FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Barnwell, JW AF Barnwell, JW TI Malaria: death and disappearing erythrocytes SO BLOOD LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANEMIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barnwell, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 3 BP 854 EP 855 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 007TC UT WOS:000234991600009 ER PT J AU Eheman, CR Benard, VB Blackman, D Lawson, HW Anderson, C Helsel, W Lee, NC AF Eheman, CR Benard, VB Blackman, D Lawson, HW Anderson, C Helsel, W Lee, NC TI Breast cancer screening among low-income or uninsured women: Results from the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program, July 1995 to March 2002 (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; mammography; screening ID MAMMOGRAPHY; DENSITY; AGE AB Objective To describe the results of breast cancer screening among low-income and uninsured women in the only national organized screening program in the US, the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP). Methods We analyzed mammography and diagnostic follow-up data for 789,647 women who received their first mammogram in the NBCCEDP and 454,754 subsequent mammograms among these women. We calculated the rate of mammograms with abnormal findings, diagnostic follow-up, biopsy, and cancers detected per 1000 mammograms by age and racial or ethnic groups. Positive Predictive Values (PPVs) were estimated for abnormal mammograms and biopsy. Results Nearly 64% of the women screened in the program were from 50 to 64 years of age and about 46% were members of racial or ethnic minority groups. Women aged 40 to 49 years had the highest rates of abnormal mammograms and of diagnostic follow-up. However, cancer detection rates were highest in women aged 60 to 64 years. In addition, the PPVs for both abnormal mammograms and biopsy were highest in the oldest age group. Conclusions Cancer detection rates and PPVs for both abnormal mammograms and biopsy were highest in women aged 50 years or more. These results support the programs focus on screening women aged 50 and older for breast cancer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. RP Eheman, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-55,NCCDPHP,CDC,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cre1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD FEB PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s10552-005-4558-y PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 005MB UT WOS:000234825600005 PM 16411050 ER PT J AU Tsai, CJ Herrera-Goepfert, R Tibshirani, RJ Yang, SF Mohar, A Guarner, J Parsonnet, J AF Tsai, CJ Herrera-Goepfert, R Tibshirani, RJ Yang, SF Mohar, A Guarner, J Parsonnet, J TI Changes of gene expression in gastric preneoplasia following Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID ACID-BINDING PROTEINS; EP-CAM; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INTESTINAL METAPLASIA; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; CDNA MICROARRAY; HIGH-RISK; CARCINOMA AB Helicobacter pylori causes gastric preneoplasia and neoplasia. Eradicating H. pylori can result in partial regression of preneoplastic lesions; however, the molecular underpinning of this change is unknown. To identify molecular changes in the gastric mucosa following H. pylori eradication, we used cDNA microarrays (with each array containing similar to 30,300 genes) to analyze 54 gastric biopsies from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of H. pylori therapy. The 54 biopsies were obtained from 27 subjects (13 from the treatment and 14 from the placebo group) with chronic gastritis, atrophy, and/or intestinal metaplasia. Each subject contributed one biopsy before and another biopsy 1 year after the intervention. Significant analysis of microarrays (SAM) was used to compare the gene expression profiles of pre-intervention and post-intervention biopsies. In the treatment group, SAM identified 30 genes whose expression changed significantly from baseline to 1 year after treatment (0 upregulated and 30 down-regulated). In the placebo group, the expression of 55 genes differed significantly over the 1-year period (32 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated). Five genes involved in cell-cell adhesion and lining (TACSTD1 and MUC13), cell cycle differentiation (S100A10), and lipid metabolism and transport (FABP1 and MTP) were downregulated over time in the treatment group but up-regulated in the placebo group. Immunohistochemistry for one of these differentially expressed genes (FABP1) confirmed the changes in gene expression observed by microarray. In conclusion, H. pylori eradication may stop or reverse ongoing molecular processes in the stomach. Further studies are needed to evaluate the use of these genes as markers for gastric cancer risk. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Stat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Inst Nacl Cancerol, Unidad Invest Biomed Canc, Tlalpan, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Parsonnet, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Grant Bldg S156, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM parsonnt@stanford.edu RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [R03 CA103492, CA67488, CA10349-02] NR 48 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 272 EP 280 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0362 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 015YJ UT WOS:000235587200012 PM 16492915 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Weihe, P Davis, MD Needham, LL Grandjean, P AF Barr, DB Weihe, P Davis, MD Needham, LL Grandjean, P TI Serum polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine insecticide concentrations in a Faroese birth cohort SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE PCB; organochlorine; DDE; serum; Faroe Islands; children; breastfeeding; blubber ID MATERNAL SEAFOOD DIET; BREAST-CANCER; HUMAN-MILK; HALF-LIFE; EXPOSURE; PCBS; PESTICIDES; CHILDREN; MERCURY; BIOMAGNIFICATION AB A prospective birth cohort of 1022 participants was established in the Faroe Islands over a 21-month period during 1986-1987. We collected questionnaire data on potential persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentration predictors, such as duration of breastfeeding and blubber consumption. To assess the participants' exposure from in utero to 14 years of age to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the insecticide p,p'-DDT and its primary degradate p,p'-DDE, we measured 37 PCB congeners and pesticides in 316 umbilical cord samples taken from participants at birth, in 124 serum samples collected from participants at approximately 7 years of age, and in 795 serum samples collected from participants at 14 years of age. Measurements of higher chlorination PCB congeners made on individuals' serum samples collected at 7 years and 14 years were highly correlated (typically r > 0.5, p > 0.01), although their concentrations at 7 years were generally two to three times higher than at 14 years. Similarly, umbilical cord PCB concentrations were correlated with PCB concentrations in both 7- and 14-year serum samples. Sex-specific differences in higher chlorination PCB and p,p'-DDE concentrations were found at 14 years but not at 7 years, although a sex interaction with blubber consumption and nursing duration was observed at both ages. Both duration of breastfeeding and consumption of blubber were significant predictors of serum Sigma PCB concentrations at 7 and 14 years. Multivariate analyses showed that breastfeeding duration was the primary contributor to serum Sigma PCB concentrations at 7 years, and blubber consumption was the primary contributor at 14 years. These data suggest that infant exposures from breastfeeding were sufficiently large so that continued exposures to PCBs, p,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDE through the diet have not fully diluted their contribution to the Sigma PCB and p,p'-DDE body burden of the children. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Faroese Hlth Care Syst, Torshavn, Faroe Isl, Denmark. Univ So Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, Odense, Denmark. Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Grandjean, Philippe/0000-0003-4046-9658 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09797] NR 50 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2006 VL 62 IS 7 BP 1167 EP 1182 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.063 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 019SO UT WOS:000235857200015 PM 16169054 ER PT J AU Sunenshine, RH McDonald, LC AF Sunenshine, RH McDonald, LC TI Clostridium difficile-associated disease: New challenges from an established pathogen SO CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID TERM-CARE FACILITY; PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS; RISK-FACTORS; DIARRHEA; INFECTION; METRONIDAZOLE; TOXIN; ACQUISITION; VANCOMYCIN; MORTALITY AB Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) can range from uncomplicated diarrhea to sepsis and even death. CDAD rates and severity are increasing, possibly due to a new strain. Transmission of C difficile occurs primarily in health care facilities via the fecal-oral route following transient contamination of the hands of health care workers and patients; contamination of the patient care environment also plays an important role. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmcdonald1@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 10 PU CLEVELAND CLINIC PI CLEVELAND PA 9500 EUCLID AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA SN 0891-1150 J9 CLEV CLIN J MED JI Clevel. Clin. J. Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 187 EP 197 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 010HE UT WOS:000235177400013 PM 16478043 ER PT J AU Kimberly, MM Vesper, HW Caudill, SP Ethridge, SF Archibold, E Porter, KH Myers, GL AF Kimberly, MM Vesper, HW Caudill, SP Ethridge, SF Archibold, E Porter, KH Myers, GL TI Variability among five over-the-counter blood glucose monitors SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE variability; glucose; diabetes mellitus; self-monitoring of blood glucose; analysis of variance ID QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS; WHOLE-BLOOD; DEVICES; METERS AB Background: The American Diabetes Association recommends that people with diabetes use self-monitoring to control their blood glucose concentration. To assess the need for standardization, we evaluated the variability among 5 of the most common monitors: MediSense(R) Precision Xtra(TM), Ascencia(TM) Dex(R), Prestige Smart System(TM), OneTouch(R) Ultra(R), and Accu-Chek(R) Advantage(R). Methods: We took steps to minimize preanalytical variation. We also eliminated user variability by using one trained operator to collect samples and perform all testing. Each monitor was used twice with each participant; one test was performed. using an aged strip and the other using a fresh strip. We compared monitors using a separate ANOVA for each concentration range and strip lot. Results: The total CVs and the within-strip lot CVs were not statistically different among monitors, ranging from 3.1% to 11.3% and from 2.1% to 8.5%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences among monitors for among-strip lot CVs, which ranged from nearly 0% to 7.5%. The degree of significance increased as the concentration range increased [3.9-5.5 mmol/l: p < 0.05; 5.6-7.7 mmol/l: p = 0.003; 7.8-11.1 mmol/l: p < 0.001]. The average percent difference between monitor pairs was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in more than half of the paired comparisons, with significant differences ranging from 5.7% to 32.0%. Conclusions: Monitor results can vary significantly so that agreement among them is poor. Standardization is necessary to minimize variability and to improve patient care. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Int Med Press, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kimberly, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mkimberly@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD FEB PY 2006 VL 364 IS 1-2 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2005.07.027 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 012YM UT WOS:000235376800036 PM 16143321 ER PT J AU Romero-Steiner, S Frasch, CE Carlone, G Fleck, RA Goldblatt, D Nahm, MH AF Romero-Steiner, S Frasch, CE Carlone, G Fleck, RA Goldblatt, D Nahm, MH TI Use of opsonophagocytosis for serological evaluation of pneurnococcal vaccines SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; FUNCTIONAL ANTIBODIES; KILLING ASSAY; POLYSACCHARIDES; COLONIES; INFANTS C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, S Mimms, Herts, England. UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. RP Nahm, MH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. EM nahm@uab.edu RI Goldblatt, David/C-5972-2008; OI Goldblatt, David/0000-0002-0769-5242; Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768; Nahm, Moon/0000-0002-6922-1042 NR 17 TC 91 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1128/CVI.13.2.165-169.2006 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 015GG UT WOS:000235539300001 PM 16467321 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, D Chertow, D AF Van Sickle, D Chertow, D TI Inappropriate reference intervals for carboxyhemoglobin at some Florida hospitals SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Bur Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Van Sickle, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvansickle@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 52 IS 2 BP 338 EP 338 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2005.061911 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 008VU UT WOS:000235069600034 PM 16449226 ER PT J AU Marin, M Nguyen, HQ Langidrik, JR Edwards, R Briand, K Papania, MJ Seward, JF LeBaron, CW AF Marin, M Nguyen, HQ Langidrik, JR Edwards, R Briand, K Papania, MJ Seward, JF LeBaron, CW TI Measles transmission and vaccine effectiveness during a large outbreak on a densely populated island: Implications for vaccination policy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EFFICACY; CHILDREN; INFANTS; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNITY; RESPONSES; MOTHERS; FIELD AB Background. The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a South Pacific nation freely associated with the United States. In 2003, the RMI experienced the largest measles outbreak within the United States or its associated areas for more than a decade, although the reported coverage of 1-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine was 80%-93%. The outbreak ended only after vaccination of 135,000 persons among a population of 51,000. Of outbreak cases, 41% were reported to have been previously vaccinated. We studied measles attack rates in RMI households to assess vaccine effectiveness and patterns of disease transmission. Methods. For the household secondary attack rate study, households were selected by convenience sampling of outbreak measles cases. The primary case was defined as the first person with measles in a household. Secondary cases were household members with measles onset 7-18 days after the primary case's rash onset. Vaccine effectiveness analysis was limited to children aged 6 months to 14 years, with vaccination status verified against written records. Results. Seventy-two households were included in the study. The median household size was 11 persons, and the median number of persons per room was 5.5. Secondary cases were more likely than primary cases to be infants (46% vs. 13%;). MMR vaccine effectiveness was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67%-98%) Pp. 03 for 1 dose and 95% ( 95% CI, 82%-98%) for 2 doses. Conclusions. Measles vaccine effectiveness was high; thus, diminished effectiveness was not the main cause of the outbreak. In communities with high population density and household crowding, very high population immunity is needed to prevent measles outbreaks and to protect infants below the age of vaccination. This may require excellent implementation of a routine 2-dose measles vaccination strategy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Majuro, Marshall Island. RP Marin, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmarin@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1086/498902 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 999QD UT WOS:000234404100001 PM 16392073 ER PT J AU Nandy, R Handzel, T Zaneidou, M Biey, J Coddy, RZ Perry, R Strebel, P Cairns, L AF Nandy, R Handzel, T Zaneidou, M Biey, J Coddy, RZ Perry, R Strebel, P Cairns, L TI Case-fatality rate during a measles outbreak in eastern Niger in 2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE EXPOSURE; VACCINE EFFICACY; RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY; COMMUNITY; INFECTION; DEATHS; IMPACT; AREA; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background. The World Health Organization ( WHO) estimates that the case-fatality rate (CFR) for measles in West Africa is 4%-6%. In Niger, 50,138 measles cases and 201 deaths (CFR, 0.4%) were reported in 2003. We conducted an investigation to determine the epidemiology and the true CFR of measles in the Mirriah district in Niger. Methods. Twenty-two villages from the Mirriah district that reported measles cases in 2003 were included in the investigation. A comprehensive household search for measles cases and deaths was conducted, and serum samples from 12 villages were collected for laboratory confirmation. A measles case was defined as illness characterized by fever, rash, and either cough, coryza, or conjunctivitis, with rash onset during the period from 1 January 2003 to 15 April 2003. Deaths occurring within 30 days after rash onset were attributed to measles unless they were obviously due to other causes. Results. Measles was confirmed serologically in all villages from which samples were collected. Of 945 case patients identified, 900 (95.2%) were aged < 15 years, 114 (12.3%) were vaccinated, and 789 (83.5%) sought treatment at a health care facility. A total of 92 deaths were attributed to measles (CFR, 9.7%; 95% confidence interval, 7.9%-11.5%). The CFR was highest in infants aged < 1 year (15.6%). Households with >= 2 case patients had a higher CFR (10.8%) than that of households with only 1 case patient (6.0%). Households consisting of >= 8 members had a CFR of 12.8%, whereas the CFR of smaller households was 7.1%. Conclusions. This investigation suggests that the measles CFR in the Mirriah district may be 2-fold higher than the WHO regional estimate and 20-fold higher than the estimate derived from routine surveillance. Reducing measles mortality in Niger will require wide-age-range vaccination campaigns, improvement in routine immunization services, and periodic "follow-up" campaigns. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergencies & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Niamey, Niger. Minist Sante Publ, Direct Surveillance & Controle Epidemiol, Niamey, Niger. RP Cairns, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kfc4@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1086/499240 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 999QD UT WOS:000234404100003 PM 16392075 ER PT J AU Beatty, ME Adcock, PM Smith, SW Quinlan, K Kamimoto, LA Rowe, SY Scott, K Conover, C Varchmin, T Bopp, CA Greene, KD Bibb, B Slutsker, L Mintz, ED AF Beatty, ME Adcock, PM Smith, SW Quinlan, K Kamimoto, LA Rowe, SY Scott, K Conover, C Varchmin, T Bopp, CA Greene, KD Bibb, B Slutsker, L Mintz, ED TI Epidemic diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background. In June 1998, we investigated one of the largest foodborne outbreaks of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli gastroenteritis reported in the United States. Methods. We conducted cohort studies of 11 catered events to determine risk factors for illness. We used stool cultures, polymerase chain reaction, and serologic tests to determine the etiologic agent, and we conducted an environmental inspection to identify predisposing conditions and practices at the implicated establishment. Results. During 5-7 June, the implicated delicatessen catered 539 events attended by 116,000 people. Our epidemiological study of 11 events included a total of 612 attendees. By applying the median prevalence of illness (20%) among events with ill attendees to the total number of events with any ill attendees, we estimate that at least 3300 persons may have developed gastroenteritis during this outbreak. Multiple food items (potato salad, macaroni salad, egg salad, and watermelon) were associated with illness, all of which required extensive handling during preparation. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli serotype O6:H16 producing heat-labile and heat-stable toxins was isolated from the stool specimens from 11 patients. Eight patients with positive stool culture results, 11 (58%) of 19 other symptomatic attendees, and 0 (0%) of 17 control subjects had elevated serum antibody titers to E. coli O6 lipopolysaccharide. The delicatessen had inadequate hand-washing supplies, inadequate protection against back siphonage of wastewater in the potable water system, a poorly draining kitchen sink, and improper food storage and transportation practices. Conclusions. In the United States, where enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is an emerging cause of foodborne disease, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli should be suspected in outbreaks of gastroenteritis when common bacterial or viral enteric pathogens are not identified. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Cook Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Beatty, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbeatty@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1086/499246 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 999QD UT WOS:000234404100004 PM 16392076 ER PT J AU Mitchell, SJ Engelman, J Kent, CK Lukehart, SA Godornes, C Klausner, JD AF Mitchell, SJ Engelman, J Kent, CK Lukehart, SA Godornes, C Klausner, JD TI Azithromycin-resistant syphilis infection: San francisco, California, 2000-2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID 23S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MACROLIDE RESISTANCE; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; INCUBATING SYPHILIS; SECONDARY SYPHILIS; MASS TREATMENT; CONSUMPTION; BENZATHINE; PENICILLIN AB Background. The incidence of syphilis has been increasing in the United States since reaching a nadir in 2000. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that treatment with oral azithromycin may be useful for syphilis control. After reports of azithromycin treatment failures in San Francisco, we investigated the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients with syphilis due to azithromycin-resistant Treponema pallidum infection. Methods. We reviewed city-wide case reports and conducted molecular screening for patients seen at the San Francisco metropolitan STD clinic (San Francisco City Clinic) to identify patients who did not respond to azithromycin treatment for syphilis or who were infected with azithromycin-resistant T. pallidum. We conducted an epidemiologic investigation and retrospective case-control study to identify risk factors for acquiring syphilis due to azithromycin-resistant T. pallidum. Results. From January 2000 through December 2004, molecular screening of 124 samples identified 46 azithromycin-resistant T. pallidum isolates and 72 wild-type T. pallidum isolates. Six instances of treatment failure were identified through record review. In total, we identified 52 case patients (one of whom had 2 episodes) and 72 control patients. All case patients were male and either gay or bisexual, and 31% (16 of 52) were infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Investigation of patient-partner links and a retrospective case-control study did not reveal a sexual network or demographic differences between cases and controls. However, 7 case patients had recently used azithromycin, compared with 1 control patient. Surveillance data demonstrated that azithromycin-resistant T. pallidum prevalence increased from 0% in 2000 to 56% in 2004 among syphilis cases observed at the San Francisco City Clinic. Conclusions. Azithromycin-resistant T. pallidum is widespread in San Francisco. We recommend against using azithromycin for the management of syphilis in communities where macrolide-resistant T. pallidum is present and recommend active surveillance for resistance in sites where azithromycin is used. C1 STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. RP Klausner, JD (reprint author), STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, 1360 Miss St,Ste 401, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. EM jeff.klausner@sfdph.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 42143, AI 34616] NR 37 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1086/498899 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 999QD UT WOS:000234404100006 PM 16392078 ER PT J AU Ijaz, K Jereb, JA Lambert, LA Bower, WA Spradling, PR McElroy, PD Iademarco, MF Navin, TR Castro, KG AF Ijaz, K Jereb, JA Lambert, LA Bower, WA Spradling, PR McElroy, PD Iademarco, MF Navin, TR Castro, KG TI Severe or fatal liver injury in 50 patients in the United States taking rifampin and pyrazinamide for latent tuberculosis infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ISONIAZID-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; HIV-INFECTION; HEPATOTOXICITY; EXPERIENCE; THERAPY; PREVENTION; FULMINANT; PROGRAM; RATES AB Background. Severe liver injuries were attributed to the rifampin and pyrazinamide (RZ) regimen after it was recommended for treating latent tuberculosis infection. Implicating RZ as the likeliest cause required excluding alternative causes. Methods. US health departments reported data on patients who died or were hospitalized for liver disease within 1 month after taking RZ for latent tuberculosis infection from October 1998 through March 2004. The circumstances were investigated on site for each case. Illness characteristics, reasons for RZ treatment, doses and frequency of administration of pyrazinamide, monitoring during treatment, and causes of liver injury were determined. Results. Liver injury was attributable to RZ use for all 50 patients reported, 12 of whom died. For 47 patients, RZ was the likeliest cause of liver injury. The median patient age was 44 years (range, 17-73 years). Thirty-two patients (64%) were male. Seven (16%) of 43 patients tested had hepatitis C virus antibodies, 1 ( 2%) of 45 had chronic hepatitis B, 3 (14%) of 22 had positive results of HIV serologic tests, 34 (71%) of 48 had alcohol use noted, and 33 (66%) of 50 were taking additional hepatotoxic medications. Six patients, 2 of whom died, had no predictors for liver disease. Patients who died were older (median age, 52 vs. 42 years;) and took a greater Pp. 08 number of other medications (median number of medications, 4 vs. 2;) than did those who recovered, Pp. 05 but these 2 factors were correlated (P <.01). Thirty-one patients (62%) were monitored according to guidelines, 9 of whom died. Conclusions. RZ was the likeliest cause of most of these liver injuries, some of which were fatal in spite of monitoring. Fatality was predicted by age or use of other medications, but none of the cofactors showed promise as a reliable clinical predictor of severe liver injury. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ijaz, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human, 1600 Clifton Rd,E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kijaz@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 346 EP 355 DI 10.1086/499244 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 999QD UT WOS:000234404100007 PM 16392079 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Edwards, JR Tenover, FC McDonald, LC Horan, T Gaynes, R AF Klevens, RM Edwards, JR Tenover, FC McDonald, LC Horan, T Gaynes, R CA Natl Nosocomial Infections Surve TI Changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units in US hospitals, 1992-2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STRAINS; STATES; TRANSMISSION; EMERGENCE AB The proportion of Staphylococcus aureus isolates that were methicillin resistant (MRSA) increased from 35.9% in 1992 to 64.4% in 2003 for hospitals in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system. During the same period, there was a decrease in resistance rates for several non-beta-lactam drugs among the MRSA isolates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmk2@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 330 Z9 340 U1 0 U2 13 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 389 EP 391 DI 10.1086/499367 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 999QD UT WOS:000234404100015 PM 16392087 ER PT J AU Peterson, HB Curtis, KM AF Peterson, HB Curtis, KM TI The World Health Organization's global guidance for family planning: An achievement to celebrate SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Peterson, HB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 113 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.008 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 011FC UT WOS:000235252500001 PM 16413841 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Chrisman, CE Mohllajee, AP Peterson, HB AF Curtis, KM Chrisman, CE Mohllajee, AP Peterson, HB TI Effective use of hormonal contraceptive - Part I: Combined oral contraceptive pills SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE contraception; time factors; follicular development; ovulation; systematic review ID PITUITARY-OVARIAN AXIS; FREE INTERVAL; FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT; ETHINYL ESTRADIOL; DELIBERATE OMISSION; QUICK START; OVULATION; CYCLES; CONSEQUENCES; INITIATION AB This systematic review examines evidence regarding when during the menstrual cycle a woman can initiate combined oral contraceptive (COC) use and what can be done if a woman misses COCs. We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for articles published from 1966 to March 2005 related to COC initiation and to the effects of late or missed COCs. We identified I I studies related to COC initiation and 25 studies related to the effects of missed pills. Evidence from these studies suggested that taking hormonally active pills for 7 consecutive days prevents normal ovulation and that initiating COCs through Day 5 of the menstrual cycle suppresses follicular activity. Studies on the effects of missed COCs generally showed that the risk of ovulation is greatest when the pill-free interval lasts >7 days. Limitations of this body of evidence include small sample sizes that may not reflect variation in larger populations, lack of a standard measurement of ovulation and difficulty in discerning how ovulation resulting from late or missed COCs corresponds to the risk of conception. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.003 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 011FC UT WOS:000235252500002 PM 16413842 ER PT J AU Chrisman, CE Curtis, KM Mohllajee, AP Gaffield, ME Peterson, HB AF Chrisman, CE Curtis, KM Mohllajee, AP Gaffield, ME Peterson, HB TI Effective use of hormonal contraceptives Part II: combined hormonal injectables, progestogen-only injectables and contraceptive implants SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE contraception; evidence-based review; time factors; follicular development; ovulation ID DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; CERVICAL-MUCUS; ESTRADIOL-CYPIONATE; PROVERA USERS; 25 MG; INJECTION; RETURN; OVULATION; ONSET AB Our objective in this systematic review was to evaluate evidence regarding controversial issues in the clinical management of women using injectable and implantable contraceptives. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for reports of primary research, published from 1966 through April 2005 in peer-reviewed journals, related to the initiation of combined or progestogen-only injectables and contraceptive implants, the effects of late contraceptive injections or the duration of levonorgestrel implant effectiveness. Results of the studies we reviewed showed that initiating injectable and implantable contraceptives through day 7 of the menstrual cycle suppresses follicular activity. Time to ovulation after study participants discontinued using injectables varied widely: from 4 to 8 weeks after the last administration of combined injectables, from 15 to 49 weeks after the last injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and from 5 to 19 weeks after the last injection of norethisterone enanthate. Norplant implants left in place for up to seven completed years remained effective among women who weighed <70 kg at the time of implant insertion, but their effectiveness decreased among women weighing ! 70 kg. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.004 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 011FC UT WOS:000235252500003 PM 16413843 ER PT J AU Gaffield, ME Curtis, KM Mohllajee, AP Peterson, HB AF Gaffield, ME Curtis, KM Mohllajee, AP Peterson, HB TI Medical eligibility criteria for new contraceptive methods: combined hormonal patch, combined hormonal vaginal ring and the etonogestrel implant SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE evidence-based guidelines; combined hormonal patch; combined hormonal vaginal ring; etonogestrel implant ID CYCLE CONTROL; ORTHO EVRA(TM)/EVRA(TM); LIPID-METABOLISM; PHARMACOKINETICS; EFFICACY; IMPLANON((R)); ETHINYLESTRADIOL; ESTRADIOL; SAFETY; NORELGESTROMIN AB To review evidence on the combined hormonal patch, combined hormonal vaginal ring and the etonogestrel implant, with a focus on safety and effectiveness of use among women with special health conditions, we searched MEDLINE, Pre-MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library for reports published from 1980 through March 2005. Articles eligible for review included I I on the hormonal patch, nine on the hormonal ring, and 11 on the etonogestrel implant. Limited evidence suggests patch efficacy is lower among women >90 kg. No evidence was identified for vaginal ring use among women with medical conditions. A single small study found that etonogestrel implants had no adverse effects on bone mineral density among women 18-40 years old. Limited evidence also suggests no adverse effects of the etonogestrel implant on lactation parameters or infant development among users enrolled 28 to 56 days postpartum and followed for 4 months. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gaffield, ME (reprint author), WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM gaffieldm@who.int NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.002 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 011FC UT WOS:000235252500004 PM 16413844 ER PT J AU Mohllajee, AP Curtis, KM Peterson, HB AF Mohllajee, AP Curtis, KM Peterson, HB TI Does insertion and use of an intrauterine device increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease among women with sexually transmitted infection? A systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE intrauterine device; sexually transmitted infection; pelvic inflammatory disease; systematic review ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; EFFICACY AB Concerns exist as to whether the insertion of copper and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs) increases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) among women with sexually transmitted infection (STI). We searched the MEDLINE database for all articles published between January 1966 and March 2005 that included evidence relevant to IUDs and STIs and PID. None of the studies that examined women with STIs compared the risk of PID between those with insertion or use of an IUD and those who had not received an IUD. We reviewed indirect evidence from six prospective studies that examined women with insertion of a copper IUD and compared risk of PID between those with STIs at the time of insertion with those with no STIs. These studies suggested that women with chlamydial infection or gonorrhea at the time of IUD insertion were at an increased risk of PID relative to women without infection. The absolute risk of PID was low for both groups (0-5% for those with STIs and 0-2% for those without). (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.007 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 011FC UT WOS:000235252500005 PM 16413845 ER PT J AU Mohllajee, AP Curtis, KM Martins, SL Peterson, HB AF Mohllajee, AP Curtis, KM Martins, SL Peterson, HB TI Hormonal contraceptive use and risk of sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE hormonal contraception; sexually transmitted infections; systematic review ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; GENITAL-TRACT INFECTION; SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-2; ACTIVE TEENAGE GIRLS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; CERVICAL INFECTION AB Previous research has suggested that hormonal contraceptive users, compared with nonusers, may be at increased risk for acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for all articles from January 1966 through February 2005 for evidence relevant to all hormonal contraceptives and STIs (including cervical chlamydial and gonococcal infection, human papillomavirus, trichomoniasis, herpes and syphilis). We used standard abstract forms and grading systems to summarize and assess the quality of 83 identified studies. Studies of combined oral contraceptive and depot medroxyprogesterone use generally reported positive associations with cervical chlamydial infection, although not all associations were statistically significant. For other STIs, the findings suggested no association between hormonal contraceptive use and STI acquisition, or the results were too limited to draw any conclusions. Evidence was generally limited in both amount and quality, including inadequate adjustment for confounding, lack of appropriate control groups and small sample sizes. The observed positive associations may be due to a true association or to bias, such as differential exposure to STIs by contraceptive use or increased likelihood of STI detection among hormonal contraceptive users. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 93 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 154 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.012 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 011FC UT WOS:000235252500006 PM 16413846 ER PT J AU Mohllajee, AP Curtis, KM Martins, SL Peterson, HB AF Mohllajee, AP Curtis, KM Martins, SL Peterson, HB TI Does use of hormonal contraceptives among women with thrombogenic mutations increase their risk of venous thromboembolism? A systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE oral contraceptives; venous thromboembolism; thrombogenic mutations; evidence-based guidelines ID FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; PLASMA PROTHROMBIN LEVELS; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; G20210A MUTATION; HEALTHY POPULATION; PROTEIN-C; CARRIERS; GENE; THROMBOPHILIA AB Because use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) confers some risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), there is concern that this effect may be greater among women with thrombogenic mutations. We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for all articles published from January 1966 through September 2004 for evidence relevant to hormonal contraception and thrombogenic mutations. Of 301 articles identified by the search strategy, 16 evaluated COCs, and no studies were found for other hormonal methods. We used standard abstract forms and grading systems to summarize and assess the quality of the evidence. A total of 10 studies together provided "good" evidence of a greater risk of VTE (risk ratios of 1.3-25.1) and cerebral vein or cerebral sinus thrombosis among COC users with factor V Leiden mutation when compared with nonusers who have the mutation. The evidence for prothrombin and other thrombogenic mutations was not as strong as for factor V Leiden mutation. It is unclear whether the type of COC or duration of use modifies the risk of VTE among women with thrombogenic mutations. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 166 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.011 PG 13 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 011FC UT WOS:000235252500007 PM 16413847 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Mohllajee, AP Martins, SL Peterson, HB AF Curtis, KM Mohllajee, AP Martins, SL Peterson, HB TI Combined oral contraceptive use among women with hypertension: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE combined oral contraceptives; hypertension; stroke; myocardial infarction; venous thromboembolism; systematic review ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MULTICENTER CASE-CONTROL; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; YOUNG-WOMEN; RISK-FACTOR; DISEASE; METAANALYSIS; THROMBOSIS; RATIO AB Women with hypertension are at increased risk for cardiovascular events. Combined oral contraceptive (COC) use, even among low-dose users, has been associated with a small excess risk for cardiovascular events among healthy women. In this systematic review, we examined cardiovascular risks among COC users with hypertension. After searching MEDLINE for all articles published from 1966 through February 2005 relevant to COC use, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, we identified 25 articles for this review. Overall, these studies showed that hypertensive COC users were at higher risk for stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than hypertensive non-COC users, but that they were not at higher risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Women who did not have their blood pressure measured before initiating COC use were at higher risk for ischemic stroke and AMI, but not for hemorrhagic stroke or VTE, than COC users who did not have their blood pressure measured. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.005 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 011FC UT WOS:000235252500008 PM 16413848 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Mohllajee, AP Peterson, HB AF Curtis, KM Mohllajee, AP Peterson, HB TI Use of combined oral contraceptives among women with migraine and nonmigrainous headaches: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE combined oral contraceptives; migraine; headache; stroke; systematic review ID ISCHEMIC-STROKE; YOUNG-WOMEN; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; RISK; METAANALYSIS AB This systematic review examines evidence evaluating whether women with headaches who use combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have a greater risk of stroke than women with headaches who do not use COCs. We searched MEDLINE for articles published from 1966 through March 2005 relevant to headaches and COC use as risk factors for stroke. Of the 79 articles identified, nine met our selection criteria (eight reports of six observational studies plus one meta-analysis). All studies reported specifically on migraine headaches. Evidence from six case-control studies suggested that COC users with a history of migraine were two to four times as likely to have an ischemic stroke as nonusers with a history of migraine. The odds ratios for ischemic stroke ranged from 6 to almost 14 for COC users with migraine compared with nonusers without migraine. The three studies that provided evidence on hemorrhagic stroke reported low or no risk associated with migraine or with COC use. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.009 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 011FC UT WOS:000235252500009 PM 16413849 ER PT J AU Legardy, JK Curtis, KM AF Legardy, JK Curtis, KM TI Progestogen-only contraceptive use among women with sickle cell anemia: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE sickle cell anemia; progestogen; contraception; systematic review ID DISEASE; PREGNANCY; ACETATE; IMPLANT AB The use of progestogen-only contraceptives among women with sickle cell anemia has generated concerns about possible hematological and other clinical complications. Based on the literature, we assessed whether use of progestogen-only contraceptives is associated with adverse health effects among women with sickle cell anemia. We searched the MEDLINE database for articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 1966 and September 2004 that were relevant to sickle cell anemia and use of progestogen-only contraceptives. Of the 70 articles identified through the search, 8 met the criteria for this review. These studies did not identify any adverse events or clinically or statistically significant adverse changes in hematological or biochemical parameters associated with the use of progestogen-only contraceptive methods. Six studies suggested that users experienced a decrease in clinical symptoms and less frequent and severe painful crises compared with nonusers. Although data are limited, these studies suggest that progestogen-only contraceptives are safe for women with sickle cell anemia. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Legardy, JK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlegardy@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.010 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 011FC UT WOS:000235252500010 PM 16413850 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Mohllajee, AP Peterson, HB AF Curtis, KM Mohllajee, AP Peterson, HB TI Regret following female sterilization at a young age: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE female sterilization; age; regret; systematic review ID TUBAL-STERILIZATION; RISK-FACTORS; WOMENS REGRET; REVERSAL; QUALITY AB Women who undergo sterilization may later regret this decision. This systematic review examines whether age at sterilization is associated with poststerilization regret. Using MEDLINE and EMBASE, we identified 19 articles that examined associations between women's age at sterilization and later regret, requests for sterilization reversal and undergoing sterilization reversal or requesting in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. Study results showed that the younger women were at the time of sterilization, the more likely they were to report regretting that decision. Women undergoing sterilization at the age 30 years or younger were about twice as likely as those over 30 to express regret. They were also from 3.5 to 18 times as likely to request information about reversing the procedure and about 8 times as likely to actually undergo reversal or an evaluation for IVF. Results of studies that examined risk by continuous age showed a consistent inverse relationship between women's age at sterilization and their likelihood of regretting having had the procedure. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.006 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 011FC UT WOS:000235252500011 PM 16413851 ER PT J AU Joesoef, MR Kahn, RH Weinstock, HS AF Joesoef, MR Kahn, RH Weinstock, HS TI Sexually transmitted diseases in incarcerated adolescents SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE incarcerated adolescents; juvenile corrections; screening; sexually transmitted disease ID PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; HEPATITIS-B; DETENTION; PREVALENCE; SYPHILIS; TRACHOMATIS; POPULATION AB Purpose of review The objectives of this review are to summarize recent developments in the epidemiology of sexually transmitted disease in incarcerated adolescents and to review screening and treatment recommendations for sexually transmitted disease in juvenile corrections facilities. Recent findings The introduction of non-invasive, urine-based nucleic acidamplification tests for chlamydia and gonorrhea has led to a dramatic increase in the ability to screen for chlamydia and gonorrhea in non-traditional settings, including corrections facilities. The prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhea has been uniformly high in incarcerated adolescents. The prevalences of chlamydia and gonorrhea in adolescents aged 18 - 19 years incarcerated in adult corrections facilities were higher than those incarcerated in juvenile facilities. The prevalence was higher in incarcerated adolescent women than adolescent men and in black adolescents than non-black adolescents. Screening for chlamydia in incarcerated adolescents has been shown to be a cost-effective strategy for preventing adverse health consequences. Syphilis prevalence in incarcerated adolescents is relatively low. Hepatitis B is relatively common among incarcerated adolescents. Summary The high prevalence of chlamydia in incarcerated adolescents and gonorrhea in incarcerated adolescent women suggests that screening of these populations should be a priority. The reasons for the higher prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhea in young adults aged 1819 years incarcerated in selected adult corrections facilities compared with those incarcerated in juvenile facilities should be investigated, Hepatitis B virus vaccination in juvenile correction facilities is recommended to prevent and control the transmission of this disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kahn, RH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, E02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rhk0@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 19 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1097/01.qco.0000199020.58075.1a PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 009EX UT WOS:000235095300008 PM 16374217 ER PT J AU McEwen, LN Kim, C Haan, M Ghosh, D Lantz, PM Mangione, CM Safford, MM Marrero, D Thompson, TJ Herman, WH AF McEwen, LN Kim, C Haan, M Ghosh, D Lantz, PM Mangione, CM Safford, MM Marrero, D Thompson, TJ Herman, WH CA TRIAD Study Grp TI Diabetes reporting as a cause of death - Results from the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MORTALITY; MELLITUS; HEALTH; CERTIFICATES; MORBIDITY; INDEX; MEN AB OBJECTIVE - To determine the frequency of reporting of diabetes on death certificates of decedents with known diabetes, define factors associated with reporting of diabetes, and describe trends in reporting over time. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Data were obtained from 11,927 participants with diabetes who were enrolled in the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes study, a multicenter prospective observational study of diabetes care in managed care. Data on decedents (n = 540) were obtained from the National Death Index. The primary dependent variable was the presence of ICD-10 codes for diabetes on the death certificate. Covariates included age at death, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, duration of diabetes, type of diabetes, diabetes treatment, smoking status, and number of comorbidities. RESULTS - Diabetes was recorded on 39% of death certificates and as the underlying cause of death for 10% of decedents with diabetes. Diabetes was significantly less likely to be reported on the death certificates of decedents with diabetes dying of cancer. Predictors of recording diabetes anywhere on the death certificate included longer duration of diabetes and insulin treatment. Longer duration of diabetes, insulin treatment, and fewer comorbidities were associated with recording of diabetes as the underlying cause of death. CONCLUSIONS - Diabetes is much more likely to be reported on the death certificates of diabetic individuals who die of cardiovascular causes Reporting of diabetes on death certificates has been stable over time. Death certificates underestimate the prevalence of diabetes among decedents and present a biased picture of the causes of death among people with diabetes. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Hlth Management & Policy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Deep S Ctr Effectiveness, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana Univ, Translat Res Ctr, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Michigan, Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NIDDK, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Herman, WH (reprint author), 1500 E Med Ctr Dr,3920 Taubman Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM wherman@umich.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P60 DK020572] NR 35 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-0998 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 011KJ UT WOS:000235266700011 PM 16443868 ER PT J AU Dabelea, D D'Agostino, RB Mayer-Davis, EJ Pettitt, DJ Imperatore, G Dolan, LM Pihoker, C Hillier, TA Marcovina, SM Linder, B Ruggiero, AM Hamman, RF AF Dabelea, D D'Agostino, RB Mayer-Davis, EJ Pettitt, DJ Imperatore, G Dolan, LM Pihoker, C Hillier, TA Marcovina, SM Linder, B Ruggiero, AM Hamman, RF CA SEARCH Diabetes Youth Study Grp TI Testing the accelerator hypothesis - Body size, beta-cell function, and age at onset of type 1 (autoimmune) diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID EARLIER ONSET; BIRTH-WEIGHT; ORAL INSULIN; CHILDHOOD; DIAGNOSIS; ISLETS; GAD65; MASS AB OBJECTIVE - The "accelerator hypothesis" predicts that fatness is associated with an earlier age at onset of type 1 diabetes. We tested the hypothesis using data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Subjects were 449 youth aged < 20 years at diagnosis who had positive results for diabetes antibodies measured 3-12 months after diagnosis (mean 7.6 months). The relationships between age at diagnosis and fatness were examined using BMI as measured at the SEARCH visit and reported birth weight, both expressed as SD scores (SDSs). RESULTS - Univariately, BMI SDS was not related to age at diagnosis. In multiple linear regression, adjusted for potential confounders, a significant interaction was found between BMI SDS and fasting C-peptide (FCP) on onset age (P < 0.0001). This interaction remained unchanged after additionally controlling for number and titers of diabetes antibodies. An inverse association between BMI and age at diagnosis was present only among subjects with FCP levels below the median (< 0.5 ng/ml) (regression coefficient - 7.9, P = 0.003). A decrease of 1 SDS in birth weight (639 g) was also associated with an similar to 5-month earlier age at diagnosis (P = 0.008), independent of sex, race/ethnicity, current BMI, FCP, and number of diabetes antibodies. CONCLUSIONS - increasing BMI is associated with younger age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes only among those U.S. youth with reduced beta-cell function. The intrauterine environment may also be an important determinant of age at onset of type 1 diabetes. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Sansum Med Res Fdn, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res NW Haw, Portland, OR USA. Univ Washington, NW Lipid Res Labs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Dabelea, D (reprint author), 4200 E 9th Ave,Box C245, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM dana.dabelea@uchsc.edu RI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/C-4060-2017 OI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/0000-0002-3550-8395 NR 24 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1339 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 011KJ UT WOS:000235266700018 PM 16443875 ER PT J AU Kimberly, MM Cooper, GR Myers, GL AF Kimberly, Mary M. Cooper, Gerald R. Myers, Gary L. TI An overview of inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes from the perspective of the clinical chemist SO DIABETES TECHNOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PUBLIC-HEALTH PRACTICE; ACUTE-PHASE PROTEINS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; UNSTABLE ANGINA; EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPLICATIONS AB C-reactive protein (CRP), when measured by a highly sensitive method, is a measure of low-grade, chronic inflammation and is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CRP also has the capacity to interact with other risk factors to increase the risk for T2D and CVD. Population distributions divided into tertiles provide the capacity to predict onset of T2D and associated CVD. Preanalytical as well as analytical sources of variation in high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) measurements need to be standardized in order for CRP results to be optimally useful. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association have issued guidelines for clinical usefulness of hsCRP measurements. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has taken steps to standardize hsCRP assays by evaluating secondary reference materials to be used by manufacturers to calibrate their assays. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kimberly, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F25,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mkimberly@cdc.gov RI Kim, Seongman/N-6910-2014 NR 60 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1520-9156 J9 DIABETES TECHNOL THE JI Diabetes Technol. Ther. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1089/dia.2006.8.37 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 110TY UT WOS:000242405200005 PM 16472049 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Wang, PM Archibold, E Prausnitz, MR Myers, GL AF Vesper, Hubert W. Wang, Ping M. Archibold, Enada Prausnitz, Mark R. Myers, Gary L. TI Assessment of trueness of a glucose monitor using interstitial fluid and whole blood as specimen matrix SO DIABETES TECHNOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY; MICRONEEDLES; COMPLICATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Background: Interstitial fluid (ISF) is a specimen of increasing interest for glucose measurements because it can be obtained in a minimally invasive manner. Our previous study showed that sufficient ISF can be obtained using microneedles to measure glucose with a conventional electrochemical glucose monitor. The aim of this study was to assess the trueness of this glucose monitor using split-sample comparison with whole blood. We used ISF as specimen and our gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method as reference. Methods: We obtained 50 ISF samples and 40 whole blood samples from hairless Sprague-Dawley rats and analyzed for glucose by both methods. Results: For whole blood, a non-significant bias of 5.7% (+/-2 SD: -54.9% to 66.3%) was determined. ISF glucose measurements showed a significant constant bias of 29.5% (+/- 2 SD: - 85.0% to 144%), which seems to be caused in part by the lack of red blood cells in ISF. The correlation coefficients were 0.782 and 0.679 for whole blood and ISF, respectively. Conclusions: The assessed electrochemical glucose monitor shows a close agreement with our GC/MS reference method for whole blood, for which this monitor was optimized. When glucose measurements are performed with ISF as matrix, the observed bias needs to be taken into consideration. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the reasons for the wide dispersion of data for ISF. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM HVesper@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1520-9156 J9 DIABETES TECHNOL THE JI Diabetes Technol. Ther. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.1089/dia.2006.8.76 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 110TY UT WOS:000242405200009 PM 16472053 ER PT J AU Chadha, MS Comer, JA Lowe, L Rota, PA Rollin, PE Bellini, WJ Ksiazek, TG Mishra, AC AF Chadha, MS Comer, JA Lowe, L Rota, PA Rollin, PE Bellini, WJ Ksiazek, TG Mishra, AC TI Nipah virus-assodiated encephalitis outbreak, Siliguri, India SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FLYING-FOXES; MALAYSIA; BANGLADESH; CAMBODIA AB During January and February 2001, an outbreak of febrile illness associated with altered sensorium was observed in Siliguri, West Bengal, India. Laboratory investigations at the time of the outbreak did not identify an infectious agent. Because Siliguri is in close proximity to Bangladesh, where outbreaks of Nipah virus (NiV) infection were recently described, clinical material obtained during the Siliguri outbreak was retrospectively analyzed for evidence of NiV infection. NiV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies were detected in 9 of 18 patients. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) assays detected RNA from NiV in urine samples from 5 patients. Sequence analysis confirmed that the PCR products were derived from NiV RNA and suggested that the NiV from Siliguri was more closely related to NiV isolates from Bangladesh than to NiV isolates from Malaysia. NiV infection has not been previously detected in India. C1 Natl Inst Virol, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mishra, AC (reprint author), Natl Inst Virol, 20-A Dr Ambedkar Rd, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India. EM acm1750@rediffmail.com NR 19 TC 191 Z9 210 U1 2 U2 15 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 011SC UT WOS:000235287400009 PM 16494748 ER PT J AU Demma, LJ McQuiston, JH Nicholson, WL Murphy, SM Marumoto, P Sengebau-Kingzio, JM Kuartei, S Durand, AM Swerdlow, DL AF Demma, LJ McQuiston, JH Nicholson, WL Murphy, SM Marumoto, P Sengebau-Kingzio, JM Kuartei, S Durand, AM Swerdlow, DL TI Scrub typhus, Republic of Palau SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; CHIGGERS AB Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a severe febrile illness transmitted to humans by trombiculid mites, which normally feed on rodents. The first known outbreak of scrub typhus in Palau occurred in 2001 to 2003 among residents of the remote southwest islands. To determine the extent of scrub typhus distribution in Palau, we tested serum samples from humans and rodents for antibodies to O. tsutsugamushi. Of 212 Palau residents surveyed in 2003, 101 (47.6%) had immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers >= 1:64, and 56 (26.4%) had concurrent IgG and IgM antibody titers >= 1:512 and 1:64, respectively. Of 635 banked serum samples collected from Palau residents in 1995, 34 (5.4%) had IgG antibody titers >= 1:64. Sera collected from rodents (Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) in 2003 and 2005 were tested, and 18 (28.6%) of 63 had IgG antibody titers >= 1:64. These findings suggest that scrub typhus is endemic in Palau. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne Dis Act Surveillance Network, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Br, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Koror, Palau. Dept Hlth Serv, Colonia, Micronesia. RP Demma, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne Dis Act Surveillance Network, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Br, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ldemma@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 290 EP 295 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 011SC UT WOS:000235287400018 PM 16494757 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Gibson, CJ Bresee, JS Glass, RI AF Parashar, UD Gibson, CJ Bresee, JS Glass, RI TI Rotavirus and severe childhood diarrhea SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; DISEASE; MORTALITY; DEATHS AB Studies published between 1986 and 1999 indicated that rotavirus causes approximate to 22% (range 17%-28%) of childhood diarrhea hospitalizations. From 2000 to 2004, this proportion increased to 39% (range 29%-45%). Application of this proportion to the recent World Health Organization estimates of diarrhea-related childhood deaths gave an estimated 611,000 (range 454,000-705,000) rotavirus-related deaths. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral Gastoenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch,Div Viral & Rickettsi, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral Gastoenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch,Div Viral & Rickettsi, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM uap2@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 888 Z9 993 U1 4 U2 30 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 304 EP 306 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 011SC UT WOS:000235287400020 PM 16494759 ER PT J AU Lembo, T Niezgoda, M Velasco-Villa, A Cleaveland, S Ernest, E Rupprecht, CE AF Lembo, T Niezgoda, M Velasco-Villa, A Cleaveland, S Ernest, E Rupprecht, CE TI Evaluation of a direct, rapid immunohistochemical test for rabies diagnosis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB A direct rapid immunohistochemical test (dRIT) was evaluated under field and laboratory conditions to detect rabies virus antigen in frozen and glycerol-preserved field brain samples from northwestern Tanzania. Compared to the direct fluorescent antibody test, the traditional standard in rabies diagnosis, the dRIT was 100% sensitive and specific. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Tanzania Wildlife Res Inst, Arusha, Tanzania. RP Niezgoda, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM man6@cdc.gov FU Wellcome Trust NR 7 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 310 EP 313 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 011SC UT WOS:000235287400022 PM 16494761 ER PT J AU de Moura, L Bahia-Oliveira, LMG Wada, MY Jones, JL Tuboi, SH Carmo, EH Ramalho, WM Camargo, NJ Trevisan, R Graca, RMT da Silva, AJ Moura, I Dubey, JP Garrett, DO AF de Moura, L Bahia-Oliveira, LMG Wada, MY Jones, JL Tuboi, SH Carmo, EH Ramalho, WM Camargo, NJ Trevisan, R Graca, RMT da Silva, AJ Moura, I Dubey, JP Garrett, DO TI Waterborne toxoplasmosis, Brazil, from field to gene SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RIO-DE-JANEIRO; DRINKING-WATER; GONDII OOCYSTS; CHICKENS; CATS; DNA AB Water was the suspected vehicle of Toxoplasma gondii dissemination in a toxoplasmosis outbreak in Brazil. A case-control study and geographic mapping of cases were performed. T gondii was isolated directly from the implicated water and genotyped as SAG 2 type I. C1 Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Ctr Biociencias & Biotecnol, Lab Biol Reconhecer, BR-28013600 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Minist Saude, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Secretaria Saude Estado Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Lab Cent Saude Publ, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bahia-Oliveira, LMG (reprint author), Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Ctr Biociencias & Biotecnol, Lab Biol Reconhecer, Av Alberto Lamego 2000, BR-28013600 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM lilian@uenf.br RI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/A-8464-2013; Massa Ramalho, Walter/E-4481-2016 OI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/0000-0003-3001-8079; Massa Ramalho, Walter/0000-0001-5085-5670 NR 15 TC 145 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 11 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 326 EP 329 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 011SC UT WOS:000235287400026 PM 16494765 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Host-pathogen-venue combinations and all that jazz SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 363 EP 364 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 011SC UT WOS:000235287400040 ER PT J AU Villarino, ME Bliven, EE AF Villarino, ME Bliven, EE TI Back to the future: Where now for antituberculosis drugs? SO ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; IN-VITRO ACTIVITIES; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MOXIFLOXACIN; AGENTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Villarino, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, NCHSTP, MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDICIONES DOYMA S/L PI BARCELONA PA TRAV DE GRACIA 17-21, 08021 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0213-005X J9 ENFERM INFEC MICR CL JI Enferm. Infec. Microbiol. Clin. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 24 IS 2 BP 69 EP 70 DI 10.1157/13085455 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 033KG UT WOS:000236845300001 PM 16545311 ER PT J AU Lu, CS Toepel, K Irish, R Fenske, RA Barr, DB Bravo, R AF Lu, CS Toepel, K Irish, R Fenske, RA Barr, DB Bravo, R TI Organic diets significantly lower children's dietary exposure to organophosphorus pesticides SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE children's pesticide exposure; chlorpyrifos; dietary pesticide exposure; malathion; organic diet; organophosphorus pesticides; urinary biomonitoring ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; WASHINGTON-STATE; CHLORPYRIFOS; URINE; 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDINOL; CANCER; URBAN; RISK AB We used a novel study design to measure dietary organophosphorus pesticide exposure in a group of 23 elementary school-age children through urinary biomonitoring. We substituted most of children's conventional diets with organic food items for 5 consecutive days and collected two spot daily urine samples., first-morning and before-bedtime voids, throughout the 15-day study period. We found that the median urinary concentrations of the specific metabolites for malathion and chlorpyrifos decreased to the nondetect levels immediately after the introduction of organic diets and remained nondetectable until the conventional diets were reintroduced. The median concentrations for other organophosphorus pesticide metabolites were also lower in the organic diet consumption days; however, the detection of those metabolites was not frequent enough to show any statistical significance. In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate that an organic diet provides a dramatic and immediate protective effect against exposures to organophosphorus pesticides that are commonly used in agricultural production. We also concluded that these children were most likely exposed to these organophosphorus pesticides exclusively through their diet. To our knowledge, this is the first study to employ a longitudinal design with a dietary intervention to assess children's exposure to pesticides. It provides new and persuasive evidence of the effectiveness of this intervention. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lu, CS (reprint author), 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Room 226, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM clu2@sph.emory.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 19 TC 156 Z9 164 U1 8 U2 38 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 114 IS 2 BP 260 EP 263 DI 10.1289/ehp.8418 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 010VP UT WOS:000235226300047 PM 16451864 ER PT J AU Turyk, M Anderson, HA Hanrahan, LP Falk, C Steenport, DN Needham, LL Patterson, DG Freels, S Persky, V AF Turyk, M Anderson, HA Hanrahan, LP Falk, C Steenport, DN Needham, LL Patterson, DG Freels, S Persky, V CA Great Lakes Consortium TI Relationship of serum levels of individual PCB, dioxin, and furan congeners and DDE with Great Lakes sport-caught fish consumption SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PCBs; dioxins; furans; DDE; great lakes fish consumption ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN BLOOD; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; DIBENZOFURANS; HUMANS; PCDFS; PCDDS AB Great Lakes (GL) Sport fish Consumption is a potential route of exposure for environmentally persistent organochlorine contaminants, which may have human health effects. In this report, relationships are explored among individual congeners in a large cohort of frequent and infrequent GL sport fish consumers. Blood samples were obtained in 1993-1995 and analyzed for 1,1-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene (DDE) and for 62 noncoplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 4 coplanar PCBs, 8 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin), and 10 dibenzofuran (furan) congeners. All GL fish eaters and referents had detectable levels of DDE, total noncoplanar PCBs, total coplanar PCBs, total dioxins, and total furans. Noncoplanar PCBs were higher in GL sport fish consumers than in a referent population from the same geographic area, were associated with GL sport-caught fish (GLSCF) consumption, and varied significantly by Great Lake. DDE, lower chlorinated dioxin and furan toxic equivalents (TEQs), and coplanar PCB TEQs were positively associated with noncoplanar PCBs but were not associated with GL sport fish consumption independent of PCB level. Highly chlorinated dioxin and furan congener TEQs were not significantly associated with noncoplanar PCBs or GL sport fish consumption, suggesting that participants were acquiring some of these TEQs from a source other than GLSCF. In epidemiologic studies, it may be important to include populations with higher organochlorine exposures as well as background exposures and to consider the effects of individual congeners or mixtures of congeners on health outcomes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Bur Environm Hlth, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Turyk, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, 1601 W Taylor St,Room 879,M-C923, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM mturyk1@uic.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 100 IS 2 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2005.04.005 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 012CS UT WOS:000235316400005 PM 15979066 ER PT J AU Causer, LM Handzel, T Welch, P Carr, M Culp, D Lucht, R Mudahar, K Robinson, D Neavear, E Fenton, S Rose, C Craig, L Arrowood, M Wahlquist, S Xiao, L Lee, YM Mirel, L Levy, D Beach, MJ Poquette, G Dworkin, MS AF Causer, LM Handzel, T Welch, P Carr, M Culp, D Lucht, R Mudahar, K Robinson, D Neavear, E Fenton, S Rose, C Craig, L Arrowood, M Wahlquist, S Xiao, L Lee, YM Mirel, L Levy, D Beach, MJ Poquette, G Dworkin, MS TI An outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis infection at an Illinois recreational waterpark SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; PARVUM; IDENTIFICATION; OOCYSTS; OZONE; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION; INACTIVATION; CHLORINE; SAMPLES AB Cryptosporidium has become increasingly recognized as a pathogen responsible for outbreaks of diarrhoeal illness in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. In August 2001, an Illinois hospital reported a cryptosporidiosis cluster potentially linked to a local waterpark. There were 358 case-patients identified. We conducted community-based and waterpark-based case-control studies to examine potential sources of the outbreak. We collected stool specimens from ill persons and pool water samples for microscopy and molecular analysis. Laboratory-confirmed case-patients (n = 77) were more likely to have attended the waterpark [odds ratio (OR) 16.0, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 3.8-66.8], had pool water in the mouth (OR 6.0, 95 % CI 1.3-26.8), and swallowed pool water (OR 4.5, 95 % CI 1.5-13.3) than age-matched controls. Cryptosporidium was found in stool specimens and pool water samples. The chlorine resistance of oocysts, frequent swimming exposures, high bather densities, heavy usage by diaper-aged children, and increased recognition and reporting of outbreaks are likely to have contributed to the increasing trend in number of swimming pool-associated outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis. Recommendations for disease prevention include alteration of pool design to separate toddler pool filtration systems from other pools. Implementation of education programmes could reduce the risk of faecal contamination and disease transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Tazewell Cty Hlth Dept, Tremont, IL USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Causer, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lsc6@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 134 IS 1 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1017/S0950268805004619 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 006SF UT WOS:000234916600019 PM 16409662 ER PT J AU Akpinar-Elci, M Fedan, KB Enright, PL AF Akpinar-Elci, M Fedan, KB Enright, PL TI FEV6 as a surrogate for FVC in detecting airways obstruction and restriction in the workplace SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE forced expiratory volume in six seconds; pulmonary function test; spirometry ID SPIROMETRY; STATEMENT; CRITERIA; QUALITY AB Compared with measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC), using the forced expiratory volume in six seconds (FEV6) reduces test time and frustration. It was hypothesised that using FEV6 in the workplace setting would result in an acceptably low misclassification rate for detecting airways obstruction and spirometry-defined restriction when compared with using the traditional FVC. Experienced technicians from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health performed spirometry using dry rolling-seal spirometers as per American Thoracic Society guidelines in four workplace investigations. Airways obstruction was defined as an FEV1/FVC % below the lower limit of normal (LLN) using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III reference equations. Restriction was defined as an FVC below the LLN with a normal FEV1/FVC %. These "gold standard" definitions were compared with definitions based on FEV6 (obstruction: FEV1/FEV6 below the LLN; restriction: FEV6 below the LLN with a normal FEV1/FEV6). The median (range) age of the 1,139 workers was 37 yrs (18-71 yrs) and 51.4% were male. A significantly high overall agreement was obtained between the two definitions. In conclusion, the current results confirm that forced expiratory volume in six seconds can be used as a surrogate for forced vital capacity in detecting airways obstruction and restriction in workers, although with some misclassification when compared to obtaining American Thoracic Society-acceptable manoeuvres of longer duration. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, Field Studies Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Resp Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Akpinar-Elci, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, Field Studies Branch, Mail Stop H-2800,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM melci@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 374 EP 377 DI 10.1183/09031936.06.00081305 PG 4 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 009XW UT WOS:000235147900022 PM 16452595 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Dowling, APG Dasch, GA AF Reeves, WK Dowling, APG Dasch, GA TI Rickettsial agents from parasitic Dermanyssoidea (Acari : Mesostigmata) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anaplasma; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Bartonella; Mesostigmata; Spinturnix psi; Wolbachia ID MOLECULAR-DETECTION; INFECTIONS; ARTHROPODS; MITES; DNA AB Mites are often overlooked as vectors of pathogens, but have been shown to harbor and transmit rickettsial agents such as Rickettsia akari and Orientia tsutsugamushi. We screened DNA extracts from 27 mites representing 25 species of dermanyssoids for rickettsial agents such as Anaplasma, Bartonella, Rickettsia, and Wolbachia by PCR amplification and sequencing. DNA from Anaplasma spp., a novel Bartonella sp., Spiroplasma sp., Wolbachia sp., and an unclassified Rickettsiales were detected in mites. These could represent mite-borne bacterial agents, bacterial DNA from blood meals, or novel endosymbionts of mites. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cui8@cdc.gov OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 21 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2-3 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s10493-006-0007-1 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 030GE UT WOS:000236621600007 PM 16596351 ER PT J AU Rose, CE Hall, DB Shiver, BD Clutter, ML Borders, B AF Rose, CE Hall, DB Shiver, BD Clutter, ML Borders, B TI A multilevel approach to individual tree survival prediction SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hazard function; interval-censored; random effects; complementary log-log function; proportional hazards ID REGRESSION-MODELS; LOGISTIC MODEL; MIXED MODELS; MORTALITY; PINE; GROWTH; STANDS AB Traditionally, modeling of permanent plot individual tree survival has not considered the multiple sources of heterogeneity and correlation that may arise due to the multilevel data structure inherent in the design (e.g., clustering of trees within a plot). Permanent plots are sampled periodically; therefore, data are interval-censored because it is only known that a tree died between two successive measurement occasions. Here, we adopt the complementary log-log (CLL) function for modeling permanent plot interval-censored individual tree survival data. The CLL function is derived directly from the likelihood function of a fully specified statistical model that accounts for interval censoring. In addition, our CLL model considers silvicultural treatment effects on survival. Our data are from young permanent plot loblolly pine plantations that have been measured annually beginning at age I year. Each plot was randomly assigned one of four cultural treatments: control (C), herbicide (H), fertilization (F), and herbicide and fertilization (HF). Here we extend the individual tree survival CLL model to allow for trees within a plot and plot level random effects. We demonstrate individual tree survival predictions with and without the inclusion of random effects. C1 CDC, Anthrax Vaccine Safety Team NIP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Rose, CE (reprint author), CDC, Anthrax Vaccine Safety Team NIP, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cvr7@cdc.gov; dhall@stat.uga.edu; shiver@smokey.forestry.uga.edu; mclutter@smokey.forestry.uga.edu; bborders@arches.uga.edu NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 014MB UT WOS:000235483200004 ER PT J AU Hariri, S Yoon, PW Qureshl, N Valdez, R Scheuner, MT Khoury, MJ AF Hariri, S Yoon, PW Qureshl, N Valdez, R Scheuner, MT Khoury, MJ TI Family history of type 2 diabetes: A population-based screening tool for prevention? SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE family history; type 2 diabetes; screening; risk factor; prevention ID LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MELLITUS; CHILDREN; OBESITY; DISEASE; ADULTS; RISK; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT AB Purpose: To evaluate the use of self-reported family medical history as a potential screening tool to identify people at-risk for diabetes. Methods: The HealthStyles 2004 mail survey comprises 4345 US adults who completed a questionnaire to ascertain personal and family history of diabetes, perceived risk of diabetes, and practice of risk-reducing behaviors. Using number and type of affected relatives, respondents were ranked into three familial risk levels. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were obtained to evaluate associations between familial risk and prevalent diabetes, perceived risk of disease, and risk-reducing behaviors. Validity of family history as a screening tool was examined by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Results: Compared to those of average risk, people with moderate and high familial risk of diabetes were more likely to report a diagnosis of diabetes (AOR: 3.6, 95% Cl: 2.8, 4.7; OR: 7.6, 95% Cl: 5.9, 9.8, respectively), a higher perceived risk of diabetes (AOR: 4.6, 95% Cl: 3.7, 5.7; OR: 8.5, 95% Cl: 6.6, 17.7, respectively), and making lifestyle changes to prevent diabetes (AOR: 2.2, 95% Cl: 1.8, 2.7; OR: 4.5, 95% Cl: 3.6, 5.6, respectively). A positive familial risk of diabetes identified 73% of all respondents with diabetes and correctly predicted prevalent diabetes in 21.5% of respondents. Conclusion: Family history of diabetes is not only a risk factor for the disease but is also positively associated with risk awareness and risk-reducing behaviors. It may provide a useful screening tool for detection and prevention of diabetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Hariri, S (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Qureshi, Nadeem/0000-0003-4909-0644 NR 30 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 8 IS 2 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1097/01.gim.0000200949.52795.df PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 014TY UT WOS:000235504400006 PM 16481893 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Chapman, DP Balluz, LS AF Strine, TW Chapman, DP Balluz, LS TI Population-based U.S. study of severe headaches in adults: Psychological distress and comorbidities SO HEADACHE LA English DT Article DE migraine; headaches; mental health; risk behaviors; comorbidity ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; YOUNG-ADULTS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; MIGRAINE HEADACHE; UNITED-STATES; GENERAL-POPULATION; MAJOR DEPRESSION; HEALTH; IMPACT; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective-To examine the associations between severe headaches (SH), psychological distress, and comorbid conditions among U.S. adults. Background-The lifetime prevalence of headaches is over 90% and headaches, particularly migraines, have been associated with disability, increased healthcare costs, and mood disorders. Methods-We analyzed data obtained from adults aged 18 years or older (n = 29,828) who participated in the 2002 National Health Interview Survey, an ongoing, computer-assisted personal interview of a representative sample of the U.S. population. Results-Approximately 15.1% of adults aged 18 years or older reported SH in the previous 3 months. Those reporting such headaches were significantly more likely, than those who did not, to report insomnia, excessive sleepiness, recurrent pain, and depressive or anxiety symptoms during the preceding 12 months. Approximately 88% of those who reported having had SH within the previous 3 months also indicated that they had at least one comorbid medical condition, relative to 67% of those without SH. Conclusion-Despite their episodic nature, our results suggest that SH are associated with impairments in both physical and mental health. As the presence of SH may serve as an indicator of significant psychological distress and medical comorbidities, eliciting information about their occurrence during a standard medical examination appears to be warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-8748 J9 HEADACHE JI Headache PD FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00340.x PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 012WE UT WOS:000235370800008 PM 16492231 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Graubard, BI Williamson, DF Gail, MH AF Flegal, KM Graubard, BI Williamson, DF Gail, MH TI Weight and mortality SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Letter ID EXCESS DEATHS; UNDERWEIGHT; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD FEB PY 2006 VL 47 IS 2 BP E6 EP E6 DI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000199094.52293.cb PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 005RU UT WOS:000234842300035 PM 16380528 ER PT J AU Palese, P Tumpey, TM Garcia-Sastre, A AF Palese, P Tumpey, TM Garcia-Sastre, A TI What can we learn from reconstructing the extinct 1918 pandemic influenza virus? SO IMMUNITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID A VIRUS; GENES; HEMAGGLUTININ C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Palese, P (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM peter.palese@mssm.edu OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI052106, U19 AI062623, P01 AI058113] NR 25 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1074-7613 J9 IMMUNITY JI Immunity PD FEB PY 2006 VL 24 IS 2 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.01.007 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 014KN UT WOS:000235479000001 PM 16473822 ER PT J AU Massung, RF Mather, TN Levin, ML AF Massung, RF Mather, TN Levin, ML TI Reservoir competency of goats for the Ap-Variant 1 strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TICK-BORNE FEVER; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; DEXAMETHASONE; MICE AB Field-collected ticks were used to infect goats with either Ap-ha, a strain associated with human disease, or a variant strain, Ap-Variant 1, of Anaplasma phagoeytophilum. Goats were shown to be competent as a reservoir for Ap-Variant 1, and challenge and immunosuppression studies were used to further examine infection in the goat model. C1 CDC, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfm2@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 74 IS 2 BP 1373 EP 1375 DI 10.1128/IAI.74.2.1373-1375.2006 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 009EC UT WOS:000235093100066 PM 16428787 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Ye, XY Silva, MJ Kuklenyik, Z Needham, LL AF Calafat, AM Ye, XY Silva, MJ Kuklenyik, Z Needham, LL TI Human exposure assessment to environmental chemicals using biomonitoring SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Copenhagen Workshop on Environment Reproductive Health and Fertility CY JAN 15-18, 2005 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK DE biological monitoring; emerging pollutants; glucuronidation; matrix; NHANES; oxidative metabolism; perfluorinated chemicals; phenol; phthalates ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PHTHALATE METABOLITES; BREAST-MILK; BISPHENOL-A; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN URINE; HUMAN SERUM; DEHP; RATS AB In modern societies, humans may be exposed to a wide spectrum of environmental chemicals. Although the health significance of this exposure for many chemicals is unknown, studies to investigate the prevalence of exposure are warranted because of the chemicals' potential harmful health effects, as often indicated in animal studies. Three tools have been used to assess exposure: exposure history/questionnaire information, environmental monitoring, and biomonitoring (i.e. measuring concentrations of the chemicals, their metabolites, or their adducts in human specimens). We present an overview on the use of biomonitoring in exposure assessment using phthalates, bisphenol A and other environmental phenols, and perfluorinated chemicals as examples. We discuss some factors relevant for interpreting and understanding biomonitoring data, including selection of both biomarkers of exposure and human matrices, and toxicokinetic information. The use of biomonitoring in human risk assessment is not discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 34 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0105-6263 J9 INT J ANDROL JI Int. J. Androl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00570.x PG 5 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 029EN UT WOS:000236542000039 PM 16466536 ER PT J AU Singleton, RJ Bruden, D Brooks, L DeLeon, J Vercelline, A Butler, JC AF Singleton, Rosalyn J. Bruden, Dona Brooks, Lisa DeLeon, Jenni Vercelline, Anna Butler, Jay C. TI Closer to home: Local care improves compliance with RSV prophylaxis in high-risk infants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH LA English DT Article DE respiratory syncytial virus; palivizumab; Alaska Native ID SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; PALIVIZUMAB; HOSPITALIZATIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Medimmune Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. Yukon Kuskokwim Hlth Corp, Bethel, AK USA. RP Singleton, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ris2@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH PUBLISHERS PI OULU PA AAPISTIE1, OULU, FIN-90220, FINLAND SN 1239-9736 J9 INT J CIRCUMPOL HEAL JI Int. J. Circumpolar Health PD FEB PY 2006 VL 65 IS 1 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 138VJ UT WOS:000244391100004 PM 16544642 ER PT J AU Rubin, CH Lanier, A Kieszak, S Brock, JW Koller, KR Strosnider, H Needham, L Zahm, S Harpster, A AF Rubin, Carol H. Lanier, Anne Kieszak, Stephanie Brock, John W. Koller, Kathryn R. Strosnider, Heather Needham, Larry Zahm, Shelia Harpster, Annette TI Breast cancer among Alaska Native women potentially exposed to environmental organochlorine chemicals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; Alaska Natives; organochlorines; persistent organic pollutants; environmental pollution ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; SERUM ORGANOCHLORINES; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LONG-ISLAND; RISK; PESTICIDES; BLOOD; DDT; CONGENERS; RESIDUES AB Objectives. To determine if an increased rate of breast cancer in Alaska Native women is related to their consumption of a subsistence diet that may contain p,p'-dichlorodiphenylethylene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Study Design. A retrospective case control design. Methods. We analyzed banked serum collected between 1981 and 1987 from 126 Alaska Native women, including 63 case women who subsequently developed breast cancer and 63 age-matched control women who remained cancer-free. Serum was analyzed for DDT, DDE, 13 other chlorinated pesticides, and 28 PCB congeners. Results. The geometric mean for p,p'-DDE levels among case women was 8.67 ppb (95% Confidence Interval 7.48, 10.04); among control women, the geometric mean was 7.36 ppb (6.53, 8.30). The geometric mean for total PCB levels among case women was 4.55 ppb (3.61, 5.74) and for control women, the geometric mean was 6.10 ppb (4.73, 7.86). Cancer status and total PCB levels varied across ethnicity (i.e., Eskimo, Aleut, and Indian) but DDE levels were uniform among these ethnic groups. Using conditional logistic regression analysis to adjust for potential confounders (e.g., ethnicity, family history of breast cancer, parity), we found an odds ratio of 1.43 (0.46, 4.47) for the highest tertile of DDE exposure and 0.42 (0.07, 2.38) for the highest tertile of total PCB exposure. Conclusions. Although the results are limited by small sample size and restricted risk factor information, our findings of higher DDE levels, but lower PCB levels among women with breast cancer are consistent with previous research. Our results confirm exposure to organochlorines among Alaska Native women but do not identify these exposures as a significant risk factor for breast cancer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Off Alaska Nat Hlth Res, Div Community Hlth Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, NIH, Div Canc Epidemiol, Washington, DC USA. RP Rubin, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM chr1@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015 NR 53 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 1239-9736 EI 2242-3982 J9 INT J CIRCUMPOL HEAL JI Int. J. Circumpolar Health PD FEB PY 2006 VL 65 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 138VJ UT WOS:000244391100006 PM 16544644 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM AF Flegal, KM TI Commentary: The epidemic of obesity - what's in a name? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BODY-MASS INDEX; US ADULTS; OVERWEIGHT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 17 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 72 EP 74 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi260 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 011PX UT WOS:000235281700018 PM 16339593 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM AF Flegal, KM TI Body mass index of healthy men compared with healthy women in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE body mass index; NHANES; overweight; health AB Objective: To compare the distributions of body mass index (BMI) in relatively healthy nonsmoking men and women in the United States. Design: Cross-sectional national survey data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Subjects: In total, 11 404 nonsmoking men (n=4894) and women (n=6510), ages 20 years and above, drawn from a representative population sample. Measurements: Increasingly stringent definitions of 'health' were applied, based on self-reported health, medical history, measurements of blood pressure, blood lipids, serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and behavioral factors including smoking and physical activity. Main outcome measures were mean and median BMI by health level, 5th and 95th percentiles of BMI, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Results: For both men and women, the distribution of BMI became less skewed at better health levels. The range of BMI values that included 90% of healthy men and women was approximately 19.5-30 kg/m(2) for men and 18-30 kg/m(2) for women, with median values of approximately 24.5 kg/m(2) for men and 21.5 kg/m(2) for women. The prevalence of overweight declined sharply with increasing health level for women but varied little for men; the prevalence of obesity declined at higher health levels for both men and women. Conclusions: Only about 5% of healthy younger men or women would be classified as obese by BMI levels. However, the distribution of BMI differs between healthy men and healthy women. Relative to the distribution of BMI values for healthy men, the distribution of BMI values for healthy women is shifted to the left and is more skewed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Weight & Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4311, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kmf2@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 30 IS 2 BP 374 EP 379 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803117 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 009SS UT WOS:000235133600025 PM 16189499 ER PT J AU Lee, LM Lobato, MN Buskin, SE Morse, A Costa, S AF Lee, LM Lobato, MN Buskin, SE Morse, A Costa, S TI Low adherence to guidelines for preventing TB among persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection, United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th World Conference on Lung Health of the International-Union-Against-Tuberculosis-and-Lung-Disease CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Int Union Against Tuberculosis & Lung Dis DE HIV; TST; prevention; guidelines ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CLINICAL CARE SETTINGS; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; TUBERCULOSIS; RISK AB SETTING: Persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for developing tuberculosis (TB) if latent TB infection remains untreated. OBJECTIVE: To assess missed opportunities for preventing TB by selecting a population-based sample of 1093 persons diagnosed with HIV from June 1995 to June 1997 in Seattle, WA, New Orleans, LA, and Jersey City, NJ. DESIGN: To determine the proportion of persons receiving a tuberculin skin test (TST) following HIV diagnosis, we conducted record reviews at providers and local TB control. RESULTS: An estimated 53.7% (95%CI 49.9-57.4) had a TST following HIV diagnosis; 6.6% (95 %CI 4.3-8.9%) of TST-tested patients were reactive. Median time between HIV diagnosis and TST was 1 month (mean 5.7 months, 95%CI 4.8-6.5). Factors associated with TST included additional risk factors for TB (OR 1.76, 95%CI 1.17-2.63), history of HIV-related preventive treatment (OR 5.84, 95%CI 3.74-8.75), higher number of clinic visits (OR 4.16, 95 % CI 2.01-8.02), and attendance at facilities with a written policy to provide TST for all persons with HIV (OR 2.54, 95%CI 1.28-4.88). CONCLUSION: About half of persons newly diagnosed with HIV infection had a TST following HIV diagnosis, with little variation by demographics, signaling a general need to improve interventions to prevent TB. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, New Orleans, LA USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Lee, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LMLee@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 10 IS 2 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 010XZ UT WOS:000235232600017 PM 16499263 ER PT J AU Brown, K Cortese, MM Iqbal, K Moran, JS Murphy, TV Sneller, VP Srivastava, P Cohn, AC AF Brown, K Cortese, MM Iqbal, K Moran, JS Murphy, TV Sneller, VP Srivastava, P Cohn, AC CA CDC TI Pertussis - United States, 2001-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1283, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ADOLESCENTS; ADULTS C1 CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brown, K (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 5 BP 488 EP 490 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 007SP UT WOS:000234990300005 ER PT J AU Arnold, K Drenzek, C Salter, M Arduino, MJ Noble-Wang, J Gee, JE Wilkins, P Jordan, J Morey, R Daneshvar, M Shuler, C AF Arnold, K Drenzek, C Salter, M Arduino, MJ Noble-Wang, J Gee, JE Wilkins, P Jordan, J Morey, R Daneshvar, M Shuler, C CA CDC TI Outbreak of cutaneous Bacillus cereus infections among cadets in a university military program - Georgia, August 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1233, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Arnold, K (reprint author), Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 5 BP 490 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 007SP UT WOS:000234990300006 ER PT J AU Kellenberg, J Buseman, S Wright, K Modlin, JF Montero, JT Reef, S Abernathy, E Icenogle, J Plotinsky, R AF Kellenberg, J Buseman, S Wright, K Modlin, JF Montero, JT Reef, S Abernathy, E Icenogle, J Plotinsky, R CA CDC TI Brief report: Imported case of congenital rubella syndrome - New Hampshire, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1160, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Manchester Hlth Dept, Manchester, NH USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kellenberg, J (reprint author), Manchester Hlth Dept, Manchester, NH USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 5 BP 492 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 007SP UT WOS:000234990300007 ER PT J AU Abramowitz, S Chandwani, S Barnes, W LaGrange, R Koenig, LJ AF Abramowitz, S Chandwani, S Barnes, W LaGrange, R Koenig, LJ TI Participant satisfaction with adolescent impact: A behavioral intervention for HIV plus youth SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 MA 5 BP 114 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.11.081 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 007IZ UT WOS:000234963600037 ER PT J AU De Rosa, CJ Kim, DH Kerndt, PR Small, J Martinez, E Afifi, AA Kotlerman, J Hudson, SM Ethier, K AF De Rosa, CJ Kim, DH Kerndt, PR Small, J Martinez, E Afifi, AA Kotlerman, J Hudson, SM Ethier, K TI Middle school students' sexual behavior: New insights SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 MA 77 BP 154 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.11.059 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 007IZ UT WOS:000234963600108 ER PT J AU Santelli, JS Morrow, B Anderson, JE Lindberg, L AF Santelli, JS Morrow, B Anderson, JE Lindberg, L TI Contraceptive use and pregnancy risk among US high school students, 1991-2003 SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Alan Guttmacher Inst, New York, NY 10005 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 MA 81 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 007IZ UT WOS:000234963600112 ER PT J AU Amin, HS Kalra, H Biagini, RE Hamilton, RG Yeang, HY Arif, SAM Bernstein, DI AF Amin, HS Kalra, H Biagini, RE Hamilton, RG Yeang, HY Arif, SAM Bernstein, DI TI Strict avoidance of exposure to natural rubber latex (NRL) glove products is associated with longitudinal reduction in percutaneous reactivity to NAL and hev B proteins SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. CDC, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Rubber Res Inst Malaysia, Biotechnol & Strateg Res Unit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 335 BP S86 EP S86 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.344 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865300335 ER PT J AU Green, BJ Schmechel, D Millecchia, L Blachere, F Beezhold, D AF Green, BJ Schmechel, D Millecchia, L Blachere, F Beezhold, D TI Localization of species-specific antibody binding sites to Stachybotrys chartarum using the halogen immunoassay SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 121 BP S31 EP S31 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.126 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865300121 ER PT J AU Merkle, S Jones, SE Wheeler, L Mannino, DM Crossett, L AF Merkle, S Jones, SE Wheeler, L Mannino, DM Crossett, L TI Tobacco and other drug use among high school students with asthma SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 104 BP S26 EP S26 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.109 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865300104 ER PT J AU Sercombe, JK Liu-Brennan, D Green, BJ Tovey, ER AF Sercombe, JK Liu-Brennan, D Green, BJ Tovey, ER TI Identifying domestic aeroallergen exposure in a cystic fibrosis patient: A case study SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 1154 BP S299 EP S299 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1128 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865302232 ER PT J AU Yeang, HY Hamilton, RG Bernstein, DI Arif, SAM Chow, KS Loke, YH Raulf-Heimsoth, M Wagner, S Breiteneder, H Biagini, RE AF Yeang, HY Hamilton, RG Bernstein, DI Arif, SAM Chow, KS Loke, YH Raulf-Heimsoth, M Wagner, S Breiteneder, H Biagini, RE TI Allergen concentration in natural rubber latex SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 Rubber Res Inst Malaysia, Biotechnol & Strat Res Unit, Sungei Buloh, Malaysia. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Allergy Immunol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Inst Occupat Med, Div Allergy Immunol, Bochum, Germany. Med Univ Vienna, Dept Pathophysiol, Vienna, Austria. NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 516 BP S132 EP S132 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.529 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865301013 ER PT J AU Goins, RT John, R Hennessy, CH Denny, CH Buchwald, D AF Goins, RT John, R Hennessy, CH Denny, CH Buchwald, D TI Determinants of health-related quality of life among older American Indians and Alaska Natives SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American Indians; Alaska natives; aged; health-related quality of life ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ELDERS; NIDDM AB During the past decade, health-related quality of life(HRQoL) has been recognized in both clinical and community health research as an important health outcome and a needed supplement to conventional health outcomes. The authors provide a profile of HRQoL and examine its determinants among American Indians and Alaska Natives aged 50 or older Multivariate analyses of cross-sectional survey data from the 1996-1998 Centers for Disease Control Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were conducted. Thirty-four percent of the sample reported fair or poor self-rated health. The mean number of poor health days in the past month ranged from 4 to 6 on different measures. Age, sex, education, annual household income, employment status. hypertension, and obesity were associated with aspects of HRQoL. Further research aimed at eliminating health disparities among this population should focus on identifying additional indicators of poor HRQoL and on understanding variables that mediate the relationship between disease and HRQoL. C1 W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Goins, RT (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0733-4648 J9 J APPL GERONTOL JI J. Appl. Gerontol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 SU S BP 73S EP 88S DI 10.1177/0733464805283037 PG 16 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 018BP UT WOS:000235738100006 ER PT J AU Posey, JE Shinnick, TA Quinn, FD AF Posey, JE Shinnick, TA Quinn, FD TI Characterization of the twin-arginine translocase secretion system of Mycobacterium smegmatis SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; PROTEIN EXPORT PATHWAY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INDUCIBLE ACETAMIDASE; GENE REPLACEMENT; TAT PATHWAY; BOVIS BCG; TUBERCULOSIS; VIRULENCE; EXPRESSION AB The twin-arginine translocation (TAT) system secretes fully folded proteins that contain a twin-arginine motif within their signal sequence across the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria. Using a green fluorescent protein fused with a TAT signal sequence, we demonstrated that Mycobacterium smegmatis contains a TAT system. By inactivating individual genes, we showed that three genes (tatA, tatB, and tatC) are required for a functional TAT system in M. smegmatis. The tat mutants exhibited a decreased growth rate and altered colony morphology compared to the parent strain. Comparison of the secreted proteins of the Delta tatC and parent strain by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an alteration in the secretion of at least five proteins, and one of the major TAT-dependent secreted proteins was identified as P-lactamase (BlaS). The genome of M. smegmatis was analyzed with the TATFIND program, and 49 putative TAT substrates were identified, including the succinate transporter DctP. Because disruption of the TAT secretion system has a direct effect on the physiology of M. smegmatis and bomologs of the TAT proteins are also present in the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the TAT secretion system or its substrates may be good candidates for drug or vaccine development. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Posey, JE (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Bldg 17,Room 4029,M-S F08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jposey@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI49659, F32 AI049659] NR 40 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 188 IS 4 BP 1332 EP 1340 DI 10.1128/JB.188.4.1332-1340.2006 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 013KJ UT WOS:000235407900015 PM 16452415 ER PT J AU Johansson, LA Westerling, R Rosenberg, HM AF Johansson, LA Westerling, R Rosenberg, HM TI Methodology of studies evaluating death certificate accuracy were flawed SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cause of death; death certificates; medical records; mortality statistics; quality control; reproducibility ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MORTALITY STATISTICS; UNDERLYING CAUSE; CODING PRACTICES; PROSTATE-CANCER; ASTHMA DEATHS; VALIDATION; DIAGNOSIS; ENGLAND; TRENDS AB Background and Objective: Statistics on causes of death are important for epidemio-logic research. Studies that evaluate the source data often give conflicting results, which raise questions about comparability and validity of methods. Methods: For 44 recent evaluation studies we examined the methods employed and assessed the reproducibility. Results: Thirty studies stated who reviewed the source data. Six studies reported reliability tests. Twelve studies included all causes of death, but none specified criteria for identifying the underlying cause when several, etiologically independent conditions were present. We assessed these as not reproducible. Of 32 studies that focussed on a specific condition, 21 provided diagnostic criteria such that the verification of the focal diagnosis is reproducible. Of 16 that discussed the difference between dying "with" and "from" a condition, eight described how competing causes had been handled. For these eight, the selection of a principal cause is reproducible, but in three the selection strategy conflicts with the international instructions issued by the World Health Organization. Conclusion: Methods and criteria are often insufficiently described. When described, they sometimes disagree with the international standard. Explicit descriptions of methods and criteria would contribute to methodologic improvement and would allow readers to assess the generalizability of the conclusions (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Swedish Natl Board Hlth & Welf, Ctr Epidemiol, SE-10630 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Med Sociol Unit, Dept Publ Hlth & Caring Sci, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Johansson, LA (reprint author), Swedish Natl Board Hlth & Welf, Ctr Epidemiol, SE-10630 Stockholm, Sweden. EM lars.age.johansson@socialstyrelsen.se OI Johansson, Lars Age/0000-0003-3554-0413 NR 59 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 59 IS 2 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.05.006 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 011FL UT WOS:000235253400003 PM 16426947 ER PT J AU Aires-de-Sousa, M Boye, K de Lencastre, H Deplano, A Enright, MC Etienne, J Friedrich, A Harmsen, D Holmes, A Huijsdens, XW Kearns, AM Mellmann, A Meugnier, H Rasheed, JK Spalburg, E Strommenger, B Struelens, MJ Tenover, FC Thomas, J Vogel, U Westh, H Xu, J Witte, W AF Aires-de-Sousa, M Boye, K de Lencastre, H Deplano, A Enright, MC Etienne, J Friedrich, A Harmsen, D Holmes, A Huijsdens, XW Kearns, AM Mellmann, A Meugnier, H Rasheed, JK Spalburg, E Strommenger, B Struelens, MJ Tenover, FC Thomas, J Vogel, U Westh, H Xu, J Witte, W TI High interlaboratory reproducibility of DNA sequence-based typing of bacteria in a multicenter study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; STRAINS; HARMONIZATION AB Current DNA amplification-based typing methods for bacterial pathogens often lack interlaboratory reproducibility. In this international study, DNA sequence-based typing of the Staphylococcus aureus protein A gene (spa, 110 to 422 bp) showed 100% intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility without extensive harmonization of protocols for 30 blind-coded S. aureus DNA samples sent to 10 laboratories. Specialized software for automated sequence analysis ensured a common typing nomenclature. C1 Univ Hosp Munster, Dept Periodontol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ Hosp Munster, Inst Hyg, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Hop Edouard Herriot, Cent Microbiol Lab, Lyon, France. Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Hop Erasme, Dept Microbiol, Brussels, Belgium. Hvidovre Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, Hvidovre, Denmark. Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol, P-2780 Oeiras, Portugal. Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, London, England. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Diagnost Lab Infect Dis, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Robert Koch Inst, Wernigerode, Germany. Univ Hosp Wurzburg, Inst Hyg & Microbiol, Wurzburg, Germany. Natl Inst Communicable Dis Prevent & Control, State Key Lab Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Harmsen, D (reprint author), Univ Hosp Munster, Dept Periodontol, Waldeyerstr 30, D-48149 Munster, Germany. EM dharmsen@uni-muenster.de RI Harmsen, Dag/J-3041-2012; ETIENNE, Jerome/C-5471-2014; OI ETIENNE, Jerome/0000-0002-3348-3315; de Lencastre, Herminia/0000-0001-6816-8932; Enright, Mark/0000-0001-5273-8750; Mellmann, Alexander/0000-0002-0649-5185 NR 17 TC 122 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 619 EP 621 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.2.619-621.2006 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 012MV UT WOS:000235344200056 PM 16455927 ER PT J AU Priest, JW Bern, C Roberts, JM Kwon, JP Lescano, AG Checkley, W Cabrera, L Moss, DM Arrowood, MJ Sterling, CR Gilman, RH Lammie, PJ AF Priest, JW Bern, C Roberts, JM Kwon, JP Lescano, AG Checkley, W Cabrera, L Moss, DM Arrowood, MJ Sterling, CR Gilman, RH Lammie, PJ TI Changes in serum immunoglobulin G levels as a marker for Cryptosporidium sp. infection in Peruvian children (vol 43, pg 5298, 2005) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Atlantic Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Priest, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 678 EP 678 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.2.678.2006 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 012MV UT WOS:000235344200079 ER PT J AU Calvert, AE Huang, CYH Kinney, RM Roehrig, JT AF Calvert, AE Huang, CYH Kinney, RM Roehrig, JT TI Non-structural proteins of dengue 2 virus offer limited protection to interferon-deficient mice after dengue 2 virus challenge SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; ANTIVIRAL DEFENSE; RHESUS-MONKEYS; MOUSE MODEL; NS1; FEVER; INFECTION AB Chimeric (D2/WN) viruses containing the pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins of West Nile virus (WN virus) and the capsid (C)and non-structural proteins of dengue 2 (DEN2) virus were used to evaluate the protective immunity elicited by either the flaviviral E protein or non-structural proteins. AG129 interferon-deficient mice, previously shown to be protected against lethal DEN1 or DEN2 viral infection after vaccination with a wild-type or candidate vaccine strain of DEN1 or DEN2 virus, respectively, were immunized with chimeric D2/WN virus and then challenged with DEN2 virus. D2/WN chimeric viruses were non-pathogenic in AG129 mice. These viruses elicited little anti-DEN E antibody, high levels of anti-DEN NS1 antibody and no or very low levels of DEN2 virus-neutralizing antibodies. Only 15% of D2/WN-immunized mice survived challenge with DEN2 virus. However, their mean survival time increased by 11-14 days over non-immunized controls. These results suggest that, whilst the non-structural proteins were able to enhance mean survival times of AG129 mice, this protection was not as effective as protection mediated by the E protein. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Calvert, AE (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM zpz0@cdc.gov OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 38 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 87 BP 339 EP 346 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81256-0 PN 2 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 006OM UT WOS:000234906800011 PM 16432020 ER PT J AU Morrison, MA Hageman, JC Klevens, RM AF Morrison, MA Hageman, JC Klevens, RM TI Case definition for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morrison, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM mmt1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0195-6701 J9 J HOSP INFECT JI J. Hosp. Infect. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 62 IS 2 BP 241 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.jhin.2005.07.011 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 011JK UT WOS:000235264200018 PM 16289455 ER PT J AU Harcourt, J Alvarez, R Jones, LP Henderson, C Anderson, LJ Tripp, RA AF Harcourt, J Alvarez, R Jones, LP Henderson, C Anderson, LJ Tripp, RA TI Respiratory syncytial virus G protein and G protein CX3C motif adversely affect CX3CR1(+) T cell responses SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRACTALKINE RECEPTOR CX(3)CR1; ATTACHMENT G GLYCOPROTEIN; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; PULMONARY EOSINOPHILIA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; VACCINIA VIRUS; M2 PROTEIN; INFECTION; MICE; EXPRESSION AB Interactions between fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor, CX3CR1, mediate leukocyte adhesion, activation, and trafficking. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein has a CX3C chemokine motif that can bind CX3CR1 and modify CXCL1-mediated responses. In this study, we show that expression of the RSV G protein or the G protein CX3C motif during infection is associated with reduced CX3CR1(+) T cell trafficking to the lung, reduced frequencies of RSV-specific, MHC class I-restricted IFN-gamma-expressing cells, and lower numbers of IL-4- and CX3CL1-expressing cells. In addition, we show that CX3CR1(+) cells constitute a major component of the cytotoxic response to RSV infection. These results suggest that G protein and the G protein CX3C motif reduce the antiviral T cell response to RSV infection. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Dis Intervent, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Dis Intervent, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rtripp@vet.uga.edu OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 50 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 176 IS 3 BP 1600 EP 1608 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 004QF UT WOS:000234766600038 PM 16424189 ER PT J AU Blanton, LH Adams, SM Beard, RS Wei, G Bulens, SN Widdowson, MA Glass, RI Monroe, SS AF Blanton, LH Adams, SM Beard, RS Wei, G Bulens, SN Widdowson, MA Glass, RI Monroe, SS TI Molecular and epidemiologic trends of caliciviruses associated with outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in the United States, 2000-2004 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; NOROVIRUS; STRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; ENGLAND AB Between July 2000 and June 2004, fecal specimens from 270 outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by local or state health departments for calicivirus testing. Of the 226 outbreaks that met the criteria for inclusion in the present study, caliciviruses were detected in 184 (81%) by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing. Nursing homes, retirement centers, and hospitals were the most frequently reported settings, and person-to-person contact was the most common mode of transmission, followed by foodborne spread. Overall, genogroup II norovirus (NoV) strains were the most abundant (79%), followed by genogroup I NoV strains (19%) and sapovirus (2%). Nucleotide-sequence analysis indicated a great diversity of NoV strains and implicated the emergence of one particular sequence variant in outbreaks occurring between July 2002 and June 2003. The public health impact of caliciviruses will not be fully appreciated, nor will interventions be completely evaluated, until methods to detect these viruses are more routinely used. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. RP Monroe, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM steve.monroe@cdc.hhs.gov OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 26 TC 195 Z9 218 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 193 IS 3 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.1086/499315 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 005NL UT WOS:000234831000011 PM 16388489 ER PT J AU Johnson, DR Kaplan, EL VanGheem, A Facklam, RR Beall, B AF Johnson, DR Kaplan, EL VanGheem, A Facklam, RR Beall, B TI Characterization of group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes): correlation of M-protein and emm-gene type with T-protein agglutination pattern and serum opacity factor SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISTINCT CLASSES; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION AB Strain characterization of group A streptococci (GAS) has traditionally been based on serological identification of M protein. Additional tests to determine T-protein serotype and production of streptococcal serum opacity factor (SOF) provide important information both to aid in and to supplement M-protein serotyping. Advances in DNA-sequencing technology in the late twentieth century resulted in the development of a method for determining the M type of GAS from the sequence of the gene encoding M protein, the emm gene. Although emm-sequence typing has largely replaced M typing in many laboratories, information provided by T typing and SOF determination continues to provide valuable supplementary information for strain characterization. A comprehensive summary of the correlation of T pattern and SOF production with M type was last published in 1993, several years before emm typing became widely available. Since then, the ease of M-type identification afforded by emm typing has resulted in an increase in the number of confirmed M/emm types of more than 50%. However, comprehensive information about T-protein serotype and the correlation of SOF production with these new M/emm types is not widely available. This report presents a comprehensive summary of this information, not only for newly described types, but also updated information for previously described types. This information was extracted from combined records from streptococcal reference laboratories at the University of Minnesota and at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta. Data from more than 40 000 strains (representing uncomplicated GAS infections, systemic invasive infections and strains associated with non-suppurative sequelae, collected from the US and diverse locations worldwide) were analysed. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Streptococi, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaplan, EL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM kapla001@umn.edu NR 27 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 55 IS 2 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.46224-0 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 014QJ UT WOS:000235494600005 PM 16434707 ER PT J AU Steinau, M Rajeevan, MS Unger, ER AF Steinau, M Rajeevan, MS Unger, ER TI DNA and RNA references for qRT-PCR assays in exfoliated cervical cells SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; HOUSEKEEPING GENES; BETA-ACTIN; NORMALIZATION; STANDARDS AB The noncritical use of housekeeping genes, RNA mass, or cell number for normalization in quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays has come under scrutiny in recent years, highlighting the need to evaluate references in the immediate context of the relevant samples and experimental design. The purpose of this study was to select appropriate references for normalizing qRT-PCR assays of gene expression in exfoliated cervical cells. We used total nucleic acid extracts from 30 samples, representing the full spectrum of pre-invasive cervical neoplasia. We determined the DNA content by quantitative PCR for the single-copy gene beta-globin and total RNA content using quantitative image analysis of ribosomal bands. In addition, qRT-PCR for 13 candidate housekeeping genes was performed. We used two analysis methods, geNorm and Norm-Finder, to identify the best combination of reference genes and then correlated housekeeping gene expression with DNA content and gel representation of ribosomal RNA. ACTB was the most stable single gene. The addition of PGK1 and RPLP0 increased the robustness in qRT-PCR applications not stratified by disease. These genes also showed the highest correlation with DNA contents in the same samples. If special attention to intraepithelial lesions is appropriate, RPL4 and PGK1 are recommended as the best combination of two genes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Human Papillomavirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Unger, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Human Papillomavirus Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eunger@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CN-0101-01] NR 14 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.2353/jmoldx.2006.050088 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 011CK UT WOS:000235245100015 PM 16436642 ER PT J AU Sriram, K Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP AF Sriram, K Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP TI Minocycline attenuates microglial activation but fails to mitigate striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity: role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE brain; microglia; minocycline; neurodegeneration; neuroprotection; Parkinson's disease; tumor necrosis factor ID METHAMPHETAMINE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; NITRIC-OXIDE; MOUSE MODEL; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; MPTP TOXICITY; TNF-ALPHA AB Activated microglia are implicated in the pathogenesis of disease-, trauma- and toxicant-induced damage to the CNS, and strategies to modulate microglial activation are gaining impetus. A novel action of the tetracycline derivative minocycline is the ability to inhibit inflammation and free radical formation, factors that influence microglial activation. Minocycline is therefore being tested as a neuroprotective agent to alleviate CNS damage, although findings so far have yielded mixed results. Here, we showed that administration of a single low dose of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or methamphetamine (METH), a paradigm that causes selective degeneration of striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals without affecting the cell body in substantia nigra, increased the expression of mRNAs encoding microglia-associated factors F4/80, interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Minocycline treatment attenuated MPTP- or METH-mediated microglial activation, but failed to afford neuroprotection. Lack of neuroprotection was shown to be due to the inability of minocycline to abolish the induction of TNF-alpha and its receptors, thereby failing to modulate TNF signaling. Thus, TNF-alpha appeared to be an obligatory component of dopaminergic neurotoxicity. To address this possibility, we examined the effects of MPTP or METH in mice lacking genes encoding IL-6, CCL2 or TNF receptor (TNFR)1/2. Deficiency of either IL-6 or CCL2 did not alter MPTP neurotoxicity. However, deficiency of both TNFRs protected against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPTP. Taken together, our findings suggest that attenuation of microglial activation is insufficient to modulate neurotoxicity as transient activation of microglia may suffice to initiate neurodegeneration. These findings support the hypothesis that TNF-alpha may play a role in the selective vulnerability of the nigrostriatal pathway associated with dopaminergic neurotoxicity and perhaps Parkinson's disease. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab, Div Toxicol & Mol Biol BB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab, Div Toxicol & Mol Biol BB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop L-3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jdo5@cdc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 77 TC 149 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 BP 706 EP 718 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03566.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 003GV UT WOS:000234670700009 PM 16405514 ER PT J AU Jasti, S Siega-Riz, AM Cogswell, ME Hartzema, AG AF Jasti, S Siega-Riz, AM Cogswell, ME Hartzema, AG TI Correction for errors in measuring adherence to prenatal multivitamin/mineral supplement use among low-income women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE adherence; measurement error; prenatal supplements ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS; IRON-SUPPLEMENTATION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; NONCOMPLIANCE; DEFICIENCY; PROGRAM; POLICY AB Adherence to prenatal multivitamin/mineral supplement use is often measured by self-reports or pill counts. Although both measures were shown to overestimate adherence, measurement error is rarely considered. In this study, we examined measurement error in adherence to prenatal supplement use among pregnant women and demonstrated a calibration method to adjust for error. In a validation subsample (n = 51) from a larger clinical study of supplementation, adherence was assessed by self-reports, pill counts, and a Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) bottle cap that recorded the date and time of each opening of the pill bottle. Mean adherence in the validation sample as measured by the MEMS (the gold standard) was 68%; thus, adherence measured by self-report (77%) and pill count (84%) reflected overestimation. The Pearson correlation coefficients of self-reports and pill counts to MEMS wore 0.35 and 0.62, respectively. When adherence was defined as taking = 75% of the pills prescribed, sensitivity and specificity were greater for pill counts (93 and 52%, respectively) than for self-reports (88 and 44%). The regression coefficient for pill count adherence from a linear regression on MEMS adherence was applied to pill counts from a larger sample (n = 244). The adjustment significantly lowered the estimate of adherence from 74 to 64% (P < 0.001) in this larger sample. In conclusion, our data show that both self-reports and pill counts overestimate adherence and that linear regression in comparison to an external standard such as MEMS can be used to correct for measurement error in adherence. C1 CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Family Nutr & Exercise Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Florida, Pharm Hlth Care Adm, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Jasti, S (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Family Nutr & Exercise Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM sunitha_jasti@qc.edu NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 136 IS 2 BP 479 EP 483 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 006JU UT WOS:000234894600023 PM 16424131 ER PT J AU Hall, RM Earnest, SG Carroll, JN Spencer, A AF Hall, RM Earnest, SG Carroll, JN Spencer, A TI Evaluation of carbon monoxide emissions from engines on recreational boats equipped with prototype catalysts SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH USA. SW Res Inst, Engine Emiss & Veh Res Div, San Antonio, TX USA. Calif Air Resources Board, Mobile Source Control Div, El Monte, CA USA. RP Hall, RM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP D4 EP D7 DI 10.1080/15459620500496699 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 016OF UT WOS:000235628900001 PM 16396826 ER PT J AU Lentz, TJ Wenzl, TB AF Lentz, TJ Wenzl, TB TI Small businesses with high fatality rates: Assessment of hazards and their prevention SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MINNESOTA WOOD DUST; SAFETY; HEALTH; INTERVENTION; PERFORMANCE; INJURY C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Lentz, TJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP D8 EP D14 DI 10.1080/15459620500496715 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 016OF UT WOS:000235628900002 PM 16396827 ER PT J AU Kanwal, R Kullman, G Piacitelli, C Boylstein, R Sahakian, N Martin, S Fedan, K Kreiss, K AF Kanwal, R Kullman, G Piacitelli, C Boylstein, R Sahakian, N Martin, S Fedan, K Kreiss, K TI Evaluation of flavorings-related lung disease risk at six microwave popcorn plants SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS; WORKERS AB Objective: After investigating fixed airways obstruction in butter flavoring-exposed workers at a microwave popcorn plant, we sought to further characterize lung disease risk from airborne butter-flavoring chemicals. Methods: We analyzed data from medical and environmental surveys at six microwave popcorn plants (including the index plant). Results: Respiratory symptom and airways obstruction prevalences were higher in oil and flavorings mixers with longer work histories and in packaging-area workers near nonisolated tanks of oil and flavorings. Workers were affected at five plants, one with mixing-area exposure to diacetyl (a flavoring chemical with known respiratory toxicity potential) as low as 0.02 ppm. Conclusions: Microwave popcorn workers at man), plants are (it risk for flavoring-related lung disease. Peak exposures may be hazardous even when ventilations maintains low average exposures. Respiratory protection and engineering controls are necessary to protect workers. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Kanwal, R (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS H2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM rkanwal@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 48 IS 2 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000194152.48728.fb PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 012IC UT WOS:000235330800004 PM 16474263 ER PT J AU Repace, J Al-Delaimy, WK Bernert, JT AF Repace, J Al-Delaimy, WK Bernert, JT TI Correlating atmospheric and biological markers in studies of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and dose in children and adults SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PASSIVE SMOKING; URINARY COTININE; SALIVA COTININE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SERUM COTININE; NICOTINE; AIR AB Objective: We sought to directly compare secondhand smoke (SHS) atmospheric markers to each other and to SHS dosimetric biomarkers, permitting of clinical and atmospheric studies. Methods: We used atmospheric and pharmacokinetic (PK) models for the quantitative estimation of SHS exposure and dose for infants, children, and adults, based on building smoker density and air exchange rate, and from exposure duration, default PK parameters, and respiration. rates. Results: We estimate the SHS serum. cotinine doses for the typical and most-exposed individuals in the U.S. population; predictions compare well to measurements on a national probability sample. Using default respiration rates, we estimate serum colinine dose from SHS nicotine exposure,for 40 adults exposed to SHS in an environmental chamber; predictions agreed with observations. We correlate urine colinine and hair nicotine levels for 127 infants exposed to parental smoking, and estimate corresponding atmospheric nicotine exposure via PK modeling. Conclusions: Our "Rosetta Stone" Equations allow the SHS atmospheric markers, respirable particles, nicotine, and carbon monoxide, to be related to the SHS biomarkers, cotinine in blood, urine, and saliva and nicotine in hair, permitting intercomparison of clinical and atmospheric studies of SHS for the first time. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Repace, J (reprint author), Repace Associates Inc, 101 Felicia Lane, Bowie, MD 20720 USA. EM repace@comcast.net NR 56 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 48 IS 2 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000184883.72902.d4 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 012IC UT WOS:000235330800008 PM 16474267 ER PT J AU Stanton, ML Henneberger, PK Kent, MS Deubner, DC Kreiss, K Schuler, CR AF Stanton, ML Henneberger, PK Kent, MS Deubner, DC Kreiss, K Schuler, CR TI Sensitization and chronic beryllium disease among workers in copper-beryllium distribution centers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE; MACHINING PLANT; EXPOSURE; ALLOY; FACILITY; RISKS AB Objective: Little is known about the risk of sensitization and chronic beryllium disease (CBD) among workers perorming limited processing of copper-beryllium alloys downstream of the primary beryllium industry. this study, we performed a cross-sectional survey of employees at three copper beryllium alloy distribution centers. Methods: One hundred workers were invited to be tested for beryllium sensitization using the beryllium blood lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT); a sensitized worker was further evaluated for CBD. Available beryllium mass concentration air sampling data were obtained for characterization of airborne exposure. Results: One participant, who had exposure to other fornis of beryllium, was found to be sensitized and lo have CBD, resulting in a prevalence of sensitization/CBD of 1.% for all tested. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of beryllium sensitization and CBD for workers in these three copper-beryllium alloy distribution centers is lower than for workers in primary beryllium production facilities. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, FSB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Brush Wellman Inc, Elmore, OH USA. RP Stanton, ML (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, FSB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS H2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM mstanton@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 48 IS 2 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000184864.10147.bc PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 012IC UT WOS:000235330800011 PM 16474270 ER PT J AU Pieniazek, N Sawczuk, M Skotarczak, B AF Pieniazek, N Sawczuk, M Skotarczak, B TI Molecular identification of Babesia parasites isolated from Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in northwestern Poland SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BURGDORFERI-SENSU-LATO; HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; NORTH-WESTERN POLAND; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; ANAPLASMA-PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; MICROTI INFECTION; LYME-DISEASE; PIROPLASMS; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS AB In the present study, PCR has been applied to detect and analyze DNA of Babesia spp. extracted from Ixodes ricinus ticks. Collection of I. ricinus was made in 6 forested areas of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship, Poland, during 2 seasonal peaks of tick activity, i.e., spring and autumn, 2001. In total, 1,328 I. ricinus were collected and processed for PCR with F34 and R323 primers. Babesia spp. was detected in 28 (2% of 1,328 tested) ticks; 26 were identified as B. divergens. The other 2 were identified its B. microti. PCR was conducted with 18S rRNA specific primers and sequencing was processed to precisely identify and compare these isolates with B. microti and B. divergens sequences from Europe, North America, and Asia obtained from the GenBank. Analysis revealed that sequences of B. microti from northwestern Poland are almost identical (99.94%) with those referred to as "Munich strain"; both form a clade different from other European strains, as well as those from Asia and North America (called B. microti, sensu stricto). An investigation performed with B. divergens sequences showed that the sequence from northwestern Poland is 99.94% homologous to an isolate from Ireland ("Purnel"), and differs in just a few nucleotides from other European sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequence Of B divergens isolated from Polish ticks form a group that comprise 4 European sequences from Great Britain and Ireland and is, therefore, closely related to other European and North American B. divergnens sequences. C1 Szczecin Univ, Dept Genet, PL-71065 Szczecin, Poland. RP Pieniazek, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4700 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM boskot@univ.szczecin.pl NR 24 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.1645/GE-541R2.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 029MB UT WOS:000236565900006 PM 16629311 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Vianna, MCB Sousa, S Canada, N Meireles, S da Costa, JMC Marcet, PL Lehmann, T Darde, ML Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Vianna, MCB Sousa, S Canada, N Meireles, S da Costa, JMC Marcet, PL Lehmann, T Darde, ML Thulliez, P TI Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from Portugal SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; BIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; GENOTYPE; BRAZIL; INFECTIONS; OOCYSTS; DISEASE AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in 225 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Portugal was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and found in 61 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 8, 1:10 in 6, 1:20 in 3, 1:40 in 23, 1:80 in 5, 1:160 in 4, 1:320 in 8, and 1:640 or higher in 4. Hearts, leg Muscles, and brains of 15 seropositive (MAT 1:10 or higher) chickens were bioassayed individually in mice. Tissue from 38 chickens with titers of 1:5 or less were pooled and fed to a T. gondii-free cat. Feces of the cat were examined for oocysts, but none was found. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 16 of 19 chickens with MAT titers of 1:10 or higher. Genotyping of 12 of these 16 isolates with polymorphisms at the SAG2 locus indicated that 4 were type III, and 8 were type If. None of the isolates was lethal for mice. Phenotypically. T. gondii isolates from chickens from Portugal were different from those of T. gondii isolates from chickens from Brazil. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. INSA, Ctr Parasite Immunol & Biol, P-4000509 Oporto, Portugal. Inst Biomed Sci Abel Salazar, P-24099003 Oporto, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CHRU Dupuytren, Lab Parasitol Mycol, F-87042 Limoges, France. Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; sousa, susana/D-8567-2013; OI sousa, susana/0000-0003-3891-3924; Correia da Costa, Jose Manuel/0000-0001-6591-4303; Canada, Nuno/0000-0003-1446-4933; Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020 NR 37 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 184 EP 186 DI 10.1645/GE-652R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 029MB UT WOS:000236565900030 PM 16629334 ER PT J AU Mead, JR Fernadez, M Romagnoli, PA Secor, WE AF Mead, JR Fernadez, M Romagnoli, PA Secor, WE TI Use of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates to evaluate correlation of gene expression and metronidazole resistance SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES; DRUG-RESISTANCE; FERREDOXIN GENE; STRAINS; MECHANISMS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; METABOLISM; OXYGEN; WOMEN AB We investigated whether variations in gene expression of enzymes associated with anaerobic resistance of laboratory-derived strains of Trichomonas vaginalis could be detected in a group of 28 clinical isolates with variations in metronidazole sensitivity. We compared isolates by real-time PCR because this method allows for highly sensitive quantification of mRNA and for evaluation of several genes simultaneously. We found that PFOR gene A mRNA levels were highly correlated with PFOR gene B levels, as well as the D Subunit of malic enzyme and ferrodoxin. Ferrodoxin mRNA expression was also significantly correlated with that of malic enzyme and hydrogenase. However, when we evaluated relationships between these enzymes and resistance to metronidazole. we found no significant correlations between aerobic or anaerobic in vitro sensitivity to drug and mRNA levels of any of the enzymes tested. Similarly. using a Student's t-test, no significant differences in enzyme mRNA levels were observed between isolates separated by metronidazole resistance or susceptibility. The lack of correlation between gene expression and resistance or susceptibility could be the result of differences in expression at the protein level or because other biochemical pathways or genes are involved in the resistance observed in clinical settings. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30022 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mead, JR (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. EM jmead@emory.edu NR 22 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 196 EP 199 DI 10.1645/GE-616R.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 029MB UT WOS:000236565900035 PM 16629339 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JS Stewart, A Bounngaseng, A Sullivan, JJ Nace, D Williams, A Galland, GG Williams, T Fleetwood, HT Collins, WE AF Sullivan, JS Stewart, A Bounngaseng, A Sullivan, JJ Nace, D Williams, A Galland, GG Williams, T Fleetwood, HT Collins, WE TI Observations on the exoerythrocytic stages of different isolates of Plasmodium cynomolgi in hepatocytes of new world Aotus and Saimiri monkeys SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIVIRGATUS MONKEYS; BOLIVIENSIS MONKEYS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; KNOWLESI; STRAIN AB Sporozoites of 3 isolates of Plasmodium cynomolgi dissected from the salivary glands of Anopheles dirus and Anopheles quadrimaculatus were injected intravenously into 9 New World monkeys. Liver stage parasites were demonstrated in all 9 animals; 7 of these animals also produced blood stages after prepatent periods of 9 to 23 days. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 202 EP 205 DI 10.1645/GE-3520RN.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 029MB UT WOS:000236565900037 PM 16629341 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH AF Dietz, WH TI Sugar-sweetened beverages, milk intake, and obesity in children and adolescents SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP; FOOD-INTAKE; BODY-WEIGHT; DRINK CONSUMPTION; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; US CHILDREN; ENERGY; CONSEQUENCES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcd4@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 148 IS 2 BP 152 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.12.045 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 020SC UT WOS:000235929600003 PM 16492420 ER PT J AU Cohen, AL Christakis, DA AF Cohen, AL Christakis, DA TI Primary language of parent is associated with disparities in pediatric preventive care SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID WELL-CHILD CARE; EPIDEMIOLOGIC PARADOX; HEALTH; SERVICES; GUIDELINES; OUTCOMES; PHYSICIANS; QUALITY; RISK AB Objectives To determine whether infants of parents whose primary language is not English are less likely to receive recommended preventive care than infants of parents whose primary language is English. Study design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all 38,793 1-year-old Medicaid-enrolled infants born in Washington state between January 1, 1999 and September 30, 2000. The main exposure was self-reported primary language of parents. Using multivariate regression, we estimated the relative risk of receiving appropriate and timely receipt of preventive care visits in the first year as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and Washington state Medicaid. Results Fewer than 1 in 6 (15.4%) infants received all 6 recommended preventive care visits in their first year of life. Infants of parents whose primary language was not English were half as likely to receive all recommended preventive care visits Compared with infants of parents whose primary language was English (adjusted relative risk = 0.53; 95% confidence interval = 0.49 to 0.58). This disparity was seen in white, Hispanic, and African-American infants, but not in Asian-American infants. Conclusions Disparities based on primary language exist in receipt of recommended pediatric preventive care in white, Hispanic, and African-American infants enrolled in Medicaid. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cohen, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alcohen@u.washington.edu NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 148 IS 2 BP 254 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.10.046 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 020SC UT WOS:000235929600024 PM 16492438 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Pejavara, A Barrios, LC Crossett, L Lee, SM McKenna, M Michael, S Wechsler, H AF Brener, ND Pejavara, A Barrios, LC Crossett, L Lee, SM McKenna, M Michael, S Wechsler, H TI Applying the school health index to a nationally representative sample of schools SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CURRICULUM; PROGRAMS; POLICIES; CHILDREN AB The School Health Index (SHI) is a self-assessment and planning tool that helps individual schools identify the strengths and weaknesses of their health policies and programs. To determine the percentage of US schools meeting the recommendations in the SHI, the present study analyzed data from the School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) 2000. The SHPPS 2000 data were collected through computer assisted personal interviews with faculty and staf fin a nationally representative sample of schools. The SHPPS 2000 questions were then matched to SHI items to calculate the percentage of schools meeting the recommendations in 4 areas: school health and safety policies and environment, health education, physical education and other physical activity programs, and nutrition services. Although schools nationwide are meeting a few SHI items at each of these areas, few schools are addressing the entire breadth of items. A more coordinated approach to school health would help schools reinforce health messages. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Res Team, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res Applicat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Res Team, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nad1@cdc.gov; bkz5@cdc.gov; lic8@cdc.gov; lsc4@cdc.gov; skeuplee@cdc.gov; zyc3@cdc.gov; sot2@cdc.gov; haw7@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD FEB PY 2006 VL 76 IS 2 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00069.x PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 015YM UT WOS:000235587500004 PM 16466468 ER PT J AU Dye, BA Morin, NM Robinson, V AF Dye, BA Morin, NM Robinson, V TI The relationship between cigarette smoking and perceived dental treatment needs in the United States, 1988-1994 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE perceived dental treatment needs; tobacco use; NHANES III ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ORAL-HEALTH; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; OLDER ADULTS; TOBACCO USE; NHANES-III; CANCER; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background. Although factors affecting perceived dental treatment needs have been investigated, the effect of smoking status on perceptions of dental needs has not been examined. Methods. The authors examined data on 13,227 dentate people aged 20 to 79 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Information was collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, perceived dental treatment needs and other factors during a home interview, and clinical oral health information was collected at a mobile examination center. Results. In univariate analyses, current smokers were more likely than nonsmokers to perceive dental needs in all categories, except for the need for a dental cleaning. Multivariate regression results indicate that current smokers were more likely to report a need for periodontal treatment and dental extractions compared with nonsmokers (odds ratio [OR] = 1.40; 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-1.87 and OR = 1.61; 95 percent CI = 1.22-2.14, respectively). The authors found an interaction between smoking and race/ethnicity in models describing the need for teeth to be filled/replaced and for orthodontic/cosmetic work. Conclusions. Current smokers were more likely to have more perceived dental needs compared with nonsmokers. Practice Implications. These results may be important for the advancement of efforts directed toward tobacco-use cessation programs and to understand factors that could affect dental care utilization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dye, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4416, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM bfd1@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 137 IS 2 BP 224 EP 234 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 013QI UT WOS:000235423800023 PM 16521389 ER PT J AU Gray, SL LaCroix, AZ Hanlon, JT Penninx, BWJH Blough, DK Leveille, SG Artz, MB Guralnik, JM Buchner, DM AF Gray, SL LaCroix, AZ Hanlon, JT Penninx, BWJH Blough, DK Leveille, SG Artz, MB Guralnik, JM Buchner, DM TI Benzodiazepine use and physical disability in community-dwelling older adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE benzodiazepines; activities of daily living; disability; adverse drug event ID ELIMINATION HALF-LIFE; MEDICATION USE; RISK-FACTORS; ESTABLISHED POPULATIONS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; CONSENSUS PANEL; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; HIP FRACTURE; DRUG-USE AB OBJECTIVES: To determine whether benzodiazepine use is associated with incident disability in mobility and activities of daily living (ADLs) in older individuals. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: Four sites of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. PARTICIPANTS: This study included 9,093 subjects (aged >= 65) who were not disabled in mobility or ADLs at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Mobility disability was defined as inability to walk half a mile or climb one flight of stairs. ADL disability was defined as inability to perform one or more basic ADLs (bathing, eating, dressing, transferring from a bed to a chair, using the toilet, or walking across a small room). Trained interviewers assessed outcomes annually. RESULTS: At baseline, 5.5% of subjects reported benzodiazepine use. In multivariable models, benzodiazepine users were 1.23 times as likely as nonusers (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.09-1.39) to develop mobility disability and 1.28 times as likely (95% CI=1.09-1.52) to develop ADL disability. Risk for incident mobility was increased with short- (hazard ratio (HR)=1.27, 95% CI=1.08-1.50) and long-acting benzodiazepines (HR=1.20, 95% CI=1.03-1.39) and no use. Risk for ADL disability was greater with short- (HR=1.58, 95% CI=1.25-2.01) but not long-acting (HR=1.11, 95% CI=0.89-1.39) agents than for no use. CONCLUSION: Older adults taking benzodiazepines have a greater risk for incident mobility and ADL disability. Use of short-acting agents does not appear to confer any safety benefits over long-acting agents. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Pharm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Womens Hlth Initiat Clin Coordinating Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Geriatr Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharm & Therapeut, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Vet Adm Pittsburgh Hlth Care Syst, Ctr Hlth Equ Res & Promot, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Ctr Med, Dept Psychiat, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NIA, Epidemiol & Demog Sect, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gray, SL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Pharm, Bpx 357630, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM slgray@u.washington.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [K08AG00808-01, P01 AG004390, P01 AG004390-21A10016] NR 42 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 224 EP 230 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00571.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 009FZ UT WOS:000235098300004 PM 16460372 ER PT J AU Hicks, LA Shepard, CW Britz, PH Erdman, DD Fischer, M Flannery, BL Peck, AJ Lu, XY Thacker, WL Benson, RF Tondella, ML Moll, ME Whitney, CG Anderson, LJ Feikin, DR AF Hicks, LA Shepard, CW Britz, PH Erdman, DD Fischer, M Flannery, BL Peck, AJ Lu, XY Thacker, WL Benson, RF Tondella, ML Moll, ME Whitney, CG Anderson, LJ Feikin, DR TI Two outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in nursing homes associated with rhinovirus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE rhinovirus; nursing homes; disease outbreaks; aged; respiratory tract infections ID SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; INFECTION; INFLUENZA; ADULTS; COMMUNITY; SYMPTOMS; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; PNEUMONIAE AB OBJECTIVES: To characterize illness and identify the etiology for two nursing home outbreaks of respiratory illness. DESIGN: Multisite outbreak investigations; cohort. SETTING: Two nursing homes in Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: Facility A residents (n=170), Facility B residents (n=124), and employees (n=91). MEASUREMENTS: Medical records for Facility A and B residents were reviewed, and employees from Facility B self-administered a questionnaire to identify risk factors for illness. Serological, oropharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal specimens were collected for both outbreaks, and testing for respiratory pathogens was performed. RESULTS: In Facility A, 40 (24%) of 170 residents were identified with respiratory illness; 13 (33%) case-patients had radiographically confirmed pneumonia, 15 (38%) were taken to a hospital, and two (5%) died. Of 10 specimens collected from symptomatic Facility A case-patients, four (40%) tested positive using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for rhinovirus. In Facility B, 77 (62%) of 124 residents had respiratory illness, and 40 (52%) had radiographically confirmed pneumonia; 12 (16%) case-patients were hospitalized, and five (6%) died. Of 19 respiratory specimens collected from symptomatic Facility B case-patients, six (32%) were positive for rhinovirus; one was from an employee. Five (50%) of 10 rhinovirus-positive cases in both outbreaks had clinical and radiographic evidence of pneumonia. CONCLUSION: These investigations suggest that rhinoviruses may be an underrecognized cause of respiratory outbreaks in nursing homes, capable of causing pneumonia and perhaps death. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. RP Hicks, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lauriahicks@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 284 EP 289 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00529.x PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 009FZ UT WOS:000235098300012 PM 16460380 ER PT J AU Winston, CA Wortley, PM Lees, KA AF Winston, CA Wortley, PM Lees, KA TI Factors associated with vaccination of medicare beneficiaries in five US Communities: Results from the racial and ethnic adult disparities in immunization initiative survey, 2003 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccines; pneumococcal vaccines; African Americans; Hispanic Americans; health behavior ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS; PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; HIGH-RISK ADULTS; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; OUTPATIENTS; MORTALITY; SERVICES; BEHAVIOR AB OBJECTIVES: To examine vaccination in seniors in the five U.S. communities of the Racial and Ethnic Adult Disparities in Immunization Initiative. DESIGN: Cross-sectional telephone survey in spring 2003 using stratified sampling by ZIP code and race/ethnicity. SETTING: New York, Texas, Wisconsin, Illinois, and Mississippi. PARTICIPANTS: Four thousand five hundred seventy-seven Medicare beneficiaries. MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes were pneumococcal vaccination ever and influenza vaccination in 2002/03 and were determined according to race/ethnicity, awareness of vaccination, and provider recommendation. Survey questions also asked about future plans for vaccination, whether respondents believed they had become sick from prior influenza vaccination, and whether unvaccinated respondents would be vaccinated if a health professional recommended it. RESULTS: Pneumococcal vaccination coverage was 70.3% for whites, 40.8% for blacks, and 53.2% for Hispanics, and the proportion reporting provider recommendation for vaccination differed significantly according to race/ethnicity. In multivariate regression, provider recommendation (risk ratio (RR)=2.32, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=2.10-2.57) and awareness of vaccination (RR=1.60, 95% CI=1.40-1.82) were associated with greater pneumococcal vaccination. Influenza vaccination coverage was 76.2% for whites, 50.7% for blacks, and 65.7% for Hispanics. A little more than half of respondents reported provider recommendation for influenza vaccination, with no differences according to race/ethnicity. Provider recommendation was associated with influenza vaccination (RR=1.31, 95% CI=1.25-1.38). More blacks and Hispanics believed they had become sick from prior influenza vaccination than whites, and this belief was associated with lower vaccination rates. CONCLUSION: This survey details vaccination patterns in an ethnically and geographically diverse sample of seniors and identifies some differences between blacks, Hispanics, and whites that may contribute to disparities in vaccination coverage. Survey findings highlight the importance of provider vaccination recommendations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Winston, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cwinston@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 73 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00585.x PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 009FZ UT WOS:000235098300015 PM 16460383 ER PT J AU Barker, LE Chu, SY Li, Q Shaw, KM Santoli, JM AF Barker, LE Chu, SY Li, Q Shaw, KM Santoli, JM TI Disparities between white and African-American children in immunization coverage SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE childhood; disparities; immunizations ID HEALTH-CARE-SYSTEM; TRUST; RACE AB Introduction: A recent study has shown that the national-scale difference in immunization coverage between nonHispanic white (abbreviated "white") and non-Hispanic African-American (abbreviated "African-American") children aged 19-35.months in the United States has increased by about 1 percentage point annually. We examined how this widening gap differs with geography and income. Methods: We used data from the National Immunization Survey, 1998-2003, a national telephone survey. We examined differences between white and African-American children in immunization coverage within income groups (at or above versus below the federal poverty level) for each census region (northeast, south, midwest and west). We tested the hypothesis of constant disparity over time.. Results: Among households at or above the federal poverty level in the northeast census region, disparity is widening (white coverage minus African-American coverage was -0.5 in 1998 but 15.5 in 2003). Among household at or above the federal poverty level in the midwest census region, disparity is narrowing (white coverage minus African-American coverage was 13.9 in 1998 but 2.5 in 2003). We found no significant evidence of a trend in other groups. Conclusions: Widening national-level disparity in immunization coverage is primarily attributable to trends in the northeast census region. Addressing the widening disparity in coverage requires new strategies that consider current social and economic contexts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Barker, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Ave,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM lsb8@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 130 EP 135 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 017AA UT WOS:000235665300001 PM 16708496 ER PT J AU McGowan, AK Crosby, AE Hasbrouck, LM Boulton, ML Kanluen, S Maseru, NAW AF McGowan, AK Crosby, AE Hasbrouck, LM Boulton, ML Kanluen, S Maseru, NAW TI Child and adolescent violent deaths: An epidemiologic investigation SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE violence; homicide; children/adolescents AB Objectives: An apparent increase in violent deaths among children and adolescents in Detroit, MI in 2002 prompted a coordinated epidemiologic investigation involving federal, state and local organizations. Methods: A descriptive analysis of cases and violent deaths (homicide, suicide or firearm-related) among juveniles < 17 years was conducted, along with a case-control study using records from the medical examiner, police, schools and social service agencies. Results: Twenty-nine cases were identified. Median age was 10 years (range 1 day-16 years), and 15 (52%) were male. There were 25 homicides, two suicides and two unintentional firearm-related deaths. Nine (31%) homicides resulted from child abuse and neglect, and eight (28%) were among bystanders. The most common mechanism of fatal injury was firearm (63%). Victims' families were more likely to have a history of familial violence, prior contact with the state social services agency, >= 2 adults and >= 4 persons in the household (P < 0.05), Conclusions: The 2002 deaths did not represent a statistically significant increase from previous years. Several findings were remarkable: the proportion of deaths among bystanders, females and children age < 5. C1 Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Wayne Cty Med Examiners Off, Detroit, MI USA. Detroit Hlth Dept, Detroit, MI USA. RP McGowan, AK (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM amcgowan@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 158 EP 164 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 017AA UT WOS:000235665300006 PM 16708501 ER PT J AU Williams, SG Brown, CM Falter, KH Alverson, CJ Gotway-Crawford, C Homa, D Jones, DS Adams, EK Redd, SC AF Williams, SG Brown, CM Falter, KH Alverson, CJ Gotway-Crawford, C Homa, D Jones, DS Adams, EK Redd, SC TI Does a multifaceted environmental intervention alter the impact of asthma on inner-city children? SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE asthma; community health worker; environment; intervention; pediatric research ID CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; AIR-QUALITY; PEAK FLOW; EXPOSURE; ALLERGEN; ATLANTA; PERFORMANCE; DISPARITIES; PREVALENCE; EDUCATION AB Objective: To evaluate the impact of a multifaceted environmental and educational intervention on the indoor environment and health in 5-12-year-old children with asthma living in urban environments. Design: Changes in indoor allergen levels and asthma severity measurements were compared between children who were randomized to intervention and delayed intervention groups in a 14-month prospective field trial. Intervention group households received dust mite covers, a professional house cleaning, and had roach bait and trays placed in their houses. Results: Of 981 eligible children, 410 (42%) were enrolled; 161 (40%) completed baseline activities and were randomized: 84 to intervention and 77 to delayed intervention groups. At the study's end, dust mite levels were 163% higher than at baseline for the delayed intervention group. Overall asthma severity scores did not change. However, the median functional severity score (FSS) component of the severity score improved more in the intervention group (33% vs. 20%) than in the delayed intervention group. At the study's end, the median FSSs for the intervention group improved 25% compared with the delayed intervention group, (p < 0.01). Differences between groups for medication use, emergency department (ED) visits or hospitalization were not significant. Conclusions: Despite low retention, the intervention resulted in decreased dust mite allergen levels and increased FSSs among the intervention group. The interventions probably contributed to the improvements, especially among the more severely affected children. This study highlights the complexities of designing and assessing the outcomes from a multifaceted asthma intervention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Emory Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Williams, SG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sjw9@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 249 EP 260 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 017AA UT WOS:000235665300016 PM 16708511 ER PT J AU Baird, DD Kesner, JS Dunson, DB AF Baird, DD Kesner, JS Dunson, DB TI Luteinizing hormone in premenopausal women may stimulate uterine leiomyomata development SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE uterine leiomyome; uterine fibroids; luteinizing hormone; perinienopause ID HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; RISK-FACTORS; RECEPTORS; FIBROIDS; UTERUS; PROFILES AB OBJECTIVE: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has proliferative effects on uterine smooth muscle and leiomyoma tissue in vitro. We hypothesized that luteinizing hormone (LH) would have the same effect by activating the LH/hCG receptor, and it would follow that premenopausal women with higher basal LH levels would be more likely to have leiomyomata. METHODS: Randomly selected women, aged 35 to 49 years, from a prepaid health plan were screened for leiomyomata with pelvic ultrasound. Urine samples collected during the first or last 5 days of the menstrual cycle were analyzed for LH by immunofluorometric assay, and concentrations were corrected for creatinine (n = 523). Logistic regression and Bayes analyses were used to evaluate the association of LH with presence and size of leiomyomata, adjusting for age, and other risk factors. RESULTS: Women with higher LH were more likely to have leiomyomata (adjusted odd ratios for second and third tertiles were 1.7 and 2.0 compared with lower tertile; 95% confidence intervals, 1.0 to 2.7 and 1.2 to 3.4, respectively). The association was stronger for large leiomyomata. Bayes analyses designed to estimate LH effects on tumor onset separately from tumor growth showed significantly accelerated tumor onset but little evidence of effects on tumor growth. Age, an independent risk factor for leiomyomata, was not affected by the inclusion of LH in the logistic models. CONCLUSIONS: As hypothesized, women with higher LH were more likely to have leiomyomata, but this did not explain the age-related increase in leiomyomata during perimenopausal ages. Determining whether LH is causal or a marker for susceptibility will require further research. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Baird, DD (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, MD A3-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM baird@niehs.nih.gov RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017 OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1071-5576 J9 J SOC GYNECOL INVEST JI J. Soc. Gynecol. Invest. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.jsgi.2005.12.001 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 017KX UT WOS:000235693600010 PM 16443507 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Silva, MJ Reidy, JA Gray, LE Samandar, E Preau, JL Herbert, AR Needham, LL AF Calafat, AM Silva, MJ Reidy, JA Gray, LE Samandar, E Preau, JL Herbert, AR Needham, LL TI Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, a metabolite of di-n-octyl phthalate SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN URINE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; MALE-RAT; POPULATION; MALFORMATIONS AB Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) is found as a component of mixed C6-C10 linear-chain phthalates used as plasticizers in various polyvinyl chloride applications, including flooring and carpet tiles. Following exposure and absorption, DnOP is metabolized to its hydrolytic monoester, mono-n-octyl phthalate (MnOP), and other oxidative products. The urinary levels of one of these oxidative metabolites, mono( 3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), were about 560-fold higher than MnOP in Sprague-Dawley rats dosed with DnOP by gavage. Furthermore, MCPP was also found in the urine of rats dosed with diisooctyl phthalate (DiOP), di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di- n-butyl phthalate (DBP), although at concentrations considerably lower than in rats given similar concentrations of DnOP. The comparatively much higher urinary concentrations of MCPP than of the hydrolytic monoesters of the high-molecular-weight phthalates DiOP, DiNP, and DiDP in the exposed rats suggest that these monoesters may be poor biomarkers of exposure to their precursor phthalates and may explain the relatively low frequency of detection of these monoester metabolites in human populations. MCPP and MnOP were also measured in 267 human urine samples. The frequent detection and higher urinary concentrations of MCPP than MnOP suggest that exposure to DnOP might be higher than previously thought based on the measurements of MnOP alone. However, because MCPP is also a minor metabolite of DBP and other phthalates in rats, and the metabolism of phthalates in rodents and humans may differ, additional data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of MCPP are needed to completely understand the extent of human exposure to DnOP from the urinary concentrations of MCPP. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ACalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 69 IS 3 BP 215 EP 227 DI 10.1080/15287390500227381 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 009XT UT WOS:000235147600002 PM 16263692 ER PT J AU Gao, WT Soloff, AC Lu, XH Montecalvo, A Nguyen, DC Matsuoka, Y Robbins, PD Swayne, DE Donis, RO Katz, JM Barratt-Boyes, SM Gambotto, A AF Gao, WT Soloff, AC Lu, XH Montecalvo, A Nguyen, DC Matsuoka, Y Robbins, PD Swayne, DE Donis, RO Katz, JM Barratt-Boyes, SM Gambotto, A TI Protection of mice and poultry from lethal H5N1 avian influenza virus through adenovirus-based immunization SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; REVERSE GENETICS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; MOUSE MODEL; VACCINE; VECTOR; INFECTION; HEMAGGLUTININ; IMMUNITY; NUCLEOPROTEIN AB The recent emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) strains in poultry and their subsequent transmission to humans in Southeast Asia have raised concerns about the potential pandemic spread of lethal disease. In this paper we describe the development and testing of an adenovirus-based influenza A virus vaccine directed against the hemagglutinin (RA) protein of the A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) (VN/1203/04) strain isolated during the lethal human outbreak in Vietnam from 2003 to 2005. We expressed different portions of RA from a recombinant replication-incompetent adenoviral vector, achieving vaccine production within 36 days of acquiring the virus sequence. BALB/c mice were immunized with a prime-boost vaccine and exposed to a lethal intranasal dose of VN/1203/04 H5N1 virus 70 days later. Vaccination induced both HA-specific antibodies and cellular immunity likely to provide heterotypic immunity. Mice vaccinated with full-length RA were fully protected from challenge with VN/1203/04. We next evaluated the efficacy of adenovirus-based vaccination in domestic chickens, given the critical role of fowl species in the spread of HPAI worldwide. A single subcutaneous immunization completely protected chickens from an intranasal challenge 21 days later with VN/1203/04, which proved lethal to all control-vaccinated chickens within 2 days. These data indicate that the rapid production and subsequent administration of recombinant adenovirus-based vaccines to both birds and high-risk individuals in the face of an outbreak may serve to control the pandemic spread of lethal avian influenza. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Infect Dis,Mol Med Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis,Mol Med Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Mol Genet & Biochem,Mol Med Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gambotto, A (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Infect Dis,Mol Med Inst, Suite 412,300 Technol Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. EM agamb@pitt.edu OI Barratt Boyes, Simon/0000-0002-8869-4945; Soloff, Adam/0000-0002-1467-8168 NR 40 TC 182 Z9 206 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 80 IS 4 BP 1959 EP 1964 DI 10.1128/JVI.80.4.1959-1964.2006 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 011DQ UT WOS:000235248500034 PM 16439551 ER PT J AU Swords, WE Guenthner, PC Birkness, KA Lal, RB Dezzutti, CS Quinn, FD AF Swords, WE Guenthner, PC Birkness, KA Lal, RB Dezzutti, CS Quinn, FD TI Mycobacterium xenopi multiplies within human macrophages and enhances HIV replication in vitro SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium xenop; HIV; virulence; opportunistic infection; co-infection ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; EMERGING PATHOGEN; PULMONARY INFECTION; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; UNITED-STATES; TUBERCULOSIS; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Mycobacterium xenopi can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The primary focus of this effort was to determine if M. xenopi isolates could survive and grow in human peripheral blood macrophage (M phi), and if these isolates could promote the replication of HIV-1 in vitro. M. xenopi bacilli survived and replicated 10-fold within 48 h in human M phi while avirulent A Mycobacterium smegmatis, did not grow within the M phi. M. xenopi bacilli when cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells enhanced HIV-1 replication 30- and 50-fold with the macrophage-tropic HIV-1(Ba-L) and 50- and 75-fold with T-cell-tropic strain HIV-1(LAI), by 6 days post-infection when compared to M. smegmatis. The enhanced HIV replication was associated with increased production of TNF-alpha. Partial inhibition of HIV-1 induction was observed using a neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody, pentoxifylline, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor 1. Similar mechanisms of pathogenesis among mycobacterial species may help elucidate better treatment approaches in HIV co-infected persons. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Quinn, FD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fquinn@vet.uga.edu NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2005.10.006 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 020MC UT WOS:000235912600001 PM 16371246 ER PT J AU Mahadevan, B Arora, V Schild, LJ Keshava, C Cate, ML Iversen, PL Poirier, MC Weston, A Pereira, C Baird, WM AF Mahadevan, B Arora, V Schild, LJ Keshava, C Cate, ML Iversen, PL Poirier, MC Weston, A Pereira, C Baird, WM TI Reduction in tamoxifen-induced CYP3A2 expression and DNA adducts using antisense technology SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE DNA adducts; cytochrome P450; CYP3A2; antisense; microarray ID BREAST-CANCER; DRUG-METABOLISM; C-MYC; ALPHA-ACETOXYTAMOXIFEN; CYTOCHROME-P450 3A2; RAT HEPATOCYTES; IN-VIVO; IDENTIFICATION; LIVER; OLIGOMERS AB Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. There is clear evidence that cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A enzymes play an important role in TAM metabolism, resulting in metabolites that lead to formation of TAM-DNA adducts. We have investigated the effect of CYP3A2 antisense (AVI-4472) exposure on CYP3A2 transcription, enzyme activity, translation, and TAM-DNA adducts, in livers of rats administered TAM (50 mg/kg body weight [bw]/day) for 7 days. The study design Included administration of 0, 0.5, 2.5, or 12.5 mg AVI-4472/kg bw/day for 8 days, beginning 1 day before TAM exposure. The specific activity of CYP3A2 was increased after TAM administration, and decreased significantly (similar to 70%) in the presence of 12.5 mg AVI-4472. CYP3A2 protein levels, determined by immunoblot analysis, showed a similar pattern. Hepatic TAM-DNA adduct levels were measurable in all TAM-exposed groups. However, when rats were co-treated with 2.5 and 12.5 mg AVI-4472/kg bw/day, statistically significant (similar to 50%) reductions in TAM-DNA adduct levels (2.0-2.8 adducts/10(8) nucleotides) were observed compared to rats treated with TAM alone (5.1 adducts/10(8) nucleotides). Rat toxicology U34 arrays (Affymetrix) were used to investigate the modulation of gene expression patterns on co-administration of TAM with AVI-4472. Results indicated that several CYP genes were down regulated although no significant induction of CYP3A2 was observed in the TAM-exposed rats co-treated with AVI-4472. Overall the data suggest the utility of antisense technology in the redirection of TAM metabolism thereby lowering TAM genotoxicity in rat liver. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. AVI BioPharma, Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR USA. NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Baird, WM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, 1007, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5T32 ES07060-23, P30 ES00210] NR 46 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1002/mc.20143 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 009MU UT WOS:000235116900006 PM 16329150 ER PT J AU Vitiello, MV Moe, KE Merriam, GR Mazzoni, G Buchner, DH Schwartz, RS AF Vitiello, MV Moe, KE Merriam, GR Mazzoni, G Buchner, DH Schwartz, RS TI Growth hormone releasing hormone improves the cognition of healthy older adults SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE aging; elderly; cognition; GHRH; GH; IGF-I; cognitive function ID FACTOR-I; HUMAN-BRAIN; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DEFICIENT ADULTS; AGE; MEN; INSULIN-LIKE-GROWTH-FACTOR-1; DECREASES; RECEPTORS; INCREASES AB Declines in the activity of the somatotrophic axis have been implicated in the age-related changes observed in a number of physiological functions, including cognition. Such a-e-related changes may be arrested or partially reversed by hormonal Supplementation. We examined the effect of 6 months treatment with daily growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) or placebo oil the cognition Of a group of 89 healthy older (68.0 +/- 0.7) adults. GHRH resulted in improved performance on WAIS-R performance IQ (p<0.01) WAIS-R Picture arrangement (p<0.01), finding A's (p<0.01), verbal sets (p<0.01) and single-dual task (p<0.04). GHRH-based improvements were independent of gender. estrogen Status or baseline cognitive capacity. These results demonstrate that the age-related decline in the somatotrophic axis may be related to age-related decline in cognition. Further they indicate that supplementation of this neuro-hormonal axis may partially ameliorate such cognitive declines in healthy normal older adults and potentially in individuals with impaired cognitive function (i.e., mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease). (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Psychol, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Vitiello, MV (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, BB-1520D Hlth Sci Bldg,Box 356560,1959 NE Pacific, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM vitiello@u.washington.edu OI Vitiello, Michael/0000-0002-9776-0473 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00037]; NIA NIH HHS [AG10943]; NIMH NIH HHS [K02-MH01158, MH53575] NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD FEB PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 318 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.01.010 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 004WD UT WOS:000234782400015 PM 16399214 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Khan, LK Serdula, MK Ogden, CL Dietz, WH AF Freedman, DS Khan, LK Serdula, MK Ogden, CL Dietz, WH TI Racial and ethnic differences in secular trends for childhood BMI, weight, and height SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE ethnic groups; BMI; body height; body weight ID BODY-MASS INDEX; UNITED-STATES; NHLBI GROWTH; ADOLESCENT HEALTH; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; US CHILDREN; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; GIRLS; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Objectives: The prevalence of childhood overweight in the United States has markedly increased over the last 30 years. We examined differences in the secular trends for BMI, weight, and height among white, black, and Mexican-American children. Research Methods and Procedures: Analyses were based on nationally representative data collected from 2 to 17 year olds in four examinations (1971-1974 through 1999-2002). Results: Overall, black children experienced much larger secular increases in BMI, weight, and height than did white children. For example, over the 30-year period, the prevalence of overweight increased similar to 3-fold (4% to 13%) among 6- to 11-year-old white children but 5-fold (4% to 20%) among black children. In most sex-age groups, Mexican-American children experienced increases in BMI and overweight that were between those experienced by blacks and whites. Race/ethnicity differences were less marked among 2 to 5 year olds, and in this age group, white children experienced the largest increase in overweight (from 4% to 9%). In 1999-2002, the prevalence of extreme BMI levels (>= 99th percentile) reached 6% to 7% among black girls and Mexican-American boys. Discussion: Because of the strong tracking of childhood BMI levels into adulthood, it is likely that the secular increases in childhood overweight will greatly increase the burden of adult disease. The further development of obesity interventions in different racial/ethnic groups should be emphasized. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DFreedman@CDC.gov NR 36 TC 209 Z9 216 U1 0 U2 9 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD FEB PY 2006 VL 14 IS 2 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1038/oby.2006.39 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 055KA UT WOS:000238448000017 PM 16571857 ER PT J AU Kulasingam, SL Myers, ER Lawson, HW McConnell, KJ Kerlikowske, K Melnikow, J Washington, AE Sawaya, GF AF Kulasingam, Shalini L. Myers, Evan R. Lawson, Herschel W. McConnell, K. John Kerlikowske, Karla Melnikow, Joy Washington, A. Eugene Sawaya, George F. TI Cost-effectiveness of extending cervical cancer screening intervals among women with prior normal pap tests SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATYPICAL SQUAMOUS-CELLS; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE; CYTOLOGY; ACCURACY; TRIAGE; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: Annual cervical cancer screening in women with many prior normal Pap tests is common despite limited evidence on the cost-effectiveness of this strategy. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of screening women with 3 or more prior normal tests compared with screening those with no prior tests. METHODS: We used a validated cost-effectiveness model in conjunction with data on the prevalence of biopsy-proven cervical neoplasia in women enrolled in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program. Women were grouped according to age at the final Program Pap test (aged < 30, 30-44, 45-59, and 60-65 years) and by screening history (0, 1, 2, and 3+ consecutive prior normal Program tests) to estimate cost per life-year and quality-adjusted life-year associated with annual, biennial, and triennial screening. RESULTS: For women aged 30-44 years with no prior tests, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from $20,533 for screening triennially (compared with no further screening) to $331,837 for screening annually (compared with biennially) per life-year saved. Among same-aged women with 3 or more prior normal Program tests, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the same measures ranged from $60,029 to $709,067 per life-year saved. Inclusion of the most conservative utility estimates resulted in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios in excess of $100,000 per quality-adjusted life-year saved associated with annual screening of same-aged women with 3 or more prior normal tests compared with biennial screening. CONCLUSION: As the number of prior normal Pap tests increases, the costs per life-year saved increase substantially. Resources should be prioritized for screening those never or rarely screened women. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Gen Internal Med Sect, Dept Vet Affairs, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Family & Community Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Kulasingam, SL (reprint author), Duke Ctr Clin Hlth Policy Res, 2200 W Main St,Suite 220, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM kulas002@mc.duke.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [K08 CA 74973-02] NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 107 IS 2 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000196500.50044.ce PN 1 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 095GE UT WOS:000241295400018 PM 16449119 ER PT J AU Milstone, AM Agwu, AG Angulo, FJ AF Milstone, Aaron M. Agwu, Allison George Angulo, Frederick J. TI Alerting pregnant women to the risk of reptile-associated salmonellosis SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION AB BACKGROUND: Reptile- and amphibian-associated salmonellosis poses significant risk to infants and young children. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has advised that reptiles and amphibians should not be kept in households with children younger than 5 years old. CASE: We report a 5-day-old newborn with Salmonella bacteremia and meningitis who survived but with severe developmental delay. CONCLUSION: Cases of infants with reptile- and amphibian-associated salmonellosis, a preventable and devastating disease, continue to be reported. We propose that obstetricians should be the front line in counseling expecting families that reptiles should not be kept in households with infants and young children. By the time a family first visits the pediatrician, the warning may be too late. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Milstone, AM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Infect Dis, 600 N Wolfe St,Pk 256, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM amilsto1@jhmi.edu NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 107 IS 2 BP 516 EP 518 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000187950.37065.87 PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 095GG UT WOS:000241295600032 PM 16449170 ER PT J AU Koehler, KM Lasky, T Fein, SB DeLong, SM Hawkins, MA Rabatsky-Ehr, T Ray, SM Shiferaw, B Swanson, E Vugia, DJ AF Koehler, KM Lasky, T Fein, SB DeLong, SM Hawkins, MA Rabatsky-Ehr, T Ray, SM Shiferaw, B Swanson, E Vugia, DJ CA EIP FoodNet Working Grp TI Population-based incidence of infection with selected bacterial enteric pathogens in children younger than five years of age, 1996-1998 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 24-27, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GA ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA O-3; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; FOODNET SITES; SURVEILLANCE DATA; INFANTS; SALMONELLOSIS; CAMPYLOBACTER; DIARRHEA AB Background: Previous studies of bacterial enteric infections have suggested a disproportionate disease burden for children younger than 5 years of age. Objectives: This study describes population-based incidence of culture-confirmed infections with 6 bacterial enteric pathogens in children younger than 5 years of age in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 1996-1998. Methods: Cases were ascertained through active laboratory-based surveillance in Minnesota, Oregon and selected counties in California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland and New York. Results: Twenty-one percent (5218 of 24,358) of infections were in children younger than 5 years of age, but this age group made up only 7% of the total person-years of observation. Among those younger than 5 years of age, the incidence (cases per 100,000 person-years) for each pathogen was: Salmonella, 55.3; Campylobacter, 43.4; Shigella, 32.7; E. coli O157, 10.3; Yersinia enterocolitica, 7.1; Listeria monocytogenes, 0.7. Incidence varied widely among the 7 FoodNet sites. Conclusions: This study confirmed a disproportionate disease burden in young children. Investigation of risk factors specific to this age group and review and enhancement Of Current prevention and control strategies for children younger than 5 years of age may reduce illness. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Yale Univ, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. RP Koehler, KM (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000199289.62733.d5 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 015QY UT WOS:000235567100006 PM 16462289 ER PT J AU Shah, NS Harrington, T Huber, M Wellnitz, C Fridlch, S Laserson, K Gonzalez, IM Ijaz, K AF Shah, NS Harrington, T Huber, M Wellnitz, C Fridlch, S Laserson, K Gonzalez, IM Ijaz, K TI Increased reported cases of tuberculosis among children younger than 5 years of age, Maricopa County, Arizona, 2002-2003 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; pediatrics; epidemiology; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; disease transmission; diagnostic services; Maricopa County ID CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; COMMUNITY; OUTBREAK AB Objectives: Although tuberculosis (TB) rates in the United States among children younger than 5 years old (2.8/100,000 in 2003) have been declining, Maricopa County, Arizona, reported an increase from 4.1/100,000 in 2002 to 9.0/100,000 in 2003. We investigated factors associated with this increase. Methods: We reviewed county TB clinic records of pediatric patients (Younger than 5 years old) and their probable adult sources, interviewed parents or guardians of pediatric TB patients and examined changes in clinic procedures. Results: We verified 11 pediatric TB cases in 2002 and 25 in 2003 (n = 36). A total of 31 (86%) patients were born in the United States, and 28 (78%) had at least 1 foreign-born parent. There were 19 children (53%) identified from an adult TB contact investigation. Of children with identified Sources (n = 24, 67%), 23 (96%) had probable household transmission; 20 (83%) had a foreign-born relative from a TB-endemic country as the probable Source. Seven (50%) of 14 adult sources investigated had a delayed TB diagnosis. In 2003, increased TB clinic staffing, more frequent pediatric TB clinics and on-site gastric aspirates for TB diagnosis contributed to 55% more children being evaluated for TB. Conclusions: Close interaction with family members and delayed diagnoses were the primary means of TB transmission to children. The increase in pediatric TB likely reflects improved clinic diagnostic capacity and may indicate a more accurate baseline rate for Maricopa County. Programmatic improvements in TB control and targeted outreach to high-risk immigrant populations may increase pediatric and adult source case detection and reduce Myobacterium tuberculosis transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Maricopa Cty Dept Publ Hlth, TB Control Program, Publ Hlth Clin Serv, Phoenix, AZ USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Infect Dis Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA USA. RP Shah, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tharrington@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 151 EP 155 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000189987.94158.83 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 015QY UT WOS:000235567100010 PM 16462293 ER PT J AU Levine, S Dejsirilert, S Sangsuk, L Chantra, S Feikin, DR Dowell, SF Olsen, SJ AF Levine, S Dejsirilert, S Sangsuk, L Chantra, S Feikin, DR Dowell, SF Olsen, SJ TI Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Thailand 2002-2004 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pneumococcal infections; drug resistance; Thailand ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; DISEASE; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; TRIAL AB Information on pneumococcal isolates is limited in Asia. Among children younger than 5 years in rural Thailand, nasopharyngeal colonization was 60%, and 55% of carried and 62% of invasive isolates were serotypes in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Nonsusceptibility was common among the serotypes included in the vaccine. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine might be a useful prevention tool in Thailand. C1 Thai MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Natl Inst Hlth, Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Crown Prince Hosp, Sa Kaeo, Thailand. NCID, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Amer Embassy, CDC, Box 68, APO, AP 96546 USA. EM sco2@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 176 EP 178 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000199303.43096.3c PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 015QY UT WOS:000235567100017 PM 16462300 ER PT J AU Biernath, KR Reefhuis, J Whitney, CG Mann, EA Costa, P Eichwald, J Boyle, C AF Biernath, KR Reefhuis, J Whitney, CG Mann, EA Costa, P Eichwald, J Boyle, C TI Bacterial meningitis among children with cochlear implants beyond 24 months after implantation SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hearing loss; intervention; meningitis; bacterial infections AB BACKGROUND. More than 11 000 children in the United States with severe-to-profound hearing loss have cochlear implants. A 2002 investigation involving pediatric cochlear implant recipients identified meningitis episodes from January 1, 1997, through September 15, 2002. The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in the cohort was 138.2 cases per 100 000 person-years, > 30 times higher than that for children in the general US population. Children with implants with positioners were at higher risk than children with other implant models. This higher risk of bacterial meningitis continued for up to 24 months after implantation. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate additional reported cases to determine whether the increased rate of bacterial meningitis among children with cochlear implants extended beyond 24 months after implantation. METHODS. Our study population consisted of the cohort of children identified through the 2002 investigation; it included 4265 children who received cochlear implants in the United States between January 1, 1997, and August 6, 2002, and who were < 6 years of age at the time of implantation. We calculated updated incidence rates and incidence according to time since implantation. RESULTS. We identified 12 new episodes of meningitis for 12 children. Eleven of the children had implants with positioners; 2 children died. Six episodes occurred > 24 months after implantation. When cases identified in the 2002 and 2004 investigations were combined, the incidence rate of >= 24-months postimplantation bacterial meningitis among children with positioners was 450 cases per 100 000 person-years, compared with no cases among children without positioners. CONCLUSIONS. Our updated findings support continued monitoring and prompt treatment of bacterial infections by health care providers and parents of children with cochlear implants. This vigilance remains important beyond 2 years after implantation, particularly among children with positioners. The vaccination recommendations for all children with implants, with and without positioners, and all potential recipients of implants continue to apply. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Biernath, KR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbiernath@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 BP 284 EP 289 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0824 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 014PC UT WOS:000235491100003 PM 16390918 ER PT J AU Cianferoni, A Schneider, L Schantz, PM Brown, D Fox, LM AF Cianferoni, A Schneider, L Schantz, PM Brown, D Fox, LM TI Visceral larva migrans associated with earthworm ingestion: Clinical evolution in an adolescent patient SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE visceral larva migrans; Toxocara; pediatric; eosinophilia; pulmonary ID PYOGENIC LIVER-ABSCESS; TOXOCARA-CANIS; EOSINOPHILIC PNEUMONIA; PLEURAL EFFUSION; CHILDREN; INFECTION; MYOCARDITIS; OVA AB A 16-year-old girl developed a cough, hypereosinophilia (absolute eosinophil count: 32 000/mm(3)), hypergamma-globulinemia, and multiple noncavitary pulmonary nodules 1 month after having ingested an earthworm on a dare. Spirometry revealed moderate restriction and reduced gas diffusion. Parabronchial biopsy demonstrated eosinophilic organizing pneumonitis with multiple eosinophilic microabscesses, and Toxocara titers were elevated (> 1: 4096). Ophthalmologic examination ruled out ocular larva migrans. The patient received a 10-day course of albendazole (400 mg orally twice daily) and demonstrated significant clinical improvement with resolution of cough and pulmonary function abnormalities. Her white blood cell count and hypergammaglobulinemia normalized within 20 days, yet eosinophils (absolute eosinophil count: 1780/mm(3)) and Toxocara serologies (> 1: 4096) remained elevated 3(2)/(1) months after completing antihelminthic therapy. In this instance, the ingested earthworm served as the paratenic carrier of Toxocara larvae from the soil to the patient. This case highlights the clinical evolution of pulmonary visceral larva migrans infection caused by Toxocara spp. associated with a discrete ingestion in an adolescent patient. In addition, it provides a rare opportunity to define the incubation period of visceral larva migrans and emphasizes the importance of education regarding sources of Toxocara infection. C1 Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Immunol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Pediat Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Fox, LM (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM leanne.fox@childrens.harvard.edu NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 BP E336 EP E339 DI 10.1542/peds.2005.1596 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 014PC UT WOS:000235491100078 PM 16452340 ER PT J AU Daley, MF Crane, LA Chandramouli, V Beaty, BL Barrow, J Allred, N Berman, S Kempe, A AF Daley, MF Crane, LA Chandramouli, V Beaty, BL Barrow, J Allred, N Berman, S Kempe, A TI Influenza among healthy young children: Changes in parental attitudes and predictors of immunization during the 2003 to 2004 influenza season SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE influenza; immunization; parental attitudes; media ID VACCINE SAFETY CONCERNS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICIANS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; RECOMMENDATIONS; BARRIERS; CAMPAIGN; REGISTRY; INFANTS AB BACKGROUND. In Colorado, the 2003 to 2004 influenza season was unusually early and severe and received substantial media attention. OBJECTIVES. Among parents of healthy young children, to determine how parental knowledge and attitudes regarding influenza infection and immunization changed during the 2003 to 2004 influenza season and to identify factors predictive of influenza immunization. METHODS. The study was conducted in 5 metropolitan Denver pediatric practices. A total of 839 healthy children age 6 to 21 months and their parents were randomly selected for participation. Parents were surveyed by telephone before (August 18 to October 7, 2003) and after (March 31 to June 10, 2004) the influenza season. RESULTS. Among 828 eligible parents, 472 (57%) completed the preseason survey; 316 (67%) of these parents subsequently completed the postseason survey. All analyses were performed for the 316 subjects who completed both preseason and postseason surveys. Compared with their attitudes before the influenza season, 48% of parents interviewed after the season viewed their child as more susceptible to influenza, 58% viewed influenza infections as more severe, and 66% perceived fewer risks associated with influenza vaccine. Ninety-five percent of parents reported hearing in the media about Colorado's influenza outbreak, and having heard about the outbreak in the media was associated with viewing influenza infections as more severe. A total of 258 parents (82%) immunized their child against influenza. In multivariate analyses, positive predictors of immunization included a physician recommendation for immunization and a preseason to postseason increase in the perception that immunization was the social norm. Negative predictors of immunization included high perceived barriers to immunization, less parental education, and preseason intention not to immunize. CONCLUSIONS. Parent attitudes about influenza infection and immunization changed substantially during the 2003 to 2004 influenza season, with changes favoring increased parental acceptance of influenza vaccination for young children. During an intensively publicized influenza outbreak, a physician recommendation of vaccination was an important predictor of influenza immunization. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Daley, MF (reprint author), 1056 E 19th Ave,B032, Denver, CO 80218 USA. EM daley.matthew@tchden.org NR 43 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 BP E268 EP E277 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-1752 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 014PC UT WOS:000235491100070 PM 16452334 ER PT J AU Lee, BY Biggerstaff, BJ AF Lee, BY Biggerstaff, BJ TI Screening the United States blood supply for West Nile virus: A question of blood, dollars, and sense SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSFUSION SAFETY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sect Decis Sci & Clin Syst Modeling, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lee, BY (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sect Decis Sci & Clin Syst Modeling, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM byl1@pitt.edu NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 168 EP 169 AR e99 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030099 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 034OC UT WOS:000236937300006 PM 16420099 ER PT J AU Wendler, D Kington, R Madans, J Van Wye, G Christ-Schmidt, H Pratt, LA Brawley, OW Gross, CP Emanuel, E AF Wendler, D Kington, R Madans, J Van Wye, G Christ-Schmidt, H Pratt, LA Brawley, OW Gross, CP Emanuel, E TI Are racial and ethnic minorities less willing to participate in health research? SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NONRANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; RANDOMIZED PATIENTS; ONCOLOGY PROGRAM; MEDICAL-RESEARCH; WOMEN; RECRUITMENT; REPRESENTATION; SELECTION; REVASCULARIZATION AB Background It is widely claimed that racial and ethnic minorities, especially in the US, are less willing than non-minority individuals to participate in health research. Yet, there is a paucity of empirical data to substantiate this claim. Methods and Findings We performed a comprehensive literature search to identify all published health research studies that report consent rates by race or ethnicity. We found 20 health research studies that reported consent rates by race or ethnicity. These 20 studies reported the enrollment decisions of over 70,000 individuals for a broad range of research, from interviews to drug treatment to surgical trials. Eighteen of the twenty studies were single-site studies conducted exclusively in the US or multi-site studies where the majority of sites (i.e., at least 2/3) were in the US. Of the remaining two studies, the Concorde study was conducted at 74 sites in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and France, while the Delta study was conducted at 152 sites in Europe and 23 sites in Australia and New Zealand. For the three interview or non-intervention studies, African-Americans had a nonsignificantly lower overall consent rate than non-Hispanic whites (82.2% versus 83.5%; odds ratio [OR] = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-1.02). For these same three studies, Hispanics had a nonsignificantly higher overall consent rate than non-Hispanic whites (86.1% versus 83.5%; OR = 1.37; 95% CI 0.94-1.98). For the ten clinical intervention studies, African-Americans' overall consent rate was nonsignificantly higher than that of non-Hispanic whites (45.3% versus 41.8%; OR = 1.06; 95% CI 0.78-1.45). For these same ten studies, Hispanics had a statistically significant higher overall consent rate than non-Hispanic whites (55.9% versus 41.8%; OR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.08-1.65). For the seven surgery trials, which report all minority groups together, minorities as a group had a nonsignificantly higher overall consent rate than non-Hispanic whites (65.8% versus 47.8%; OR = 1.26; 95% CI 0.89-1.77). Given the preponderance of US sites, the vast majority of these individuals from minority groups were African-Americans or Hispanics from the US. Conclusions We found very small differences in the willingness of minorities, most of whom were African-Americans and Hispanics in the US, to participate in health research compared to non-Hispanic whites. These findings, based on the research enrollment decisions of over 70,000 individuals, the vast majority from the US, suggest that racial and ethnic minorities in the US are as willing as non-Hispanic whites to participate in health research. Hence, efforts to increase minority participation in health research should focus on ensuring access to health research for all groups, rather than changing minority attitudes. C1 NIH, Dept Clin Bioeth, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Off Behav & Social Sci Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Haven, CT USA. Stat Collaborat, Washington, DC USA. Emory Univ, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Gen Internal Med Sect, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Wendler, D (reprint author), NIH, Dept Clin Bioeth, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dwendler@nih.gov NR 64 TC 285 Z9 285 U1 1 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 201 EP 210 AR e19 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030019 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 034OC UT WOS:000236937300013 PM 16318411 ER PT J AU Janssens, ACJW Gwinn, M Subramonia-Iyer, S Khoury, MJ AF Janssens, ACJW Gwinn, M Subramonia-Iyer, S Khoury, MJ TI Does genetic testing really improve the prediction of future type 2 diabetes? SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Janssens, ACJW (reprint author), Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM a.janssens@erasmusmc.nl RI janssens, cecile/L-1075-2015; OI Janssens, A Cecile/0000-0002-6153-4976 NR 6 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 270 EP 271 AR e114 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030114 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 034OC UT WOS:000236937300027 PM 16492078 ER PT J AU Woodruff, BA Blanck, HM Slutsker, L Cookson, ST Larson, MK Duffield, A Bhatia, R AF Woodruff, BA Blanck, HM Slutsker, L Cookson, ST Larson, MK Duffield, A Bhatia, R TI Anaemia, iron status and vitamin A deficiency among adolescent refugees in Kenya and Nepal SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE adolescents; dietary iron; anaemia; Vitamin A deficiency; micronutrients; refugees ID NIGHT BLINDNESS; BETA-CAROTENE; MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREGNANCY; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; RECOMMENDATIONS; CHILDREN; RETINOL AB Objective: To investigate the prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin < 11.0 to 13.0 g dl(-1) depending on age and sex group), iron deficiency (transferrin receptor concentration > 8.3 mu g ml(-1)) and vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol < 0.7 mu mol l(-1)) in adolescent refugees. Design: Cross-sectional surveys. Setting: Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya and seven refugee camps in Nepal. Subjects: Adolescent refugee residents in these camps. Results: Anaemia was present in 46% (95% confidence interval (CI): 42-51) of adolescents in Kenya and in 24% (95% CI: 20-28) of adolescents in Nepal. The sensitivity of palmar pallor in detecting anaemia was 21%. In addition, 43% (95% CI: 36-50) and 53% (95% CI: 46-61) of adolescents in Kenya and Nepal, respectively, had iron deficiency. In both surveys, anaemia occurred more commonly among adolescents with iron deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency was found in 15% (95% CI: 10-20) of adolescents in Kenya and 30% (95% CI: 24-37) of adolescents in Nepal. Night blindness was not more common in adolescents with vitamin A deficiency than in those without vitamin A deficiency. In Kenya, one of the seven adolescents with Bitot's spots had vitamin A deficiency. Conclusions: Anaemia, iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency are common among adolescents in refugee populations. Such adolescents need to increase intakes of these nutrients; however, the lack of routine access makes programmes targeting adolescents difficult. Adolescent refugees should be considered for assessment along with other at-risk groups in displaced populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, State & Local Publ Hlth Syst Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Country Program Support Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Save Children UK, London, England. World Food Programme Reg Bur Asia, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Woodruff, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM BWoodruff@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1079/PHN2005825 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 012LU UT WOS:000235341500005 PM 16480530 ER PT J AU Murono, EP Derk, RC Akgul, Y AF Murono, EP Derk, RC Akgul, Y TI In vivo exposure of young adult male rats to methoxychlor reduces serum testosterone levels and ex vivo Leydig cell testosterone formation and cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methoxychlor; adult male rats; testosterone ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS ALPHA; CYTOCHROME-P-450 ENZYMES; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY; PESTICIDE METHOXYCHLOR; METABOLITE; DDT; 2,2-BIS(P-HYDROXYPHENYL)-1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE; TRENDS; TESTIS AB Methoxychlor (MC) was developed as a replacement for the banned pesticide DDT. After in vivo administration, it is metabolized in the liver to 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1, 1, 1-trichloroethane (HPTE), which is proposed to be the active agent. Both MC and HPTE have been shown to exhibit weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, and they are thought to exert their effects through estrogen and androgen receptors, respectively. Although in vitro studies using cultured rat Leydig cells have reported that HPTE inhibits both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation, the response of circulating testosterone levels to in vivo MC has been more variable. Therefore, the current studies evaluated whether the daily in vivo administration of MC (0, 5, 40 and 200 mg/kg body weight) for a short duration (days 54-60 of age) by gavage altered serum testosterone levels and ex vivo Leydig cell testosterone formation in young adult male rats. These results demonstrate that both fluid-retained and fluid-expressed seminal vesicle weights declined to 44 and 60% of control, respectively, in the 200 mg/kg MC-exposed animals. Similarly, serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone levels declined to 41 and 45% of control, respectively, in the 200 mg/kg MC-exposed animals; however, serum LH and FSH levels were unaffected. Ex vivo Leydig cell basal testosterone formation over 4 h declined to 49% of control in animals exposed to 200 mg/kg MC, and ex vivo Leydig cell P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity declined to 79 and 50% of control in animals exposed to 40 and 200 mg/kg of MC, respectively, supporting previous in vitro studies which demonstrated the sensitivity of this step to MC. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Murono, EP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, M-S L-2015,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM eem8@cdc.gov RI akgul, yucel/E-5599-2012; Akgul, Yucel/M-1745-2013 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.08.005 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 009OC UT WOS:000235120600002 PM 16226009 ER PT J AU Komar, N Clark, GG AF Komar, N Clark, GG TI West Nile virus activity in Latin America and the Caribbean SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; Latin America; Caribbean region; arboviruses; population surveillance; flavivirus ID SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; YUCATAN-STATE; MONROE COUNTY; UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA-KEYS; MEXICO; INFECTION; BIRDS; TRANSMISSION; SURVEILLANCE AB Objectives. West Nile virus (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae; WNV) has spread rapidly throughout the Caribbean Basin since its initial detection there in 2001. This report summarizes our current knowledge of WNV transmission in tropical America. Methods. We reviewed the published literature and consulted with key public health officials to obtain unpublished data. Results. West Nile virus infections first appeared in human residents of the Cayman Islands and the Florida Keys in 2001, and in apparently healthy Jamaican birds sampled early in 2002. Serologic evidence of WNV infection in 2002 was detected in horses, chickens and resident free-ranging birds in Guadeloupe, the Dominican Republic, and eastern Mexico. In 2003, WNV spread in Mexico and northern Central America, and serologic evidence was detected in the Bahamas, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 2004, the first serologic evidence of WNV activity in South American ecosystems surfaced in September-October in Colombia and Trinidad, where domestic animals circulated WNV-neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions. The sparse reports of equine, human and avian disease in Latin America and the Caribbean is puzzling. Isolates are needed to evaluate viral attenuation or other possible explanations for reduced disease burden in tropical ecosystems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM nkomar@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 122 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 18 PU PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD FEB PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1590/S1020-49892006000200006 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 026AT UT WOS:000236309800006 PM 16551385 ER PT J AU Park, RM Stayner, LT AF Park, RM Stayner, LT TI A search for thresholds and other nonlinearities in the relationship between hexavalent chromium and lung cancer SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE burden; dose rate; nonlinear exposure response; threshold; two-stage ID QUANTITATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; CHEMICAL PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION WORKERS; DOSE-RESPONSE; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; COHORT; INDUSTRY AB The exposure-response relationship for airborne hexavalent chromium exposure and lung cancer mortality is well described by a linear relative rate model. However, categorical analyses have been interpreted to suggest the presence of a threshold. This study investigates nonlinear features of the exposure response in a cohort of 2,357 chemical workers with 122 lung cancer deaths. In Poisson regression, a simple model representing a two-step carcinogenesis process was evaluated. In a one-stage context, fractional polynomials were investigated. Cumulative exposure dose metrics were examined corresponding to cumulative exposure thresholds, exposure intensity (concentration) thresholds, dose-rate effects, and declining burden of accumulated effect on future risk. A simple two-stage model of carcinogenesis provided no improvement in fit. The best-fitting one-stage models used simple cumulative exposure with no threshold for exposure intensity and had sufficient power to rule out thresholds as large as 30 mu g/m(3) CrO3 (16 mu g/m(3) as Cr+6) (one-sided 95% confidence limit, likelihood ratio test). Slightly better-fitting models were observed with cumulative exposure thresholds of 0.03 and 0.5 mg-yr/m(3) (as CrO3) with and without an exposure-race interaction term, respectively. With the best model, cumulative exposure thresholds as large as 0.4 mg-yr/m(3) CrO3 were excluded (two-sided upper 95% confidence limit, likelihood ratio test). A small departure from dose-rate linearity was observed, corresponding to (intensity)(0.8) but was not statistically significant. Models in which risk-inducing damage burdens declined over time, based on half-lives ranging from 0.1 to 40 years, fit less well than assuming a constant burden. A half-life of 8 years or less was excluded (one-sided 95% confidence limit). Examination of nonlinear features of the hexavalent chromium-lung cancer exposure response in a population used in a recent risk assessment supports using the traditional (lagged) cumulative exposure paradigm: no intensity (concentration) threshold, linearity in intensity, and constant increment in risk following exposure. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Park, RM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Educ & Informat Div, MS C-15,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rhp9@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00709.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 014GQ UT WOS:000235468000012 PM 16492182 ER PT J AU Lofy, KH Hofmann, J Mosure, DJ Fine, DN Marrazzo, JM AF Lofy, KH Hofmann, J Mosure, DJ Fine, DN Marrazzo, JM TI Chlamydial infections among female adolescents screened in juvenile detention centers in Washington State, 1998-2002 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; WOMEN; RISK; PREVALENCE; JAILS; YOUTH; PREDICTORS; PERSISTENT; FACILITIES AB Objective: The objective of this study was to assess trends in Chlamydia trachomatis positivity and associated risk factors among detained female adolescents. Goal: The goal of this study was to determine trends in prevalence of chlamydia among detained female adolescents. Study Design: We retrospectively reviewed risk factor data and chlamydia results collected by providers during 1998-2002 at four large juvenile detention centers in Washington State that routinely screen female adolescents for C. trachomatis. Results: Of 3,593 tests, a total of 493 (13.7%) were positive for chlamydia. High chlamydia positivity was sustained throughout the 5-year period (range, 12.5-15.0%) with no statistically significant trends in positivity. Independent risk factors for chlamydial infection included report of more than one sex partner in the previous 60 days (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-2.04) and previous chlamydial infection within 12 months (adjusted OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.45-2.40). Conclusions: Efforts are needed to promote chlamydia screening programs in juvenile detention centers because these sites have access to high-risk sexually active female adolescents. C1 Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Washington State Dept Hlth & Epidemiol, Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis Epidemiol Sect, Shoreline, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Hlth Training, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Marrazzo, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Med, Mailbox 359931,325 9Th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM jmm2@u.washington.edu OI Marrazzo, Jeanne/0000-0002-9277-7364 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 33 IS 2 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000199761.55420.e8 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 008WB UT WOS:000235070300001 PM 16432475 ER PT J AU Bernstein, KT Zenilman, J Olthoff, G Marsiglia, VC Erbelding, EJ AF Bernstein, KT Zenilman, J Olthoff, G Marsiglia, VC Erbelding, EJ TI Gonorrhea reinfection among sexually transmitted disease clinic attendees in Baltimore, Maryland SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; SAN-FRANCISCO; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; STD; HIV AB Objectives: We hypothesized that an active follow-up program to assess for reinfection after gonorrhea treatment could be a useful disease control strategy. Goal: We evaluated an active follow-up and repeat testing program for all Baltimore sexually transmitted disease clinic patients diagnosed with gonorrhea. Study Design: From September 2003 to May 2004, all clients with a treated gonorrhea infection were advised to return 3 months later for repeat testing. If clients did not return as scheduled, field outreach was attempted. At follow-up visits, urine was tested for gonorrhea and consenting participants completed a behavioral survey. In addition, we reviewed morbidity records for any intercurrent gonorrhea infections reported during the project period. Results: Of the 667 participants diagnosed with gonorrhea at baseline, 54 had a gonorrhea reinfection diagnosed for an incidence of 13.8 per 100 person-years. One hundred seventy-eight (27%) either presented for a follow-up visit or were located through field efforts, and of these, 5 (2.8%) had gonorrhea detected on follow-up urine testing. No measured factors had predictive value in identifying gonorrhea reinfection. Conclusions: Although reinfection rates were high, we found that field staff intervention to increase follow-up testing rates did not identify a significant amount of repeat infections compared with passive surveillance. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Baltimore Cty Dept Hlth, Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent Program, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Std Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bernstein, KT (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, 462 1st Ave,3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM kyle.bernstein@med.nyu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32AI50056, K24AI01633] NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 33 IS 2 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000187233.53622.8a PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 008WB UT WOS:000235070300004 PM 16432478 ER PT J AU Cole, JW Song, Q O'Connell, JR Stine, OC Gallagher, M Giles, WH Mitchell, BD Wozniak, MA Stern, BJ Sorkin, JD Reinhart, LJ Xu, Q Gibbons, GH Kittner, SJ AF Cole, JW Song, Q O'Connell, JR Stine, OC Gallagher, M Giles, WH Mitchell, BD Wozniak, MA Stern, BJ Sorkin, JD Reinhart, LJ Xu, Q Gibbons, GH Kittner, SJ TI A gene-environment interaction between phosphodiesterase 4D genotype and cigarette smoking influences stroke risk: The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Stroke Conference CY FEB 16-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP Amer Stroke Assoc C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 633 EP 633 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 005NJ UT WOS:000234829800159 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Dueker, N Jamieson, DJ Cole, JW Wozniak, MA Stern, BJ Giles, WH Kittner, SJ AF Brown, DW Dueker, N Jamieson, DJ Cole, JW Wozniak, MA Stern, BJ Giles, WH Kittner, SJ TI Preeclampsia and the risk of ischemic stroke among young women: Results from the Stroke Prevention in Young Women Study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Stroke Conference CY FEB 16-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP Amer Stroke Assoc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Baltimore Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 642 EP 642 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 005NJ UT WOS:000234829800200 ER PT J AU Yoon, S Zheng, ZJ AF Yoon, S Zheng, ZJ TI Validity of self-reported hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and overweight among US adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination 1999-2002 SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Stroke Conference CY FEB 16-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP Amer Stroke Assoc C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 716 EP 716 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 005NJ UT WOS:000234829800565 ER PT J AU Caraballo, RS Pederson, LL Gupta, N AF Caraballo, RS Pederson, LL Gupta, N TI New tobacco products: do smokers like them? SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID HARM REDUCTION; AVAILABILITY; CIGARETTES; RISK AB Background: There is little information about smokers who tried potentially reduced exposure products (PREPs) (Eclipse (R), Omni (R), Advance Lights (R), Accord (R), or Ariva (R)), why they tried them, if they liked these products, and if they will continue to use them. Objectives: The objectives of this qualitative study were to understand: (1) how smokers who tried PREPs learned about them, (2) reasons for first trying PREPs, (3) which PREP(s) they tried, (4) what they thought of the product at first trial, (5) reasons for continuing or discontinuing use, and (6) whether they would recommend PREPs to others. Design: In October 2002, 16 focus group sessions were conducted with current cigarette smokers aged 30 - 50 years: eight groups in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and eight in Dallas, Texas. Specific focus groups were composed of white men, white women, African American men, African American women, Hispanic men, or Hispanic women. Results: The majority of the participants learned about PREPs through advertising or promotion, family, friends, and co-workers; major reasons given for first trying PREPs were that the products were free or inexpensive, they wanted to stop smoking, they believed the product claims of fewer health risks, or they were curious; most of them tried Eclipse (R) probably because the focus groups were conducted in the same cities where Eclipse (R) was introduced; most participants did not like PREPs; most discontinued the use of PREPS, some who continued to use them did so infrequently and also kept smoking their regular brands of cigarettes; and most would not recommend PREPs, although a few might recommend them to specific groups (for example, new smokers, the young, women, curious or health conscious people). Conclusions: Although most established smokers did not like the PREPs they tried and will not recommend them to anyone, a minority of established smokers believe that there may be a market for these products. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Caraballo, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K-50,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rfc8@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1136/tc.205.012856 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 005RS UT WOS:000234842100016 PM 16436404 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB Day, GA Hoover, MD Breysse, PN Scripsick, RC AF Stefaniak, AB Day, GA Hoover, MD Breysse, PN Scripsick, RC TI Differences in dissolution behavior in a phagolysosomal simulant fluid for single-constituent and multi-constituent materials associated with beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE beryllium; multi-constituent aerosol; dissolution; phagolysosome ID IN-VITRO DISSOLUTION; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; LONG-TERM; OXIDE; PARTICLES; ALLOY; METAL; CLEARANCE; AEROSOLS; EXPOSURE AB Particle dissolution within macrophage phagolysosomes is hypothesized to be an important source of dissolved beryllium for input to the cell-mediated immune reaction associated with development of beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). To better understand the dissolution of beryllium materials associated with elevated prevalence of sensitization and CBD, single-constituent (beryllium oxide (BeO) particles sampled from a screener operation, finished product BeO powder, finish product beryllium metal powder) and multi-constituent (particles sampled from an arc furnace during processing of copper-beryllium alloy) aerosol materials were studied. Dissolution rates were measured using phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF) in a static dissolution technique and then normalized to measured values of specific surface area to calculate a chemical dissolution rate constant (k) for each material. Values of k, in g/(cm(2) day), for screener BeO particles (1.3 +/- 1.9 x 10(-8)) and for BeO powder (1.1 +/- 0.5 x 10(-8)) were similar (p = 0.45). The value of k observed for beryllium metal powder (1.1 +/- 1.4 x 10(-7)) was significantly greater than observed for the BeO materials (p < 0.0003). For arc furnace particles, k (1.6 +/- 0.6 x 10(-7)) was significantly greater than observed for the BeO materials (p < 0.00001), despite the fact that the chemical form of beryllium in the aerosol was BeO. These results suggest that dissolution of beryllium differs among physicochemical forms of beryllium and direct measurement of dissolution is needed for multi-constituent aerosol. Additional studies of the dissolution behavior of beryllium materials in a variety of mixture configurations will aid in developing exposure-response models to improve understanding of the risk of beryllium sensitization and CBD. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ind Hyg & Safety Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Stefaniak, AB (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop H-2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM astefaniak@cdc.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012; Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07141]; NIOSH CDC HHS [1R03 OH007447-01] NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 82 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.06.031 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 009RJ UT WOS:000235129700009 PM 16061346 ER PT J AU Alvarado-Ramy, F Kuehnert, MJ Alonso-Echanove, J Sledge, L Haley, NR Epstein, J Vostal, J Pearson, ML AF Alvarado-Ramy, F Kuehnert, MJ Alonso-Echanove, J Sledge, L Haley, NR Epstein, J Vostal, J Pearson, ML TI A multistate cluster of red blood cell transfusion reactions associated with use of a leucocyte reduction filter SO TRANSFUSION MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE blood safety; leucocyte reduction; transfusion reactions ID COMPONENTS AB In 2000, the American Red Cross (ARC) received reports of unusual transfusion reactions of unknown aetiology among patients receiving leucocyte-reduced (LR) red blood cell (RBC) units in multiple distribution regions. We evaluated potential risk factors of reactions among patients who received LR-RBC transfusions. A case-patient was defined as any patient with onset of back pain while receiving an LR-RBC transfusion from 1 January to 25 May 2000. Controls were chosen randomly and selected in a 1:3 case : control ratio from healthcare facilities in which case-patients were transfused. Product-specific risk factors of reactions were further determined through nested case-control study, procedural review of blood collection facility and quality-control-testing record review of product processing. Reaction incidence rates were determined through ARC blood product distribution data by region of blood collection and processing. There were 29 reactions detected in patients who received transfusions in 13 healthcare facilities in five states. Eighteen case-patients and 78 controls were included in the case-control study. In univariate analysis, case-patients were more likely than controls to have a haematologic malignancy, to have received the transfusion as an outpatient, to have received an RBC transfusion within the previous 3 months, to have received medication used to prevent reactions or to diminish their intensity upon transfusion (i.e. premedication) or to have received LR-RBC units prepared with the HemaSure r\LS System (TM) (HS) rather than two other filters used. In multivariate analysis limited to recipients of HS-filtered RBC units, transfusion premedication [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-37; P = 0.02] and transfusion as an outpatient (AOR = 5; 95% CI 1.1-20; P = 0.03) were independently associated with reactions. The rate of reported transfusion reactions was 2.0 reactions per 10 000 RBC units distributed. A multistate cluster of transfusion reactions was significantly associated with leucocyte filtration of RBC units prepared with a specific product, the HS filter. The reactions also were independently associated with premedication and transfusion as an outpatient; these may be surrogates for an increased risk of reaction or for greater likelihood of detection. The mechanism for these reactions has not been elucidated. This cluster of reactions underscores the importance of surveillance efforts to detect adverse events after transfusion, particularly when new methods to modify blood products are introduced. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Red Cross, Blood Serv, Arlington, VA USA. US FDA, Ctr Blood Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkuehnert@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-7578 J9 TRANSFUSION MED JI Transfus. Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00646.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 012SC UT WOS:000235358700005 PM 16480438 ER PT J AU Gimnig, JE Lindblade, KA Dotson, E Hawley, WA AF Gimnig, JE Lindblade, KA Dotson, E Hawley, WA TI Letter to the editors SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gimnig, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F42,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD FEB PY 2006 VL 11 IS 2 BP 252 EP 253 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01574.x PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 008TW UT WOS:000235064600016 PM 16451350 ER PT J AU Vernon, SD Whistler, T Cameron, B Hickie, IB Reeves, WC Lloyd, A AF Vernon, SD Whistler, T Cameron, B Hickie, IB Reeves, WC Lloyd, A TI Preliminary evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with post-infective fatigue after acute infection with Epstein Barr Virus SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MONONUCLEOSIS; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR; DEFICITS; CELLS; MOOD; RNA AB Background: Acute infectious diseases are typically accompanied by non-specific symptoms including fever, malaise, irritability and somnolence that usually resolve on recovery. However, in some individuals these symptoms persist in what is commonly termed post-infective fatigue. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the gene expression correlates of post-infective fatigue following acute Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection. Methods: We followed 5 people with acute mononucleosis who developed post-infective fatigue of more than 6 months duration and 5 HLA-matched control subjects who recovered within 3 months. Subjects had peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples collected at varying time points including at diagnosis, then every 2 weeks for 3 months, then every 3 months for a year. Total RNA was extracted from the PBMC samples and hybridized to microarrays spotted with 3,800 oligonucleotides. Results: Those who developed post-infective fatigue had gene expression profiles indicative of an altered host response during acute mononucleosis compared to those who recovered uneventfully. Several genes including ISG20 (interferon stimulated gene), DNAJB2 (DnaJ [Hsp40] homolog and CD99), CDK8 (cyclin-dependent kinase 8), E2F2 (E2F transcription factor 2), CDK8 (cyclin-dependent kinase 8), and ACTN2 (actinin, alpha 2), known to be regulated during EBV infection, were differentially expressed in post-infective fatigue cases. Several of the differentially expressed genes affect mitochondrial functions including fatty acid metabolism and the cell cycle. Conclusion: These preliminary data provide insights into alterations in gene transcripts associated with the varied clinical outcomes from acute infectious mononucleosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Sydney, Brain & Mind Res Inst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Vernon, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM svernon@cdc.gov; taw6@cdc.gov; b.cameron@unsw.edu.au; ianh@med.usyd.edu.au; wcr1@cdc.gov; a.lloyd@unsw.edu.au RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU019851-01] NR 34 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 15 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-6-15 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 013HD UT WOS:000235399500001 PM 16448567 ER PT J AU Toraason, M Lynch, DW DeBord, DG Singh, N Krieg, E Butler, MA Toennis, CA Nemhauser, JB AF Toraason, M Lynch, DW DeBord, DG Singh, N Krieg, E Butler, MA Toennis, CA Nemhauser, JB TI DNA damage in leukocytes of workers occupationally exposed to 1-bromopropane SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE bromopropane; comet assay; DNA damage; leukocytes; humans; GSTM1; GSTT1 ID LAYER DEPLETING SOLVENTS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; INHALATION EXPOSURE; BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES; STRAND BREAKS; LEYDIG-CELLS; BROMIDE ION; 2-BROMOPROPANE AB 1-Bromopropane (1-BP; n-propyl bromide) (CAS No. 106-94-5) is an alternative to ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons that has a variety of potential applications as a degreasing agent for metals and electronics, and as a solvent vehicle for spray adhesives. Its isomer, 2-brompropane (2-BP; isopropyl bromide) (CAS No. 75-26-3) impairs antioxidant cellular defenses, enhances lipid peroxidation, and causes DNA damage in vitro. The present study had two aims. The first was to assess DNA damage in human leukocytes exposed in vitro to 1- or 2-BP. DNA damage was also assessed in peripheral leukocytes from workers with occupational exposure to I-BR In the latter assessment, start-of- and end-of-work week blood and urine samples were collected from 41 and 22 workers at two facilities where I-BP was used as a solvent for spray adhesives in foam cushion fabrication. Exposure to 1-BP was assessed from personal-breathing zone samples collected for 1-3 days up to 8 h per day for calculation of 8 h time weighted average (TWA) 1-BP concentrations. Bromide (Br) was measured in blood and urine as a biomarker of exposure. Overall, 1-BP TWA concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 271 parts per million (ppm) at facility A, and from 4 to 27 ppm at facility B. The highest exposures were to workers classified as sprayers. 1-BP TWA concentrations were statistically significantly correlated with blood and urine Br concentrations. The comet assay was used to estimate DNA damage. In vitro, 1- or 2-BP induced a statistically significant increase in DNA damage at 1 mM. In I-BP exposed workers, start-of- and end-of-workweek comet endpoints were stratified based on job classification. There were no significant differences in DNA damage in leukocytes between workers classified as sprayers C 9 (high 1-BP exposure) and those classified as non-sprayers (low 1-BP exposure). At the facility with the high exposures, comparison of end-of-week values with start-of-week values using paired analysis revealed non-sprayers had significantly increased comet tail moments, and sprayers had significantly increased comet tail moment dispersion coefficients. A multivariate analysis included combining the data sets from both facilities, log transformation of 1-BP exposure indices, and the use of multiple linear regression models for each combination of DNA damage and exposure indices including exposure quartiles. The covariates were gender, age, smoking status, facility, and glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 (GSTM1, GSTT1) polymorphisms. In the regression models, start-of-week comet tail moment in leukocytes was significantly associated with serum Br quartiles. End-of-week comet tail moment was significantly associated with 1-BP TWA quartiles, and serum Br quartiles. Gender, facility, and GSTM1 had a significant effect in one or more models. Additional associations were not identified from assessment of dispersion coefficients. In vitro and in vivo results provide limited evidence that 1-BP exposure may pose a small fisk for increasing DNA damage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Toraason, M (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mtoraason@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 603 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.08.015 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 011ML UT WOS:000235272300001 PM 16412685 ER PT J AU Borghi, E de Onis, M Garza, C Van den Broeek, J Frongillo, EA Grummer-Strawn, L Van Buuren, S Pan, H Molinari, L Martorell, R Onyango, AW Martines, JC AF Borghi, E de Onis, M Garza, C Van den Broeek, J Frongillo, EA Grummer-Strawn, L Van Buuren, S Pan, H Molinari, L Martorell, R Onyango, AW Martines, JC TI Construction of the World Health Organization child growth standards: selection of methods for attained growth curves SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE growth curves; child growth; standards; skewness; kurtosis; smoothing ID AGE-RELATED CENTILES; BODY-MASS INDEX; REFERENCE RANGES; LONGITUDINAL DATA; REFERENCE INTERVALS; PENALIZED LIKELIHOOD; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; REGRESSION; WEIGHT AB The World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with a number of research institutions worldwide, is developing new child growth standards. As part of a broad consultative process for selecting the best statistical methods, WHO convened a group of statisticians and child growth experts to review available methods, develop a strategy for assessing their strengths and weaknesses, and discuss methodological issues likely to be faced in the process of constructing the new growth curves. To select the method(s) to be used, the group proposed a two-stage decision-making process. First, to select a few relevant methods based on a list of set criteria and, second, to compare the methods using available tests or other established procedures. The group reviewed 30 methods for attained growth curves. Using the pre-defined criteria, a few were selected combining five distributions and two smoothing techniques. Because the number of selected methods was considered too large to be fully tested, a preliminary study was recommended to evaluate goodness of fit of the five distributions. Methods based on distributions with poor performance will be eliminated and the remaining methods fully tested and compared. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 WHO, Dept Nutr, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. UN, Food & Nutr Program, Ithaca, NY USA. Africa Ctr Hlth & Populat Studies, Kwa Zulu, South Africa. Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. TNO Prevent & Hlth, Leiden, Netherlands. Inst Child Hlth, London, England. Kinderspital Zurich, Abt Wachstum & Entwicklung, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. Emory Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. WHO, Dept Child & Adolescent Hlth & Behav, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP de Onis, M (reprint author), WHO, Dept Nutr, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM deonism@who.int RI Martorell, Reynaldo /I-2539-2012; OI Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180 NR 67 TC 106 Z9 116 U1 4 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 247 EP 265 DI 10.1002/sim.2227 PG 19 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 006RY UT WOS:000234915900006 PM 16143968 ER PT J AU Benkovic, SA O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB AF Benkovic, SA O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB TI Regional neuropathology following kainic acid intoxication in adult and aged C57BL/6J mice SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE age factor; excitotoxicity; gliosis; neuropathology ID RAT-BRAIN; DOPAMINERGIC NEUROTOXICITY; TRANSNEURONAL DEGENERATION; CONTRALATERAL HIPPOCAMPUS; NEURONAL DEGENERATION; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; INDUCED SEIZURES; INDUCED LESIONS; CNS INJURY; CELL-DEATH AB We evaluated regional neuropathological changes in adult and aged male mice treated systemically with kainic acid (KA) in a strain reported to be resistant to excitotoxic neuronal damage, C57BL/6. KA was administered in a single intraperitoneal injection. Adult animals were dosed with 35 mg/kg KA, while aged animals received a dose of 20 mg/kg in order to prevent excessive mortality. At time-points ranging from 12 h to 7 days post-treatment, animals were sacrificed and prepared for histological evaluation utilizing the cupric-silver neurodegeneration stain, immunohistochemistry for GFAP and IgG, and lectin staining. In animals of both ages, KA produced argyrophilia in neurons throughout cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala. Semi-quantitative analysis of neuropathology revealed a similar magnitude of damage in animals of both ages, even though aged animals received less toxicant. Additional animals were evaluated for KA-induced reactive gliosis, assayed by an ELISA for GFAP, which revealed a 2-fold elevation in protein levels in adult mice, and a 2.5-fold elevation in aged animals. Histochemical evaluation of GFAP and lectin staining revealed activation of astrocytes and microglia in regions with corresponding argyrophilia. IgG immunostaining revealed a KA-induced breach of the blood-brain barrier in animals of both ages. Our data indicate widespread neurotoxicity following kainic acid treatment in C57BL/6J mice, and reveal increased sensitivity to this excitotoxicant in aged animals. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Miller, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Mailstop 3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM dum6@cdc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013 NR 65 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 1070 IS 1 BP 215 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.065 PG 17 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 023BB UT WOS:000236099000024 PM 16403473 ER PT J AU Davies, M Engel, J Griffin, D Ginzl, D Hopkins, R Blackmore, C Lawaczec, E Nathan, L Levy, C Briggs, G Kioski, C Kreis, S Keen, J Durso, L Schulte, J Fullerton, K Long, C Smith, S Barton, C Gleit, C Joyner, M Montgomery, S Braden, C Goode, B Chertow, D O'Reilly, C Gupta, S Dunn, J AF Davies, M Engel, J Griffin, D Ginzl, D Hopkins, R Blackmore, C Lawaczec, E Nathan, L Levy, C Briggs, G Kioski, C Kreis, S Keen, J Durso, L Schulte, J Fullerton, K Long, C Smith, S Barton, C Gleit, C Joyner, M Montgomery, S Braden, C Goode, B Chertow, D O'Reilly, C Gupta, S Dunn, J TI Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 associated with petting Zoos - North Carolina, Florida, and Arizona, 2004 and 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1277-1280, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES C1 Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Davies, M (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 4 BP 378 EP 380 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 005QJ UT WOS:000234838600008 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, F Purswani, M Fazal, B Burrowes, A Granville, K Driver, C Clark, C Munsiff, S Ruggiero, D Ijaz, K Jereb, J Haddad, M Heyman, B Finlay, A AF Fitzpatrick, F Purswani, M Fazal, B Burrowes, A Granville, K Driver, C Clark, C Munsiff, S Ruggiero, D Ijaz, K Jereb, J Haddad, M Heyman, B Finlay, A TI Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in a newborn nursery and maternity ward - New York City, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1280-1284, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, F (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 4 BP 380 EP 382 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 005QJ UT WOS:000234838600009 ER PT J AU Tierney, EF Gregg, EW Narayan, KMV AF Tierney, EF Gregg, EW Narayan, KMV TI Leading causes of death in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID MORTALITY; TRENDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tierney, EF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ext5@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 4 BP 383 EP 383 DI 10.1001/jama.295.4.383-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 005QJ UT WOS:000234838600010 PM 16434624 ER PT J AU Maloney, SA Fielding, KL Laserson, KF Jones, W Yen, NTN An, DQ Phuoc, NH Trinh, NA Nhung, DTC Mai, VTC Seawright, MF O'Rourke, T Lien, TX Lan, NTN Binkin, N Cetron, MS AF Maloney, SA Fielding, KL Laserson, KF Jones, W Yen, NTN An, DQ Phuoc, NH Trinh, NA Nhung, DTC Mai, VTC Seawright, MF O'Rourke, T Lien, TX Lan, NTN Binkin, N Cetron, MS TI Assessing the performance of overseas tuberculosis screening programs - A study among US-bound immigrants in Vietnam SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; ACID-FAST BACILLI; UNITED-STATES; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; C-18-CARBOXYPROPYLBETAINE; SPECIMENS; REFUGEES; COUNTY; SMEAR; CULTURE AB Background: Tuberculosis cases in foreign-born persons account for more than 50% of all tuberculosis cases in the United States. The Institute of Medicine has recommended enhancing overseas screening as one measure to support tuberculosis elimination efforts. We assessed the ability of overseas tuberculosis screening (chest radiograph followed by 3 acid-fast bacilli sputum smears for persons with abnormal chest radiographs [suggestive of active tuberculosis]) to detect pulmonary tuberculosis disease among US-bound immigrants with abnormal chest radiographs. Methods: During October 1998 to October 1999, 14 098 US immigrant visa applicants were screened overseas in Vietnam. Adult applicants with abnormal chest radiographs were enrolled to assess screening test characteristics among this group using mycobacterial culture as the gold standard for pulmonary tuberculosis disease diagnosis. Risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis disease were also evaluated. Results: Among 1179 adult applicants with abnormal chest radiographs, 82 (7.0%) had positive acid-fast bacilli smear results, and 183 (15.5%) had positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture results (pulmonary tuberculosis disease). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of serial acid-fast bacilli screening among this group were 34.4% (63/183), 98.1% (977/996), 76.8% (63/82), and 89.1% (977/1097), respectively. Risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis disease included younger age (18-34 years), no history of tuberculosis or treatment, reported symptoms, and cavitation or consolidation on chest radiograph. Conclusions: The ability of current overseas screening to detect tuberculosis among immigrants with abnormal chest radiographs is low. Improved diagnostic methods, enhanced screening measures, and postmigration follow-up are essential to control tuberculosis among immigrants and support US and global tuberculosis elimination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Int Org Migrat, Geneva, Switzerland. Cho Ray Hosp, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Inst Pasteur, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Pham Ngoc Thach Natl TB & Lung Dis Ctr, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Super Sanita, Rome, Italy. RP Maloney, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU Medical Research Council [G0700837] NR 37 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0003-9926 EI 1538-3679 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 166 IS 2 BP 234 EP 240 DI 10.1001/archinte.166.2.234 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 004RH UT WOS:000234769400016 PM 16432095 ER PT J AU Lodmell, DL Ewalt, LC Parnell, MJ Rupprecht, CE Hanlon, CA AF Lodmell, DL Ewalt, LC Parnell, MJ Rupprecht, CE Hanlon, CA TI One-time intradermal DNA vaccination in ear pinnae one year prior to infection protects dogs against rabies virus SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rabies; dogs; one-time DNA vaccination; 100% long-term protection; ear pinna ID NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINES; MICE AB Rabid dog exposures result in > 99% of human rabies deaths worldwide. Ninety-eight percent of these cases occur in developing countries. Thus, the best protection against human rabies would be prevention through adequate vaccination of the reservoir population. The difficulty in re-locating ownerless, freely roaming dogs for booster vaccinations, in addition to poor coverage with inadequate vaccines, suggests that a potentially inexpensive vaccine that elicits long-term protection after a single-dose could improve control of canine rabies in developing countries. One solution could be a DNA vaccine. We have previously determined that dogs vaccinated intradermally (i.d.) in ear pinnae with a rabies DNA vaccine expressing a rabies virus glycoprotein (G) produce high levels of neutralizing antibody that persist for at least 6 months. In the present study, we determined whether a one-time W. rabies DNA vaccination into ear pinnae 1 year before viral challenge would protect dogs against rabies virus. The dogs did not receive a booster vaccination. All dogs (100%) vaccinated W. in each ear pinna with 50 mu g of rabies DNA vaccine, or intramuscular (i.m.) with a commercial canine rabies vaccine survived a lethal dose of rabies vir-us. In contrast, 100% of dogs vaccinated i.m. with 100 mu g of rabies DNA developed rabies, as did 100% of negative control dogs that were vaccinated W. in each ear pinna or i.m. with DNA that did not express the rabies virus G. The data suggest that a one-time W. rabies DNA vaccination into ear pinnae offers a new approach to facilitate control of endemic canine rabies in developing countries. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch,Div Viral & R, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lodmell, DL (reprint author), NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, 903 S 4th St, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. EM dlodmell@nih.gov NR 18 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 412 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.003 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 008OZ UT WOS:000235051600003 PM 16153757 ER PT J AU Muralles, AA Ray, P Black, S Shinefield, H Casey, CG Campbell, S Chen, RT AF Muralles, AA Ray, P Black, S Shinefield, H Casey, CG Campbell, S Chen, RT CA CISA Network TI Active telephone surveillance to evaluate adverse events among civilian smallpox vaccine recipients SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE smallpox; vaccinia; safety ID COMPLICATIONS AB Objective: Better characterize and monitor adverse events following Dryvax (R) vaccinia vaccination in civilian health care workers and other first responders. Design: Telephone interviews to ascertain adverse events experienced. Results: Eight hundred twenty-five vaccinees, including 44 in the comparison group, were interviewed. At 10 days, 71.4% reported blisters, 35.1% reported bumps at the vaccination site, 48.5% swelling, 47.3% scab, tiredness/lethargy/fatigue (43.6%), headache (34.2%), lymph node swelling/tenderness (28.5%), muscle pain (23.1%), chills (14.4%), joint pain 11.8%, and fever > 100 degrees F(12.5%). The 12.5% reported missing work because of vaccine adverse events. Most adverse events were anticipated and of short duration. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Black, S (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, 1 Kaiser Plaza,16th Floor, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM Steve.black@kp.org OI Casey, Christine/0000-0002-6163-2277 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 476 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.089 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 008OZ UT WOS:000235051600011 PM 16216396 ER PT J AU Gambaryan, A Tuzikov, A Pazynina, G Bovin, N Balish, A Klimov, A AF Gambaryan, A Tuzikov, A Pazynina, G Bovin, N Balish, A Klimov, A TI Evolution of the receptor binding phenotype of influenza A (H5) viruses SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE influenza virus; hemagglutinin; receptor specificity; host range ID SPECIFICITY; HEMAGGLUTININ; EPITHELIUM; SELECTION; CHICKENS; HUMANS; BIRDS; CELL AB Receptor specificity of influenza A/H5 viruses including human 2003-04 isolates was studied. All but two isolates preserved high affinity to Sia2-3Gal (avian-like) receptors. However, two isolates (February, 2003, Hong Kong) demonstrated decreased affinity to Sia2-3Gal and moderate affinity to a Sia2-6Gal (human-like) receptors. These two viruses had a unique Ser227-Asn change in the hemagglutinin molecule. Thus, a single amino acid substitution can significantly alter receptor specificity of avian H5N1 viruses, providing them with an ability to bind to receptors optimal for human influenza viruses. Asian 2003-04 H5 isolates from chickens and humans demonstrated highest affinity to the sulfated trisaccharide Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4(6-HSO3)GlcNAc beta (Su-3'SLN) receptor but, in contrast to 1997 isolates, had increased affinity to fucosylated Su-3'SLN. American poultry H5 viruses also had increased affinity to Su-3'SLN. These data demonstrate that the genetic evolution of avian influenza A(H5NI) viruses is accompanied during adaptation to poultry by the evolution of their receptor specificity. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Russian Acad Med Sci, Chumakov Inst Poliomyelitis & Viral Encephalitis, Moscow 142782, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, MM Shemyakin Bioorgan Chem Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Klimov, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gambar@com2com.ru; bovin@carb.ibch.ru; aklimov@cdc.gov RI Gambaryan, Alexandra/E-2667-2014 NR 21 TC 113 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 344 IS 2 BP 432 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2005.08.035 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 004UD UT WOS:000234776900018 PM 16226289 ER PT J AU Smith, TL Hayes, EB O'Leary, DR Nasci, RS Komar, N Campbell, GL Hinckley, A Kniss, K Lehman, JA Crall, ND Petersen, LR AF Smith, TL Hayes, EB O'Leary, DR Nasci, RS Komar, N Campbell, GL Hinckley, A Kniss, K Lehman, JA Crall, ND Petersen, LR CA CDC TI West Nile virus activity - United States, January 1-December 1, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1253-1256, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ENCEPHALITIS; EPIDEMIC C1 CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, TL (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 18 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 3 BP 266 EP 267 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 003LU UT WOS:000234684500008 ER PT J AU Felton, KJ Fry, AM Anderson, LJ AF Felton, KJ Fry, AM Anderson, LJ CA CDC TI Brief report: Respiratory syncytial virus activity - United States, 2004-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1259-1260, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID INFECTION; HOSPITALIZATIONS; INFLUENZA; CHILDREN; ADULTS C1 CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 18 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 3 BP 267 EP 268 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 003LU UT WOS:000234684500009 ER PT J AU Muto, C Herbert, C Harrison, E Edwards, JR Horan, T Andrus, M Jernigan, JA Kutty, PK AF Muto, C Herbert, C Harrison, E Edwards, JR Horan, T Andrus, M Jernigan, JA Kutty, PK CA CDC TI Reduction in central line-associated bloodstream infections among patients in intensive care units - Pennsylvania, April 2001-March 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1013-1016, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Presbyterian Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Allegheny Gen Hosp, W Penn Allegheny Hlth Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. Pittsburgh Reg Healthcare Initiat, Pittsburgh, PA USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Muto, C (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Presbyterian Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 18 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 3 BP 269 EP 270 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 003LU UT WOS:000234684500010 ER PT J AU Wasley, A Bell, B AF Wasley, A Bell, B TI Declining incidence of hepatitis A - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wasley, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM awasley@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 18 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 3 BP 282 EP 282 DI 10.1001/jama.295.3.282-b PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 003LU UT WOS:000234684500019 ER PT J AU Norrgran, J Bravo, R Bishop, AM Restrepo, P Whitehead, RD Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Norrgran, J Bravo, R Bishop, AM Restrepo, P Whitehead, RD Needham, LL Barr, DB TI Quantification of six herbicide metabolites in human urine SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE herbicide; urine; biomonitoring; HPLC-MS/MS; chloroacetanilide; alachlor; acetochlor; metolachlor; triazine; atrazine; 2,4-D ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AGRICULTURAL HEALTH; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; CUSTOM APPLICATORS; CANCER INCIDENCE; LC-MS/MS; ATRAZINE; BIOMARKERS; EXPOSURE AB We developed a sensitive, selective and precise method for measuring herbicide metabolites in human urine. Our method uses automated liquid delivery of internal standards and acetate buffer and a mixed polarity polymeric phase solid phase extraction of a 2 mL urine sample. The concentrated eluate is analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Isotope dilution calibration is used for quantification of all analytes. The limits of detection of our method range from 0.036 to 0.075 ng/mL. The within and between-day variation in pooled quality control samples range from 2.5 to 9.0% and from 3.2 to 16%, respectively, for all analytes at concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 12 ng/mL. Precision was similar with samples fortified with 0.1 and 0.25 ng/mL that were analyzed in each run. We validated our selective method against a less selective method used previously in our laboratory by analyzing human specimens using both methods. The methods produced results that were in agreement, with no significant bias observed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Edgewood Operat, Battelle Mem Inst, Bel Air, MD USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 34 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JAN 18 PY 2006 VL 830 IS 2 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.10.041 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 005ZG UT WOS:000234864300001 PM 16297668 ER PT J AU Podewils, LJ Guallar, E AF Podewils, LJ Guallar, E TI Mens sana in corpore sano SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DEMENTIA; RISK; EXERCISE; HEALTH; BRAIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Podewils, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lpp8@cdc.gov RI Guallar, Eliseo/D-3807-2014 OI Guallar, Eliseo/0000-0002-4471-9565 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 17 PY 2006 VL 144 IS 2 BP 135 EP 136 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 004AX UT WOS:000234725500010 PM 16418413 ER PT J AU Gu, QP Paulose-Ram, R Dillon, C Burt, V AF Gu, QP Paulose-Ram, R Dillon, C Burt, V TI Antihypertensive medication use among US adults with hypertension SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE hypertension; population; drugs ID ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; PHYSICIANS; HEALTH; METAANALYSIS; POPULATION; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE AB Background - High blood pressure can be controlled through existing antihypertensive drug therapy. This study examined trends in prescribed antihypertensive medication use among US adults with hypertension and compared drug utilization patterns with recommendations of the Sixth Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Methods and Results - Persons aged >= 18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were identified as hypertensive on the basis of either a blood pressure >= 140/90 mm Hg or self-reported current treatment for hypertension with a prescription medication. In 1999 - 2002, 62.9% of US hypertensive adults took a prescription antihypertensive medication compared with 57.3% during 1988 - 1994 ( P < 0.01). Men had the greatest increase in antihypertensive medication use (47.5%, 1988 - 1994 versus 57.9%, 1999 - 2002 [ P < 0.001]). In both surveys, antihypertensive medication use increased with age, was lower among men than among women, and was lower among Mexican Americans than among non-Hispanic whites and blacks. Multiple antihypertensive drug use increased from 29.1% to 35.8% ( P < 0.001). Polytherapy with a calcium channel blocker, beta-blocker, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor significantly increased by 30%, 42%, and 68%, respectively, whereas monotherapy with a diuretic or beta-blocker significantly decreased. For hypertensives with diabetes, congestive heart failure, or a prior heart attack, the utilization patterns closely followed the Sixth Joint National Committee guideline recommendations. Conclusions - Antihypertensive medication use and multiple antihypertensive medication use among US hypertensive adults increased over the past 10 years, but disparities by sociodemographic factors continue to exist. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Harris Corp, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Paulose-Ram, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4333, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM RPaulose@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JAN 17 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 2 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.542290 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 003JM UT WOS:000234677900011 PM 16391156 ER PT J AU Reller, ME Nelson, JM Molbak, K Ackman, DM Schoonmaker-Bopp, DJ Root, TP Mintz, ED AF Reller, ME Nelson, JM Molbak, K Ackman, DM Schoonmaker-Bopp, DJ Root, TP Mintz, ED TI A large, multiple-restaurant outbreak of infection with Shigella flexneri serotype 2a traced to tomatoes SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 24-27, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID FOODBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES; SALMONELLA-MONTEVIDEO; CHLORINATED WATER; SHREDDED LETTUCE; ICEBERG LETTUCE; FRESH PRODUCE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; SURVIVAL AB Background. Foodborne outbreaks of Shigella infection are uncommon and tomatoes are an unusual vehicle. We describe a large, multiple-restaurant outbreak of Shigella flexneri serotype 2a infection that was associated with tomatoes. Methods. We conducted nationwide surveillance and a case-control study, collected fecal specimens for culture, and measured the survival of the outbreak strain of S. flexneri in tomatoes. Results. We interviewed 306 of 886 ill restaurant patrons and 167 control subjects. Matched univariate analysis showed that several food items were associated with illness, but only tomatoes remained significant in multivariate models. Illness peaked at each restaurant within 24 h after the arrival of hand-sorted bruised and overripe tomatoes from a new distributor; all patient isolates that were tested were indistinguishable by PFGE. Sliced tomatoes from the distributor were inoculated with the outbreak strain, and viable S. flexneri were recovered for 72 h. Conclusion. To prevent such outbreaks, persons with shigellosis should be excluded from handling food at all points along the distribution chain. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Nassau Cty Dept Hlth, Mineola, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Reller, ME (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM megan.reller@tch.harvard.edu NR 35 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1086/498900 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 993UW UT WOS:000233981800001 PM 16355324 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC AF McDonald, LC TI Trends in antimicrobial resistance in health care - Associated pathogens and effect on treatment SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE INFECTION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; BETA-LACTAMASE; UNITED-STATES; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; NEW-YORK; VANCOMYCIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OUTBREAK AB Antimicrobial resistance in health care-associated pathogens is a growing concern for health care and for public health. A recent shift in the epidemiological profile of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has resulted not only in health care-associated infections but now, also, in community-associated infections. Reports have described S. aureus exhibiting decreased susceptibility and, even, resistance to vancomycin. The rate of vancomycin resistance among enterococci may be leveling; however, vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium has already achieved high levels. Multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is increasing, and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella strains are emerging. Acinetobacter species cause a minority of health care-associated pneumonias due to gram-negative organisms, but a growing proportion is resistant to carbapenems and third-generation cephalosporins. Recent increases in the frequency and severity of Clostridium difficile-associated illness are associated with the emergence of a hypervirulent C. difficile strain with increased resistance to the fluoroquinolones. The presence of these and other resistant organisms in health care facilities limits the number of effective antimicrobials available for treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CMcdonald1@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 70 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 42 SU 2 BP S65 EP S71 DI 10.1086/499404 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 994BC UT WOS:000234003700002 PM 16355319 ER PT J AU Wassmer, SC de Souza, JB Frere, G Candal, FJ Juhan-Vague, I Grau, GE AF Wassmer, SC de Souza, JB Frere, G Candal, FJ Juhan-Vague, I Grau, GE TI TGF-beta(1) released from activated platelets can induce TNF-stimulated human brain endothelium apoptosis: A new mechanism for microvascular lesion during cerebral malaria SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; IN-VITRO; TGF-BETA; CELLS; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTIONS; PATHOLOGY AB Platelets have recently been shown to accumulate in brain microvessels of patients with cerebral malaria and to modulate the binding of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red cells to human brain endothelium in vitro. In the present study we used a platelet-endothelial cell coculture model to investigate the mechanisms by which platelets modify the function of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBEC). Platelets were found to have a proapoptotic effect on TNF-activated HBEC, and this was contact-dependent, as inhibiting platelet binding prevented endothelial cell killing. We also showed that the supernatants of thrombin-activated platelets killed TNF-stimulated HBEC and that TGF-beta(1) was the main molecule involved in endothelial cell death, because its inhibition completely abrogated the activated-platelet supernatant effect. Our data illustrate another aspect of the duality of TGF-beta(1) in malaria and may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. C1 Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Sydney, NSW 2402, Australia. Univ Mediterranee, CNRS UMR 6020, Fac Med, IFR 48, Marseille, France. Univ Mediterranee, INSERM UMR 626, Fac Med, Lab Hematol Hemostase Fibrinolyse & Pathol Vasc, Marseille, France. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grau, GE (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, K25, Sydney, NSW 2402, Australia. EM g.grau@med.usyd.edu.au RI de Souza, Joseph/D-4979-2009; Grau, Georges/D-7690-2014 OI Grau, Georges/0000-0002-0442-0462 NR 25 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 176 IS 2 BP 1180 EP 1184 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 001RK UT WOS:000234553800062 PM 16394007 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Kruszon-Moran, D Hill, HA McQuillan, G McAllister, SK Fosheim, G McDougal, LK Chaitram, J Jensen, B Fridkin, SK Killgore, G Tenover, FC AF Kuehnert, MJ Kruszon-Moran, D Hill, HA McQuillan, G McAllister, SK Fosheim, G McDougal, LK Chaitram, J Jensen, B Fridkin, SK Killgore, G Tenover, FC TI Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in the United States, 2001-2002 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; CARRIAGE; COMMUNITY; INFECTION; POPULATION; BACTEREMIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROPHYLAXIS; DISEASE AB Background. Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of disease, particularly in colonized persons. Although methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection has become increasingly reported, population-based S. aureus and MRSA colonization estimates are lacking. Methods. Nasal samples for S. aureus culture and sociodemographic data were obtained from 9622 persons >= 1 year old as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001 - 2002. After screening for oxacillin susceptibility, MRSA and selected methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clonal type, toxin genes (e.g., for Panton-Valentine leukocidin [PVL]), and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type I-IV genes. Results. For 2001 - 2002, national S. aureus and MRSA colonization prevalence estimates were 32.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30.7%-34.1%) and 0.8% (95% CI, 0.4%-1.4%), respectively, and population estimates were 89.4 million persons (95% CI, 84.8-94.1 million persons) and 2.3 million persons ( 95% CI, 1.2-3.8 million persons), respectively. S. aureus colonization prevalence was highest in participants 6 - 11 years old. MRSA colonization was associated with age >= 60 years and being female but not with recent health-care exposure. In unweighted analyses, the SCCmec type IV gene was more frequent in isolates from participants of younger age and of non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity; the PVL gene was present in 9 (2.4%) of 372 of isolates tested. Conclusions. Many persons in the United States are colonized with S. aureus; prevalence rates differ demographically. MRSA colonization prevalence, although low nationally in 2001 - 2002, may vary with demographic and organism characteristics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkuehnert@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 348 Z9 356 U1 0 U2 17 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 193 IS 2 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1086/499632 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 996OJ UT WOS:000234183200002 PM 16362880 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, RK Tabbarah, M Janosky, JE Bardenheier, B Troy, JA Jewell, IK Yawn, BP AF Zimmerman, RK Tabbarah, M Janosky, JE Bardenheier, B Troy, JA Jewell, IK Yawn, BP TI Impact of vaccine economic programs on physician referral of children to public vaccine clinics: a pre-post comparison SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; HEALTH AB Background: The Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program is a major vaccine entitlement program with limited long-term evaluation. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effect of VFC on physician reported referral of children to public health clinics and on doses administered in the public sector. Methods: Minnesota and Pennsylvania primary care physicians (n = 164), completed surveys before (e.g., 1993) and after (2003) VFC, rating their likelihood on a scale of 0 (very unlikely) to 10 (very likely) of referring a child to the health department for immunization. Results: The percentage of respondents likely to refer was 60% for an uninsured child, 14% for a child with Medicaid, and 3% for a child with insurance that pays for immunization. Half (55%) of the physicians who did not participate in VFC were likely to refer a Medicaid-insured child, as compared with 6% of those who participated (P < 0.001). Physician likelihood to refer an uninsured child for vaccination, measured on a scale of 0 to 10 where 10 is very likely, decreased by a mean difference of 1.9 (P < 0.001) from pre- to post-VFC. The likelihood to refer a Medicaid-insured child decreased by a mean of 1.2 (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Reported out-referral to public clinics decreased over time. In light of increasing immunizations rates, this suggests that more vaccines were being administered in private provider offices. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Clin Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Community Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. CDCP, Hlth Serv Res Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Olmsted Med Grp, Dept Res, Rochester, MN USA. RP Zimmerman, RK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Clin Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM zimmer@pitt.edu; tabbarah+@pitt.edu; jej+@pitt.edu; bfb7@cdc.gov; judyball@pitt.edu; ikatz+@pitt.edu; yawnx002@GOLD.TC.UMN.EDU OI Zimmerman, Richard/0000-0001-5941-6092 FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS 0897] NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 7 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-6-7 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 020BG UT WOS:000235882300001 PM 16409623 ER PT J AU Vernon, SD Nicholson, A Rajeevan, M Dimulescu, I Cameron, B Whistler, T Lloyd, A AF Vernon, SD Nicholson, A Rajeevan, M Dimulescu, I Cameron, B Whistler, T Lloyd, A TI Correlation of psycho-neuroendocrine-immune (PNI) gene expression with symptoms of acute infectious mononucleosis SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE psycho-neuroendocrine-immune; (PNI); microarray; infectious mononucleosis; gene expression; Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); MEF2C; HCRTR2; VACHT ID FACTOR 2C EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; HYPOCRETIN OREXIN; SICKNESS BEHAVIOR; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; MEF2C; DISORDER; BLOOD; CELLS; ACETYLCHOLINE AB Acute infection is known to perturb psycho-neuroendocrine-immune (PNI) gene expression. Oligorrucleotide microarrays were used to examine PNI gene expression in the peripheral blood of 13 subjects with infectious mononucleosis (IM). Novel peripheral blood gene expression activity was correlated with central-nervous-system -mediated symptoms including fatigue and sleep disturbance. Of note, expression of the MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2 polypeptide C (MEF2C) gene, previously implicated in skeletal muscle myogenesis, correlated with symptoms of musculo-skeletal pain and fatigue. Expression of the hypocretin/orexin receptor HCRTR2, which has been implicated in narcolepsy, correlated with sleep disturbance. And, VACHT, the vesicular acetylcholine transporter, was highly correlated with neurocognitive disturbance. The expression of both HCRTR2 and MEF2C in the peripheral blood was validated by reverse transcription PCR. Thus, investigation of the PNI response in peripheral blood may provide novel insights into the complex pathophysiology of centrally mediated disease states. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Vernon, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd MSA15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM svernon@cdc.gov RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU019851-01] NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 1068 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.013 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 013PA UT WOS:000235420100001 PM 16376318 ER PT J AU Freedman, DO Weld, LH Kozarsky, PE Fisk, T Robins, R von Sonnenburg, F Keystone, JS Pandey, P Cetron, MS AF Freedman, DO Weld, LH Kozarsky, PE Fisk, T Robins, R von Sonnenburg, F Keystone, JS Pandey, P Cetron, MS CA GeoSentinel Surveillance Network TI Spectrum of disease and relation to place of exposure among ill returned travelers SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; TROPICAL COUNTRIES; HEALTH-PROBLEMS; FEVER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIARRHEA; AFRICA; RESIDENTS; ETIOLOGY; ILLNESS AB BACKGROUND: Approximately 8 percent of travelers to the developing world require medical care during or after travel. Current understanding of morbidity profiles among ill returned travelers is based on limited data from the 1980s. METHODS: Thirty GeoSentinel sites, which are specialized travel or tropical-medicine clinics on six continents, contributed clinician-based sentinel surveillance data for 17,353 ill returned travelers. We compared the frequency of occurrence of each diagnosis among travelers returning from six developing regions of the world. RESULTS: Significant regional differences in proportionate morbidity were detected in 16 of 21 broad syndromic categories. Among travelers presenting to GeoSentinel sites, systemic febrile illness without localizing findings occurred disproportionately among those returning from sub-Saharan Africa or Southeast Asia, acute diarrhea among those returning from south central Asia, and dermatologic problems among those returning from the Caribbean or Central or South America. With respect to specific diagnoses, malaria was one of the three most frequent causes of systemic febrile illness among travelers from every region, although travelers from every region except sub-Saharan Africa and Central America had confirmed or probable dengue more frequently than malaria. Among travelers returning from sub-Saharan Africa, rickettsial infection, primarily tick-borne spotted fever, occurred more frequently than typhoid or dengue. Travelers from all regions except Southeast Asia presented with parasite-induced diarrhea more often than with bacterial diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS: When patients present to specialized clinics after travel to the developing world, travel destinations are associated with the probability of the diagnosis of certain diseases. Diagnostic approaches and empiric therapies can be guided by these destination-specific differences. C1 Univ Alabama, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Munich, Dept Trop & Infect Dis, Munich, Germany. Univ Toronto, Div Infect Dis, Toronto, ON, Canada. CIWEC Clin, Kathmandu, Nepal. RP Freedman, DO (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Div Geog Med, 1530 3rd Ave S,BBRB 203, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM freedman@uab.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU412347] NR 22 TC 497 Z9 517 U1 3 U2 20 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 354 IS 2 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa051331 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 001JE UT WOS:000234528600004 PM 16407507 ER PT J AU Ballard, RC Berman, SM Fenton, KA AF Ballard, RC Berman, SM Fenton, KA TI Azithromycin versus penicillin for early syphilis SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ballard, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rballard@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 354 IS 2 BP 203 EP 203 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 001JE UT WOS:000234528600018 PM 16407519 ER PT J AU Jackson, LA Nelson, JC Whitney, CG Neuzil, KM Benson, P Malais, D Baggs, J Mullooly, J Black, S Shay, DK AF Jackson, LA Nelson, JC Whitney, CG Neuzil, KM Benson, P Malais, D Baggs, J Mullooly, J Black, S Shay, DK TI Assessment of the safety of a third dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in the Vaccine Safety Datalink population SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE pneumococcal vaccine; pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; vaccine safety AB There is little information on the safety of administration of a third dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV). The authors conducted a retrospective assessment of 316,995 adult members of three health maintenance organizations who had received one, two, or three PPV doses. Medical encounters associated with diagnosis codes potentially indicative of an injection site reaction in the week following a first, second, or third PPV dose were identified. These presumptive events occurred in 0.3% (911/279504) of the first PPV group, 0.7% (257/36888) of the second PPV group, and 0.5% (3/603) of the third PPV group (p > 0.5 for both comparisons with the third PPV group). These findings do not suggest that a third PPV dose is associated with an increased risk of medically attended injection site reactions compared with a first or second PPV dose. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. VA Puget Sound Healthcare Syst, Seattle, WA USA. Kaiser Permanente NW Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Kaiser Permanente, Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. RP Jackson, LA (reprint author), Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Ste 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM jackson.1@ghc.org OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820; Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 2 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.066 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 004UM UT WOS:000234777800006 PM 16122845 ER PT J AU Dayan, G Redd, S LeBaron, C Rota, P Rota, J Bellini, W AF Dayan, G Redd, S LeBaron, C Rota, P Rota, J Bellini, W CA CDC TI Measles - United States, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1229-1231, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dayan, G (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 2 BP 153 EP 154 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 001NT UT WOS:000234544300009 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, J Fischer, RA Newman, RD Parise, ME Johnston, SP Young, J AF Rubinstein, J Fischer, RA Newman, RD Parise, ME Johnston, SP Young, J CA CDC TI Late relapse of Plasmodium ovale malaria - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1231-1233, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Albert Einstein Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rubinstein, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Frankford Torresdale Campus, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 2 BP 154 EP 155 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 001NT UT WOS:000234544300010 ER PT J CA WHO UN Childrens Fund Rotary Int Natl Ctr Infect Dis CDC TI Brief report: Conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Poliomyelitis Eradication - Geneva, Switzerland, October 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1186, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Off Director Gen, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Dept Immuniz Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. United Nat Childrens Fund, New York, NY USA. Rotary Int, Evanston, IL USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Global Immunizat Div,Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP WHO, Off Director Gen, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 2 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 001NT UT WOS:000234544300011 ER PT J AU Yan, LJL Daviglus, ML Liu, K Stamler, J Wang, RW Pirzada, A Garside, DB Dyer, AR Van Horn, L Liao, YL Fries, JF Greenland, P AF Yan, LJL Daviglus, ML Liu, K Stamler, J Wang, RW Pirzada, A Garside, DB Dyer, AR Van Horn, L Liao, YL Fries, JF Greenland, P TI Midlife body mass index and hospitalization and mortality in older age SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTOR PROFILE; LIFE EXPECTANCY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MEDICARE DATA; MIDDLE-AGE; OBESITY; WEIGHT AB Context Abundant evidence links overweight and obesity with impaired health. However, controversies persist as to whether overweight and obesity have additional impact on cardiovascular outcomes independent of their strong associations with established coronary risk factors, eg, high blood pressure and high cholesterol level. Objective To assess the relation of midlife body mass index with morbidity and mortality outcomes in older age among individuals without and with other major risk factors at baseline. Design Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry study, a prospective study with baseline (1967-1973) cardiovascular risk classified as low risk (blood pressure <= 120/<= 80 mm Hg, serum total cholesterol level <200 mg/dL [5.2 mmol/L], and not currently smoking); moderate risk (nonsmoking and systolic blood pressure 121-139 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure 81-89 mm Hg, and/or total cholesterol level 200-239 mg/dL [5.2-6.2 mmol/L]); or having any 1, any 2, or all 3 of the following risk factors: blood pressure >= 140/90 mm Hg, total cholesterol level >= 240 mg/dL (6.2 mmol/L), and current cigarette smoking. Body mass index was classified as normal weight (18.5-24.9), overweight, (25.0-29.9), or obese ( >= 30). Mean follow-up was 32 years. Setting and Participants Participants were 17643 men and women aged 31 through 64 years, recruited from Chicago-area companies or organizations and free of coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes, or major electrocardiographic abnormalities at baseline. Main Outcome Measures Hospitalization and mortality from CHD, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes, beginning at age 65 years. Results In multivariable analyses that included adjustment for systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol level, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for CHD death for obese participants compared with those of normal weight in the same risk category was 1.43 (0.33-6.25) for low risk and 2.07 (1.29-3.31) for moderate risk; for CHID hospitalization, the corresponding results were 4.25 (1.57-11.5) for low risk and 2.04 (1.29-3.24) for moderate risk. Results were similar for other risk groups and for cardiovascular disease, but stronger for diabetes (eg, low risk: 11.0 [2.21-54.5] for mortality and 7.84 [3.95-15.6] for hospitalization). Conclusion For individuals with no cardiovascular risk factors as well as for those with 1 or more risk factors, those who are obese in middle age have a higher risk of hospitalization and mortality from CHID, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in older age than those who are normal weight. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Peking Univ, Guanghua Sch Management, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Yan, LJL (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, 680 N Lake Shore Dr,Suite 1102, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM lijing@northwestern.