglycan (alpha-DG), a cell surface receptor for proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Specific posttranslational modification of alpha-DG by the glycosyltransferase LARGE is critical for its function as an ECM receptor. In the present study, we show that LARGE-dependent modification is also crucial for alpha-DG's function as a cellular receptor for arenaviruses. Virus binding involves the mucin-type domain of alpha-DG and depends on modification by LARGE. A crucial role of the LARGE-dependent glycosylation of alpha-DG for virus binding is found for several isolates of LCMV, LFV, and the arenaviruses Mobala and Oliveros. Since the posttranslational modification by LARGE is crucial for alpha-DG recognition by both arenaviruses and the host-derived ligand laminin, it also influences competition between virus and laminin for a-DG. Hence, LARGE-dependent glycosylation of a-DG has important implications for the virus-host cell interaction and the pathogenesis of LFV in humans. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neuropharmacol, Div Virol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Infect, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branco, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kunz, S (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neuropharmacol, Div Virol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM stefanku@scripps.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 55540, AI 45927, R01 AI045927, R01 AI055540, R21 AI055540] NR 60 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 79 IS 22 BP 14282 EP 14296 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.22.14282-14296.2005 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 980ER UT WOS:000232997500045 PM 16254363 ER PT J AU Lesesne, CA Kennedy, C AF Lesesne, CA Kennedy, C TI Starting early: Promoting the mental health of women and girls throughout the life span SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATION; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; MATERNAL SMOKING; NATIONAL SAMPLE; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; PREGNANCY; ASSOCIATION; DISORDER; RISK AB The importance of mental health in the promotion of lifelong health among men and women alike cannot be overstated. However, mental health remains underaddressed within general public health and community health programs. In this report, we focus primarily on the mental health of women and discuss risk factors that can affect the well-being of women throughout the life span. The literature reviewed demonstrates a strong relationship between social and environmental risk factors, such as abuse and family dysfunction in childhood, to health risk behaviors and poor mental health in adulthood. We concluded that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor adult mental health could contribute to cycles of intergenerational transmission of risks leading to poor mental and physical health in children of ACE-exposed parents. Also, we argue that public health communities can make a difference in women's lifelong health by improving early recognition and treatment of mental health concerns, seeking opportunities to prevent exposures to known risk factors in childhood, and developing targeted parenting interventions. Promoting healthy psychological states and coping mechanisms before, during, and after exposure to adverse events throughout life is also critical. Perhaps such efforts will help to reduce or even break cycles of risk exposure specifically for women and their children. Finally, existing prevention activities and opportunities for promoting the mental health of girls and women are discussed. Ultimately, this report challenges the women's health and public health communities to take action because mental health can have a serious impact on lifelong well-being. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lesesne, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, MS E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 9 BP 754 EP 763 DI 10.1089/jwh.2005.14.754 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 998VL UT WOS:000234347900001 PM 16313205 ER PT J AU Dunn, DT Gibb, DM Duong, T Babiker, AG Aboulker, IP Bulterys, M Cortina-Borja, M Gabiano, C Galli, L Giaquinto, C Harris, DR Hughes, M McKinney, R Moye, J Newell, ML Pahwa, S Palumbo, P Rudin, C Sharland, M Shearer, W Thompson, B Tookey, P AF Dunn, DT Gibb, DM Duong, T Babiker, AG Aboulker, IP Bulterys, M Cortina-Borja, M Gabiano, C Galli, L Giaquinto, C Harris, DR Hughes, M McKinney, R Moye, J Newell, ML Pahwa, S Palumbo, P Rudin, C Sharland, M Shearer, W Thompson, B Tookey, P CA HIV Paediat Prognostic Markers Col TI Use of total lymphocyte count for informing when to start antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children: a meta-analysis of longitudinal data SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN; DISEASE PROGRESSION; AFRICAN CHILDREN; POOR SETTINGS; CD4; AGE; MORTALITY; ZIDOVUDINE; SUBSETS AB Background Total lymphocyte count has been proposed as an alternative to the percentage of CD4+ T-cells to indicate when antiretroviral therapy should be started in children with HIV in resource-poor settings. We aimed to assess thresholds of total lymphocyte count at which antiretroviral therapy should be considered, and compared monitoring of total lymphocyte count with monitoring of CD4-cell percentage. Methods Longitudinal data on 3917 children with HIV infection were pooled from observational and randomised studies in Europe and the USA. The 12-month risks of death and AIDS by most recent total lymphocyte count and age were estimated by parametric survival models, based on measurements before antiretroviral therapy or during zidovudine monotherapy. Risks were derived and compared at thresholds of total lymphocyte count and CD4-cell percentage for starting antiretroviral therapy recommended in WHO 2003 guidelines. Findings Total lymphocyte count was a powerful predictor of the risk of disease progression despite a weak correlation with CD4-cell percentage (r=0.08-0.19 dependent on age). For children older than 2 years, the 12-month risk of death and AIDS increased sharply at values less than 1500-2000 cells per mu L, with little trend at higher values. Younger children had higher risks and total lymphocyte count was less prognostic. Mortality risk was substantially higher at thresholds of total lymphocyte count recommended by WHO than at corresponding thresholds of CD4-cell percentage. When the markers were compared at the threshold values at which mortality risks were about equal, total lymphocyte count was as effective as CD4-cell percentage for identifying children before death, but resulted in an earlier start of antiretroviral therapy. Interpretation In this population, total lymphocyte count was a strong predictor of short-term disease progression, being only marginally less predictive than CD4-cell percentage. Confirmatory studies in resource-poor settings are needed to identify the most cost-effective markers to guide initiation of antiretroviral therapy. C1 MRC, Clin Trials Unit, London NW1 2DA, England. INSERM, SC10, F-75654 Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. Univ Turin, Dept Paediat, Turin, Italy. Univ Florence, Dept Paediat, Florence, Italy. Univ Padua, Dept Paediat, Padua, Italy. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NICHD, Intravenous Immunoglobulin Study Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. NICHD, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. NICHD, Women & Infants Transmiss Study, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. N Shore LIJ Res Inst, Manhasset, NY USA. UMDNJ Med Sch, Newark, NJ USA. Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, London SW17 0RE, England. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Clin Trials & Surveys Corp, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Dunn, DT (reprint author), MRC, Clin Trials Unit, 222 Euston Rd, London NW1 2DA, England. EM d.dunn@ctu.mrc.ac.uk RI Tookey, Pat /G-2732-2010; SHCS, int. coll. B/G-4090-2011; Cortina Borja, Mario/A-3847-2009; SHCS, all/G-4072-2011 OI Tookey, Pat /0000-0001-6258-0387; NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9500 BP 1868 EP 1874 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 988ZR UT WOS:000233643200025 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, EA Chen, H Miller, TR Corso, PS Stevens, JA AF Finkelstein, EA Chen, H Miller, TR Corso, PS Stevens, JA TI A comparison of the case-control and case-crossover designs for estimating medical costs of nonfatal fall-related injuries among older Americans SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE case-control; case-crossover; cost-of-illness; fall injury ID HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION AB Objectives: Although the case-crossover design has been used widely in epidemiological and cost-offset studies as an alternative to the case-control design, it is rarely applied to cost-of-illness studies. In this study, costs for a series of hospitalized and northospitalized fall-related injuries were computed using the 2 approaches to allow for a direct comparison of the results. Research Design: We used claims data from the Medicare fee-for-service 5% Standard Analytical Files. For the case-control design, those who sustained nonfatal fall-related injuries were tracked for I year after their first fall, and costs were compared, using regression analysis, to annual costs for a comparison sample of nonfallers. The case-crossover design used a modified regression approach that compared monthly costs of fallers before and after fall. Results: We present unit costs for falls requiring (1) a hospitalization resulting in a live discharge, (2) an emergency department visit not resulting in an admission, and (3) falls requiring office-based or hospital outpatient visits only. Using the case-control design, these costs were $22,260, $3890, and $5040 respectively. Using the case-crossover design, these estimates were reduced to $20,920, $3230, and $4200. Conclusions: On average, estimates of the costs of fall injuries from the case-control design were between 6% and 17% greater than those from the case-crossover approach. These differences likely result from our inability to control for comorbidity differences between fallers and nonfallers in the case-control design. Under several scenarios, including unobserved heterogeneity between cases and controls, the case-crossover design, although computationally more intensive, produces more accurate results. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Finkelstein, EA (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM finkelse@rti.org OI Miller, Ted/0000-0002-0958-2639 NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1087 EP 1091 DI 10.1097/01.mlr.0000182513.35595.60 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 983YO UT WOS:000233268500004 PM 16224301 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM Whitaker, JS AF Hamill, TM Whitaker, JS TI Accounting for the error due to unresolved scales in ensemble data assimilation: A comparison of different approaches SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; KALMAN FILTER; COVARIANCE PARAMETERS; ANALYSIS SCHEME; FORECAST BIAS; PREDICTABILITY; PREDICTION; SYSTEM; REPRESENTATION AB Insufficient model resolution is one source of model error in numerical weather predictions. Methods for parameterizing this error in ensemble data assimilations are explored here. Experiments were conducted with a two-layer primitive equation model, where the assumed true state was a T127 forecast simulation. Ensemble data assimilations were performed with the same model at T31 resolution, assimilating imperfect observations drawn from the T127 forecast. By design, the magnitude of errors due to model truncation was much larger than the error growth due to initial condition uncertainty, making this a stringent test of the ability of an ensemble-based data assimilation to deal with model error. Two general methods, "covariance inflation" and "additive error," were considered for parameterizing the model error at the resolved scales ( T31 and larger) due to interaction with the unresolved scales (T32 to T127). Covariance inflation expanded the background forecast members' deviations about the ensemble mean, while additive error added specially structured noise to each ensemble member forecast before the update step. The method of parameterizing this model error had a substantial effect on the accuracy of the ensemble data assimilation. Covariance inflation produced ensembles with analysis errors that were no lower than the analysis errors from three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) assimilation, and for the method to avoid filter divergence, the assimilations had to be periodically reseeded. Covariance inflation uniformly expanded the model spread; however, the actual growth of model errors depended on the dynamics, growing proportionally more in the midlatitudes. The inappropriately uniform inflation progressively degradated the capacity of the ensemble to span the actual forecast error. The most accurate model-error parameterization was an additive model-error parameterization, which reduced the error difference between 3D-Var and a near-perfect assimilation system by similar to 40%. In the lowest-error simulations, additive errors were parameterized using samples of model error from a time series of differences between T63 and T31 forecasts. Scaled samples of differences between model forecast states separated by 24 h were also tested as additive error parameterizations, as well as scaled samples of the T31 model state's anomaly from the T31 model climatology. The latter two methods produced analyses that were progressively less accurate. The decrease in accuracy was likely due to their inappropriately long spatial correlation length scales. C1 NOAA, CIRES, CDC, R CDC 1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, CDC, R CDC 1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 133 IS 11 BP 3132 EP 3147 DI 10.1175/MWR3020.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 986OQ UT WOS:000233460000005 ER PT J AU Mehrotra, C Serdula, M Naimi, TS Khan, LK Miller, J Dietz, W AF Mehrotra, C Serdula, M Naimi, TS Khan, LK Miller, J Dietz, W TI Population-based study of trends, costs, and complications of weight loss surgeries from 1990 to 2002 SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE morbid obesity; trends; weight loss surgery; complications ID GASTRIC BYPASS-SURGERY; HEALTH-CARE SERVICES; BARIATRIC SURGERY; MORBID-OBESITY; PREVALENCE; EXPERIENCE; MORTALITY; ADULTS AB Objective: To describe the trends, costs, and complications associated with weight loss surgery (WLS). Research Methods and Procedures: Wisconsin inpatient hospital discharge data from 1990 to 2003 were used for analysis. A WLS case was defined as anyone with a WLS-related procedure code and a primary diagnosis of morbid obesity. Charges were inflation-adjusted to 2001 constant dollars; complications were defined on the basis of readmission, extended length of stay, repeat surgical procedures, or death. Results: The number of WLSs increased from 269 in 1990 to 1992 to 1884 in 2000 to 2002 (rate ratio = 4.6). Increases in WLSs were greatest among those 50 to 59 years of age (rate ratio = 6.4), women (rate ratio = 6.8), and blacks (rate ratio = 20.0). Between the two periods, inflation-adjusted WLS charges increased 12-fold, and the inflation-adjusted charge per procedure doubled, despite a decreased length of stay. For 2000 to 2002, 23.3% of WLS patients had either an extended length of stay or readmission within 30 days, 7.4% required a repeat surgical procedure, and 0.7% died. Discussion: In Wisconsin, the rate and costs of WLSs have increased dramatically, and the incidence of postoperative complications was high. The epidemic of obesity in the United States makes it imperative to better assess the cost-effectiveness of WLS and to improve its safety. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Zuni, NM 87327 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Zuni, NM 87327 USA. RP Mehrotra, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, POB 465, Zuni, NM 87327 USA. EM bfz1@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 13 IS 11 BP 2029 EP 2034 DI 10.1038/oby.2005.249 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 993US UT WOS:000233981300022 PM 16339136 ER PT J AU Floyd, RL O'Connor, MJ Sokol, RJ Bertrand, J Cordero, JF AF Floyd, RL O'Connor, MJ Sokol, RJ Bertrand, J Cordero, JF TI Recognition and prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BRIEF INTERVENTION; TRIAL; WOMEN AB Alcohol use among women of childbearing age is prevalent in the United States, with approximately 1 in 5 nonpregnant women reporting binge drinking (5 or more drinks on any one occasion) and 1 in 25 pregnant women reporting binge drinking. Alcohol use during pregnancy results in a spectrum of adverse outcomes known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is one of these disorders. Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by specific facial abnormalities and significant impairments in neurodevelopment and physical growth. Early identification of children with FAS has been shown to enhance their longterm outcomes. In an effort to Improve clinical recognition of children with this condition, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was directed by Congress in 2002 to lead the development of uniform diagnostic criteria for FAS and other prenatal alcohol-related conditions. The purpose of this commentary is to provide clinicians a summary of the report released by CDC describing the current diagnostic criteria for FAS. In addition, advancements have been made in screening and brief interventions for alcohol use disorders in women who have the potential to make significant strides in the prevention of FAS spectrum disorders. Knowledge of the diagnostic criteria for FAS can lead to increased identification of the syndrome in infants and children and the provision of appropriate medical and support services. Screening for and intervening with women at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy can prevent FAS and other fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI USA. RP Floyd, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Execut Pk Dr,Bldg 12,Mail Stop E86, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM rlf3@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 106 IS 5 BP 1059 EP 1064 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000181822.91205.6f PN 1 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 980LA UT WOS:000233018800024 PM 16260526 ER PT J AU Hauser, R Calafat, AM AF Hauser, R Calafat, AM TI Phthalates and human health SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; MATERNAL OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; MALE REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; NURSERY-SCHOOL CHILDREN; RAT GRANULOSA-CELLS; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE AB The diesters of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (phthalic acid), commonly known as phthalates, are a group of man-made chemicals with a wide spectrum of industrial applications ( fig 1, table 1). High molecular weight phthalates (for example, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP], di-isononyl phthalate [DiNP], di-n-octyl phthalate [DnOP]), are primarily used as plasticizers in the manufacture of flexible vinyl which, in turn, is used in consumer products, flooring and wall coverings, food contact applications, and medical devices.(1-3) Manufacturers use low molecular weight phthalates (for example, diethyl phthalate [DEP] and dibutyl phthalate [DBP]) in personal-care products (for example, perfumes, lotions, cosmetics), as solvents and plasticizers for cellulose acetate, and in making lacquers, varnishes, and coatings, including those used to provide timed releases in some pharmaceuticals.(3-5) In this paper, we review the uses and metabolism of phthalates, and the studies on health effects of phthalates in human populations published between 1973 and June 2005. The references included in this review were searched using the Web of Science database which provides interactive citation and literature searching of the Institute for Scientific Information's Science Citation Index Expanded. The database contains data from more than 5000 scientific journals and covers the period from 1980 to present. We also searched the bibliography cited in the selected references for additional relevant citations. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Bldg 1,Room 1405,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hohp.harvard.edu NR 120 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 55 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 62 IS 11 DI 10.1136/oem.2004.017590 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 979HJ UT WOS:000232932700011 ER PT J AU Carmichael, SL Shaw, GM Laurent, C Lammer, EJ Olney, RS AF Carmichael, SL Shaw, GM Laurent, C Lammer, EJ Olney, RS CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Hypospadias and maternal exposures to cigarette smoke SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; PREGNANCY; RISK; CRYPTORCHIDISM; TRENDS; MALFORMATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREECLAMPSIA; URETHRA AB The few previous studies of hypospadias and smoking have suggested either no association or a reduced risk. This study, which uses data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multi-state, population-based case-control study, includes data on males born with severe hypospadias (i.e. the urethra opens at the penile shaft, scrotum or perineum) from 1997 to 2000. Non-malformed, liveborn male controls were selected randomly from birth certificates or from birth hospitals. Maternal interviews were completed by telephone with 453 case mothers and 1267 control mothers. Maternal smoking was not associated with hypospadias risk. For example, during the third month of pregnancy, smoking < 0.5 pack/day had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.1 [95% CI 0.6, 1.9]; 0.5 pack/day, 0.6 [0.4, 1.1]; and >= 1 pack/day, 0.8 [0.4, 1.6]. Exposure to any secondhand smoke at home during the third month of pregnancy showed an OR of 0.6 [95% CI 0.4, 1.0], and exposure at work or school, an OR of 0.7 [0.5, 1.1]. Similar risks were observed for other months during the periconceptional period, and adjustment for several potential confounders did not substantially alter results. This analysis does not confirm a recent report suggesting that maternal smoking is associated with a reduced risk of having offspring with hypospadias. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, March Dimes Birth Defect Fdn, Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Carmichael, SL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, March Dimes Birth Defect Fdn, Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, 1917 5th St, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. EM sca@cbdmp.org RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 406 EP 412 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00680.