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R21-HL75259, R01-HL62684, R01-HL21010] NR 46 TC 142 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 2 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1001/jama.295.2.190 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 001NT UT WOS:000234544300026 PM 16403931 ER PT J AU Crepaz, N Lyles, CM Wolitski, RJ Passin, WF Rama, SM Herbst, JH Purcell, DW Malow, RA Stall, R AF Crepaz, N Lyles, CM Wolitski, RJ Passin, WF Rama, SM Herbst, JH Purcell, DW Malow, RA Stall, R CA HIV AIDS PRS Team TI Do prevention interventions reduce HIV risk behaviours among people living with HIV? A meta-analytic review of controlled trials SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE HIV/AIDS prevention; behavioural intervention; HIV transmission risk behaviour; risky sex; needle sharing; people living with HIV ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; CONSORT STATEMENT; INFECTED PERSONS; SEROPOSITIVE GAY; POSITIVE PEOPLE; CLINICAL-TRIAL; PUBLIC-HEALTH AB Objective: To conduct a meta-analytic review of HIV interventions for people living with HIV (PLWH) to determine their overall efficacy in reducing HIV risk behaviours and identify intervention characteristics associated with efficacy. Methods: Comprehensive searches included electronic databases from 1988 to 2004, hand searches of journals, reference lists of articles, and contacts with researchers. Twelve trials met the stringent selection criteria: randomization or assignment with minimal bias, use of statistical analysis, and assessment of HIV-related behavioural or ;biologic outcomes at least 3 months after the intervention. Random-effects models were used to aggregate data. Results: Interventions significantly reduced unprotected sex [odds ratio (OR), 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40-0.82] and decreased acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases (OR, 0.20; 95% Cl, 0.05-0.73). Non-significant intervention effects were observed for needle sharing (OR, 0.47, 95% Cl, 0.13-1.71). As a whole, interventions with the following characteristics significantly reduced sexual risk behaviours: (1) based on behavioural theory; (2) designed to change specifically HIV transmission risk behaviours; (3) delivered by health-care providers or counsellors; (4)delivered to individuals; (5)delivered in an intensive manner; (6)delivered insettings where PLWH receive routine services or medical care; (7) provided skills building, or (8) addressed a myriad Of issues related to mental health, medication adherence, and HIV risk behaviour. Conclusion: Interventions targeting PWLH are efficacious in reducing unprotected sex and acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases. Efficacious strategies identified in this review should be incorporated into community HIV prevention efforts and further evaluated for effectiveness. (C) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Crepaz, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ncrepaz@cdc.gov RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008; OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 78 TC 253 Z9 259 U1 2 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 143 EP 157 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000196166.48518.a0 PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 007PN UT WOS:000234981700002 PM 16511407 ER PT J AU Jackson, JB Parsons, T Musoke, P Nakabiito, C Donnell, D Fleming, T Mirochnick, M Mofenson, L Fowler, MG Mmiro, F Guay, L AF Jackson, JB Parsons, T Musoke, P Nakabiito, C Donnell, D Fleming, T Mirochnick, M Mofenson, L Fowler, MG Mmiro, F Guay, L TI Association of cord blood nevirapine concentration with reported timing of dose and HIV-1 transmission SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 perinatal transmission; nevirapine; cord blood; Uganda; HIVNET 012 ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; INTRAPARTUM NEVIRAPINE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; UGANDAN WOMEN; ZIDOVUDINE; PHARMACOKINETICS; PREVENTION; KAMPALA AB Background: To correlate nevirapine presence and concentration in cord bloods of infants born to HIV-1 infected women with report of timing of dose and HIV-1 transmission at 6 weeks of age. Methods: All available cord blood samples from the infants of mothers enrolled in the HIVNET 012 trial who were randomly assigned to receive either nevirapine or zidovudine at the onset of labor were tested for a nevirapine concentration. Results: Nevirapine was detected in the cord blood of 244 of 259 (94%) infants whose mothers reported they took nevirapine in labor more than 1 h before delivery and in 12 of 13 (92%) infants whose mothers reported they took nevirapine less than I h before delivery. The median nevirapine cord blood concentration was 1238 ng/ml [interquartile range (IQR), 905-1474 ng/ml] and 122 ng/ml (IQR, 64-321 ng/ml) for women who reported taking nevirapine more or less than I h before delivery, respectively (P < 0.001). The median nevirapine cord blood concentration of infants who were HIV-1 negative at birth, but positive at 6-8 weeks of age (n = 11), was 916 mg/ml (IQR, 737-1245 ng/ml) compared with 1192 ng/ml (IQR, 875-1471 ng/ml) for uninfected infants (n = 236). Conclusions: Cord blood nevirapine concentration correlated well with report of nevirapine administration and timing of dose before delivery. The nevirapine cord blood concentration was modestly lower in infected infants, although the number of infants infected between birth and 6-8 weeks of age was small (n = 11). The high adherence rate in the HIVNET 012 study supports the efficacy, simplicity and deliverability of this regimen. (C) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Makerere Univ, Dept Pediat, Kampala, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Kampala, Uganda. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jackson, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Carnegie 415,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM bjackso@jhmi.edu OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808; Donnell, Deborah/0000-0002-0587-7480 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01-AI-46702, U01-AI-46745, U01-AI-48054] NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 007PN UT WOS:000234981700009 PM 16511414 ER PT J AU Woodruff, BA AF Woodruff, BA TI Interpreting mortality data in humanitarian emergencies SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Woodruff, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM BWoodruff@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 7 PY 2006 VL 367 IS 9504 BP 9 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67637-4 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 000EG UT WOS:000234443100007 PM 16399135 ER PT J AU Yu, HJ Shu, YL Hu, SX Zhang, H Gao, ZC Chen, HL Dong, J Xu, CL Zhang, Y Xiang, NJ Wang, M Guo, JY Cox, N Lim, W Li, DX Wang, Y Yang, WZ AF Yu, HJ Shu, YL Hu, SX Zhang, H Gao, ZC Chen, HL Dong, J Xu, CL Zhang, Y Xiang, NJ Wang, M Guo, JY Cox, N Lim, W Li, DX Wang, Y Yang, WZ TI The first confirmed human case of avian influenza A (H5N1) in Mainland China SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISEASE; VIRUS C1 Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Dis Control & Emergency Response, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. CDC, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Peoples Hosp, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. Hunan Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Changsha 410005, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Harbin Vet Res Inst, Harbin 115001, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Hlth Protect, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Yang, WZ (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Dis Control & Emergency Response, 27 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM ywz126@vip.sina.com NR 4 TC 47 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 8 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 7 PY 2006 VL 367 IS 9504 BP 84 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67894-4 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 000EG UT WOS:000234443100036 PM 16399159 ER PT J AU Ezenwa, VO Godsey, MS King, RJ Guptill, SC AF Ezenwa, VO Godsey, MS King, RJ Guptill, SC TI Avian diversity and West Nile virus: testing associations between biodiversity and infectious disease risk SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; vector-borne disease; zoonoses; dilution effect; biodiversity; birds ID AMERICAN MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; FIELD-COLLECTED MOSQUITOS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; CULEX-SALINARIUS; LYME-DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; CULICIDAE; ECOLOGY; BIRDS; RATES AB The emergence of several high profile infectious diseases in recent years has focused attention on our need to understand the ecological factors contributing to the spread of infectious diseases. West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that was first detected in the United States in 1999. The factors accounting for variation in the prevalence of WNV are poorly understood, but recent ideas suggesting links between high biodiversity and reduced vector-borne disease risk may help account for distribution patterns of this disease. Since wild birds are the primary reservoir hosts for WNV, we tested associations between passerine (Passeriform) bird diversity, non-passerine (all other orders) bird diversity and virus infection rates in mosquitoes and humans to examine the extent to which bird diversity is associated with WNV infection risk. We found that non-passerine species richness (number of non-passerine species) was significantly negatively correlated with both mosquito and human infection rates, whereas there was no significant association between passerine species richness and any measure of infection risk. Our findings suggest that non-passerine diversity may play a role in dampening WNV amplification rates in mosquitoes, minimizing human disease risk. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Ezenwa, VO (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM vanessa.ezenwa@umontana.edu NR 52 TC 141 Z9 147 U1 9 U2 96 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD JAN 7 PY 2006 VL 273 IS 1582 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3284 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 002YL UT WOS:000234648100016 PM 16519242 ER PT J AU Glass, RI Parashar, UD AF Glass, RI Parashar, UD TI The promise of new rotavirus vaccines SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTUSSUSCEPTION; CHILDREN; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 354 IS 1 BP 75 EP 77 DI 10.1056/NEJMe058285 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 998ZO UT WOS:000234358600012 PM 16394305 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Brock, JW Silva, MJ Gray, LE Reidy, JA Barr, DB Needham, LL AF Calafat, AM Brock, JW Silva, MJ Gray, LE Reidy, JA Barr, DB Needham, LL TI Urinary and amniotic fluid levels of phthalate monoesters in rats after the oral administration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; di-n-butyl phthalate; DEHP; DBP; exposure; biomonitoring ID MALE REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; DOSE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS; DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION AB Two studies were designed to examine amniotic fluid and maternal urine concentrations of the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and the di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) metabolite monobutyl phthalate (MBP) after administration of DEHP and DBP during pregnancy. In the first study, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 0, 11, 33, 100, or 300 mg DEHP/kg/day by oral gavage starting on gestational day (GD) 7. In the second study, DBP was administered by oral gavage to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 0, 100, or 250 mg/kg/day starting on GD 13. Maternal urine and amniotic fluid were collected and analyzed to determine the free and glucuronidated levels of MEHP and MBP. In urine, MEHP and MBP were mostly glucuronidated. By contrast, free MEHP and free MBP predominated in amniotic fluid. Statistically significant correlations were found between maternal DEHP dose and total maternal urinary MEHP (p = 0.0117), and between maternal DEHP dose and total amniotic fluid MEHP levels (p = 0.0021). Total maternal urinary MEHP and total amniotic fluid MEHP levels were correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.968). Statistically significant differences were found in amniotic MBP levels between animals within the same DBP dose treatment group (p<0.0001) and between animals in different dose treatment groups (P<0.0001). Amniotic fluid MBP levels increased with increasing DBP doses, and high variability in maternal urinary levels of MBP between rats was observed. Although no firm conclusions could be drawn from the urinary MBP data, the MEHP results suggest that maternal urinary MEHP levels may be useful surrogate markers for fetal exposure to DEHR Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27705 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ACalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 70 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 217 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2005.08.013 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 003FI UT WOS:000234666700003 PM 16171919 ER PT J AU Chernak, E Johnson, CC Weltman, A McDonald, LC Wiggs, L Killgore, G Thompson, A LeMaile-Williams, M Tan, E Lewis, FM AF Chernak, E Johnson, CC Weltman, A McDonald, LC Wiggs, L Killgore, G Thompson, A LeMaile-Williams, M Tan, E Lewis, FM CA CDC TI Severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease in populations previously at low risk - Four states, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1201-1205, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chernak, E (reprint author), Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 4 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 1 BP 25 EP 27 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 999HT UT WOS:000234381100004 ER PT J AU Sapkota, S Bowles, HR Ham, SA Kohl, HW AF Sapkota, S Bowles, HR Ham, SA Kohl, HW CA CDC TI Adult participation in recommended levels of physical activity - United States, 2001 and 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1208-1212, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sapkota, S (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 4 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 1 BP 27 EP 29 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 999HT UT WOS:000234381100005 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, MS Saydah, S Paulose-Ram, R Tao, M AF Eberhardt, MS Saydah, S Paulose-Ram, R Tao, M CA CDC TI Mobility limitation among persons aged >= 40 years with and without diagnosed diabetes and lower extremity disease - United States, 1999-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1183-1186) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PHYSICAL-DISABILITY; WOMENS HEALTH C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eberhardt, MS (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 4 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 1 BP 29 EP 30 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 999HT UT WOS:000234381100006 ER PT J AU Flannery, B Heffernan, RT Harrison, LH Ray, SM Reingold, AL Hadler, J Schaffner, W Lynfield, R Thomas, AR Li, JM Campsmith, M Whitney, CG Schuchat, A AF Flannery, B Heffernan, RT Harrison, LH Ray, SM Reingold, AL Hadler, J Schaffner, W Lynfield, R Thomas, AR Li, JM Campsmith, M Whitney, CG Schuchat, A TI Changes in invasive pneumococcal disease among HIV-infected adults living in the era of childhood pneumococcal immunization SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDREN; AIDS AB Background: Adults infected with HIV have high rates of invasive pneumococcal disease. Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children could affect disease among HIV-infected adults. Objective: To compare invasive pneumococcal disease among HIV-infected adults before and after the introduction of a pediatric conjugate vaccine. Design: Active laboratory-based surveillance in an adult population of 10.8 million, including 38 314 living with AIDS. Setting: 7 Active Bacterial Core surveillance areas in the United States. Patients: All surveillance-area residents 18 to 64 years of age with Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from a sterile site between 1998 and 2003. Measurements: Ratio of the number of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease among HIV-infected adults to the estimated number of adults 18 to 64 years of age living with AIDS; serotype-specific subset analyses; and comparison of periods before and after introduction of conjugate vaccine by using exact tests. Results: Of 8582 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults, 2013 (24%) occurred among persons infected with HIV. Between baseline (1998 to 1999) and 2003, the ratio of invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected adults to the number of adults living with AIDS in the surveillance areas decreased from 1127 to 919 cases per 100000 AIDS population, a reduction of 19% (P= 0.002). Among HIV-infected adults, the ratio for disease caused by pneumococcal serotypes included in the conjugate vaccine decreased 62% (P < 0.001), although the ratio for disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes increased 44% (P < 0.001). Limitations: Ratios are proxy measures of incidence rates. The denominator of surveillance-area residents living with HIV infection was not available. Conclusions: Introduction of the pediatric conjugate vaccine was associated with an overall decrease in invasive pneumococcal disease among HIV-infected adults, despite increased disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Flannery, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bflannery@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 3 PY 2006 VL 144 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 000PL UT WOS:000234474200001 PM 16389249 ER PT J AU Herman, WH Hoerger, TJ Hicks, K Brandle, M Sorensen, SW Zhang, P Engelgau, MM Hamman, RF Marrero, DG Ackermann, DT Ratner, RE AF Herman, WH Hoerger, TJ Hicks, K Brandle, M Sorensen, SW Zhang, P Engelgau, MM Hamman, RF Marrero, DG Ackermann, DT Ratner, RE TI Managing people at high risk for diabetes SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS C1 Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RTI Int, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Kantonsspital, CH-9007 St Gallen, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Medstar Res Inst, Hyattsville, MD 20783 USA. RP Herman, WH (reprint author), Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 3 PY 2006 VL 144 IS 1 BP 66 EP 67 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 000PL UT WOS:000234474200012 PM 16389262 ER PT J AU Bunnell, R Ekwaru, JP Solberg, P Wamai, N Bikaako-Kajura, W Were, W Coutinho, A Liechty, C Madraa, E Rutherford, G Mermin, J AF Bunnell, R Ekwaru, JP Solberg, P Wamai, N Bikaako-Kajura, W Were, W Coutinho, A Liechty, C Madraa, E Rutherford, G Mermin, J TI Changes in sexual behavior and risk of HIV transmission after antiretroviral therapy and prevention interventions in rural Uganda SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Africa; antiretroviral therapy; prevention of sexual transmission; sexual behaviour; viral load; epidemiology; Uganda ID VIRAL LOAD; SOUTH-AFRICA; DISCORDANT COUPLES; DRUG-RESISTANCE; COTE-DIVOIRE; RAKAI; MEN; INFECTIVITY; CHALLENGES; SEROSTATUS AB Background: The impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on sexual risk behavior and HIV transmission among HIV-infected persons in Africa is unknown. Objective: To assess changes in risky sexual behavior and estimated HIV transmission from HIV-infected adults after 6 months of ART. Design and methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in rural Uganda. Between May 2003 and December 2004 a total of 926 HIV-infected adults were enrolled and followed in a home-based ART program that included prevention counselling, voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for cohabitating partners and condom provision. At baseline and follow-up, participants' HIV plasma viral load and partner-specific sexual behaviors were assessed. Risky sex was defined as inconsistent or no condom use with partners of HIV-negative or unknown serostatus in the previous 3 months. The rates of risky sex were compared using a Poisson regression model and transmission risk per partner was estimated, based on established viral load-specific transmission rates. Results: Six months after initiating ART, risky sexual behavior reduced by 70% [adjusted risk ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.2-0.7; P=0.0017]. Over 85% of risky sexual acts occurred within married couples. At baseline, median viral load among those reporting risky sex was 122 500 copies/ml, and at follow-up, < 50 copies/ml. Estimated risk of HIV transmission from cohort members declined by 98%, from 45.7 to 0.9 per 1000 person years. Conclusions: Providing ART, prevention counseling, and partner VCT was associated with reduced sexual risk behavior and estimated risk of HIV transmission among HIV-infected Ugandan adults during the first 6 months of therapy. integrated ART and prevention programs may reduce HIV transmission in Africa. (C) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Uganda, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. AIDS Support Org, Kampala, Uganda. Uganda Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. RP Bunnell, R (reprint author), Uganda Virus Res Inst, POB 49, Entebbe, Uganda. EM rrb7@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 39 TC 280 Z9 286 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 2 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000196566.40702.28 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 997DE UT WOS:000234224400012 PM 16327323 ER PT B AU Grau, RH Krog, RB Robertson, SB AF Grau, R. H., III Krog, R. B. Robertson, S. B. BE Mutmansky, JM Ramani, RV TI Maximizing the ventilation of large-opening mines SO 11th U.S./ North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ AB The, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has conducted research to improve the ventilation of large-opening mines. Large-opening mine ventilation is unique for the following reasons: (1) it is challenging to keep airflow velocities high enough to effectively remove or dilute airborne contaminants, (2) large air Volumes can be moved through the mines with little static pressure drop, and (3) stoppings to direct ventilation airflows are costly to construct and maintain. The research results suggest that by incorporating ventilation planning into the mine planning process, using propeller fans, developing new stopping materials and construction methods, and using long pillars to eliminate crosscuts where possible, the ventilation of large-opening mines can be significantly improved. The ventilation improvements created by incorporating these various techniques into the ventilation plan will help reduce the exposure of mine workers to airborne contaminants in underground large-opening mines. C1 NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Grau, RH (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-415-40148-8 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2006 BP 53 EP 59 PG 7 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BFL34 UT WOS:000242794700008 ER PT B AU Noll, JD Mischler, SE Schnakenberg, GH Bugarski, AD AF Noll, J. D. Mischler, S. E. Schnakenberg, G. H., Jr. Bugarski, A. D. BE Mutmansky, JM Ramani, RV TI Measuring diesel particulate matter in underground mines using submicron elemental carbon as a surrogate SO 11th U.S./ North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ ID COAL-MINES; OVEREXPOSURE; CASSETTE; EXHAUST AB Elemental carbon (EC) is used as a surrogate for regulating the exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) of underground metal/non-metal miners. EC was chosen as a surrogate because EC is selective to DPM and is a major component of DPM. Using EC as a surrogate also gives one the advantages of no sampling artifacts and being able to sample at all locations in the mine. Currently, EC represents DPM well in underground mines. Some control technologies have been shown to possibly alter the relationship between DPM and EC and characteristics of DPM. Therefore, future work will investigate the relationship between DPM and EC as new control technologies are implemented. C1 NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Noll, JD (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-415-40148-8 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2006 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BFL34 UT WOS:000242794700016 ER PT B AU Noll, JD Mischler, SE Patts, LD Schnakenberg, GH Bugarski, AD Timko, RJ Love, G AF Noll, J. D. Mischler, S. E. Patts, L. D. Schnakenberg, G. H., Jr. Bugarski, A. D. Timko, R. J. Love, G. BE Mutmansky, JM Ramani, RV TI The effects of water emulsified fuel on diesel particulate matter concentrations in underground mines SO 11th U.S./ North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ ID OVEREXPOSURE; EXHAUST AB In this study, we evaluated the ambient diesel particulate matter (DPM) concentrations (at the intakes and exhausts of the mine) as the entire vehicle fleet of a stone mine switched from using 35% biodiesel to using a water emulsified fuel (PuriNOx). Elemental carbon (EC) was reduced by 45% when a PuriNOx blend containing 10% water replaced 35% biodiesel and by 57% when a PuriNOx blend containing 20% water was used. Other factors such as engine duty cycle and production changes could potentially cause some day-to-day EC fluctuations, and no direct comparison to commonly used diesel fuels (No. 1 or No. 2) was achieved. Therefore, a second study was performed in a controlled "isolated zone" environment of a metal mine, comparing PuriNOx to No. 1 diesel fuel in a load haul dump vehicle. The EC fraction of the DPM was reduced by about 71% when the PuriNOx blend containing 10% water was used and by about 85% when the PuriNOx blend containing 20% water was employed. This study did not determine how the water emulsified fuel would affect the engine or power. C1 NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Noll, JD (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-415-40148-8 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2006 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BFL34 UT WOS:000242794700024 ER PT B AU Hall, EE Vinson, RP Volkwein, JC AF Hall, E. E. Vinson, R. P. Volkwein, J. C. BE Mutmansky, JM Ramani, RV TI Evaluation of SKC Inc Dust Detective SO 11th U.S./ North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ AB Assessment of workplace exposures is an important tool for helping to minimize dust-related occupational illness and diseases. Real-time particulate monitoring can effectively locate areas where dust controls are needed and determine how well they are working. An affordable, person-wearable, real-time dust monitor is needed. The SKC Inc. Dust Detective (SKCDD) fulfills those requirements (Disclaimer: Mention of any company or product does not imply endorsement by NIOSH). The SKCDD consists of a disposable sampling tube (DST) connected to a small hand-held sampling pump. The SKCDD was developed through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and SKC Inc. The relationship of dust concentrations measured by personal gravimetric samplers to those measured by the SKCDD was determined in a laboratory aerosol chamber. A comparison of the means and the relative standard deviation of triplicate measurements of each type of sampling device demonstrated the SKCDD to be a viable alternative means for measuring dust. While it provides accurate measurements for specific coal types, it requires correction factors (those correction factors still need to be calculated) for other coal types. C1 NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Hall, EE (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-415-40148-8 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2006 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BFL34 UT WOS:000242794700026 ER PT B AU Schatzel, SJ Krog, RB Garcia, F Marshall, JK Trackemas, J AF Schatzel, S. J. Krog, R. B. Garcia, F. Marshall, J. K. Trackemas, J. BE Mutmansky, JM Ramani, RV TI Prediction of longwall methane emissions and the associated consequences of increasing longwall face lengths: A case study in the Pittsburgh Coalbed SO 11th U.S./ North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ AB In an effort to increase productivity, many longwall mining operations in the U.S. have continually increased face lengths. Unfortunately, the mining of larger panels may increase methane emissions. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a mine safety research study to characterize and quantify the methane emissions resulting from increasing face lengths in the Pittsburgh Coalbed. The goal of this research effort was to provide the mine operator with a method to predict the increase in methane emissions from the longer faces for incorporation of additional methane control capacity into the mine planning process, if necessary. Based on measured methane emission rates of 0.066 m(3)/s (140 cfm) for a 315 m (1032 ft) face, projected longwall face methane emission rates were 0.090 m(3)/s (191 cfm) for a 366 m (1200 ft) face, 0.106 m(3)/s (225 cfm) for a 426 m (1400 ft) face, and 0.124 m(3)/s (263 cfm) 488 m (1600 ft) face. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, US Dept HHS, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Schatzel, SJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, US Dept HHS, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-415-40148-8 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2006 BP 375 EP 382 PG 8 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BFL34 UT WOS:000242794700053 ER PT B AU Krog, RB Schatzel, SJ Garcia, F Marshall, JK AF Krog, R. B. Schatzel, S. J. Garcia, F. Marshall, J. K. BE Mutmansky, JM Ramani, RV TI Predicting methane emissions from longer longwall faces by analysis of emission contributors SO 11th U.S./ North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ AB As part of its mining health and safety research program, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a longwall methane emission and mining time study at a mine operating in the Pittsburgh Coalbed to access the methane emission consequences of mining a longer face. The methane emission contributors from the mining of a longwall face are: 1) gas released from the coal broken by the shearer, 2) gas emitted from the coal on the face conveyor, 3) gas emitted from the coal transported on the belt, and 4) background gas emitted from the coal face and from the adjoining ribs. Based on the results of the study, a set of site-specific mathematical formulas and constants were developed to characterize each of the four longwall emission contributors. The mathematical formulas were then applied to longer longwall face mining scenarios to predict the methane emissions from these faces. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, US Dept HHS, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Krog, RB (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, US Dept HHS, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-415-40148-8 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2006 BP 383 EP 392 PG 10 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BFL34 UT WOS:000242794700054 ER PT B AU Taylor, CD Chilton, JE Hall, EE Timko, RJ AF Taylor, C. D. Chilton, J. E. Hall, E. E. Timko, R. J. BE Mutmansky, JM Ramani, RV TI Effect of scrubber operation on airflow and methane patterns at the mining face SO 11th U.S./ North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has conducted research to determine the influence of mining machine-mounted scrubbers on airflows and methane concentrations at the face when blowing ventilation systems are used. Tests were conducted in a full-scale ventilation gallery with a model mining machine that simulated airflow created by a dust scrubber. During the tests, ultrasonic anemometers were used to measure airflow speed and direction at several locations near the face. For the same test conditions, methane was released from the face and gas concentrations were measured at 21 locations above the machine using fixed point methanometers. Changes in airflow speed and direction are correlated with scrubber airflow and the measured methane distribution above the mining machine. The research results showed that operation of machine-mounted scrubbers improved face ventilation when blowing ventilation is used by increasing both the intake flow and the quantity of air reaching the face. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Taylor, CD (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-415-40148-8 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2006 BP 393 EP 399 PG 7 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BFL34 UT WOS:000242794700055 ER PT B AU Chilton, JE Taylor, CD Hall, EE Timko, RJ AF Chilton, J. E. Taylor, C. D. Hall, E. E. Timko, R. J. BE Mutmansky, JM Ramani, RV TI Effect of water sprays on airflow movement and methane dilution at the working face SO 11th U.S./ North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has been conducting research to determine the influence of mining machine mounted water sprays on airflows and methane concentrations at the face when blowing ventilation systems are used. Tests were conducted in a full-scale ventilation gallery. Airflow speeds and directions were measured at several locations near the face with ultrasonic anemometers. Methane was released from the face and concentrations were measured in the entry at locations above the mining machine using fixed point methanometers. Changes in airflow speed, direction, and methane concentrations were correlated with water spray operations. The test results using different spray arrangements and water pressures showed that operation of the machine-mounted sprayers can improve face ventilation effectiveness by increasing the velocity of airflow moving toward and away from the face. The improved ventilation resulted in reduced methane levels near the face. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, US Dept HHS, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Chilton, JE (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, US Dept HHS, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-415-40148-8 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2006 BP 401 EP 406 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BFL34 UT WOS:000242794700056 ER PT B AU Karacan, CO Diamond, WP Schatzel, SJ Garcia, F AF Karacan, C. O. Diamond, W. P. Schatzel, S. J. Garcia, F. BE Mutmansky, JM Ramani, RV TI Development and application of reservoir models for the evaluation and optimization of long-wall methane control systems SO 11th U.S./ North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ AB Methane explosions have historically been one of the major causes of fatalities and injuries in underground coal mining operations. Advanced numerical models and predictive modeling approaches have the potential to offer optimized methane control solutions for general mine planning purposes and to address specific methane-related operational problems. This paper describes the development of reservoir models for the longwall mining environment and their application for investigating the influence of various completion design parameters on the methane drainage effectiveness of gob gas ventholes. The influence of increasing longwall panel width on the effectiveness of current gob gas venthole completion and placement strategies in the Pittsburgh Coalbed were evaluated and optimized designs developed to capture the expected increase in methane emissions on the larger panel. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, US Dept HHS, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Karacan, CO (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, US Dept HHS, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-415-40148-8 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2006 BP 425 EP 432 PG 8 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BFL34 UT WOS:000242794700060 ER PT B AU Krog, RB Grau, RH AF Krog, R. B. Grau, R. H., III BE Mutmansky, JM Ramani, RV TI Fan selection for large-opening mines: Vane-axial or propeller fans - which to choose? SO 11th U.S./ North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has investigated the unique ventilation requirements of large-opening mines to help identify and evaluate the effectiveness of various fan types to improve the ventilation and air quality in the underground workplace. Large-opening mines, with their low airflow resistance factors, can be ventilated with free-standing auxiliary fans because airflow patterns in these mines are primarily controlled by airflow momentum. The flow characteristics of both vane-axial and propeller fans were investigated and tested at four large-opening mines to assess the effects of fan location on recirculation and entrainment. Each fan. type has its own airflow, entrainment and penetrating airflow characteristics, and operating costs that are advantageous for specific applications. Either fan type can be used for most auxiliary applications. However, this research has shown that the optimum placement and use criteria for propeller fans differ from those promulgated by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) for vane-axial fans Brechtel et al. (1985). C1 NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Krog, RB (reprint author), NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-415-40148-8 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2006 BP 535 EP 542 PG 8 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BFL34 UT WOS:000242794700075 ER PT B AU Grau, RH Meighen, GM AF Grau, R. H., III Meighen, G. M. BE Mutmansky, JM Ramani, RV TI Novel stopping designs for large-opening metal/nonmetal mines SO 11th U.S./ North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ AB Improving the air quality in metal/nonmetal mines is important in protecting the health of miners. Air quality can be improved in metal/nonmetal mines by developing proper ventilation techniques. Mine ventilation systems require stoppings to direct the airflow and establish pressure differentials throughout the mine. Due to their large size, stoppings in large-opening mines are cumbersome and costly to construct and maintain. As part of its mining health and safety program, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) designed and tested two novel stoppings (Super Stopping and the EZ-Up Curtain Stopping) at its Lake Lynn Laboratory (LLL). The Super Stopping is designed as a long-term permanent stopping for use in the main entries of the mine, while the EZ-Up Curtain Stopping, although very durable, is designed more for portability and ease of installation. This paper describes the design, materials, and construction methods used for these stoppings as well as their performance and durability when subjected to tests simulating actual production face blast pressures. C1 NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Grau, RH (reprint author), NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-415-40148-8 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2006 BP 579 EP 583 PG 5 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BFL34 UT WOS:000242794700081 ER PT S AU Gupta, S Aslakson, E Vernon, SD AF Gupta, Shakti Aslakson, Eric Vernon, Suzanne D. BE Lee, DJ Nutter, B Antani, S Mitra, S Archibald, J TI Identifying a central nervous system perturbation that explains peripheral hypocortisolism by modeling the HPA axis SO 19TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems CY JUN 22-23, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCCM, Texas Tech Univ Coll Engn, Brigham Young Univ ID CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; STRESS; PITUITARY; EXPRESSION; HORMONE AB The hypothalamus- pituitary- adrenal is the body's main stress management system, which responds to any threat to homeostasis or internal environmental balance of the body by controlling the body's cortisol level. Dysregulation of the HPA axis is involved in numerous stress-related diseases including post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic fatigue syndrome. We present a new structured model that includes the glucocorticoid receptor that produces bistability in the HPA axis steady state. Small stresses do not perturb the system, but large stresses force the system to an alternate steady state. This bistable state can describe hypocortisolism, which is observed in these stress-related illnesses. C1 [Gupta, Shakti; Aslakson, Eric; Vernon, Suzanne D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gupta, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM SGupta4@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2372-9198 J9 COMP MED SY PY 2006 BP 550 EP + DI 10.1109/CBMS.2006.96 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFB38 UT WOS:000240724000092 ER PT J AU Vogel, I Thorsen, P Hogan, VK Schieve, LA Jacobsson, B Ferre, CD AF Vogel, Ida Thorsen, Poul Hogan, Vijaya K. Schieve, Laura A. Jacobsson, Bo Ferre, Cynthia D. TI The joint effect of vaginal Ureaplasma urealyticum and bacterial vaginosis on adverse pregnancy outcomes SO ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; PRETERM DELIVERY; NONDIFFERENTIAL MISCLASSIFICATION; MICROBIAL INVASION; SWEDISH POPULATION; CYTOKINE RESPONSE; WOMEN; COLONIZATION AB Objective. To examine associations of vaginal Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) with preterm delivery (PTD), small for gestational age (SGA), and low birth weight (LBW). Material and methods. A population-based, prospective cohort study of 2,927 pregnancies. After exclusion of multiples and antibiotic use sample size was 2,662. BV (Amsel's criteria) and UU (culture) were assessed in week 17. Gestational age was determined by last menstrual period, confirmed by ultrasound measurement in 97.5%. SGA infants were calculated from intrauterine fetal growth measurements. Results. There was no increased risk for spontaneous PTD among women with BV only (crude odds ratio 1.0, 95% CI 0.4-2.7), among women with UU only (1.3, 0.8-2.0), nor among women with UU+BV (0.9, 0.4-2.3) compared to women without UU and BV However, there was a threefold increased risk of a LBW birth in women with UU+BV (3.1, 1.8-5.4), a twofold risk of a LBW birth among women with UU only (1.9, 1.3-2.9), but no increased risk among women with BV only (0.8, 0.3-2.2). Similarly, women with UU+BV had over a twofold increased risk of an SGA birth (2.3, 1.3-4.0), women with UU only had a 70% increase (1.7, 1.1-2.5), whereas a nonsignificant increase was found in women with BV only (1.3, 0.6-2.9). Adjustment by established confounders (smoking, previous PTD, previous LBW, and Escherichia coli) did not affect risk estimates. Conclusion. This analysis suggests that UU is independently associated with fetal growth and LBW and that BV with UU may enhance the risk of these outcomes. C1 Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, N Atlantic Neuroepidemiol Alliances NANEA, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Perinatal Ctr, Gothenburg, Sweden. Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Aarhus, Denmark. RP Vogel, I (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, N Atlantic Neuroepidemiol Alliances NANEA, Vennelyst Blvd 6, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM iv@soci.au.dk NR 37 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 12 POSTHUSET, NO-0051 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0001-6349 J9 ACTA OBSTET GYN SCAN JI Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. PY 2006 VL 85 IS 7 BP 778 EP 785 DI 10.1080/00016340500442423 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 066QI UT WOS:000239244800002 PM 16817073 ER PT J AU Taye, A Hadis, M Adugna, N Tilahun, D Wirtz, RA AF Taye, A Hadis, M Adugna, N Tilahun, D Wirtz, RA TI Biting behavior and Plasmodium infection rates of Anopheles arabiensis from Sille, Ethiopia SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE malaria; Anopheles; parity; mosquito; sporozoite; Ethiopia ID MALARIA; TRANSMISSION; SPOROZOITES; MOSQUITOS; FUNESTUS AB The man-biting behavior and Plasmodium infection rates of anopheline mosquitoes were investigated in Sille, a hyperendemic malarious area in southern Ethiopia. Seven Anopheles species were identified from all night landing collections, conducted from 18:00 to 06:00 h between October 2001 and August 2002. The predominant species was Anopheles arabiensis (55.8%), followed by Anopheles coustani (31.5%), Anopheles pharoensis (9.5%), Anopheles funestus (2.2%), Anopheles nili (0.5%), Anopheles marshallii (0.4%) and Anopheles demeilloni (0.2%). Dissection of A. arabiensis showed an average parous rate of 73.2%. A large proportion of the parous mosquitoes were caught biting in the latter part of the night. Malaria sporozoite rates were determined by ELISA for A. arabiensis, with 0.5% (4/796) infective with Plasmodium falciparum and 1.76% (14/796) with Plasmodium vivax; there were no mixed infections. From our small sample of sporozoite positives we found no association between biting behavior and sporozoite infection status. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Parasitol Vector Biol Res Team, Dept Infect Noninfect Dis Res, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Taye, A (reprint author), Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Parasitol Vector Biol Res Team, Dept Infect Noninfect Dis Res, POB 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM asegedt@yahoo.com NR 22 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.08.002 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 001LJ UT WOS:000234534300008 PM 16171769 ER PT J AU Lauby, JL Bond, L Eroglu, D Batson, H AF Lauby, JL Bond, L Eroglu, D Batson, H TI Decisional balance, perceived risk and HIV testing practices SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV testing; decision-making; perceived risk; attitudes toward testing ID PARTNER NOTIFICATION; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; CONDOM USE; WOMEN; PREDICTORS; INFECTION; BARRIERS; MODEL; INDIVIDUALS; POPULATION AB Improving our understanding of how individuals decide to take an HIV test is essential for designing effective programs to increase testing. This paper assesses the relationship of decisional balance and perceived risk to HIV testing history in a cross-sectional community sample of 1523 HIV-negative men and women at risk due to drug use or sexual behavior. We developed scales to measure perceived advantages (pros) and perceived disadvantages (cons) of taking an HIV test and assessed their content using factor analysis. Perceived risk was highly related to the pros and cons scales. Multivariate analyses revealed that the pros scale had positive associations with having ever tested and the number of tests taken, while the cons scale had negative associations with these testing measures. Perceived risk was not related to testing practices. These results suggest that interventions to increase HIV testing need to address anticipated positive and negative outcomes of getting tested. C1 Philadelphia Hlth Management Corp, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lauby, JL (reprint author), 260 S Broad St,18th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. EM Jennifer@phmc.org FU PHS HHS [UR3/CCU316432] NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s10461-005-9029-7 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 027OY UT WOS:000236426100010 PM 16323035 ER PT J AU Abdullah, ASM Fielding, R Ebrahim, SH AF Abdullah, ASM Fielding, R Ebrahim, SH TI Narrowing sexual behavioural differences between Chinese and non-Chinese populations in Hong Kong: Implications for sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVALENCE; RISK; WORKERS; MEN; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES; TRAVELERS; HIV/AIDS; NETWORKS; DISEASES AB Information on sexual networking between different ethnic groups, in particular between Chinese and non-Chinese, is scarce. This study compared patterns of sexual behaviour and determinants of unsafe sexual behaviours amongst the Chinese and non-Chinese residents of Hong Kong. Of the 2,060 respondents (2060/4157; 50% response rate), 73% identified themselves as being ethnic Chinese. Overall, having a non-regular partner was more common amongst the non-Chinese (36%) than the Chinese (17%) respondents. Chinese people who were at increased risk of having had sex with a non-regular partner included social hygiene clinic attendees and airport travellers, males and ever smokers. For non-Chinese this was inconsistent condom use and being aged 18 - 45. Predictors of inconsistent condom use for Chinese included being aged 18 - 45, never having been married, and having had sex with non-regular partners; for non-Chinese the predictors were being aged 18 - 45, having had sex with non-regular partners and being unafraid of AIDS. We conclude that there are similarities and differences in sexual risk-taking behaviours between Chinese and non-Chinese residents in Hong Kong. To maximize potential public health benefits, behavioural interventions should be designed to address the different risk profiles of Chinese and non-Chinese populations separately. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abdullah, ASM (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community Med, 5-F Acad Block,New Med Complex,21 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM asm.abdullah@gradute.hku.hk RI Fielding, Richard/C-4268-2009 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD JAN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1080/09540120500101914 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 982JS UT WOS:000233154700004 PM 16282073 ER PT J AU McDavid, K Gerstle, JE Hammett, TA Ellison, DM Stephens, TG Kirk, J AF McDavid, K Gerstle, JE Hammett, TA Ellison, DM Stephens, TG Kirk, J TI Results of the expanded HIV risk factor assessment project (EHRAP) SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION; EPIDEMIC AB An objective of EHRAP was to evaluate the HIV risk factor information reported to CDC through routine surveillance. HIV/AIDS surveillance programmes used medical and ancillary records to determine if information on HIV risk factors can be found for surveillance. Surveillance staff from Mississippi, South Carolina, and Virginia collected data on risk factors for HIV infection on a sample of cases diagnosed during 1998 and 1999. Overall percent agreement and Cohen kappa statistics were calculated for initially reported compared to EHRAP-identified risk factors. Of 160 cases reported without an identified risk factor, 86% were reclassified with a known risk factor. A risk factor was identified for 96% of all cases of HIV infection. Overall, agreement was good (k = 0.89) between initially reported and verified HIV risk factor. All three states met the national goal of at least 85% of reported cases with a risk factor for HIV infection. The completeness of collection and reporting of HIV risk factors for national HIV/AIDS surveillance can be improved. The current method of risk factor redistribution at the national level should be evaluated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Virginia HIV AIDS Surveillance Program, Richmond, VA USA. S Carolina HIV AIDS Surveillance Program, Columbia, SC USA. Mississippi State Dept Hlth Surveillance Branch, Jackson, MS USA. RP McDavid, K (reprint author), CDC, NCHSTP, DHAP, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM KMcDavid@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD JAN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1080/09540120500162213 PG 5 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 982JS UT WOS:000233154700012 PM 16282081 ER PT J AU Agwale, SM Zeh, C Paxinos, E Odama, L Pienazek, D Wambebe, C Kalish, ML Ziermann, R AF Agwale, SM Zeh, C Paxinos, E Odama, L Pienazek, D Wambebe, C Kalish, ML Ziermann, R TI Genotypic and phenotypic analyses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in antiretroviral drug-naive Nigerian patients SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID PROTEASE INHIBITORS; RESISTANCE; MUTATIONS; SUBTYPES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATTERNS; FAILURE; IMPACT; ASSAY; GENE AB We analyzed the subtypes and genotypic and phenotypic drug susceptibility profiles of 18 HIV-1 isolates from treatment-naive patients in Nigeria. A modified gp41-based heteroduplex mobility assay was used to determine the clade designation based on the envelope gene. The protease and most of the reverse transcriptase regions were cloned into a retroviral expression vector and sequenced. Samples were also analyzed phenotypically using a rapid phenotypic assay (PhenoSense HIV, ViroLogic, Inc.). According to the modified gp41-based heteroduplex mobility assay, the patients were infected with either clade G ( 17 specimens) or clade A ( one specimen) isolates. From phylogenetic analyses of 1212 nucleotides of the polymerase gene, 14 of the 18 isolates were strongly grouped with subtype G reference strains. The remaining four isolates were grouped with the CRF_02_AG clade. Within the protease region, all 18 isolates had mutations/polymorphic substitutions at six locations compared to the HIV-1 NL4-3 reference sequence, two of which have been associated with resistance to protease inhibitors (K20I and M36I). At least half of the isolates had mutations/polymorphic substitutions at an additional five positions in the protease region. Within the reverse transcriptase (RT) region, all 18 isolates showed an E291D mutation/polymorphic substitution. Mutations/polymorphic substitutions were also found in at least half of the isolates at 21 positions. The phenotypic profiles of the viruses correlated well with the observed genotypes. Two isolates showed slightly reduced susceptibility to one or two of the five PIs assessed (ritonavir and ritonavir/nelfinavir) and all 18 viruses were susceptible to all NRTIs and NNRTIs analyzed. C1 Bayer HealthCare LLC, Diagnost Div, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. Dis Res Inst, Gede AIDS & Infect Dis Res Inst, Abuja, Nigeria. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ViroLogic Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. Natl Inst Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria. RP Ziermann, R (reprint author), Bayer HealthCare LLC, Diagnost Div, POB 2466, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. EM rainer.ziermann.b@bayer.com NR 21 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 22 EP 26 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.22.22 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 014IC UT WOS:000235472100003 PM 16438641 ER PT J AU Forna, F McConnell, M Kitabire, FN Homsy, J Brooks, JT Mermin, J Weidle, PJ AF Forna, F McConnell, M Kitabire, FN Homsy, J Brooks, JT Mermin, J Weidle, PJ TI Systematic review of the safety of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis in HIV-infected pregnant women: Implications for resource-limited settings SO AIDS REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE hyperbilirubinemia; kernicterus; trimethoprim; sulfamethoxazole; sulfonamide; pregnancy; HIV ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII-PNEUMONIA; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; FOLIC-ACID ANTAGONISTS; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; NEWBORN-INFANT; COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; POSSIBLE TERATOGENICITY; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-1-INFECTED ADULTS AB Daily Prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) significantly decreases morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV Some clinicians are reluctant to use TMP-SMZ in pregnant and breastfeeding HIV-infected women because of concerns about the possible teratogenicity when used in the first trimester and about its potential to induce hyperbilirubinemia near term and during early breastfeeding. We systematically reviewed evidence regarding the toxicity of TMP-SMZ prophylaxis in pregnant and breastfeeding women to help guide practice in resource-limited settings. We identified relevant literature by searching PubMed and MEDLINE via OVID, Embase, and Science Citation Index for data on hyperbilirubinemia, kernicterus, and teratogenicity associated with administration of sulfonamides and TMP-SMZ through July 2005. We also reviewed the reference lists of identified articles. Most studies demonstrated that TMP-SMZ was not associated with hyperbilirubinemia when administered to mothers during pregnancy and breastfeeding. No cases of kernicterus were reported in neonates after maternal ingestion of sulfonamides. There is mixed evidence linking ingestion of TMP-SMZ and other sulfonamides in early pregnancy to elevated risks of oral clefts, neural tube defects, and cardiovascular and urinary tract abnormalities, although some sources found that supplementation with folic acid might ameliorate this potential risk. Existing guidelines recommend that HIV-infected pregnant women receive prophylaxis, but they differ with regards to stage of disease at which to initiate treatment, need for CD4+ T-lymphocyte testing, and prophylaxis during the first trimester. Existing data indicate that the risk of serious injury to neonates from maternal use of daily TMP-SMZ prophylaxis during pregnancy and breastfeeding is small. Given the substantial benefits of TMP-SMZ prophylaxis for HIV-infected women living in resource-limited settings, this review indicates that it is safe to abide by the WHO guidelines recommending daily TMP-SMZ prophylaxis for HIV-infected pregnant women. C1 CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US CDC Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. CDC, Global AIDS Program, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC Uganda, Global AIDS Program, Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Forna, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fforna@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 87 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERMANYER PUBLICATIONS PI BARCELONA PA MALLORCA, 310, BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 1139-6121 J9 AIDS REV JI Aids Rev. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 24 EP 36 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 029AI UT WOS:000236529800004 PM 16736949 ER PT J AU Kolasa, MS Chilkatowsky, AP Clarke, KR Lutz, JP AF Kolasa, MS Chilkatowsky, AP Clarke, KR Lutz, JP TI How complete are immunization registries? The Philadelphia story SO AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE health services; immunization; registries; vaccination ID ACCURACY AB Objective.-To assess accuracy and completeness of Philadelphia, Pa, registry data among children served by providers in areas at risk for underimmunization. Methods.-Philadelphia's Department of Public Health selected a simple random sample of 45 children age 19-35 months (or all children age 19-35 months if there were < 45 children in the practice) from each of 30 private practices receiving government-funded vaccine and located in zip codes where children are at risk for underimmunization. Chart and registry data were compared with determine the proportion of children missing from the registry and assess differences in immunization coverage. Results.-Of 620 children reviewed, 567 (92%) were in the registry. Significant differences (P < .05) were observed in immunization coverage for 4 diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccinations, 3 polio vaccinations, 1 measles-runlitips-rubella vaccination, and 3 Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccinations between the chart (80% coverage) and registry (62% coverage). Providers submitting electronic medical records or directly transferring electronic data to the registry had significantly more children in the registry and higher registry-reported immunization coverage than those whose data were entered from billing records or log forms. All practice types experienced difficulties in transferring complete data to the registry. Conclusions.-Although 92% of study children were in the registry, immunization coverage was significantly lower when registry data were compared with chart data. Because electronic medical records and direct electronic data transfer resulted in more complete registry data, these methods should be encouraged in linking providers with immunization registries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Kolasa, MS (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mxk2@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1530-1567 J9 AMBUL PEDIATR JI Ambul. Pediatr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.ambp.2005.08.006 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 009JG UT WOS:000235107300004 PM 16443179 ER PT J AU Pastor, PN Reuben, CA AF Pastor, PN Reuben, CA TI Identified attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and medically attended, nonfatal injuries: US school-age children, 1997-2002 SO AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; medically attended injury; school-age children ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; YOUNG-ADULTS; CARE; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; PREVENTION; DIAGNOSIS; RISKS; COSTS AB Objective.-To determine the medically attended, nonfatal injury rate among children 6-17 years of age ever and never identified with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods.-An analysis was performed of parentally reported injury episodes during the past 3 months and current demographic characteristics of 3741 sample children ever identified with ADHD and 48 243 never identified with ADHD in the 1997-2002 National Health Interview Surveys. Results.-The annualized rate of injury was 204 episodes per 1000 among children with ADHD compared with 115 episodes per 1000 among children without ADHD. Injury episode rates were higher for children with ADHD regardless of age, sex, or health insurance. Logistic regression, which controlled for confounding risk factors, showed a robust association between ADHD and injury. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for ADHD (ORadj = 1.83) was similar to the ORs for other important predictors of injury, such as male sex (ORadj = 1.45), older age (ORadj = 1.50), and private health insurance (ORadj = 1.44). Children with other health conditions had an increased odds for injury (ORadj = 1.51 for children with other developmental disorders and ORadj = 1.53 for children with physical disorders). Characteristics of injury episodes were generally similar for children with and without ADHD. Conclusions.-Results from a large, nationally representative sample indicate that children ever identified with ADHD were more likely to have a medically attended, nonfatal injury than children never identified with ADHD. The increased odds of injury among children with ADHD could not be attributed to other confounding risk factors. Children with ADHD may benefit from targeted injury prevention efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Pastor, PN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6423, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM php3@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1530-1567 J9 AMBUL PEDIATR JI Ambul. Pediatr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.ambp.2005.07.002 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 009JG UT WOS:000235107300007 PM 16443182 ER PT J AU McGuire, LC Ford, ES Ajani, UA AF McGuire, LC Ford, ES Ajani, UA TI Cognitive functioning as a predictor of functional disability in later life SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE cognition; disability; second longitudinal study of aging ID OLDER-ADULTS; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; INCIDENT DISABILITY; POPULATION; IMPAIRMENT; ADL; ABILITY; HEALTH; IMPACT; AGES AB Objective: The contribution of cognitive functioning on multiple levels of functional disability and mortality over two years as well as individual activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) tasks, in a sample of older U. S. adults was examined. Methods: A total of 4,077 U. S. adults (1,493 males and 2,584 females) aged >= 70 years (mean = 76.35 years) from the Second Longitudinal Study of Aging (1997/1998 - 1999/2000) were examined using an adapted Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS), ADLs, and IADLs. Results: Multivariate logistic regression investigated cognition as a predictor of five mutually exclusive levels of functional disability. People with the lowest level of cognition had greater odds of mortality at follow-up (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.94 - 4.20), ADL and IADL disability (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.15 2.16), ADL disability (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.27 - 2.64), or IADL disability (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.86 - 1.71) than those who were disability-free. Cognitive functioning was not predictive of individual ADL tasks but was predictive of the IADL tasks of preparing meals, shopping for groceries, managing money, telephone use, light housework, and medications but not heavy housework. Conclusion: Persons with lower levels of cognitive functioning were more likely to die or become disabled than those with higher levels of cognition. Changes in cognitive functioning might serve as an early indicator of neurologic and medical factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McGuire, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lmcguire@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1064-7481 J9 AM J GERIAT PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1097/01.JGP.0000192502.10692.d6 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 001SK UT WOS:000234556400006 PM 16407580 ER PT J AU Griffin-Blake, CS DeJoy, DM AF Griffin-Blake, CS DeJoy, DM TI Evaluation of social-cognitive versus stage-matched, self-help physical activity interventions at the workplace SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE prevention research; manuscript format : research; research purpose : intervention testing; study design : randomized trial; outcome measure : cognitive behavioral; setting : workplace; health focus : fitness/physical activity; strategy : skill building/behavior change; target population : adults ID EXERCISE BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; DECISIONAL BALANCE; SMOKING CESSATION; INTEGRATIVE MODEL; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; PEOPLE CHANGE; EFFICACY; ADHERENCE; ADULTS; DETERMINANTS AB Purpose. To compare the effectiveness of stage matched vs. social-cognitive physical activity interventions in a work setting. Both interventions were designed as minimal-contact, self-help programs suitable for large-scale application. Design. Randomized trial. Participants were randomized into one of the two intervention groups at baseline; the follow-up assessment was conducted 1 month later Setting. A large, public university in the southeastern region of the United States. Subjects. Employees from two academic colleges within the participating institution were eligible to Participate: 366 employees completed the baseline assessment; 208 of these completed both assessments (baseline and follow-up) and met the compliance criteria. Intervention. Printed, self-help exercise booklets (12 to 16 pages in length) either (1) matched to the individual 5 stage of motivational readiness for exercise adoption at baseline or (2) derived from social-cognitive theory but not matched by stage. Measures. Standard questionnaires were administered to assess stage of motivational readiness for physical activity; physical activity participation; and exercise-related processes of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and goal satisfaction. Results. The two interventions were equally effective in moving participants to higher levels Of motivational readiness for reg-ular physical activity. Among participants not already in maintenance at baseline, 34.9% in the stage-matched, condition progressed, while 33.9% in the social-cognitive group did so (chi(2) = not significant). Analyses of variance showed that the two treatment groups did not differ in terms of physical activity participation, cognitive and behavioral process use, decisional balance, or the other psychological constructs. For both treatment groups, cognitive process use remained high across all stages, while behavioral process use increased at the higher stages. The pros component of decisional balance did not vary across stage, whereas cons decreased significantly between preparation and action. Conclusions. Minimal-contact, one-shot physical activity interventions delivered at work can help people increase their participation in regular physical activity. Stage matching may not necessarily add value to interventions that otherwise make good use of behavior change theory. The findings also reinforce the importance of barrier reduction in long-term adherence. A limiting factor in this study is that employees in the earliest stage of change (Precontemplation) were not well-represented in the sample. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hlth Promot & Behav, Workpl Hlth Grp, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Griffin-Blake, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SGriffinBlake@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 200 EP 209 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 002BS UT WOS:000234587000008 PM 16422140 ER PT J AU Middleton, DC Lewin, MD Kowalski, PJ Cox, SS Kleinbaum, D AF Middleton, DC Lewin, MD Kowalski, PJ Cox, SS Kleinbaum, D TI The BeLPT: Algorithms and implications SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE beryllium; chronic beryllium disease; sensitivity; specificity; lymphocyte; proliferation; screening; pulmonary disease ID CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION TEST; LUNG-DISEASE; NATURAL-HISTORY AB Background The beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) is used to identify persons with beryllium sensitization. The variability of laboratory results and lack of a "gold standard" have led to questions about the test's performance. Fortunately, a recently published study has credibly estimated standard epidemiologic parameters for the BeLPT Methods Information from this recent study was used to assess the performance of two common algorithms for BeLPT testing. Standard epidemiologic parameters were determined for two common algorithms and then compared. Results One of the two algorithms was more sensitive than the other (86% vs. 66%). The specificity of both algorithms (99.8% or greater) was high. At an estimated 2% prevalence, the positive predictive value of both algorithms for beryllium sensitization remained high (90% or higher). Conclusions A priori characterization of the testing algorithm under consideration can enhance public health decision-making. C1 ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Middleton, DC (reprint author), ATSDR, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dcm2@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1002/ajim.20241 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 000DH UT WOS:000234440600006 PM 16362939 ER PT J AU Roper, WL AF Roper, WL TI Consumers must drive quality health care SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL QUALITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ N Carolina, Hlth Care Syst, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Roper, WL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Hlth Care Syst, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1062-8606 J9 AM J MED QUAL JI Am. J. Med. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 7 EP 8 DI 10.1177/1062860605284295 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 005GQ UT WOS:000234811000002 PM 16401699 ER PT J AU Harper, KN Ocampo, PS Steiner, BM George, RW Silverman, MS Bolotin, S Pillay, A Armelagos, GJ AF Harper, KN Ocampo, PS Steiner, BM George, RW Silverman, MS Bolotin, S Pillay, A Armelagos, GJ TI The origin of syphilis: a phylogenetic approach suggesting New World origin. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. RI Harper, Kristin/H-3848-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2006 SU 42 BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 016YQ UT WOS:000235661100190 ER PT J AU Ocampo, PS Liu, H Harper, KN George, RW Armelagos, GJ Steiner, BM AF Ocampo, PS Liu, H Harper, KN George, RW Armelagos, GJ Steiner, BM TI Towards a solution to the syphilis enigma: trend in the arp gene suggests evolutionary relationships of the treponemes. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Harper, Kristin/H-3848-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2006 SU 42 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 016YQ UT WOS:000235661100350 ER PT J AU Ajani, UA Ford, ES Greenland, KJ Giles, WH Mokdad, AH AF Ajani, UA Ford, ES Greenland, KJ Giles, WH Mokdad, AH TI Aspirin use among US adults - Behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RANDOMIZED TRIALS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; REDUCTION; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; STATEMENT; SECONDARY; EVENTS AB Background: The role of aspirin in prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular complications among people with diabetes has been examined. A Healthy People 2010 objective calls for increasing the proportion of people with diabetes aged >= 40 years who take aspirin >= 15 times per month. Methods: Data from 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to examine (1) the prevalence of aspirin intake, (2) aspirin use among those with CVD, (3) aspirin use among those with diabetes, (4) current status with respect to Healthy People objective 5-16, and (5) changes in aspirin intake from 1999. Results: Daily or every-other-day aspirin use was reported by 36.2% of participants in 2003. Aspirin intake among those with CVD and diabetes was 82.8% and 62.6%, respectively. The Healthy People 2010 objective of increasing the proportion of adults with diabetes aged >= 40 years who take aspirin to 30% was achieved. The prevalence of aspirin intake was higher in 2003 compared to 1999 among all participants, those with CVD, and those with diabetes (relative increase of about 20%, 12%, and 36%, respectively). Most participants (74%) reported cardiovascular reasons for aspirin use. Among those without CVD or diabetes, the prevalence of aspirin intake increased with the increasing number of CVD risk factors. Conclusions: Regular aspirin use increased over a 4-year period. Greater use of inexpensive and easily accessible interventions to prevent cardiovascular events is encouraging. Increased efforts to continue preventive uses of available treatment and reduction in risk by modifying other risk factors will help lower future disease burden. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ajani, UA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM uajani@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1 BP 74 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.042 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 007TK UT WOS:000234992500011 PM 16414427 ER PT J AU Richardson, LC Tian, LL Voti, L Hartzema, AG Reis, I Fleming, LE MacKinnon, J AF Richardson, LC Tian, LL Voti, L Hartzema, AG Reis, I Fleming, LE MacKinnon, J TI The roles of teaching hospitals, insurance status, and race/ethnicity in receipt of adjuvant therapy for regional-stage breast cancer in Florida SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID OLDER WOMEN; HEALTH-INSURANCE; UNITED-STATES; CARE; CARCINOMA; QUALITY; CHEMOTHERAPY; TAMOXIFEN; SURVIVAL; OUTCOMES AB Objectives. We examined the roles of teaching hospitals, insurance status, and race/ ethnicity in women's receipt of adjuvant therapy for regional-stage breast cancer. Methods. Data were taken from the Florida Cancer Data System for cases diagnosed from July 1997 to December 2000. We evaluated the impact of health insurance status and hospital type on use of adjuvant therapy (after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and marital status). Interaction terms for hospital type, insurance status, and race/ethnicity were entered in each model. Results. Teaching facilities diagnosed 12.5% of the cases; however, they cared for a disproportionate percentage (21.3%) of uninsured and Medicaid-insured women. Among women who received adjuvant chemotherapy only, those diagnosed in teaching hospitals were more likely than those diagnosed in nonteaching hospitals to receive therapy regardless of insurance status or race/ethnicity. Among women who received chemotherapy with or without hormonal therapy, Hispanics were more likely than White non-Hispanic women to receive therapy, whereas women with private insurance or Medicare were less likely than uninsured and Medicaid-insured women to receive this type of therapy. Conclusions. Teaching facilities play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of regional-stage breast cancer among Hispanics, uninsured women, and women insured by Medicaid. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Med, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Pharm Hlth Care Adm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Florida Canc Data Syst, Sylvester Comprehens Canc Ctr, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Biostat, Sylvester Comprehens Canc Ctr, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Richardson, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mail Stop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lfr8@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 BP 160 EP 166 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.053579 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 998JG UT WOS:000234314000028 PM 16317209 ER PT J AU Mutuku, FM Alaii, JA Bayoh, MN Gimnig, JE Vulule, JM Walker, ED Kabiru, E Hawley, WA AF Mutuku, FM Alaii, JA Bayoh, MN Gimnig, JE Vulule, JM Walker, ED Kabiru, E Hawley, WA TI Distribution, description, and local knowledge of larval habitats of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in a village in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; MALARIA VECTORS; COMMUNITY; TRANSMISSION; SURVIVAL AB A sampling census revealed 104 aquatic habitats of 6 types for Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae in a village in western Kenya, namely burrow pits, drainage channels, livestock hoof prints, rain pools, tire tracks, and pools in streambeds. Most habitats were created by human activity and were highly clustered in dispersion pattern within the village landscape. Landscape analysis revealed that six of forty-seven 0.09 km(2) cells superimposed over the village harbored 65% of all habitats. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with villagers revealed the extent of knowledge of the village residents of larval habitats, mosquito sources in the local environment, and what might be done to prevent mosquito breeding. Participants did not associate specific habitats with anopheline larvae, expressed reluctance to eliminate habitats because they were sources of domestic water supply, but indicated willingness to participate in a source reduction program if support were available. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Walker, ED (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, 2215 Biomed & Phys Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM walker@msu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-50703] NR 29 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 002OV UT WOS:000234621800009 PM 16407345 ER PT J AU Mutuku, FM Bayoh, MN Gimnig, JE Vulule, JM Kamau, L Walker, ED Kabiru, E Hawley, WA AF Mutuku, FM Bayoh, MN Gimnig, JE Vulule, JM Kamau, L Walker, ED Kabiru, E Hawley, WA TI Pupal habitat productivity of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes in a rural village in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA TRANSMISSION; DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; LARVAE; IDENTIFICATION; MORTALITIES; PREDATORS; SENEGAL; ECOLOGY; DAKAR AB The productivity of larval habitats of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae for pupae (the stage preceding adult metamorphosis) is poorly known, yet adult emergence from habitats is the primary determinant of vector density. To assess it, we used absolute sampling methods in four studies involving daily sampling for 25 days in 6 habitat types in a village in western Kenya. Anopheles gambiae s.s. comprised 82.5% of emergent adults and Anopheles arabiensis the remainder. Pupal production occurred from a subset of habitats, primarily soil burrow pits, and was discontinuous in time, even when larvae occupied all habitats continuously. Habitat stability was positively associated with pupal productivity. In a dry season, pupal productivity was distributed between burrow pits and pools in streambeds. Overall, these data support the notion that source reduction measures against recognizably productive habitats would be a useful component of an integrated management program for An. gainbiae in villages. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Walker, ED (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM walker@msu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-50703] NR 29 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 002OV UT WOS:000234621800010 PM 16407346 ER PT J AU Yori, PP Kosek, M Gilman, RH Cordova, J Bern, C Chavez, CB Olortegui, MP Montalvan, C Sanchez, GM Worthen, B Worthen, J Leung, F Ore, CV AF Yori, PP Kosek, M Gilman, RH Cordova, J Bern, C Chavez, CB Olortegui, MP Montalvan, C Sanchez, GM Worthen, B Worthen, J Leung, F Ore, CV TI Seroepidemiology of strongyloidiasis in the Peruvian Amazon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; STERCORALIS INFECTION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; ELISA; SPECIFICITY; DIARRHEA; ANTIBODY; SERUM AB A stool and serosurvey for Strongyloides stercoralis was conducted in a community in the Peruvian Amazon region. Strongyloidiasis stercoralis was identified in the stool of 69 (8.7%) of 792 participants. Six hundred nine sera were tested using by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 94%; 442 (72%) were positive. In multivariable logistic regression models, having, S. stercoralis in stool was associated with hookworm in the same specimen (odds ratio [OR] = 4.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.02-9.79) occasionally or never wearing shoes (OR = 1.89, 95% Cl = 1.10-3.27), and increasing age (OR = 1.012 for each one-year increase, 95% Cl 1.00-1.03). Similarly, occasionally or never wearing shoes (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.01-2.37) and increasing age (OR = 1.04 for each one-year increase, 95% Cl = 1.02-1.06) were associated with an increased risk of a positive S. stercoralis ELISA result. The ELISA had a negative predictive value of 98% and is an excellent screening test for strongyloidiasis. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Asociac Benef PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Peruvian Hlth Minist, Maynas, Peru. RP Kosek, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Room 5515, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM mkosek@jhsph.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [K01 TW005717, KO1TW005717]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01AI52976-01, T35 AI007646, T35AI107646] NR 24 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 002OV UT WOS:000234621800015 PM 16407351 ER PT J AU Srikantiah, P Girgis, FY Luby, SP Jennings, G Wasfy, MO Crump, JA Hoekstra, RM Anwer, M Mahoney, FJ AF Srikantiah, P Girgis, FY Luby, SP Jennings, G Wasfy, MO Crump, JA Hoekstra, RM Anwer, M Mahoney, FJ TI Population-based surveillance of typhoid fever in Egypt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHI; RISK-FACTORS; BONE-MARROW; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DRUG-RESISTANCE; SEROTYPE TYPHI; RECTAL-SWAB; BLOOD; INDONESIA; MORTALITY AB Credible measures of disease incidence are necessary to guide typhoid fever control efforts. In Egypt, incidence estimates have been derived from hospital-based syndromic surveillance, which may not represent the population with typhoid fever. To determine the population-based incidence of typhoid fever in Fayoum Governorate (pop. 2,240,000), we established laboratory-based surveillance at five tiers of health care. Incidence estimates were adjusted for sampling and test sensitivity. Of 1,815 patients evaluated, cultures yielded 90 (5%) Salmonella Typhi isolates. The estimated incidence of typhoid fever was 59/100,000 persons/year. We estimate 71% of typhoid fever patients are managed by primary care providers. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi (resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) was isolated from 26 (29%) patients. Population-based surveillance indicates moderate typhoid fever incidence in Fayoum, and a concerning prevalence of MDR typhoid. The majority of patients are evaluated at the primary care level and would not have been detected by hospital-based surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Srikantiah, P (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, 995 Potrero Ave,Box 0874,Bldg 80,Ward 84, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM psrikant@itsa.ucsf.edu; sluby@icddrb.org; jenningsg@namru3.org; wafsym@namru3.org; jcrump@cdc.gov; mhoekstra@cdc.gov; mahoneyf@emro.who.int RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 114 EP 119 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 002OV UT WOS:000234621800018 PM 16407354 ER PT J AU Green, BJ O'Meara, T Sercombe, JK Tovey, ER AF Green, Brett James O'Meara, Timothy Sercombe, Jason Kingsley Tovey, Euan Roger TI Measurement of personal exposure to outdoor aeromycota in northern New South Wales, Australia SO ANNALS OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE airborne fungi; allergen; conidia; hyphae; mould ID ALTERNARIA SPORES; RHINITIS SYMPTOMS; NATURAL EXPOSURE; FUNGAL FRAGMENTS; RURAL AUSTRALIA; INDOOR AIR; POLLEN; ALLERGEN; SOIL; SAMPLER AB Aerobiological sampling traditionally uses a volumetric spore trap located in a fixed position to estimate personal exposure to airborne fungi. In this study, the number and identity of fungi inhaled by human subjects (n=34), wearing Intra-nasal air (INASs), was measured over 2-hour periods in an Outdoor community setting, and compared to fungal Counts made with a Burkard spore trap and Institute of Occupational Medicine personal filter air samplers (IOMs). All sampling devices were in close proximity and located in an outdoor environment in Casino, northern New South Wales, Australia. Using INASs, the most prevalent fungi inhaled belonged to soil or vegetation borne spores of Alternaria, Arthrinium, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Epicoccum, Exserohilum, Fusarium, Pithomyces, Spegazzinia and Tetraploa species, Xylariaceae ascospores, in addition to hyphal fragments. These results showed that inhaled fungal exposure in most people varied in a 2-fold range with 10-fold outliers. In addition, the INASs and personal air filters agreed more with each other than with Burkard spore trap counts (r=0.74, p < 0.0001). These findings further support a new paradigm of personal fungal exposure, which implicates the inhalation of a spectrum of fungi more closely associated with soil or vegetation borne mycoflora and hyphal fragments than what is collected by stationary spore traps in the same geographic region. C1 Univ Sydney, Dept Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Green, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 4020, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM Brett.Green@cdc.hhs.gov NR 48 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST AGRICULTURAL MEDICINE PI LUBLIN PA JACZEWSKIEGO 2, PO BOX 185, 20-950 LUBLIN, POLAND SN 1232-1966 J9 ANN AGR ENV MED JI Ann. Agr. Env. Med. PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 225 EP 234 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 122GL UT WOS:000243213600005 PM 17195994 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, RF TI Frequency of attendance at religious services and leisure-time physical activity in American women and men: The third national health and nutrition examination survey SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHURCH ATTENDANCE; NHANES-III; ADULTS; EXERCISE; BEHAVIORS; RISK AB Background: Studies are lacking from representative samples of total populations and Hispanic Americans on the association of religiousness and leisure time physical activity (LTPA). Purpose: The objective is to test the hypothesis that frequency of attendance at religious services is positively associated with LTPA. Methods: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) included 11,820 persons 20 years of age and older with complete data on self reported frequency of attendance at religious services, LTPA, and mobility limitation. Results: Among older women with no mobility limitation, infrequent attenders had significantly higher prevalence of no LTPA (odds ratio = 1.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.1, 1.9; p =.02), but infrequent attenders were not significantly different from others in prevalence of moderate or vigorous LTPA 5 or more times per week after adjustment for sociodemographic variables and health status. No significant associations were seen at 20 to 59 years of age or in men. Conclusions: In older women without mobility limitation, less than weekly attendance at religious services was associated with greater prevalence of no LTPA even after controlling for health status. Significant adjusted associations were not seen in men or younger women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1207/s15324796abm3101_6 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 014VB UT WOS:000235507300006 PM 16472036 ER PT J AU Auf der Heide, E AF Auf der Heide, E TI The importance of evidence-based disaster planning SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SUBWAY SARIN ATTACK; 1980 EARTHQUAKE; NORTH-CAROLINA; EMERGENCY; MANAGEMENT; DELIVERY; TORNADO; IMPACT; MORTALITY; ACCIDENT AB Disaster planning is only as good as the assumptions on which it is based. However, some of these assumptions are derived from a conventional wisdom that is at variance with empirical field disaster research studies. Knowledge of disaster research findings might help planners avoid common disaster management pitfalls, thereby improving disaster response planning. To illustrate the point, this article examines several common assumptions about disasters, compares them with research findings, and discusses the implications for planning. These assumptions are that: 1. Dispatchers will hear of the disaster and send emergency response units to the scene. 2. Trained emergency personnel will carry out field search and rescue. 3. Trained emergency medical services personnel will carry out triage, provide first aid or stabilizing medical care, and-if necessary-decontaminate casualties before patient transport. 4. Casualties will be transported to hospitals by ambulance. 5. Casualties will be transported to hospitals appropriate for their needs and in such a manner that no hospitals receive a disproportionate number. 6. Authorities at the scene will ensure that area hospitals are promptly notified of the disaster and the numbers, types, and severities of casualties to be transported to them. 7. The most serious casualties will be the first to be transported to hospitals. The current status and limitations of disaster research are discussed, and potential interventions to response problems are offered that may be of help to planners and practitioners and that may serve as hypotheses for future research. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Auf der Heide, E (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Mailstop F-32,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA USA. EM eaa9@cdc.gov NR 134 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 23 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 1 BP 34 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.05.009 PG 16 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 001OO UT WOS:000234546400007 PM 16387217 ER PT J AU DeVore, HK Abrahamian, FM AF DeVore, HK Abrahamian, FM TI Update on emerging infections: News from the centers for disease control and prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; SHIGELLOSIS; MEN; SEX C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sylmar, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DeVore, HK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sylmar, CA USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 1 BP 106 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.10.004 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 001OO UT WOS:000234546400017 PM 16387224 ER PT J AU O'Connor, PJ Gregg, E Rush, WA Cherney, LM Stiffman, MN Engelgau, MM AF O'Connor, PJ Gregg, E Rush, WA Cherney, LM Stiffman, MN Engelgau, MM TI Diabetes: How are we diagnosing and initially managing it? SO ANNALS OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diabetes; glycemic control; diagnosis; cardiovascular risk; primary care ID BLOOD-GLUCOSE CONTROL; COMORBIDITY INDEX; HEART-DISEASE; MELLITUS; RISK; COMPLICATIONS; CARE; ADULTS; CLASSIFICATION; ORGANIZATION AB PURPOSE We undertook this study to examine the symptoms, clinical events, and types of health care encounters that preceded the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in adults, and to examine changes in glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in the first year after a diabetes diagnosis. METHODS We conducted a historical cohort study of patients in a large multispecialty medical group in Minnesota. Among 55,121 adults who were continuously enrolled in the health plan and receiving care at the study medical group from, January 1, 1993, to December 31, 1996, we identified 504 who received a new diagnosis of diabetes in 1995 or 1996. Our main outcome measures were the type of symptoms at diagnosis; the clinical circumstances and type of encounter that led to diabetes diagnosis; and changes in glycemic control (assessed by hemoglobin A(1c) [HbA(1c)] value), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, blood pressure (BP), aspirin use, and body weight in the first year after diagnosis, ascertained from a detailed review of medical records. RESULTS Almost one third (32.3%) of adults with newly diagnosed diabetes had symptoms of hyperglycemia at initial diagnosis. Compared with patients who did not have hyperglycemia symptoms at diagnosis, those who did were younger and more often male, and had lower comorbidity scores and higher HbA(1c) values (9.9% vs 8.1%) at diagnosis (P <.01 for each comparison). In the 12 months after diagnosis, the group as a whole had significant improvements (P <.001) in HbA(1c) values (from 8.8% to 7.1%), systolic blood pressure (137.5 to 133.2 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (80.7 to 77.3 mm Hg), weight (207.7 to 201.1 lb), and aspirin use (15.3% to 26.1%). lmprovements were seen in all patient subgroups, including those defined by symptoms at diagnosis and by visit type at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Primary care practices may improve detection of undiagnosed diabetes in primary care and improve 1-year outcomes by being vigilant for symptoms of diabetes, by evaluating those at high risk for this disorder, and by instituting appropriate treatments at the time of diagnosis. C1 HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Connor, PJ (reprint author), HealthPartners Res Fdn, Mail Stop 23302G, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. EM Patrick.JOconnor@HealthPartners.com NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNALS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, LEAWOOD, KS 66211-2672, UNITED STATES SN 1544-1709 J9 ANN FAM MED JI Ann. Fam. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 4 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1370/afm.419 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 013UU UT WOS:000235436200004 PM 16449392 ER PT S AU Hayes, EB Gubler, DJ AF Hayes, EB Gubler, DJ TI West Nile virus: Epidemiology and clinical features of an emerging epidemic in the United States SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE SE Annual Review of Medicine LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE encephalitis; pathogenesis; treatment; prevention ID ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; AMERICAN MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; NEW-YORK-CITY; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; INSECT REPELLENTS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; NORTH-AMERICA; ENCEPHALITIS; TRANSMISSION AB West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in North America in 1999 during an outbreak of encephalitis in New York City. Since then the virus has spread across North America and into Canada, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The largest epidemics of neuroinvasive WNV disease ever reported occurred in the United States in 2002 and 2003. This paper reviews new information on the epidemiology and clinical aspects of WNV disease derived from greatly expanded surveillance and research on WNV during the past six years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. John A Burns Sch Med, Asia Pacific Inst Trop Med & Infect Dis, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. RP Hayes, EB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM ebh2@cdc.gov; dgubler@hawaii.edu NR 109 TC 200 Z9 213 U1 2 U2 24 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4219 BN 978-0-8243-0557-4 J9 ANNU REV MED JI Annu. Rev. Med. PY 2006 VL 57 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1146/annurev.med.57.121304.131418 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 021KK UT WOS:000235981900012 PM 16409144 ER PT S AU Hinman, AR Orenstein, WA Santoli, JM Rodewald, LE Cochi, SL AF Hinman, AR Orenstein, WA Santoli, JM Rodewald, LE Cochi, SL TI Vaccine shortages: History, impact, and prospects for the future SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH SE Annual Review of Public Health LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE immunization; health policy; liability; vaccine manufacture ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; UNITED-STATES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; IMMUNIZATION; MEASLES; RECOMMENDATIONS; PEDIATRICIANS; INFLUENZA; BARRIERS; CHILDREN AB Vaccine shortages can result from higher-than-expected demand. interruptions in production/supply, or a lack of resources to purchase vaccines. Each of these factors has played a role in vaccine shortages in the United States during the past 20 years. Since 2000, the United States has experienced an unprecedented series of shortages of vaccines recommended for widespread use against 9 diseases, after more than 15 years without vaccine supply problems. In developing countries, the major cause of vaccine shortages is lack of resources to purchase them. Although there are several steps that could reduce the likelihood of future vaccine shortages, many would take several years to implement. Consequently, we will probably continue to see occasional shortages of vaccines in the United States in the next few years. C1 Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hinman, AR (reprint author), Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. EM ahinman@taskforce.edu; worenst@emory.edu; zmd4@cdc.gov; lar9@cdc.gov; slc1@cdc.gov OI Rodewald, Lance/0000-0003-2593-542X NR 64 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 5 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-7525 BN 978-0-8243-2727-9 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 2006 VL 27 BP 235 EP 259 DI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102248 PG 25 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 039AM UT WOS:000237271600011 PM 16533116 ER PT J AU Sivapalasingam, S Nelson, JM Joyce, K Hoekstra, M Angulo, FJ Mintz, ED AF Sivapalasingam, S Nelson, JM Joyce, K Hoekstra, M Angulo, FJ Mintz, ED TI High prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Shigella isolates in the United States tested by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System from 1999 to 2002 SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE; DYSENTERIAE TYPE-1; NALIDIXIC-ACID; CLINICAL ISOLATE; EPIDEMIC STRAIN; RISK-FACTORS; 1ST REPORT; CIPROFLOXACIN; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN AB Shigella spp. infect approximately 450,000 persons annually in the United States, resulting in over 6,000 hospitalizations. Since 1999, the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for Enteric Bacteria has tested every 10th Shigella isolate from 16 state or local public health laboratories for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. From 1999 to 2002, NARMS tested 1,604 isolates. Among 1,598 isolates identified to species level, 1,278 (80%) were Shigella sonnei, 295 (18%) were Shigella flexneri, 18 (1%) were Shigella boydii, and 7 (0.4%) were Shigella dysenteriae. Overall, 1,251 (78%) were resistant to ampicillin and 744 (46%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Prevalence of TMP-SMX- or ampicillin- and TMP-SMX-resistant Shigella sonnei isolates varied by geographic region, with lower rates in the South and Midwest regions (TMP-SMX resistance, 27% and 30%, respectively; ampicillin and TMP-SMX resistance, 25% and 22%, respectively) and higher rates in the East and West regions (TMP-SMX resistance, 66% and 80%, respectively; ampicillin and TMP-SMX resistance, 54% and 65%, respectively). Nineteen isolates (1%) were resistant to nalidixic acid (1% of S. sonnei and 2% of S. flexneri isolates); 12 (63%) of these isolates had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. One S. flexneri isolate was resistant to ciprofloxacin. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone. Since 1986, resistance to ampicillin and TMP-SMX has dramatically increased. Shigella isolates in the United States remain susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sivapalasingam, S (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, 550 1St Ave,C&D Bldg,Room 558, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM sumathi.sivapalasingam@gmail.com NR 49 TC 61 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1128/AAC.50.1.49-54.2006 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 007RT UT WOS:000234988000005 PM 16377666 ER PT J AU Bennett, DE Smith, AJ McCormick, L Prachand, N Sey, E Bingham, T Ciesielski, C Sutherland, D Bertagnolio, S Mackellar, D Myatt, M AF Bennett, D. E. Smith, A. J. McCormick, L. Prachand, N. Sey, E. Bingham, T. Ciesielski, C. Sutherland, D. Bertagnolio, S. Mackellar, D. Myatt, M. TI Categorization of transmitted HIV drug resistance using the WHO/CDC HIV drug resistance threshold survey method SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 13-17, 2006 CL Sitges, SPAIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. UCL, London, England. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP S116 EP S116 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 076UY UT WOS:000239984700123 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG Qari, S Otten, R Johnson, J Kim, C Jackson, E Monsour, M Janssen, R Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, J. G. Qari, S. Otten, R. Johnson, J. Kim, C. Jackson, E. Monsour, M. Janssen, R. Folks, T. M. Heneine, W. TI Blunted viraemia and slow drug resistance emergence in rhesus macaques failing chemoprophylaxis with emtricitabine SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 13-17, 2006 CL Sitges, SPAIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 076UY UT WOS:000239984700064 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG Otten, R Qari, S Jackson, E Luo, W Kim, C Adams, D Bashirian, S Monsour, M Delinsky, D Schinazi, R Janssen, R Folks, T Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo Otten, R. Qari, S. Jackson, E. Luo, W. Kim, C. Adams, D. Bashirian, S. Monsour, M. Delinsky, D. Schinazi, R. Janssen, R. Folks, T. Heneine, W. TI Prevention of rectal SHIV transmission in macaques by tenofovir/FTC combination SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 13-17, 2006 CL Sitges, SPAIN C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP S107 EP S107 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 076UY UT WOS:000239984700114 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Li, JF Wei, X Craig, C Stone, C Horton, JH Lanier, ER Heneine, W AF Johnson, J. A. Li, J-F Wei, X. Craig, C. Stone, C. Horton, J. H. Lanier, E. R. Heneine, W. TI Baseline detection of low-frequency drug resistance-associated mutations is strongly associated with virological failure in previously antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected persons SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 13-17, 2006 CL Sitges, SPAIN C1 CDC, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP S79 EP S79 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 076UY UT WOS:000239984700089 ER PT J AU Van Rompay, KKA Johnson, JA Blackwood, EJ Lipscomb, J Bischofberger, N Heneine, W North, TW AF Van Rompay, K. K. A. Johnson, J. A. Blackwood, E. J. Lipscomb, J. Bischofberger, N. Heneine, W. North, T. W. TI Sequential emergence and clinical implications of K70E and K65R viral mutants during prolonged tenofovir monotherapy in rhesus macaques with chronic RT-SHIV infection SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 13-17, 2006 CL Sitges, SPAIN C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV & AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Gilead Sci Inc, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Comparat Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP S41 EP S41 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 076UY UT WOS:000239984700053 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Liu, X Frace, M Sulaiman, N Olsen-Rasmussen, M Neuhaus, E Rota, PA Wohlhueter, RM AF Sulaiman, IM Liu, X Frace, M Sulaiman, N Olsen-Rasmussen, M Neuhaus, E Rota, PA Wohlhueter, RM TI Evaluation of affymetrix severe acute respiratory syndrome resequencing GeneChips in characterization of the genomes of two strains of coronavirus infecting humans SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-THROUGHPUT; SEQUENCE; ARRAYS; POLYMORPHISMS; MICROARRAYS AB Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was discovered during a recent global outbreak of atypical pneumonia. A number of immunologic and molecular studies of the clinical samples led to the conclusion that a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was associated with the outbreak. Later, a SARS resequencing GeneChip was developed by Affymetrix to characterize the complete genome of SARS-CoV on a single GeneChip. The present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of SARS resequencing GeneChips. Two human SARS-CoV strains (CDC#200301157 and Urbani) were resequenced by the SARS GeneChips. Five overlapping PCR amplicons were generated for each strain and hybridized with these GeneChips. The successfully hybridized GeneChips generated nucleotide sequences of nearly complete genomes for the two SARS-CoV strains with an average call rate of 94.6%. Multiple alignments of nucleotide sequences obtained from SARS GeneChips and conventional sequencing revealed full concordance. Furthermore, the GeneChip-based analysis revealed no additional polymorphic sites. The results of this study suggest that GeneChip-based genome characterization is fast and reproducible. Thus, SARS resequencing GeneChips may be employed as an alternate tool to obtain genome sequences of SARS-CoV strains pathogenic for humans in order to further understand the transmission dynamics of these viruses. C1 CDCP, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sulaiman, IM (reprint author), CDCP, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-36,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM isulaiman@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 1 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1128/AEM.72.1.207-211.2006 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 003DW UT WOS:000234662800025 PM 16391044 ER PT J AU Moore, MR Pryor, M Fields, B Lucas, C Phelan, M Besser, RE AF Moore, MR Pryor, M Fields, B Lucas, C Phelan, M Besser, RE TI Introduction of monochloramine into a municipal water system: Impact on colonization of buildings by Legionella spp. SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; DRINKING-WATER; RISK; DISINFECTANTS; INACTIVATION; PNEUMOPHILA; BIOFILM AB Legionnaires' disease (LD) outbreaks are often traced to colonized potable water systems. We collected water samples from potable water systems of 96 buildings in Pinellas County, Florida, between January and April 2002, during a time when chlorine was the primary residual disinfectant, and from the same buildings between June and September 2002, immediately after monochloramine was introduced into the municipal water system. Samples were cultured for legionellae and amoebae using standard methods. We determined predictors of Legionella colonization of individual buildings and of individual sampling sites. During the chlorine phase, 19 (19.8%) buildings were colonized with legionellae in at least one sampling site. During the monochloramine phase, six (6.2%) buildings were colonized. In the chlorine phase, predictors of Legionella colonization included water source (source B compared to all others, adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 23) and the presence of a system with continuously circulating hot water (aOR, 9.8; 95% CI, 1.9 to 51). In the monochloramine phase, there were no predictors of individual building colonization, although we observed a trend toward greater effectiveness of monochloramine in hotels and single-family homes than in county government buildings. The presence of amoebae predicted Legionella colonization at individual sampling sites in both phases (OR ranged from 15 to 46, depending on the phase and sampling site). The routine introduction of monochloramine into a municipal drinking water system appears to have reduced colonization by Legionella spp. in buildings served by the system. Monochloramine may hold promise as community-wide intervention for the prevention of LD. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Pinellas Cty Util Lab, Largo, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moore, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM matt.moore@cdc.hhs.gov NR 19 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 1 BP 378 EP 383 DI 10.1128/AEM.72.1.378-383.2006 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 003DW UT WOS:000234662800048 PM 16391067 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Helmick, CG AF Hootman, JM Helmick, CG TI Projections of US prevalence of arthritis and associated activity limitations SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID RHEUMATIC CONDITIONS; UNITED-STATES; CARE AB Objective. To update the projected prevalence of self-reported, doctor-diagnosed arthritis and arthritis-attributable activity limitations among US adults ages 18 years and older from 2005 through 2030. Methods. Baseline age- and sex-specific prevalence rates of arthritis and activity limitation, using the latest surveillance case definitions, were estimated from the 2003 National Health Interview Survey, which is an annual, cross-sectional, population-based health interview survey of similar to 31,000 adults. These estimates were used to calculate projected arthritis prevalence and activity limitations for 2005-2030 using future population projections obtained from the US Census Bureau. Results. The prevalence of self-reported, doctor-diagnosed arthritis is projected to increase from 47.8 million in 2005 to nearly 67 million by 2030 (25% of the adult population). By 2030, 25 million (9.3% of the adult population) are projected to report arthritis-attributable activity limitations. In 2030, > 50% of arthritis cases will be among adults older than age 65 years. However, working-age adults (45-64 years) will account for almost one-third of cases. Conclusion. By 2030, the number of US adults with arthritis and its associated activity limitation is expected to increase substantially, resulting in a large impact on individuals, the health care system, and society in general. The growing epidemic of obesity may also significantly contribute to the future burden of arthritis. Improving access and availability of current clinical and public health interventions aimed at improving quality of life among persons with arthritis through lifestyle changes and disease self-management may help lessen the long-term impact. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arthrit Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arthrit Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jhootman@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 374 Z9 387 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 226 EP 229 DI 10.1002/art.21562 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 002IO UT WOS:000234605200027 PM 16385518 ER PT B AU Fields, BS Moore, MR AF Fields, Barry S. Moore, Matthew R. GP ASHRAE TI Control of Legionellae in the environment: A guide to the US guidelines SO ASHRAE Transactions 2006, Vol 112, Pt 1 SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers (ASHRAE) CY 2006 CL Chicago, IL AB The authors identified and reviewed 13 reference documents on Legionella and Legionnaires' disease prevention that can be characterized as either guidelines, recommendations, standards, or position papers. These documents were produced by professional associations and government agencies at the federal, state, and local levels. This paper does not include reference documents produced by individual companies because of the number of these documents and the potential for bias, nor does this paper review international guidelines on Legionnaires' disease. Rather we compared US prevention guidelines on Legionella and Legionnaires' disease to characterize the application of these documents. This review should help industry professionals navigate a diverse and potentially confusing collection of recommendations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fields, BS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2006 VL 112 BP 691 EP 699 PN 1 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BEM68 UT WOS:000238183500066 ER PT S AU Ashley, K Brisson, AJ Jahn, SD AF Ashley, Kevin Brisson, Alichael J. Jahn, Steven D. BE Ashley, K TI Standard methods for beryllium sampling and analysis: Avallabilities and needs SO Beryllium: Sampling and Analysis SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Beryllium Sampling and Analysis CY APR 21-22, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP ASTM Int Comm D22, Beryllium Hlth & Safety Comm, Sampling & Anal Subcomm DE aerosols; analysis; beryllium; reference materials; sample preparation; sampling; standards; surfaces; workplace ID DISEASE; SKIN AB Conformity in methods for sampling and analysis of beryllium in workplace air and on surfaces is desired, but inconsistencies in sampling and analytical practices often occur among industrial hygienists and laboratory personnel. In an effort to address these issues, this paper gives an overview of standardized methods for sampling and analysis of beryllium in the workplace. A number of published methods is currently available to the industrial hygiene and analytical community, but shortfalls in the use of standardized practices require attention. Also, questions remain concerning the performance of some of the sampling and analytical methodologies that have been promulgated. We attempt to identify needs for new or improved standard sampling protocols, sample preparation techniques, analytical methods, and reference materials. Where applicable, performance data are summarized for standardized methods that are either published or are under development. These include not only ASTM and ISO international standards, but also methods published by government agencies in the USA and abroad. Significant gaps in standard methods and requirements for reference materials remain. For example, consistent practices are lacking for: (a) surface sampling of beryllium in dust; (b) extraction of beryllium from surface dust samples prior to instrumental analysis; and (c) reference materials containing beryllium oxide (especially high-fired BeO). These and other gaps will be identified and shortcomings addressed. An ultimate goal is to provide standard methods which will ensure comparability of data obtained from different sites around the globe. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop R-7, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3499-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 1473 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.1520/STP37484S PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFE72 UT WOS:000241491400002 ER PT S AU Ashley, K McCluskey, TM Brisson, MJ Goodyear, G Cronin, J Agrawal, A AF Ashley, Kevin McCluskey, T. Mark Brisson, Michael J. Goodyear, Gordon Cronin, John Agrawal, Anoop BE Ashley, K TI Interlaboratory evaluation of a portable fluorescence method for the measurement of trace beryllium in the workplace SO Beryllium: Sampling and Analysis SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Beryllium Sampling and Analysis CY APR 21-22, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP ASTM Int Comm D22, Beryllium Hlth & Safety Comm, Sampling & Anal Subcomm DE beryllium; field-portable; fluorescence; interlaboratory evaluation; on-site monitoring; trace analysis; workplace ID SELECTIVE DETERMINATION; FLUOROMETRIC DETECTION; REAGENT; ION AB Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) developed a field-portable fluorescence method for the measurement of trace beryllium in workplace samples such as surface dust and air filters. The technology has been privately licensed and is commercially available. In cooperation with the Analytical Subcommittee of the Beryllium Health and Safety Committee, we have carried out a collaborative interlaboratory evaluation of the LANL field-portable fluorescence method. The interlaboratory study was conducted for the purpose of providing performance data that can be used to support standard methods. Mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membrane filters and Whatman 541 filters were spiked with beryllium standard solutions so that the filters spanned the range approximate to 0.05 - approximate to 0.5 mu g Be per sample. Sets of these filters were then coded (to ensure blind analysis) and sent to participating laboratories, where they were analyzed. Analysis consisted of the following steps: 1. Removal of the filters from transport cassettes and placement of them into 15-mL centrifuge tubes; 2. mechanically assisted extraction of the filters in 5 mL of 1% ammonium bifluoride solution (aqueous) for 30 min; 3.4. filtration and transfer of sample extract aliquots (100 mu L) into fluorescence cuvettes; 5. introduction of 1.9 mL of detection solution (to effect reaction of the fluorescence reagent with beryllium in the extracted sample); and 6. measurement of fluorescence at approximate to 475 nm using a portable fluorometer. This work presents performance data in support of a procedure that is targeted for publication as a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method and as an ASTM International standard. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop R-7, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3499-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 1473 BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1520/STP37491S PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFE72 UT WOS:000241491400009 ER PT J AU Herwaldt, BL AF Herwaldt, Barbara L. BE Fleming, DO Hunt, DL TI Protozoa and Helminths SO BIOLOGICAL SAFETY: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; LABORATORY-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS; ACQUIRED CHAGAS-DISEASE; ACCIDENTAL NEEDLE PUNCTURE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NOSOCOMIAL MALARIA; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; HUMAN CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; GAMBIENSE TRYPANOSOMIASIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 216 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-339-0 PY 2006 BP 115 EP 161 PG 47 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology GA BOY56 UT WOS:000278066800008 ER PT J AU Favero, MS Arduino, MJ AF Favero, Martin S. Arduino, Matthew J. BE Fleming, DO Hunt, DL TI Decontamination and Disinfection SO BIOLOGICAL SAFETY: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VAPORIZED HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; INACTIVATION; STEEL; ENCEPHALOPATHIES C1 [Favero, Martin S.] Johnson & Johnson, Adv Sterilizat Prod, Sci & Clin Affairs, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. [Arduino, Matthew J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm & Appl Microbiol Team, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Favero, MS (reprint author), Johnson & Johnson, Adv Sterilizat Prod, Sci & Clin Affairs, 33 Technol Dr, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-339-0 PY 2006 BP 373 EP 381 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology GA BOY56 UT WOS:000278066800021 ER PT J AU Bressler, DS Hawley, RJ AF Bressler, David S. Hawley, Robert J. BE Fleming, DO Hunt, DL TI Safety Considerations in the Biosafety Level 4 Maximum-Containment Laboratory SO BIOLOGICAL SAFETY: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bressler, David S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hawley, Robert J.] Midwest Res Inst, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Bressler, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-339-0 PY 2006 BP 487 EP 508 PG 22 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology GA BOY56 UT WOS:000278066800028 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Reidy, A Preau, JL Samandar, E Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Silva, MJ Reidy, A Preau, JL Samandar, E Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Measurement of eight urinary metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as biomarkers for human exposure assessment SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE DEHP; MEHP; Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; biomonitoring; phthalates ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DEHP; CHILDREN; RAT; PLASTICIZER; POPULATION; PARAMETERS; MONOESTERS; OXIDATION AB Human metabolism of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ( DEHP) is complex and yields mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ( MEHP) and numerous oxidative metabolites. The oxidative metabolites, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) and mono(2-carboxymethylhexyl) phthalate (MCMHP), have been considered to be better biomarkers for DEHP exposure assessment than MEHP because urinary levels of these metabolites are generally higher than MEHP, and their measurements are not subject to contamination. The urinary levels of the above metabolites, and of three other recently identified DEHP oxidative metabolites, mono(2-ethyl-3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MECPrP), mono-2-(1-oxoethylhexyl) phthalate (MOEHP), and mono(2-ethyl-4-carboxybutyl) phthalate (MECBP), were measured in 129 adults. MECPP, MCMHP and MEHHP were present in all the samples analysed. MEHP and the other oxidative metabolites were detected less frequently: MEOHP (99%), MECBP (88%), MECPrP (84%), MEHP (83%) and MOEHP (77%). The levels of all DEHP metabolites were highly correlated (pB/0.0001) with each other, confirming a common parent. The v and omega-1 oxidative metabolites ( MECPP, MCMHP, MEHHP and MEOHP) comprised 87.1% of all metabolites measured, and thus are most likely the best biomarkers for DEHP exposure assessment. The percentage of the unglucuronidated free form excreted in urine was higher for the ester linkage carboxylated DEHP metabolites compared with alcoholic and ketonic DEHP metabolites. The percentage of the unglucuronidated free form excreted in urine was higher for the DEHP metabolites with a carboxylated ester side-chain compared with alcoholic and ketonic metabolites. Further, differences were found between the DEHP metabolite profile between this adult population and that of six neonates exposed to high doses of DEHP through extensive medical treatment. In the neonates, MEHP represented 0.6% and MECPP 65.5% of the eight DEHP metabolites measured compared to 6.6% ( MEHP) and 31.8% ( MECPP) in the adults. Whether the observed differences reflect differences in route/duration of the exposure, age and/or health status of the individuals is presently unknown. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, A770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zca2@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 38 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1080/13547500500382868 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 011ON UT WOS:000235278000001 PM 16484133 ER PT J AU Marcus, LJ Dorn, BC Henderson, JM AF Marcus, LJ Dorn, BC Henderson, JM TI Meta-leadership and national emergency preparedness: A model to build government connectivity SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Effective emergency preparedness and response requires leadership that can accomplish perceptive coordination and communication amongst diverse agencies and sectors. Nevertheless, operating within their specified scope of authority, preparedness leaders in characteristic bureaucratic fashion often serve to bolster the profile and import of their own organization, thereby creating a silo effect that interferes with effective systemwide planning and response. This article describes a strategy to overcome traditional silo thinking: "meta-leadership," overarching leadership that intentionally connects the purposes and work of different organizations or organizational units. Thinking and operating beyond their immediate scope of authority, meta-leaders provide guidance, direction, and momentum across organizational lines that develop into a shared course of action and a commonality of purpose among people and agencies that are doing what may appear to be very different work. Meta-leaders are able to imaginatively and effectively leverage system assets, information, and capacities, a particularly critical function for organizations with emergency preparedness responsibilities that are constrained by ingrained bureaucratic patterns of behavior. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Natl Preparedness Leadership Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Program Hlth Care Negotiat & Conflict Resolut, Boston, MA 02115 USA. CDC, Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergency Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marcus, LJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Natl Preparedness Leadership Inst, 677 Huntington Ave Landmark Ctr,3rd Floor E, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ljmarcus@hsph.harvard.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2006 VL 4 IS 2 BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.1089/bsp.2006.4.128 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 057YK UT WOS:000238630900008 PM 16792480 ER PT J AU Rubinson, L Branson, RD Pesik, N Talmor, D AF Rubinson, L Branson, RD Pesik, N Talmor, D TI Positive-pressure ventilation equipment for mass casualty respiratory failure SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; DISTRESS-SYNDROME; NONINVASIVE VENTILATION; MECHANICAL VENTILATION; AIRWAY MANAGEMENT; TIDAL VOLUMES; EVACUATION; EPIDEMICS; OUTCOMES AB In the event of an influenza pandemic, patients with severe acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to influenza will require positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) in order to survive. In countries with widely available critical care services, PPV is delivered almost exclusively through use of full-feature mechanical ventilators in intensive care units (ICUs) or specialized hospital wards. But the supply of these ventilators is limited even during the normal course of hospital functioning. Purchasing and maintaining additional full-feature mechanical ventilators to be held in reserve and used only during mass casualty events is too expensive to allow the stockpiling of such equipment. Consequently, planning and preparedness efforts to respond to a severe influenza pandemic have stimulated consideration of limited-feature, less-expensive ventilation devices to augment traditional PPV capacity. This article offers guidance to authorities charged with preparing for mass casualty PPV in deciding which PPV equipment would be adequate for ventilating patients for days, weeks, or even months during a medical catastrophe. C1 Bend Mem Clin, Bend, OR 97701 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Preparedness & Response Team, Atlanta, GA USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Rubinson, L (reprint author), Bend Mem Clin, 1501 NE Med Ctr Dr, Bend, OR 97701 USA. EM lrubinson@gmail.com NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2006 VL 4 IS 2 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1089/bsp.2006.4.183 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 057YK UT WOS:000238630900014 PM 16792486 ER PT J AU Thompson, WW Gottesman, II Zalewski, C AF Thompson, William W. Gottesman, Irving I. Zalewski, Christine TI Reconciling disparate prevalence rates of PTSD in large samples of US male Vietnam veterans and their controls SO BMC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article AB Background: Two large independent studies funded by the US government have assessed the impact of the Vietnam War on the prevalence of PTSD in US veterans. The National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS) estimated the current PTSD prevalence to be 15.2% while the Vietnam Experience Study (VES) estimated the prevalence to be 2.2%. We compared alternative criteria for estimating the prevalence of PTSD using the NVVRS and VES public use data sets collected more than 10 years after the United States withdrew troops from Vietnam. Methods: We applied uniform diagnostic procedures to the male veterans from the NVVRS and VES to estimate PTSD prevalences based on varying criteria including one-month and lifetime prevalence estimates, combat and non-combat prevalence estimates, and prevalence estimates using both single and multiple indicator models. Results: Using a narrow and specific set of criteria, we derived current prevalence estimates for combat-related PTSD of 2.5% and 2.9% for the VES and the NVVRS, respectively. Using a more broad and sensitive set of criteria, we derived current prevalence estimates for combat-related PTSD of 12.2% and 15.8% for the VES and NVVRS, respectively. Conclusion: When comparable methods were applied to available data we reconciled disparate results and estimated similar current prevalences for both narrow and broad definitions of combat-related diagnoses of PTSD. C1 [Gottesman, Irving I.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychiat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Gottesman, Irving I.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Thompson, William W.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zalewski, Christine] Pacific Grad Sch Psychol, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Gottesman, II (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychiat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM wct2@cdc.gov; gotte003@umn.edu; cez@comcast.net RI G, I/D-8042-2011; Gottesman, Irving/B-9303-2011 NR 93 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-244X J9 BMC PSYCHIATRY JI BMC Psychiatry PY 2006 VL 6 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1471-244X-6-19 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA V17MY UT WOS:000207942500019 PM 16670009 ER PT J AU Voti, L Richardson, LC Reis, I Fleming, LE MacKinnon, J Coebergh, JWW AF Voti, L Richardson, LC Reis, I Fleming, LE MacKinnon, J Coebergh, JWW TI The effect of race/ethnicity and insurance in the administration of standard therapy for local breast cancer in Florida SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE health insurance; local breast cancer; patterns of care; treatment disparities ID CONSERVING SURGERY; RADIATION-THERAPY; LINKED MEDICARE; STAGE; WOMEN; CARCINOMA; CARE; UNDERUTILIZATION; COMPLETENESS; DISPARITIES AB Objectives. Assess the effect of race/ethnicity and insurance coverage on the receipt of standard treatment for local breast cancer. Methods. Local breast cancers diagnosed between July 1997 and December 2000 and reported to Florida's registry were linked to the Agency of Healthcare Administration inpatient and outpatient databases, resulting in 23,817 female local breast cancers with informative treatment. Standard treatment was defined as mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery followed by radiation therapy and it was modeled as a function of health insurance and race/ethnicity accounting for age at diagnosis, marital status and facility type. Results. Approximately 88% of the local breast cancers received standard treatment. The likelihood of standard treatment decreased by 3% per year of increase in the age at diagnosis. Compared to white non-Hispanic, black non-Hispanic women were 19% less likely to receive standard treatment (OR=0.81, 95%CI=0.68, 0.97) and Hispanics were 23% less likely (OR=0.77, 95%CI=0.66, 0.89). Local breast cancers diagnosed in non-teaching facilities were 21% more likely to receive standard treatment compared to those diagnosed in teaching facilities (OR=1.21; 95%CI=1.05, 1.38)). Compared to single, married women were 51% more likely to get standard treatment (OR=1.51, 95%CI=1.31, 1.66), followed by separated or divorced women that were 37% more likely (OR=1.37, 95%CI =1.13, 1.66). Compared to the privately insured, Medicare beneficiaries were 36% more likely to receive standard treatment (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.22, 1.51) whereas the uninsured were 24% less likely (OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.59, 0.96); Medicaid insured women were 29% less likely to receive standard treatment compared to the uninsured (OR=0.71, 95%CI=0.53, 0.96). Conclusion. Future efforts should target the elderly, Hispanic and black women, the uninsured, and those on Medicaid in order to reduce treatment disparities. C1 Univ Miami, FCDS, Sylvester Canc Syst, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Biostat, Sylvester Comprehens Canc Ctr, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Erasmus Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Eindhoven Canc Registry, Comprehens Canc Ctr S IKZ, Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Voti, L (reprint author), Univ Miami, FCDS, Sylvester Canc Syst, POB 016960 D4-11, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM lydia_voti@miami.edu NR 40 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 95 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s10549-005-9050-6 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 011ZC UT WOS:000235307000012 PM 16244785 ER PT S AU James, AA Benedict, MQ Christophides, GK Jacobs-Lorena, M Olson, KE AF James, AA Benedict, MQ Christophides, GK Jacobs-Lorena, M Olson, KE BE Knols, BGJ Louis, C TI Evaluation of drive mechanisms (including transgenes and drivers) in different environmental conditions and genetic backgrounds SO BRIDGING LABORATORY AND FIELD RESEARCH FOR GENETIC CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS SE WAGENINGEN UR FRONTIS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bridging Laboratory and Field Research for Genetic Control of Disease Vectors CY JUL, 2004 CL Nairobi, KENYA SP UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank, WHO, Special Programme Res & Training Tropical Dis, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, US Natl Inst Hlth, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Frontis DE genetic control; mosquitoes; gene drive; population replacement ID YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; GERM-LINE TRANSFORMATION; AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; IN-VITRO CULTIVATION; MALARIA VECTOR; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; SALIVARY-GLANDS; PLASMODIUM DEVELOPMENT; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; PUERTO-RICO AB Three major objectives, develop viable gene drive mechanisms, identify the epidemiologically significant vectors of pathogens in specific transmission zones, and introgress effector genes into specific populations, must be met in order to move to the field laboratory advances in genetic control strategies. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Agcy Lab Seibersdorf, IAEA, Entomol Unit, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. European Mol Biol Lab, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Johns Hopkins Sch Public Hlth, Malaria Res Inst, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol Pathol Arthopod Borne, Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM aajames@uci.edu; mqb0@cdc.gov; Giorgos.Christophides@embl-heidelberg.de; mlorena@jhsph.edu; kolson@colostate.edu NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-4544 BN 1-4020-3799-6 J9 WAG UR FRON JI Wagening. UR WAGENINGEN Frontis Ser. PY 2006 VL 11 BP 149 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-3799-6_13 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Parasitology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Parasitology GA BDZ79 UT WOS:000236353200011 ER PT J AU de Alwis, GKH Wijesekera, RD Jayasekera, TADNAK AF de Alwis, GKH Wijesekera, RD Jayasekera, TADNAK TI Use patterns and residue levels of pesticides on Mukunuwenna, a leafy vegetable grown in Sri Lanka SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Colombo, Dept Chem, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka. RP de Alwis, GKH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 76 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s00128-005-0897-3 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 998TZ UT WOS:000234344100016 PM 16404669 ER PT J AU Chiller, TM Mendoza, CE Lopez, MB Alvarez, M Hoekstra, RM Keswick, BH Luby, SP AF Chiller, TM Mendoza, CE Lopez, MB Alvarez, M Hoekstra, RM Keswick, BH Luby, SP TI Reducing diarrhoea in Guatemalan children: randomized controlled trial of flocculant-disinfectant for drinking-water SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE diarrhea/epidemiology/prevention and control; potable water/microbiology; disinfectants; water purification/methods; child; randomized controlled trials; longitudinal studies; Guatemala (source : MeSH, NLM ID SAFE STORAGE; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; STRATEGY; DISEASE; BOLIVIA AB Objective To examine the effect of anew point-of-use treatment for drinking-water, a commercially developed flocculant-disinfectant, on the prevalence of diarrhoea in children. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial among 514 rural Guatemalan households, divided into 42 neighbourhood clusters, for 13 weeks, from 4 November 2002 through 31 January 2003. Clusters assigned to water treatment with the flocculant-disinfectant were compared with those using their usual water-handling practices. The longitudinal prevalence of diarrhoea was calculated as the proportion of total days with diarrhoea divided by the total number of days of observation. The prevalence of diarrhoea was compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Findings The 1702 people in households receiving the disinfectant had a prevalence of diarrhoea that was 40% lower than that among the 1699 people using standard water-handling practices (0.9% versus 1.5%; P = 0.001). In households using the flocculant-disinfectant, children < 1 year of age had a 39% lower prevalence of diarrhoea than those in households using their standard practices (3.7% versus 6.0%; P = 0.005). Conclusion In settings where families rarely treat drinking-water, we introduced a novel flocculant-disinfectant that reduced the longitudinal prevalence of diarrhoea, especially among children aged < 1 year, among whom diarrhoea has been strongly associated with mortality. Successful introduction and use of this product could contribute to preventing diarrhoeal disease globally. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Med Entomol Res & Training Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Chiller, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tnc3@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 9 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 000CL UT WOS:000234438400009 PM 16501712 ER PT J AU Voti, L Richardson, LC Reis, IM Fleming, LE MacKinnon, J Coebergh, JWW AF Voti, L Richardson, LC Reis, IM Fleming, LE MacKinnon, J Coebergh, JWW TI Treatment of local breast carcinoma in Florida - The role of the distance to radiation therapy facilities SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE local breast carcinoma; patterns of care; health insurance; geographic access to care; treatment disparities; race-ethnicity ID BLACK-AND-WHITE; CONSERVING SURGERY; CANCER CARE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; TRAVEL DISTANCE; STAGE; WOMEN; SURVIVAL; MASTECTOMY AB BACKGROUND. Breast-conserving surgery combined with radiation (BCSR) is the recommended alternative treatment to mastectomy for local breast carcinoma. However, limited access to heallhcare may result in more extensive surgical treatment. The effect of distance to radiation therapy facilities on the likelihood of receiving BCSR was examined in Florida. METHODS. Local breast carcinomas reported to Florida's statewide registry between July, 1997, and December, 2000 were linked to the Agency of Healthcare Administration inpatient and outpatient databases to Supplement the registry's treatment data, resulting in 18,903 local breast carcinoma cases treated with BCSR or mastectomy. The odds of receiving BCSR were modeled as a function of distance to the closest radiation therapy facility, adjusting for health insurance, age, race/ ethnicity, and marital status. RESULTS. Distance to the closest radiation therapy facility was negatively associated with BCSR, with the odds ratio (OR) decreasing by 3% per 5-mile increase ill distance. Compared with the uninsured, privately insured women were 49% more likely to receive BCSR (OR of 1.49; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.20-1.86) and Medicare patients were 37% more likely (OR of 1.37; 95% CI, 1.09-1.72). Age at diagnosis was negatively associated, reducing the odds of BCSR by 1% per year increase in age. Compared with white non-Hispanic, Hispanic women were 38% less likely to receive BCSR (OR of 0.62; 95% CI, 0.55-0.71). Married women were 23% more likely to receive BCSR compared with singles (OR of 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.40); women who were separated, divorced, or widowed did not differ significantly from single women. CONCLUSIONS. Distance to radiation therapy facilities may negatively impact the likelihood of BCSR in Florida. Age at diagnosis, insurance type, race/ethnicity, and marital status were associated with BCSR. Future efforts should target the uninsured, Hispanics, the elderly, and the unmarried women to reduce disparities in the administration of BCSR for local breast carcinoma. C1 Univ Miami, Sylvester Comprehens Canc Ctr, Florida Canc Data Syst, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Miami, FL USA. Univ Miami, Sylvester Comprenens Canc Ctr, Div Biostat, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Eindhoven Canc Registry, Comprehens Canc Ctr S, IKZ, Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Voti, L (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sylvester Comprehens Canc Ctr, Florida Canc Data Syst, POB 016960,04-11, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM lydia_voti@miami.edu NR 46 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 106 IS 1 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1002/cncr.21557 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 998ZK UT WOS:000234358200026 PM 16311987 ER PT J AU Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ AF Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ TI Expanded publishing model for genetic association studies SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Letter ID PUBLICATION; ENVIRONMENT; GENOME C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gwinn, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 185 EP 185 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0920 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 005ZZ UT WOS:000234866200037 PM 16434612 ER PT S AU Demma, LJ Holman, RC McQuiston, JH Krebs, JW Swerdlow, DL AF Demma, Linda J. Holman, R. C. McQuiston, J. H. Krebs, J. W. Swerdlow, D. L. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Human monocytic ehrlichiosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis in the United States, 2001-2002 SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE ehrlichiosis; anaplasmosis; human monocytic ehrlichiosis; human granulocytic anaplasmosis; tick-borne diseases AB The epidemiologic features are described of cases of human monocytic ehrilchiosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Demma, LJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Zootonic Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Enter & Mycot Dis, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ldemma@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 118 EP 119 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.017 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400016 PM 17114690 ER PT S AU Chapman, AS Murphy, SM Demma, LJ Holman, RC Curns, AT McQuiston, JH Krebs, JW Swerdlow, DL AF Chapman, Alice S. Murphy, Staci M. Demma, Linda J. Holman, Robert C. Curns, Aaron T. McQuiston, Jennifer H. Krebs, John W. Swerdlow, David L. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Rocky mountain spotted fever in the United States, 1997-2002 SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Rocky Mountain spotted fever; surveillance; epidemiology AB The increased incidence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in 1997-2002 compared with previous years may be related to enhanced awareness and reporting of RMSF as well as changes in human-vector interaction. However, reports on RMSF mortality underscore the need for physician vigilance in considering a diagnosis of RMSF for febrile individuals potentially exposed to ticks and stress the importance of treating such persons regardless of the presence of a rash. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Chapman, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM achapman@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 154 EP 155 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.026 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400024 PM 17114698 ER PT S AU Rozental, T Eremeeva, ME Paddock, CD Zaki, SR Dasch, GA Lemos, ERS AF Rozental, Tatiana Eremeeva, Marina E. Paddock, Christopher D. Zaki, Sherif R. Dasch, Gregory A. Lemos, Elba R. S. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Fatal case of Brazilian spotted fever confirmed by immunohistochemical staining and sequencing methods on fixed tissues SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Brazilian spotted fever; immunohistochemical technique; PCR; sequence ID RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII; DISEASE AB The authors describe the first characterization of Rickettsia rickettsii in a fatal case occurring in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. C1 Fiocruz MS, Lab Hantaviroses & Rickettsioses, Depto Virol, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rozental, T (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Lab Hantaviroses & Rickettsioses, Depto Virol, Pav Rocha Lima 5 Andar,Adv Brasil 4365, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM rozental@ioc.fiocruz.br RI Rozental, Tatiana/B-6270-2014; OI Rozental, Tatiana/0000-0002-8360-8876; Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 257 EP 259 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.046 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400044 PM 17114718 ER PT S AU Eremeeva, ME Oliveira, A Robinson, JB Ribakova, N Tokarevich, NK Dasch, GA AF Eremeeva, Marina E. Oliveira, Alice Robinson, Jennilee B. Ribakova, Nina Tokarevich, Nikolay K. Dasch, Gregory A. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Prevalence of bacterial agents in Ixodes persulcatus ticks from the Vologda Province of Russia SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Ixodes persulcatus; Ehrlichia muris; Candidatus Rickettsia taraseyichiae; Anaplasma; Borrelia burgdoreri; Vologda; coinfection ID BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; EHRLICHIA; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; SIBERIA; REGION AB The prevalence of rickettsiae, ehrlichiae, and the rickettsia-like endosymbiont called Montezuma relative to that of Borrelia was determined in questing Ixodes persulcatus (L persulcatus) ticks collected in 2002-2003 from Vologda Province, Russia. Ehrlichia muris,Anaplasma phagocytophilium, Montezuma, and new spotted fever group rickettsiae were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the first time in this area. The rickettsiae were all Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae, the furthest west this organism has been detected. After Borrelia, Montezuma was the agent most frequently detected; it may be present throughout the distribution of L persulcatus in Russia. Ehrlichiae and rickettsiae frequently share the same tick host with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato so cotransmission and mixed infections in vertebrate hosts, including humans, may occur. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Epidemiol Surveillance, Vologda, Russia. Pasteur Inst Epidemiol & Microbiol, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MEremeeva@cdc.gov RI Tokarevich, Nikolay/H-1877-2012; OI Tokarevich, Nikolay/0000-0001-6433-3486; Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.054 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400050 PM 17114724 ER PT S AU Nicholson, WL Paddock, CD Demma, L Traeger, M Johnson, B Dickson, J McQuiston, J Swerdlow, D AF Nicholson, William L. Paddock, Christopher D. Demma, Linda Traeger, Marc Johnson, Brian Dickson, Jeffrey McQuiston, Jennifer Swerdlow, David BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Rocky mountain spotted in fever in Arizona: Documentation of heavy environmental infestations of Rhipicephalus sanguineus at an endemic site SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Acari; Ixodidae; Rickettsia rickettsii; RMSF; tick survey AB A recent epidemiologic investigation identified 16 cases and 2 deaths from Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in two eastern Arizona communities. Prevalence studies were conducted by collecting free-living ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from the home sites of RMSF patients and from other home sites within the community. Dry ice traps and flagging confirmed heavy infestations at many of the home sites. Only Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were identified and all developmental stages were detected. It is evident that under certain circumstances, this species does transmit Rickettsia rickettsii to humans and deserves reconsideration as a vector in other geographic areas. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Whiteriver, AZ 85941 USA. RP Nicholson, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mail Stop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wan6@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 338 EP 341 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.065 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400061 PM 17114735 ER PT S AU Demma, LJ Eremeeva, M Nicholson, WL Traeger, M Blau, D Paddock, C Levin, M Dasch, G Cheek, J Swerdlow, D McQuiston, J AF Demma, Linda J. Eremeeva, M. Nicholson, W. L. Traeger, M. Blau, D. Paddock, C. Levin, M. Dasch, G. Cheek, J. Swerdlow, D. McQuiston, J. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI An outbreak of rocky mountain spotted fever associated with a novel tick vector, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, in Arizona, 2004 - Preliminary report SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE RMSF; epidemiology; tick; Rickettsia rickettsii AB This study describes preliminary results of an investigation of RMSF in Arizona associated with the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. High numbers of dogs and heavy infestations of ticks created a situation leading to human disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indiana Hlth Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Whiteriver, AZ USA. RP Nicholson, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mail Stop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wan6@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 342 EP 343 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.066 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400062 PM 17114736 ER PT S AU Loftis, AD Reeves, WK Szumlas, DE Abbassy, MM Helmy, IM Moriarity, JR Dasch, GA AF Loftis, Amanda D. Reeves, Will K. Szumlas, Daniel E. Abbassy, Magda M. Helmy, Ibrahim M. Moriarity, John R. Dasch, Gregory A. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Population survey of Egyptian arthropods for rickettsial agents SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Rickettsia; Bartonella; Coxiella; Siphonaptera; Acari; Ixodidae; Argasidae ID PREVALENCE AB Between June 2002 and July 2003, 987 fleas, representing four species, and 1019 ticks, representing one argasid and eight ixodid species, were collected from Egyptian animals. These arthropods were tested for rickettsial agents using polymerase chain reaction. DNAs from Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp. were detected in 13 ticks. Previously undescribed Bartonella spp. were detected in 21 fleas. Coxiella burnetii was detected in two fleas and 20 ticks. Rickettsia typhi was detected in 27 fleas from 10 cities. Spotted fever group rickettsiae were detected in both fleas and ticks and included Rickettsia aeschlimanii and an unnamed Rickettsia sp. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aol2@cdc.gov OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 4 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 364 EP 367 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.072 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400068 PM 17114742 ER PT S AU Massung, RF Levin, ML Miller, NJ Mather, TN AF Massung, Robert F. Levin, Michael L. Miller, Nathan J. Mather, Thomas N. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Reservoir competency of goats for Anaplasma phagocytophilum SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Ixodes scapularis; Ap-Variant 1; human granulocytic anaplasmosis AB The susceptibility of goats to infection by Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum) strains Ap-Variant 1 and Ap-ha was assessed by infestation of goats with field-collected Ixodes scapularis (I. scapularis) ticks. Both strains were infectious in the goat model. These results demonstrate that goats can be used in a laboratory setting to propagate A. phagocytophilum. Transmission from an infected goat to a naive goat by I. scapularis tick feeding was used to demonstrate that goats are reservoir-competent for the Ap-Variant 1 strain. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfm2@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 476 EP 478 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.088 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400083 PM 17114757 ER PT S AU Nicholson, WL Gordon, R Demma, LJ AF Nicholson, William L. Gordon, Rondeen Demma, Linda J. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Spotted fever group rickettsial infection in dogs from eastern Arizona - How long has it been there? SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Rickettsia rickettvii; Rickettsia rhipicephalus; spotted fever group rickettsiae; canine serosurvey AB A serosurvey of free-roaming dogs for antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsiae was conducted using archival samples that had been collected in the White Mountain region of eastern Arizona during a plague study in 1996. Immunoglobulin G antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii (5.1%) and to R. rhipicephali (3.6%) were demonstrated, and no cross-reactive samples were identified. This study indicates that R. rickettsii was likely present in the dog populations in this area prior to the recognition of human cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). The role of dogs as short-term reservoirs and primary hosts for the vector tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, should receive closer attention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, DIs Assessment & Epidemiol Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nicholson, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, DIs Assessment & Epidemiol Team, Mail Stop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wan6@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 519 EP 522 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.102 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400095 PM 17114769 ER PT S AU Massung, RF Levin, ML Munderloh, UG Silverman, DJ Lynch, MJ Kurtti, TJ AF Massung, Robert F. Levin, Michael L. Munderloh, Ulrike G. Silverman, David J. Lynch, Meghan J. Kurtti, Timothy J. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Isolation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum strain Ap-Variant 1 in a tick-derived cell line SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Ixodes scapularis; Ap-Variant 1; human granulocytic anaplasmosis ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; CULTURE; AGENT; ASSAY AB Ten isolates of the Ap-Variant 1 strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum were made in the Ixodes scapularis (I. scapularis)-derived cell line, ISE6. Two isolates were obtained from laboratory-infected goats and eight isolates were obtained from field-collected L scapularis ticks. Each isolate showed 16S rRNA sequences identical to those as previously described for the Ap-Variant 1 strain. These are the first tissue culture isolates of the Ap-Variant 1 strain and will allow for further characterization of the biological and antigenic properties of this strain. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfm2@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 541 EP 544 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.105 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400098 PM 17114772 ER PT S AU Eremeeva, ME Bosserman, E Zambrano, M Demma, L Dasch, GA AF Eremeeva, Marina E. Bosserman, Elizabeth Zambrano, Maria Demma, Linda Dasch, Gregory A. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Molecular typing of novel Rickettsia rickettsii isolates from Arizona SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Rickettsia rickettsii; VNTR; molecular marker ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER AB Seven isolates of Rickettsia rickettsii were obtained from a skin biopsy, two whole-blood specimens, and from Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from eastern Arizona. Molecular typing of seven isolates of R. rickettsii and DNA samples from two other Rh. sanguineus ticks infected with R. rickettsii was conducted by PCR and DNA sequencing of rompA and 12 variable-number tandem repeat regions (VNTRs). All DNA specimens from Arizona were identical to each other and to reference human and Dermacentor andersoni isolates of R. rickettsii from Montana in their rOmpA gene sequences and 10 VNTRs. Two of the twelve VNTRs had differences in the number of repeat sequences in isolates from Arizona compared to those from Montana, thus conferring the novelty of the Rh. sanguines-associated R. rickettsii. C1 CDC, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), Mail Stop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MEremeeva@cdc.gov OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 4 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 573 EP 577 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.114 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400107 PM 17114781 ER PT J AU Scholl, PF McCoy, L Kensler, TW Groopman, JD AF Scholl, PF McCoy, L Kensler, TW Groopman, JD TI Quantitative analysis and chronic dosimetry of the aflatoxin B-1 plasma albumin adduct Lys-AFB(1) in rats by isotope dilution mass spectrometry SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALDO-KETO REDUCTASE; REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; HUMAN-LIVER; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; ALDEHYDE REDUCTASE; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; HUMAN EXPOSURE; CARCINOGENESIS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION AB Aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of liver cancer in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Biomarkers reflecting exposure will facilitate disease risk assessment and the efficacy of protective interventions in these populations. The Lys-AFB(1) adduct in plasma albumin is a candidate biomarker for this role. Although aflatoxin albumin adducts are most frequently measured in epidemiological studies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a more specific and 10-fold more sensitive isotopic dilution mass spectrometric assay for Lys-AFB(1) has recently become available. Here, the dosimetry of chronically administered AFB(1) at lower doses than have been previously studied was explored using this assay. AFB(1) was administered to rats for nine consecutive days at eight dose levels ranging from 50 pg to 55 mu g/kg body wt. Plasma samples were enzymatically digested and processed by solid phase extraction. Lys-AFB(1) was isolated by HPLC and detected via selected reaction monitoring. The dose-response relationship was linear-quadratic exhibiting upward curvature at higher doses. The adduct yield [(pg Lys-AFB(1)/mg albumin)/(mu g AFB(1)/kg body wt)] increased nonlinearly with the dose by 6-fold between the 0.05 and 55 mu g AFB(1)/kg body wt groups and exhibited the onset of saturation in the highest dose group where the adduct yield was approximately 2%. Incomplete knowledge of the timing of exposure and the complexity of the underlying biology confound the precise determination of prior AFB(1) exposures in humans; however, the dosimetry of AFB(1) observed in chronically dosed rats conceptually suggests that measurements in humans may underestimate exposure if a constant fraction of the AFB(1) dose, approximately 2%, is assumed to be converted to Lys-AFB(1) without regard to the dose. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Scholl, PF (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM pscholl@jhsph.edu RI Kensler, Thomas/D-8686-2014; OI Kensler, Thomas/0000-0002-6676-261X; Scholl, Peter/0000-0002-8870-3266 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA39416]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES06052, P30 ES03819] NR 41 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1021/tx050251r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 005LB UT WOS:000234822600006 PM 16411655 ER PT J AU Mothershed, EA Whitney, AM AF Mothershed, EA Whitney, AM TI Nucleic acid-based methods for the detection of bacterial pathogens: Present and future considerations for the clinical laboratory SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE molecular diagnostics; clinical laboratory; PCR; real-time PCR; bacterial pathogens; NATs ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; REAL-TIME PCR; STRAND DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCE-BASED AMPLIFICATION; TUBERCULOSIS DIRECT TEST; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; POSITIVE BLOOD CULTURES; TOF MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Background: Recent advances in nucleic acid-based methods to detect bacteria offer increased sensitivity and specificity over traditional microbiological techniques. The potential benefit of nucleic acid-based testing to the clinical laboratory is reduced time to diagnosis, high throughput, and accurate and reliable results. Methods: Several PCR and hybridization tests are commercially available for specific organism detection. Furthermore, hundreds of nucleic acid-based bacterial detection tests have been published in the literature and could be adapted for use in the clinical setting. Contamination potential, lack of standardization or validation for some assays, complex interpretation of results, and increased cost are possible limitations of these tests, however, and must be carefully considered before implementing them in the clinical laboratory. Conclusions: A major area of advancement in nucleic acid-based assay development has been for specific and broad-range detection of bacterial pathogens. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mothershed, EA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ekm9@cdc.gov NR 147 TC 99 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD JAN PY 2006 VL 363 IS 1-2 BP 206 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.cccn.2005.05.050 PG 15 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 001LW UT WOS:000234535600019 PM 16139259 ER PT J AU Priest, JW Bern, C Xiao, LH Roberts, JM Kwon, JP Lescano, AG Checkley, W Cabrera, L Moss, DM Arrowood, MJ Sterling, CR Gilman, RH Lammie, PJ AF Priest, JW Bern, C Xiao, LH Roberts, JM Kwon, JP Lescano, AG Checkley, W Cabrera, L Moss, DM Arrowood, MJ Sterling, CR Gilman, RH Lammie, PJ TI Longitudinal analysis of Cryptosporidium species-specific immunoglobulin G antibody responses in Peruvian children SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY DETECTION; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; PARVUM; INFECTION; COMMUNITIES; ANTIGENS; CLONING; WATER; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOPROTEINS AB Cryptosporidium species are ubiquitous in the environment and are frequently detected in the stools of children who live where sanitation conditions are poor. To better characterize the immune response to these parasites, we monitored immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels in a cohort of children from Lima, Peru. Two new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on the C parvum (bovine, subtype Ha) Iowa strain 17-kDa and 27-kDa antigens were used to measure IgG antibody levels in longitudinal serum samples. Antibody responses were detected during infections with C parvum, C felis, and C meleagridis and with four different subtypes of C hominis. We also noted that the magnitude of the antibody response was related to the number of previous infections and that older children generally had higher levels of antibodies to the two C parvum antigens. Antibody responses were not associated with infections with either Cyclospora sp. or Giardia sp. We believe the antibody assays will be important tools for monitoring the success of future public health interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hyg, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Asociac Benefica Proyectos Informat Salud Med & A, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Priest, JW (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jpriest@cdc.gov RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X; Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1P01-AI51976, U01 AI035894, UA01-AI035894, P01 AI051976] NR 47 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1128/CVI.13.1.123-131.2006 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 012VP UT WOS:000235369300015 PM 16426009 ER PT J AU Myers, GL Miller, WG Coresh, J Fleming, J Greenberg, N Greene, T Hostetter, T Levey, AS Panteghini, M Welch, M Eckfeldt, JH AF Myers, GL Miller, WG Coresh, J Fleming, J Greenberg, N Greene, T Hostetter, T Levey, AS Panteghini, M Welch, M Eckfeldt, JH CA Natl Kidney Dis Educ Program Lab W TI Recommendations for improving serum creatinine measurement: A report from the laboratory working group of the National Kidney Disease Education Program SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; PERFORMANCE-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXTERNAL QUALITY-ASSESSMENT; KINETIC JAFFE METHOD; DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CANDIDATE REFERENCE METHOD; BILIRUBIN INTERFERENCE; CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY; PLASMA CREATININE; RENAL-DISEASE AB Background: Reliable serum creatinine measurements in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation are critical to ongoing global public health efforts to increase the diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We present an overview of the commonly used methods for the determination of serum creatinine, method limitations, and method performance in conjunction with the development of analytical performance criteria. Available resources for standardization of serum creatinine measurement are discussed, and recommendations for measurement improvement are given. Methods: The National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP) Laboratory Working Group reviewed problems related to serum creatinine measurement for estimating GFR and prepared recommendations to standardize and improve creatinine measurement. Results: The NKDEP Laboratory Working Group, in collaboration with international professional organizations, has developed a plan that enables standardization and improved accuracy (trueness) of serum creatinine measurements in clinical laboratories worldwide that includes the use of the estimating equation for GFR based on serum creatinine concentration that was developed from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study. Conclusions: The current variability in serum creatinine measurements renders all estimating equations for GFR, including the MDRD Study equation, less accurate in the normal and slightly increased range of serum creatinine concentrations [< 133 mu mol/L (1.5 mg/dL)], which is the relevant range for detecting CKD [< 60 mL (.) min(-1) (.) (1.73 m(2))(-1)]. Many automated routine methods for serum creatinine measurement meet or exceed the required precision; therefore, reduction of analytical bias in creatinine assays is needed. Standardization of calibration does not correct for analytical interferences (nonspecificity bias). The bias and nonspecificity problems associated with some of the routine methods must be addressed. (c) 2006 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Lab Corp Amer, Dept Sci & Technol, Elon College, NC USA. Ortho Clin Diagnost, Rochester, NY USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Quantitat Hlth Sci, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. NIDDKD, Natl Kidney Dis Educ Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA USA. Univ Milan, Dept Clin Sci Luigi Sacco, Milan, Italy. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Myers, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GMyers@cdc.gov NR 136 TC 595 Z9 638 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 5 EP 18 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2005.052514 PG 14 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 998SE UT WOS:000234338800003 PM 16332993 ER PT J AU Gottlieb, SL Newbern, EC Griffin, PM Graves, LM Hoekstra, RM Baker, NL Hunter, SB Holt, KG Ramsey, F Head, M Levine, P Johnson, G Schoonmaker-Bopp, D Reddy, V Kornstein, L Gerwel, M Nsubuga, J Edwards, L Stonecipher, S Hurd, S Austin, D Jefferson, MA Young, SD Hise, K Chernak, ED Sobel, J AF Gottlieb, SL Newbern, EC Griffin, PM Graves, LM Hoekstra, RM Baker, NL Hunter, SB Holt, KG Ramsey, F Head, M Levine, P Johnson, G Schoonmaker-Bopp, D Reddy, V Kornstein, L Gerwel, M Nsubuga, J Edwards, L Stonecipher, S Hurd, S Austin, D Jefferson, MA Young, SD Hise, K Chernak, ED Sobel, J CA Listeriosis Outbreak Working Grp TI Multistate outbreak of listeriosis linked to Turkey deli meat and subsequent changes in US regulatory policy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MONOCYTOGENES; INFECTION; PRODUCTS; GASTROENTERITIS; PASTEURIZATION; PULSENET; MILK AB Background. Listeriosis, a life-threatening foodborne illness caused by Listeria monocytogenes, affects similar to 2500 Americans annually. Between July and October 2002, an uncommon strain of L. monocytogenes caused an outbreak of listeriosis in 9 states. Methods. We conducted case finding, a case-control study, and traceback and microbiological investigations to determine the extent and source of the outbreak and to propose control measures. Case patients were infected with the outbreak strain of L. monocytogenes between July and November 2002 in 9 states, and control patients were infected with different L. monocytogenes strains. Outcome measures included food exposure associated with outbreak strain infection and source of the implicated food. Results. Fifty-four case patients were identified; 8 died, and 3 pregnant women had fetal deaths. The case-control study included 38 case patients and 53 control patients. Case patients consumed turkey deli meat much more frequently than did control patients (P=.008 by Wilcoxon rank-sum test). In the 4 weeks before illness, 55% of case patients had eaten deli turkey breast more than 1-2 times, compared with 28% of control patients ( odds ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-17.1). Investigation of turkey deli meat eaten by case patients led to several turkey processing plants. The outbreak strain was found in the environment of 1 processing plant and in turkey products from a second. Together, the processing plants recalled 130 million pounds of products. Following the outbreak, the US Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service issued new regulations outlining a L. monocytogenes control and testing program for ready-to-eat meat and poultry processing plants. Conclusions. Turkey deli meat was the source of a large multistate outbreak of listeriosis. Investigation of this outbreak helped guide policy changes designed to prevent future L. monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat meat and poultry products. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Delaware Hlth & Social Serv, Dover, DE USA. RP Gottlieb, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM stg8@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 102 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 17 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1086/498113 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 989UH UT WOS:000233698900011 PM 16323088 ER PT J AU Premaratna, R Chandrasena, TGAN Dassayake, AS Loftis, AD Dasch, GA de Silva, HJ AF Premaratna, R Chandrasena, TGAN Dassayake, AS Loftis, AD Dasch, GA de Silva, HJ TI Acute hearing loss due to scrub typhus: A forgotten complication of a reemerging disease SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB We describe 6 patients with scrub typhus who presented with acute hearing loss, a forgotten complication of this reemerging disease. They were admitted with fever of 10-14 days' duration and had clinical evidence of deafness and pneumonitis. Five patients had eschars, which prompted the diagnosis of typhus fever and led to early institution of treatment. Deafness has been described as a clue to the diagnosis of scrub typhus; awareness of this symptom facilitated early diagnosis in 4 of 5 patients who recovered. Acute hearing loss or hearing impairment in a febrile patient should arouse strong suspicion of scrub typhus. C1 Univ Kelaniya, Fac Med, Dept Med, Ragama, Sri Lanka. Univ Kelaniya, Fac Med, Dept Parasitol, Ragama, Sri Lanka. Univ Kelaniya, Fac Med, Dept Pharmacol, Ragama, Sri Lanka. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Premaratna, R (reprint author), Univ Kelaniya, Fac Med, Dept Med, POB 6,Thalagolla Rd, Ragama, Sri Lanka. EM ranjan_premaratna@lycos.com NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 989UH UT WOS:000233698900039 ER PT J AU Nainan, OV Xia, GL Vaughan, G Margolis, HS AF Nainan, OV Xia, GL Vaughan, G Margolis, HS TI Diagnosis of hepatitis A virus infection: a molecular approach SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK; SEQUENCE-BASED AMPLIFICATION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; REAL-TIME PCR AB Current serologic tests provide the foundation for diagnosis of hepatitis A and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. Recent advances in methods to identify and characterize nucleic acid markers of viral infections have provided the foundation for the field of molecular epidemiology and increased our knowledge of the molecular biology and epidemiology of 114 V Although 114 V is primarily shed in feces, there is a strong viremic phase during infection which has allowed easy access to virus isolates and the use of molecular markers to determine their genetic relatedness. Molecular epidemiologic studies have provided new information on the types and extent of HAV infection and transmission in the United States. In addition, these new diagnostic methods have provided tools for the rapid detection of food-borne HA V transmission and identification of the potential source of the food contamination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Diagnosis & Epidemiol Ref, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. Int Vaccine Inst, Pediat Dengue Vaccine Initiat, Seoul, South Korea. RP Xia, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ovn1@cdc.gov NR 266 TC 121 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 1 BP 63 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.19.1.63-79.2006 PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 005KY UT WOS:000234822300004 PM 16418523 ER PT J AU Joskow, R Belson, M Vesper, H Backer, L Rubin, C AF Joskow, R Belson, M Vesper, H Backer, L Rubin, C TI Ackee fruit poisoning: An outbreak investigation in Haiti 2000-2001, and review of the literature SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ackee fruit; poisoning; hypoglycin; toxicity; metabolism ID JAMAICAN VOMITING SICKNESS; ACYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYPOGLYCIN-A; BLIGHIA-SAPIDA; DICARBOXYLIC ACIDURIA; FATAL ENCEPHALOPATHY; METHYLENE-BLUE; CARNITINE; CHILDREN AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provided technical assistance to the Ministry of Health of Haiti during an outbreak of over 100 cases of acute illness and death in the northern region of Haiti during a 4-month period beginning in November 2000. The epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings in this investigation indicated the ingestion of unripe ackee fruit as the most likely cause of this outbreak. This report describes the CDC field investigation in Haiti and gives a brief overview of the current state of knowledge about ackee poisoning. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, CDC, EHHE HSB, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Belson, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, CDC, EHHE HSB, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS F-46, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM zqp2@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1080/15563650600584410 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 047MR UT WOS:000237883900008 PM 16749544 ER PT J AU Chang, AS Montesano, MA Barr, DB Thomas, JD Geller, R AF Chang, A. S. Montesano, M. A. Barr, D. B. Thomas, J. D. Geller, R. TI Urine kinetics of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos after acute ingestion SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia Poison Control Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 MA 16 BP 632 EP 632 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 072RJ UT WOS:000239690400021 ER PT J AU Kazzi, ZN Berzen, AK Geller, RJ Kilbourne, EM AF Kazzi, Z. N. Berzen, A. K. Geller, R. J. Kilbourne, E. M. TI Antidote geomapping: A novel approach to an old topic SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 MA 59 BP 652 EP 653 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 072RJ UT WOS:000239690400064 ER PT J AU Algren, DA Schwartz, MD Schier, JG AF Algren, D. A. Schwartz, M. D. Schier, J. G. TI Acute neurologic toxicity associated with inhalational exposure to methyl iodide and iodine-131 SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia Poison Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Schier, Joshua/F-9861-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 MA 201 BP 722 EP 723 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 072RJ UT WOS:000239690400206 ER PT J AU Thomas, JD Johnson, RC Anderson, IB Howard, DJ Osterloh, JD Barr, JR AF Thomas, J. D. Johnson, R. C. Anderson, I. B. Howard, D. J. Osterloh, J. D. Barr, J. R. TI Intentional castor bean ingestion with serial ricinine levels SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CA Poison Control Syst, San Francisco Div, San Francisco, CA USA. Santa Barbara Cottage Hosp, Santa Barbara, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 MA 227 BP 734 EP 735 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 072RJ UT WOS:000239690400232 ER PT J AU Belson, MG Strosnider, H Thomas, K Thomas, J Patel, M AF Belson, M. G. Strosnider, H. Thomas, K. Thomas, J. Patel, M. TI Pediatric poisoning deaths reported to US poison control centers, 1994-2005 SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. GA Poison Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 MA 324 BP 780 EP 781 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 072RJ UT WOS:000239690400329 ER PT J AU Graves, P Gelband, H AF Graves, P Gelband, H TI Vaccines for preventing malaria (SPf66) SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; GAMBIAN INFANTS; EFFICACY TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; TANZANIAN CHILDREN; SYNTHETIC VACCINE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PILOT SAFETY; FIELD TRIAL AB Background A malaria vaccine is badly needed. SPf66 was one of the earliest vaccines developed. It is a synthetic peptide vaccine containing antigens from the blood stages of malaria linked together with an antigen from the sporozoite stage, and is targeted mainly against the blood (asexual) stages. Objectives To assess the effect of SPf66 malaria vaccines against Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale in preventing infection, disease, and death. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register (September 2005), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2005, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1966 to September 2005), EMBASE (1980 to September 2005), LILACS (1982 to September 2005), Science Citation Index (1981 to September 2005), and reference lists of articles. We also contacted organizations and researchers in the field. Selection criteria Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing SPf66 vaccine with placebo or routine antimalarial control measures in people of any age receiving an artificial challenge or natural exposure to malaria infection (any species). Data collection and analysis Two people independently assessed trial quality and extracted data, including adverse events. Results were expressed as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Main results Ten efficacy trials of SPf66 involving 9698 participants were included. Results with SPf66 in reducing new episodes of P. falciparum malaria were heterogeneous: it was not effective in four African trials (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.07; 2371 participants) or in one Asian trial (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.25; 1221 participants). In four trials in South America the number of first attacks with P. falciparum was reduced by 28% (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.82; 3807 participants). It did not reduce episodes of P. vivax malaria or admission to hospital with severe malaria. Trials have not indicated any serious adverse events with SPf66 vaccine. Authors' conclusions There is no evidence for protection by SPf66 vaccines against P. falciparum in Africa. There is a modest reduction in attacks of P. falciparum malaria following vaccination with SPf66 in South America. There is no justification for further trials of SPf66 in its current formulation. Further research with SPf66 vaccines in South America or with new formulations of SPf66 may be justified. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. RP Graves, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F42,Bldg 102,Room 2113,4770 Burford High, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. EM pgraves@cdc.gov RI Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014 OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1469-493X J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2006 IS 2 AR CD005966 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD005966 PG 28 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 034MC UT WOS:000236932100070 ER PT J AU Pena-Rosas, JP Viteri, FE AF Pena-Rosas, J. P. Viteri, F. E. TI Effects of routine oral iron supplementation with or without folic acid for women during pregnancy SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION; MATERNAL HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SERUM FERRITIN; STATUS MARKERS; PRETERM DELIVERY; FOLATE STATUS; DOUBLE-BLIND; PRENATAL SUPPLEMENTS AB Background It has been suggested that routine intake of supplements containing iron or combination of iron and folic acid during pregnancy improves maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. Objectives To assess the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of routine antenatal daily or intermittent iron supplementation with or without folic acid during pregnancy on the health of mothers and newborns. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (June 2005). Additionally, we contacted relevant organizations for the identification of ongoing and unpublished studies. Selection criteria All randomised or quasi-randomised trials evaluating the effect of routine supplementation with iron or combination of iron and folic acid during pregnancy. Data collection and analysis We assessed trials for methodological quality using the standard Cochrane criteria. Two authors independently assessed the trials for inclusion and one author extracted data. We collected information on randomisation method, allocation concealment, blinding and loss to follow up. The primary outcomes included maternal and infant clinical and laboratory outcomes. Main results Forty trials, involving 12706 women, were included in the review. Overall, the results showed significant heterogeneity across most prespecified outcomes. Heterogeneity could not be explained by standard sensitivity analyses including quality assessment; therefore, all results were analysed assuming random-effects. Very limited information related to clinical maternal and infant outcomes was available in the included trials. The data suggest that daily antenatal iron supplementation increases haemoglobin levels in maternal blood both antenatally and postnatally. It is difficult to quantify this increase due to significant heterogeneity between the studies. Women who receive daily antenatal iron supplementation are less likely to have iron de fi ciency and iron-deficiency anaemia at term as defined by current cutoff values. Side-effects and haemoconcentration are more common in women who receive daily iron supplementation. No differences were evident between daily and weekly supplementation with regards to gestational anaemia; haemoconcentration during pregnancy appears less frequent with the weekly regimen. The clinical significance of hemoconcentration defined as haemoglobin greater than 130 g/L remains uncertain. Authors' conclusions Further studies are needed to assess the effects of routine antenatal supplementation with iron or a combination of iron and folic acid on clinically important maternal and infant outcomes. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Micronutr Malnutr Prevent & Control Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pena-Rosas, JP (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Micronutr Malnutr Prevent & Control Program, 4770 Buford Highway MS K25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jpenarosas@cdc.gov OI Pena-Rosas, Juan Pablo/0000-0002-6737-9831 NR 230 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1469-493X J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2006 IS 3 AR CD004736 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD004736.pub2 PG 138 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 065EE UT WOS:000239141400057 ER PT J AU Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ AF Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ TI Genomics and public health in the United States: Signposts on the translation highway SO COMMUNITY GENETICS LA English DT Article DE biobanks; genomics; public health; population-based studies; translation ID DISEASE PREVENTION; LIFE-STYLE; PRIORITIES; MEDICINE; RISK AB Successful completion of the Human Genome Project has raised public expectations that research findings will translate quickly into health benefits; however, the gap between biomedical research and clinical and public health application seems wider than ever. Public health scientists now have the opportunity to help create a broad concept of research translation that integrates genomic information into policies, programs and services benefiting the whole population. Important 'signposts' along the translation highway include conducting population-based research in genomics, developing evidence on the clinical and public health value of genomic information, and integrating genomics into health practice. Copyright (C) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gwinn, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop K-89, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MGwinn@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-2795 J9 COMMUNITY GENET JI Community Genet. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1159/000090689 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 014JK UT WOS:000235475700003 PM 16490955 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Gwinn, M AF Khoury, M. J. Gwinn, M. TI What role for public health in genetics and vice versa? SO COMMUNITY GENETICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, MS K28,Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM muk1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-2795 J9 COMMUNITY GENET JI Community Genet. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 4 BP 282 EP 282 DI 10.1159/000094481 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 089RH UT WOS:000240897800011 PM 17003539 ER PT J AU Katona, P AF Katona, Peter BE Katona, P Intriligator, MD Sullivan, JP TI THE HISTORICAL IMPACT OF TERRORISM, EPIDEMICS AND WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION SO COUNTERING TERRORISM AND WMD: CREATING A GLOBAL COUNTER-TERRORISM NETWORK SE Cass Series on Political Violence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Katona, Peter] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Katona, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Katona, Peter] Louisiana State Univ, NCBRT, Acad Counter Terrorist Educ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Katona, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-08746-6 J9 CASS SER POLIT VIOLE PY 2006 BP 13 EP 32 PG 20 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BML04 UT WOS:000272703400004 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS AF Kahn, HS TI The lipid accumulation product is better than BMI for identifying diabetes - A population-based comparison SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; FAT STORAGE; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC WAIST; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; METABOLIC SYNDROME; WEIGHT CHANGE; MEN; MELLITUS; GLUCOSE; OBESITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kahn, HS (reprint author), CDC, Mail Stop K-10,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hkahn@cdc.gov OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 33 TC 61 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 151 EP 153 DI 10.2337/diacare.29.01.06.dc05-1805 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 998VZ UT WOS:000234349300030 PM 16373916 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Over, M Manhart, L Holmes, KK AF Aral, Sevgi O. Over, Mead Manhart, Lisa Holmes, King K. BE Jamison, DT Breman, JG Measham, AR Alleyne, G Claeson, M Evans, DB Jha, P Mills, A Musgrove, P TI Sexually Transmitted Infections SO DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; GENITAL HERPES; SYNDROMIC MANAGEMENT; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; UNITED-STATES; CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES; BRIDGE POPULATIONS C1 [Aral, Sevgi O.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Over, Mead] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Manhart, Lisa; Holmes, King K.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holmes, King K.] Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 119 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-6180-1 PY 2006 BP 311 EP 330 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BAV21 UT WOS:000305583100019 ER PT J AU Breman, JG Mills, A Snow, RW Mulligan, JA Lengeler, C Mendis, K Sharp, B Morel, C Marchesini, P White, NJ Steketee, RW Doumbo, OK AF Breman, Joel G. Mills, Anne Snow, Robert W. Mulligan, Jo-Ann Lengeler, Christian Mendis, Kamini Sharp, Brian Morel, Chantal Marchesini, Paola White, Nicholas J. Steketee, Richard W. Doumbo, Ogobara K. BE Jamison, DT Breman, JG Measham, AR Alleyne, G Claeson, M Evans, DB Jha, P Mills, A Musgrove, P TI Conquering Malaria SO DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERMITTENT PREVENTIVE TREATMENT; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL EPISODES; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ECONOMIC-IMPACT C1 [Breman, Joel G.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Breman, Joel G.] Dis Control Prior Project, Washington, DC USA. [Mills, Anne] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. [Snow, Robert W.] Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Snow, Robert W.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mulligan, Jo-Ann; Morel, Chantal] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. [Lengeler, Christian] Swiss Trop Inst, Basel, Switzerland. [Mendis, Kamini; Marchesini, Paola] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Sharp, Brian] MRC, London W1N 4AL, England. [Morel, Chantal] Oxford Outcomes, Oxford, England. [White, Nicholas J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Steketee, Richard W.] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [Doumbo, Ogobara K.] Univ Bamako, Bamako, Mali. RP Breman, JG (reprint author), NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 109 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-6180-1 PY 2006 BP 413 EP 431 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BAV21 UT WOS:000305583100023 ER PT J AU Narayan, KMV Zhang, P Kanaya, AM Williams, DE Engelgau, MM Imperatore, G Ramachandran, A AF Narayan, K. M. Venkat Zhang, Ping Kanaya, Alka M. Williams, Desmond E. Engelgau, Michael M. Imperatore, Giuseppina Ramachandran, Ambady BE Jamison, DT Breman, JG Measham, AR Alleyne, G Claeson, M Evans, DB Jha, P Mills, A Musgrove, P TI Diabetes: The Pandemic and Potential Solutions SO DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; RISK-FACTORS; LIFE-STYLE; US ADULTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; COMPLEXITY SCIENCE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; UNITED-STATES C1 [Narayan, K. M. Venkat] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Narayan, K. M. Venkat] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Zhang, Ping; Williams, Desmond E.; Engelgau, Michael M.; Imperatore, Giuseppina] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kanaya, Alka M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Narayan, KMV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 71 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-6180-1 PY 2006 BP 591 EP 603 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BAV21 UT WOS:000305583100032 ER PT B AU Nsubuga, P White, ME Thacker, SB Anderson, MA Blount, SB Broome, CV Chiller, TM Espitia, V Imtiaz, R Sosin, D Stroup, DF Tauxe, RV Vijayaraghavan, M Trostle, M AF Nsubuga, Peter White, Mark E. Thacker, Stephen B. Anderson, Mark A. Blount, Stephen B. Broome, Claire V. Chiller, Tom M. Espitia, Victoria Imtiaz, Rubina Sosin, Dan Stroup, Donna F. Tauxe, Robert V. Vijayaraghavan, Maya Trostle, Murray BE Jamison, DT Breman, JG Measham, AR Alleyne, G Claeson, M Evans, DB Jha, P Mills, A Musgrove, P TI Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Interventions SO DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; UNITED-STATES; SYSTEM C1 [Nsubuga, Peter; White, Mark E.; Thacker, Stephen B.; Anderson, Mark A.; Blount, Stephen B.; Broome, Claire V.; Chiller, Tom M.; Espitia, Victoria; Imtiaz, Rubina; Sosin, Dan; Stroup, Donna F.; Tauxe, Robert V.; Vijayaraghavan, Maya] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Trostle, Murray] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Nsubuga, P (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 64 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-6180-1; 978-0-8213-6179-5 PY 2006 BP 997 EP 1015 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BAV21 UT WOS:000305583100055 ER PT J AU Li, HY Shi, N Wu, S Zhong, Y Ma, Q AF Li, Huangyuan Shi, Nian Wu, Siying Zhong, Yufang Ma, Qiang TI Deltamethrin-induced reactive oxygen species in PC12 cells and rats: Role of N-acetyl-L-cysteine SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th European Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics (ISSX) CY JUN 04-07, 2006 CL Manchester, ENGLAND SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 Fujian Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Fujian, Peoples R China. NIOSH, CDC, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2006 VL 38 SU 1 MA 241 BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 072FL UT WOS:000239659200257 ER PT J AU Iskander, J Pool, V Zhou, WG English-Bullard, R AF Iskander, J Pool, V Zhou, WG English-Bullard, R CA VAERS Team TI Data mining in the US using the vaccine adverse event reporting system SO DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article ID POSTLICENSURE SAFETY SURVEILLANCE; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; SIGNAL-DETECTION; INFLUENZA VACCINES; VARICELLA VACCINE; CLINICAL JUDGMENT; PUBLIC-HEALTH; COMMON-SENSE; HEPATITIS-B AB The US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), which is charged with vigilance for detecting vaccine-related safety issues, faces an increasingly complex immunisation environment. Since 1990, steady increases in vaccine licensing and distribution have resulted in increasing numbers of reports to VAERS. Prominent features of current reports include more routine vaccine co-administration and frequent reports of new postvaccination clinical syndromes. Data-mining methods, based on disproportionality analyses, are one strategy being pursued by VAERS researchers to increase the utility of its complex database. The types of analyses used include proportional reporting ratios, association rule discovery, and various 'historic limits' methods that compare observed versus expected event counts. The use of such strategies in VAERS has been primarily supplemental and retrospective. Signals for inactivated influenza, typhoid and tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines have been successfully identified. Concerns flagged through data mining should always be subject to clinical case review as a first evaluation step. Persistent issues should be subject to formal hypothesis testing in large linked databases or other controlled-study settings. Automated data-mining techniques for prospective use are currently undergoing development and evaluation within VAERS. Their use (as one signal-detection tool among many) by trained medical evaluators who are aware of system limitations is one legitimate approach to improving the ability of VAERS to generate vaccine-safety hypotheses. Such approaches are needed as more new vaccines continue to be licensed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Off Immunizat Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Iskander, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Off Immunizat Safety, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jxi0@cdc.gov NR 82 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0114-5916 J9 DRUG SAFETY JI Drug Saf. PY 2006 VL 29 IS 5 BP 375 EP 384 DI 10.2165/00002018-200629050-00002 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 048OF UT WOS:000237955700002 PM 16689554 ER PT S AU Padayhag, J AF Padayhag, J BE Kolodkin, VM Ruck, W TI Vapor validation of monitoring systems for detection of trace levels of chemical warfare agents in air SO ECOLOGICAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DESTRUCTION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Ecological Risks Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons CY OCT 22-26, 2003 CL Luneburg, GERMANY SP NATO, Russian Federat, Univ Luneburg DE vapor validation; lewisite AB U.S. Army facilities for elimination of chemical warfare agents (CWA) include instrumentation for monitoring trace-levels of CWA in air. Protocols for calibration and quality control assessment of air-monitoring systems use solutions of agent standards in solvent; however, agent potentially detected in the facility would be in gaseous form. The Army is conducting vapor validation studies in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). These studies assess performance of instrumentation to monitor for CWA vapor at temperature and humidity conditions encountered at CWA destruction facilities. Vapor validation studies on monitoring methods for lewisite (L) [dichloro-(2-chlorovinyl)arsine] are of interest because the CWA is difficult to sample and must be derivitized for analysis. Vapor validation efforts have resulted in recommendations for changes to equipment configuration to enhance monitoring of CWA vapor. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Padayhag, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ozp9@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 1-4020-3135-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2006 BP 199 EP 203 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BDY18 UT WOS:000236067500021 ER PT S AU Decker, JA Rogers, HW AF Decker, JA Rogers, HW BE Kolodkin, VM Ruck, W TI Revised airborne exposure limits for chemical warfare agents SO ECOLOGICAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DESTRUCTION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Ecological Risks Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons CY OCT 22-26, 2003 CL Luneburg, GERMANY SP NATO, Russian Federat, Univ Luneburg DE exposure limits; chemical warfare agents AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is revising airborne exposure limits (AELs) for tabun (GA), satin (GB), VX, and sulfur mustard (H, HT, and HD) for demilitarization workers and the general public. New exposure criteria include short-term exposure limits (STELs) and immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) values. These new criteria augment revised long-term criteria, which include worker population limits (WPLs) and general population limits (GPLs). The criteria were revised using various risk assessment approaches, including reference concentration (RfC), relative potency, categorical regression (CatReg), carcinogenicity potency, and the CDC/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) IDLH methods. CDC believes the revised criteria meet the goal of protecting workers and the public at potential airborne concentration levels below those that would result in adverse health effects from acute exposures and further protect against risk for effects from long-term exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jad4@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 1-4020-3135-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2006 BP 279 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-3137-8_31 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BDY18 UT WOS:000236067500032 ER PT S AU Braden, CR Tauxe, RV AF Braden, C. R. Tauxe, R. V. BE Motarjemi, Y Adams, M TI Surveillance for emerging pathogens in the United States SO EMERGING FOODBORNE PATHOGENS SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM INFECTIONS; FOODBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; PRESSED APPLE CIDER; CAMPYLOBACTER ENTERITIS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; CONTAMINATED SEEDS; O157H7 INFECTIONS C1 [Braden, C. R.; Tauxe, R. V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Braden, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM crb5@cdc.gov; rvt1@cdc.gov NR 96 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-85573-963-5 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2006 IS 123 BP 23 EP 49 DI 10.1533/9781845691394.1.23 PG 27 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BNE85 UT WOS:000274293300003 ER PT J AU Bell, D Nicoll, A Fukuda, K Horby, P Monto, A AF Bell, D Nicoll, A Fukuda, K Horby, P Monto, A CA World Hlth Org Writing Grp TI Nonpharmaceutical interventions for pandemic influenza, international measures SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; AIR-TRAVEL; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; PATTERNS; CHILDREN; VIRUSES; SPREAD; SARS AB Since global availability of vaccine and antiviral agents against influenza caused by novel human subtypes is insufficient, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends nonpharmaceutical public health interventions to contain infection, delay spread, and reduce the impact of pandemic disease. Virus transmission characteristics will not be completely known in advance, but difficulties in influenza control typically include peak infectivity early in illness, a short interval between cases, and to a lesser extent, transmission from persons with incubating or asymptomatic infection. Screening and quarantining entering travelers at international borders did not substantially delay virus introduction in past pandemics, except in some island countries, and will likely be even less effective in the modern era. Instead, WHO recommends providing information to international travelers and possibly screening travelers departing countries with transmissible human infection. The principal focus of interventions against pandemic influenza spread should be at national and community levels rather than international borders. C1 WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Bell, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Strategy & Innovat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D28, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbell@cdc.gov RI Horby, Peter/D-1585-2013; OI Horby, Peter/0000-0002-9822-1586 NR 34 TC 147 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 999VU UT WOS:000234419700016 ER PT J AU Bell, D Nicoll, A Fukuda, K Horby, P Monto, A AF Bell, D Nicoll, A Fukuda, K Horby, P Monto, A CA World Hlth Org Writing Grp TI Nonpharmaceutical interventions for pandemic influenza, national and community measures SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID RISK-FACTORS; SCHOOLCHILDREN; HEALTH; SARS; QUARANTINE; ILLNESS; SPREAD AB The World Health Organization's recommended pandemic influenza interventions, based on limited data, vary by transmission pattern, pandemic phase, and illness severity and extent. In the pandemic alert period, recommendations include isolation of patients and quarantine of contacts, accompanied by antiviral therapy. During the pandemic period, the focus shifts to delaying spread and reducing effects through population-based measures. III persons should remain home when they first became symptomatic, but forced isolation and quarantine are ineffective and impractical. If the pandemic is severe, social distancing measures such as school closures should be considered. Nonessential domestic travel to affected areas should be deferred. Hand and respiratory hygiene should be routine; mask use should be based on setting and risk, and contaminated household surfaces should be disinfected. Additional research and field assessments during pandemics are essential to update recommendations. Legal authority and procedures for implementing interventions should be understood in advance and should respect cultural differences and human rights. C1 WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Bell, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Strategy & Innovat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D28, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbell@cdc.gov RI Horby, Peter/D-1585-2013; OI Horby, Peter/0000-0002-9822-1586 NR 36 TC 180 Z9 188 U1 5 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 88 EP 94 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 999VU UT WOS:000234419700017 ER PT J AU Grijalva, CG Craig, AS Dupont, WD Bridges, CB Schrag, SJ Iwane, MK Schaffner, W Edwards, KM Griffin, MR AF Grijalva, CG Craig, AS Dupont, WD Bridges, CB Schrag, SJ Iwane, MK Schaffner, W Edwards, KM Griffin, MR TI Estimating influenza hospitalizations among children SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS; RECORD SYSTEMS ESTIMATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; VIRAL CULTURE; NASOPHARYNGEAL ASPIRATE; OUTPATIENT VISITS; UNITED-STATES; NASAL SWAB; SURVEILLANCE AB Although influenza causes more hospitalizations and deaths among American children than any other vaccine-preventable disease, deriving accurate population-based estimates of disease impact is challenging. Using 2 independent surveillance systems, we performed a capture-recapture analysis to estimate influenza-associated hospitalizations in children in Davidson County, Tennessee, during the 2003-2004 influenza season. The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) enrolled children hospitalized with respiratory symptoms or fever and tested them for influenza. The Tennessee Emerging Infections Program (EIP) identified inpatients with positive influenza diagnostic test results through review of laboratory and infection control logs. The hospitalization rate estimated from the capture-recapture analysis in children < 5 years of age was 2.4 per 1,000 (95% confidence interval 1.8-3.8). When NVSN estimates were compared with capture-recapture estimates, NVSN found 84% of community-acquired cases, EIP found 64% of cases in which an influenza rapid test was performed, and the overall sensitivity of NVSN and EIP for influenza hospitalizations was 73% and 38%, respectively. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Griffin, MR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Sch Med, A-1110 Med Ctr N, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM marie.griffin@vanderbilt.edu RI Dupont, William/I-4430-2012 NR 36 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 999VU UT WOS:000234419700019 PM 16494725 ER PT J AU Lewis, FMT Chernak, E Goldman, E Li, Y Karem, K Damon, IK Henkel, R Newbern, EC Ross, P Johnson, CC AF Lewis, FMT Chernak, E Goldman, E Li, Y Karem, K Damon, IK Henkel, R Newbern, EC Ross, P Johnson, CC TI Ocular vaccinia infection in laboratory worker, Philadelphia, 2004 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACCIDENTAL INFECTION; VIRUS; VACCINATION; SMALLPOX AB We report a case of ocular vaccinia infection in an unvaccinated laboratory worker. The patient was infected by a unique strain used in an experiment performed partly outside a biosafety cabinet. Vaccination should continue to be recommended, but laboratories with unvaccinated workers should also implement more stringent biosafety practices. C1 Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lewis, FMT (reprint author), Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, 500 S Broad St,2nd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. EM bwe1@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 134 EP 137 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 999VU UT WOS:000234419700024 PM 16494730 ER PT J AU Gundlapalli, AV Rubin, MA Samore, MH Lopansri, B Lahey, T McGuire, HL Winthrop, KL Dunn, JJ Willick, SE Vosters, RL Waeckerle, JF Carroll, KC Gwaltney, JM Hayden, FG Elstad, MR Sande, MA AF Gundlapalli, AV Rubin, MA Samore, MH Lopansri, B Lahey, T McGuire, HL Winthrop, KL Dunn, JJ Willick, SE Vosters, RL Waeckerle, JF Carroll, KC Gwaltney, JM Hayden, FG Elstad, MR Sande, MA TI Influenza, Winter Olympiad, 2002 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RAPID DETECTION; VACCINATION; VIRUSES AB Prospective surveillance for influenza was performed during the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympics. Oseltarnivir was administered to patients with influenzalike illness and confirmed influenza, while their close contacts were given oseltamivir prophylactically. Influenza A/B was diagnosed in 36 of 188 patients, including 13 athletes. Prompt management limited the spread of this outbreak. C1 Univ Utah, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84148 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. ARUP Labs Inc, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Lakeshore Med Clin, Milwaukee, WI USA. Kansas City Sch Med, Kansas City, MO USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Gundlapalli, AV (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Room 4B319 SOM,30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM adi.gundlapalli@hsc.utah.edu FU PHS HHS [CCR820631] NR 13 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 144 EP 146 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 999VU UT WOS:000234419700027 PM 16494733 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Painting nature on the wing SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 180 EP 181 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 999VU UT WOS:000234419700040 ER PT J AU Ruder, AM Hein, MJ Nilsen, N Waters, MA Laber, P Davis-King, K Prince, MM Whelan, E AF Ruder, AM Hein, MJ Nilsen, N Waters, MA Laber, P Davis-King, K Prince, MM Whelan, E TI Mortality among workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an electrical capacitor manufacturing plant in Indiana: An update SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cancer; cohort study; exposure assessment; occupational exposure; polychlorinated biphenyls ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; NESTED CASE-CONTROL; SAFETY-AND-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; PROSTATE-CANCER; COHORT; DIBENZOFURANS; MECHANISM; INSTITUTE AB An Indiana capacitor-manufacturing cohort (n = 3,569) was exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from 1957 to 1977. The original study of mortality through 1984 found excess melanoma and brain cancer; other studies of PCB-exposed individuals have found excess non-Hodgkin lymphoma and rectal, liver, biliary tract, and gallbladder cancer. Mortality was updated through 1998. Analyses have included standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) using rates for Indiana and the United States, standardized rate ratios (SRRs), and Poisson regression rate ratios (RRs). Estimated cumulative exposure calculations used a new job-exposure matrix. Mortality overall was reduced (547 deaths; SMR, 0.81; 95% Cl, 0.7-0.9). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma mortality was elevated (9 deaths; SMR, 1.23; 95% Cl, 0.6-2.3). Melanoma remained in excess (9 deaths; SMR, 2.43; 95% Cl, 1.1-4.6), especially in the lowest tertile of estimated cumulative exposure (5 deaths; SMR, 3.72; 95% Cl, 1.2-8.7). Seven of the 12 brain cancer deaths (SMR, 1.91; 95% Cl, 1.0-3.3) occurred after the original study. Brain cancer mortality increased with exposure (in the highest tertile, 5 deaths; SMR, 2.71; 95% Cl, 0.9-6.3); the SRR dose-response trend was significant (p = 0.016). Among those working >= 90 days, both melanoma (8 deaths; SMR, 2.66; 95% Cl, 1.1-5.2) and brain cancer (11 deaths; SMR, 2.12; 95% Cl, 1.1-3.8) were elevated, especially for women: melanoma, 3 deaths (SMR, 5.99; 95% Cl, 1.2-17.5); brain cancer, 3 deaths (SMR, 2.87; 95% Cl, 0.6-8.4). These findings of excess melanoma and brain cancer mortality confirm results of the original study. Melanoma mortality was not associated with estimated cumulative exposure. Brain cancer mortality did not demonstrate a clear dose-response relationship with estimated cumulative exposure. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ruder, AM (reprint author), NIOSH, Mailstop R-16,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM amr2@cdc.gov RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 65 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1 BP 18 EP 23 DI 10.1289/ehp.8253 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 999NR UT WOS:000234396800032 PM 16393652 ER PT J AU Wade, TJ Calderon, RL Sams, E Beach, M Brenner, KP Williams, AH Dufour, AP AF Wade, TJ Calderon, RL Sams, E Beach, M Brenner, KP Williams, AH Dufour, AP TI Rapidly measured indicators of recreational water quality are predictive of swimming-associated gastrointestional illness SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE bathing beaches; cohort studies; diarrhea; gastrointestinal diseases; Great Lakes Region; recreational water; swimming; water quality ID DRINKING-WATER; HUNTINGTON-BEACH; SEWAGE; CONSUMPTION; CALIFORNIA; EXPOSURE; TRIAL AB Standard methods to measure recreational water quality require at least 24 hr to obtain results, making it impossible to assess the quality of water within a single day. Methods to measure recreational water quality in ! 2 hr have been developed. Application of rapid methods could give considerably more accurate and timely assessments of recreational water quality. We conducted a prospective study of beachgoers at two Great Lakes beaches to examine the association between recreational water quality, obtained using rapid methods, and gastrointestinal (Gl) illness after swimming. Beachgoers were asked about swimming and other beach activities and 10-12 days later were asked about the occurrence of GI symptoms. We tested water samples for Enterococcus and Bacteroides species using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. We observed significant trends between increased GI illness and Enterococcus at the Lake Michigan beach and a positive trend for Enterococcus at the Lake Erie beach. The association remained significant for Enterococcus when the two beaches were combined. We observed a positive trend for Bacteroides at the Lake Erie beach, but no trend was observed at the Lake Michigan beach. Enterococcus samples collected at 0800 hr were predictive of GI illness that day. The association between Enterococcus and illness strengthened as time spent swimming in the water increased. This is the first study to show that water quality measured by rapid methods can predict swimming-associated health effects. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Calderon, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Calderon.rebecca@epa.gov NR 36 TC 189 Z9 197 U1 6 U2 41 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.1289/ehp.8273 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 999NR UT WOS:000234396800033 PM 16393653 ER PT J AU Macek, MD Matte, TD Sinks, T Malvitz, DM AF Macek, MD Matte, TD Sinks, T Malvitz, DM TI Blood lead concentrations in children and method of water fluoridation in the United States, 1988-1994 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE adolescents; children; fluoridation; nutrition surveys; lead ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; DRINKING-WATER; DENTAL-CARIES; US POPULATION; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; EXPOSURE; NHANES AB Some have hypothesized that community water containing sodium silicofluoride and hydrofluosilicic acid may increase blood lead (PbB) concentrations in children by leaching of lead front water conduits and by increasing absorption of lead from water. Our analysis aimed to evaluate the relation between water fluoridation method and PbB concentrations in children. We used PbB concentration data (n = 9,477) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) for children 1-16 years of age, merged with water fluoridation data from the 1992 Fluoridation Census. The main outcome measure was geometric mean PbB concentration, and covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty status, urbanicity, and length of time living in residence. Geometric mean PbB concentrations for each water fluoridation method were 2.40 mu g/dL (sodium silicofluoride), 2.34 mu g/dL (hydrofluosilicic acid), 1.78 mu g/dL (sodium fluoride), 2.24 \mu g/dL (natural fluoride and no fluoride), and 2.14 mu g/dL (unknown/mixed status). In multiple linear and logistic regression, there was a statistical interaction between water fluoridation method and year in which dwelling was built. Controlling for covariates, water fluoridation method was significant only in the models that included dwellings built before 1946 and dwellings of unknown age. Across stratum-specific models for dwellings of known age, neither hydrofluosilicic acid nor sodium silicofluoride were associated with higher geometric mean PbB concentrations or prevalence values. Given these findings, our analyses, though not definitive, do not support concerns that silicofluorides in community water systems cause higher PbB concentrations in children. Current evidence does not provide a basis for changing water fluoridation practices, which have a clear public health benefit. C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Sch Dent, Dept Hlth Promot & Policy, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Macek, MD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Sch Dent, Dept Hlth Promot & Policy, 666 W Baltimore St,Room 3-E-02, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM mmacek@umaryland.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1289/ehp.8319 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 999NR UT WOS:000234396800050 PM 16393670 ER PT J AU Brown, MJ Jacobs, DE AF Brown, MJ Jacobs, DE TI Sources of blood lead in children SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Brown, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mjb5@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1 BP A18 EP A19 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 999NR UT WOS:000234396800006 PM 16393641 ER PT J AU Falk, H Baldwin, G AF Falk, H Baldwin, G TI Environmental health and hurricane Katrina SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEW-ORLEANS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Falk, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hxfl@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1 BP A12 EP A13 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 999NR UT WOS:000234396800001 PM 16393636 ER PT J AU Salmon, DA Smith, PJ Navar, AM Pan, WKY Omer, SB Singleton, JA Halsey, NA AF Salmon, Daniel A. Smith, Philip J. Navar, Ann Marie Pan, William K. Y. Omer, Saad B. Singleton, James A. Halsey, Neal A. TI Measuring immunization coverage among preschool children: Past, present, and future opportunities SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE child health services; child, preschool; communicable disease control; comparative study; immunization programs; immunization schedule; vaccination ID VACCINE SAFETY CONCERNS; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; HEPATITIS-B-VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; US CHILDREN; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; CHILDHOOD; MEASLES; RATES AB Control of vaccine-preventable diseases depends on maintaining high levels of immunization coverage. Immunization coverage among preschool children remains suboptimal in some areas and sociodemographic subgroups, as well as for more recently introduced vaccines, leaving susceptible young children vulnerable to complications from vaccine-preventable diseases. This paper reviews approaches historically used to measure immunization coverage among preschool children in the United States. The strengths and weaknesses of various approaches to measuring immunization coverage among preschool children are explored, with emphasis on the current means to measure national immunization coverage-the National Immunization Survey. Methods for measuring immunization coverage among preschool children at local and state levels are also evaluated. Future opportunities and challenges for measuring immunization coverage at the local, state, and national levels are explored. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Vaccine Safety, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Salmon, DA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM das@ehpr.ufl.edu RI Omer, Saad/K-1182-2012 OI Omer, Saad/0000-0002-5383-3474 NR 112 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2006 VL 28 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxj001 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 068QI UT WOS:000239389100003 PM 16740586 ER PT J AU Coleman, MS Washington, ML Orenstein, WA Gazmararian, JA Prill, MM AF Coleman, Margaret S. Washington, Michael L. Orenstein, Walter A. Gazmararian, Julie A. Prill, Mila M. TI Interdisciplinary epidemiologic and economic research needed to support a universal childhood influenza vaccination policy SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE economics; health policy; influenza vaccines; mass immunization; policy making; public health; research ID CHILDREN; SCHOOLCHILDREN; MORTALITY; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; BENEFITS; HEALTH; RISK AB Recent research indicates that influenza vaccination of children may decrease the influenza disease burden in adults to a greater extent than targeting vaccination to populations at high risk of serious disease. Possible new policies reflecting these results would add groups most likely to transmit disease to existing vaccination recommendations. Interdisciplinary research combining epidemiology with economics is needed to answer critical questions about the desirability and feasibility of potential new policies, such as what additional resources medical providers might need to expand vaccination to larger groups or what opportunity costs parents might incur in vaccinating their children annually. In this paper, the authors provide background for some of the changes in influenza vaccination rates and disease and discuss existing information gaps and research methods capable of closing these gaps. They provide several examples of interdisciplinary studies that have incorporated both economics and epidemiology or health policy issues. These studies are representative of a variety of stakeholder perspectives needed to determine whether community-based, universal childhood vaccination policies would be more efficacious and cost-effective than strategies targeted toward persons at high risk of disease complications. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Policy & Dev, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Emory Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Qual, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Coleman, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zby5@cdc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 P20 RR020735-01] NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2006 VL 28 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxj008 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 068QI UT WOS:000239389100004 PM 16740584 ER PT J AU Wasley, A Flore, A Bell, BP AF Wasley, Annemarie Flore, Anthony Bell, Beth P. TI Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE hepatitis A; hepatitis A vaccine; hepatitis A virus; vaccines ID COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK; CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS; MATERNAL ANTIBODY; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; VIRAL-HEPATITIS AB The World Health Organization estimates an annual total of 1.5 million clinical cases of hepatitis A worldwide, but seroprevalence data indicate that tens of millions of hepatitis A virus infections occur each year. In the United States in the 1980s-1990s, an average of 26,000 acute hepatitis A cases were reported per year, representing approximately 270,000 infections annually. Since licensure of effective hepatitis A vaccines in the mid-1990s, US hepatitis A rates have fallen precipitously-particularly since 1999, when routine childhood vaccination was recommended in states with consistently elevated rates. By 2004, the overall rate had declined to 1.9/100,000 population, the lowest rate ever recorded and 79% lower than any previously recorded nadir. These marked declines occurred with relatively modest vaccination coverage, suggesting that strong herd immunity accompanies the initiation of routine vaccination programs. Routine childhood vaccination has produced similar results in Israel and selected regions of Italy, Spain, and Australia. Hepatitis A vaccination will probably remain a low priority for some time in the poorest countries, where most persons are infected as young children. However, shifts in the epidemiologic patterns of disease associated with declining hepatitis A virus transmission are occurring in many regions of the world. These shifts are likely to create circumstances where strategically targeted vaccination of children could produce substantial public health benefits. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wasley, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM awasley@cdc.gov NR 125 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2006 VL 28 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxj012 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 068QI UT WOS:000239389100010 PM 16775039 ER PT J AU Shepard, CW Simard, EP Finelli, L Flore, AE Bell, BP AF Shepard, Colin W. Simard, Edgar P. Finelli, Lyn Flore, Anthony E. Bell, Beth P. TI Hepatitis B virus infection: Epidemiology and vaccination SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE hepatitis B; hepatitis B vaccines; hepatitis B virus; immunization programs ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN VARIANTS; EVENT-REPORTING-SYSTEM; HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; UNITED-STATES; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; FOLLOW-UP; VIRAL-HEPATITIS AB Worldwide, two billion people have been infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), 360 million have chronic infection, and 600,000 die each year from HBV-related liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma. This comprehensive review of hepatitis B epidemiology and vaccines focuses on definitive and influential studies and highlights current trends, policies, and directions. HBV can be transmitted vertically, through sexual or household contact, or by unsafe injections, but chronic infections acquired during infancy or childhood account for a disproportionately large share of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Vaccination against HBV infection can be started at birth and provides long-term protection against infection in more than 90% of healthy people. In the 1990s, many industrialized countries and a few less-developed countries implemented universal hepatitis B immunization and experienced measurable reductions in HBV-related disease. For example, in Taiwan, the prevalence of chronic infection in children declined by more than 90%. Many resource-poor nations have recently initiated universal hepatitis B immunization programs with assistance from the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. Further progress towards the elimination of HBV transmission will require sustainable vaccination programs with improved vaccination coverage, practical methods of measuring the impact of vaccination programs, and targeted vaccination efforts for communities at high risk of infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Flore, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM abf4@cdc.gov RI Simard, Edgar/G-4552-2010 OI Simard, Edgar/0000-0001-8093-2067 NR 150 TC 422 Z9 464 U1 9 U2 55 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2006 VL 28 BP 112 EP 125 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxj009 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 068QI UT WOS:000239389100011 PM 16754644 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Hein, MJ Cassinelli, RT Prince, MM Nilsen, NB Whelan, EA Waters, MA Ruder, AM Schnorr, TM AF Steenland, K Hein, MJ Cassinelli, RT Prince, MM Nilsen, NB Whelan, EA Waters, MA Ruder, AM Schnorr, TM TI Polychlorinated biphenyls and neurodegenerative disease mortality in an occupational cohort SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; DOPAMINE CONCENTRATIONS; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; PESTICIDES; DEMENTIA; CANCER; HEALTH; ADULT AB Background: Production of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ended in the United States in the 1970s, but PCBs persist in the environment and are detectable in the blood of approximately 80% of Americans over age 50. PCBs decrease dopamine levels in rats and monkeys. Loss of dopamine is the hallmark of Parkinson disease, a neurodegenerative disease. There are no epidemiologic studies of PCBs and neurodegenerative disease. Methods: We conducted a retrospective mortality study of 17,321 PCB-exposed workers to determine whether mortality from Parkinson disease, dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was elevated compared with the U.S. population. All workers had a least 90 days employment in 1 of 3 electrical capacitor plants using PCBs from the 1940s to the 1970s. PCB serum levels from a sample of these workers in the 1970s were approximately 10 times the level of community controls. Results: We found no overall excess of Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or dementia in the PCB-exposed cohort (standardized mortality ratios [SMRs]-1.40, 1.11, and 1.26, respectively, and number of deaths-14, 10, and 28 respectively). However, sex-specific analyses revealed that women had an excess of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SMR-2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-4.15; 10 deaths). Furthermore, among highly exposed women (defined by a job-exposure matrix), we found an excess of Parkinson disease (SMR-2.95; 95% CI = 1.08-6.42; 6 deaths) and dementia (SMR-2.04; 95% CI = 1.12-3.43; 14 deaths). Conclusions: Our data are limited due to small numbers and reliance on mortality rather than incidence data, but are suggestive of an effect of PCBs on neurodegenerative disease for women. The literature does not offer an explanation for why women would be more affected than men by PCB exposure for these outcomes. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM nsteenl@sph.emory.edu RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 34 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000190707.51536.2b PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 996SQ UT WOS:000234195400005 PM 16357589 ER PT J AU Meeker, JD Ryan, L Barr, DB Hauser, R AF Meeker, JD Ryan, L Barr, DB Hauser, R TI Exposure to nonpersistent insecticides and male reproductive hormones SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMEN QUALITY; URINARY LEVELS; METABOLITES; PESTICIDES; CHLORPYRIFOS; INHIBITION; STEROIDOGENESIS; TESTOSTERONE; DIMETHOATE; PARAMETERS AB Background: Urinary metabolites of several nonpersistent insecticides have been measured in a high percentage of men in the general population, suggesting widespread environmental exposures to these compounds. The present study explored the association of urinary concentrations of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of carbaryl and naphthalene, with serum reproductive hormone levels in adult men. Methods: Subjects (n = 268) were the male partners in couples presenting to a Massachusetts infertility clinic in years 2000 through 2003. TCPY and 1N were measured in a spot urine sample from each subject and adjusted for dilution using specific gravity. Reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, leuteinizing hormone, inhibin B, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin) were measured in serum collected from subjects during the same clinic visit. Results: Multiple linear regression models showed an inverse association between TCPY and testosterone concentration. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in TCPY was associated with a decline of 25 ng/dL (95% confidence interval = -40 to -10) in testosterone concentration. The association appeared to be dose-dependent when exposure was divided into quintiles. The highest TCPY quintile was associated with a testosterone decline of 83 ng/dL (-128 to -39) compared with the lowest TCPY quintile. We also found inverse associations between TCPY and free androgen index and between 1N and testosterone, and suggestive inverse associations between TCPY and leuteinizing hormone and between 1N and free androgen index. Conclusion: In adult men, TCPY and 1N were associated with reduced testosterone levels. On a population level, these reductions are of potential public health importance because of widespread exposure to these nonpersistent insecticides. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Bldg 1,Room 1405,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hohp.harvard.edu RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490; Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09718, ES00002, T32 ES07069] NR 42 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000190602.14691.70 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 996SQ UT WOS:000234195400012 PM 16357596 ER PT J AU Balluz, S Okoro, A Bowman, A Serdula, K Mokdad, H AF Balluz, S. Okoro, A. Bowman, A. Serdula, K. Mokdad, H. TI Vitamin or supplement use among adults, behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 13 states, 2001 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PY 2006 VL 21 SU S BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 066QP UT WOS:000239245500187 ER PT J AU Timen, A Hulscher, M Vos, D van de Laar, MJW Steenbergen, JE Fenton, K Grol, R van der Meer, JWM AF Timen, A. Hulscher, M. Vos, D. van de Laar, M. J. W. van Steenbergen, J. E. Fenton, K. Grol, R. van der Meer, J. W. M. TI The European response to the resurgence of an old (and forgotten?) sexually transmitted disease SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Radboud Univ Med Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Grol, Richard/C-8523-2013; Hulscher, Marlies/B-1229-2014; van der Meer, Jos/C-8521-2013 OI van der Meer, Jos/0000-0001-5120-3690 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1101-1262 J9 EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Eur. J. Public Health PY 2006 VL 16 SU 1 BP 109 EP 110 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119JN UT WOS:000243008700316 ER PT J AU Skupski, DW Eglinton, GS Fine, AD Hayes, EB O'Leary, DR AF Skupski, DW Eglinton, GS Fine, AD Hayes, EB O'Leary, DR TI West Nile virus during pregnancy: A case study of early second trimester maternal infection SO FETAL DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY LA English DT Article DE pregnancy, West Nile virus infection; West Nile virus; perinatal transmission; cordocentesis AB A woman who contracted West Nile virus (WNV) neuroinvasive illness during her second trimester subsequently elected to terminate her pregnancy due to concerns of possible adverse effects of WNV on her developing fetus. Consent was obtained to test maternal and post-mortem fetal tissues for WNV infection. Fetal blood, liver, kidneys, spleen, umbilicus and amniotic fluid were negative for WNV RNA by polymerase chain reaction and negative for WNV IgM antibodies by ELISA, indicating that in this case there was no evidence of WNV transmission to the fetus. Until further information regarding outcomes of WNV infection during pregnancy is available, pregnant women in areas where WNV is transmitted should take precautions to avoid mosquito bites. Women with WNV illness during pregnancy should undergo regular prenatal checkups including ultrasound examinations to assess fetal development, and healthcare providers should promptly report cases of WNV in pregnant women to their state or local health department or to CDC. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 New York Hosp, Queens Med Ctr, Flushing, NY 11355 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Skupski, DW (reprint author), New York Hosp, Queens Med Ctr, 56-45 Main St,Room M-372, Flushing, NY 11355 USA. EM dwskupsk@med.cornell.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-3837 J9 FETAL DIAGN THER JI Fetal Diagn. Ther. PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 293 EP 295 DI 10.1159/000091359 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 031WT UT WOS:000236736600012 PM 16601341 ER PT S AU Rupprecht, CE Hanlon, CA Slate, D AF Rupprecht, C. E. Hanlon, C. A. Slate, D. BE Dodet, B Schudel, A Pastoret, PP Lombard, M TI Control and prevention of rabies in animals: Paradigm shifts SO First International Conference on Rabies in Europe SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Rabies in Europe CY JUN 15, 2005-JUN 18, 2006 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP World Org Anim Hlth DE rabies; disease prevention; population reduction; animal control ID WILD CARNIVORES; UNITED-STATES; AMERICA AB Animal management is the keystone of any modern programme for the prevention and control of rabies. Historically, "animal control" for local elimination of disease was largely equated with population reduction. However, with relatively few exceptions, culling alone has not led to effective control of rabies. In most documented examples of effective control of rabies in the 20th century; an integrated management approach was used that included public education, responsible stewardship of animal populations, manipulation of the population carrying capacity of the local habitat, and vaccination strategies. Globally, the greatest burden on human health that is attributable to this zoonosis is caused by uncontrolled rabies in dogs. Where political willingness, biomedical infrastructure, and economic stability permit the sustained use of control measures (e.g. stray animal removal and mandatory parenteral vaccination), canine rabies has been significantly suppressed and even eliminated over large geographical areas. Examples include many island nations, most of North America, Europe, and increasingly in South America. Despite the effectiveness of such proven control techniques, however, their implementation in parts of Asia, Africa, and elsewhere has been limited, primarily because of a lack of dedicated resources and intersectoral cooperation, and also because of the burden of high-density populations of dogs. Implementation is often complicated by cultural and social factors, e.g. reluctance to cull apparently ownerless, nuisance animals that are suspected to have been exposed to rabies, partly on the basis of religious beliefs). Attempts to modify animal fertility (such as the encouragement of voluntary spay - neuter programmes or individual chemical contraception, and the extension of such actions to animals in the community) may provide ancillary support in line with other traditional methods of control of canine rabies. With the identification of complex situations in which wildlife rabies persists despite the elimination of canine rabies, e.g. in North America and Europe, cats can pose a significant public health risk requiring consideration of alternative approaches. In any model system, the threat of translocation of infected animals, unintentional or otherwise, provides a strong rationale for the creation of barriers to prevent reintroduction or exacerbation of the disease, and the maintenance of a minimum body of expertise related to surveillance, diagnosis, and the enactment of mitigating measures. While control activities have traditionally focused upon certain Carnivora species, bats represent another worldwide rabies reservoir. Indiscriminate killing of bats and destruction of roosts was once the norm, but such activities are not sanctioned by reputable organizations today. Even vampire bats, responsible for substantial effects on health and agricultural losses in the New World (Mexico to Argentina), should be targeted only by specific control applications, rather than by more widespread, unconventional, non-specific methodology. Bats should be excluded from human living quarters. Implementing measures to prevent bats from gaining access to homes should occur at an appropriate time when the bats are absent, especially to avoid sealing the non-flying young within a building. Although great progress has been made during the past four decades in the induction of herd immunity among free-ranging carnivores via oral vaccination against rabies, similar novel solutions have not been readily applied to bat populations. Given these challenges, new paradigm shifts are eagerly anticipated as additional biotechnological applications (including contraceptives and anticoagulants) are developed to deal with domestic animals and wildlife. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 24 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-8115-7 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2006 VL 125 BP 103 EP 111 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BEU36 UT WOS:000239529500014 PM 16878466 ER PT S AU Kuzmin, IV Botvinkin, AD Poleschuk, EM Orciari, LA Rupprecht, CE AF Kuzmin, I. V. Botvinkin, A. D. Poleschuk, E. M. Orciari, L. A. Rupprecht, C. E. BE Dodet, B Schudel, A Pastoret, PP Lombard, M TI Bat rabies surveillance in the Former Soviet Union SO First International Conference on Rabies in Europe SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Rabies in Europe CY JUN 15, 2005-JUN 18, 2006 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP World Org Anim Hlth ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LYSSAVIRUSES; VIRUSES AB More than 3,000 bats were examined for lyssaviruses in the territory of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) over the past 41 years (1964-2004). European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1) was registered in the Ukraine and the European part of Russia. Lyssaviruses Aravan (ARAV, Kyrgyzstan, 1991), Khujand (KHUV, Tajikistan, 2001), Irkut (IRKV, Irkutsk region, 2002) and West Caucasian Bat virus (WCBV, Krasnodar region, 2002) were proposed as new lyssavirus genotypes. All reports on rabies virus (RABV; serotype/genotype 1) isolation from bats to date are questionable and must be corroborated. Two human rabies cases of bat origin were registered in the town of Voroshilovgrad, the Ukraine (1977) and the town of Belgorod, Russia (1985). The second case was confirmed as EBLV-1, whereas the first case was not identified. At least five lyssaviruses, different from RABV and from each other, were recognized in the territory of the FSU, and their potential significance for veterinary and public health should not be underestimated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kuzmin, IV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-8115-7 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2006 VL 125 BP 273 EP 282 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BEU36 UT WOS:000239529500039 PM 16878485 ER PT S AU Franka, R Mojzis, M Kuzmin, I Villa, AV Yager, P Rupprecht, CE AF Franka, R. Mojzis, M. Kuzmin, I. Villa, A. Velasco Yager, P. Rupprecht, C. E. BE Dodet, B Schudel, A Pastoret, PP Lombard, M TI Molecular analysis of rabies virus circulating in terrestrial animals in the Slovak Republic SO First International Conference on Rabies in Europe SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Rabies in Europe CY JUN 15, 2005-JUN 18, 2006 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP World Org Anim Hlth C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Franka, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-8115-7 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2006 VL 125 BP 301 EP 301 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BEU36 UT WOS:000239529500043 ER PT J AU Gwinn, MR Battelli, L Wolfarth, M Leonard, SS Sargent, LM Hubbs, A Kashon, M Vallyathan, V AF Gwinn, Maureen R. Battelli, Lori Wolfarth, Michael Leonard, Stephen S. Sargent, Linda M. Hubbs, Ann Kashon, Michael Vallyathan, Val TI Silica carcinogenicity analysis in a susceptible mouse model SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 15-19, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 CDC, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2006 VL 41 SU 1 BP S108 EP S109 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 103OC UT WOS:000241895600296 ER PT J AU Shvedova, A Kisin, E Murray, A Schwegler-Berry, D Castranova, V Kagan, VE Tyurina, Y AF Shvedova, A. Kisin, E. Murray, A. Schwegler-Berry, D. Castranova, V. Kagan, V. E. Tyurina, Y. TI Carbon nanotube exposure caused induction of oxidative stress, pulmonary injury and fibrosis SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research-International CY AUG 15-19, 2006 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Soc Free Rad Res Int C1 NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. W Virginia Univ, Physiol & Pharmacol Dept, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Dept, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Free Rad & Antioxidant Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PY 2006 VL 40 SU 1 BP S114 EP S114 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 086EG UT WOS:000240656000318 ER PT J AU Lindegren, ML Hammett, T Bulterys, M AF Lindegren, Mary Lou Hammett, Teresa Bulterys, Marc BE Zeichner, SL Read, JS TI The epidemiology of pediatric HIV disease SO HANDBOOK OF PEDIATRIC HIV CARE, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RESOURCE-POOR COUNTRIES; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; INFECTED CHILDREN; CLINICAL-TRIAL C1 [Lindegren, Mary Lou] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hammett, Teresa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bulterys, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lindegren, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-52906-8 PY 2006 BP 78 EP 95 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511544781.004 D2 10.2277/ 0521529069 PG 18 WC Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA BXT47 UT WOS:000297022500004 ER PT J AU Havens, PL Dominguez, KL AF Havens, Peter L. Dominguez, Kenneth L. BE Zeichner, SL Read, JS TI HIV postexposure prophylaxis for pediatric patients SO HANDBOOK OF PEDIATRIC HIV CARE, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; RECENT SEXUAL EXPOSURE; INJECTION-DRUG USE; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; OCCUPATIONAL TRANSMISSION; CHILD TRANSMISSION C1 [Havens, Peter L.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Havens, Peter L.] MACC Fund Res Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Dominguez, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Havens, PL (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. NR 103 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-52906-8 PY 2006 BP 450 EP 470 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511544781.019 D2 10.2277/ 0521529069 PG 21 WC Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA BXT47 UT WOS:000297022500019 ER PT J AU Ong, K Wells, J Rubin, C Northstone, K Ness, A Golding, J Dunger, D AF Ong, Ken Wells, Jonathan Rubin, Carol Northstone, Kate Ness, Andy Golding, Jean Dunger, David TI Earlier mother's age at menarche predicts rapid infancy growth and childhood obesity SO HORMONE RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Paediat, MRC, Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge, England. Inst Child Hlth, MRC, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Community Based Med, Bristol, Avon, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Paediat, Cambridge, England. RI Northstone, Kate/A-8165-2011; Ness, Andy/M-7612-2013; Berryman, Katie/J-4236-2014 OI Northstone, Kate/0000-0002-0602-1983; Ness, Andy/0000-0003-3548-9523; NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0163 J9 HORM RES JI Horm. Res. PY 2006 VL 65 SU 4 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 071UY UT WOS:000239630600063 ER PT S AU Glass, RI Bresee, J Jiang, BM Parashar, U Yee, E Gentsch, J AF Glass, Roger I. Bresee, Joseph Jiang, Baoming Parashar, Umesh Yee, Eileen Gentsch, Jon BE Pollard, AJ Finn, A TI Rotavirus and rotavirus vaccines SO HOT TOPICS IN INFECTION AND IMMUNITY IN CHILDREN III SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Course on Infection and Immunity in Children 2005 CY JUN, 2005 CL St Catherines Coll Oxford, Oxford, ENGLAND HO St Catherines Coll Oxford ID INTUSSUSCEPTION; EFFICACY; SAFETY C1 CDC, Viral Gastroeneritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), CDC, Viral Gastroeneritis Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 0-387-31783-X J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2006 VL 582 BP 45 EP 54 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pediatrics GA BEM78 UT WOS:000238206400005 PM 16802618 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZY Todd, CW Wohlhueter, RM Price, A Xiao, L Schnake, P Bonner, PC Martin, AM Goldman, IF De La Vega, P Udhayakumar, V Lal, AA AF Zhou, Zhiyong Todd, Charles W. Wohlhueter, Robert M. Price, April Xiao, Lihua Schnake, Paul Bonner, Phillip Cullison Martin, Amy M. Goldman, Ira F. De La Vega, Patricia Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Lal, Altaf A. TI Development, characterization and immunogenicity of a multi-stage, multi-valent Plasmodium falciparum vaccine antigen (FALVAC-1A) expressed in Escherichia coli SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE malaria synthetic antigen; FALVAC-1A; purification; characterization; immunogenicity ID MALARIA CANDIDATE VACCINE; NONIMMUNE VOLUNTEERS; VIRUS ANKARA; DNA VACCINES; T-CELL; PROTEIN; EFFICACY; SAFETY; MULTIEPITOPE; RESPONSES AB A synthetic multistage, multi-epitope Plasmodium falciparum malaria antigen (FALVAC-1A) was designed and evaluated in silico, and then the gene was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The FALVAC-1A protein was purified by inclusion body isolation, followed by affinity and ion exchange chromatography. Although FALVAC-1A was a synthetic antigen, it folded to a specific, but as yet incompletely defined, molecular conformation that was stable and comparable from lot to lot. When formulated with four different adjuvants, FALVAC-1A was highly immunogenic in rabbits, inducing not only ELISA reactivity to the cognate antigen and most of its component epitopes, but also in vitro activity against P falciparum parasites as demonstrated by inhibition of sporozoite invasion, antibody dependent cellular inhibition and the immunofluorescence assay. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Zhou, ZY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zaz6@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI GEORGETOWN PA 810 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, GEORGETOWN, TX 78626 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 14 EP 23 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 132BL UT WOS:000243916900003 PM 17012909 ER PT J AU Dentinger, CM Hennessy, TW Bulkow, LR Reasonover, AL Romero-Steiner, S Holder, PF de Leon, PG Carlone, GM Parks, DJ Parkinson, AJ Singleton, RL Levine, OS Butler, JC AF Dentinger, Catherine M. Hennessy, Thomas W. Bulkow, Lisa R. Reasonover, Alisa L. Romero-Steiner, Sandra Holder, Patricia F. de Leon, Patricia Gomez Carlone, George M. Parks, Debra J. Parkinson, Alan J. Singleton, Rosalyn J. Levine, Orin S. Butler, Jay C. TI Immunogenicity and reactogenicity to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine among rural Alaska adults SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae; Hib; Hib vaccine; Alaska Natives ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; POLYSACCHARIDE; CARRIAGE; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; SAFETY; COLONIZATION; POPULATION; ANTIBODIES AB Background: Despite routine vaccination and declining disease rates, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) invasive disease still occurs in rural Alaska. Colonization studies indicate persistent transmission of Hib among village residents, including adults. As part of a project to eliminate Hib carriage in three rural villages, we evaluated a cohort of Alaska adults for antibody response and reactogenicity to a single dose of Hib conjugate vaccine (HbOC). Methods: Seventy-five previously unvaccinated, randomly-selected adults in one village received a single dose of HbOC vaccine and completed a side-effects diary. Sera and oropharyngeal specimens were collected at baseline, two months and one year. Results: No participants were colonized with Hib or reported serious side-effects. At baseline, 97% of adults had IgG anti-PRP concentrations >= 0.15 mu g/mL, 69% >= 1 mu g/mL, and 28% >= 5 mu g/mL. Two months post-vaccination, 100% of participants had concentrations >= 0.15 mu g/mL, 93% >= 1 mu g/mL, and 86% >= 5 mu g/mL. After 1 year, 98% had IgG anti-PRP concentrations >= 0.15 mu g/mL, 86% >= 1 mu g/mL, and 67% >= 5 mu g/mL. GMCs were 1.9, 33.3 and 8.4 mu g/mL at baseline, 2 months and 1 year post-vaccine, respectively (p < 0.01). Serum bactericidal activity increased from a baseline geometric mean titer of 2,205 to 8,349 two months post vaccination and declined to 1102 after one year. Conclusions: HbOC vaccine was immunogenic and well-tolerated among Alaskan adults. Nearly 90% of the adults developed an antibody level associated with protection against Hib colonization which persisted for 1 year in 67% of participants. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Sch Med, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Dentinger, CM (reprint author), Bur Communicable Dis, NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 125 Worth St,Room 225 Box 22A, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM CDentinger@cdc.gov OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI45249] NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI GEORGETOWN PA 810 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, GEORGETOWN, TX 78626 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 132BL UT WOS:000243916900004 PM 17012896 ER PT S AU Lynn, T Marano, N Treadwell, T Bokmac, B AF Lynn, Tracey Marano, Nina Treadwell, Tracee Bokmac, Bob BE Blouin, EF Maillard, JC TI Linking human and animal health surveillance for emerging diseases in the United States - Achievements and challenges SO IMPACT OF EMERGING ZOONOTIC DISEASES ON ANIMAL HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Biennial Conference of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2005 CL Hanoi, VIETNAM SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CIRAD, FAO, USDA, APHIS, USDA, ARS, Asian Dev Bank C1 USDA, APHIS Res Lab, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Surveillance, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Ctr Import & Export, Vet Serv, Riverdale, MA 20737 USA. RP Lynn, T (reprint author), USDA, APHIS Res Lab, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Surveillance, Nat Resources Res Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,MS 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Tracey.VLynn@aphis.usda.gov NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-637-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1081 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1196/annals.1373.011 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BFZ67 UT WOS:000245654200010 PM 17135499 ER PT S AU Cawley, JC Homce, GT AF Cawley, James C. Homce, Gerald T. GP IEEE TI Trends in elecrical injury, 1992-2002 SO INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY 53RD ANNUAL PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONFERENCE SE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference CY SEP 11-13, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Applicat Soc DE electriczl safety; electrocution; electrical injury; electrical bum; electrical shock; injury rate; fatality rate AB This paper updates an earlier report by the authors that studied electrical injuries from 1992 to 1998. The previous information is expanded and supplemented with fatal and nonfatal injury rates and trends through 2002. Injury numbers and rates were used to compare and trend electrical injury experience for various groups and categories. This information allowed identification (if at-risk groups that could most benefit from effective electrical safety interventions. The data presented in this paper are derived from the U.S. Labor Department's Bureau of Labor Statistics' Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), Survey of Occupational Illnesses and Injuries (SOII) and Current Population Survey (CPS). Between 1992 and 2002, 3,378 workers died from on-the-job electrical injuries. Electricity remained the sixth leading cause of injury-related occupational death. From 1999 through 2002, 4.7% of all occupational deaths were caused by electricity, down from 5.2% in the 1992 to 1998 time period. The cause of death was listed as electrocution in 99.1% of fatal cases. Contact with overhead power lines was involved in 42% of all on-the-job electrical deaths. The construction industry accounted for 47% of all electrical deaths between 1992 and 2002, but showed overall improvement from 1995 through 2002 by reducing its electrical fatality rate from 2.2 to 1.5 per 100,000 workers. An additional 46,598 workers were nonfatally injured by electricity. Contact with electric current of machine, tool, appliance, or light fixture and contact with wiring, transformers, or other electrical components accounted for 36% and 34% of nonfatal electrical injuries, respectively. Contact with underground, buried power lines was involved with 1% of fatal injuries and 2% of nonfatal injuries. NIOSH research aimed at evaluating commercially available overhead power line proximity warning alarms is described. This research is expected to be the initial step for eventual development of a performance standard for such systems. C1 [Cawley, James C.; Homce, Gerald T.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Cawley, JC (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM JCawley@cdc.gov; GHomce@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0090-3507 BN 978-1-4244-0558-9 J9 RECORD CONF PAP PETR PY 2006 BP 325 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BFT00 UT WOS:000244468800038 ER PT J AU Wassmer, SC Combes, V Candal, FJ Juhan-Vague, L Grau, GE AF Wassmer, SC Combes, V Candal, FJ Juhan-Vague, L Grau, GE TI Platelets potentiate brain endothelial alterations induced by Plasmodium falciparum SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; IN-VITRO MODEL; BLOOD-BRAIN; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTE; MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; MALAWIAN CHILDREN; TIGHT JUNCTIONS; CELL-JUNCTIONS AB Brain lesions of cerebral malaria (CM) are characterized by a sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized red blood cells (PRBC) and platelets within brain microvessels, as well as by blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. In the present study, we evaluated the possibility that PRBC and platelets induce functional alterations in brain endothelium. In a human brain endothelial cell line, named HBEC-5i, exhibiting most of the features demanded for a pathophysiological study of BBB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or lymphotoxin a (LT-alpha) reduced transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), enhanced the permeability to 70-kDa dextran, and increased the release of microparticles, a recently described indicator of disease severity in CM patients. In vitro cocultures showed that platelets or PRBC can have a direct cytotoxic effect on activated, but not on resting, HBEC-5i cells. Platelet binding was required, as platelet supernatant had no effect. Furthermore, platelets potentiated the cytotoxicity of PRBC for TNF- or LT-alpha-activated HBEC-5i cells when they were added prior to these cells on the endothelial monolayers. This effect was not observed when platelets were added after PRBC. Both permeability and TEER were strongly affected, and the apoptosis rate of HBEC-5i cells was dramatically increased. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which platelets can be deleterious to the brain endothelium during CM. C1 Univ Mediterranee, Fac Med, IFR 48, Lab Immunopathol,Unite Rickettsies,CNRS,UMR6020, F-13385 Marseille 05, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Mediterranee, Fac Med, IFR 125,INSERM,UMR 626, Lab Haematol & Haemostasis Fibrinolysis & Vasc Pa, F-13385 Marseille 05, France. RP Grau, GE (reprint author), Univ Mediterranee, Fac Med, IFR 48, Lab Immunopathol,Unite Rickettsies,CNRS,UMR6020, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, F-13385 Marseille 05, France. EM georges.grau@medecine.univ-mrs.fr RI Grau, Georges/D-7690-2014; OI Grau, Georges/0000-0002-0442-0462; Combes, Valery/0000-0003-2178-3596 NR 78 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 645 EP 653 DI 10.1128/IAI.74.1.645-653.2006 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 997VH UT WOS:000234276400069 PM 16369021 ER PT J AU Warren, DK Yokoe, DS Climo, MW Herwaldt, LA Noskin, GA Zuccotti, G Tokars, JI Perl, TM Fraser, VJ AF Warren, David K. Yokoe, Deborah S. Climo, Michael W. Herwaldt, Loreen A. Noskin, Gary A. Zuccotti, Gianna Tokars, Jerome I. Perl, Trish M. Fraser, Victoria J. TI Preventing catheter-associated bloodstream infections: a survey of policies for insertion and care of central venous catheters from hospitals in the prevention epicenter program SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY-ARTERY CATHETERS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; REPLACEMENT; UNITS; GUIDELINES; PHYSICIANS; BEHAVIOR; GAUZE; SITE AB Objective. To determine the extent to which evidence-based practices for the prevention of central venous catheter (CVC) -associated bloodstream infections are incorporated into the policies and practices of academic intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States and to determine variations in the policies on CVC insertion, use, and care. Design. A 9-page written survey of practices and policies for nontunneled CVC insertion and care. Setting. ICUs in 10 academic tertiary-care hospitals. Participants. ICU medical directors and nurse managers. Results. Twenty-five ICUs were surveyed (1-6 ICUs per hospital). In 80% of the units, 5 separate groups of clinicians inserted 24%-50% of all nontunneled CVCs. In 56% of the units, placement of more than two-thirds of nontunneled CVCs was performed in a single location in the hospital. Twenty units (80%) had written policies for CVC insertion. Twenty-eight percent of units had a policy requiring maximal sterile-barrier precautions when CVCs were placed, and 52% of the units had formal educational programs with regard to CVC insertion. Eighty percent of the units had a policy requiring staff to perform hand hygiene before inserting CVCs, but only 36% and 60% of the units required hand hygiene before accessing a CVC and treating the exit site, respectively. Conclusion. ICU policy regarding the insertion and care of CVCs varies considerably from hospital to hospital. ICUs may be able to improve patient outcome if evidence-based guidelines for CVC insertion and care are implemented. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. McGuire Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Iowa City, IA USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Warren, DK (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Campus Box 8051,660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM dwarren@im.wustl.edu OI Warren, David/0000-0001-8679-8241 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI050585-01A1]; PHS HHS [UR8/CCU15081, UR8/CCU315092, UR8/CCU715087-03, UR8/CCU115079, UR8/CCU715091, CCU215090, UR8/CCU315346] NR 26 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1086/499151 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 204HU UT WOS:000249035400003 PM 16418980 ER PT J AU Braun, BI Kritchevsky, SB Kusek, L Wong, ES Solomon, SL Steele, L Richards, CL Gaynes, RP Simmons, B AF Braun, Barbara I. Kritchevsky, Stephen B. Kusek, Linda Wong, Edward S. Solomon, Steven L. Steele, Lynn Richards, Cheryl L. Gaynes, Robert P. Simmons, Bryan CA EPIC Study Grp TI Comparing bloodstream infection rates: The effect of indicator specifications in the evaluation of processes and indicators in infection control (EPIC) study SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY-OF-AMERICA; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; ADMINISTRATIVE DATA; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY; QUALITY; IMPACT; PERFORMANCE; HOSPITALS AB Objective. Bloodstream infection (BSI) rates are used as comparative clinical performance indicators; however, variations in definitions and data-collection approaches make it difficult to compare and interpret rates. To determine the extent to which variation in indicator specifications affected infection rates and hospital performance rankings, we compared absolute rates and relative rankings of hospitals across 5 BSI indicators. Design. Multicenter observational study. BSI rate specifications varied by data source (clinical data, administrative data, or both), scope (hospital wide or intensive care unit specific), and inclusion/ exclusion criteria. As appropriate, hospital-specific infection rates and rankings were calculated by processing data from each site according to 2-5 different specifications. Setting. A total of 28 hospitals participating in the EPIC study. Participants. Hospitals submitted deidentified information about all patients with BSIs from January through September 1999. Results. Median BSI rates for 2 indicators based on intensive care unit surveillance data ranged from 2.23 to 2.91 BSIs per 1000 central-line days. In contrast, median rates for indicators based on administrative data varied from 0.046 to 7.03 BSIs per 100 patients. Hospital-specific rates and rankings varied substantially as different specifications were applied; the rates of 8 of 10 hospitals were both greater than and less than the mean. Correlations of hospital rankings among indicator pairs were generally low, except when both indicators r(s) = 0-0.45 were based on intensive care unit surveillance (r(s) = 0.83) Conclusions. Although BSI rates seem to be a logical indicator of clinical performance, the use of various indicator specifications can produce remarkably different judgments of absolute and relative performance for a given hospital. Recent national initiatives continue to mix methods for specifying BSI rates; this practice is likely to limit the usefulness of such information for comparing and improving performance. C1 Joint Commiss Accreditat Healthcare Org, Okbrok, IL 60181 USA. Joint Comm Accredit Healthcare Org, Div Res, Oak Brook Terrace, IL USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, J Paul Sticht Ctr Aging, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. McGuire Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Coll Med, Infect Dis Sect, Richmond, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Braun, BI (reprint author), Joint Commiss Accreditat Healthcare Org, 1 Renaissance Blvd, Okbrok, IL 60181 USA. EM bbraun@jcaho.org NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1086/498966 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 204HU UT WOS:000249035400004 PM 16418981 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, A Karchmer, T Richards, A Song, X Perl, TM AF Srinivasan, Arjun Karchmer, Tobi Richards, Ann Song, Xiaoyan Perl, Trish M. TI A prospective trial of a novel, silicone-based, silver-coated Foley catheter for the prevention of nosocomial urinary tract infections SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; BACTERIURIA; HYDROGEL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; METAANALYSIS; DRAINAGE; EFFICACY AB Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of silicone- based, silver ion- impregnated urinary catheters in the prevention of nosocomial urinary tract infections (NUTIs). Design. Prospective, crossover study to compare the efficacy of a silicone- based, hydrogel- coated, silver- impregnated Foley catheter with that of a silicone- based, hydrogel- coated catheter in the prevention of NUTIs. Setting. Adult medical and surgical wards of a university teaching hospital. Results. A total of 3,036 patients with catheters were evaluated; 1,165 (38%) of the catheters were silver impregnated, and 1,871 (62%) were not silver impregnated. Study groups were not identical; there were more men, a shorter duration of catheterization, and fewer urine cultures per 1,000 catheter- days in the silver catheter group. The rate of NUTIs per 1,000 Foley- days was 14.29 in the silver catheter group, compared with 16.15 in the nonsilver catheter group (incidence rate ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.70- 1.11; P = .29). The median length of catheterization prior to the onset of a urinary tract infection (ie, exposure time) was 4 days for each group. There were no differences in the recovery of gram- positive, gram- negative, or fungal organisms in NUTIs. In a multivariate survival analysis, no factors, including silver catheters, were protective against NUTI. Conclusions. Unlike previous trials of latex-based, silver ion-impregnated Foley catheters, we found that silicone-based, silver-impregnated Foley catheters were not effective in preventing NUTIs; however, this study was affected by differences in the study groups. Prospective trials remain important in assessing the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of new silver-coated products. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Control, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM asrinivasan@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 17 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1086/499998 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 204HU UT WOS:000249035400008 PM 16418985 ER PT J AU Marcet, PL Lehmann, T Groner, G Gurtler, RE Kitron, U Dotson, EM AF Marcet, PL Lehmann, T Groner, G Gurtler, RE Kitron, U Dotson, EM TI Identification and characterization of microsatellite markers in the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans (Heteroptera : Reduviidae) SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Chagas disease; triatoma infestans; microsatellites; reinfestation ID RURAL NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HEMIPTERA; REINFESTATION; DELTAMETHRIN; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; LOCI AB Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Chagas disease in the southern cone countries, is the principal target of a regional elimination program. A better understanding of its dispersal, sources of reinfestation, and insecticide resistance is key to an effective control program. To address such problems, we identified and characterized 13 microsatellite loci of T infestans. For each locus, primer sequences and PCR conditions are presented. Allele variability and frequency were analyzed in 59 T infestans specimens from different rural communities in northwestern Argentina; nine loci were considered suitable for population genetic studies. Departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was detected in 10/13 loci with F-1S values ranging from 0.04 to 0.9 1, indicating heterozygote deficit and a possible grade of sub-structure in the sample analyzed. Presence of null alleles in some loci cannot be discarded. The present work provides a promising tool to develop a population genetic study of natural populations of T infestans in tandem with field studies and analyses of bug dispersal and the reinfestation process. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Lab Ecoepidemiol, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Dotson, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM edotson@cdc.gov RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; OI Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020 FU FIC NIH HHS [R01 TW005836, R01 TW05836] NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2005.01.002 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 023JD UT WOS:000236122000004 PM 16376838 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Blanck, HM Gillespie, C AF Kruger, Judy Blanck, Heidi Michels Gillespie, Cathleen TI Dietary and physical activity behaviors among adults successful at weight loss maintenance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Article AB Background: There is limited population-based data on behavioral factors found to be important for successful weight loss maintenance among adults. Methods: Data from the 2004 Styles surveys, mailed to U.S. adults aged >= 18 years were used to examine the difference in selected weight loss strategies and attitudes among persons who reported successful weight loss attempts (lost weight and able to keep it off) and persons who were not successful (previous attempts to lose weight were unsuccessful or they could not keep the lost weight off). Behaviors examined included modification of diet, leisure-time and sports activities, and self-monitoring, and barriers to weight management. Results: Among adults who reported losing weight or trying to lose weight, 31.0% had been successful at both losing weight and maintenance after weight loss. Successful weight loss status differed by sex, age, and current weight status. Assessment of reported weight loss strategies, found that exercising >= 30 minutes/day and adding physical activity to daily life were significantly higher among successful versus unsuccessful weight losers. Individuals who were successful at weight loss and maintenance were less likely to use over-the-counter diet products than those who were unsuccessful at weight loss. Significantly more successful versus unsuccessful weight losers reported that on most days of the week they planned meals (35.9% vs. 24.9%), tracked calories (17.7% vs. 8.8%), tracked fat (16.4% vs. 6.6%), and measured food on plate (15.9% vs. 6.7%). Successful losers were also more likely to weigh themselves daily (20.3% vs. 11.0%). There were a significantly higher proportion of successful losers who reported lifting weights (19.0%) versus unsuccessful (10.9%). The odds of being a successful weight loser were 48%-76% lower for those reporting exercise weight control barriers were influencing factors (e.g., no time, too tired to exercise, no one to exercise with, too hard to maintain exercise routine) compared to those who reported little or no influence of exercise; similarly, the odds were 48-64% lower for those who found certain dietary barriers to be influential (e.g., eat away from home too often, diet/health food costs too much). Conclusion: Self-monitoring strategies such as weighing oneself, planning meals, tracking fat and calories, exercising 30 or more minutes daily, and/or adding physical activity to daily routine may be important in successful weight loss maintenance. Leisure-time activities such as lifting weights or cooking/baking for fun are common strategies reported by those who were successful weight losers. C1 [Kruger, Judy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Blanck, Heidi Michels; Gillespie, Cathleen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jkruger@cdc.gov; hblanck@cdc.gov; cgillespie@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1479-5868 J9 INT J BEHAV NUTR PHY JI Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. PY 2006 VL 3 AR 17 DI 10.1186/1479-5868-3-17 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA V44TZ UT WOS:000209772600017 PM 16854220 ER PT J AU Carreon, T Ruder, AM Schulte, PA Hayes, RB Rothman, N Waters, M Grant, DJ Boissy, R Bells, DA Kadlubar, FF Hemstreet, GP Yin, S Lemasters, GK AF Carreon, T Ruder, AM Schulte, PA Hayes, RB Rothman, N Waters, M Grant, DJ Boissy, R Bells, DA Kadlubar, FF Hemstreet, GP Yin, S Lemasters, GK TI NAT2 slow acetylation and bladder cancer in workers exposed to benzidine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE bladder cancer; benzidine; arylamine N-acetyltransferase; glutathione S-transferase; case-control study ID N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; AROMATIC-AMINES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; URINARY METABOLITES; OCCUPATIONAL-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; DNA-ADDUCTS; HUMAN LIVER; PHENOTYPE AB This study expands a previous study of NAT2 polymorphisms and bladder cancer in male subjects occupationally exposed only to benzidine. The combined analysis of 68 cases and 107 controls from a cohort of production workers in China exposed to benzidine included 30 new cases and 67 controls not previously studied. NAT2 enzymatic activity phenotype was characterized by measuring urinary caffeine metabolite ratios. PCR-based methods identified genotypes for NAT2, NAT1 and GSTM1. NAT2 phenotype and genotype data were consistent. A protective association was observed for the slow NAT2 genotype (bladder cancer OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1 = 1.0) after adjustment for cumulative benzidine exposure and lifetime smoking. Individuals carrying NAT1wt/*10 and NAT1*10/*10 showed higher relative risks of bladder cancer (OR = 2.8,95% CI = 0.8-10.1 and OR = 2.2,95% CI = 0.6-8.3, respectively). No association was found between GSTM1 null and bladder cancer. A metaanalysis risk estimate of case-control studies of NAT2 acetylation and bladder cancer in Asian populations without occupational arylamine exposures showed an increased risk for slow acetylators. The lower limit of the confidence interval (OR = 1.4; 95% 11 = 1.0-2.0) approximated the upper confidence interval for the estimate obtained in our analysis. These results support the earlier finding of a protective association between slow acetylation and bladder cancer in benzidine-exposed workers, in contrast to its established link as a risk factor for bladder cancer in people exposed to 2-naphthylamine and 4-aminobiphenyl. Study findings suggest the existence of key differences in the metabolism of mono- and diarylamines. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance, Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Gen Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Pharmacogen & Mol Epidemiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Dept Toxicol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Carreon, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance, Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkway,Mailstop R-16, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM carreota@ucmail.uc.edu RI Carreon, Tania/A-6548-2008; Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012; OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664; Hayes, Richard/0000-0002-0918-661X NR 62 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1002/ijc.21308 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985KJ UT WOS:000233376000021 PM 16003747 ER PT J AU Tsai, J Kaye, WE Bove, FJ AF Tsai, J Kaye, WE Bove, FJ TI Wilms' tumor and exposures to residential and occupational hazardous chemicals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Wilms' tumor; nephroblastoma; childhood kidney cancer; proximity; distance; hazardous chemicals; geographic information system; occupational exposure; environmental exposure; risk factors ID CHILDHOOD-CANCER; ANIRIDIA-HEMIHYPERTROPHY; PATERNAL OCCUPATION; RISK-FACTORS; FATHERS; ASSOCIATION; CHILDREN; PARENTS AB This case-control study examines the association between residential and occupational exposures to hazardous chemicals and the risk of Wilms' tumor. The study included 303 cases recruited from six state cancer registries, who were diagnosed between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 1995. A total of 575 controls selected through random digit dialing were frequency matched to the cases. A standard questionnaire was administered to participants during a telephone interview. Parental residential addresses and locations of US Environmental Protection Agency National Priority List (NPL) sites were geocoded and analyzed, along with occupational exposure information. There were no cases of Wilms' tumor found in individuals living within one-half mile distance of a hazardous waste site. However, elevated odds ratios were found for using hairdressing chemicals, motor oil, paint, paint stripper, and pesticides during the pregnancy term and during the 2-year period prior to birth. The findings do not support the hypothesis that Wilms' tumor is associated with residing near an NPL site. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 CDC, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tsai, J (reprint author), CDC, ATSDR, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jxt9@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 209 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.09.003 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 010XU UT WOS:000235232100006 PM 16373202 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Mott, J Ferdinands, JM Camargo, CA Friedman, M Greves, HM Redd, SC AF Mannino, DM Mott, J Ferdinands, JM Camargo, CA Friedman, M Greves, HM Redd, SC TI Boys with high body masses have an increased risk of developing asthma: findings from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE asthma; body mass index; children ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; SWEDISH TEENAGERS; WEIGHT-GAIN; OBESITY; CHILDREN; INDEX; ASSOCIATION; ADULTS; POPULATION; OVERWEIGHT AB Objective: To determine the relation between body mass index and the development of asthma in children. Design: Prospective study of 4393 asthma-free children followed for up to 14 years. Setting: Children of participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Methods: Analysis was limited to children who were followed from birth and were asthma-free during the first 24 months of life. The outcome was the development of asthma during follow-up (incident asthma). Body mass index (BMI) was our main predictor of interest. Survival analyses, using time to development of asthma as the main endpoint, were stratified by sex and controlled for race/ethnicity, poverty status, and prenatal maternal smoking. Results: Asthma developed in 218 (5.0%) children during the follow-up period. The relation between BMI and incident asthma varied by sex. A BMI >= 85th percentile at age 2-3 years was a risk factor for subsequent asthma development in boys ( hazard ratio (HR) 1.6 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1, 2.4) but not girls (HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5, 1.4). Similarly, boys with BMIs always >= 85th percentile were at increased risk for subsequent asthma development ( HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4, 4.4) but not girls (HR 1.5, 95% CI 0.7, 2.9). Conclusion: Boys with high body masses may be at an increased risk for developing asthma. C1 Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, EMNet Coordinating Ctr, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, 740 S Limestone,K 528, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM dmannino@uky.edu OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 43 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803145 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 992SQ UT WOS:000233904700003 PM 16344843 ER PT J AU Thompson, OM Ballew, C Resnicow, K Gillespie, C Must, A Bandini, LG Cyr, H Dietz, WH AF Thompson, OM Ballew, C Resnicow, K Gillespie, C Must, A Bandini, LG Cyr, H Dietz, WH TI Dietary pattern as a predictor of change in BMI z-score among girls SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE dietary pattern; BMI; overweight; child; adolescent ID BODY-MASS INDEX; FOOD-INTAKE; EATING ATTITUDES; WEIGHT; OBESITY; ADOLESCENTS; FREQUENCY; BEHAVIORS; CHILDREN AB Objectives: To describe child and adolescent dietary patterns and to determine associations between childhood dietary pattern and longitudinal change in body mass index (BMI) z-score among girls. Population and methods: Healthy girls (n = 101) aged 8-12 years at baseline and 11-19 years at follow-up participated in a longitudinal study of growth and development. Participants kept 7-day dietary records at two points in time. We incorporated time of day, frequency, and amount of energy consumed (defined as percentage of total energy consumed per dietary event) when characterizing dietary patterns. Results: Girls ate an average of 4-5 times per day and consumed most energy in the afternoon and in the evening/ night, rather than in the morning. After controlling for baseline BMI, the mean percentage of daily energy consumed in the evening/ night was positively associated with change in BMI z- score ( P = 0.039). Eating between 4.0 and 5.9 times per day overall and no more than 1.9 times in the evening/ night daily were negatively associated with change in BMI z- score ( P = 0.002 and 0.047, respectively), after controlling for baseline BMI z- score. Discussion: Recommendations to decrease the percentage of energy coming from the evening/ night meal and the number of dietary events to no more than six times per day and two times in the evening/ night should be evaluated in future longitudinal investigations. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Nutr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Alaska Nat Epidemiol Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. UMASS Med Sch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA USA. MIT, Clin Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Thompson, OM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Nutr Sci, 305 Raitt Hall,Box 353410, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM omt@u.washington.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00088, M01-RR-01066]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5P30-DK-46200, P30 DK046200, R01-DK50537] NR 20 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1 BP 176 EP 182 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803072 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 992SQ UT WOS:000233904700027 PM 16158084 ER PT J AU Bang, KM Pinheiro, GA Wood, JM Syamlal, G AF Bang, KM Pinheiro, GA Wood, JM Syamlal, G TI Malignant mesothelioma mortality in the United States, 1999-2001 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE mesothelioma; mortality; occupations; industries ID PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA; GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS; ASBESTOS EXPOSURE; WORKERS; SURVEILLANCE; INDUSTRY; TRENDS AB Malignant mesothelioma is strongly associated with asbestos exposure. This paper describes demographic, geographic, and occupational distributions of mesothelioma mortality in the United States, 1999-2001. The data (eta = 7,524) were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics multiple-cause-of-death records. Mortality rates (per million per year) were age-adjusted to title 2000 U.S. standard population, and proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were calculated by occupation and industry; and adjusted for age, sex, and race. The overall age-adjusted mortality Late was 11.52, with males (22.34) showing a sixfold higher rate than females (3.947). Geographic distribution of mesothelioma mortality is predominantly coastal. Occupations with significantly elevated PMRs included plumbers/pipefitters and mechanical engineers. Industries with significantly elevated PMRs included ship and boat building and repairing, and industrial and miscellaneous chemicals. These surveillance findings call be useful in generating hypotheses and developing strategies to prevent mesothelioma. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Bang, KM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 012FO UT WOS:000235323800002 PM 16523977 ER PT J AU Aral, S AF Aral, Sevgi TI Unintended consequences of sexually transmitted disease/HIV interventions including disinhibition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PY 2006 VL 17 SU 1 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106UZ UT WOS:000242128800020 ER PT J AU Hadgu, A Kiros, GE Sternberg, M AF Hadgu, A. Kiros, G. E. Sternberg, M. TI Female genital circumcision and the risk of HIV infection among the Kikuyu people of Kenya: a propensity scores analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida A&M Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PY 2006 VL 17 SU 1 BP 25 EP 25 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106UZ UT WOS:000242128800081 ER PT J AU Papp, J Ahrens, K Philips, C Farshy, C Kent, CK Klausner, JD AF Papp, J. Ahrens, K. Philips, C. Farshy, C. Kent, C. K. Klausner, J. D. TI The performance of oral-throat rinses as a novel approach to detect pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, LRRB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. DPH, STD, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PY 2006 VL 17 SU 1 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106UZ UT WOS:000242128800089 ER PT J AU Hadgu, A Dendukuri, N Joergen, H AF Hadgu, A. Dendukuri, N. Joergen, H. TI Evaluation of nucleic acid amplification tests in the absence of a perfect gold standard test: a review and an application SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biostat, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PY 2006 VL 17 SU 1 MA P032 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106UZ UT WOS:000242128800138 ER PT J AU Berman, SM Marrazzo, J AF Berman, S. M. Marrazzo, J. TI Male screening for chlamydia: challenges in assessing role and contribution SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PY 2006 VL 17 SU 1 MA P036 BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106UZ UT WOS:000242128800142 ER PT J AU Unemo, M Savicheva, A Sokolovsky, E Frigo, N Priputnevich, T Ballard, R Hallen, A Domeika, M AF Unemo, M. Savicheva, A. Sokolovsky, E. Frigo, N. Priputnevich, T. Ballard, R. Hallen, A. Domeika, M. CA SRHR TI Optimization, standardization and quality assurance of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae laboratory diagnosis in eastern European countries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, Uppsala, Sweden. Pavlov State Med Univ, Dept Derm Venereol, St Petersburg, Russia. Cent Inst Skin & Venereal Dis, Microbiol Lab, Moscow, Russia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, STI Dept, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Uppsala, Dept Med Sci, S-75105 Uppsala, Sweden. RTI Diagnost Grp, Uppsala, Sweden. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PY 2006 VL 17 SU 1 BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106UZ UT WOS:000242128800228 ER PT S AU Avchen, RN Bhasin, TK Braun, KV Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Avchen, Rachel Nonkin Bhasin, Tanya Karapurkar Braun, Kim Van Naarden Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn BE Urbano, RC Hodapp, RM TI Public health impact: Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION, VOL 33: DEVELOPMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES SE International Review of Research in Mental Retardation LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHILDHOOD VISION IMPAIRMENT; MAGNESIUM-SULFATE EXPOSURE; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MENTAL-RETARDATION; 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; CEREBRAL-PALSY; DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY; RUBELLA VACCINE; RISK-FACTORS; AUTISM C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Avchen, RN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0074-7750 BN 978-0-12-366233-0 J9 INT REV RES MENT RET JI Int. Rev. Res. Ment. Retard. PY 2006 VL 33 BP 149 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0074-7750(06)33007-8 PG 42 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA BFR31 UT WOS:000243971700007 ER PT J AU Rasch, EK Altman, BM Madans, JH AF Rasch, Elizabeth K. Altman, Barbara M. Madans, Jennifer H. BE Altman, BM Barnartt, SN TI THE IMPACT OF ASSISTIVE DEVICE USE ON DISABILITY MEASUREMENT SO INTERNATIONAL VIEWS ON DISABILITY MEASURES: MOVING TOWARD COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENT SE Research in Social Science and Disability LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ASSISTANCE; PEOPLE AB National estimates of persons with disability are of great importance since they inform policy and program development. However, accurate estimation depends on accurate measurement, and disability measurement is still evolving. Using data from the 1994-1995 National Health Interview Survey and Disability Supplement, this study examines the relationship between functional and activity limitations and equipment use in order to characterize the influence of environmental factors on disability measurement. Our findings highlight the challenging methodologic issues related to measuring a concept of disability that reflects person-environment interactions. C1 [Rasch, Elizabeth K.