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 980LT UT WOS:000233020700002 PM 16269066 ER PT J AU Kramer, MS Barros, FC Demissie, K Liu, SL Kiely, J Joseph, KS AF Kramer, MS Barros, FC Demissie, K Liu, SL Kiely, J Joseph, KS TI Does reducing infant mortality depend on preventing low birthweight? An analysis of temporal trends in the Americas SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRETERM BIRTH; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; GESTATIONAL-AGE; LIVE BIRTHS; CANADA; COUNTRIES; COHORTS; STATES; RATES AB Low birthweight (LBW) is highly associated with death during infancy, and countries with the highest LBW rates also have the highest infant mortality rates. We compared temporal trends in LBW with both overall and birthweight-specific infant mortality in United States, Canada, Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay over two time periods, using cohort and cross-sectional analysis of national population-based vital statistics for 1985-89 and 1995-98. Infant mortality diminished substantially (RR = 0.60-0.80 for the later vs. earlier periods) and to a similar degree in all birthweight categories in all five study countries, despite an increase in LBW in the US and Uruguay, minimal changes in Canada and Argentina, and a decrease in Chile. The strength of the (positive) association between LBW and overall infant mortality diminished over the two time periods (from r(s) = +0.80 to +0.25 and RR per SD increase in LBW rate from 2.13 [2.09, 2.17] to 1.76 [1.74, 1.79]). The proportion of infant deaths occurring among LBW infants was negatively correlated with overall infant mortality in both time periods (r(s) = -0.30 and -0.60, RR = 0.68 [0.67, 0.68] and 0.47 [0.46, 0.47]). Developed and less developed countries in the Americas have succeeded in reducing infant mortality in all birthweight groups despite inconsistent changes in LBW rates, and none has achieved this success primarily by reducing LBW. Although our results are not necessarily generalisable to the least developed countries in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, it is likely that all countries can substantially reduce their infant mortality rates by improving the care of infants at normal and low birthweights. C1 McGill Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. McGill Univ, Fac Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. PAHO WHO Ctr Latinoamer Perinatol, Montevideo, Uruguay. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Hlth Human Dev, Hlth Surveillance & Epidemiol Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Fac Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Perinatal Epidemiol Res Unit, Halifax, NS, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Perinatal Epidemiol Res Unit, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Kramer, MS (reprint author), 2300 Tupper St, Montreal, PQ H3H 1P3, Canada. EM michael.kramer@mcgill.ca RI Barros, Fernando/D-4857-2013 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00681.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 980LT UT WOS:000233020700007 PM 16269072 ER PT J AU Lydon-Rochelle, MT Holt, VL Nelson, JC Cardenas, V Gardella, C Easterling, TR Callaghan, WM AF Lydon-Rochelle, MT Holt, VL Nelson, JC Cardenas, V Gardella, C Easterling, TR Callaghan, WM TI Accuracy of reporting maternal in-hospital diagnoses and intrapartum procedures in Washington State linked birth records SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREVIOUS CESAREAN DELIVERY; PLACENTAL ABRUPTION; ADMINISTRATIVE DATA; PERINATAL DEATH; CLINICAL-DATA; VALIDATION; OUTCOMES; LABOR; CERTIFICATES; QUALITY AB While the impact of maternal morbidities and intrapartum procedures is a common topic in perinatal outcomes research, the accuracy of the reporting of these variables in the large administrative databases (birth certificates, hospital discharges) often utilised for such research is largely unknown. We conducted this study to compare maternal diagnoses and procedures listed on birth certificates, hospital discharge data, and birth certificate and hospital discharge data combined, with those documented in a stratified random sample of hospital medical records of 4541 women delivering liveborn infants in Washington State in 2000. We found that birth certificate and hospital discharge data combined had substantially higher true positive fractions (TPF, proportion of women with a positive medical record assessment who were positive using the administrative databases) than did birth certificate data alone for labour induction (86% vs. 52%), cephalopelvic disproportion (83% vs. 35%), abruptio placentae (85% vs. 68%), and forceps-assisted delivery (89% vs. 55%). For procedures available only in hospital discharge data, TPFs were generally high: episiotomy (85%) and third and fourth degree vaginal lacerations (91%). Except for repeat caesarean section without labour (TPF, 81%), delivery procedures available only in birth certificate data had low TPFs, including augmentation (34%), repeat caesarean section with labour (61%), and vaginal birth after caesarean section (62%). Our data suggest that researchers conducting perinatal epidemiological studies should not rely solely on birth certificate data to detect maternal diagnoses and intrapartum procedures accurately. C1 Univ Washington, CNM, Sch Nursing, Dept Family Child Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Program Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lydon-Rochelle, MT (reprint author), Univ Washington, CNM, Sch Nursing, Dept Family Child Nursing, Mailstop 357262, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM minot@u.washington.edu NR 33 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 460 EP 471 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00682.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 980LT UT WOS:000233020700009 PM 16269074 ER PT J AU Bresee, JS Parashar, UD Widdowson, MA Gentsch, JR Steele, AD Glass, RI AF Bresee, JS Parashar, UD Widdowson, MA Gentsch, JR Steele, AD Glass, RI TI Update on rotavirus vaccines SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE rotavirus; rotavirus vaccine; epidemiology; review ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; TETRAVALENT RHESUS-HUMAN; UNITED-STATES; HEALTHY INFANTS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; EFFICACY; SAFETY; DIARRHEA; INFECTION AB Rotavirus was discovered in 1973, and 10 years later the first report of a rotavirus vaccine clinical trial appeared. This update reviews the epidemiology of rotavirus infections, assesses past and current vaccines and presents ideas for implementation of vaccination programs in developed and developing countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Bresee, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jbresee@cdc.gov OI Widdowson, Marc-Alain/0000-0002-0682-6933 NR 63 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 11 BP 947 EP 952 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000186295.18969.e6 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 985HP UT WOS:000233368500001 PM 16282927 ER PT J AU Francois, G Duclos, P Margolis, H Lavanchi, D Siegrist, CA Meheus, A Lambert, PH Emiroglu, N Badur, S Van Damme, P AF Francois, G Duclos, P Margolis, H Lavanchi, D Siegrist, CA Meheus, A Lambert, PH Emiroglu, N Badur, S Van Damme, P TI Vaccine safety controversies and the future of vaccination programs SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE vaccine safety; scares; vaccination programs; hepatitis B; communication strategies; international organizations; media ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; THIMEROSAL-CONTAINING VACCINES; RISK-BENEFIT PROFILE; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; ADVERSE EVENTS; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE; NO EVIDENCE AB In the years following the hepatitis B vaccination/multiple sclerosis controversy, a number of new issues regarding vaccine safety have been raised, in some cases leading to more debate and confusion. Against this background, an international group of experts was convened to review the current points of view concerning the use of thimerosal as a preservative and its potential risks; the suggested link between thimerosal-containing vaccines and acute lymphoblastic leukemia; the alleged association between aluminum-containing, vaccines/macrophagic myofasciitis and general systemic complaints; a possible link between vaccination and autoimmune pathology; and a hypothetical link between measles-mumps-rubella vaccination and autism. At present, there are no data to conclude that childhood vaccines, and in particular hepatitis B vaccine, pose a serious health risk or justify a change in current immunization practice. However, vaccine "scares" continue to have an international impact on immunization coverage. Creating a positive environment for immunization can be achieved by repositioning the value of vaccines and vaccination, supported by evidence-based information. The role of international organizations, the media, and the industry in the implementation of communication strategies was discussed and the impact of litigation issues on vaccination was evaluated. The Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board confirms its commitment to current recommendations for universal and risk group hepatitis B vaccination and further encourages the conduct of vaccine safety studies and the dissemination of their results. C1 Univ Antwerp, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Control Viral Hep, Viral Hepatitis Prevent Board, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. WHO, HTP, V&B, VAM,Immunizat Safety Prior Project, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Respose, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CMU, Ctr Vaccinol & Neonatal Immunol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Reg Off Europe, Communicable Dis Control Prevent & Eradicat, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Istanbul, Dept Microbiol, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Francois, G (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Control Viral Hep, Viral Hepatitis Prevent Board, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. EM guido.francois@ua.ac.be RI van damme, pierre/I-4846-2013 NR 117 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 34 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 11 BP 953 EP 961 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000183853.16113.a6 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 985HP UT WOS:000233368500002 PM 16282928 ER PT J AU Sharma, AJ Cogswell, ME Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Sharma, AJ Cogswell, ME Grummer-Strawn, LM TI The association between pregnancy weight gain and childhood overweight is modified by mother's pre-pregnancy BMI SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd International Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease CY NOV 16-19, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1038 EP 1038 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 977CC UT WOS:000232779000135 ER PT J AU Lumey, LH Stein, AD Zybert, PA Kahn, HS Blauw, GJ van der Pal-de Bruin, KM AF Lumey, LH Stein, AD Zybert, PA Kahn, HS Blauw, GJ van der Pal-de Bruin, KM TI Lipid profille in middle age after food restriction during gestation; The Dutch Famine of 1944-45 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd International Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease CY NOV 16-19, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Emory Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands. TNO Qual Life, Leiden, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1074 EP 1074 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 977CC UT WOS:000232779000269 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Graff, M Stein, AD Zybert, PA Lumey, LH AF Kahn, HS Graff, M Stein, AD Zybert, PA Lumey, LH TI Early gestational environment is associated with a fingerprint ridge-count gradient: The Dutch Famine study SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd International Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease CY NOV 16-19, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1083 EP 1083 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 977CC UT WOS:000232779000304 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Graff, M Stein, AD Lumey, LH AF Kahn, HS Graff, M Stein, AD Lumey, LH TI A fingerprint ridge-count gradient is associated with diabetes among middle-aged adults: The Dutch Famine study SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd International Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease CY NOV 16-19, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1088 EP 1088 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 977CC UT WOS:000232779000327 ER PT J AU Lumey, LH Stein, AD Kahn, HS Zybert, PA Blauw, GJ van der Pal, KM AF Lumey, LH Stein, AD Kahn, HS Zybert, PA Blauw, GJ van der Pal, KM TI Glucose tolerance in middle age after food restriction during gestation: The Dutch Famine of 1944-45 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd International Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease CY NOV 16-19, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands. TNO, Qual Life, Leiden, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1089 EP 1090 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 977CC UT WOS:000232779000332 ER PT J AU Rundle, A Wada, N Stein, AD Kahn, HS van de Pal-de Bruin, K Zybert, PA Lumey, LH AF Rundle, A Wada, N Stein, AD Kahn, HS van de Pal-de Bruin, K Zybert, PA Lumey, LH TI Acute food restriction during gestation and offspring caloric intake and physical activity in middle age: The Dutch Famine of 1944-45 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd International Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease CY NOV 16-19, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Emory Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. TNO, Qual Life, NL-2300 AP Leiden, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1126 EP 1127 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 977CC UT WOS:000232779000463 ER PT J AU Williams, DE Cadwell, BL Cheng, YLJ Cowie, CC Gregg, EW Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV Imperatore, G AF Williams, DE Cadwell, BL Cheng, YLJ Cowie, CC Gregg, EW Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV Imperatore, G TI Prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and its relationship with cardiovascular disease risk factors in US adolescents, 1999-2000 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children and adolescents; hyperglycemia; obesity; prevalence; survey ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIABETES-MELLITUS; EXPERT COMMITTEE; LIFE-STYLE; TOLERANCE; CHILDHOOD; GLYCEMIA; INTERVENTION; POPULATION AB Objective. Several studies have reported increases in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in youths. People with prediabetic states such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are at increased risk for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of IFG and its relationship with overweight and CVD risk factors in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents who were aged 12 to 19 years. Methods. We used data from the 1999 - 2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES). Adolescents who had fasted for 8 hours or more were included in the study (n = 915). IFG was defined as a fasting glucose of 100 to 125 mg/dL. Participants were classified as overweight when their age- and gender-specific BMI was >= 95th percentile and as at-risk for overweight when their BMI was >= 85th and < 95th percentile. Results. In 1999 - 2000, the prevalence of IFG in US adolescents was 7.0% and was higher in boys than in girls (10.0% vs 4.0%). Prevalence of IFG was higher in overweight adolescents (17.8%) but was similar in those with normal weight and those who were at risk for overweight (5.4% vs 2.8%). The prevalence of IFG was significantly different across racial/ethnic groups (13.0%, 4.2%, and 7% in Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic black individuals, and non-Hispanic white individuals, respectively). Adolescents with IFG had significantly higher mean hemoglobin A1c, fasting insulin, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than those with normal fasting glucose concentrations. Conclusions. These data, representing 27 million US adolescents, reveal a very high prevalence of IFG ( 1 in 10 boys and 1 in 25 girls) among adolescents; the condition affects 1 in every 6 overweight adolescents. Adolescents with IFG have features of insulin resistance and worsened CVD risk factors. Evidence for prevention is still forthcoming in this age group. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Williams, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS-K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dewilliams@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 34 TC 99 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2005 VL 116 IS 5 BP 1122 EP 1126 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2001 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 979WX UT WOS:000232976800010 PM 16263998 ER PT J AU Lee, G Lieu, T LeBaron, C Murphy, T Lett, S Schauer, S AF Lee, G Lieu, T LeBaron, C Murphy, T Lett, S Schauer, S TI Pertussis in adolescents and adults: Should we accept the results? In reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID VACCINE C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02108 USA. RP Lee, G (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2005 VL 116 IS 5 BP 1263 EP 1264 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-1949 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 979WX UT WOS:000232976800044 ER PT J AU Shults, RA Wiles, SD Vajani, M Helmkamp, JC AF Shults, RA Wiles, SD Vajani, M Helmkamp, JC TI All-terrain vehicle-related nonfatal injuries among young riders: United States, 2001-2003 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION AB Background. All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) have gained in popularity in recent years, and this rise in use has been accompanied by increases in the number of ATV-related injuries. Because children often lack the physical strength, cognitive abilities, and fine motor skills to operate ATVs properly, their risk for injury is greater. Furthermore, most children ride adult-sized ATVs. Objectives. To estimate the numbers and rates of ATV-related nonfatal injuries to riders aged <= 15 years who were treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs) in the United States from 2001 through 2003. Methods. Estimates of ATV-related injuries were obtained from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program. The database is a nationally representative, stratified probability sample of 66 US hospitals with >= 6 beds and a 24-hour ED. ATV-related nonfatal injuries to riders aged <= 15 years who were treated in hospital EDs were examined by age group, gender, primary body part injured, diagnosis, and hospital admission status. Results. From 2001 through 2003, an estimated 108 724 children aged <= 15 years were treated in hospital EDs for nonfatal injuries sustained while riding ATVs. The number of ATV-related injuries increased by 25% over the 3-year period. Males aged 11 to 15 years accounted for 52% of all ATV-related ED visits and hospitalizations among young riders. Children aged 0 to 5 years were more likely than the older children to have facial injuries, whereas the older children were more likely to sustain lower trunk and leg or foot injuries. Fractures were the most common diagnosis, accounting for 27% of ED visits and 45% of hospitalizations. Conclusions. Current legal and regulatory standards have been ineffective in reducing injuries among young ATV riders. Renewed efforts by health care providers to counsel parents about the injury risk to children who ride ATVs and advocate for more stringent state-level minimum age requirements may help reduce the escalating rates of ATV-related injuries among young riders. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Loma Linda Univ, Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. W Virginia Univ, Injury Control Res Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Shults, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rshults@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2005 VL 116 IS 5 BP E608 EP E612 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0937 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 979WX UT WOS:000232976800049 PM 16263975 ER PT J AU Baron, SL AF Baron, SL TI Injuries in child laborers in the informal sector in Mexico City, Mexico, 1997 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material AB In the mid-1990s, I was on a temporary assignment through the Pan American Health Organization to Mexico City. During my assignment, I oversaw a collaborative training program in occupational and environmental epidemiology between the Pan American Health Organization and the Mexican Secretary of Health. Through this training program, one student, Dr. Zoila Lopez Sibaja, developed a pilot project to better characterize work-related injuries to children employed in the informal sector. The growth of the informal employment sector throughout the developing world has the potential to place workers and especially child labor at particularly high risk for work-related injuries. According to the International Labour Organization, in Latin America during the 1990s, the urban informal sector was the primary generator of new jobs.' The informal sector is defined by the International Labour Organization as either self-employed workers and their unpaid family members, or workers (either paid or unpaid) in very small businesses (fewer than 5-10 workers), apprentices, contract labor, home workers, and paid domestic workers. The employment conditions of informal workers are based mostly on casual employment relations rather than contractual arrangements with formal labor protections, such as protection under child labor laws. A small but important part of the informal employment sector is street children.(1) Street children is a term used for child laborers who work and live in the street and may or may not maintain contact with their families. Although street children face many health risks ranging from violence to drug use, an important priority is protecting them from working conditions that may damage their health and well-being, especially work-related injuries.(2) In Mexico, the Federal Labor Law clearly prohibits child labor under age 14; from age 14-16, children may work if they remain in school. However, in 1994 the Mexican Statistics Institute (INEGI) reported that 34.3% of children younger than age 15 were working.(3) A joint survey by UNICEF and the government of Mexico City estimated that during the same time period there were over 11,000 street children in the central area of Mexico City, of whom about 1,000 both lived and worked in the streets.(4) To address the general public health problem of injuries, in 1994, Mexico established the System of Epidemiological Surveillance of Externally Causes Injuries (SVELECE), with the primary objective to count, analyze, and then prevent injuries. According to SVELECE, 13% of the injuries that occurred in 1996 happened in the 5-17-year-old group, and, of the injuries occurring in that age group, 5% happened in the workplace.(5) Since this data may undercount injuries in children employed in the informal sector, my student's pilot study was designed to estimate the proportion of childhood injuries resulting from work with a focus on informal sector workers. C1 NIOSH, Prior Populat & Hlth Dispar, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Baron, SL (reprint author), NIOSH, Prior Populat & Hlth Dispar, 4676 COlumbia Pkwy,MS R-13, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM sbaron@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 120 IS 6 BP 598 EP 600 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 979IC UT WOS:000232934600004 PM 16350328 ER PT J AU Murono, EP Derk, RC AF Murono, EP Derk, RC TI The reported active metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, inhibits testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from neonatal rats SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HPTE; neonatal Leydig cell; testosterone ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS ALPHA; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY; ANDROGEN RECEPTORS; TESTIS; BETA; DDT; LH; STEROIDOGENESIS; MITOCHONDRIAL; ANTIESTROGEN AB Methoxychlor (MC) is an insecticide that is presently used on agricultural crops, especially after the ban on the use of 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) in the United States. Following administration in vivo, MC is converted to 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE), which is thought to be the active agent. However, both MC and HPTE have been reported to have weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, and they are thought to exert their potential adverse (endocrine disruptive) effects through the estrogen and androgen receptors, respectively. In a recent study, HPTE was shown to inhibit both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone production by cultured Leydig cells from immature and adult rats, and these effects were reported to be mediated through the estrogen receptor. Because fetal Leydig cells represent a separate population from adult Leydig cells and many of the reported adverse actions of endocrine disruptors are thought to have their effects during gestational exposure, the present studies examined the effects of HPTE on testosterone formation by cultured fetal Leydig cells from neonatal rats to determine whether these cells are sensitive to HPTE. Our studies demonstrated that HPTE inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation in a dose-dependent manner. Significant declines in testosterone were observed at about 100 nM HPTE, and this effect was detected as early as 1 h after exposure. The main effects of HPTE appeared to be localized to the cholesterol side-chain cleavage step which converts cholesterol to pregnenolone. In addition, this effect did not appear to be mediated through the estrogen receptor as a weak estrogen or the androgen receptor as an antiandrogen, which are the currently proposed modes of action of MC and HPTE. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Murono, EP (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, MS L-2015,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM eem8@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.03.002 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 975RL UT WOS:000232679500002 PM 16199348 ER PT J AU Ohuabunwo, C Perevoscikovs, J Griskevica, A Gargiullo, P Brilla, A Viksna, L Glismann, S Wharton, M Vitek, C AF Ohuabunwo, C Perevoscikovs, J Griskevica, A Gargiullo, P Brilla, A Viksna, L Glismann, S Wharton, M Vitek, C TI Respiratory diphtheria among highly vaccinated military trainees in Latvia: Improved protection from DT compared with Td booster vaccination SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FORMER SOVIET-UNION; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNITY; RESURGENCE; EPIDEMIC; ANTIBODY; TOXIN; RISK AB An outbreak of respiratory diphtheria occurred among highly-vaccinated trainees at a Latvian military academy in August-September 2000. We reviewed immunization, clinical and laboratory records and administered a questionnaire to obtain data on exposure factors. Among 207 trainees, 45 (22%) diphtheria cases and 79 (38%) carriers of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae were identified. All patients survived; 1 had severe myocarditis. Sharing cups was a risk factor for infection. Over 85% of trainees had received >= 5 doses of diphtheria toxoid. Neither infection nor disease was associated with the number of doses or interval since last dose. However, the risk of disease was lower and diphtheria antitoxin levels were higher among trainees who received their last booster dose with higher-antigen diphtheria toxoid (DT) instead of lower-antigen Td. Outbreaks of mild diphtheria can occur among highly-vaccinated persons living in crowded conditions with intense exposure; high-antigen diphtheria booster-vaccination might provide better protection under these conditions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Inelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Riga, Latvia. Riga Environm Hlth Ctr, Riga, Latvia. Latvia Infectol Ctr, Riga, Latvia. Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Ohuabunwo, C (reprint author), Hlth Outcomes Ctr, Grady Hlth Syst, 80 Jesse Hill Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM Ugochima@hotmail.com NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 12 POSTHUSET, NO-0051 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 37 IS 11-12 BP 813 EP 820 DI 10.1080/00365540500262658 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 988RQ UT WOS:000233618800003 PM 16308214 ER PT J AU Evatt, BL AF Evatt, BL TI Demographics of hemophilia in developing countries SO SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE hemophilia; developing countries; demographic data; World Federation of Haemophilia; economics ID CARE; MANAGEMENT; WORLD; MALES; RISK AB Demographic datasets pertaining to populations are extremely valuable tools in healthcare planning. They are vital in setting priorities, allocation of resources, measurement of outcomes, and comparison of alternate approaches. Countries with emerging economies especially need information regarding targeted populations when initiating programs designed to deliver care to persons with chronic conditions such as hemophilia. The problems associated with data collection in these countries are huge but surmountable. The World Federation of Haemophilia(WFH) Global Survey provides a valuable synopsis of current global data on hemophilia patients and has provided insight into the extent of the problem with hemophilia worldwide. More and more countries recognize the uses of these data and have established or are in the process of establishing registries for persons with hemophilia to try and improve the quality of the information provided to the WFH. This information will most certainly assist in guiding the future of hemophilia care in these countries with emerging economies. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Evatt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ble2@mindspring.com NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 9 U2 12 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0094-6176 J9 SEMIN THROMB HEMOST JI Semin. Thromb. Hemost. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 31 IS 5 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1055/s-2005-922218 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 985EH UT WOS:000233359200002 PM 16276455 ER PT J AU Legardy, JK Macaluso, M Artz, L Brill, I AF Legardy, JK Macaluso, M Artz, L Brill, I TI Do participant characteristics influence the effectiveness of behavioral interventions? Promoting condom use to women SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; CLINICAL-TRIAL; SEX WORKERS; PREVENTION; RELIABILITY; BREAKAGE; SLIPPAGE AB Objectives: This study assessed whether participant baseline characteristics modified the effects of a skill-based intervention promoting condom use. Study: The randomized, controlled trial enrolled 427 women from a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. The main outcome measures: consistent (100%) and problem-free (correct, no breakage or slippage) condom use were verified by sexual diary self-report and contraceptive product counts. Results: The enhanced intervention group had a 60% higher consistent condom use rate compared to the basic group (risk ratio [RR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-1.8). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in relationship to problem-free, consistent use (RR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.9-1.1). A binomial regression analysis identified the following factors as significant modifiers of intervention effectiveness on consistent condom use: intention to use condoms next time, early-age sexual debut, marital status combined with place of intercourse, and substance use before sex. Conclusions: The results suggest that participant baseline characteristics can be modifiers of intervention effectiveness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, WHFB,CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Legardy, JK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, WHFB,CDC, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlegardy@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-1-3135] NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 32 IS 11 BP 665 EP 671 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000175392.84989.ec PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 983VH UT WOS:000233259700004 PM 16254540 ER PT J AU Artz, L Macaluso, M Meinzen-Derr, J Kelaghan, J Austin, H Fleenor, M Hook, EW Brill, I AF Artz, L Macaluso, M Meinzen-Derr, J Kelaghan, J Austin, H Fleenor, M Hook, EW Brill, I TI A randomized trial of clinician-delivered interventions promoting barrier contraception for sexually transmitted disease prevention SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION; BLACK-ADOLESCENT WOMEN; CONDOM-USE INTENTIONS; PATIENT EDUCATION; HIV RISK; AIDS; ACQUISITION; EFFICACY; BEHAVIOR; STD AB Objective: The objective of this study was to compare 2 interventions promoting condoms and vaginal microbicides to prevent sexually transmitted disease (STD). Study: Women (N = 427) attending an STD clinic were randomly assigned to 2 clinician-delivered interventions and followed up monthly to assess condom/microbicide use and incidence of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. Results: During follow up, condom use rates were 69 % (enhanced) and 49% (basic) and microbicide use rates were 44% and 29%, respectively. STD rates did not significantly differ between intervention groups. Perfect condom use (regardless of intervention arm) was associated with a 3-fold decrease in STD rates (relative risk [RR], 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-0.8). Using a vaginal microbicide during >= 50% of the acts of intercourse was associated with reduced STD rates (RR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-1.0) across intervention groups and condom use categories. Conclusions: The enhanced intervention increased use of condoms and vaginal microbicide; however, STD rates did not decrease because a protective effect was seen only among perfect barrier users, and the enhanced intervention only modestly increased perfect use. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Int Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Evaluat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Jefferson Cty Dept Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Macaluso, M (reprint author), CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, NCCDPHP, 470 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mmacaluso@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015; Meinzen-Derr, Jareen/N-4805-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690; NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 32 IS 11 BP 672 EP 679 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000175404.18098.dd PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 983VH UT WOS:000233259700005 PM 16254541 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Patel, DA Holmes, KK Foxman, B AF Aral, SO Patel, DA Holmes, KK Foxman, B TI Temporal trends in sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted disease history among 18-to 39-year-old Seattle, Washington, residents: Results of random digit-dial surveys SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DEMOGRAPHIC-TRANSITION; HIV RISK; PARTNERSHIPS; BRITAIN; SYPHILIS AB Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe sexual behaviors of Seattle residents in 2003-2004 and report changes since 1995. Methods: We conducted a random digit-dial (RDD) survey among 18- to 39-year-old men and women in 2003-2004. We compared the results with the results of a 1995 RDD survey conducted in the same population. Questionnaire batteries and sampling methods were similar in the 2 surveys. Results: Between 1995 and 2004, the median number of lifetime sex partners increased from 7 to 8. Vaginal douching declined from 70.6% to 25.9% (P = 0.004) among black women; from 8.3% to 5.9% (P < 0.05) among Asian American women; and from 15.5% to 2.4% (P < 0.05) overall. After adjustment, proportions of women who reported practicing vaginal douching (odds ratio [OR], 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-0.22), the proportion of respondents who reported a history of any sexually transmitted disease (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53-0.93) and a history of gonorrhea (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25-0.89) declined between 1995 and 2004. Conversely, the proportion of respondents who reported only same-sex partners (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.33-9.88), condom use at first sex with their most recent sex partner (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.06-1.78), and reported practice of anal sex (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.21-3.48) increased between 1995 and 2004. Among blacks, proportions reporting an age difference of only 2 years with their partners declined from 64.3% to 25.9% (P < 0.05), indicating increased age mixing. Conclusions: Some risk behaviors declined whereas others increased between 1995 and 2004; several trends were divergent between the general population and minority populations. Our data hint at an increasing divergence in risk behaviors and morbidity between minority populations and the general population. Also, anal sex and number of sex partners have increased. These patterns have serious implications for the design, targeting, and implementation of prevention programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctrs HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctrs HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SAral@cdc.gov OI Foxman, Betsy/0000-0001-6682-238X NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 32 IS 11 BP 710 EP 717 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000175370.08709.72 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 983VH UT WOS:000233259700011 PM 16254547 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ Cutlip, RG AF Wu, JZ Cutlip, RG TI Evaluation of nonlinear elastic behaviors of skin SO SKIN RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CDC, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS-2027, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jwu@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-752X J9 SKIN RES TECHNOL JI Skin Res. Technol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 287 EP 288 DI 10.1111/j.0909-725X.2005.00153.x PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 973CP UT WOS:000232500800009 PM 16221146 ER PT J AU Shipp, MPL Desmond, R Accortt, N Wilson, RJ Fouad, M Eloubeidi, MA AF Shipp, MPL Desmond, R Accortt, N Wilson, RJ Fouad, M Eloubeidi, MA TI Population-based study of the geographic variation in colon cancer incidence in Alabama: Relationship to socioeconomic status indicators and physician density SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE colon cancer; race; socioeconomic status; incidence; disparities ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; REDUCED RISK; MORTALITY; POVERTY; HEALTH; BLACK; ASSOCIATION; PREVENTION; SURVIVAL AB Objectives: The objective-of this populatioh-based study was to examine the relationship between race, socioeconomic characteristics (socioeconomic status, SES), physician density, and colon cancer incidence in Alabama. Methods: Data for 5,788 colon cancer cases from 1996 to 1999 provided by the Alabama Statewide Cancer Registry are linked to county-level measures of SES, including median household income, percentage of high school graduates, percentage of families below poverty level, and occupational and health care factors. Poisson regression is used to model the predictors adjusting for age, gender, and race. Results: Blacks had higher incidences of colon cancer compared with whites and presented with later stages (20.4% versus 14.8% for distant disease (P = 0.0089). After controlling for race, gender, and age at diagnosis, significant associations were detected between colon cancer incidence and higher education (RR = 1.10; 95% Cl, 1.03-1.17), and increased number of physicians per 1,000 (RR = 1.14; 95% Cl, 1.06-1.22). The county percentage of families below poverty is associated inversely with localized disease and positively with distant stage. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Canc Surveillance Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Eloubeidi, MA (reprint author), 408 Lyons Harrison Res Bldg,701 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM meloubeidi@uabmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [5 K07 CA92142] NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 98 IS 11 BP 1076 EP 1082 DI 10.1097/01.smj.0000184844.01148.10 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 991JX UT WOS:000233811400009 PM 16353380 ER PT J AU Desai, MR Holtz, TH Helfand, R Terlouw, DJ Wannemuehler, KA Kariuki, SK Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Ter Kuile, FO AF Desai, MR Holtz, TH Helfand, R Terlouw, DJ Wannemuehler, KA Kariuki, SK Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Ter Kuile, FO TI Relationship of measles vaccination with anaemia and malaria in western Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE measles vaccine; haemoglobin; anaemia; malaria; Kenya; Africa ID TREATED BED NETS; DAILY IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; BAY-COHORT-PROJECT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; CHILDHOOD ANEMIA; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AREA; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION AB OBJECTIVE Mild viral illness, including that following immunization with live attenuated measles virus (LAMV), has been associated with transient decreases in haemoglobin (Hb) and cellular immune response that may persist for several weeks. In areas of intense malaria transmission, such as western Kenya, infants experience a progressive drop in Hb until age 9-10 months and one-third may have Hb < 8 g/dl. These children may be at risk of developing severe anaemia with further haematological insult. The objective of this paper was to determine if immunization with LAMV was associated with increased risk of transient anaemia and malaria infection. METHODS Data from previous cross-sectional surveys (n = 5970) and one cohort study (n = 546) conducted among pre-school children were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Measles vaccination coverage between 12 and 23 months of age ranged from 44.8% to 62.7%. Hb concentrations in children aged 6-23 months with documented measles immunization within the previous 14 or 30 days (n = 103) were similar to those with no history of measles immunization in the previous 90 days (n = 996); mean differences [95% confidence interval (CI)] by 30 days were: in cross-sectional surveys, -0.49 g/dl (-1.12, 0.14); in the cohort study, -0.032 g/dl (-0.52, 0.46). Similarly, the risk of malaria parasitemia or severe to moderate anaemia did not differ. CONCLUSION These data do not suggest that the transient decrease in Hb and cellular immune response after immunization with LAMV results in clinically significant changes in the risk of subsequent severe to moderate anaemia or malaria in young children living in malaria-endemic regions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div TB Eliminat, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Desai, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mdesai@cdc.gov; tholtz@cdc.gov; rhelfand@cdc.gov; d.j.terlouw@liv.ac.uk; kpw9@cdc.gov; skariuki@kisian.mimcom.net; yps@cdc.gov; nahlenb@who.int; terkuile@liv.ac.uk OI ter Kuile, Feiko/0000-0003-3663-5617 NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1099 EP 1107 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01494.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 978IW UT WOS:000232867800003 PM 16262734 ER PT J AU van Eijk, AM Blokland, IE Slutsker, L Odhiambo, F Ayisi, JG Bles, HM Rosen, DH Adazu, K Lindblade, KA AF van Eijk, AM Blokland, IE Slutsker, L Odhiambo, F Ayisi, JG Bles, HM Rosen, DH Adazu, K Lindblade, KA TI Use of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy in a rural area of western Kenya with high coverage of insecticide-treated bed nets SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; malaria; sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; IPT; Kenya ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; INFANT-MORTALITY; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TRANSMISSION; EFFICACY; MALAWI; MORBIDITY; INFECTION; WOMEN AB Kenya established intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for malaria in pregnancy as national policy in 1998. We assessed the coverage of IPT among women who had recently delivered in a rural area of western Kenya with perennial malaria transmission and high coverage with insecticide treated nets (ITNs) through a cross-sectional, community-based survey in December 2002. Antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance was high (89.9% of the 635 participating women); 77.5% of attendees visited an ANC before the third trimester and 91.9% made more than one visit. Delivery of SP by the ANC was reported by 19.1% of all women but only 6.8% reported receiving more than one dose. Given the high rate of use of ANC services, if SP were given at each visit after the first trimester, the potential coverage of IPT (two doses of SP) would be 80.3% in this study population. ITNs were used by 82.4% of women during pregnancy, and almost all mothers (98.5%) who slept under an ITN shared the nets with their newborns after delivery. Women who thought malaria in pregnancy caused foetal problems were more likely to have used an ITN (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-2.4), and to have visited ANC more than once (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.7) compared to women who thought malaria in pregnancy was either not a problem or caused problems for the mother only. These findings illustrate the need for improved IPT coverage in this rural area. Identification and removal of the barriers to provision of IPT during ANC visits can help to increase coverage. In this area of Kenya, health messages stressing that foetal complications of malaria in pregnancy may occur in the absence of maternal illness may improve the demand for IPT. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van Eijk, AM (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. EM AMvanEijk@yahoo.com; ilseblokland@hotmail.com; lslutsker@ke.cdc.gov; fodhiambo@ke.cdc.gov; jayisi@kisian.mimcom.net; hannekebles@hotmail.com; rosend@zimcdc.co.zw; Kadazu@ke.cdc.gov; kil2@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1134 EP 1140 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01497.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 978IW UT WOS:000232867800007 PM 16262738 ER PT J AU Lindblade, KA Dotson, E Hawley, WA Bayoh, N Williamson, J Mount, D Olang, G Vulule, J Slutsker, L Gimnig, J AF Lindblade, KA Dotson, E Hawley, WA Bayoh, N Williamson, J Mount, D Olang, G Vulule, J Slutsker, L Gimnig, J TI Evaluation of long-lasting insecticidal nets after 2 years of household use SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria prevention; long-lasting insecticide treated bed nets ID TREATED BED NETS; WESTERN KENYA; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; WASH RESISTANCE; FIELD; MORTALITY; EFFICACY; AREA AB Development of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) may eliminate the need for insecticide retreatment of ITNs. While two LLINs (Olyset (R), Sumitomo Chemical Co., Japan; and PermaNet (R) 1.0, Vestergaard-Frandsen, Denmark) have received recommendations from the World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme, field-testing under normal use has been limited. We used a survival analysis approach to compare time to net failure of conventional polyester bednets treated only with deltamethrin to two LLINs and two candidate LLINs (Olyset (R); PermaNet (R); Insector, Athanor, France; and Dawa (R), Siamdutch Mosquito Netting Co., Thailand). Additionally, we evaluated nets treated with a process designed to increase the wash-durability of permethrin-treated nets through the addition of cyclodextrin (a starch) in the treatment process. Houses in western Kenya were randomly assigned to one of the six net types and nets were distributed to cover all sleeping spaces. Households were visited monthly to assess reported side effects in inhabitants and washing frequency. Nets were evaluated for insecticidal activity by periodic WHO cone bioassays with mortality assessed at 24 h. Nets with bioassay mortality < 70% were assayed monthly until failure, defined as the first of two consecutive bioassay mortality rates < 50%. Time to failure was analyzed using an extended Cox Proportional Hazards model controlling for the cumulative number of washes. We distributed 314 nets to 177 households in June-July 2002; 22 nets (7.0%) were lost to follow-up and 196 (62.4%) failed during the first 2 years of the evaluation. Controlling for cumulative number of washes, PermaNet (R) 1.0 [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.14, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.06-0.31] had a significantly lower risk of failure than conventional nets while Insector had a significantly higher risk of failure (HR 2.57, 95% CI 1.06-4.15). The risks of failure of the remaining nets (Olyset (R): HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.79-2.10; Dawa (R): HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.32-1.18; cyclodextrin: HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.40-1.1) were not significantly different from that of a conventional net. PermaNet (R) 1.0 performed significantly better than conventional nets and should be recommended to malaria control programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Gimnig, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kil2@cdc.gov; edotson@cdc.gov; whawley@cdc.gov; nbayoh@ke.cdc.gov; JWilliamson@cdc.gov; dmount@cdc.gov; golang@ke.cdc.gov; JVulule@kisian.mimcom.net; LSlutsker@ke.cdc.gov; jgimnig@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1141 EP 1150 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01501.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 978IW UT WOS:000232867800008 PM 16262739 ER PT J AU Grabowsky, M Farrell, N Hawley, W Chimumbwa, J Hoyer, S Wolkon, A Selanikio, J AF Grabowsky, M Farrell, N Hawley, W Chimumbwa, J Hoyer, S Wolkon, A Selanikio, J TI Integrating insecticide-treated bednets into a measles vaccination campaign achieves high, rapid and equitable coverage with direct and voucher-based methods SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE vaccination; measles; malaria; mosquito nets; equity; Zambia ID NETS; MALARIA; EXPERIENCE; TANZANIA; AFRICA AB Population coverage of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in Africa falls well below the Abuja target of 60% while coverage levels achieved during vaccination campaigns in the same populations typically exceed 90%. Household (HH) cost of ITNs is an important barrier to their uptake. We investigated the coverage, equity and cost of linking distribution of free ITNs to a measles vaccination campaign. During a national measles vaccination campaign in Zambia, children in four rural districts were given a free ITN when they received their measles vaccination. In one urban district, children were given a voucher, which could be redeemed for a net at a commercial distribution site. About 1700 HHs were asked whether they received vaccination and an ITN during a measles campaign, as well as questions on assets (e.g. type roofing material or bicycle ownership) to assess HH wealth. Net ownership was calculated for children in each wealth quintile. In the rural areas, ITN coverage among children rose from 16.7% to 81.1% and the equity ratio from 0.32 to 0.88 and in the urban area from 50.7% to 76.2% (equity ratio: 0.66-1.19). The operational cost per ITN delivered was $0.35 in the rural area with direct distribution and $1.89 in the urban areas with voucher distribution. Mass distribution of ITNs through vaccination campaigns achieves rapid, high and equitable coverage at low cost. C1 Amer Red Cross, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. DataDyne LLC, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Zambia Minist Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. RP Grabowsky, M (reprint author), Amer Red Cross, 2025 E St NW, Washington, DC 20006 USA. EM grabowskym@usa.redcross.org; Ntf1@cdc.gov; whawley@cdc.gov; jchimumbwa@unicef.org; IFRCZW50@ifrc.org; awolkon@cdc.gov; jselanikio@datadynegroup.com NR 21 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD NOV PY 2005 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1151 EP 1160 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01502.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 978IW UT WOS:000232867800009 PM 16262740 ER PT J AU Crosby, A Lipskiy, N Steenkamp, M Barker, L AF Crosby, A Lipskiy, N Steenkamp, M Barker, L TI The US National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) as a model of a national public health registry SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 BP A69 EP A69 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)67353-6 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 980MD UT WOS:000233021700218 ER PT J AU Ramsey, SD Zeliadt, S Hall, IJ Ekwueme, DU AF Ramsey, SD Zeliadt, S Hall, IJ Ekwueme, DU TI Health related quality of life evaluations in prostate cancer: Who's being studied? SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 BP A46 EP A47 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)67282-8 PG 2 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 980MD UT WOS:000233021700147 ER PT J AU Rath, A Choudhury, S Batra, D Kapre, SV Rupprecht, CE Gupta, SK AF Rath, A Choudhury, S Batra, D Kapre, SV Rupprecht, CE Gupta, SK TI DNA vaccine for rabies: Relevance of the trans-membrane domain of the glycoprotein in generating an antibody response SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ZONA-PELLUCIDA GLYCOPROTEIN-3; VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BONNET MONKEY; GENE-GUN; IMMUNIZATION; EXPRESSION; MICE AB Various studies have demonstrated the potential of immunization with DNA vaccines encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein (RV-G) to elicit humoral responses. In the present study, we have designed four constructs using a VR1020 vector, wherein the RV-G ectodomain has been cloned without the signal sequence (SS) and the trans-membrane domain (TD) (rGVR), without the SS but with the TD (rGVRt), with the SS but without the TD (rGVRs) and with the SS and the TD (rGVRst), under the control of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, and downstream of the tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) signal sequence. In addition, RV-G has been expressed as a His(6) tag fusion protein, both in Escherichia coli as well as in baculovirus expression systems. Using a prime-boost strategy, BALB/cJ mice administered with the rGVRt construct either in saline (intramuscularly) or adsorbed onto gold microcarriers (delivered intradermally by gene gun) generated the highest rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RVNA) titers. Inclusion of the SS, in addition to the TD (rGVRst), led to a significant decrease in RVNA titers, compared to the rGVRt construct. The DNA vaccine construct Inking both the SS and the TD domain and the vaccine having only the SS generated lower antibody responses, compared to the rGVRt construct.. After priming with DNA vaccine, boosting with both E. coli- as well as baculovirus-expressed rRV-G led to an increase in the RVNA titers. The present results demonstrate that a DNA vaccine encoding the full-length sequence of the ectodomain plus TD of the mature native RV-G is capable of expressing an 'ideal' immunogen to produce RVNA titers. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Immunol, Gamete Antigen Lab, New Delhi, India. Serum Inst India Ltd, Pune 411028, Maharashtra, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Ricettsial Dis, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gupta, SK (reprint author), Natl Inst Immunol, Gamete Antigen Lab, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India. EM skgupta@nii.res.in RI Gupta, Satish/B-9934-2009 OI Gupta, Satish/0000-0003-3717-0436 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 113 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.05.002 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 973CK UT WOS:000232500300009 PM 15978691 ER PT J AU Saddlemire, AE Denny, CH Greenlund, KJ Coolidge, JN Fan, AZ Croft, JB AF Saddlemire, AE Denny, CH Greenlund, KJ Coolidge, JN Fan, AZ Croft, JB TI Trends in cholesterol screening and awareness of high blood cholesterol - United States, 1991-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 865-870, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Saddlemire, AE (reprint author), CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 26 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 16 BP 2021 EP 2022 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 977CB UT WOS:000232778900009 ER PT J AU Reingold, A Hadler, J Farley, MM Harrison, L Lynfield, MR Besser, J Bennett, N Thomas, A Schaffner, W Beall, B Pilishvili, T Whitney, CG Moore, M Burton, DC AF Reingold, A Hadler, J Farley, MM Harrison, L Lynfield, MR Besser, J Bennett, N Thomas, A Schaffner, W Beall, B Pilishvili, T Whitney, CG Moore, M Burton, DC TI Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneurnococcal disease - United States, 1998-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 893, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Maryland Emerging Infect Program, Baltimore, MD USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Monroe Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Rochester, NY USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Salem, OR 97310 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Tennessee Emerging Infect Program, Nashville, TN USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reingold, A (reprint author), Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 26 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 16 BP 2022 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 977CB UT WOS:000232778900010 ER PT J AU Lexau, CA Lynfield, R Danila, R Pilishvili, T Facklam, R Farley, MM Harrison, LH Schaffner, W Reingold, A Bennett, NM Hadler, J Cieslak, PR Whitney, CG AF Lexau, CA Lynfield, R Danila, R Pilishvili, T Facklam, R Farley, MM Harrison, LH Schaffner, W Reingold, A Bennett, NM Hadler, J Cieslak, PR Whitney, CG CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among older adults in the era of pediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccine SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIONS; BACTEREMIA; RESISTANCE; EFFICACY; IMPACT AB Context A conjugate vaccine targeting 7 pneumococcal serotypes was licensed for young children in 2000. In contrast to the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine used in adults, the 7-valent conjugate vaccine affects pneumococcal carriage and transmission. Early after its introduction, incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease declined among older adults, a group at high risk for pneumococcal disease. Objective To determine among adults aged 50 years or older whether incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease, disease characteristics, or the spectrum of patients acquiring these illnesses have changed over the 4 years since pneumococcal conjugate vaccine licensure. Design, Setting, and Population Population-based surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in 8 US geographic areas (total population, 18 813 000), 1998-2003. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease by pneumococcal serotype and other characteristics; frequency among case patients of comorbid conditions and other factors influencing mortality. Results Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among adults aged 50 years or older declined 28% (95% confidence interval [CI], -31% to -24%), from 40.8 cases/ 100 000 in 1998-1999 to 29.4 in 2002-2003. Among those aged 65 years or older, the 2002-2003 rate (41.7 cases/100 000) was lower than the Healthy People 2010 goal (42 cases/100000). Among adults aged 50 years or older, incidence of disease caused by the 7 conjugate vaccine serotypes declined 55% (95% Cl, -58% to -51%) from 22.4 to 10.2 cases/100 000. In contrast, disease caused by any of the 16 serotypes only in polysaccharide vaccine did not change, and disease caused by serotypes not in either vaccine increased somewhat, from 6.0 to 6.8 cases/100000 (13%; 95% Cl, 1% to 27%). Between 1998-1999 and 2002-2003, the proportion of case-patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection increased from 1.7% (47/ 2737) to 5.6% (124/2231) (P<.001), and those with any comorbid condition that is an indication for pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination increased from 62.3% (1842/ 2955) to 72.0% (1721/2390) (P<.001). Conclusions Our findings indicate that use of conjugate vaccine in children has substantially benefited older adults. However, persons with certain comorbid conditions may benefit less than healthier persons from the indirect effects of the new vaccine. C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Monroe Cty Hlth Dept, Rochester, NY USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Program Epidemiol, Hartford, CT USA. Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA. RP Lexau, CA (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, 625 Robert St N, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. EM catherine.lexau@health.state.mn.us NR 34 TC 433 Z9 449 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 26 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 16 BP 2043 EP 2051 DI 10.1001/jama.294.16.2043 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 977CB UT WOS:000232778900024 PM 16249418 ER PT J AU Mann, JJ Apter, A Bertolote, J Beautrais, A Currier, D Haas, A Hegerl, U Lonnqvist, J Malone, K Marusic, A Mehlum, L Patton, G Phillips, M Rutz, W Rihmer, Z Schmidtke, A Shaffer, D Silverman, M Takahashi, Y Varnik, A Wasserman, D Yip, P Hendin, H AF Mann, JJ Apter, A Bertolote, J Beautrais, A Currier, D Haas, A Hegerl, U Lonnqvist, J Malone, K Marusic, A Mehlum, L Patton, G Phillips, M Rutz, W Rihmer, Z Schmidtke, A Shaffer, D Silverman, M Takahashi, Y Varnik, A Wasserman, D Yip, P Hendin, H TI Suicide prevention strategies - A systematic review SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; DELIBERATE SELF-HARM; SERVICES-TASK-FORCE; PRIMARY-CARE; GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS; YOUTH SUICIDE; FOLLOW-UP; MENTAL-DISORDERS AB Context In 2002, an estimated 877000 lives were lost worldwide through suicide. Some developed nations have implemented national suicide prevention plans. Although these plans generally propose multiple interventions, their effectiveness is rarely evaluated. Objectives To examine evidence for the effectiveness of specific suicide-preventive interventions and to make recommendations for future prevention programs and research. Data Sources and Study Selection Relevant publications were identified via electronic searches of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO databases using multiple search terms related to suicide prevention. Studies, published between 1966 and June 2005, included those that evaluated preventative interventions in major domains; education and awareness for the general public and for professionals; screening tools for at-risk individuals; treatment of psychiatric disorders; restricting access to lethal means; and responsible media reporting of suicide. Data Extraction Data were extracted on primary outcomes of interest: suicidal behavior (completion, attempt, ideation), intermediary or secondary outcomes (treatment seeking, identification of at-risk individuals, antidepressant prescription/use rates, referrals), or both. Experts from 15 countries reviewed all studies. Included articles were those that reported on completed and attempted suicide and suicidal ideation; or, where applicable, intermediate outcomes, including help-seeking behavior, identification of at-risk individuals, entry into treatment, and antidepressant prescription rates. We included 3 major types of studies for which the research question was clearly defined: systematic reviews and meta-analyses (n=10); quantitative studies, either randomized controlled trials (n = 18) or cohort studies (n =24); and ecological, or population-based studies (n=41). Heterogeneity of study populations and methodology did not permit formal meta-analysis; thus, a narrative synthesis is presented. Data Synthesis Education of physicians and restricting access to lethal means were found to prevent suicide. Other methods including public education, screening programs, and media education need more testing. Conclusions Physician education in depression recognition and treatment and restricting access to lethal methods reduce suicide rates. Other interventions need more evidence of efficacy. Ascertaining which components of suicide prevention programs are effective in reducing rates of suicide and suicide attempt is essential in order to optimize use of limited resources. C1 Columbia Univ, New York State Psychiat Inst, Dept Neurosci, Div Neurosci, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, Div Child Psychiat, New York, NY USA. Schneider Childrens Med Ctr Israel, Dept Psychiat, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. WHO, Dept Mental Hlth & Subst Abuse, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Christchurch Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Canterbury Suicide Project, Christchurch, New Zealand. Amer Fdn Suicide Prevent, New York, NY USA. Univ Munich, Dept Psychiat, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mental Hlth & Alcohol Res, Helsinki, Finland. St Vincents Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth Res, Dublin, Ireland. Inst Publ Hlth Republ Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Oslo, Suicide Res & Prevent Unit, Oslo, Norway. Univ Melbourne, Ctr Adolescent Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Beijing Suicide Res & Prevent Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. Acad Univ Hosp, Div Psychiat, Unit Social Psychiat & Hlth Promot, Uppsala, Sweden. Natl Inst Psychiat & Neurol, Budapest, Hungary. Univ Wurzburg, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Wurzburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Suicide Prevent Tech Resource Ctr, Newton, MA USA. Natl Def Med Coll, Res Inst, Div Behav Sci, Tokyo, Japan. Ctr Behav & Hlth Sci, Estonian Swedish Suicidol Inst, Tallinn, Estonia. Karolinska Inst, Swedish Natl Ctr Suicide Res & prevnet Mental Ill, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Jockey Club Ctr Suicide Res & Prevent, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Mann, JJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York State Psychiat Inst, Dept Neurosci, Div Neurosci, 1051 Riverside Dr,Box 42, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM jjm@columbia.edu RI Patton, George/B-5246-2013; Marusic, Ana/E-7683-2013; OI Patton, George/0000-0001-5039-8326; Marusic, Ana/0000-0001-6272-0917; Currier, Dianne/0000-0002-6614-271X NR 147 TC 1110 Z9 1141 U1 41 U2 276 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 26 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 16 BP 2064 EP 2074 DI 10.1001/jama.294.16.2064 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 977CB UT WOS:000232778900027 PM 16249421 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Ajani, UA Capewell, S AF Ford, ES Ajani, UA Capewell, S TI The role of changes in medical treatments and risk factors in the decline of mortality from coronary heart disease in the United States, 1980 and 2000 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 13-16, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 25 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 17 SU S MA 3846 BP U910 EP U911 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 979PD UT WOS:000232956406243 ER PT J AU Hsue, PY Waters, DD Farah, HH Bolger, AF Palav, S Ahmed, S Deeks, SG Huang, L Ellman, A Dollard, S Martin, JN AF Hsue, PY Waters, DD Farah, HH Bolger, AF Palav, S Ahmed, S Deeks, SG Huang, L Ellman, A Dollard, S Martin, JN TI HIV is associated with pulmonary hypertension independent of known risk factors SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 13-16, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 25 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 17 SU S MA 551 BP U151 EP U151 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 979PD UT WOS:000232956400496 ER PT J AU Wang, RY Bates, MN Goldstein, DA Haynes, SG Hench, KD Lawrence, RA Paul, IM Qian, ZM AF Wang, RY Bates, MN Goldstein, DA Haynes, SG Hench, KD Lawrence, RA Paul, IM Qian, ZM TI Human milk research for answering questions about human health SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research on Environmental Chemicals in the United States CY SEP 24-26, 2004 CL Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA HO Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Med ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; BREAST-MILK; HUMAN EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; PARTICULATE MATTER AB Concerns regarding human milk in our society are diverse, ranging from the presence of environmental chemicals to the health of breastfed infants and the economic value of breastfeeding to society. The panel convened for the Technical Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals in the United States, held at the Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, on 24-26 September 2004, considered how human milk research may contribute to environmental health initiatives to benefit society. The panel concluded that infant, maternal, and community health can benefit from studies using human milk biomonitoring. Unlike other biological specimens, human milk provides information regarding exposure of the mother and breastfed infant to environmental chemicals. Some of the health topics relevant to this field of research include disorders of growth and development in infants, cancer origins in women, and characterization of the trend of exposure to environmental chemicals in the community. The research focus will determine the design of the study and the need for the collection of alternative biological specimens and the long-term storage of these specimens. In order to strengthen the ability to interpret study results, it is important to identify reference ranges for the chemicals measured and to control for populations with high environmental chemical exposure, because the amount of data on environmental chemical levels in human milk that is available for comparison is extremely limited. In addition, it will be necessary to validate models used to assess infant exposure from breastfeeding because of the variable nature of current models. Information on differences between individual and population risk estimates for toxicity needs to be effectively communicated to the participant. Human milk research designed to answer questions regarding health will require additional resources to meet these objectives. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Womens Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Perinatal Syst & Womens Hlth, Maternal & Child Hlth Bur Hlth Resources & Serv A, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Rochester, Childrens Hosp Strong, Breastfeeding & Human Lactat Study Ctr, Rochester, NY USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Childrens Hosp,Dept Pediat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci,Childrens Hosp, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Wang, RY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RYWang@cdc.gov OI Paul, Ian/0000-0002-6344-8609 NR 86 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD OCT 22 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 20 BP 1771 EP 1801 DI 10.1080/15287390500226706 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 969ZV UT WOS:000232275900005 PM 16176918 ER PT J AU Berlin, CM Crase, BL Furst, P LaKind, JS Moy, G Needham, LL Pugh, LC Tully, MR AF Berlin, CM Crase, BL Furst, P LaKind, JS Moy, G Needham, LL Pugh, LC Tully, MR TI Methodologic considerations for improving and facilitating human milk research SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research on Environmental Chemicals in the United States CY SEP 24-26, 2004 CL Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA HO Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Med ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-MILK; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; TECHNICAL WORKSHOP; SURVEILLANCE; GUIDELINES; SELECTION AB Over the past several decades, interest in using human milk as a biomonitoring matrix has increased. However, it is not always an easy matter for a new mother to provide a milk sample. In this article, guidance on facilitating collection of human milk is provided. This includes addressing the mother's ease in expressing a milk sample, and engaging with many audiences to reduce the likelihood of negatively impacting the already low breastfeeding rates in the United States. In addition, this article covers concepts regarding long-term storage and integrity of human milk samples to maximize the utility of those samples, and proposed methods for improving public access to the full spectrum of human milk biomonitoring data, with context to understand the information presented. The environmental chemicals and chemical classes for which robust analytical methods exist are enumerated, and a process for prioritizing the development of analytical methods for additional environmental chemicals is described. C1 Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Div Community Hlth Serv, Breastfeeding Initiat, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD USA. Chem & Vet Control Lab, Munster, Germany. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ N Carolina Hlth Care, N Carolina Womens Hosp, Human Milk Banking Associat N Amer, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Berlin, CM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Childrens Hosp,Dept Pediat, MC HO85,POB 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM cmb6@psu.edu NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD OCT 22 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 20 BP 1803 EP 1824 DI 10.1080/15287390500226755 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 969ZV UT WOS:000232275900006 PM 16176919 ER PT J AU Berlin, CM LaKind, JS Fenton, SE Wang, RY Bates, MN Brent, RL Condon, M Crase, BL Dourson, ML Ettinger, AS Foos, B Furst, P Giacoia, GP Goldstein, DA Haynes, SG Hench, KD Kacew, S Koren, G Lawrence, RA Mason, A McDiarmid, MA Moy, G Needham, LL Paul, IM Pugh, LC Qian, ZM Salamone, L Selevan, SG Sonawane, B Tarzian, AJ Tully, MR Uhl, K AF Berlin, CM LaKind, JS Fenton, SE Wang, RY Bates, MN Brent, RL Condon, M Crase, BL Dourson, ML Ettinger, AS Foos, B Furst, P Giacoia, GP Goldstein, DA Haynes, SG Hench, KD Kacew, S Koren, G Lawrence, RA Mason, A McDiarmid, MA Moy, G Needham, LL Paul, IM Pugh, LC Qian, ZM Salamone, L Selevan, SG Sonawane, B Tarzian, AJ Tully, MR Uhl, K TI Conclusions and recommendations of the expert panel: Technical Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals in the United States SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research on Environmental Chemicals in the United States CY SEP 24-26, 2004 CL Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA HO Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Med C1 Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. AI duPont Hosp Children, Wilmington, DE USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Occupat Hlth Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Div Community Hlth Serv, Breastfeeding Initiat, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Exposure Epidemiol & Risk Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Chem & Vet Control Lab, Munster, Germany. NICHHD, Pediat Pharmacol Res Unit Network, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Womens Hlth, Washington, DC USA. US PHS, Div Perinatal Syst, Rockville, MD USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Womens Hlth Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Pharmacol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Hosp Sick Children Mol Toxicol, Div Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Univ Rochester, Breastfeeding & Human Lactat Study Ctr, Golisano Childrens Hosp, Rochester, NY USA. Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effects, Arlington, VA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD USA. Amer Chem Council, Hlth Prod & Sci Policy Team, Arlington, VA USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Eth & Res Consultant, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Law, Law & Hlth Care Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ N Carolina Hlth Care, N Carolina Womens Hosp, Human Milk Banking Associat N Amer, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off New Drugs, Pregnancy Labeling Team, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Berlin, CM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Childrens Hosp,Dept Pediat, MC HO85,POB 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM cmb6@psu.edu OI Paul, Ian/0000-0002-6344-8609 NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD OCT 22 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 20 BP 1825 EP 1831 DI 10.1080/15287390500226896 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 969ZV UT WOS:000232275900007 PM 16176920 ER PT J AU Anderson, LJ AF Anderson, LJ TI Twenty-first century plague - The story of SARS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lander-son@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 21 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5747 BP 444 EP 445 DI 10.1126/science.1117649 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977EU UT WOS:000232786000029 ER PT J AU Anderson, LJ AF Anderson, LJ TI SARS - A case study in emerging infections SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lander-son@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 21 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5747 BP 444 EP 445 DI 10.1126/science.1117649 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977EU UT WOS:000232786000028 ER PT J AU Crawford, PC Dubovi, EJ Castleman, WL Stephenson, I Gibbs, EPJ Chen, L Smith, C Hill, RC Ferro, P Pompey, J Bright, RA Medina, MJ Johnson, CM Olsen, CW Cox, NJ Klimov, AI Katz, JM Donis, RO AF Crawford, PC Dubovi, EJ Castleman, WL Stephenson, I Gibbs, EPJ Chen, L Smith, C Hill, RC Ferro, P Pompey, J Bright, RA Medina, MJ Johnson, CM Olsen, CW Cox, NJ Klimov, AI Katz, JM Donis, RO CA Influenza Genomics Grp TI Transmission of equine influenza virus to dogs SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-BINDING PROPERTIES; A-VIRUSES; SIALIC-ACID; HOST-RANGE; HEMAGGLUTININS; INFECTION; DISEASE; CHILD AB Molecular and antigenic analyses of three influenza viruses isolated from outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in racing greyhounds revealed that they are closely related to H3N8 equine influenza virus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the canine influenza virus genomes form a monophyletic group, consistent with a single interspecies virus transfer. Molecular changes in the hemagglutinin suggested adaptive evolution in the new host. The etiologic role of this virus in respiratory disease was supported by the temporal association of rising antibody titers with disease and by experimental inoculation studies. The geographic expansion of the infection and its persistence for several years indicate efficient transmission of canine influenza virus among greyhounds. Evidence of infection in pet dogs suggests that this infection may also become enzootic in this population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Donis, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rvd6@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 328 Z9 366 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 21 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5747 BP 482 EP 485 DI 10.1126/science.1117950 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977EU UT WOS:000232786000044 PM 16186182 ER PT J AU Merkle, S Jones, SE Wheeler, L Mannino, D AF Merkle, S Jones, SE Wheeler, L Mannino, D TI Self-reported asthma among high school students - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 765-767, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Merkle, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 19 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 15 BP 1891 EP 1892 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 974OZ UT WOS:000232602600009 ER PT J AU McKnight, CA Des Jarlais, DC Perlis, T Eigo, K Krim, M Auerbach, J Purchase, D Solberg, A Jones, TS Garfein, RS AF McKnight, CA Des Jarlais, DC Perlis, T Eigo, K Krim, M Auerbach, J Purchase, D Solberg, A Jones, TS Garfein, RS TI Update: Syringe exchange programs - United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 673-676, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. Amer Fdn AIDS Res, New York, NY USA. N Amer Syringe Exchange Network, Tacoma, WA USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McKnight, CA (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 19 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 15 BP 1892 EP 1894 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 974OZ UT WOS:000232602600010 ER PT J CA Combinat Pharmacptherapy Publ TI Combination pharmacotherapy for cardiovascular disease SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; LOWERING DRUGS; GLOBAL BURDEN; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; PREVENTION; SIMVASTATIN AB Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in developed countries and is rapidly becoming the major cause of death in the developing world. The increasing rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes, however, may slow the current favorable trends for deaths attributable to CVD in many developed countries. To improve control of risk factors for CVD, Wald and Law proposed a "polypill," containing a statin, a diuretic, beta-blocker, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, aspirin, and folic acid. This combination pharmacotherapy (CP) could be made widely available without treating specific risk factors or individuals. A workshop sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reviewed the concept of CP for both primary and secondary prevention. Combination pharmacotherapy may prove to be efficacious but may also have side effects and poor adherence, which may be greater than or less than that of other preventive approaches. Randomized trials are needed to study these issues, although the design for such trials is uncertain. The ability of CP to prevent CVD in a cost-effective manner must be demonstrated. Minority groups and people with low socioeconomic status in the United States have an increased risk for CVD, and the effectiveness of such pharmacotherapy must be considered for these populations. Combination pharmacotherapy may prove especially effective in the developing world, where studies of CP may precede those done in wealthier countries. Combination pharmacotherapy may have tremendous potential, but additional study and detailed evaluation are necessary. C1 Emory Univ, Emory Ctr Outcomes Res, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Emory Univ, Emory Ctr Outcomes Res, Briarcliff Campus,Mail Stop 1256-001-1AR, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 18 PY 2005 VL 143 IS 8 BP 593 EP 599 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 975PI UT WOS:000232674000010 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Davis, R Gwinn, M Lindegren, ML Yoon, P AF Khoury, MJ Davis, R Gwinn, M Lindegren, ML Yoon, P TI Re: "Do we need genomic research for the prevention of common diseases with environmental causes? Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 8 BP 816 EP 816 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi283 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 971ZG UT WOS:000232423000015 ER PT J AU McElroy, PD Ijaz, K Lambert, LA Jereb, JA Iademarco, MF Castro, KG Navin, TR AF McElroy, PD Ijaz, K Lambert, LA Jereb, JA Iademarco, MF Castro, KG Navin, TR TI National survey to measure rates of liver injury, hospitalization, and death associated with rifampin and pyrazinamide for latent tuberculosis infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ISONIAZID-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS; PREVENTIVE THERAPY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; JAIL INMATES; HEPATOTOXICITY; EXPERIENCE; COMPLETION; PROGRAM; SAFETY; RISK AB Background. Cases of severe and fatal liver injury were reported after a 2-month course of rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy was recommended in 2000 as an alternative to isoniazid for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. We estimated rates of rifampin-pyrazinamide-associated liver injury and compared these with historical rates for isoniazid. Methods. We conducted a survey of state and city tuberculosis programs and other health care settings in the United States where rifampin-pyrazinamide was prescribed. The number of rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy initiations was collected, as well as the number of occurrences of (1) asymptomatic aspartate aminotransferase serum concentration 15 times the upper limit of normal, (2) symptomatic hepatitis (in which the patient was not hospitalized), (3) hospitalization for liver injury, (4) death with liver injury, and (5) treatment completion. We also searched a national pharmacy claims database (Verispan). Rates of these events were calculated. Results. Among 139 programs, 110 (79%) responded; 87 (79%) had initiated rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy for a total of 8087 patients between January 2000 and June 2002. Rates per 1000 rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy initiations during this period were 25.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.3-29.3) for asymptomatic aspartate aminotransferase level 15 times the upper limit of normal and 18.7 (95% CI, 15.9-21.9) for hepatitis. Seven fatalities and 23 hospitalizations occurred, with rates of 0.9 (95% CI, 0.4-1.9) and 2.8 (95% CI, 1.8-4.3) per 1000 rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy initiations, respectively. Of 8087 patients, 64% completed rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy. The Verispan search revealed 1 rifampin-pyrazinamide-associated hospitalization (2.9 hospitalizations per 1000 rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy initiations; 95% CI, 0.1-18.4) and no deaths. Articles on the use of isoniazid therapy for latent tuberculosis infection that were published after 1990 reported fatality rates of 0.0-0.3 deaths per 1000 persons. Conclusions. Rates of liver injury, hospitalization, and death associated with rifampin-pyrazinamide therapy exceed rates reported for isoniazid therapy. Because earlier randomized trials of rifampin-pyrazinamide lacked adequate statistical power to detect fatal events, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that rifampin-pyrazinamide generally should not be used for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Navin, TR (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tnavin@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1125 EP 1133 DI 10.1086/444463 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 966EJ UT WOS:000232002300009 PM 16163632 ER PT J AU Sobel, J AF Sobel, J TI Botulism SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TOXIN TYPE-A; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; FOODBORNE BOTULISM; UNITED-STATES; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; INFANT BOTULISM; WOUND BOTULISM; ANTITOXIN; OUTBREAK; MONKEYS AB Botulism is a rare disease with 4 naturally occurring syndromes: foodborne botulism is caused by ingestion of foods contaminated with botulinum toxin, wound botulism is caused by Clostridium botulinum colonization of a wound and in situ toxin production, infant botulism is caused by intestinal colonization and toxin production, and adult intestinal toxemia botulism is an even rarer form of intestinal colonization and toxin production in adults. Inhalational botulism could result from aerosolization of botulinum toxin, and iatrogenic botulism can result from injection of toxin. All forms of botulism produce the same distinct clinical syndrome of symmetrical cranial nerve palsies followed by descending, symmetric flaccid paralysis of voluntary muscles, which may progress to respiratory compromise and death. The mainstays of therapy are meticulous intensive care (including mechanical ventilation, when necessary) and timely treatment with antitoxin. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sobel, J (reprint author), CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, MS-A38,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jsobel@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 192 Z9 201 U1 6 U2 34 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1167 EP 1173 DI 10.1086/444507 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 966EJ UT WOS:000232002300015 PM 16163636 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DD Gershman, K LeBailly, A Petersen, LR AF Ferguson, DD Gershman, K LeBailly, A Petersen, LR TI Characteristics of the rash associated with West Nile virus fever SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; OUTBREAK; ISRAEL AB We characterized rash in 15 patients with West Nile virus (WNV) fever. Generalized, maculopapular rash typically occurred on days 5-12 of illness. Dysesthesia was reported by 27% of patients, and pruritus by 33% of patients. Because the rash was nonspecific and serologic test results were often negative for WNV at presentation, convalescent-phase testing was frequently required to diagnose WNV fever. C1 Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Larimer Cty Dept Hlth & Environm, Ft Collins, CO USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Gershman, K (reprint author), Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, 4300 Cherry Creek Dr S, Denver, CO 80246 USA. EM ken.gershman@state.co.us FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU812430] NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1204 EP 1207 DI 10.1086/444506 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 966EJ UT WOS:000232002300021 PM 16163642 ER PT J AU Liu, ZF Lu, MM Birch, ME Keener, TC Khang, SJ Liang, FY AF Liu, ZF Lu, MM Birch, ME Keener, TC Khang, SJ Liang, FY TI Variations of the particulate carbon distribution from a nonroad diesel generator SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXHAUST PARTICLES; MATTER; ENGINES; JP-8 AB The emissions of diesel particulate matter (DPM) from diesel engines are causing increasing health concerns due to their suspected carcinogenicity, especially the carbonaceous fractions. The total DPM emissions and the organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) distributions of the DPM depend on many operating factors, such as load, engine design parameters, fuel sulfur content, fuel usage rate, and sampling conditions. Results of previous studies on the OC/EC variations with load for heavy-duty vehicles have been reported, but information is scarce for nonroad diesel generators. There is a clear need to better characterize nonroad DPM emissions, as studies have indicated that DPM emissions from nonroad diesel engines are significantly higher than those from on-road sources. The objective of the study is to provide a detailed account of the OC/EC distributions for a nonroad diesel generator operated with high and low sulfur fuels under different load conditions. DPM emissions were collected using an EPA Method 5 (Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions from Stationary Sources) sampling train. The OC and EC concentrations were quantified by NIOSH Method 5040. DPM concentrations and the relative contributions of OC, EC, and noncarbonaceous materials vary significantly with engine load, fuel sulfur content, and sample collection temperature. The fractions of EC over DPM increase with increasing load from 21% at OkW to 84% at 75 kW for the low sulfur fuel, while those of OC decrease from 62% to 9%. This is consistent with other studies, and the same trends exist regardless of the sulfur content and DPM collection temperature. The fractions of organic compounds range from 77% to 19% for the high sulfur fuel. Noncarbonaceous materials are from 27% to 18% in fraction from high sulfur DPM as opposed to the 17% to 7% in the low sulfur diesel emissions. At lower collection temperatures, more DC and noncarbonaceous materials are observed. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH,Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Lu, MM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM mingming.lu@uc.edu RI Liu, Zifei/G-6931-2014 OI Liu, Zifei/0000-0003-1090-9878 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 20 BP 7840 EP 7844 DI 10.1021/es048373d PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976UH UT WOS:000232758400016 PM 16295845 ER PT J AU Amon, JJ Devasia, R Xia, GL Nainan, OV Hall, S Lawson, B Wolthuis, JS MacDonald, PDM Shepard, CW Williams, IT Armstrong, GL Gabel, JA Erwin, P Sheeler, L Kuhnert, W Patel, P Vaughan, G Weltman, A Craig, AS Bell, BP Fiore, A AF Amon, JJ Devasia, R Xia, GL Nainan, OV Hall, S Lawson, B Wolthuis, JS MacDonald, PDM Shepard, CW Williams, IT Armstrong, GL Gabel, JA Erwin, P Sheeler, L Kuhnert, W Patel, P Vaughan, G Weltman, A Craig, AS Bell, BP Fiore, A TI Molecular epidemiology of foodborne hepatitis A outbreaks in the United States, 2003 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY FEB, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA ID GENETIC-ANALYSIS; SUBGENOTYPES IA; VIRUS; DISEASE; SURVEILLANCE; MULTISTATE; STRAINS; IB AB Background. Molecular epidemiologic investigations can link geographically separate foodborne hepatitis A outbreaks but have not been used while field investigations are in progress. In 2003, outbreaks of foodborne hepatitis A were reported in multiple states. Methods. Case-control studies were conducted in 3 states. Hepatitis A virus was sequenced from serologic specimens from individuals associated with outbreaks and from individuals concurrently ill with hepatitis A in nonoutbreak settings in the United States and Mexico. Results. Case-control studies in Tennessee (TN), North Carolina ( NC), and Georgia (GA) found green onions to be associated with illness among restaurant patrons ( TN: odds ratio [ OR], 65.5 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 8.9-482.5; NC: OR, 2.4 [ 95% CI, 0.3-21.9]; GA: OR, 20.9 [ 95% CI, 3.9-110.3]). Viral sequences from TN case patients differed by 2 nt, compared with those from case patients in NC and GA. A third sequence, differing from the TN and GA/NC sequences by 1 nt, was identified among case patients in a subsequent outbreak in Pennsylvania. Each outbreak sequence was identical to >= 1 sequence isolated from northern Mexican resident(s) with hepatitis A. The sources of green onions served in restaurants in TN and GA were 3 farms in northern Mexico. Conclusions. Ongoing viral strain surveillance facilitated the rapid implementation of control measures. Incorporation of molecular epidemiologic methods into routine hepatitis A surveillance would improve the detection of hepatitis A outbreaks and increase our understanding of hepatitis A epidemiology in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Knox Cty Hlth Dept, Knoxville, TN USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, E Tennessee Reg Hlth Off, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, N Carolina Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness, N Carolina Inst Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. RP Fiore, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd Mailstop G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM abf4@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 8 BP 1323 EP 1330 DI 10.1086/462425 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 966EI UT WOS:000232002200004 PM 16170748 ER PT J AU Chahroudi, A Sawadogo, S Ellenberger, D Pieniazek, D Borget-Alloue, MY Aidoo, M Koblavi-Deme, S Fernandez-Vina, M Maurice, C Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN McNicholl, JM AF Chahroudi, A Sawadogo, S Ellenberger, D Pieniazek, D Borget-Alloue, MY Aidoo, M Koblavi-Deme, S Fernandez-Vina, M Maurice, C Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN McNicholl, JM TI Measurement of HIV-1 CRF02_AG - Specific T cell responses indicates the dominance of a p24(gag) epitope in blood donors in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIDS Vaccine 2003 Conference CY SEP 18-21, 2003 CL New York, NY ID VIRAL LOAD; SUBTYPES; VACCINE; PLASMA; GAG AB Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-specific immune responses against subtypes circulating in areas where the virus is endemic is critical for the design of candidate vaccines. In Cote d'Ivoire, the most prevalent HIV-1 subtype is CRF02_AG. We detected T cell responses to CRF02_AG consensus p24(gag) or protease peptides in 81% of HIV-1- or HIV-1/2-infected blood donors in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Both the magnitude and the breadth of interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot responses were inversely correlated with plasma viral load. One frequently recognized peptide in p24gag was mapped to the optimal epitope (TPQDLNMML). Further studies of this epitope may be important for the development of HIV-1 vaccines for West Africa and West-Central Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD& TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV SRD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, USN, Res Inst,CW Bill Young Dept Def Marrow Donor Prog, Kensington, MD USA. Project RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Chahroudi, A (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM achahro@emory.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 8 BP 1417 EP 1421 DI 10.1086/466525 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 966EI UT WOS:000232002200016 PM 16170760 ER PT J AU Brooks, JT Sowers, EG Wells, JG Greene, KD Griffin, PM Hoekstra, RM Strockbine, NA AF Brooks, JT Sowers, EG Wells, JG Greene, KD Griffin, PM Hoekstra, RM Strockbine, NA TI Non-O157 shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in the United States, 1983-2002 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; VIRULENCE GENES; SEROGROUP O157; DIARRHEA; OUTBREAK; STRAINS; PROFILES; CHILDREN; DISEASE; PCR AB Background. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 is a well-recognized cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Non-O157 STEC contribute to this burden of illness but have been underrecognized as a result of diagnostic limitations and inadequate surveillance. Methods. Between 1983 and 2002, 43 state public health laboratories submitted 940 human non-O157 STEC isolates from persons with sporadic illnesses to the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention reference laboratory for confirmation and serotyping. Results. The most common serogroups were O26 (22%), O111 (16%), O103 (12%), O121 (8%), O45 (7%), and O145 (5%). Non-O157 STEC infections were most frequent during the summer and among young persons ( median age, 12 years; interquartile range, 3 - 37 years). Virulence gene profiles were as follows: 61% stx(1) but not stx(2); 22% stx(2) but not stx(1); 17% both stx(1) and stx(2); 84% intimin (eae); and 86% enterohemolysin (E-hly). stx(2) was strongly associated with an increased risk of HUS, and eae was strongly associated with an increased risk of bloody diarrhea. STEC O111 accounted for most cases of HUS and was also the cause of 3 of 7 non-O157 STEC outbreaks reported in the United States. Conclusions. Non-O157 STEC can cause severe illness that is comparable to the illness caused by STEC O157. Strains that produce Shiga toxin 2 are much more likely to cause HUS than are those that produce Shiga toxin 1 alone. Improving surveillance will more fully elucidate the incidence and pathological spectrum of these emerging agents. These efforts require increased clinical suspicion, improved clinical laboratory isolation, and continued serotyping of isolates in public health laboratories. C1 Natl Ctr HIV TB & STD Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brooks, JT (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV TB & STD Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zud4@cdc.gov; nas6@cdc.gov NR 62 TC 407 Z9 423 U1 0 U2 26 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 8 BP 1422 EP 1429 DI 10.1086/466536 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 966EI UT WOS:000232002200017 PM 16170761 ER PT J AU Marfin, AA Gubler, DJ AF Marfin, AA Gubler, DJ TI Japanese encephalitis: the need for a more effective vaccine SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID SA14-14-2 C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, John A Burns Sch Med, Asia Pacific Inst Trop Med & Infect Dis, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Marfin, AA (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aam0@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9494 BP 1335 EP 1337 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67543-5 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 973ZW UT WOS:000232562100005 PM 16226596 ER PT J AU Kim, HY Williamson, JM Lyles, CM AF Kim, HY Williamson, JM Lyles, CM TI Sample-size calculations for studies with correlated ordinal outcomes SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE correlated data; generalized estimating equations; ordinal response; power; sample size ID GENERALIZED ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; ORDERED CATEGORICAL-DATA; REGRESSION-MODELS; BINARY RESPONSES; POWER CALCULATIONS; LINEAR-MODELS; MISSING DATA AB Correlated ordinal response data often arise in public health studies. Sample-size (power) calculations are a crucial step in designing such studies to ensure an adequate sample to detect a significant effect. Here we extend Rochon's method of sample-size estimation with a repeated binary response to the ordinal case. The proposed sample-size calculations are based on an analysis with generalized estimating equations (GEE) and inference with the Wald test. Simulation results demonstrate the merit of the proposed power calculations. Analysis of an arthritis clinical trial is used for illustration. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent MS E37, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kim, HY (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, McGavran Greenberg Hall,CB 7420, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kimhy@email.unc.edu NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 19 BP 2977 EP 2987 DI 10.1002/sim.2162 PG 11 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 969EG UT WOS:000232215600005 PM 16149125 ER PT J AU Smith, S Averhoff, F Redd, S Rue, A AF Smith, S Averhoff, F Redd, S Rue, A CA CDC TI Preventable measles among U.S. residents, 2001-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 817-820, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Svcs, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Svcs, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 12 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 14 BP 1755 EP 1756 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 972RX UT WOS:000232472000005 ER PT J AU Carroll, MD Lacher, DA Sorlie, PD Cleeman, JI Gordon, DJ Wolz, M Grundy, SM Johnson, CL AF Carroll, MD Lacher, DA Sorlie, PD Cleeman, JI Gordon, DJ Wolz, M Grundy, SM Johnson, CL TI Trends in serum lipids and lipoproteins of adults, 1960-2002 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EDUCATION-PROGRAM RECOMMENDATIONS; TOTAL CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; EXCESS BODY-WEIGHT; NATIONAL-HEALTH; US ADULTS; PRAVASTATIN; PREVENTION; EVENTS AB Context Serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol contribute significantly to atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae. Previous analyses of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) showed that mean levels of total cholesterol of US adults had declined from 1960-1962 to 1988-1994, and mean levels of LDL cholesterol (available beginning in 1976) had declined between 1976-1980 and 1988-1994. Objective To examine trends in serum lipid levels among US adults between 1960 and 2002, with a particular focus on changes since the 1988-1994 NHANES survey. Design, Setting, and Participants Blood lipid measurements taken from 6098 to 15 719 adults who were examined in 5 distinct cross-sectional surveys of the US population during 1960-1962, 1971-1974, 1976-1980, 1988-1994, and 1999-2002. Main Outcome Measures Mean serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and geometric mean serum triglyceride levels, and the percentage of adults with a serum total cholesterol level of at least 240 mg/dL (>= 6.22 mmol/L). Results Between 1988-1994 and 1999-2002, total serum cholesterol level of adults aged 20 years or older decreased from 206 mg/dL (5.34 mmol/L) to 203 mg/dL (5.26 mmol/L) (P=.009) and LDL cholesterol levels decreased from 129 mg/dL (3.34 mmol/L) to 123 mg/dL (3.19 mmol/L) (P<.001). Greater and significant decreases were observed in men 60 years or older and in women 50 years or older. The percentage of adults with a total cholesterol level of at least 240 mg/dL (>= 6.22 mmol/L) decreased from 20% during 1988-1994 to 17% during 1999-2002 (P<.001). There was no change in mean HDL cholesterol levels and a nonsignificant increase in geometric mean serum triglyceride levels (P=.06). Conclusions The decrease in total cholesterol level observed during 1960-1994 and LDL cholesterol level observed during 1976-1994 has continued during 1999-2002 in men 60 to 74 years and women 50 to 74 years. The target value of no more than 17% of US adults with a total cholesterol level of at least 240 mg/dL (>= 6.22 mmol/L), an objective of Healthy People 2010, has been attained. The increase in the proportion of adults using lipid-lowering medication, particularly in older age groups, likely contributed to the decreases in total and LDL cholesterol levels observed. The increased prevalence of obesity in the US population may have contributed to the increase in mean serum triglyceride levels. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. RP Carroll, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4413, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM mdc3@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 289 Z9 295 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 12 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 14 BP 1773 EP 1781 DI 10.1001/jama.294.14.1773 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 972RX UT WOS:000232472000016 PM 16219880 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Basler, CF Aguilar, PV Zeng, H Solorzano, A Swayne, DE Cox, NJ Katz, JM Taubenberger, JK Palese, P Garcia-Sastre, A AF Tumpey, TM Basler, CF Aguilar, PV Zeng, H Solorzano, A Swayne, DE Cox, NJ Katz, JM Taubenberger, JK Palese, P Garcia-Sastre, A TI Characterization of the reconstructed 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic virus SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; NEURAMINIDASE DETERMINES; GENE; HEMAGGLUTININ; VIRULENCE; PATHOGENICITY; SEGMENT; ORIGIN AB The pandemic influenza virus of 1918-1919 killed an estimated 20 to 50 million people worldwide. With the recent availability of the complete 1918 influenza virus coding sequence, we used reverse genetics to generate an influenza virus bearing all eight gene segments of the pandemic virus to study the properties associated with its extraordinary virulence. In stark contrast to contemporary human influenza H1N1 viruses, the 1918 pandemic virus had the ability to replicate in the absence of trypsin, caused death in mice and embryonated chicken eggs, and displayed a high-growth phenotype in human bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, the coordinated expression of the 1918 virus genes most certainly confers, the unique high-virulence phenotype observed with this pandemic virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30606 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI058113-01, U19 AI62623, U54 AI57158] NR 25 TC 643 Z9 709 U1 18 U2 196 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 7 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5745 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1126/science.1119392 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 972TV UT WOS:000232477000039 PM 16210530 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, JB DePaola, A Bopp, CA Martinek, KA Napolilli, NP Allison, CG Murray, SL Thompson, EC Bird, MM Middaugh, JP AF McLaughlin, JB DePaola, A Bopp, CA Martinek, KA Napolilli, NP Allison, CG Murray, SL Thompson, EC Bird, MM Middaugh, JP TI Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis associated with Alaskan oysters SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID THERMOSTABLE DIRECT HEMOLYSIN; UNITED-STATES; ALGINOLYTICUS; GENES; COAST; FOOD AB BACKGROUND Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the leading cause of seafood-associated gastroenteritis in the United States, typically is associated with the consumption of raw oysters gathered from warm-water estuaries. We describe a recognized outbreak of V. parahaemolyticus infection associated with the consumption of seafood from Alaska. METHODS After we received reports of the occurrence of gastroenteritis on a cruise ship, we conducted a retrospective cohort study among passengers, as well as active surveillance throughout Alaska to identify additional cases, and an environmental study to identify sources of V. parahaemolyticus and contributors to the outbreak. RESULTS Of 189 passengers, 132 ( 70 percent) were interviewed; 22 of the interviewees ( 17 percent) met our case definition of gastroenteritis. In our multiple logistic-regression analysis, consumption of raw oysters was the only significant predictor of illness; the attack rate among people who consumed oysters was 29 percent. Active surveillance identified a total of 62 patients with gastroenteritis. V. parahaemolyticus serotype O6: K18 was isolated from the majority of patients tested and from environmental samples of oysters. Patterns on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were highly related across clinical and oyster isolates. All oysters associated with the outbreak were harvested when mean daily water temperatures exceeded 15.0 degrees C ( the theorized threshold for the risk of V. parahaemolyticus illness from the consumption of raw oysters). Since 1997, mean water temperatures in July and August at the implicated oyster farm increased 0.21 degrees C per year (P< 0.001 by linear regression); 2004 was the only year during which mean daily temperatures in July and August at the shellfish farm did not drop below 15.0 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS This investigation extends by 1000 km the northernmost documented source of oysters that caused illness due to V. parahaemolyticus. Rising temperatures of ocean water seem to have contributed to one of the largest known outbreaks of V. parahaemolyticus in the United States. C1 Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Alaska Dept Environm Conservat, Anchorage, AK USA. US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McLaughlin, JB (reprint author), Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, 3601 C St,Suite 540, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM joe_mclaughlin@health.state.ak.us NR 32 TC 207 Z9 222 U1 1 U2 22 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 6 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 14 BP 1463 EP 1470 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa051594 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 970LZ UT WOS:000232313000006 PM 16207848 ER PT J CA CDC TI Update: Interim guidance for minimizing risk for human lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection associated with pet rodents (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 799-801, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 13 BP 1613 EP 1614 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 970DC UT WOS:000232284400006 ER PT J AU Edwards, BK Brown, ML Wingo, PA Howe, HL Ward, E Ries, LAG Schrag, D Jamison, PM Jemal, A Wu, XC Friedman, C Harlan, L Warren, J Anderson, RN Pickle, LW AF Edwards, BK Brown, ML Wingo, PA Howe, HL Ward, E Ries, LAG Schrag, D Jamison, PM Jemal, A Wu, XC Friedman, C Harlan, L Warren, J Anderson, RN Pickle, LW TI Annual report to the Nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2002, featuring population-based trends in cancer treatment SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Review ID STAGE BREAST-CANCER; CELL LUNG-CANCER; HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; NONMETASTATIC PROSTATE-CANCER; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY USE; ADVANCED OVARIAN-CANCER; POSITIVE COLON-CANCER; SEER-MEDICARE DATA; CARCINOMA IN-SITU; QUALITY-OF-LIFE AB Background: The American Cancer Society (ACS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide information on cancer rates and trends in the United States. This year's report updates statistics on the 15 most common cancers in the five major racial/ethnic populations in the United States for 1992-2002 and features population-based trends in cancer treatment. Methods: The NCI, the CDC, and the NAACCR provided information on cancer cases, and the CDC provided information on cancer deaths. Reported incidence and death rates were age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population, annual percent change in rates for fixed intervals was estimated by linear regression, and annual percent change in trends was estimated with join-point regression analysis. Population-based treatment data were derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program registries, SEER-Medicare linked databases, and NCI Patterns of Care/Quality of Care studies. Results: Among men, the incidence rates for all cancer sites combined were stable from 1995 through 2002. Among women, the incidence rates increased by 0.3% annually from 1987 through 2002. Death rates in men and women combined decreased by 1.1% annually from 1993 through 2002 for all cancer sites combined and also for many of the 15 most common cancers. Among women, lung cancer death rates increased from 1995 through 2002, but lung cancer incidence rates stabilized from 1998 through 2002. Although results of cancer treatment studies suggest that much of contemporary cancer treatment for selected cancers is consistent with evidence-based guidelines, they also point to geographic, racial, economic, and age-related disparities in cancer treatment. Conclusions: Cancer death rates for all cancer sites combined and for many common cancers have declined at the same time as the dissemination of guideline-based treatment into the community has increased, although this progress is not shared equally across all racial and ethnic populations. Data from population-based cancer registries, supplemented by linkage with administrative databases, are an important resource for monitoring the quality of cancer treatment. Use of this cancer surveillance system, along with new developments in medical informatics and electronic medical records, may facilitate monitoring of the translation of basic science and clinical advances to cancer prevention, detection, and uniformly high quality of care in all areas and populations of the United States. C1 NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, Springfield, IL USA. Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res Dept, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stats, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Edwards, BK (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, 6116 Execut Blvd,Suite 504, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM edwardsb@mail.nih.gov RI Ain, Kenneth/A-5179-2012 OI Ain, Kenneth/0000-0002-2668-934X NR 148 TC 635 Z9 656 U1 5 U2 72 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 19 BP 1407 EP 1427 DI 10.1093/jnci/dji289 PG 21 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 979NZ UT WOS:000232953400008 PM 16204691 ER PT J AU Bruce, MG Sanders, EJ Leake, JAD Zaidel, O Bragg, SL Aye, T Shutt, KA Deseda, CC Rigau-Perez, JG Tappero, JW Perkins, BA Spiegel, RA Ashford, DA AF Bruce, MG Sanders, EJ Leake, JAD Zaidel, O Bragg, SL Aye, T Shutt, KA Deseda, CC Rigau-Perez, JG Tappero, JW Perkins, BA Spiegel, RA Ashford, DA TI Leptospirosis among patients presenting with dengue-like illness in Puerto Rico SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE leptospirosis; dengue fever; case-control study; Puerto Rico; incidence; zoonosis ID NEW-CALEDONIA; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; SOUTH-PACIFIC; RISK-FACTORS; BARBADOS; NICARAGUA; OUTBREAK; VIRUSES AB Leptospirosis is difficult to distinguish from dengue fever without laboratory confirmation. Sporadic cases/clusters of leptospirosis occur in Puerto Rico, but surveillance is passive and laboratory confirmation is rare. We tested for leptospirosis using an IgM ELISA on sera testing negative for dengue virus IgM antibody and conducted a case-control study assessing risk factors for leptospirosis, comparing clinical/laboratory findings between leptospirosis (case-patients) and dengue patients (controls). Among 730 dengue-negative sera, 36 (5%) were positive for leptospirosis. We performed post mortem testing for leptospirosis on 12 available specimens from suspected dengue-related fatalities; 10 (83%) tested positive. Among these 10 fatal cases, pulmonary hemorrhage and renal failure were the most common causes of death. We enrolled 42 case-patients and 84 controls. Jaundice, elevated BUN, hyperbilirubinemia, anemia, and leukocytosis were associated with leptospirosis (p < .01 for all). Male sex, walking in puddles, rural habitation, and owning horses were independently associated with leptospirosis. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory criteria may help distinguish leptospirosis from dengue and identify patients who would benefit from early antibiotic treatment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDC, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit,, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, Div Epidemiol, San Juan, PR USA. NCHSTP, Global AIDS Program, Bangkok, Thailand. CDC, Off Strategy & Innovat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Bruce, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDC, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM zwa8@cdc.gov; eduard@enarp.com; jleake@chsd.org; orenzaidel@yahoo.com; slb5@cdc.gov; ShuttK@msx.dept-med.pitt.edu; desedamd@hotmail.com; jorl@cdc.gov; jwt0@cdc.gov; bap4@cdc.gov; dba4@cdc.gov OI Shutt, Kathleen/0000-0003-3376-6152 NR 39 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 96 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.07.001 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 964MY UT WOS:000231886400006 PM 16083836 ER PT J AU Schoolwerth, AC Engelgau, MM Hostetter, TH AF Schoolwerth, AC Engelgau, MM Hostetter, TH TI A public health action plan is needed for chronic kidney disease SO ADVANCES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE LA English DT Article DE kidney disease; public health; surveillance; prevention; outcomes; end-stage renal disease ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; URINARY ALBUMIN EXCRETION; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; UNITED-STATES; CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; US POPULATION; PROGRESSION; RISK; MICROALBUMINURIA AB In 2005, chronic kidney disease (CKD) meets all criteria for classification as a public health problem in the United States. It imposes a large burden on society that is increasing despite ongoing efforts to control the disease. The burden is unevenly distributed by race and economic status, whereas evidence suggests that preventive strategies could substantially reduce the burden. Finally, there are indications that such strategies are not yet in place. A broad and coordinated public health approach to the burgeoning health, economic, and societal challenges of CKD is needed to complement present clinical approaches, increase awareness, promote early detection, and facilitate prevention and treatment. (c) 2005 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Sect Hypertens & Nephrol, Hanover, NH USA. NIDDKD, Natl Kidney Dis Educ Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Schoolwerth, AC (reprint author), 1 Med Ctr Dr,2M, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. EM anton.c.schoolwerth@hitchcock.org NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1548-5595 J9 ADV CHRONIC KIDNEY D JI Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 12 IS 4 BP 418 EP 423 DI 10.1053/a.ackd.2005.07.012 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 974YJ UT WOS:000232627000012 PM 16198282 ER PT J AU Weinbaum, CA Sabin, KM Santibanez, SS AF Weinbaum, CA Sabin, KM Santibanez, SS TI Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV in correctional populations: a review of epidemiology and prevention SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on HIV/Hepatitis C Co-Infection - Impact on Nervous System Disease Burden CY OCT 02-03, 2003 CL Bethesda, MD SP NIH DE prison; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; HIV; inmates; epidemiology; prevention; hepatitis B vaccination; review ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; MALE PRISON-INMATES; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; SYPHILIS; FACILITIES; MARYLAND AB The 2 million persons incarcerated in US prisons and jails are disproportionately affected by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV, with prevalences of infection two to ten times higher than in the general population. Infections are largely due to sex- and drug-related risk behaviors practised outside the correctional setting, although transmission of these infections has also been documented inside jails and prisons. Public health strategies to prevent morbidity and mortality from these infections should include hepatitis B vaccination, HCV and HIV testing and counseling, medical management of infected persons, and substance abuse treatment in incarcerated populations. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weinbaum, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cweinbaum@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT PY 2005 VL 19 SU 3 BP S41 EP S46 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000192069.95819.aa PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 988DF UT WOS:000233570900008 PM 16251827 ER PT J AU Zaidi, IF Crepaz, N Song, RG Wan, CK Lin, LS Hu, DJ Sy, FS AF Zaidi, IF Crepaz, N Song, RG Wan, CK Lin, LS Hu, DJ Sy, FS TI Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS among Asians and Pacific Islanders in the United States SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; SAN-FRANCISCO; AMERICAN MEN; SEX; PREVENTION; AIDS; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; COLOR AB Although the percentage of overall AIDS diagnoses remains low among Asian and Pacific Islanders (APIs) in the United States compared with other racial/ethnic groups, research on API risk behaviors and health status suggest that the low number of AIDS cases may not provide a full picture of the epidemic and issues faced by this understudied and underserved population. Data from national HIV/AIDS surveillance systems and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were examined to delineate the magnitude and course of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among APIs in the United States. Same-sex sexual activity is the main HIV risk for API men, whereas heterosexual contact is for API women. APIs are significantly less likely to report being tested for HIV despite the fact that a similar proportion of APIs and other racial/ethnic groups reported having HIV risk in the past 12 months. Given the enormous diversity among APIs in the United States it is important to collect detailed demographic information to improve race/ethnicity and HIV risk classification, conduct better behavioral and disease monitoring for informing prevention planning, and addressing cultural, linguistic, economic and legal barriers to HIV prevention among APIs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Aids Program, Surveillance & Infrastruct Dev Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIH, Natl Ctr Minor Hlth & Hlth Disparities, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Zaidi, IF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Aids Program, Surveillance & Infrastruct Dev Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM IZaidi@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 17 IS 5 BP 405 EP 417 DI 10.1521/aeap.2005.17.5.405 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 977WS UT WOS:000232834800002 PM 16255637 ER PT J AU Choi, KH Operario, D Gregorich, SE McFarland, W MacKellar, D Valleroy, L AF Choi, KH Operario, D Gregorich, SE McFarland, W MacKellar, D Valleroy, L TI Substance use, substance choice, and unprotected anal intercourse among young Asian American and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HIV RISK; DRUG-USE; SAN-FRANCISCO; GAY MEN; AMPHETAMINE; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; BEHAVIORS; COMMUNITY AB Substance use has been shown to be an important factor associated with having unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) men who have sex with men (MSM). However, little is known about which substances are used in conjunction with sexual activity and whether having UAI varies by substance choice in this population. From January 2000 to September 2001, we sampled API MSM aged 18-29 years from 30 gay-identified venues in San Francisco, California, and interviewed 496 API men face-to-face using a standardized questionnaire. Overall, 47% of the sample reported UAI in the past 6 months. During the same time period, 32% and 34% reported being "high" or "buzzed" on alcohol and drugs during sex, respectively. The most common drugs used in conjunction with sex were methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy"; 19%), followed by marijuana (14%), inhalant nitrites ("poppers"; 11 %), and crystal methamphetamine ("crystal"; 10%). In a multivariate model, we observed associations between UAI and being high or buzzed on ecstasy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37,5.02) and poppers during sex (OR = 3.29; 95% CI = 1.50, 7.25). However, being high or buzzed on alcohol, marijuana, gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), and crystal methamphetamine during sex had no association with UAI. One third of sampled young API MSM used drugs or alcohol during sex. The co-occurrence of ecstasy and popper use and unprotected sex underscores the need to develop HIV prevention programs focusing on particular drugs. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Choi, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, 50 Beale St,Suite 1300, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM khchoi@psg.ucsf.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU 906255] NR 32 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 17 IS 5 BP 418 EP 429 DI 10.1521/aeap.2005.17.5.418 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 977WS UT WOS:000232834800003 PM 16255638 ER PT J AU Steain, MC Wang, B Yang, CF Shi, YP Nahlen, B Lal, RB Saksena, NK AF Steain, MC Wang, B Yang, CF Shi, YP Nahlen, B Lal, RB Saksena, NK TI HIV type 1 sequence diversity and dual infections in Kenya SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; RECOMBINANTS; GENOME AB As vertical transmission of HIV-1 is an ongoing problem in East Africa, we analyzed HIV-1 strains of infected mothers, from Kisumu, Kenya. We sequenced the gag and gp120 regions from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 15 HIV-infected mothers attending an antenatal clinic. PCR, cloning, bootscanning, using the program Simplot, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to assign subtypes and identify recombinants. Our analyses showed two dual infections from patients who had infections with pure subtypes and recombinants subtype D. In addition, we also noted the presence of subsubtype A1 and A2, as well as unique recombinants in this area. These results imply that the HIV epidemic in western Kenya is a dynamic one and is continually evolving. Therefore, continued monitoring of the epidemic in this region is necessary if a vaccine for the area is to be developed. C1 Westmead Millennium Inst, Ctr Virus Res, Retroviral Genet Lab, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Saksena, NK (reprint author), Westmead Millennium Inst, Ctr Virus Res, Retroviral Genet Lab, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. EM nitin_saksena@wmi.usyd.edu.au RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 21 IS 10 BP 882 EP 885 DI 10.1089/aid.2005.21.882 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 979SN UT WOS:000232965200008 PM 16225416 ER PT J AU Goff, DC Massing, MW Bertoni, AG Davis, J Ambrosius, WT McArdle, J Duren-Winfield, V Sueta, CA Croft, JB AF Goff, DC Massing, MW Bertoni, AG Davis, J Ambrosius, WT McArdle, J Duren-Winfield, V Sueta, CA Croft, JB TI Enhancing quality of heart failure care in managed Medicare and Medicaid in North Carolina: Results of the North Carolina Achieving Cardiac Excellence (NC ACE) Project SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; ELDERLY PATIENTS; BETA-BLOCKERS; OLDER-ADULTS; MORTALITY; UNDERUTILIZATION; MORBIDITY; BENEFICIARIES; POPULATION; INHIBITORS AB Objectives To evaluate an intervention to improve the quality of care of patients with heart failure in managed Medicare and Medicaid plans in North Carolina. Background Utilization of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-1) and beta-aclrenergic receptor blockers (BB) in heart failure (HF) patients remains suboptimal despite evidence-based guidelines supporting their use. Methods Managed care plans identified adult patients with HF during 2000 (preintervention) and from July 1, 2001, through June 30, 2002 (postintervention). Outpatient medical records were reviewed to obtain data regarding type of heart failure, demographics, comorbidities, and therapies. The intervention consisted of guideline summary dissemination, performance audit with feedback, patient-specific chart reminders, and patient activation mailings. Results We sampled 1613 patients from 5 plans during the preintervention period and 1528 patients during the postintervention period. Assessment of left ventricular function (LVF) increased from 88.2% to 92.5% of patients (P <.0001). Among patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction, there was no substantive change in treatment with ACE-1 or vasodilators, whereas, appropriate treatment with BB increased from 48.3% (with another 11.9% with documented contra indications) to 67.9% (with another 7.5% with documented contraindications). The quality gap decreased from 39.8% to 24.6% (P <.0001). Conclusion LVF assessment improved despite high preintervention rates. Treatment rates with ACE-I and vasodilators remained high, but did not improve. Treatment rates with BB improved substantially translating into a significant public health benefit. Health-care payers should consider development of financial incentives to encourage collaborative quality improvement programs. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Med Review N Carolina, Hlth Care Payment Assessment Dept, Cary, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goff, DC (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM dgoff@wfubmc.edu OI Duren-Winfield, Vanessa/0000-0003-4336-0324 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 150 IS 4 BP 717 EP 724 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.12.025 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 979NY UT WOS:000232953300019 PM 16209973 ER PT J AU Samoff, E Koumans, EH Markowitz, LE Sternberg, M Sawyer, MK Swan, D Papp, JR Black, CM Unger, ER AF Samoff, E Koumans, EH Markowitz, LE Sternberg, M Sawyer, MK Swan, D Papp, JR Black, CM Unger, ER TI Association of Chlamydia trachomatis with persistence of high-risk types of human papillomavirus in a cohort of female adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference of the Centers-for-Disease-Control-and-Prevention-Epidemic-Intelligence-Service CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Epidem Intelligence Serv DE adolescent; Chlamydia trachomatis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; longitudinal studies; papillomavirus; human; sexually transmitted diseases; Trichomonas vaginalis; vaginosis; bacterial ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; GENITAL HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; NATURAL-HISTORY; YOUNG-WOMEN; INFECTION; CANCER; POPULATION; HPV AB Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary but not sufficient cause of cervical cancer. While chlamydia infection has been associated with cervical cancer, the meaning of this association remains unclear. The authors' objective was to investigate this association by evaluating whether concurrent genital tract infections are associated with HPV persistence, a precursor to cervical cancer. Interview data and biologic samples for HPV, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and bacterial vaginosis testing were collected from female adolescents in an Atlanta, Georgia, longitudinal cohort study at 6-month visits (1999-2003). Associations with persistence (detection of the same HPV type at two sequential visits (visit pair)) were assessed among subjects with 2-5 visits and >= 6 months of follow-up. Associations were evaluated by logistic regression using methods for correlated data. Type-specific persistence of high-risk HPV types was detected in 77 of 181 (43%) analyzed visit pairs. Concurrent infection with C. trachomatis was independently associated with persistence of high-risk HPV types (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 4.1). Infection with more than one HPV type at the initial visit was also associated with high-risk persistence (adjusted odds ratio = 2.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.6, 4.9). The association between chlamydia infection and cervical cancer may be due to an effect of chlamydia infection on persistence of high-risk HPV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Samoff, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM erika.samoff@gmail.com OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 40 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 7 BP 668 EP 675 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi262 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 967PE UT WOS:000232102900009 PM 16120706 ER PT J AU Macaluso, M Lawson, ML Warner, DL AF Macaluso, M Lawson, ML Warner, DL TI The use of prostate-specific antigen as a criterion for condom effectiveness - Macaluso et al. reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID FEMALE CONDOM; INTERCOURSE; FAILURE; SEMEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RP Macaluso, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 162 IS 7 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi267 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 967PE UT WOS:000232102900014 ER PT J AU Malone, DC Hutchins, DS Haupert, H Hansten, P Duncan, B Van Bergen, RC Solomon, SL Lipton, RB AF Malone, DC Hutchins, DS Haupert, H Hansten, P Duncan, B Van Bergen, RC Solomon, SL Lipton, RB TI Assessment of potential drug-drug interactions with a prescription claims database SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article DE age; anticoagulants; antifungals; antiinflammatory agents; antipsychotic agents; cyclosporine; drug interactions; immunosuppressive agents; interventions; pharmacy benefit management companies; pimozide; prescriptions; rifamycins; toxicity; warfarin ID DIGOXIN TOXICITY; ELDERLY-PATIENTS; CLARITHROMYCIN; PATIENT; PREVENTION; RISK; CARE; RECOGNITION; THERAPY; ALERTS AB Purpose. The prevalence of 25 clinically important potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in a population represented by the drug claims database of a pharmacy benefit management company (PBM) was studied. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of pharmaceutical claims for almost 46 million participants in a PBM was conducted to determine the frequency of 25 DDIs previously identified as clinically important. A DDI was counted when drugs in potentially interacting combinations were dispensed within 30 days of each other during a 25-month period between April 2000 and June 2002. Result's. The number of DDIs ranged from 37 for pimozide and an azole antifungal to 127,684 for warfarin and a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). The highest prevalence (278.56 per 100,000 persons) and highest case-exposure rate (242.7 per 1,000 warfarin recipients) occurred with the warfarin-NSAID combination. The combination with the lowest overall, prevalence (cyclosporine and a rifamycin, 0.10/100,000) differed from the combination with the lowest case-exposure rate (pimozide and an azole antifungal, 0.028 per 1,000 azole antifungal recipients). Number of cases, prevalence, and case-exposure rates for both sexes generally increased with age. An estimated 374,000 plan participants were exposed to a clinically important DDI during a 25-month period. Between 20% and 46% of prescription drug claims were reversed (canceled) for a medication with a drug interaction when a warning about the interaction was sent to the pharmacy. Conclusion. Analysis of prescription claims data from a major PBM found that 374,000 of 46 million plan participants had been exposed to a potential DDI of clinical importance. C1 Univ Arizona, Coll Pharm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Pharm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Div Finance & Operat, Reisterstown, MD USA. Ctr Healthier Aging, Elkridge, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Malone, DC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Pharm, 1703 E Mabel, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM malone@pharmacy.arizon.edu NR 46 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 62 IS 19 BP 1983 EP 1991 DI 10.2146/ajhp040567 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 970XY UT WOS:000232346900015 PM 16174833 ER PT J AU Mullooly, JP Valanis, B Maher, JE Vuckovic, NA Slepack, J Cooksey, SG Easter, K Stevens, NH Irwin, K Dixon, J Anderson, LA AF Mullooly, JP Valanis, B Maher, JE Vuckovic, NA Slepack, J Cooksey, SG Easter, K Stevens, NH Irwin, K Dixon, J Anderson, LA CA CPS Workgroup Collaborators TI Improving services for sex partners of Chlamydia-infected patients in an HMO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID NOTIFICATION; STRATEGIES; CARE AB Objective: To improve services for sex partners of chlamydia-infected patients (ie, chlamydia partner services [CPS]) at an HMO. Study Design: Assessment of current CPS policy, practices, and opinions in Kaiser Permanente Northwest Region (KPNW) and in local health departments, and design, implementation, and evaluation of 4 CPS interventions. Methods: We reviewed KPNW policy documents, conducted focus groups with KPNW clinicians, and did phone interviews with KPNW chlamydia-infected patients and health department disease intervention specialists. We then implemented 3 informational interventions: CPS information was added to the after-visit summary given to patients tested for chlamydia; information on how to test, treat, and counsel chlamydia-infected patients was added to KPNW's electronic clinical-decision tool; and CPS information and a direct link to KPNW's chlamydia screening and treatment guidelines were added to KPNW's Web site. We also organized training for KPNW clinicians to review the roles of CPS and disease intervention specialists. We evaluated intervention uptake and impact by reviewing electronic medical charts, Web site "hits," and post-training evaluations. Results: Clinicians and disease intervention specialists reported that KPNW's CPS policy and the roles of disease intervention specialists regarding KPNW patients were unclear. Clinicians and patients wanted more CPS information. Clinicians commonly used the after-visit summary and Web-based CPS information and reported that training improved CPS knowledge. However, none used the clinical-decision tool. Conclusions: Several simple, centralized informational interventions to improve CPS were feasible and used by KPNW clinicians. These interventions could potentially be used in other settings structured like KPNW. C1 Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR 97227 USA. Multnomah Cty Hlth Dept, Program Design & Evaluat Serv, Portland, OR USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. NW Permanente, Phys & Surg PC, Portland, OR USA. Kaiser Permanente NW Reg, Prevent Syst & Hlth Syst, Portland, OR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mullooly, JP (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 USA. EM john.mullooly@kp.org NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 609 EP 618 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 975XY UT WOS:000232698600002 PM 16232002 ER PT J AU Lum, F Jones, JL Holland, GN Liesegang, TJ AF Lum, F Jones, JL Holland, GN Liesegang, TJ TI Survey of ophthalmologists about ocular toxoplasmosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL REASSESSMENT; MEMORIAL-LECTURE; MANAGEMENT; DISEASE AB PURPOSE: To investigate the number of patient visits to ophthalmologists in the United States that are associated with ocular toxoplasmosis, and to assess ophthalmologists' knowledge and treatment practices with regard to the disease. DESIGN: Written survey. METHODS: A random sample of 1000 US ophthalmologists was surveyed by mail in early 2002 by a questionnaire that was developed to collect information about physician demographics, and with regard to toxoplasmosis, number of patients seen, management practices, and knowledge about pathogenesis and risk factors. RESULTS: Among 478 respondents (48%), 261 (55%) indicated that they had seen one or more patients thought to have active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in the prior 2 years, and 445 (93%) indicated that they had seen one or more patients with inactive retinochoroidal scars thought to be inactive toxoplasmosis in the prior 2 years. There was a diversity of opinions regarding topics, including the timing of infection and risk factors for ocular involvement. Many ophthalmologists expressed uncertainty about questions regarding the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular toxoplasmosis is associated with a substantial number of patient visits in the United States each year. A variable understanding of the disease indicates a need for continuing medical education regarding ocular toxoplasmosis. C1 Amer Acad Ophthalmol, San Francisco, CA 94109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Ocular Inflammatory Dis Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Mayo Clin, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RP Lum, F (reprint author), Amer Acad Ophthalmol, 655 Beach St, San Francisco, CA 94109 USA. EM flum@aao.org OI Liesegang, Thomas/0000-0002-7212-7276 NR 7 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 140 IS 4 BP 724 EP 726 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 975YD UT WOS:000232699100024 PM 16226526 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Ikeda, RM Gieseker, KE Mendelsohn, AB Saydah, SH Curry, CW Yuan, JW AF Thacker, SB Ikeda, RM Gieseker, KE Mendelsohn, AB Saydah, SH Curry, CW Yuan, JW TI The evidence base for public health - Informing policy at the centers for disease control and prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SERVICES; REVIEWS; TRIALS AB Background: As part of a major re-examination of its organization, in 2004, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assessed the evidence base for the effectiveness of population-based public health intervention programs. Methods: For the leading causes of disease, injury, and disability, evidence was systematically reviewed for modifiable risk factors and their attributable fractions, and for public health interventions and their preventable fractions. Results: For 31 conditions, 194 modifiable risk factors were identified, and attributable fractions were found for 65 (33.5%). For 137 (70.6%) of the risk factors, 702 population-based interventions were found. Preventable fractions were found for 31 (4.4%) of the interventions. Conclusions: Despite considerable information about both modifiable risk factors and interventions designed to reduce the risks of the major causes of disease, injury, and disability, the evidence base that describes the effectiveness of these interventions is limited. The CDC is committed to support research that will set priorities for program development and identify effective public health interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Career Dev Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Presidential Management Fellow Program, Off Strategy & Innovat, Atlanta, GA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, MS E94, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sbtl@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.ampre.2005.05.007 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 968UL UT WOS:000232187900011 PM 16168874 ER PT J AU Satterfield, D DeBruyn, LM AF Satterfield, D DeBruyn, LM TI The malignment of metaphor - Silos revisited - Repositories and sanctuaries for these times SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Nat Diabet Wellness Program, Atlanta, GA 30304 USA. RP Satterfield, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Nat Diabet Wellness Program, 2858 Woodcock Blvd,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30304 USA. EM dxs9@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 240 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.005 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 968UL UT WOS:000232187900013 PM 16168876 ER PT J AU Naimi, TS Brown, DW Brewer, RD AF Naimi, TS Brown, DW Brewer, RD TI Cardiovascular risk factors and confounders among nondrinking and moderate-drinking US adults - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID HORMONE-THERAPY; DISEASE; HEART C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Naimi, TS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM tnaimi@post.harvard.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 243 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.05.006 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 968UL UT WOS:000232187900017 ER PT J AU Ely, JJ Dye, B Frels, WI Fritz, J Gagneux, P Khun, HH Switzer, WM Lee, DR AF Ely, JJ Dye, B Frels, WI Fritz, J Gagneux, P Khun, HH Switzer, WM Lee, DR TI Subspecies composition and founder contribution of the captive US chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE D-loop; hypervariable region 1 (HVR-I); control region; mitochondrial DNA; genetic management; intraspecific variation; mtDNA; phylogeny ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NUCLEOTIDE DIVERSITY; NUCLEAR INTEGRATIONS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; VIRUS-INFECTION; HEPATITIS-B; GENUS PAN; GENOME; SEQUENCES; HUMANS AB Chimpanzees are presently classified into three subspecies: Pan troglodytes verus from west Africa, P.t. troglodytes from central Africa, and P.t. schweinfurthii from east Africa. A fourth subspecies (P.t. vellerosus), from Cameroon and northern Nigeria, has been proposed. These taxonomic designations are based on geographical origins and are reflected in sequence variation in the first hypervariable region (HVR-1) of the mtDNA D-loop. Although advances have been made in our understanding of chimpanzee phylogenetics, little has been known regarding the subspecies composition of captive chimpanzees. We sequenced part of the mtDNA HVR-1 region in 218 African-born population founders and performed a phylogenetic analysis with previously characterized African sequences of known provenance to infer subspecies affiliations. Most founders were P.t. verus (95.0%), distantly followed by the troglodytes/schweinfurthii clade (4.6%), and a single P.t. vellerosus (0.4%). Pedigree-based estimates of genomic representation in the descendant population revealed that troglodytes/schweinfurthii founder representation was reduced in captivity, vellerosus representation increased due to prolific breeding by a single male, and reproductive variance resulted in uneven representation among male P.t.verus founders. No increase in mortality was evident from between-subspecies interbreeding, indicating a lack of outbreeding depression. Knowledge of subspecies and their genomic representation can form the basis for phylogenetically informed genetic management of extant chimpanzees to preserve rare genetic variation for research, conservation, or possible future breeding. C1 Alamogordo Primate Facil, Holloman AFB, NM 88330 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, New York, NY USA. BIOQUAL Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Primate Fdn Arizona, Mesa, AZ USA. Zool Soc San Diego, Div Ecol & Evolut, Arnold & Mabel Beckman Ctr Conversat Res, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ely, JJ (reprint author), Alamogordo Primate Facil, Bldg 1303,POB 986, Holloman AFB, NM 88330 USA. EM jely@criver.com NR 84 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 223 EP 241 DI 10.1002/ajp.20179 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 981CH UT WOS:000233064300004 PM 16229023 ER PT J AU Khan, AJ Simard, EP Bower, WA Wurtzel, HL Khristova, M Wagner, KD Arnold, KE Nainan, OV LaMarre, M Bell, BP AF Khan, AJ Simard, EP Bower, WA Wurtzel, HL Khristova, M Wagner, KD Arnold, KE Nainan, OV LaMarre, M Bell, BP TI Ongoing transmission of hepatitis B virus infection among inmates at a state correctional facility SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ANTIGEN; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USE; PREVALENCE; PRISON; HEALTH AB Objectives. We sought to determine hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection prevalence, associated exposures, and incidence among male inmates at a state correctional facility. Methods. A cross-sectional serological survey was conducted in June 2000, and susceptible inmates were retested in June 2001. Results. At baseline, 230 inmates (20.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 18.2%, 22.9%) exhibited evidence of HBV infection, including 11 acute and 11 chronic infections. Inmates with HBV infection were more likely than susceptible inmates to have injected drugs (38.8% vs 18.0%; adjusted prevalence odds ratio [OR] = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.9, 4.9), to have had more than 25 female sex partners (27.7% vs 17.5%; adjusted prevalence OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.4, 3.0), and to have been incarcerated for more than 14 years (38.4% vs 17.6%; adjusted prevalence OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1, 2.6). One year later, 18 (3.6%) showed evidence of new HBV infection. Among 19 individuals with infections, molecular analysis identified 2 clusters involving 10 inmates, each with a unique HBV sequence. Conclusions. We documented ongoing HBV transmission at a state correctional facility. Similar transmission may occur at other US correctional facilities and could be prevented by vaccination of inmates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Dept Correct, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvhwi@cdc.gov RI Simard, Edgar/G-4552-2010 OI Simard, Edgar/0000-0001-8093-2067 NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2005 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1793 EP 1799 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.047753 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 968QD UT WOS:000232176200030 PM 16186457 ER PT J AU MacNeil, JR Lobato, MN Moore, M AF MacNeil, JR Lobato, MN Moore, M TI An unanswered health disparity: Tuberculosis among correctional inmates, 1993 through 2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-STATE; PRISON SYSTEM; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; JAIL; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; COMMUNITY; ASSOCIATION AB Objectives: We sought to describe disparities and trends in tuberculosis (TB) risk factors and treatment outcomes between correctional inmate and noninmate populations. Methods: We analyzed data reported to the national TB surveillance system from 1993 through 2003. We compared characteristics between inmate and noninmate men aged 15-64 years. Results: Of the 210976 total US TB cases, 3.8% (7820) were reported from correctional systems. Federal and state prison case rates were 29.4 and 24.2 cases per 100000 inmates, respectively, which were considerably higher than those in the noninmate population (6.7 per 100000 people). Inmates with TB were more likely to have at least 1 TB risk factor compared with noninmates (60.1% vs 42.0%, respectively) and to receive directly observed therapy (65.0% vs 41.0%, respectively); however, they were less likely to complete treatment (76.8% vs 89.4%, respectively). Among inmates, 58.9% completed treatment within 12 months compared with 73.2% of noninmates. Conclusions: Tuberculosis case rates in prison systems remain higher than in the general population. Inmates with TB are less likely than noninmates to complete treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP MacNeil, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2005 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1800 EP 1805 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.055442 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 968QD UT WOS:000232176200031 PM 16186458 ER PT J AU Hopkins, DR Ruiz-Tiben, E Downs, P Withers, PC Maguire, JH AF Hopkins, DR Ruiz-Tiben, E Downs, P Withers, PC Maguire, JH TI Dracunculiasis eradication: The final inch SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB This report summarizes the status of the Dracunculiasis Eradication Program as of early 2005. Nine of the 20 countries that were endemic for this disease when the program began have already interrupted transmission, Asia is free of Guinea worm, and five of the remaining disease-endemic countries reported less than 50 cases each in 2004. Ghana and Sudan each reported 45% of the 16,026 cases in 2004. Except for Sudan, whose reports are delayed, cases in the remaining disease-endemic countries were reduced by 61% during the first quarter of 2005 compared with the same period of 2004. With accelerating momentum towards zero cases in all countries, the recent settlement of Sudan's north-south civil war, and a new challenge grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the way now seems clear to finish eradicating dracunculiasis by 2009 in Sudan and earlier elsewhere. C1 Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hopkins, DR (reprint author), Carter Ctr, 453 Freedon Pkwy, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. EM sdsulli@emory.edu NR 7 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 73 IS 4 BP 669 EP 675 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 973UR UT WOS:000232548600006 PM 16222007 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Galland, GG Barnwell, JW Udhayakumar, V Sullivan, JS Nace, D Tongren, JE Williams, T Roberts, J Shi, YP Lal, AA AF Collins, WE Galland, GG Barnwell, JW Udhayakumar, V Sullivan, JS Nace, D Tongren, JE Williams, T Roberts, J Shi, YP Lal, AA TI Preliminary observations on the efficacy of a recombinant multistage Plasmodium falciparum vaccine in Aotus Nancymai monkeys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; ERYTHROCYTE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; NONIONIC BLOCK-COPOLYMER; SANTA-LUCIA STRAIN; EL-SALVADOR STRAIN; T-CELL EPITOPES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; DIFFERENT ANOPHELINES; HUMAN MALARIA; I-STRAIN AB A vaccine trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of a multicomponent candidate vaccine, FALVAC-1, against Plasmodium falciparum in Aotus nancymai monkeys. After two immunizations, animals were challenged intravenously with parasites of the Vietnam Oak Knoll (FVO) strain of P. falciparum. The primary outcome was to determine the protective response of the monkeys to immunization with the FALVAC-1 antigen produced in baculovirus when combined with different adjuvants (alum, QS-21, ASO2a, CRL1005/oil, and CRL1005/saline) as compared with FALVAC-1 with FCA/FIA and antigen alone. When compared with the monkeys immunized with FALVAC-1 alone, FALVAC-1 with FCA/FIA reduced the mean parasite count (to Day 14), reduced the mean accumulated parasitemia (through Day 11), and extended the number of days to treatment. None of the other 5 antigen-adjuvant combinations were able to provide discernable levels of protection based on log(parasitemia) and log(cumulative parasitemia) to Day 11. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mail Stop F-124,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 73 IS 4 BP 686 EP 693 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 973UR UT WOS:000232548600009 PM 16222010 ER PT J AU Friedman, JF Kwena, AM Mrel, LB Kariuki, SK Terlouw, DJ Phillips-Howard, PA Hawley, WA Nahlen, BL Shi, YP Ter Kuile, FO AF Friedman, JF Kwena, AM Mrel, LB Kariuki, SK Terlouw, DJ Phillips-Howard, PA Hawley, WA Nahlen, BL Shi, YP Ter Kuile, FO TI Malaria and nutritional status among pre-school children: Results from cross-sectional surveys in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TREATED BED NETS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; AFRICAN CHILDREN; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; GROWTH; AREA; TRANSMISSION AB Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affects millions of children in the developing world. The relationship between malaria and PEM is controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether undernutrition is associated with increased or decreased malaria attributable morbidity. Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) among children aged 0-36 months living in an area with intense malaria transmission. Data were collected on nutritional status, recent history of clinical illness, socioeconomic status, current malaria infection status, and hemoglobin. In multivariate models, stunted children had more malaria parasitemia (odds ratio [OR] 1.98, P < 0.0001), high-density parasitemia (OR 1.84; P < 0.0001), clinical malaria (OR 1.77; P < 0.06), and severe malarial anemia (OR 2.65; P < 0.0001) than nonstunted children. The association was evident in children with mild-to-moderate (-3 < height-for-age Z-score [HAZ] < -2) and severe stunting (HAZ < -3). The cross-sectional nature of the study limits the interpretation of causality, but the data provide further observational support that the presence of undernutrition, in particular chronic undernutrition, places children at higher, not lower risk of malaria-related morbidity. C1 Brown Univ, Int Hlth Inst, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Pediat, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Pediat, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Moi Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med Biochem, Eldoret, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Friedman, JF (reprint author), Brown Univ, Int Hlth Inst, Box G-B495, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Jennifer_Friedman@Brown.edu OI Friedman, Jennifer/0000-0001-5804-9921 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23AI52125] NR 49 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 73 IS 4 BP 698 EP 704 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 973UR UT WOS:000232548600011 PM 16222012 ER EF