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rasch, Elizabeth K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys Therapy & Rehabil Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rasch, EK (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7623-1282-5 J9 RES SOC SCI DISABIL PY 2006 VL 4 BP 247 EP 262 DI 10.1016/S1479-3547(05)04013-3 PG 16 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BOH77 UT WOS:000276676800013 ER PT J AU Altman, BM Rasch, EK Madans, JH AF Altman, Barbara M. Rasch, Elizabeth K. Madans, Jennifer H. BE Altman, BM Barnartt, SN TI DISABILITY MEASUREMENT MATRIX: A TOOL FOR THE COORDINATION OF MEASUREMENT PURPOSE AND INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT SO INTERNATIONAL VIEWS ON DISABILITY MEASURES: MOVING TOWARD COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENT SE Research in Social Science and Disability LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The multidimensionality of the concept of disability makes the development of questions to measure the concept very complicated. In addition, the purposes of data collection can require a variety of different dimensions of the concept of disability to meet the variety of data uses. This paper proposes a data matrix for use in focusing the methodologist on the issues related to the multidimensionality of the concept and the variety of data needs when planning surveys. Discussions of the three components of the matrix, purpose, conceptual domains and question characteristics, provides the reader with an understanding of the elements of this tool. Multiple tables provide examples of the possible uses of the matrix. C1 [Altman, Barbara M.; Rasch, Elizabeth K.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rasch, Elizabeth K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys Therapy & Rehabil Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Altman, Barbara M.] Washington Grp, Washington, DC USA. RP Altman, BM (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7623-1282-5 J9 RES SOC SCI DISABIL PY 2006 VL 4 BP 263 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S1479-3547(05)04014-5 PG 22 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BOH77 UT WOS:000276676800014 ER PT J AU Pappas, RS Paschal, DC AF Pappas, RS Paschal, DC TI Simple changes improve sample throughput for determination of low concentration uranium isotope ratios in small volumes of urine SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB An increase in the solid phase extraction column wash volume, change of internal standard, magnet mass, and use of an instrumental mass offset has permitted the elimination of digestion and cutting the sample preparation time of the previously published method in half (50 min) without cost to U-235/U-238 ratio accuracy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pappas, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 360 EP 361 DI 10.1039/b514040d PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 021NP UT WOS:000235990200016 ER PT J AU Kirwan, JP Gould, TA Schweizer, HP Bearden, SW Murphy, RC Churchill, MEA AF Kirwan, JP Gould, TA Schweizer, HP Bearden, SW Murphy, RC Churchill, MEA TI Quorum-sensing signal synthesis by the Yersinia pestis acyl-homoserine lactone synthase YspI SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N-ACYLHOMOSERINE LACTONES; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; AUTOINDUCER; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; EXPRESSION; STEWARTII; MOLECULES; CHAIN AB The acyl-homoserine lactone molecular species (AHLs) produced by the Yersinia pestis AHL synthase YspI were identified by biochemical and physical/chemical techniques. Bioassays of extracts from culture supernatants of the recombinant YspI and wild-type Yersinia pestis showed similar profiles of AHLs. Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that the predominant AHLs were N-3-oxooctanoyi-L-homoserine lactone and N-3-oxo-hexanOyl-L-homoserine lactone. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Program Biomol Struct, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Churchill, MEA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Program Biomol Struct, POB 8511,MS8303, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM mair.churchill@uchsc.edu RI Churchill, Mair/C-5549-2014 OI Churchill, Mair/0000-0003-0862-235X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI48660, R01 AI048660, R01 AI048660-01A1, R01 AI048660-02, R01 AI048660-03, R01 AI048660-04, R01 AI048660-05]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM69338, U54 GM069338] NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 188 IS 2 BP 784 EP 788 DI 10.1128/JB.188.2.784-788.2006 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 003JH UT WOS:000234677400044 PM 16385067 ER PT J AU Bi, YY Lin, GX Millecchia, L Ma, Q AF Bi, YY Lin, GX Millecchia, L Ma, Q TI Superinduction of metallothionein I by inhibition of protein synthesis: Role of a labile repressor in MTF-1 mediated gene transcription SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE superinduction; cycloheximide; transcription; repression; MTF-1; MT-1 ID METAL-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION CASCADES; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN-INDUCED DEGRADATION; HEAVY-METALS; FACTOR-1; RECEPTOR; ZINC; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; MOUSE AB Induction of metallothioneins (MTs) through the metal-activated transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) provides a model response for analyzing transcriptional gene regulation by heavy metals. Here, we report inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide (CHX) increases induction of Mt1 by approximately five-fold, a phenomenon designated as "superinduction." Characterization of superinduction revealed it is time- and concentration-dependent of CHX, requires the presence of an MTF-1 activator, and occurs at a transcriptional level, suggesting a labile repressor in the control of Mt1 induction. Genetic analyses using Mtf1. null cells and a metal response element (MRE)-driven reporter construct showed that superinduction of Mt1 is mediated through MTF-1 and MRE-dependent transcription. Analyses of intracellular zinc content by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging demonstrated that treatment with CHX alone or CHX plus an inducer does not increase the total zinc accumulation or the concentration of free zinc in cells under the conditions in which superinduction occurs. Moreover, superinduction was observed in cells cultured in a zinc-depleted medium, suggesting that superinduction does not involve elevation of intracellular zinc concentration. Northern blotting showed that Cd, CHX, or Cd + CHX does not affect the expression of the mRNA of MTF-1. Immunoblotting using antibodies specific for MTF-1 demonstrated that Cd induces a down-regulation of the MTF-1 protein, whereas cotreatment with Cd and CHX blocked the Cd-induced degradation of MTF-1. The findings reveal a new mechanistic aspect of the superinduction of Mt1, in which a labile repressor negatively controls agonist-induced turnover of the MTF-1 protein. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Receptor Biol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Wuhan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Receptor Biol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM qam1@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1002/jbt.20116 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 033FB UT WOS:000236831000001 PM 16615093 ER PT J AU Dong, RG Welcome, DE McDowell, TW Wu, JZ Schopper, AW AF Dong, Ren G. Welcome, Daniel E. McDowell, Thomas W. Wu, John Z. Schopper, Aaron W. TI Frequency weighting derived from power absorption of fingers-hand-arm system under z(h)-axis vibration SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE hand-transmitted vibration; hand-arm vibration; energy absorption; frequency weighting; vibration-induced white finger ID INDUCED WHITE FINGER; TRANSMITTED VIBRATION; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; TOOLS; MAGNITUDE; WORKERS; BONE AB The objectives of this study are to derive the frequency weighting from three vibration power absorption (VPA) methods (finger VPA, palm VPA, and total or hand VPA), and to explore whether these energy methods are better than the currently accepted acceleration method. To calculate the VPA weightings, the mechanical impedance of eight subjects exposed to a broadband random vibration spectrum in the z(h)-axis using 18 combinations of hand couplings and applied forces was measured. The VPA weightings were compared with the frequency weighting specified in ISO 5349-1 [2001. Mechanical Vibration-Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Hand-Transmitted Vibration-Part 1: General Requirements. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland]. This study found that the hand and palm VPA weightings are very similar to the ISO weighting but the finger VPA weighting for the combined grip and push action is much higher than the ISO weighting at frequencies higher than 25 Hz. Therefore, this study predicted that the total power absorption of the entire hand-arm system is likely to be correlated with psychophysical response or subjective sensation. However, if the ISO weighting method cannot yield good predictions of the vibration-induced disorders in the fingers and hand, the hand and palm energy methods are unlikely to yield significantly better predictions. The finger VPA is a vibration measure between unweighted and ISO weighted accelerations. The palm VPA method may have some value for studying the disorders in the wrist arm system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIOSH, Engn & Control Technol Branch, HELD, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Dong, RG (reprint author), NIOSH, Engn & Control Technol Branch, HELD, CDC, MS L-2027,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM rkd6@cdc.gov OI McDowell, Thomas/0000-0002-2416-2210 NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PY 2006 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2311 EP 2324 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.07.028 PG 14 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 084KH UT WOS:000240531300017 PM 16154576 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ Krajnak, K Welcome, DE Dong, RG AF Wu, J. Z. Krajnak, K. Welcome, D. E. Dong, R. G. TI Analysis of the dynamic strains in a fingertip exposed to vibrations: Correlation to the mechanical stimuli on mechanoreceptors SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE finite element model; soft tissue mechanics; fingertip; mechanoreceptor; vibration ID HAND-TRANSMITTED VIBRATION; ARM VIBRATION; TISSUES; THRESHOLDS; SYSTEM; SKIN AB The reduction in vibrotactile sensitivity in the fingertip is assumed to be associated with the exposure of the tissues to repetitive, non-physiological strains during dynamic loading. Experimental results demonstrated that the magnitude of a vibration-induced temporary threshold shift is dependent upon the vibration frequency of both the exposure and testing stimuli. In the present study, the frequency-dependent strain imposed on cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues of the fingertip is analyzed theoretically using a finite element model. The proposed fingertip model is two-dimensional and includes major anatomical substructures: skin, subcutaneous tissue, bone, and nail. The soft tissues (skin and subcutaneous tissues) were assumed to be nonlinearly elastic and viscoclastic, while the bone and nail were considered as linearly elastic. Simulations were performed for the contact between the fingertip and a flat surface for four different pre-compressions (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm). The frequency-dependent distributions of the dynamic strain magnitudes in the soft tissues were investigated. The model predictions indicated that the vibration exposure at a frequency range from 63 to 250 Hz will induce excessive dynamic strain in the deep zone of the finger tissues, effectively inhibiting the high-frequency mechanoreceptors; while the vibration exposure at low frequency (less than 31.5 Hz) tends to induce excessive dynamic strain in superficial layer in the tissues, inhibiting the low-frequency mechanoreceptors. These theoretical predictions are consistent with the experimental observations in literature. The proposed model can be used to predict the responses of the soft tissues in different depths to vibration exposures, providing valuable information and data that are essential for improving vibrotactile perception tests. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jwu@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PY 2006 VL 39 IS 13 BP 2445 EP 2456 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.07.027 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 094MG UT WOS:000241242900012 PM 16168999 ER PT J AU Page, RM O'Hegarty, M AF Page, RM O'Hegarty, M TI Type of student residence as a factor in college students' alcohol consumption and social normative perceptions regarding alcohol use SO JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE LA English DT Article DE social norms; college students; alcohol consumption; heavy drinking; Greek membership; health communications ID BINGE DRINKING; SUBSTANCE USE; NORMS; FRATERNITY; HEALTH; ABUSE AB The purpose of this study was to determine alcohol use (particularly heavy drinking) and social normative estimations of alcohol use according to Student residence (fraternity, sorority, residence hall, or apartment complex). To achieve this purpose, a survey was conducted in all 34 sections of a general education core English class at a northwestern public university. Students living in fraternities, compared with males living in apartment complexes and residence halls, consumed more alcohol, engaged more frequently in heavy episodic drinking, and drank more when "partying." A similar pattern was true for females living in sororities relative to females students living in apartment complexes and residence halls. In most cases, social normative estimations were higher than reported use among those living in fraternities, sororities, residence halls, and apartment complexes. As hypothesized, social normative estimates of alcohol use were highest among students living in fraternities and sororities. Thus, it appears that social normative estimations of frequent and heavy drinking may contribute to alcohol use patterns, particularly among members of fraternities and sororities. These results confirm that students' choice of residence is a dominant influence when it comes to drinking behavior. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Page, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM randy_page@byu.edu; MO'Hegarty@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1067-828X J9 J CHILD ADOLES SUBST JI J. Child Adolesc. Subst. Abus. PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 15 EP 31 DI 10.1300/J029v15n03_02 PG 17 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 036KN UT WOS:000237070100002 ER PT J AU Novak, RT Glass, MB Gee, JE Gal, D Mayo, MJ Currie, BJ Wilkins, PP AF Novak, RT Glass, MB Gee, JE Gal, D Mayo, MJ Currie, BJ Wilkins, PP TI Development and evaluation of a real-time PCR assay targeting the type III secretion system of Burkholderia pseudomallei SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; SEPTICEMIC MELIOIDOSIS; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; B.-MALLEI; API 20NE; THAILANDENSIS; GENES AB Here we report on the development of a discriminatory real-time assay for the rapid identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates and the evaluation of this assay for sensitivity against related species and detection in spiked human blood samples. The assay targets a 115-base-pair region within orf2 of the B. pseudomallei type III secretion system gene cluster and distinguishes B. pseudomallei from other microbial species. Assay performance was evaluated with 224 geographically, temporally, and clinically diverse B. pseudomallei isolates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention strain collection. This represents the first real-time PCR for rapid and sensitive identification of B. pseudomallei that has been tested for crossreactivity with 23 Burkholderia mallei, 5 Burkholderia thailandensis, and 35 Burkholderia and 76 non-Burkholderia organisms which have historically presented diagnostic challenges. The assay performed with 100% specificity. The limit of detection was found to be 76 femtograms of DNA (equivalent to 5.2 X 10(3) genome equivalents per ml) in a single PCR. In spiked human blood, the assay could detect as few as 8.4 X 10(3) CFU per ml. This rapid assay is a valuable tool for identification of B. pseudomallei and may improve diagnosis in regions endemic for melioidosis. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Flinders Univ S Australia, Royal Darwin Hosp, No Terr Clin Sch, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Darwin, NT, Australia. RP Glass, MB (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, MS-G34,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mglass@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.1.85-90.2006 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 008NT UT WOS:000235048400012 PM 16390953 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC McDougal, LK Goering, RV Killgore, G Projan, SJ Patel, JB Dunman, PM AF Tenover, FC McDougal, LK Goering, RV Killgore, G Projan, SJ Patel, JB Dunman, PM TI Characterization of a strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus widely disseminated in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; RISK-FACTORS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BINDING PROTEIN; SERINE-PROTEASE; SKIN INFECTIONS; GENE; VIRULENCE; EMERGENCE; CHILDREN AB A highly stable strain of Staphylococcus aureus with a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type of USA300 and multilocus sequence type 8 has been isolated from patients residing in diverse geographic regions of the United States. This strain, designated USA300-0114, is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections among persons in community settings, including day care centers and correctional facilities, and among sports teams, Native Americans, men who have sex with men, and military recruits. The organism is typically resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, and erythromycin (the latter mediated by msrA) and carries SCCmec type IVa. This strain is variably resistant to tetracycline [mediated by tet(K)]; several recent isolates have decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. S. aureus USA300-0114 harbors the genes encoding the Panton-Valentine leucocidin toxin. DNA sequence analysis of the direct repeat units within the mec determinant of 30 USA300-0114 isolates revealed differences in only a single isolate. Plasmid analysis identified a common 30-kb plasmid that hybridized with blaZ and msrA probes and a 3.1-kb cryptic plasmid. A 4.3-kb plasmid encoding tet(K) and a 2.6-kb plasmid encoding ermC were observed in a few isolates. DNA microarray analysis was used to determine the genetic loci for a series of virulence factors and genes associated with antimicrobial resistance. Comparative genomics between USA300-0114 and three other S. aureus lineages (USA100, USA400, and USA500) defined a set of USA300-0114-specific genes, which may facilitate the strain's pathogenesis within diverse environments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Creighton Univ, Dept Med Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Genom Cambridge Wyeth Res, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fnt1@cdc.gov OI Goering, Richard/0000-0001-7502-7185 NR 72 TC 325 Z9 336 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.1.108-118.2006 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 008NT UT WOS:000235048400016 PM 16390957 ER PT J AU Pai, R Gertz, RE Beall, B AF Pai, R Gertz, RE Beall, B TI Sequential multiplex PCR approach for determining capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; SEROGROUPS; CHILDREN; POLYMORPHISM; DISEASE; LOCUS; ASSAY AB Accurate serotyping is essential to monitor the changes in the seroepidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We devised a simple and schematic sequence-based system of seven multiplex PCRs, in a sequence order based upon Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) serotype distribution during 2002 to 2003, to reliably deduce specific pneumococcal serotypes. A total of 421 isolates from ABCs were randomly chosen to evaluate this system. Two hundred twenty-nine of the isolates (54.3%) were specifically assigned I of 17 serotypes by the multiplex PCR system, with the results in complete concordance with conventional serotyping. One hundred seventy-two additional isolates (40.9%) were assigned to 11 specific sets of 2 to 4 serotypes that with one exception (serotypes 6A and 6B) consisted of the single frequently occurring targeted serotype and 1 to 3 additional rare serotypes primarily within the same serogroup as the targeted serotype. Only 20 isolates (4.8%) could not be assigned specific serotypes or serotype sets, since they were either of rare serotypes not included in the assay design or were nonserotypeable. Overall, we found this system to be highly reliable, with the potential to greatly reduce our reliance upon conventional serotyping. Especially important is the capability of this system to give serotype-determining potential to any facility that lacks the expensive typing sera and expertise needed for conventional serotyping yet has the modest equipment necessary for DNA amplification and electrophoresis. C1 CDC Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Myot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), CDC Resp Dis Branch, Mail Stop C02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BBEALL@CDC.GOV NR 29 TC 253 Z9 267 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.1.124-131.2006 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 008NT UT WOS:000235048400018 PM 16390959 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, AM White, KL Beecham, BD Leschinsky, DP Foley, BP Dockter, J Giachetti, C Safranek, TJ AF de Oliveira, AM White, KL Beecham, BD Leschinsky, DP Foley, BP Dockter, J Giachetti, C Safranek, TJ TI Sensitivity of second-generation enzyme immunoassay for detection of hepatitis C virus infection among oncology patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; sensitivity; immunosuppression; oncology; chemotherapy ID HCV-RNA; ANTIBODY TESTS; ASSAY; SPECIFICITY; PREVALENCE; THERAPY AB Background: The second-generation hepatitis C virus (HCV) enzyme immunoassay (EIA 2), an antibody-detection test, has high sensitivity and is one of the recommended screening tests for detecting HCV infection in the United States. However, its sensitivity among oncology patients is unknown. Objective: Assess the EIA 2 sensitivity among a group of oncology patients at a Nebraska clinic where an HCV outbreak Occurred during 2000-2001 using nucleic acid testing (NAT) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) as the cold standards. Study design: Serum specimens were collected from patients 16 months after transmission had stopped. We tested the specimens using EIA 2 (Abbott HCV EIA 2.0), a NAT assay based on transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) (Gen-Probe TMA assay) and RIBA (Chiron RIBA(R) HCV 3.0 SIA). HCV infection was defined as a positive RIBA or TMA test in an oncology patient. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were determined in EIA 2-negative/TMA-positive samples. Results: A total of 264 samples were included in the study. We identified 92 HCV infections, 76 of which were Abbott EIA 2 positive. Abbott EIA 2 sensitivity was 83% (76/92), lower than that reported among healthy adults (90%) (p = 0.01) and poor sensitivity was associated with receipt of chemotherapy during the outbreak period (p = 0.02). Only 1 (6%) of the 16 EIA 2-negative cases had elevated ALT. Conclusions: In this study, EIA 2 sensitivity among oncology patients was lower than that previously reported among immunocompetent persons. Impaired antibody production related to cancer and/or chemotherapy might explain the reduced sensitivity. These findings indicate that, when assessing HCV status in oncology patients, a NAT test should be routinely considered in addition to EIA. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, State Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE 68509 USA. Gen Probe Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP de Oliveira, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acq7@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2005.03.006 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 010IY UT WOS:000235182800003 ER PT J AU Hoehner, CM Williams, DE Sievers, ML Knowler, WC Bennett, PH Nelson, RG AF Hoehner, CM Williams, DE Sievers, ML Knowler, WC Bennett, PH Nelson, RG TI Trends in heart disease death rates in diabetic and nondiabetic Pima Indians SO JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE heart disease; type 2 diabetes; American Indians ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; US ADULTS; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; DECLINE; MINNESOTA AB Background: Secular trends over 34 years (1965-1998) in overall and cause-specific mortality were examined in 4623 Pima Indians >= 35 years old. Methods: The underlying and contributing causes of the 1363 deaths were determined from a review of all available clinical records; 540 of the deaths occurred in the 2528 nondiabetic, participants and 823 in the 2095 participants who had diabetes during all or part of the study period. Age/sex-adjusted death rates were calculated across four 8.5-year time intervals. Results: In the nondiabetic participants, the rate of death from natural causes declined gradually over time (20.4, 17.3, 17.3, and 16.0 deaths per 1000 persons/year; P=.11); deaths from ischemic heart disease (HID) were uncommon (n=22), and the rate did not change appreciably, remaining as the fifth leading natural cause of death. In the diabetic participants, the rate of death from natural causes was unchanged over time, but the rate of death from IHD (n=141) increased nearly twofold (3.3, 4.2, 6.4, and 6.4 deaths per 1000 persons/year; P <.01), becoming the leading cause of death in the third and fourth time intervals. Conclusions: The rate of death from IHD remained stable in nondiabetic Pima Indians but increased among those with diabetes. This finding suggests that, in the absence of diabetes, the underlying susceptibility to IHD in this population has not changed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIDDKD, Phoenix Epidemiol & Clin Res Branch, NIH, Phoenix, AZ 85014 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nelson, RG (reprint author), NIDDKD, Phoenix Epidemiol & Clin Res Branch, NIH, Phoenix, AZ 85014 USA. EM rgnelson@mail.nih.gov RI Nelson, Robert/B-1470-2012 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1056-8727 J9 J DIABETES COMPLICAT JI J. Diabetes Complications PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.06.003 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 009ZU UT WOS:000235153200002 PM 16389161 ER PT J AU Buchanan, S AF Buchanan, S TI Revisiting revitalization SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Environm Hlth Sci Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Buchanan, S (reprint author), CDC, Environm Hlth Sci Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MD F-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sbuchanan@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 68 IS 6 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 004GV UT WOS:000234740900007 PM 16483086 ER PT J AU Drake, PL Marcy, AD Ashley, K AF Drake, PL Marcy, AD Ashley, K TI Evaluation of a standardized method for determining soluble silver in workplace air samples SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Modern Pronciples of Air Monitoring (AIRMON 2005) CY JUN 12-16, 2005 CL Loen, NORWAY AB Several occupational exposure limits and guidelines exist for silver, but the values for each depend on the chemical form of the silver compound in question. In the past, it generally was not possible, without prior knowledge of the work process, to distinguish soluble silver from insoluble silver compounds collected in workplace air samples. Therefore, analytical results were historically reported as total silver. In this study, work was conducted to evaluate a method to differentiate between the quantities of water-soluble silver compounds and total silver collected on filters. The investigation entailed an evaluation of an International Organization for Standardization method to determine soluble silver in airborne particulate matter. The study design incorporated laboratory experiments to evaluate analytical figures of merit, such as selection of appropriate filter media and extraction solution, analytical recovery, and sample stability during storage. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters (2 gm, 37 mm) in opaque cassettes were either spiked with known amounts of silver nitrate or contained a known mass of solid silver nitrate. Results showed that over 90% of the silver was recovered from PTFE filters. Also, field studies were conducted in which workplace air samples were collected in two silver refineries. Some of these samples were analyzed only for soluble silver while others were sequentially extracted and analyzed, first, for soluble silver, then for total silver. The mass fractions of soluble silver, as compared to total silver, were approximately 2% or less. This investigation served to validate an international standard procedure for the determination of soluble silver in workplace air samples. C1 NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Spokane Res Lab, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. N Idaho Coll, Coeur Dalene, ID 83814 USA. RP Drake, PL (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Spokane Res Lab, 315 E Montgomery Ave Spokane, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. EM pdrake@cdc.gov RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 134 EP 139 DI 10.1039/b511150a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009TJ UT WOS:000235136000019 PM 16395470 ER PT J AU Bello, D Smith, TJ Woskie, SR Streicher, RP Boeniger, MF Redlich, CA Liu, YC AF Bello, D Smith, TJ Woskie, SR Streicher, RP Boeniger, MF Redlich, CA Liu, YC TI An FTIR investigation of isocyanate skin absorption using in vitro guinea pig skin SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE; EXPOSURE; CONTACT; VIVO; HYPERSENSITIVITY; SENSITIZATION; BARRIER; LUNG; MDI AB Isocyanates may cause contact dermatitis, sensitization and asthma. Dermal exposure to aliphatic and aromatic isocyanates can occur in various exposure settings. The fate of isocyanates on skin is an important unanswered question. Do they react and bind to the outer layer of skin or do they penetrate through the epidermis as unreacted compounds? Knowing the kinetics of these processes is important in developing dermal exposure sampling or decontamination strategies, as well as understanding potential health implications such exposure may have. In this paper the residence time of model isocyanates on hairless guinea pig skin was investigated in vitro using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometry. Model isocyanates tested were octyl isocyanate, polymeric hexamethylene diisocyanate isocyanurate (pHDI), polymeric isophorone diisocyanate isocyanurate (pIPDI) and methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Isocyanates in ethyl acetate (30 mu L) were spiked directly on the skin to give 0.2-1.8 mu mol NCO cm(-2) (NCO = -N=C=O), and absorbance of the isocyanate group and other chemical groups of the molecule were monitored over time. The ATR-FTIR findings showed that polymeric isocyanates pHDI and pIPDI may remain on the skin as unreacted species for many hours, with only 15-20% of the total isocyanate group disappearing in one hour, while smaller compounds octyl isocyanate and MDI rapidly disappear from the skin surface (80+% in 30 min). Isocyanates most likely leave the skin surface by diffusion predominantly, with minimal reaction with surface proteins. The significance of these findings and their implications for dermal exposure sampling and isocyanate skin decontamination are discussed. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Exposure Epidemiol & Risk Program, Landmark Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Occupat & Environm Med Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Bello, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Exposure Epidemiol & Risk Program, Landmark Ctr, W 404F,401 Pk Dr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM dbello@dsph.harvard.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07069]; NIOSH CDC HHS [5 R01OH004246]; PHS HHS [MM-0722-04/04, R01H3457] NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 523 EP 529 DI 10.1039/b517948c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 041NF UT WOS:000237462200004 PM 16688353 ER PT J AU Brisson, MJ Ashley, K Stefaniak, AB Ekechukwu, AA Creek, KL AF Brisson, MJ Ashley, K Stefaniak, AB Ekechukwu, AA Creek, KL TI Trace-level beryllium analysis in the laboratory and in the field: state of the art, challenges and opportunities SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Beryllium Particulates and their Detection CY NOV 08-09, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT ID DISEASE RELATIONS; SENSITIZATION; EXPOSURE; RISK; ALLOY; PLANT; OXIDE; METAL AB Control of workplace exposure to beryllium is a growing issue in the United States and other nations. As the health risks associated with low-level exposure to beryllium are better understood, the need increases for improved analytical techniques both in the laboratory and in the field. These techniques also require a greater degree of standardization to permit reliable comparison of data obtained from different locations and at different times. Analysis of low-level beryllium samples, in the form of air filters or surface wipes, is frequently required for workplace monitoring or to provide data to support decision-making on implementation of exposure controls. In the United States and the United Kingdom, the current permissible exposure level is 2 mu g m(-3) (air) and the United States Department of Energy has implemented an action level of 0.2 mu g m(-3) (air) and 0.2 mg/100 cm(2) (surface). These low-level samples present a number of analytical challenges, including (1) a lack of suitable standard reference materials, (2) unknown robustness of sample preparation techniques, (3) interferences during analysis, (4) sensitivity (sufficiently low detection limits), (5) specificity ( beryllium speciation) and (6) data comparability among laboratories. Additionally, there is a need for portable, real-time (or near real-time) equipment for beryllium air monitoring and surface wipe analysis that is both laboratory-validated and field-validated in a manner that would be accepted by national and/or international standards organizations. This paper provides a review of the current analytical requirements for trace-level beryllium analysis for worker protection and also addresses issues that may change those requirements. The current analytical state of the art and relevant challenges facing the analytical community will be presented, followed by suggested criteria for real-time monitoring equipment. Recognizing and addressing these challenges will present opportunities for laboratories, research and development organizations, instrument manufacturers and others. C1 Washington Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brisson, MJ (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM mike.brisson@srs.gov RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011; Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012 NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.1039/b601469k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051LC UT WOS:000238161600003 PM 16767226 ER PT J AU Creek, KL Whitney, G Ashley, K AF Creek, KL Whitney, G Ashley, K TI Vacuum sampling techniques for industrial hygienists, with emphasis on beryllium dust sampling SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Beryllium Particulates and their Detection CY NOV 08-09, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT ID HOUSE-DUST; CONTAMINATION; EXPOSURE; LEAD; SENSITIZATION; ALLERGEN; CHILDREN; WORKERS; DISEASE; WIPE AB The U. S. Department of Energy ( DOE) Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program Rule, 10 CFR Part 850 became effective in 2000 in response to the prevalence of Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD) in workers. The rule requires surface and air monitoring for beryllium to determine exposure levels and the evaluation of the effectiveness of controls used to minimize or eliminate that risk. The most common methods for surface sampling use wet or dry wipes. Wipe sampling techniques may be impractical for many surfaces common to most buildings such as cinder block, textured wall surfaces, fabric and carpet. Vacuum sampling methods have been developed for the evaluation of lead or pesticides on residential surfaces such as carpets, bare floors and window sills. However, the current vacuum methods may be impractical for many workplace situations such as sampling of protective clothing, complex facility structures, or equipment surfaces. Recent work using vacuum sampling for potential bio-terrorism agents such as anthrax spores may have significant application to industrial hygiene evaluations of the workplace and may be extendable for use in sampling of metals such as beryllium. Validated vacuum sampling methods that provide meaningful data would be of great value to industrial hygienists in identifying areas having surface contamination, evaluating existing controls and work practices and determining the potential of toxic material on surfaces to become airborne and present a potential risk to workers and the public. This article discusses various vacuum sampling methodologies and recommends harmonization of sampling methods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Creek, KL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D454,Bikini Atoll Rd,SM-30, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM creek@lanl.gov RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 612 EP 618 DI 10.1039/b601572g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051LC UT WOS:000238161600004 PM 16767227 ER PT J AU Agrawal, A Cronin, J Tonazzi, J McCleskey, TM Ehler, DS Minogue, EM Whitney, G Brink, C Burrell, AK Warner, B Goldcamp, MJ Schlecht, PC Sonthalia, P Ashley, K AF Agrawal, A Cronin, J Tonazzi, J McCleskey, TM Ehler, DS Minogue, EM Whitney, G Brink, C Burrell, AK Warner, B Goldcamp, MJ Schlecht, PC Sonthalia, P Ashley, K TI Validation of a standardized portable fluorescence method for determining trace beryllium in workplace air and wipe samples SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Beryllium Particulates and their Detection CY NOV 08-09, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT ID SENSITIZATION; DISEASE AB Beryllium is widely used in industry for its unique properties; however, occupational exposure to beryllium particles can cause potentially fatal disease. Consequently, exposure limits for beryllium particles in air and action levels on surfaces have been established to reduce exposure risks for workers. Field-portable monitoring methods for beryllium are desired in order to facilitate on-site measurement of beryllium in the workplace, so that immediate action can be taken to protect human health. In this work, a standardized, portable fluorescence method for the determination of trace beryllium in workplace samples, i.e., air filters and dust wipes, was validated through intra- and inter-laboratory testing. The procedure entails extraction of beryllium in 1% ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2, aqueous), followed by fluorescence measurement of the complex formed between beryllium ion and hydroxybenzoquinoline sulfonate (HBQS). The method detection limit was estimated to be less than 0.02 mu g Be per air filter or wipe sample, with a dynamic range up to greater than 10 mg. The overall method accuracy was shown to satisfy the accuracy criterion (A <= +/- 25%) for analytical methods promulgated by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Interferences from numerous metals tested ( in > 400-fold excess concentration compared to that of beryllium) were negligible or minimal. The procedure was shown to be effective for the dissolution and quantitative detection of beryllium extracted from refractory beryllium oxide particles. An American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International voluntary consensus standard based on the methodology has recently been published. C1 Berylliant Inc, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Wilmington Coll, Dept Chem, Wilmington, OH 45177 USA. NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), Berylliant Inc, 4541 E Ft Lowell Rd, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. EM KAshley@cdc.gov RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011; McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; OI Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 619 EP 624 DI 10.1039/b601524g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051LC UT WOS:000238161600005 PM 16767228 ER PT J AU Lindsley, WG Schmechel, D Chen, BT AF Lindsley, William G. Schmechel, Detlef Chen, Bean T. TI A two-stage cyclone using microcentrifuge tubes for personal bioaerosol sampling SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; FUNGAL FRAGMENTS; RESPIRATORY DEPOSITION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SPORES; QUANTIFICATION; BUILDINGS; AEROSOLS; CONIDIA; DESIGN AB Personal aerosol samplers are widely used to monitor human exposure to airborne materials. For bioaerosols, interest is growing in analyzing samples using molecular and immunological techniques. This paper presents a personal sampler that uses a two-stage cyclone to collect bioaerosols into disposable 1.5 ml Eppendorf-type microcentrifuge tubes. Samples can be processed in the tubes for polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) or immunoassays, and the use of multiple stages fractionates aerosol particles by aerodynamic diameter. The sampler was tested using fluorescent microspheres and aerosolized fungal spores. The sampler had first and second stage cut-off diameters of 2.6 mu m and 1.6 mu m at 2 l min(-1) ( geometric standard deviation, GSD = 1.45 and 1.75), and 1.8 mu m and 1 mu m at 3.5 l min(-1) ( GSD = 1.42 and 1.55). The sampler aspiration efficiency was >= 98% at both flow rates for particles with aerodynamic diameters of 3.1 mu m or less. For 6.2 mu m particles, the aspiration efficiency was 89% at 2 l min(-1) and 96% at 3.5 l min(-1). At 3.5 l min(-1), the sampler collected 92% of aerosolized Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium chrysogenum spores inside the two microcentrifuge tubes, with less than 0.4% of the spores collecting on the back-up filter. The design and techniques given here are suitable for personal bioaerosol sampling, and could also be adapted to design larger aerosol samplers for longer-term atmospheric and indoor air quality sampling. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Lindsley, WG (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. EM wlindsley@cdc.gov OI Lindsley, William/0000-0003-0720-5829 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1136 EP 1142 DI 10.1039/b609083d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100DT UT WOS:000241648500005 PM 17075620 ER PT J AU Cama, VA Arrowood, MJ Ortega, YR Xiao, LH AF Cama, Vitaliano A. Arrowood, Michael J. Ortega, Ynes R. Xiao, Lihua TI Molecular characterization of the Cryptosporidium parvum IOWA isolate kept in different laboratories SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL ID CHLORINE DIOXIDE; DOSE-RESPONSE; CELL-CULTURE; OOCYSTS; INFECTION; MICE; INACTIVATION; VIABILITY; SEQUENCE; OZONE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway MS-F12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LXiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2006 VL 53 SU 1 BP S40 EP S42 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00168.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 109LP UT WOS:000242309900015 PM 17169063 ER PT J AU Gatei, W Hart, CA Gilman, RH Das, P Cama, V Xiao, LH AF Gatei, Wangeci Hart, C. Anthony Gilman, Robert H. Das, Pradeep Cama, Vitaliano Xiao, Lihua TI Development of a multilocus sequence typing tool for Cryptosporidium hominis SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL ID PARVUM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATIONS; HUMANS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Med Microbiol, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Rajendra Mem Res Inst Med Sci, Patna, Bihar, India. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,Bld 22 M-S F12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 12 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2006 VL 53 SU 1 BP S43 EP S48 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00169.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 109LP UT WOS:000242309900016 PM 17169064 ER PT J AU Huang, L Welsh, DA Miller, RF Ben Beard, C Lawrence, GG Fox, M Swartzman, A Bensley, MR Carbonnet, D Davis, JL Chi, A Yoo, BJ Jones, JL AF Huang, Laurence Welsh, David A. Miller, Robert F. Ben Beard, C. Lawrence, Gena G. Fox, Melissa Swartzman, Alexandra Bensley, Matthew R. Carbonnet, Denise Davis, J. Lucian Chi, Amy Yoo, Becky J. Jones, Jeffrey L. TI Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase gene mutations and human immunodeficiency virus-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 9th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/57th Annual Meeting of the International-Society-of-Protistologists CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Protistologists ID SULFONE PROPHYLAXIS; CARINII-PNEUMONIA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; AIDS PATIENTS; RESISTANCE; SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; POLYMORPHISMS; CORRELATE C1 San Francisco Gen Hosp, HIV AIDS Div, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Med Ctr Louisiana New Orleans, Pulm & Crit Care Med, New Orleans, LA USA. UCL, Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, HIV Res, London, England. UCL, Ctr Sexual Hlth, Dept Populat Sci & Primary Care, London, England. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natls Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, HIV AIDS Div, Ward 84,995 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM lhuang@php.ucsf.edu OI Davis, J. Lucian/0000-0002-8629-9992 FU NCRR NIH HHS [5M01 RR05096-10]; NHLBI NIH HHS [K23 HL072117, K23 HL072117-04, F32 HL088990, F32 HL088990-01] NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2006 VL 53 SU 1 BP S114 EP S116 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00195.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 109LP UT WOS:000242309900042 PM 17169022 ER PT J AU Kucerova, Z Priest, JW Delbac, F Visvesvara, GS Secor, WE AF Kucerova, Zuzana Priest, Jeffrey W. Delbac, Frederic Visvesvara, Govinda S. Secor, William E. TI Expression and serologic assessment of a recombinant polar tube protein from Encephalitozoon cuniculi (PTP3) SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL ID APPARATUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NPD, NCID, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Altanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Biol Protistes, Equipe Parasitol Mol & Cellulaire, Aubiere, France. RP Kucerova, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NPD, NCID, Div Parasit Dis, MS F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zik0@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2006 VL 53 SU 1 BP S70 EP S71 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00177.x PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 109LP UT WOS:000242309900024 PM 17169072 ER PT J AU Lobo, ML Xiao, LH Cama, V Stevens, T Antunes, F Matos, O AF Lobo, Maria L. Xiao, Lihua Cama, Vitaliano Stevens, Theresa Antunes, Francisco Matos, Olga TI Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in mammals in Portugal SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; 1ST DETECTION; MICROSPORIDIA; PREVALENCE; STRAINS; HUMANS; CATTLE; SWINE C1 Inst Hig & Med Trop, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pr, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Lisbon, Fac Med, Clin Univ Doencas Infecc, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Matos, O (reprint author), Inst Hig & Med Trop, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pr, Rua Junqueira 96, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. EM omatos@ihmt.unl.pt RI Lobo, Maria/I-3527-2012; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; MATOS, OLGA/J-8859-2012; OI Lobo, Maria/0000-0001-5811-7568; Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; MATOS, OLGA/0000-0001-5793-7716; Antunes, Francisco/0000-0001-7932-1154 NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2006 VL 53 SU 1 BP S61 EP S64 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00174.x PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 109LP UT WOS:000242309900021 PM 17169069 ER PT J AU Lobo, ML Silveira, H Ramos, S Xiao, LH Matos, O AF Lobo, Maria L. Silveira, Henrique Ramos, Susana Xiao, Lihua Matos, Olga TI Characterization of a pathogen related to Vavraia culicis detected in a laboratory colony of Anopheles stephensi SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL ID MICROSPORIDIA C1 Inst Hig & Med Trop, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pr, UPMM, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. CMDT, IHMT, Unidade Malaria, Lisbon, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infec Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Matos, O (reprint author), Inst Hig & Med Trop, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pr, UPMM, Rua Junqueira 96, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. EM omatos@ihmt.unl.pt RI Silveira, Henrique/G-2229-2011; Lobo, Maria/I-3527-2012; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; MATOS, OLGA/J-8859-2012; Ramos, Susana/M-2064-2014; OI Silveira, Henrique/0000-0002-7939-772X; Lobo, Maria/0000-0001-5811-7568; Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Ramos, Susana/0000-0001-6356-1065; MATOS, OLGA/0000-0001-5793-7716 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2006 VL 53 SU 1 BP S65 EP S67 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00175.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 109LP UT WOS:000242309900022 PM 17169070 ER PT J AU Navarro-i-Martinez, L da Silva, AJ Garces, JHB Palacio, MNM del Aguila, C Bornay-Llinares, FJ AF Navarro-i-Martinez, Luis da Silva, Alexandre J. Botero Garces, Jorge H. Montoya Palacio, Martha N. del Aguila, Carmen Bornay-Llinares, Fernando J. TI Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-positive patients from Medellin, Colombia SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL ID SP APICOMPLEXA; ZULIA STATE; CHILDREN; VENEZUELA; DIARRHEA; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFANTS; PARVUM C1 Univ Miguel Hernandez, Dept Parasitol, E-03550 Alicante, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. Univ Sao Paulo, CEU, Madrid, Spain. Univ Cardenal Herrera, CEU, Alicante, Spain. RP Navarro-i-Martinez, L (reprint author), Univ Miguel Hernandez, Dept Parasitol, Carretera Valencia,N332,Km 8-7, E-03550 Alicante, Spain. EM lnavarro@umh.es RI del Aguila, Carmen/A-6063-2016; OI del Aguila, Carmen/0000-0003-0063-7899; Navarro-i-Martinez, Luis/0000-0002-7358-8947 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2006 VL 53 SU 1 BP S37 EP S39 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00167.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 109LP UT WOS:000242309900014 PM 17169062 ER PT J AU Hoppin, JA Ulmer, R Calafat, AM Barr, DB Baker, SV Meltzer, HM Ronningen, KS AF Hoppin, JA Ulmer, R Calafat, AM Barr, DB Baker, SV Meltzer, HM Ronningen, KS TI Impact of urine preservation methods and duration of storage on measured levels of environmental contaminants SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sample storage and shipment; cohort studies; analytical chemistry; urine ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; PHTHALATE METABOLITES; QUANTIFICATION AB Collection of urine samples in human studies involves choices regarding shipping, sample preservation, and storage that may ultimately influence future analysis. As more studies collect and archive urine samples to evaluate environmental exposures in the future, we were interested in assessing the impact of urine preservative, storage temperature, and time since collection on nonpersistent contaminants in urine samples. In spiked urine samples stored in three types of urine vacutainers (no preservative, boric acid, and chlorhexidine), we measured five groups of contaminants to assess the levels of these analytes at five time points ( 0, 24, 48, and 72 h, and 1 week) and at two temperatures (room temperature and 4 degrees C). The target chemicals were bisphenol A (BPA), metabolites of organophosphate (OP), carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides, chlorinated phenols, and phthalate monoesters, and were measured using five different mass spectrometry-based methods. Three samples were analyzed at each time point, with the exception of BPA. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate effects of storage time, temperature, and preservative. Stability was summarized with percent change in mean concentration from time 0. In general, most analytes were stable under all conditions with changes in mean concentration over time, temperature, and preservative being generally less than 20%, with the exception of the OP metabolites in the presence of boric acid. The effect of storage temperature was less important than time since collection. The precision of the laboratory measurements was high allowing us to observe small differences, which may not be important when categorizing individuals into broader exposure groups. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. WESTAT Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, DHHS, Atlanta, GA USA. CODA Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. RP Hoppin, JA (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, DHHS, MD A3-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hoppin1@niehs.nih.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Meltzer, Helle Margrete/0000-0002-3591-7017 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500435 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 015CB UT WOS:000235528400005 PM 16007114 ER PT J AU Vij, V Ailes, E Wolyniak, C Angulo, FJ Klontz, KC AF Vij, V Ailes, E Wolyniak, C Angulo, FJ Klontz, KC TI Recalls of spices due to bacterial contamination monitored by the US Food and Drug Administration: The predominance of salmonellae SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MICROBIOLOGICAL SURVEY; HERBS AB From 1980 to 2000, the annual per capita consumption of spices in the United States increased by 60% (from 1.0 to 1.6 kg per person per year). Although spices are known to harbor various molds, fungi, and bacteria, relatively few reports have documented this group of foods as the cause of human illness. In recent years, however, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has noted an increased number of recalls of dried spices due to bacterial contamination. Accordingly, we reviewed spice recalls that took place in the United States from fiscal years 1970 to 2003. During the study period, the FDA monitored 21 recalls involving 12 spice types contaminated with bacterial pathogens; in all but one instance, the recalled spices contained Salmonella. Paprika was the spice most often involved in the recalls. A wide variety of countries were the source of the recalled spices. Using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Salmonella Surveillance System, we were unable to discern any increases in the reported incidence of laboratory-confirmed salmonellosis in states that received spices contaminated with selected rare Salmonella serotypes. A variety of effective methods exist to disinfect spices, procedures that have attained increased importance given the frequent use of spices in ready-to-eat foods and the potential for contaminated spices to cause widespread outbreaks. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Klontz, KC (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM karl.klontz@cfsan.fda.gov NR 15 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 69 IS 1 BP 233 EP 237 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 000VG UT WOS:000234489900035 PM 16416926 ER PT J AU Nakano, T Lu, L He, YS Fu, YS Robertson, BH Pybus, OG AF Nakano, T Lu, L He, YS Fu, YS Robertson, BH Pybus, OG TI Population genetic history of hepatitis C virus 1b infection in China SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; HIGH PREVALENCE; UNITED-STATES; GENOTYPES; TRANSMISSION; EGYPT; HCV AB Subtype 1b is the most common strain of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in China. Here, the molecular epidemiology and epidemic history of this strain were investigated by conducting phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of El and NS5B gene sequences sampled from nine Chinese cities. The phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of two clusters of Chinese strains that did not include reference strains from other countries, suggesting that these clusters represent two independent chains of HCV transmission within China. The remaining Chinese isolates were more closely related to reference strains from other countries. The date of origin and past population dynamics of the two groups were investigated using a new population genetic method, the Bayesian skyline plot. The estimated dates of origin of both groups coincide with the period of the Chinese 'Cultural Revolution' during the years 1966-1976. Both groups grew at a rapid exponential rate between similar to 1970 and similar to 1990, after which transmission slowed considerably. Possible explanations for the groups' fast spread and subsequent slowdown are discussed, including parenteral transmission by unsafe injection, iatrogenic transmission by infected blood or blood products and improvements in blood safety since 1990. These results shed light on HCV transmission in China and may help to predict the future burden of HCV-related disease in the country. C1 Ichinomiya Nishi Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Aichi 4910201, Japan. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. Sun Yat Sen Univ, Da An Diagnost Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Guangzhou Blood Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Nakano, T (reprint author), Ichinomiya Nishi Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Okucho Origuchinishi 89-1, Aichi 4910201, Japan. EM nakano@anzu.or.jp RI pybus, oliver/B-2640-2012; OI Pybus, Oliver/0000-0002-8797-2667 NR 50 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 87 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81360-0 PN 1 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 002YI UT WOS:000234647800008 PM 16361419 ER PT J AU Nainan, OV Lu, L Gao, FX Meeks, E Robertson, BH Margolis, HS AF Nainan, OV Lu, L Gao, FX Meeks, E Robertson, BH Margolis, HS TI Selective transmission of hepatitis C virus genotypes and quasispecles in humans and experimentally infected chimpanzees SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; 1 SEQUENCE STABILITY; NON-B HEPATITIS; HYPERVARIABLE REGION; DRUG-USERS; NON-A; INOCULATED CHIMPANZEES; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; SUPERINFECTION; REPLICATION AB This study determined whether selective transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) species occurred among human and chimpanzee recipients of contaminated blood products or plasma containing multiple genotypes, subgenotypes and quasispecies. Commercially prepared factor VIII concentrate (lot DO56), produced prior to HCV testing and inactivation, was subsequently found by direct cloning to contain the following subgenotypes: 1 a and 1b (73 % of clones), 2a (13 % of clones), 2b (11 % of clones) and 3a (4 % of clones). A patient transfused with factor VIII concentrate DO56 was diagnosed with clinical non-A, non-B hepatitis and subsequently found to be infected with HCV subgenotype 1b. Among five chimpanzees inoculated experimentally with the same factor VIII concentrate, two were infected only with HCV subgenotype 1a and three were infected with approximately equivalent clonal proportions of sulogenotypes 1a and 1b. HCV hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) quasispecies analysis of the DO56 factor VIII concentrate and a serum specimen from the single chimpanzee that developed a chronic HCV infection following inoculation with DO56 showed 0-56 % nucleotide variation. However, specimens from chimpanzees infected in the second to fourth passages of the DO56 inoculum had 0-8 % HVR1 quasispecies nucleotide variation. The high HVR1 quasispecies variation in the factor VIII concentrate and its first passage in chimpanzees indicates the presence of multiple HCV isolates, whereas the low variation in the second to fourth chimpanzee passages suggests transmission of a single HCV isolate. These findings strongly suggest selective transmission of HCV isolates during experimental chimpanzee infection and among humans exposed to multiple HCV species. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gao, FX (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Fgao@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 87 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81268-0 PN 1 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 002YI UT WOS:000234647800009 PM 16361420 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Maher, K Williams, AJ Dybdahl-Sissoko, N Brown, BA Gookin, MS Penaranda, S Mishrik, N Uddin, M Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Maher, K Williams, AJ Dybdahl-Sissoko, N Brown, BA Gookin, MS Penaranda, S Mishrik, N Uddin, M Pallansch, MA TI Species-specific RT-PCR amplification of human enteroviruses: a tool for rapid species identification of uncharacterized enteroviruses SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID 3 UNTRANSLATED REGION; STRAND RNA-SYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; UNTYPABLE ENTEROVIRUSES; FREQUENT RECOMBINATION; HUMAN RHINOVIRUS-87; REPLICATION; VP1; POLIOVIRUSES; SEQUENCES AB The 65 serotypes of human enteroviruses are classified into four species, Human enterovirus (HEV) A to D, based largely on phylogenetic relationships in multiple genome regions. The 3'-non-transiated region of enterovinuses is highly conserved within a species but highly divergent between species. From this information, species-specific RT-PCR primers were developed that can be used to rapidly screen collections of enterovirus isolates to identify species of interest. The four primer pairs were 100 % specific when tested against enterovirus prototype strains and panels of isolates of known serotype (a total of 193 isolates). For evaluation in a typical application, the species-specific primers were used to screen 186 previously uncharacterized non-polio enterovirus isolates. The HEV-B primers amplified 68.3 % of isolates, while the HEV-A and HEV-C primers accounted for 9.7 and 11.3 % of isolates, respectively; no isolates were amplified with the HEV-D primers. Twelve isolates (6.5%) were amplified by more than one primer set and eight isolates (4.3%) were not amplified by any of the four primer pairs. Serotypes were identified by partial sequencing of the VP1 capsid gene, and in every case sequencing confirmed that the species-specific PCR result was correct; the isolates that were amplified by more than one species-specific primer pair were mixtures of two (11 isolates) or three (one isolate) species of viruses. The eight isolates that were not amplified by the species-specific primers comprised four new serotypes (EV76, EV89, EV90 and EV91) that appear to be unique members of HEV-A based on VP1, 3D and 3'-non-translated region sequences. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Res & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Res & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 98 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 87 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81179-0 PN 1 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 002YI UT WOS:000234647800013 PM 16361424 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ AF Alter, MJ TI Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and HIV co-infection SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Consensus Conference on the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B and C in HIV Co-Infected Patients CY MAR, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE DE hepatitis C; hepatitis B; HIV; prevalence; co-infection ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; B-VIRUS; C VIRUS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; RISK; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; BLOOD; STABILITY AB Worldwide, hepatitis B virus (HBV) accounts for an estimated 370 million chronic infections, hepatitis C virus (HCV) for an estimated 130 million, and HIV for an estimated 40 million. In HIV-infected persons, an estimated 2-4 million have chronic HBV co-infection and 4-5 million have HCV co-infection. HBV, HCV and HIV share common routes of transmission, but they differ in their prevalence by geographic region and the efficiency by which certain types of exposures transmit them. Among HIV-positive persons studied from Western Europe and the USA, chronic HBV infection has been found in 6-14% overall, including 4-6% of heterosexuals, 9-17% of men who have sex with men (MSM), and 7-10% of injection drug users. HCV infection has been found in 25-30% of HIV-positive persons overall; 72-95% of injection drug users, 1-12% of MSM and 9-27% of heterosexuals. The characteristics of HIV infected persons differ according to the co-infecting hepatitis virus, their epidemiologic patterns may change over time, and surveillance systems are needed to monitor their infection patterns in order to ensure that prevention measures are targeted appropriately. (c) 2005 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop D-66, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mja2@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 427 Z9 444 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 2006 VL 44 SU 1 BP S6 EP S9 DI 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.004 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 012MA UT WOS:000235342100003 PM 16352363 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Zaki, SR TI Histopathology and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of bioterrorism agents SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE bioterrorism; diagnosis; pathology ID PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED TISSUE; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; UNITED-STATES/; PATHOLOGY; TULAREMIA; PLAGUE; PATHOGENESIS; SVERDLOVSK; SMALLPOX AB From October to November 2001, the inhalational and cutaneous anthrax cases that occurred in the U.S. underscored the importance of recognizing the clinical and pathological features of infectious agents that can be used in acts of terrorism. Early confirmation of bioterrorist acts can only be performed by making organism-specific diagnosis of cases with clinical and pathologic syndromes that could be caused by possible bioterrorism weapons. Recognition and diagnosis of these cases is central to establish adequate responses. This review will examine the events that occurred during the anthrax bioterrorist attack with specific emphasis on the role of pathology and immunohistochemistry and will describe the histopathologic features of category A bioterrorism agents (anthrax, plague, tularemia, botulism, smallpox, and viral hemorrhagic fevers). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jguarner@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1369/jhc.5R6756.2005 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 998WZ UT WOS:000234351900002 PM 16148309 ER PT J AU Ostchega, Y Dillon, C Prineas, RJ McDowell, M Carroll, M AF Ostchega, Y Dillon, C Prineas, RJ McDowell, M Carroll, M TI Tables for the selection of correct blood pressure cuff size based on self-reported height and weight and estimating equations for mid-arm circumference: data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE mid-arm circumference; cuff size; prediction equation; health survey; NHANES; blood pressure; determination ID BODY-MASS INDEX; WIDTH; HYPERTENSION; ADULTS; ERROR; SPHYGMOMANOMETRY; PREVALENCE; VALIDITY; BLADDER; TRENDS AB The purpose of this study was to develop practical prediction equations for estimating adult mid-arm circumference (AC) using self-reported height and weight data from NHANES III 1988-1994 and NHANES 1999-2000. Both surveys used a complex sample design to obtain nationally representative data for the US civilian noninstitutionalized population. The analytic sample consisted of 4801 men and 4854 women in NHANES III and 1960 men and 2180 women from NHANES 1999-2000. Self-reported weight, height, and age data from NHANES III were used for model building, and similar data from NHANES 1999-2000 were used for validation. An all-possible regressions procedure by gender was used to derive the mid-AC prediction equations. The final prediction equations for adult mid-AC are (for self-reported weight in pounds and height in inches) for men: AC (cm) 32.52145+0.10975 x (wt) -0.26057 x (ht) -0.03028 x (age), R-2 = 0.76; and for women: AC (cm) 30.22126+0.13534 x (wt) -0.34121 x (ht) +0.09014 x (age) -0.00082565 x (age(2)), R-2 = 0.81. Based on these equations, tables were created to predict mid-AC using self-reported height and weight. Clinicians can refer to our prediction equations and reference tables to determine mid-AC and proper BP cuff sizes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, Div Hlth Nutr Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Ostchega, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, Div Hlth Nutr Examinat Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 4319, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM yxo1@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9240 J9 J HUM HYPERTENS JI J. Hum. Hypertens. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001919 PG 8 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 993RA UT WOS:000233971400003 PM 16151444 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK AF Reeves, WK TI Host-seeking behavior of selected Chrysops species (Diptera : Tabanidae) harboring trypanosomatidae (Kinetoplastida) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Chrysops; kinetoplastida; parasite-induced behavior; host seeking ID FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; FLIES; YORK AB The host-seeking behavior of hematophagous arthropods can be altered by symbiotes, thereby biasing sampling techniques and inaccurately reflecting symbiote or vector prevalence. Knowledge of any altered vector behavior is essential in vector control and monitoring. Species of Chrysops are vectors of human and animal pathogens. Six species of Chrysops were collected at two locations in South Carolina to determine if diurnal host-seeking behavior was influenced by trypanosomatid infection. Fifty-five percent of the host-seeking Chrysops were infected with trypanosomatid parasites. Prevalence of infection in host-seeking Chrysops were statistically indistinguishable during both the morning and evening at both sites. The results indicate that the prevalence of parasites among wild host-seeking Chrysops might not be influenced by infection status. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wreeves@alumni.clemson.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 1 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s10905-005-9002-3 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 034YX UT WOS:000236967900007 ER PT J AU Malmberg, A Hennessy, T Bruden, D Bulkow, L AF Malmberg, A Hennessy, T Bruden, D Bulkow, L TI Impact of infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on colonization and invasive pneumococcal disease in elderly Alaskans. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2004 Annual Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 SU S MA 450 BP S157 EP S157 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 011XH UT WOS:000235301500463 ER PT J AU Soares, CAG Zeidner, NS Beard, CB Dolan, MC Dietrich, G Piesman, J AF Soares, CAG Zeidner, NS Beard, CB Dolan, MC Dietrich, G Piesman, J TI Kinetics of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in larvae of refractory and competent tick vectors SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis; Dermacentor variabilis; Amblyomma americanum ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS ACARI; SCAPULARIS SALIVARY-GLANDS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; IXODIDAE; MIDGUT; RODENTS; AGENT; IDENTIFICATION AB The acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi by the larvae of competent and refractory ixodid ticks was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Larvae were fed on infected mice, and the spirochete loads were determined during feeding and up to 93 d postfeeding. Amblyonmia americanum (L.) was refractory to B. burgdorferi infection, with almost no detection of spirochete DNA during or postfeeding. In contrast, Ixodes scapularis Say supported high loads of spirochetes (10(3)-10(4) per larva). In Dermacentor variabilis (Say), B. burgdorferi uptake was reduced, with an average of 16 spirochetes per larvae acquired after 4 d of feeding, representing 1/195 of the counts in I. scapularis. However, during the first day postfeeding, the spirochete growth rate in D. variabilis reached 0.076 generations per hour, 7.7 times greater than the highest growth rate detected in I. scaptdaris. D. variabilis supported intense spirochete growth up to the fourth day postinfection, when the counts increased to an average of 282 spirochetes per larvae or 1/8.5 of the I. scapularis counts 4 d postfeeding. The kinetics of spirochete growth was unstable in D. variabilis compared with I. scapularis, and transmission of B. burgdorferi! by D. variabilis could not be demonstrated. A cofeeding experiment indicated that I. scapularis feeding increased A, americanum spirochete uptake. These collective results indicate suboptimal conditions for B. burgdorferi uptake and colonization within A. americanum or the presence of anti-Borrelia factor(s) in this nonpermissive tick species. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Lab Genet Mol Eucariontes & Simbiontes, Dept Genet, IB, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM naz2@cdc.gov RI Soares, Carlos/H-9464-2016 OI Soares, Carlos/0000-0001-9058-9266 NR 40 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0061:KOBBII]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 003RW UT WOS:000234700300008 PM 16506448 ER PT J AU Mun, J Eisen, RJ Eisen, L Lane, RS AF Mun, J Eisen, RJ Eisen, L Lane, RS TI Detection of a Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato relapsing-fever group Spirochete from Ixodes pacificus in California SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borrelia miyamotoi; Ixodes pacificus; relapsing-fever group spirochetes; California ID ORNITHODOROS-CORIACEUS; SOFT TICK; AGENT; INFECTION; IXODIDAE; ACARI AB We investigated whether host-seeking nymphs and adults of the western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, the primary vector of Lyme disease spirochetes in far-western North America, are infected naturally with relapsing-fever group spirochetes in Mendocino County, California. Relapsing-fever group borreliae were detected in four (1.7%) of 234 nymphal and two (0.7%) of 282 adult host-seeking I. pacificus ticks by polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and flagellin genes, respectively, exhibiting 99 and 98.5% sequence homology to Borrelia miyamotoi Fukunaga. Phylogenetic analysis based on these two genes revealed that the borreliae detected in these ticks belong to the relapsing-fever group and that these are closely related to, if not identical with, B. miyamotoi. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Mun, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Insect Biol, 201 Wellman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jhmun@nature.berkeley.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU906594] NR 17 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 120 EP 123 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0120:DOABMS]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 003RW UT WOS:000234700300018 PM 16506458 ER PT J AU Li, LX Zhou, YT Bell, CJ Earley, MC Hannon, WH Mei, JV AF Li, Lixia Zhou, Yingtao Bell, Carol J. Earley, Marie C. Hannon, W. Harry Mei, Joanne V. TI Development and characterization of dried blood spot materials for the measurement of immunoreactive trypsinogen SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING LA English DT Article ID BOVINE ALPHA-TRYPSIN; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; BETA-TRYPSIN; NEWBORN; OUTCOMES; SURVIVAL AB Objectives In response to increasing numbers of states in the US that test newborn babies for cystic fibrosis (CF), the Newborn Screening Quality Assurance Programme initiated a pilot proficiency testing programme for immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT), the biomarker for CF. Dried blood spot specimens (DBS) were used to evaluate the performance of laboratories that screen babies for CF. Methods DBS were prepared from human whole blood enriched with physiologically relevant levels of IRT. Various methods of making IRT-enriched DBS were used to optimize the recovery and stability of the biomarker, including preparation of DBS from either intact or lysed red blood cells, varying the timing of IRT addition to blood before dispensing onto filter paper, adding a protease inhibitor cocktail, and treating serum with charcoal before IRT enrichment. The recovery and stability of IRT in DBS were assessed. Newborn screening laboratories were offered the opportunity to test blind-coded DBS in the pilot PT programme. Results IRT was stable in the filter paper matrix when stored for one year at either -20 degrees C or 4 degrees C. Fifty percent more IRT was recovered from DBS prepared with lysed red blood cells where the IRT was added to blood just before dispensing; however, protease inhibitors did not improve IRT recovery. Conclusions IRT in the DBS matrix is stable and can be shipped worldwide under ambient conditions. Optimal IRT recovery was achieved by adjustment of DBS production practices. Laboratories receiving specimens accurately measured IRT by a variety of commercial and in-house methods. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening Qual Assurance Programme, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mei, JV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening Qual Assurance Programme, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F-19,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JMei@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0969-1413 J9 J MED SCREEN JI J. Med. Screen. PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1258/096914106777589623 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 062QZ UT WOS:000238960900009 PM 16792830 ER PT J AU Hunsperger, EA T Roehrig, J AF Hunsperger, Elizabeth A. T Roehrig, John TI Temporal analyses of the neuropathogenesis of a West Nile virus infection in mice SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th International Symposium on NeuroVirology CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NIMH, NINDS, NIDA, Drexel Univ Coll Med, Inst Mol Med Infect Dis, Drexel Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunology, Office Dean, Temple Univ Sch Med, Sbarro Inst Canc Res & Mol Med, Natl Multiple Sclerosis Soc, Journal NeuroVirology C1 CDC, San Juan, PR USA. CDC, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PY 2006 VL 12 SU 1 MA P76 BP 33 EP 33 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 059US UT WOS:000238758300077 ER PT J AU Coffey, CC Lawrence, RB Zhuang, ZQ Duling, MG Campbell, DL AF Coffey, CC Lawrence, RB Zhuang, ZQ Duling, MG Campbell, DL TI Errors associated with three methods of assessing respirator fit SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE error rates; fit test methods; N95 half-facepiece respirators; simulated respiratory protection program ID FITTING CHARACTERISTICS; PROTECTION AB Three fit test methods (Bitrex, saccharin, and TSI Porta-Count Plus with the N95-Companion) were evaluated for their ability, to identify wearers of respirators that do not provide adequate protection during a simulated workplace test. Thirty models of NIOSH-certified N95 half-facepiece rcspirators (15 filtering-facepiece models and 15 elastomeric models) were tested by a panel of 25 subjects using each of the three fit testing methods. Fit testing results were compared to 5th percentiles of simulated workplace protection factors. Alpha errors (the chance of failing a fit test in error) for all 30 respirators were 71% for the Bitrex method, 68% for the saccharin method, and 40% for the Companion method. Beta errors (the chance of passing a fit test in error) for all 30 respirator models combined were 8% for the Bitrex method, 8% for the saccharin method, and 9% for the Companion method. The three fit test methods had different error rates when assessed with filtering facepieces and when assessed with elastomeric respirators. For example, beta errors for the three fit test methods assessed with the 15 filtering facepiece respirators were <= 5% but ranged from 14% to 21% when assessed with the 15 elastomeric respirators. To predict what happens in a realistic fit testing program, the data were also used to estimate the alpha and beta errors for a simulated respiratory protection program in which a wearer is given up to three trials with one respirator model to pass a fit test before moving onto another model. A subject passing with any of the three methods was considered to have passed the fit test program. The alpha and beta errors for the fit testing in this simulated respiratory protection program were 29% and 19%, respectively Thus, it is estimated, under the conditions of the simulation, that roughly, one in three respirator wearers receiving the expected reduction in exposure (with a particular model) will fail to pass (with that particular model), and that roughly one in five wearers receiving less reduction in exposure than expected will pass the fit testing program in error. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIOSH,Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Dept HLth & Human Serv, NIOSH,Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Coffey, CC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIOSH,Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV USA. EM ccoffey@cdc.gov RI Coffey, Christopher/I-2471-2012; Zhuang, Ziqing/K-5462-2012 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1080/15459620500455398 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 012CG UT WOS:000235315200006 PM 16485349 ER PT J AU Shefer, A Santoli, J Wortley, P Evans, V Fasano, N Kohrt, A Fontanesi, J Szilagyi, P AF Shefer, A Santoli, J Wortley, P Evans, V Fasano, N Kohrt, A Fontanesi, J Szilagyi, P TI Status of quality improvement activities to improve immunization practices and delivery: Findings from the immunization quality improvement symposium, October 2003 SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID PREVENTIVE SERVICES; PRIMARY-CARE; VACCINATION COVERAGE; OFFICE SYSTEM; HEALTH-CARE; INNER-CITY; INTERVENTIONS; RATES; DISPARITIES; EDUCATION AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a symposium on 22-23 October 2003 to bring together investigators and stakeholders working to apply the quality improvement (QI) approaches to immunization delivery in individual medical practices. The goal was to identify effective program components and further development of model programs. A call for projects was widely disseminated; of 61 submissions received, eight projects were selected. Three of the eight programs used the "train the trainer" approach, three used site-specific training, one used a "practice collaborative" approach, and one employed the use of tracking and outreach workers to effect change. At the symposium, invited experts reviewed each program. Common program features that appeared effective included involvement of a variety of staff within the office environment, collection and review of site-specific performance measurements to identify gaps in delivery, periodic monitoring of performance measurement to revise interventions and maintain the improvements, and provision of formal continuing education credits. While research is needed on ways to promote and integrate QI into practices, it is likely that a variety of QI strategies will be shown to be effective, depending on the clinical settings. The field will benefit from standardized outcome measures, cost analysis, and evaluation, so comparisons can be made among different programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Community Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Shefer, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ams7@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 77 EP 89 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 999FY UT WOS:000234375500014 PM 16340519 ER PT J AU Jani, AA Fierro, M Kiser, S Ayala-Simms, V Darby, DH Juenker, S Storey, R Reynolds, C Marr, J Miller, G AF Jani, AA Fierro, M Kiser, S Ayala-Simms, V Darby, DH Juenker, S Storey, R Reynolds, C Marr, J Miller, G TI Hurricane Isabel-related mortality - Virginia, 2003 SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE alcohol; Hurricane Isabel; injury risk; mortality; Virginia ID ALCOHOL AB Background: Hurricane Isabel had a massive negative environmental, public health, and economic impact; Virginia bore the highest death toll (32) among nine states affected by this storm. A descriptive mortality analysis was conducted to identify modifiable risk factors and corresponding injury prevention measures that might mitigate future natural disaster-related morbidity and mortality in Virginia. Methods: Information for the decedents, including demographic data, health status, and injury circumstances, was collected from the records of the Virginia Office of the Chief Medical Examiner and Office of Vital Records/Health Statistics. Criteria from the National Hurricane Center were used to classify deaths as direct or indirect. Storm assessments and emergency-response reports were also reviewed. Results: A total of 32 deaths associated with Hurricane Isabel occurred in several densely populated localities in southeastern and central Virginia. The median age of decedents was 48 years (range: 7-85 years). A disproportionately higher mortality (21 [66%] of 32) occurred among persons older than 45 years (Virginia 2000 Census data). Twelve deaths were directly caused by environmental factors related to the storm (eg, seven drowning deaths and five traumatic head injuries from falling trees). Twenty deaths were indirectly associated with the storm and its effects: six fatal motor vehicle crashes, five related to clean-up operations, seven associated with power outages, and two stress-related (ie, myocardial infarction and suicide). The presence of alcohol or drugs was observed in 9 (28%) of 32 deaths. Conclusions: Classifying deaths as direct or indirect facilitates better target interventions on the basis of the identification of modifiable risk factors underlying hurricane-associated fatal injuries. Public education messages that reinforce avoidance of use of alcohol and drugs during natural disaster situations might reduce risk for injury. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC USA. Fed Emergency Management Assoc, Tech Serv Div, Washington, DC USA. Virginia Ctr Hlth Stat, Richmond, VA USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. RP Jani, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ajani@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 999FY UT WOS:000234375500016 PM 16340521 ER PT J AU Bell, JL Grushecky, ST AF Bell, JL Grushecky, ST TI Evaluating the effectiveness of a logger safety training program SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE logging; logger; safety; training ID WEST-VIRGINIA; CERTIFICATION; INJURIES AB Introduction: Logger safety training programs are rarely, if ever, evaluated as to their effectiveness in reducing injuries. Method: Workers' compensation claim rates were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a logger safety training program, the West Virginia Loggers' Safety Initiative (LST). Results: There was no claim rate decline detected in the majority (67%) of companies that participated in all 4 years of the LSI. Furthermore, their rate did not differ from the rest of the WV logging industry that did not participate in the LSI. Worker turnover was significantly related to claim rates; companies with higher turnover of employees had higher claim rates. Companies using feller bunchers to harvest trees at least part of the time had a significantly lower claim rate than companies not using them. Companies that had more inspections per year had lower claim rates. Conclusions: High injury rates persist even in companies that receive safety training; high employee turnover may affect the efficacy of training programs. The logging industry should be encouraged to facilitate the mechanization of logging tasks, to address barriers to employee retention, and to increase the number of in-the-field performance monitoring inspections. Impact on industry: There are many states whose logger safety programs include only about 48 hours of safe work practices training. These states may look to West Virginia's expanded training program (the LSI) as a model for their own programs. However, the LSI training may not be reaching loggers due to the delay in administering training to new employees and high levels of employee turnover. Regardless of training status, loggers' claim rates decline significantly the longer they work for a company. It may be that high injury rates in the state of West Virginia would be best addressed by finding ways to encourage and facilitate companies to become more mechanized in their harvesting practices, and to increase employee tenure. Increasing the number of yearly performance inspections may also be a venue to reduce claim rates. Future research could investigate in better detail the working conditions of West Virginia loggers and identify barriers to job tenure, particularly for workers whose primary job task is chainsaw operation. A larger-scale study of the effect of performance monitoring inspections on claim rates is also warranted. (c) 2006 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Appalachian Hardwood Ctr, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Bell, JL (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM JBell@cdc.gov; SGrushcc@wvu.edu NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2005.10.019 PG 9 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 027QT UT WOS:000236431000006 PM 16516237 ER PT J AU Hedlund, J Shults, RA Compton, R AF Hedlund, J Shults, RA Compton, R TI Graduated driver licensing and teenage driver research in 2006 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE graduated driver licensing; beginning drivers; teenage drivers; driver education ID RISKY DRIVING BEHAVIOR; MOTOR-VEHICLE CRASHES; YOUNG DRIVERS; SENSATION SEEKING; CHECKPOINTS PROGRAM; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; NOVICE DRIVERS; DRINKING; ADULTS; PREVENTION AB This is the third update of research on graduated driver licensing (GDL) and related teenage driver issues. It briefly summarizes research published since or not included in the 2005 update (Hedlund, J., & Compton, R. (2005). Graduated driver licensing research in 2004 and 2005. Journal of Safety Research, 36(2), 109-119.), describes research in progress of which the authors are aware, and announces plans for a symposium on teenage driving and GDL to be held in February 2007. (c) 2006 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jhedlund@sprynet.com NR 106 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 107 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2006.02.001 PG 15 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 052CL UT WOS:000238208400001 PM 16564541 ER PT J AU Sullivent, EE West, CA Noe, RS Thomas, KE Wallace, LJD Leeb, RT AF Sullivent, EE West, CA Noe, RS Thomas, KE Wallace, LJD Leeb, RT TI Nonfatal injuries following Hurricane Katrina - New Orleans, Louisiana, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Katrina; New Orleans; injury surveillance AB The Journal of Safety Research has partnered with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, to briefly report on some of the latest findings in the research community. This report is the fourth in a series of CDC articles. Background: An active injury and illness surveillance system was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) along with the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals (LDHH) in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in functioning hospitals and medical clinics. Results: The surveillance system recorded 7,543 nonfatal injuries among residents and relief workers between September 8-October 14, 2005. The leading mechanisms of injury identified in both groups were fall and cut/stab/pierce, with a greater proportion of residents compared to relief workers injured during the repopulation period. Clean-up was the most common activity at the time of injury for both groups. Conclusion: Injuries documented through this system underscore the need for surveillance of exposed populations to determine the injury burden and initiate injury prevention activities and health communication campaigns. (c) 2006 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sullivent, EE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS F-41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ESullivent@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2006.03.001 PG 5 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 052CL UT WOS:000238208400012 PM 16697414 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ Ballesteros, MF Stevens, JA AF Paulozzi, Leonard J. Ballesteros, Michael F. Stevens, Judy A. TI Recent trends in mortality from unintentional injury in the United States SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE injury; mortality; poisoning; falls; motor-vehicle crash ID PRESCRIPTION DRUGS; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INCREASES; FALLS AB Introduction: Recent observations suggest that the unintentional injury mortality rate may be increasing in the United States for the first time since 1979. Method: This study examined trends in unintentional injury mortality by sex, race, mechanism, and age group to better understand these increases. Results: From 1992 to 2002, mortality increased 11.0% (6.5% for males, 18.5% for females). The mortality rate increased 16.5% among whites, but declined among African Americans and other races. Rates among whites exceeded rates among African Americans for the first time since 1998. Fall rates increased 39.5% from 1992 to 2002, and poisoning rates increased 121.5%. Motor-vehicle rates did not increase overall. Rates in age groups from 40-64 years of age increased for falls, poisoning, and motor-vehicle crashes. Only fall rates increased for the 65+ age group. Conclusions: These results raise the issue of whether these increases have one or more risk factors in common, such as recent increases in the use of alcohol and prescription drugs. (c) 2006 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lbp4@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2006.02.004 PG 7 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 081LX UT WOS:000240320200007 PM 16828115 ER PT J AU Patel, R Dellinger, AM AF Patel, Reshma Dellinger, Ann M. TI Motor-vehicle boarding and alighting injury - how large a problem? SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE motor vehicle; injury; trauma; boarding; alighting AB The Journal of Safety Research has partnered with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, to briefly report on some of the latest findings in the research community. This report is the fifth in a series of CDC articles. (c) 2006 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dellinger, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ADellinger@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3 BP 321 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2006.03.002 PG 3 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 081LX UT WOS:000240320200012 PM 16890958 ER PT J AU Parmer, JE Corso, PS Ballesteros, MF AF Parmer, John E. Corso, Phaedra S. Ballesteros, Michael F. TI A cost analysis of a smoke alarm installation and fire safety education program SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fires/prevention; smoke alarms; cost analysis; accident prevention; accident/home ID CAMPAIGN; INJURIES; WORKING; HEALTH AB Introduction: While smoke alarm installation programs can help prevent residential fire injuries, the costs of running these programs are not well understood. Method: We conducted a retrospective cost analysis of a smoke alarm installation program in 12 funded communities across four states. Costs included financial and economic resources needed for training, canvassing, installing, and following-up, within four cost categories: (a) personnel, (b) transportation, (c) facility, and (d) supplies. Results: Local cost per completed home visit averaged $214.54, with an average local cost per alarm installed of $115.02. Combined state and local cost per alarm installed across all four states averaged $132.15. For every 1% increase in alarm installation, costs per alarm decrease by $1.32. Conclusions: As more smoke alarms are installed, the average installation cost per alarm decreases. By demonstrating effective economies of scale, this study suggests that smoke alarm programs can be implemented efficiently and receive positive economic returns on investment. (c) 2006 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ballesteros, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mballesteros@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2006.05.006 PG 7 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 105IV UT WOS:000242024500006 PM 17011582 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ AF Paulozzi, Leonard J. TI Is it safe to walk in the Sunbelt? Geographic variation among pedestrian fatalities in the United States, 1999-2003 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE unintentional injury; accidents; traffic; pedestrian; alcohol; geography ID MOTOR-VEHICLE CRASHES; TRAFFIC FATALITIES; URBAN SPRAWL; ALCOHOL; RISK; INJURY; COLLISIONS; MORTALITY; DRINKING AB Introduction: Previous work using data from the 1980s showed higher rates of pedestrian mortality in the southern United States. Methods: This study was a descriptive analysis of state-specific mortality information from the National Center for Health Statistics for 1999-2002 and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration for 2003. Results: Highest rates were in the southern rim ("Sunbelt") states for the U.S. population and for the non-Hispanic white population. Rural rates in the highest quartile were 2.1 (95% CI 1.8 to 2.6) times those in the lowest quartile. Urban rates in the highest quartile were 2.2 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.5) times those in the lowest quartile. Posted speed limits at crash sites were 2.6 (95% CI 2.0 to 3.4) times more likely to be >= 35 mph (48.3 km/h) in the highest quartile than in the lowest quartile. Pedestrians killed in the highest quartile were 1.9 (95% CI 1.2 to 3.1) times more likely to have blood alcohol concentrations >= 0.25 g/dL than pedestrians in the lowest quartile. Conclusions: The highest pedestrian fatality rates concentrate in Sunbelt states experiencing rapid population growth in the past 50 years. This pattern may result from at least three features of these states: (a) a high percentage of urban vehicle miles traveled; (b) urban sprawl; and (c) a high prevalence of alcohol use - especially heavy use - among Sunbelt pedestrians. (c) 2006 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Lbp4@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 5 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2006.06.003 PG 7 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 123FF UT WOS:000243281000004 PM 17112541 ER PT J AU Lee, NE De, AK Simon, PA AF Lee, NE De, AK Simon, PA TI School-based physical fitness testing identifies large disparities in childhood overweight in Los Angeles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID US CHILDREN; INCREASE; INCOME AB Few data are available on the epidemic of childhood overweight in local jurisdictions. To determine the prevalence and identify demographic and socioeconomic correlates of childhood overweight, we assessed height and weight data on 281,630 Los Angeles County, CA, public school students collected during school-based physical fitness testing in 2001. Overweight prevalence was 20.6% overall and varied by race/ethnicity: 25.2% among Latinos, 20.0% among Pacific Islanders, 19.4% among blacks, 17.6% among American Indians, 13.0% among whites, and 11.9% among Asians. By using multilevel analysis, we found that school-level percentage of students enrolled in free or reduced-price meal programs was independently associated with overweight, after controlling for school-level median household income and student-level demographic characteristics. When local overweight prevalence data are unavailable, percentage enrollment in free or reduced-price meal programs might be a useful indicator to identify schools where focused overweight prevention and control interventions are most needed. C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Off Hlth Assessment & Epidemiol, Epidemiol Program Off, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Lee, NE (reprint author), Permanente Med Grp Inc, Dept Med & Family Practice, 260 Int Circle,1 N, San Jose, CA 95119 USA. EM leenolan@gmail.com NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 106 IS 1 BP 118 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2005.09.053 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 998LZ UT WOS:000234321600020 PM 16390676 ER PT J AU Perz, JF Fiore, AE AF Perz, Joseph F. Fiore, Anthony E. TI Preventing the transmission of bloodborne viruses during glucose monitoring: Lessons learned from recent outbreaks SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Perz, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-8610 J9 J AM MED DIR ASSOC JI J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 65 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.jamda.2005.09.008 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 078XS UT WOS:000240140200013 PM 16413439 ER PT J AU Loonsk, JW McGarvey, SR Conn, LA Johnson, J AF Loonsk, JW McGarvey, SR Conn, LA Johnson, J TI The Public Health Information Network (PHIN) preparedness initiative SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Public Health Information Network (PHIN) Preparedness initiative strives to implement, on an accelerated pace, a consistent national network of information systems that will support public health in being prepared for public health emergencies. Using the principles and practices of the broader PHIN initiative, PHIN Preparedness concentrates in the short term on ensuring that all public health jurisdictions have, or have access to, systems to accomplish known preparedness functions. The PHIN Preparedness initiative defines functional requirements, technical standards and specifications, and a process to achieve consistency and interconnectedness of preparedness systems across public health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, Mclean, VA USA. RP Loonsk, JW (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jloonsk@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1197/jamia.M1815 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 004AI UT WOS:000234724000001 PM 16221945 ER PT J AU Luebke, RW Chen, DH Dietert, R Yang, Y King, M Luster, MI AF Luebke, RW Chen, DH Dietert, R Yang, Y King, M Luster, MI TI The comparative immunotoxicity of five selected compounds following developmental or adult exposure SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; DEVELOPING IMMUNE-SYSTEM; TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; PRENATAL DIAZEPAM EXPOSURE; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; HOST-RESISTANCE; LEAD-EXPOSURE AB It is well established that human diseases associated with abnormal immune function, including some common infectious diseases and asthma, are considerably more prevalent at younger ages. Although not established absolutely, it is generally believed that development constitutes a period of increased immune system susceptibility to xenobiotics, since adverse effects may occur at lower doses and/or immunomodulation may be more persistent, thus increasing the relative risk of xenobiotic exposure to the immunologically immature organism. To address this issue, a brief overview of immune maturation in humans is provided to demonstrate that functional immaturity alone predisposes the young to infection. Age-dependent differences in the immunotoxic effects of five diverse compounds, diethylstilbestrol (DES), diazepam (DZP), lead (Pb), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and tributyltin oxide (TBTO), which have undergone adult and developmental immunotoxicity testing in rodents, are then reviewed, as are human data when available. For all five chemicals, the developing immune system was found to be at greater risk than that of the adult, either because lower doses produced immunotoxicity, adverse effects were more persistent, or both. C1 US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Comparat & Environm Toxicol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticides Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM luebke.robert@epi.gov NR 116 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1080/15287390500194326 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 998AO UT WOS:000234290500001 PM 16393867 ER PT J AU Gwinn, MR Vallyathan, V AF Gwinn, MR Vallyathan, V TI Respiratory burst: Role in signal transduction in alveolar macrophages SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NF-KAPPA-B; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; REACTIVE OXYGEN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; 2ND-MESSENGER PATHWAYS; REGULATED KINASE AB Alveolar macrophages play an important role in defense against airborne pathogens and particles. These macrophages respond through both the adaptive and acquired immune responses, and through the activation of a multitude of signaling pathways. One major macrophage defense mechanism is respiratory burst, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While the ROS produced may act directly in pathogen killing, they may also be involved as secondary signaling messengers. This review focuses on the activation of four main signaling pathways following the production of reactive oxygen species. These pathways include the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF kappa B), activating protein-1 (AP-1), mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphotidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathways. This review also briefly examines the role of ROS in DNA damage, in particular looking at the base excision repair pathway (BER), the main pathway involved in repair of oxidative DNA damage. This review highlights many of the studies in the field of ROS, signal transduction, and DNA damage; however, work still remains to further elucidate the role of ROS in disease. C1 NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Gwinn, MR (reprint author), NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM vav1@cdc.gov NR 81 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1080/15287390500196081 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 998AO UT WOS:000234290500002 PM 16393868 ER PT J AU Russell, MN Cetron, MS Eidex, RB AF Russell, MN Cetron, MS Eidex, RB TI The US-certified yellow fever vaccination center registry: A tool for travelers, state health departments, and vaccine providers SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Russell, MN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 48 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2006.00011.x PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 005GC UT WOS:000234809600007 PM 16412108 ER PT J AU Santibanez, SS Garfein, RS Swartzendruber, A Purcell, DW Paxton, LA Greenberg, AE AF Santibanez, SS Garfein, RS Swartzendruber, A Purcell, DW Paxton, LA Greenberg, AE TI Update and overview of practical epidemiologic aspects of HIV/AIDS among injection drug users in the United States SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE epidemiology; HIV/AIDS; injection drug users; risk behaviors ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; OUT-OF-TREATMENT; HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; NEEDLE EXCHANGE PROGRAMS; US METROPOLITAN-AREAS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; SAN-FRANCISCO; SMOKE CRACK; PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS AB In a changing public health landscape in which local, state, and federal agencies must confront threats of bioterrorism, emerging infections, and numerous chronic diseases, transmission of HIV among injection drug users (ID Us) continues to be an important public health issue and one of the driving forces behind the HIV epidemic. Using a computerized MEDLINE search of published articles from January 1981 through October 2005, we conducted a literature review of practical epidemiologic aspects of HIV/AIDS among IDUs in the United States. Although recent trends indicate a decline in the Proportion of newly diagnosed HIV infections associated with injection drug use, drug-use behaviors overall still account for 32% of new HIV diagnoses. Factors in addition to syringe sharing contribute to HIV transmission among IDUs: risky sexual behaviors, sharing of drug preparation equipment and drug solutions, and contextual and social factors. Promising approaches for HIV prevention include rapid HIV testing, office-based substance abuse treatment, behavioral interventions, improved communication about syringe exchange programs, and case management. HIV among IDUs continues to be an important public health problem in the 21st century It is imperative that public health agencies continue to monitor and combat the HIV epidemic among ID Us to ensure that bard-won gains will not be eroded. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Santibanez, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop K-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssantibanez@cdc.gov OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 119 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD JAN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 86 EP 100 DI 10.1007/s11524-005-9009-2 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 038MZ UT WOS:000237227300009 PM 16736357 ER PT J AU Butrapet, S Kinney, RA Huang, CYH AF Butrapet, S Kinney, RA Huang, CYH TI Determining genetic stabilities of chimeric dengue vaccine candidates based on dengue 2 PDK-53 virus by sequencing and quantitative TaqMAMA SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFICATION MUTATION ASSAY; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ATTENUATED VACCINE; STRAIN 16681; LIVE; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY; SAFETY; CHALLENGE AB The genetic stabilities of the three attenuation loci of the candidate dengue 2 (D2) PDK-53 vaccine virus were evaluated for the PDK-53 virus and PDK-53-vectored chimeric D2/1 D2/3, and D2/4 viruses following 10 sequential passages in Vero cells. Sequencing revealed that the dominant NS1-53-Asp and the NS3-250-Val attenuation loci were extremely stable, whereas reversion occurred at the 5'NCR-57-U locus in 10 of the 18 viral lineages tested. A more sensitive and quantitative assay, the TaqMan mismatch amplification mutation assay (TaqMAMA), was employed to more finely discriminate the level of reversion at the 5'NCR-57 locus. This rapid genetic assay permitted detection of <= 1% reversion of YNCR-57 U-to-C in viral populations. By TaqMAMA, various levels of reversion at 5'NCR-57 were detected in all 18 of the PDK-53-based viral lineages tested at Vero passage 10, but only 3 lineages had reversion levels > 80% in the viral population. Chimeric viruses based on the PDK-53-V (all three Mutations present) genetic background were more stable than those developed in the PDK-53-E (5'NCR and NS I mutations present) background. The TaqMAMA can be applied in quality control analyses to ensure that attenuated vaccine seeds contain undetectable or minimal levels of reversion at a given attenuation locus. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Huang, CYH (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM CHuang1@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JAN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.viromet.2005.06.019 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 002AC UT WOS:000234582800001 PM 16087248 ER PT J AU Jothikumar, N Cromeans, TL Robertson, BH Meng, XJ Hill, VR AF Jothikumar, N Cromeans, TL Robertson, BH Meng, XJ Hill, VR TI A broadly reactive one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for rapid and sensitive detection of hepatitis E virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECIES INFECTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; UNITED-STATES; AVIAN HEV; SWINE; SAMPLES; SEWAGE; PIGS AB Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is transmitted by the fecal-oral route and causes sporadic and epidemic forms of acute hepatitis. Large waterborne HEV epidemics have been documented exclusively in developing countries. At least four major genotypes of HEV have been reported worldwide: genotype I (found primarily in Asian countries), genotype 2 (isolated from a single outbreak in Mexico), genotype 3 (identified in swine and humans in the United States and many other countries), and genotype 4 (identified in humans, swine and other animals in Asia). To better detect and quantitate different HEV strains that may be present in clinical and environmental samples, we developed a rapid and sensitive real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of HEV RNA. Primers and probes for the real-time RT-PCR were selected based on the multiple sequence alignments of 27 sequences of the ORF3 region. Thirteen HEV isolates representing genotypes 1-4 were used to standardize the real-time RT-PCR assay. The TaqMan (R) assay detected as few as four genome equivalent (GE) copies of HEV plasmid DNA and detected as low as 0.12 50% pig infectious dose (PID(50)) Of swine HEV. Different concentrations of swine HEV (120-1.2 PID(50)) spiked into a Surface water concentrate were detected in the real-time RT-PCR assay. This is the first reporting of a broadly reactive TaqMan (R) RT-PCR assay for the detection of HEV in clinical and environmental samples. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Jothikumar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JIN2@cdc.gov RI Meng, X.J./B-8769-2009; Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Meng, X.J./0000-0002-2739-1334; Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 NR 42 TC 240 Z9 255 U1 9 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JAN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.viromet.2005.07.004 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 002AC UT WOS:000234582800010 PM 16125257 ER PT J AU Sanchez, AJ Vincent, MJ Erickson, BR Nichol, ST AF Sanchez, AJ Vincent, MJ Erickson, BR Nichol, ST TI Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus glycoprotein precursor is cleaved by furin-like and SKI-1 proteases to generate a novel 38-kilodalton glycoprotein SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; C-TYPE LECTIN; EBOLA-VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; CELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE; SUBTILASE SKI-1/S1P; O-GLYCOSYLATION; ACTIVATION; GP AB Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (genus Nairovirus, family Bunyaviridae) genome M segment encodes an unusually large (in comparison to members of other genera) polyprotein (1,684 amino acids in length) containing the two major structural glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, that are posttranslationally processed from precursors PreGn and PreGc by SKI-1 and SKI-1-like proteases, respectively. The characteristics of the N-terminal 519 amino acids located upstream of the mature Gn are unknown. A highly conserved furin/ proprotein convertase (PC) cleavage site motif (RSKR247) is located between the variable N-terminal region that is predicted to have mucin-like properties and the rest of PreGn. Mutational analysis of the RSKR247 Motif and use of a specific furin/PC inhibitor and brefeldin A demonstrate that furin/PC cleavage occurs at the RSKR247 motif of PreGn as the protein transits the trans Golgi network and generates a novel glycoprotein designated GP38. Immunoprecipitation analysis identified two additional proteins, GP85 and GP160, which contain both mucin and GP38 domain regions, and whose generation does not involve furin/PC cleavage. Consistent with glycosylation predictions, heavy O-linked glycosylation and moderate levels of N-glycans were detected in the GP85 and GP160 proteins, both of which contain the mucin domain. GP38, GP85, and GP160 are likely soluble proteins based on the lack of predicted transmembrane domains, their detection in virus-infected cell supernatants, and the apparent absence from virions. Analogy with soluble glycoproteins and mucin-like proteins encoded by other hemorrhagic fever-associated RNA viruses suggests these proteins could play an important role in viral pathogenesis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Mail Stop G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM stn1@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1 BP 514 EP 525 DI 10.1128/JVI.80.1.514-525.2006 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 009DO UT WOS:000235091700049 PM 16352575 ER PT J AU Gil, LHVG Ansari, IH Vassilev, V Liang, DL Lai, VCH Zhong, WD Hong, Z Dubovi, EJ Donis, RO AF Gil, LHVG Ansari, IH Vassilev, V Liang, DL Lai, VCH Zhong, WD Hong, Z Dubovi, EJ Donis, RO TI The amino-terminal domain of bovine viral diarrhea virus N-pro protein is necessary for alpha/beta interferon antagonism SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; SWINE-FEVER VIRUS; MUCOSAL DISEASE VIRUS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; REGULATORY FACTOR-3; IN-VITRO; RUMINANT PESTIVIRUSES; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; KAPPA-B; UNINFECTED MACROPHAGES AB The alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) system is the first line of defense against viral infection and a critical link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. IFN-alpha/beta secretion is the hallmark of cellular responses to acute RNA virus infections. As part of their survival strategy, many viruses have evolved mechanisms to counteract the host IFN-alpha/beta response. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (genus Pestivirus) was reported to trigger interferon production in infected cultured cells under certain circumstances or to suppress it under others. Our studies with various cultured fibroblasts and epithelial bovine cells indicated that cytopathic (cp) BVDV induces IFN-alpha/beta very inefficiently. Using a set of engineered cp BVDVs expressing mutant N-pro and appropriate controls, we found that the IFN-alpha/beta response to infection was dependent on N-pro expression and independent of viral replication efficiency. In order to investigate whether the protease activity of N-pro is required for IFN-alpha/beta antagonism, we engineered N-pro mutants lacking protease activity by replacement of amino acid E-22, H-49, or C-69. We found that E-22 and H-49 substitutions abolished the ability of N-pro to suppress IFN, whereas C-69 had no effect, suggesting that the structural integrity of the N terminus of N-pro was more important than its catalytic activity for IFN-alpha/beta suppression. A catalytically active mutant with a change at a conserved N-pro region near the N terminus (L8P) in both BVDV biotypes did not antagonize IFN-alpha/beta production, confirming its involvement in this process. Taken together, these results not only provide direct evidence for the role of N-pro in blocking IFN-alpha/beta induction, but also implicate the amino-terminal domain of the protein in this function. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat & Diagnost Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Valeant Pharmaceut, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. RP Donis, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Genet Sect, Influenza Branch, DVRD,NCID, Mail Stop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rdonis@cdc.gov NR 82 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 2 BP 900 EP 911 DI 10.1128/JVI.80.2.900-911.2006 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 999IL UT WOS:000234382900036 PM 16378992 ER PT J AU Hendershot, GE Crews, JE AF Hendershot, GE Crews, JE TI Toward international comparability of survey statistics on visual impairment: The DISTAB project SO JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY; SOUTH-AFRICA; POPULATION; REHABILITATION; PREVALENCE; BLINDNESS; GLAUCOMA; PEOPLE; ICIDH; ICF AB Using data from recent national disability surveys in Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands, South Africa, and the United States, an international team of researchers coded indicators of several types of disability using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. This article discusses the Disability Tabulations (DISTAB) project and presents and evaluates the estimates of the prevalence of visual impairments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Disabil & Hlth Team, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hendershot, GE (reprint author), 4437 Wells Pkwy, University Pk, MD 20782 USA. EM ghendershot@earthlink.net; john.crews@cdc.hhs.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FOUNDATION BLIND PI NEW YORK PA J VISUAL IMPAIRMENT BLINDNESS 11 PENN PLAZA SUITE 300, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0145-482X J9 J VISUAL IMPAIR BLIN JI J. Vis. Impair. Blind. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 BP 11 EP 25 PG 15 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 010KZ UT WOS:000235194900003 ER PT J AU Crews, JE Kirchner, C Lollar, DJ AF Crews, John E. Kirchner, Corinne Lollar, Donald J. TI The view from the crossroads of public health and vision (re)habilitation SO JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Disabil Hlth Program, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Fdn Blind, Policy Res Dept, New York, NY 10001 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Extramural Res, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Crews, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Disabil Hlth Program, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcrews@cdc.gov; corinne@afb.ney; dlollar@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FOUNDATION BLIND PI NEW YORK PA J VISUAL IMPAIRMENT BLINDNESS 11 PENN PLAZA SUITE 300, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0145-482X J9 J VISUAL IMPAIR BLIN JI J. Vis. Impair. Blind. PY 2006 VL 100 SI SI BP 773 EP 779 PG 7 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 136NF UT WOS:000244230700003 ER PT J AU Crews, JE Jones, GC Kim, JH AF Crews, John E. Jones, Gwyn C. Kim, Julie H. TI Double jeopardy: The effects of comorbid conditions among older people with vision loss SO JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; RISK-FACTORS; FUNCTIONAL DECLINE; HEALTH BEHAVIORS; SCREENING SCALES; HIP FRACTURE; DISABILITY; ADULTS; WOMEN AB This retrospective study used national survey data to examine multiple effects of nine comorbid conditions-breathing problems, depression risk, diabetes, heart problems, hearing impairment, hypertension, joint problems, low back pain, and stroke-on physical functioning, participation, and health status among older adults with visual impairments. Bivariate and multivariate procedures were used to compare older adults who had neither visual impairment nor these conditions with adults of similar age who had one of the nine conditions only, visual impairment only, or both visual impairment and the condition. Findings indicate that older adults with visual impairment frequently experience comorbid conditions, and that these conditions are associated with difficulties in walking and climbing steps, shopping, and socializing, and with significantly more self-reports of declining health. Results suggest that interventions by health care and mental health providers, as well as enhanced rehabilitation services, have the potential to reduce or prevent the deleterious effects of comorbid conditions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Disabil & Hlth Program, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Flushing Hosp & Med Ctr, Med Ctr, Flushing, NY 11355 USA. RP Crews, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Disabil & Hlth Program, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcrews@cdc.gov; gbj4@cdc.gov; jhkim0l@alumni.amherst.edu NR 37 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER FOUNDATION BLIND PI NEW YORK PA J VISUAL IMPAIRMENT BLINDNESS 2 PENN PLAZA, SUITE 1102, NEW YORK, NY 10121 USA SN 0145-482X EI 1559-1476 J9 J VISUAL IMPAIR BLIN JI J. Vis. Impair. Blind. PY 2006 VL 100 SI SI BP 824 EP 848 PG 25 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 136NF UT WOS:000244230700007 ER PT J AU Nemeth, N Gould, D Bowen, R Komar, N AF Nemeth, N Gould, D Bowen, R Komar, N TI Natural and experimental West Nile virus infection in five raptor species SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE American kestrel; barn owl; experimental infection; golden eagle; great horned owl; histopathology; raptors; red-tailed hawk; West Nile virus ID NEW-YORK-CITY; PATHOGENICITY; ALLIGATORS; MOSQUITOS; OUTBREAK; HAWK AB We studied the effects of natural and/or experimental infections of West Nile virus (WNV) in five raptor species from July 2002 to Match 2004, including American kestrels (Falco sparverius), golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), barn owls (Tyro alba), and great horned owls (Bubo virginianus). Birds were infected per mosquito bite, per os, or percutaneously by needle. Many experimentally infected birds developed mosquito-infectious levels of viremia (> 10(5) WNV plaque forming units per ml serum) within 5 days postinoculation (DPI), and/ or shed virus per os or per cloaca. Infection of organs 15-27 days postinoculation was infrequently detected by virus isolation from spleen, kidney, skin, heart, brain, quid eye in convalescent birds. Histopathologic findings varied among species and by method of infection. The most common histopathologic lesions were subacute myocarditis and encephalitis. Several birds had a more acute, severe disease condition represented by arteritis and associated with tissue degeneration and necrosis. This study demonstrates that raptor species vary in their response to WNV infection and that several modes of exposure (e.g., oral) may result ill infection. Wildlife managers should recognize that, although many WNV infections are sublethal to raptor, subacute lesions could potentially reduce viability of populations. We recommend that raptor handlers consider raptors as a potential source of WNV contamination chic to oral and cloacal shedding. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Nemeth, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM nnemeth@colostate.edu NR 28 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 046MJ UT WOS:000237815400001 PM 16699143 ER PT J AU McGuire, LC Ahluwalia, IB Strine, TW AF McGuire, LC Ahluwalia, IB Strine, TW TI Chronic disease-related behaviors in U.S. older women: Behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2003 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of selected behaviors related to chronic diseases among women >= 65 years old using the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. Methods and Results: Seven behaviors were assessed: having a healthy weight, current cigarette smoking status, consumption of at least five fruits or vegetables daily, leisure time physical activity in the the past month, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during the average week, influenza immunization in the past year, and lifetime pneumococcal immunization. With increasing age, women >= 65 years old were more likely to have a healthy weight, to be a nonsmoker, and to consume at least five fruits or vegetables daily and less likely to participate in any leisure time or moderate-to-vigorous physical activities. Women with higher incomes and educational attainment were more likely to engage in most healthful behaviors and to have a healthy weight. However, black non-Hispanic women were less likely than white women or those of other race or ethnicity to engage in most healthful behaviors and to have a healthy weight. Women who rated their health as fair or poor were more likely to receive a pneumococcal immunization, and those who rated their health as excellent were least likely to receive an influenza immunization in the past year. Conclusions: BRFSS data can be used to monitor the prevalence of behaviors related to chronic disease of women aged >= 65 years and to develop programs and polices that promote and reinforce healthful behaviors. These measures have the potential to help reduce morbidity and morality from chronic disease in older women, thereby minimizing the discrepancy between years of healthy life expectancy and life expectancy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McGuire, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mail Stop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LMcGuire@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JAN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.3 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 007RY UT WOS:000234988500001 PM 16417411 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Packard, M Nolte, KB Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Packard, M Nolte, KB Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR TI Immunohistochemical assay for streptococcus pneumoniae in autopsy cases: Can sensitivity and specificity be obtained? SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 86 SU 1 MA 1184 BP 255A EP 255A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 996WY UT WOS:000234207602032 ER PT B AU Benson, RF Lucas, CE Brown, EW Cowgill, KD Fields, BS AF Benson, Robert F. Lucas, Claressa E. Brown, Ellen W. Cowgill, Karen D. Fields, Barry S. BE Cianciotto, NP Kwaik, YA Edelstein, PH Fields, BS Geary, DF Harrison, TG Joseph, CA Ratcliff, RM Stout, JE Swanson, MS TI Molecular comparison of isolates from a recurring outbreak of Legionnaires' disease spanning 22 years SO LEGIONELLA: STATE OF THE ART 30 YEARS AFTER ITS RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Legionella CY OCT 16-20, 2005 CL Chicago, IL ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA SEROGROUP-1; SYSTEM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Benson, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-390-1 PY 2006 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA BFS09 UT WOS:000244175400037 ER PT B AU Fields, BS Lucas, CE AF Fields, Barry S. Lucas, Claressa E. BE Cianciotto, NP Kwaik, YA Edelstein, PH Fields, BS Geary, DF Harrison, TG Joseph, CA Ratcliff, RM Stout, JE Swanson, MS TI Characterization of sessile and planktonic Legionella pneumophila in model biofilms SO LEGIONELLA: STATE OF THE ART 30 YEARS AFTER ITS RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Legionella CY OCT 16-20, 2005 CL Chicago, IL ID POTABLE-WATER; VIRULENCE; SECRETION; GROWTH; SYSTEM; PILI C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fields, BS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-390-1 PY 2006 BP 383 EP 389 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA BFS09 UT WOS:000244175400090 ER PT B AU Moore, MR Flannery, B Gelling, LB Conroy, M Vugia, D Salerno, J Weintraub, J Stevens, V Fields, BS Besser, R AF Moore, Matthew R. Flannery, Brendan Gelling, Lisa B. Conroy, Michael Vugia, Duc Salerno, James Weintraub, June Stevens, Valerie Fields, Barry S. Besser, Richard BE Cianciotto, NP Kwaik, YA Edelstein, PH Fields, BS Geary, DF Harrison, TG Joseph, CA Ratcliff, RM Stout, JE Swanson, MS TI Control of Legionella in large buildings through community-wide introduction of monochloramine SO LEGIONELLA: STATE OF THE ART 30 YEARS AFTER ITS RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Legionella CY OCT 16-20, 2005 CL Chicago, IL ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; WATER; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moore, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-390-1 PY 2006 BP 526 EP 528 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA BFS09 UT WOS:000244175400127 ER PT S AU Ruder, AM AF Ruder, Avima M. BE Mehlman, MA Soffritti, M Landrigan, P Bingham, E Belpoggi, F TI Potential health effects of occupational chlorinated solvent exposure SO LIVING IN A CHEMICAL WORLD: FRAMING THE FUTURE IN LIGHT OF THE PAST SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Framing the Future in Light of the Past - Living in a Chemical World CY SEP 18-21, 2005 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Comuni Carpi, European Ramazzini Fdn, Natl Ramazzini Inst, Collegium Ramazzini DE chlorinated solvents; occupational exposure; trichloroethylene; tetrachloroethylene; health effects; cancer ID DRY-CLEANING WORKERS; RENAL-CELL CANCER; BIOMEDICAL-RESEARCH LABORATORIES; SYNTHETIC TEXTILES PLANT; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; RISK-FACTORS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE EXPOSURE; PERCHLOROETHYLENE EXPOSURE AB Based on toxicology, metabolism, animal studies, and human studies, occupational exposure to chlorinated aliphatic solvents (methanes, ethanes, and ethenes) has been associated with numerous adverse health effects, including central nervous system, reproductive, liver, and kidney toxicity, and carcinogenicity. However, many of these solvents remain in active, large-volume use. This article reviews the recent occupational epidemiology literature on the most widely used solvents, methylene chloride, chloroform, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene, and discusses other chlorinated aliphatics. The impact of studies to date has been lessened because of small study size, inability to control for confounding factors, particularly smoking and mixed occupational exposures, and the lack of evidence for a solid pathway from occupational exposure to biological evidence of exposure, to precursors of health effects, and to health effects. International differences in exposure limits may provide a "natural experiment" in the coming years if countries that have lowered exposure limits subsequently experience decreased adverse health effects among exposed workers. Such decreases could provide some evidence that higher levels of adverse health effects were associated with higher levels of solvent exposure: The definitive studies, which should be prospective biomarker studies incorporating body burden of solvents as well as markers of effect, remain to be done. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ruder, AM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop R-16,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM amr2@cdc.gov RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 117 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-653-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1076 BP 207 EP 227 DI 10.1196/annals.1371.050 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BFH91 UT WOS:000241943500015 PM 17119204 ER PT S AU Dearwent, SM Mumtaz, MM Godfrey, G Sinks, T Falk, H AF Dearwent, Steve M. Mumtaz, M. Moiz Godfrey, Gail Sinks, Thomas Falk, Henry BE Mehlman, MA Soffritti, M Landrigan, P Bingham, E Belpoggi, F TI Health effects of hazardous waste SO LIVING IN A CHEMICAL WORLD: FRAMING THE FUTURE IN LIGHT OF THE PAST SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Framing the Future in Light of the Past - Living in a Chemical World CY SEP 18-21, 2005 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Comuni Carpi, European Ramazzini Fdn, Natl Ramazzini Inst, Collegium Ramazzini DE ATSDR; hazardous waste; superfund ID ASBESTOS-CONTAMINATED VERMICULITE; ABNORMALITIES; EXPOSURE; LIBBY AB Since 1995, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has evaluated environmental contaminants and human health risks at nearly 3000 sites. Hazardous substances at these sites include newly emerging problems as well as historically identified threats. ATSDR classifies sites according to the degree of hazard they represent to the public. Less than 1% of the sites investigated are considered urgent public health hazards where chemical or physical hazards are at levels that could cause an immediate threat to life or health. Approximately 20% of sites have a potential for long-term human exposures above acceptable risk levels. At almost 40% of sites, hazardous substances do not represent a public health hazard. Completed exposure pathways for contaminants in air, water, and soil have been reported at approximately 30% of evaluated sites. The most common contaminants of concern at these sites include heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, and polyhazard of asbestos, and the emerging issue of perchlorate contamination. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ATSDR, NCEH, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Coordinating Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dearwent, SM (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sdearwent@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-653-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1076 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.1196/annals.1371.043 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BFH91 UT WOS:000241943500034 PM 17119223 ER PT S AU Connor, TH AF Connor, Thomas H. BE Mehlman, MA Soffritti, M Landrigan, P Bingham, E Belpoggi, F TI Hazardous anticancer drugs in health care: Environmental exposure assessment SO LIVING IN A CHEMICAL WORLD: FRAMING THE FUTURE IN LIGHT OF THE PAST SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Framing the Future in Light of the Past - Living in a Chemical World CY SEP 18-21, 2005 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Comuni Carpi, European Ramazzini Fdn, Natl Ramazzini Inst, Collegium Ramazzini DE antineoplastic drugs; occupational exposure; exposure assessment ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MONITORING OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; SURFACE CONTAMINATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CYTOSTATIC DRUGS; CLOSED-SYSTEM; HOSPITAL PHARMACY; NURSES; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE AB Exposure of healthcare workers to anticancer drugs became problematic in the 1970s. Shortly thereafter, studies began documenting exposure of healthcare workers to these drugs. Investigations employing biological markers, such as urine mutagenicity, chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and micronuclei, demonstrated associations between occupational exposures and elevated marker levels. Other analytical methods emerged to monitor workplaces where drugs were handled. These contemporary studies uncovered widespread contamination of drugs on work surfaces, trace amounts in air samples, and their presence in the urine of workers. Vials containing these drugs are often contaminated with the drug when they are shipped. Most work-place surfaces are contaminated with the drugs being prepared and used in that area. Other anticancer/hazardous drugs would most likely be used in these areas. The carts, storage bins, waste containers, treatment areas, tabletops, chairs, linen, and other items are all potential sources of exposure to anticancer drugs. Patient body fluids contain the drugs and/or metabolites, often more biologically active than the parent compounds. An exposure assessment of areas where anticancer/hazardous drugs are handled must consider every potential source and route of exposure. Data from surface contamination and inhalation studies suggest that dermal exposure is the primary route of exposure. Assessment of exposure is the first step in providing a safe work environment for these workers. However, because of the many drugs to which they are exposed, any assessment can only be an estimation of the overall exposure. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Connor, TH (reprint author), NIOSH, MS C-23,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM tmc6@cdc.gov RI Connor, Thomas/B-7937-2011 NR 53 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-653-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1076 BP 615 EP 623 DI 10.1196/annals.1371.021 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BFH91 UT WOS:000241943500049 PM 17119238 ER PT S AU De Rosa, CT Hicks, HE Ashizawa, AE Pohl, HR Mumtaz, MM AF De Rosa, Christopher T. Hicks, Heraline E. Ashizawa, Annette E. Pohl, Hana R. Mumtaz, M. Moiz BE Mehlman, MA Soffritti, M Landrigan, P Bingham, E Belpoggi, F TI A regional approach to assess the impact of living in a chemical world SO LIVING IN A CHEMICAL WORLD: FRAMING THE FUTURE IN LIGHT OF THE PAST SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Framing the Future in Light of the Past - Living in a Chemical World CY SEP 18-21, 2005 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Comuni Carpi, European Ramazzini Fdn, Natl Ramazzini Inst, Collegium Ramazzini DE Great Lakes; human health; vulnerable populations; chemical mixtures; persistent toxic substances; syndromic surveillance; community-based research ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; MIXTURES; EXPOSURE; FISH AB In the United States, some 80,000 commercial and industrial chemicals are now in use of which over 30,000 are produced or used in the Great Lakes region. Thus, the environmental quality within the Great Lakes basin has been compromised particularly with respect to persistent toxic substances (PTS). Information derived from wildlife studies, prospective epidemiological and toxicological studies, databases, demographics, and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) demonstrate significant public health implications. Studies of human populations indicate: (a) elevated body burden levels of PTSs, (b) decrease in gestational age, (c) low birth weight (LBW), (d) greater risk of male children with birth defects (OR = 3.01), (e) developmental and neurological deficits, (f) increased risk of infertility, (g) changes in sex ratio, and (h) fluctuations in thyroid hormones. These findings have been identified in vulnerable populations, such as the developing fetus, children, minorities, and men and women of reproductive age who are more susceptible because of their physiologic sensitivity and/or elevated exposure to toxic chemicals. Typically such health effects are assessed on a chemical specific basis; however, most human populations are exposed to hazardous chemicals as mixtures in air, water, soil, and biota. In this article we present an assessment of the potential for joint toxic action of these substances in combinations in which they are typically found. These evaluations represent an integration of all available scientific evidence in accordance with the "NAS paradigm" for risk assessment. In aggregate, our evaluations have demonstrated a need for community-based frameworks and computational techniques to track patterns of environmentally related exposures and associated health effects. C1 CDC, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP De Rosa, CT (reprint author), CDC, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop F32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CYD0@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-653-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1076 BP 829 EP 838 DI 10.1196/annals.1371.028 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BFH91 UT WOS:000241943500071 PM 17119260 ER PT J AU Pope, V Ari, MD Schriefer, ME Levett, PN AF Pope, Victoria Ari, Mary D. Schriefer, Martin E. Levett, Paul N. BE Detrick, B Hamilton, RG Folds, JD TI Immunologic Methods for Diagnosis of Spirochetal Diseases SO MANUAL OF MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, 7TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BORNE RELAPSING FEVER; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ACUTE LEPTOSPIROSIS; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; BACTERIOLOGICAL CULTURE; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRES; QUANTITATIVE PCR; BORRELIA-HERMSII; GENE C1 [Pope, Victoria] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ari, Mary D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Schriefer, Martin E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Levett, Paul N.] Saskatchewan Hlth, Prov Lab, Regina, SK S4S 5W6, Canada. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-364-2 PY 2006 BP 477 EP 492 PG 16 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BOX98 UT WOS:000277993100057 ER PT J AU Johnson, BJB AF Johnson, Barbara J. B. BE Detrick, B Hamilton, RG Folds, JD TI Lyme Disease: Serologic Assays for Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi SO MANUAL OF MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, 7TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SENSU-LATO; SERODIAGNOSIS; NEUROBORRELIOSIS; MULTICENTER; ANTIGENS; STRAINS; VLSE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Johnson, BJB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-364-2 PY 2006 BP 493 EP 500 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BOX98 UT WOS:000277993100058 ER PT J AU Hechemy, KE Rikihisa, Y Macaluso, K Burgess, AWO Anderson, BE Thompson, HA AF Hechemy, Karim E. Rikihisa, Yasuko Macaluso, Kevin Burgess, Andrew W. O. Anderson, Burt E. Thompson, Herbert A. BE Detrick, B Hamilton, RG Folds, JD TI The Rickettsiaceae, Anaplasmataceae, Bartonellaceae, and Coxiellaceae SO MANUAL OF MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, 7TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE; PCR-AMPLIFIED DNA; REAL-TIME PCR; FATAL EHRLICHIOSIS; SYNTHASE GENE; IDENTIFICATION; ASSAY C1 [Hechemy, Karim E.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Albany, NY 12208 USA. [Rikihisa, Yasuko] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Macaluso, Kevin] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Burgess, Andrew W. O.; Anderson, Burt E.] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Thompson, Herbert A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hechemy, KE (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-364-2 PY 2006 BP 526 EP 539 PG 14 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BOX98 UT WOS:000277993100062 ER PT J AU Hoffmaster, AR Popovic, T AF Hoffmaster, Alex R. Popovic, Tanja BE Detrick, B Hamilton, RG Folds, JD TI Bacillus anthracis Detection and Anthrax Diagnosis SO MANUAL OF MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, 7TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REAL-TIME PCR; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX; TOXIN GENES; ASSAY; CEREUS; THURINGIENSIS; VALIDATION; PATHOLOGY; SEQUENCE C1 [Hoffmaster, Alex R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Popovic, Tanja] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Officer Chief Sci Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hoffmaster, AR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-364-2 PY 2006 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BOX98 UT WOS:000277993100064 ER PT J AU Wilson, M Schantz, PM Nutman, T AF Wilson, Marianna Schantz, Peter M. Nutman, Thomas BE Detrick, B Hamilton, RG Folds, JD TI Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections SO MANUAL OF MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, 7TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; MALARIA PARASITES; FECAL SPECIMENS; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; ANTIGEN; ASSAY C1 [Wilson, Marianna; Schantz, Peter M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Nutman, Thomas] NIH, Helminth Immunol Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Nutman, Thomas] NIH, Clin Parasitol Unit, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wilson, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS F-36,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-364-2 PY 2006 BP 557 EP 568 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BOX98 UT WOS:000277993100066 ER PT J AU Lindsley, MD Warnock, DW Morrison, CJ AF Lindsley, Mark D. Warnock, David W. Morrison, Christine J. BE Detrick, B Hamilton, RG Folds, JD TI Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Fungal Infections SO MANUAL OF MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, 7TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII-PNEUMONIA; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; REAL-TIME PCR; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COMPLEMENT-FIXATION ANTIGEN; PENICILLIUM-MARNEFFEI INFECTION; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; MURINE MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES C1 [Lindsley, Mark D.; Warnock, David W.; Morrison, Christine J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lindsley, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 171 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-364-2 PY 2006 BP 569 EP 605 PG 37 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BOX98 UT WOS:000277993100067 ER PT J AU Schmid, DS AF Schmid, D. Scott BE Detrick, B Hamilton, RG Folds, JD TI Herpes Simplex Virus SO MANUAL OF MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, 7TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GLYCOPROTEIN-G; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; HUMAN-SERA; ANTIBODIES; ASSAY; TYPE-2; HSV-2; IGG C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schmid, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Team, 1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 7,Room 230,MS G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-364-2 PY 2006 BP 626 EP 630 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BOX98 UT WOS:000277993100071 ER PT J AU Schmid, DS Loparev, V AF Schmid, D. Scott Loparev, Vladimir BE Detrick, B Hamilton, RG Folds, JD TI Varicella-Zoster Virus SO MANUAL OF MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, 7TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WILD-TYPE STRAINS; VACCINE; IDENTIFICATION C1 [Schmid, D. Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schmid, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Team, 1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 7,Room 230,MS G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-364-2 PY 2006 BP 631 EP 636 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BOX98 UT WOS:000277993100072 ER PT J AU Katz, JM Klimov, AI Lindstrom, SE Cox, NJ AF Katz, Jacqueline M. Klimov, Alexander I. Lindstrom, Stephen E. Cox, Nancy J. BE Detrick, B Hamilton, RG Folds, JD TI Influenza Viruses SO MANUAL OF MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, 7TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID A H5N1 VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS; RAPID DETECTION; VIRAL CULTURE; B VIRUSES; CHILDREN; PCR; INFECTION C1 [Katz, Jacqueline M.; Klimov, Alexander I.; Lindstrom, Stephen E.; Cox, Nancy J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-364-2 PY 2006 BP 691 EP 699 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BOX98 UT WOS:000277993100079 ER PT J AU Lanciotti, RS Roehrig, JT AF Lanciotti, Robert S. Roehrig, John T. BE Detrick, B Hamilton, RG Folds, JD TI Arboviruses SO MANUAL OF MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, 7TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RAPID DETECTION; AMPLIFICATION ASSAYS; YELLOW-FEVER; VIRAL-RNA; PCR ASSAY C1 [Lanciotti, Robert S.; Roehrig, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Lanciotti, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-364-2 PY 2006 BP 757 EP 765 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BOX98 UT WOS:000277993100086 ER PT J AU Karem, KL Damon, IK AF Karem, Kevin L. Damon, Inger K. BE Detrick, B Hamilton, RG Folds, JD TI Poxviruses SO MANUAL OF MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, 7TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; VIRUS-SPECIFIC SEQUENCES; MONKEYPOX INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; SMALLPOX; ORTHOPOXVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; TANAPOX; ASSAY C1 [Karem, Kevin L.; Damon, Inger K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Program, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Karem, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Program, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-364-2 PY 2006 BP 810 EP 821 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BOX98 UT WOS:000277993100092 ER PT J AU Schwartz, B Wortley, P AF Schwartz, B. Wortley, P. TI Mass vaccination for annual and pandernic influenza SO MASS VACCINATION: GLOBAL ASPECTS - PROGRESS AND OBSTACLES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PRIMARY-CARE PRACTICES; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; WORKING ADULTS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIC; VISITS; BURDEN; VIRUS AB Influenza virus causes annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. Frequent mutations in circulating influenza strains ("antigenic drift") result in the need for annual vaccination. More than two-thirds of persons in the US. are recommended for annual vaccination. Because influenza vaccine is available seasonally, mass vaccination strategies are well suited to its delivery. Although doctors offices are the most frequent setting for influenza vaccination overall, workplaces, clinics, and community sites (retail stores and pharmacies) also are common vaccination settings. Influenza vaccination also is delivered in mass vaccination clinics to health care workers and military personnel. Universal influenza vaccination, which has been recommended as a strategy to improve prevention by increasing vaccination coverage and providing indirect protection of adults by decreasing infection and transmission among children, would require expanded use of mass vaccination, for example in schools, as well as in the community. Influenza pandernics occur when a new influenza A subtype is introduced into the population ("antigenic shift"). Most or all of the population is susceptible to the pandemic virus and two doses of vaccine may be needed for protection. U.S. pandemic preparedness and response plans indicate that the entire population should be vaccinated beginning with defined priority groups including those who provide essential services including healthcare and those at highest risk of severe illness and death. Pandemic influenza vaccination will occur primarily through the public sector in mass clinic settings. Vaccination program planning must consider issues including coordination, staffing, clinic location and lay-out, security, record keeping, and communications. Exercising vaccination clinics is important for preparedness and can be done in the context of annual influenza vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schwartz, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bxs1@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2006 VL 304 BP 131 EP 152 PG 22 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BFJ90 UT WOS:000242419300008 PM 16989268 ER PT J AU Reef, S AF Reef, S. TI Rubella mass campaigns SO MASS VACCINATION: GLOBAL ASPECTS - PROGRESS AND OBSTACLES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review AB The availability of vaccines that contain both measles and rubella components allows for the elimination of both diseases. Although routine infant vaccination with rubella vaccine has had profound effects on the incidence of both acquired and congenital rubella, mass vaccination rapidly stops circulation of the virus and prevents paradoxical increases in susceptibility of women that might result from decreased exposure in childhood. Whereas routine rubella vaccination has eliminated the infection from many developed countries, mass vaccination has rapidly accomplished the same goal in Latin America and the Caribbean, and is being applied in other developing country areas. C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reef, S (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ser2@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2006 VL 304 BP 221 EP 229 PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BFJ90 UT WOS:000242419300012 PM 16989272 ER PT J AU Muhuri, PK MacDorman, MF Menacker, F AF Muhuri, PK MacDorman, MF Menacker, F TI Method of delivery and neonatal mortality among very low-birth weight infants in the United States SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE method of delivery; neonatal mortality; very low-birth weight ID CESAREAN-SECTION; CERTIFICATE DATA; BREECH DELIVERY; VALIDATION; SURVIVAL; GESTATION; OUTCOMES; PRETERM; FETUS; BORN AB Objective: To examine the association between method of delivery (primary cesarean section vs. vaginal) and neonatal mortality risk (as well as causes of death) among very lowbirth weight first-born infants in the United States. More specifically, to examine this association separately for breech/malpresenting and vertex-presenting infants, while adjusting for selected maternal characteristics, and pregnancy, labor and delivery complications. Methods: The study population was derived from the 1995-1998 birth cohort linked birth/infant death data sets. Binary and multinomial logit regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship in four very low-birth weight categories. Results: Among breech/malpresenting neonates, compared to those delivered vaginally, infants delivered by a primary cesarean section had significantly lower adjusted relative risks of death for all very low-birth weight categories and the decrease in relative risk tended to be larger with each increasing birth weight category. However, for vertex-presenting neonates, results are mixed, suggesting decreased relative mortality risks associated with primary cesarean section, which were significant for 500-749 g, not significant for 750-999 g, and barely significant for 1,000-1,249 g. In contrast, for vertex-presenting neonates weighing 1,250-1,499 g, there was a significantly increased adjusted relative risk associated with primary cesarean section. Differences in cause-specific neonatal mortality by method of delivery and presentation status were also discussed. Conclusions: Primary cesarean section appears to be associated with decreased neonatal mortality risks in each very low-birth weight category for breech/malpresenting infants, but results are mixed for vertex-presenting infants. Causal inferences should be avoided because this was an observational study by design. C1 SAMHSA, Off Appl Studies, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Muhuri, PK (reprint author), SAMHSA, Off Appl Studies, 1 Choke Cherry Rd,Room 7-1014, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. EM pradip.muhuri@samhsa.hhs.gov NR 28 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10995-005-0029-z PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 033IU UT WOS:000236841300008 PM 16408252 ER PT J AU Thornton, PL Kieffer, EC Salabarria-Pena, Y Odoms-Young, A Willis, SK Kim, H Salinas, MA AF Thornton, PL Kieffer, EC Salabarria-Pena, Y Odoms-Young, A Willis, SK Kim, H Salinas, MA TI Weight, diet, and physical activity-related beliefs and practices among pregnant and postpartum Latino women: The role of social support SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE social support; pregnancy; Latinas; diet and weight; physical activity ID AMERICAN WOMEN; CHILDBEARING; OBESITY; HEALTH; FAMILY; POLICY AB Objectives: Eating and physical activity patterns may contribute to excessive pregnancy weight gain and postpartum retention that increase the risks of obesity and diabetes for both Latino mothers and their children. Social support is an important health determinant and may affect health-related beliefs and behaviors. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of social support on weight, diet, and physical activity-related beliefs and behaviors among pregnant and postpartum Latinas. Methods: A community-based participatory project, Promoting Healthy Lifestyles among Women, was conducted in southwest Detroit to plan interventions aimed at reducing risks of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Qualitative analyses of in-depth semistructured interviews with dyads of 10 pregnant and postpartum Latinas, and 10 people who influenced them were conducted. Results: Husbands and some female relatives were primary sources of emotional, instrumental, and informational support for weight, diet, and physical activity-related beliefs and behaviors for Latina participants. Holistic health beliefs and the opinions of others consistently influenced Latinas' motivation and beliefs about the need to remain healthy and the links between behavior and health. Absence of mothers, other female relatives, and friends to provide childcare, companionship for exercise, and advice about food were prominent barriers that limited women's ability to maintain healthy practices during and after pregnancy. Conclusion: The findings support evidence that low-income, recently immigrated pregnant and postpartum Latinas could benefit from community-based, family-oriented interventions that provide social support necessary to promote and sustain healthy lifestyles. C1 Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, WK Kellogg Fdn Scholar Hlth Disparities, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. No Illinois Univ, Sch Allied Hlth, Publ & Community Hlth Program, De Kalb, IL USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Social Work, Chicago, IL USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Thornton, PL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, WK Kellogg Fdn Scholar Hlth Disparities, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. EM pthornt@umich.edu FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU515775/SIP10] NR 40 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s10995-005-0025-3 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 033IU UT WOS:000236841300013 PM 16534660 ER PT J AU Tomashek, KM Ananth, CV Cogswell, ME AF Tomashek, Kay M. Ananth, Cande V. Cogswell, Mary E. TI Risk of stillbirth in relation to maternal haemoglobin concentration during pregnancy SO MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE anaemia; fetal death; pregnancy outcome; stillbirth ID FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; IRON-DEFICIENCY; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PERINATAL-MORTALITY; PRETERM BIRTH; ANEMIA; OUTCOMES; FETAL; POPULATION; NUTRITION AB The authors determined the association between maternal haemoglobin concentration measured at <28 weeks' gestation and late fetal death at >= 28 weeks' gestation (stillbirth). Data were derived from the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey - a nationally representative survey of US deliveries in 1988. Analysis was restricted to women with a singleton live birth (n = 4199) or a stillbirth (n = 1375) for whom maternal prenatal care, haemoglobin, smoking status and gestational age data were available. Haemoglobin concentrations during first and second trimesters, respectively, were classified as mild (10.0 to <11.0 and 9.5 to <10.5 g dL(-1)) or moderate (9.0 to <10.0 and 8.5 to <9.5 g dL(-1)) anaemia, or high haemoglobin ( >= 14.6 g dL(-1) in either trimester). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for stillbirth were derived from discrete proportional hazards regression models after adjusting for confounders. Stillbirth was not associated with mild anaemia or high haemoglobin in either the first or second trimester of pregnancy. Moderate anaemia measured before 28 weeks' gestation was significantly associated with an increased risk of stillbirth among non-black women (adjusted HR: 4.4; 95% Cl: 1.02,19.01). Moderate anaemia was not associated with stillbirths among black women. Further investigation regarding causal mechanisms for this association is warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tomashek, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop K-23,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kct9@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD038902] NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1740-8695 J9 MATERN CHILD NUTR JI Matern. Child Nutr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2006.00044.x PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 112NW UT WOS:000242534100003 PM 16881911 ER PT J AU Puerta, H Cantillo, C Mills, J Hjelle, B Salazar-Bravo, J Mattar, S AF Puerta, Henry Cantillo, Cesar Mills, James Hjelle, Brian Salazar-Bravo, Jorge Mattar, Salim TI The New-World Hantaviruses. Ecology and epidemiology of an emerging virus in Latin America SO MEDICINA-BUENOS AIRES LA Spanish DT Article DE hantaviruses; ecology; epidemiology; emergent virus; Latin America ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; LAGUNA NEGRA VIRUS; PYGMY RICE RAT; PULMONARY-SYNDROME; ANDES-VIRUS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; SOUTH-AMERICA; CARDIOPULMONARY SYNDROME; OLIGORYZOMYS-MICROTIS AB The hantaviruses are a group of emerging rodent-borne pathogens (family Bunyaviridae; Genus Hantavirus) that are etiologic agents for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe and Asia and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas. HFRS is associated with rodents of the family Muridae, subfamilies Murinae and Arvicolinae; HPS is associated with rodents of the subfamily Sigmodontinae. Since the identification of HCPS in USA in 1993, a large number of cases of HPS and an increasing number of hantaviruses and rodent reservoir hosts have been identified in Central and South America. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated important differences in frequency of infection with hantaviruses in both human and rodent host populations. Antibody prevalences in rodent and human populations may vary from less than 1% to more than 40%. Currently, more than 1500 cases of HCPS have been reported and more than 15 genetically distinct variants of hantaviruses, all associated with sigmodontine rodents, have been identified throughout the Americas. Several characteristics distinguish Latin American HCPS cases from the classical HCPS described for the first time in the USA. These include a variation in severity of disease from moderate and self-limiting to severe, the demonstration of person-to-person transmission, and a somewhat higher incidence of extrapulmonary clinical manifestations in the South American form of HCPS. Nevertheless, our understanding of hantaviruses in the Americas is still far from complete. The factors involved in the dynamics of these viruses in nature, their establishment and transmission within host populations and from hosts to humans, and the variable pathology of these viruses in humans are complex. It is likely that more hantaviruses will be described in the future, and much more data will be required in order to describe the diversity and evolution of this group of pathogens. Latin America, as the center of diversity for Sigmodontine rodents and their hantaviruses is presented with the unique opportunity as well as the challenge of being center stage for continued studies of the dynamics of hantaviruses in natural host populations and the links of host and virus to human populations. C1 Univ Cordoba, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Inst Invest Biol Trop, Monteria, Colombia. Ctr Dis Control, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Hlth Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Epidemiol Zoonoses, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Mattar, S (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Inst Invest Biol Trop, Km 26 Via Cienaga Oro, Monteria, Colombia. EM mattarsalim@hotmail.com NR 97 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU MEDICINA (BUENOS AIRES) PI BUENOS AIRES PA DONATO ALVAREZ 3150, 1427 BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SN 0025-7680 J9 MEDICINA-BUENOS AIRE JI Med.-Buenos Aires PY 2006 VL 66 IS 4 BP 343 EP 356 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 081VW UT WOS:000240346200013 PM 16977974 ER PT J AU Therrell, BL Hannon, WH AF Therrell, Bradford L. Hannon, W. Harry TI National evaluation of US newborn screening system components SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE newborn screening; system evaluation; screening laboratory; quality improvement; program assessment ID DRIED BLOOD; PHENYLKETONURIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM AB Newborn screening has existed as a state-based public health service since the early 1960s. Every state and most territorial jurisdictions have comprehensive newborn screening programs in place, but in the United States a national newborn screening policy does not exist. This results in different administrative infrastructures, screening requirements, laboratory and follow-up services, medical management approaches, and related activities across the country. Federal initiatives and support have contributed to limited evaluations of various aspects of individual newborn screening programs at the national level, but funding is an issue. The national evaluation strategies have taken various forms, all with the intent of improving the screening system through review of actions taken and suggestions for future improvements. While participation in the national evaluation effort for newborn screening laboratory practices includes all US programs, and this has aided in improving quality and harmonizing protocols, other national evaluation activities have been only moderately successful. National data reporting of quality indicators for various program elements must be comprehensive and timely, and the elements must be universally accepted in order to meet the evaluation and improvement needs of the national newborn screening system. A comprehensive real time national evaluation activity will likely require additional resources and enforcement incentives. Limited federal actions through grant incentives and selected reporting requirements provide a possible means of stimulating programs to participate in national harmonization efforts. Published 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Natl Newborn Screening & Genet Resource Ctr, Austin, TX 78757 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Newborn Screening Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Therrell, BL (reprint author), Natl Newborn Screening & Genet Resource Ctr, 1912 W Anderson Lane 210, Austin, TX 78757 USA. EM therrell@uthscsa.edu FU PHS HHS [U36 MC02604, U93 MC 00148] NR 22 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1080-4013 J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.1002/mrdd.20124 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 122ML UT WOS:000243231000003 PM 17183567 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Packard, M Nolte, KB Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Packard, M Nolte, KB Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR TI Immunohistochemical assay for Streptococcus pneumoniae in autopsy cases: Can sensitivity and specificity be obtained? SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 SU 1 MA 1184 BP 255A EP 255A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 995IR UT WOS:000234094502127 ER PT J AU Ioannidis, JPA Gwinn, M Little, J Higgins, JPT Bernstein, JL Boffetta, P Bondy, M Bray, MS Brenchley, PE Buffler, PA Casas, JP Chokkalingam, A Danesh, J Smith, GD Dolan, S Duncan, R Gruis, NA Hartge, P Hashibe, M Hunter, DJ Jarvelin, MR Malmer, B Maraganore, DM Newton-Bishop, JA O'Brien, TR Petersen, G Riboli, E Salanti, G Seminara, D Smeeth, L Taioli, E Timpson, N Uitterlinden, AG Vineis, P Wareham, N Winn, DM Zimmern, R Khoury, MJ AF Ioannidis, JPA Gwinn, M Little, J Higgins, JPT Bernstein, JL Boffetta, P Bondy, M Bray, MS Brenchley, PE Buffler, PA Casas, JP Chokkalingam, A Danesh, J Smith, GD Dolan, S Duncan, R Gruis, NA Hartge, P Hashibe, M Hunter, DJ Jarvelin, MR Malmer, B Maraganore, DM Newton-Bishop, JA O'Brien, TR Petersen, G Riboli, E Salanti, G Seminara, D Smeeth, L Taioli, E Timpson, N Uitterlinden, AG Vineis, P Wareham, N Winn, DM Zimmern, R Khoury, MJ CA Human Genome Epidemiology Network Network Investigtor Networks TI A road map for efficient and reliable human genome epidemiology SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; PUBLICATION; ASSOCIATION; GUIDELINES; BIAS; ENVIRONMENT; FALSE AB Networks of investigators have begun sharing best practices, tools and methods for analysis of associations between genetic variation and common diseases. A Network of Investigator Networks has been set up to drive the process, sponsored by the Human Genome Epidemiology Network. A workshop is planned to develop consensus guidelines for reporting results of genetic association studies. Published literature databases will be integrated, and unpublished data, including 'negative' studies, will be captured by online journals and through investigator networks. Systematic reviews will be expanded to include more meta-analyses of individual-level data and prospective meta-analyses. Field synopses will offer regularly updated overviews. C1 Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Biomed Res Inst, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. Univ Cambridge, MRC, Biostat Unit, Cambridge CB2 2SR, England. Strangeways Res Lab, Publ Hlth Genet Unit, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69008 Lyon, France. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Royal Infirm, Manchester Inst Nephrol & Transplantat, Renal Res Labs, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1E 7HT, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, Bristol BS8 2PR, Avon, England. March Dimes, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Leiden Univ Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, NL-2333 AL Leiden, Netherlands. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London W2 1PG, England. Univ Oulu, Dept Publ Hlth Sci & Gen Practice, Oulu, Finland. Umea Univ Hosp, Dept Radiat Sci, Umea, Sweden. Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. CR UK Clin Ctr, Genet Epidemiol Div, Leeds LS8 7FT, W Yorkshire, England. Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Inst Sci Interchange Fdn, Turin, Italy. MRC, Epidemiol Unit, Elsie Widdowson Labs, Cambridge CB1 9NL, England. RP Ioannidis, JPA (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. EM jioannid@cc.uoi.gr RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Higgins, Julian/H-4008-2011; Fox, Laura /C-6249-2016; OI Timpson, Nicholas/0000-0002-7141-9189; Higgins, Julian/0000-0002-8323-2514; Gruis, Nelleke/0000-0002-5210-9150; Davey Smith, George/0000-0002-1407-8314; Monsalve, Beatriz Elena/0000-0002-5994-866X; Brenchley, Paul/0000-0003-1290-9919; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta/0000-0002-2149-0630; Newton Bishop, Julia/0000-0001-9147-6802 FU Medical Research Council [G108/492, MC_U106179471] NR 24 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1038/ng0106-3 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 997EG UT WOS:000234227200002 PM 16468121 ER PT J AU Charles, LE Burchfiel, CM Fekedulegn, D Kashon, ML Ross, GW Petrovitch, H Sanderson, WT AF Charles, LE Burchfiel, CM Fekedulegn, D Kashon, ML Ross, GW Petrovitch, H Sanderson, WT TI Occupational exposures and movement abnormalities among Japanese-American men: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE occupational toxin exposures; movement abnormalities; neurological signs; normal aging ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; MANGANESE INTOXICATION; PESTICIDES; MERCURY; OLDER; RISK; NEUROTOXICITY; PROGRESSION; POPULATION; PREVALENCE AB Objective: The authors analyzed data on 1,049 men aged 71-93 years (excluding those with prevalent Parkinson's disease and stroke) from the Honolulu Heart Program (1965-1968) and the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (19911999) to determine whether occupational exposures to pesticides, solvents, metals, manganese, and mercury during middle age were associated with 14 movement abnormalities 25 years later. Methods: Analyses of variance and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess associations of interest. Results: After adjustment for age, BMI, cognitive functioning, smoking, alcohol drinking, education, and physical activity, there was a positive association between abnormal 'facial expression' and the highest exposure to metals [odds ratio (OR) = 2.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.35-5.11; trend, p = 0.02], and the highest exposure to mercury (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.04-3.49; trend, p = 0.03). Age was positively associated with all movement abnormalities, and cognitive function, body mass index and physical activity were inversely associated with most movement abnormalities. Conclusion: Higher exposure to any metal, and specifically mercury, was associated with abnormal facial expression. C1 NIOSH, HELD, BEB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Vet Affairs Pacific Isl Hlth Care Syst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Geriatr Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Kuakini Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. Honolulu Asia Aging Study, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Charles, LE (reprint author), NIOSH, HELD, BEB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS L-4050,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM lcharles@cdc.gov RI Charles, Luenda/H-6008-2011 FU NIA NIH HHS [1-R01-AG17155-01A1, N01-AG-4-2149]; NINDS NIH HHS [1-R01-NS41265-01] NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1159/000091178 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 031WO UT WOS:000236736100002 PM 16439859 ER PT J AU Lillquist, PP Thomas, N Belay, ED Schonberger, LB Morse, D AF Lillquist, PP Thomas, N Belay, ED Schonberger, LB Morse, D TI Barriers to autopsy: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in New York State SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autopsy, barriers; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; physicians, autopsy view ID FUNERAL DIRECTORS; ATTITUDES; RATES; MRI AB Surveillance of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) monitors trends and ensures timely identification of variant CJD and other emergent prion diseases. Brain tissue is needed to definitively diagnose these diseases. A survey of neurologists and pathologists in New York State was conducted to understand neurologists'and pathologists' views on autopsy and CJD. Neurologists reported using autopsy rarely or never. Over half of the pathologists worked in facilities that did not perform autopsies when CJD was suspected. Barriers to autopsy included family reluctance, infection control concerns, and local facilities unable to perform brain autopsy. More accurate, complete recognition of CJD and variant forms depends on physician awareness of the manifestations of CJD and its diagnosis, access to pathologists and facilities willing and able to perform brain biopsies and autopsies, and family acceptance of such procedures. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lillquist, PP (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Room 565,Corning Tower,Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237 USA. EM PPL02@health.state.ny.us RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 FU PHS HHS [U01/C1000311] NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1159/000092794 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 052HQ UT WOS:000238225200004 PM 16645319 ER PT S AU Rice, DC AF Rice, DC BE Davidson, PW Myers, GJ Weiss, B TI From animals to humans: Models and constructs SO NEUROTOXICITY AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES SE International Review of Research in Mental Retardation LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm & Occupat Hlth Program, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Rice, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm & Occupat Hlth Program, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0074-7750 BN 0-12-366230-3 J9 INT REV RES MENT RET JI Int. Rev. Res. Ment. Retard. PY 2006 VL 30 BP 301 EP 337 PG 37 WC Education, Special; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Rehabilitation; Toxicology SC Education & Educational Research; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology; Rehabilitation; Toxicology GA BDN20 UT WOS:000234420900010 ER PT S AU Fang, Y Pekosz, A Haynes, L Nelson, EA Rowland, RRR AF Fang, Ying Pekosz, Andrew Haynes, Lia Nelson, Eric A. Rowland, Raymond R. R. BE Perlamn, S Holmes, KV TI Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV SO NIDOVIRUSES: TOWARD CONTROL OF SARS AND OTHER NIDOVIRUS DISEASES SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Nidovirus Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2005 CL Colorado Springs, CO ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS C1 S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fang, Y (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 0-387-26202-4 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2006 VL 581 BP 153 EP 156 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Virology GA BFC74 UT WOS:000241010800027 PM 17037523 ER PT J AU Ganova-Raeva, L Zhang, XJ Cao, FL Fields, H Khudyakov, Y AF Ganova-Raeva, Lilia Zhang, Xinjian Cao, Fengli Fields, Howard Khudyakov, Yury TI Primer Extension Enrichment Reaction (PEER): a new subtraction method for identification of genetic differences between biological specimens SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE; AMPLIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; CDNA; DISCOVERY; GENOMES; DISPLAY; MMEI AB We developed a conceptually new subtraction strategy for the detection and isolation of target DNA and/or RNA from complex nucleic acid mixtures, called Primer Extension Enrichment Reaction (PEER). PEER uses adapters and class IIS restriction enzymes to generate tagged oligonucleotides from dsDNA fragments derived from specimens containing an unknown target ('tester'). Subtraction is achieved by selectively disabling these oligonucleotides by extension reaction using ddNTPs and a double stranded DNA template generated from a pool of normal specimens ('driver'). Primers that do not acquire ddNTP are used to capture and amplify the unique target DNA from the original tester dsDNA. We successfully applied PEER to specimens containing known infectious agents (Hepatitis B Virus and Walrus Calicivirus) and demonstrated that it has higher efficiency than the best comparable technique. The strategy used for PEER is versatile and can be adapted for the identification of known and unknown pathogens and mutations, differential expression studies and other applications that allow the use of subtractive strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Ganova-Raeva, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM lkg7@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 11 AR e76 DI 10.1093/nar/gkl391 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 075TJ UT WOS:000239907800001 PM 16790564 ER PT J AU Diaz, RH Nanni, T AF Diaz, RH Nanni, T TI Historical reconstruction climate variability and change in Mediterranean regions SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA C-GEOPHYSICS AND SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Historical Reconstruction of Climate Variability and Change in Mediterranean Regions CY OCT 05-06, 2004 CL Bologna, ITALY AB In the frame of "US-Italy cooperation on Science and Technology of climatic change", sponsored by INGV, we organized a meeting focusing on decadal climate variability in the Mediterranean regions in the context of long-term climate change. Our aim is to assess past climate variability using historical climate reconstructions and sources in the Mediterranean region both of western US and southern Europe. This report summarizes some key aspects of climate variability in the Mediterranean region in the past 200 years and identifies uncertainties and unresolved scientific questions still open for further research. C1 NOAA, OAR, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. CNR, ISAC, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Diaz, RH (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, CDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1124-1896 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO C JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. C-Geophys. Space Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1393/ncc/i2005-10214-2 PG 2 GA 040JT UT WOS:000237375500001 ER PT J AU Hoerling, M Hurrell, J Eischeid, J AF Hoerling, M Hurrell, J Eischeid, J TI Mediterranean climate change and Indian ocean warming SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA C-GEOPHYSICS AND SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Historical Reconstruction of Climate Variability and Change in Mediterranean Regions CY OCT 05-06, 2004 CL Bologna, ITALY AB General circulation model (CCM) responses to 20th century changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and greenhouse gases are diagnosed, with emphasis on their relationship to observed regional climate change over the Mediterranean region. A major question is whether the Mediterranean region's drying trend since 1950 can be understood as a consequence of the warming trend in tropical SSTs. We focus on the impact of Indian Ocean warming, which is itself the likely result of increasing greenhouse gases. It is discovered that a, strong projection onto the positive polarity of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index characterizes the atmospheric response structure to the 1950-1999 warming of Indian Ocean SSTs. This influence appears to be robust in so far as it is reproduced in ensembles of experiments using three different GCMs. Both the equilibrium and transient responses to Indian Ocean warming are examined. Under each scenario, the latitude of prevailing midlatitude westerlies shifts poleward during the November-April period. The consequence is a drying of the Mediterranean region, whereas northern Europe and Scandinavia receive increased precipitation in concert with the poleward shift of storminess. The IPCC (TAR) 20th century coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations forced by observed greenhouse gas changes also yield a post-1950 drying trend over the Mediterranean. We argue that this feature of human-induced regional climate change is the outcome of a dynamical feedback, one involving Indian Ocean warming and a requisite adjustment of atmospheric Circulation systems to such ocean warming. C1 NOAA, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NCAR, CGD, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hoerling, M (reprint author), NOAA, CDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1124-1896 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO C JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. C-Geophys. Space Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 GA 040JT UT WOS:000237375500013 ER PT J AU Dilorio, C Resnicow, K McCarty, F De, AK Dudley, WN Wang, DT Denzmore, P AF Dilorio, C Resnicow, K McCarty, F De, AK Dudley, WN Wang, DT Denzmore, P TI Keepin' it REAL! Results of a mother-adolescent HIV prevention program SO NURSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adolescents; HIV prevention; sex-based communication ID BEHAVIOR; RISK; INTERVENTIONS; TRANSITION AB Background: The concern that adolescents may be placing themselves at risk for contracting HIV has led to widespread public and parental support for HIV prevention programs. Several programs on increasing communication between parents and teenagers have been tested, but the study of the impact of these programs on resulting sexual behavior is lacking Objective: To test the efficacy of two interventions for mothers and their adolescents in delaying initiation of sexual intercourse for youth who are not sexually active and encouraging the use of condoms among sexually active youth. Methods: Employed were a control group and two treatment groups: one based on social cognitive theory (SCT) and the other a life skills program (LSK) based on problem behavior theory. Assessments were conducted before the intervention (baseline) and at 4, 12, and 24 months after the baseline assessment. Results: Adolescents and their mothers (total N = 582) enrolled in the trial. At baseline, the adolescents ranged in age 11-14 years and were mostly male and African American. The mean age of the mothers was 37.9 years, and most were African American and single. The primary analyses showed no difference among groups in abstinence rates for adolescents. However, adolescents in the LSK group demonstrated an increase in the condom use rate, and those in the SCT and control groups scored higher on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge than those in the LSK group. Mothers showed substantial increases over time in comfort talking about sex and self-efficacy. For HIV knowledge, mothers in the SCT group scored significantly higher than those in the LSK and control groups. Conclusion: The results of this study are comparable to previous studies that have included mothers in the HIV education of their adolescents. Although the program did not demonstrate a substantial effect on abstinence rates, increases were observed in condom use among adolescents and in mother's sex-based discussions and comfort in talking about sexual issues. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Utah, Coll Nursing, Emma Eccels Jones Nursing Res Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Dilorio, C (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, 1520 Clifton Rd,NE,Room 262, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM cdiiori@sph.emory.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [5 R01 MH55710-02] NR 25 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0029-6562 J9 NURS RES JI Nurs. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 PG 9 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 010TU UT WOS:000235221600006 PM 16439928 ER PT S AU Mokdad, AH Ford, ES AF Mokdad, Ali H. Ford, Earl S. BE Bray, GA Ryan, DH TI Prevalence of Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome SO OVERWEIGHT AND THE METABOLIC SYNDROME: FROM BENCH TO BEDSIDE SE Endocrine Updates LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BODY-MASS-INDEX; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; HEART HEALTH-PROGRAM; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PREVENTION PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN C1 [Mokdad, Ali H.; Ford, Earl S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1566-0729 BN 978-0-387-32163-9 J9 ENDOCR UPDAT PY 2006 VL 26 BP 37 EP 53 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-32164-6 PG 17 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BKQ50 UT WOS:000268955700003 ER PT J AU Tomashek, KM Crouse, CJ Iyasu, S Johnson, CH Flowers, LM AF Tomashek, KM Crouse, CJ Iyasu, S Johnson, CH Flowers, LM TI A comparison of morbidity rates attributable to conditions originating in the perinatal period among newborns discharged from United States hospitals, 1989-90 and 1999-2000 SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neonatal morbidity; jaundice; birth trauma; intrapartum asphyxia; length of stay; time trends ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; CHRONIC LUNG-DISEASE; NEONATAL RESEARCH NETWORK; TERM NEWBORN; READMISSION; MORTALITY; FORCEPS; VACUUM; STAY; HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA AB Perinatal conditions account for 60% of US neonatal deaths, yet little is known about rates of morbidity attributable to these conditions. To estimate these rates, we analysed newborn hospital discharges from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. We used International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes to classify discharge diagnoses among a weighted, nationally representative sample of newborns discharged from short-stay, non-federal US hospitals. We compared overall and cause-specific morbidity rates attributable to perinatal conditions (ICD-9-CM 760.0-779.9), as well as the average length of hospital stay among newborn discharges during 1989-90 and 1999-2000. The overall newborn morbidity rate declined from 36.3% in 1989-90 to 33.7% in 1999-2000 (P < 0.01), despite significant increases in high-risk births. The decline can be attributed to significant decreases in the reported rates of jaundice, fetal distress, birth trauma and birth asphyxia. Rates of jaundice decreased from 15.7% to 13.4% (P < 0.01). The average length of stay decreased among newborns with no morbid condition (2.37-2.04 days, P < 0.001) and among those with one perinatal condition (3.11-2.51, P < 0.001), but increased among those with multiple perinatal conditions (8.43-9.98, P < 0.05). Morbidity rates among newborns discharged from US hospitals declined. Shorter newborn hospital stays may have resulted in fewer cases of jaundice being diagnosed before discharge. Stricter diagnostic criteria and changes in obstetric practices may have led to a decline in the rates of fetal distress, birth trauma and birth asphyxia. C1 CDCP, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Informat Technol Stat & Surveillance Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US FDA, OCTAP, Div Pediat Drug Dev HFD960, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Tomashek, KM (reprint author), CDCP, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop K-23,Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kct9@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00690.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 001NL UT WOS:000234543500003 PM 16420338 ER PT J AU Craig, PS AF Craig, PS CA Echinococcosis Working Grp China TI Epidemiology of human alveolar echinococcosis in China SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Taeniasis/Cysticercosis and Echinococcosis with Focus on Asia and the Pacific CY 2005 CL Asahikawa, JAPAN SP Minist Educ Japan DE alveolar echinococcosis; Echinococcus multilocularis; China ID HIGH ENDEMIC REGION; TIBETAN PLATEAU; RISK-FACTOR; MULTILOCULARIS; TRANSMISSION; COMMUNITIES; PASTURE; DISEASE; HOST AB Globally human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a rare zoonotic helminthic disease confined to the Northern Hemisphere as sporadic infections in rural populations, principally in some areas of North America, west-central Europe, the Near East, Siberia, Central Asia, Japan and China. In China the first human cases were reported from western regions in the 1960s, but most hospital records remain fragmented and inadequate. From the mid-1990s mass screening surveys using portable ultrasound scanners recorded higher prevalences (up to 6% by county) than in any other areas of the world with some village rates as high as 15%. Risk factors identified for AE cases included ethnicity, sex, age and occupation. The role of the dog in transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis to humans now appears to be significant and may be one of the most important risk factor, in combination with landscape/land-use features conducive to maintaining wildlife host populations. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Salford, Biosci Res Inst, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Sichuan Inst Parasit Dis, Chengdu, Peoples R China. Xinjiang Med Univ, Urumoi, Peoples R China. Lanzhou Med Coll, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. Ningxia Med Coll, Ningxia, Peoples R China. ECNU Shanghai, Shanghai, Peoples R China. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Franche Comte, F-25030 Besancon, France. Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. Asahikawa Med Coll, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. RP Craig, PS (reprint author), Univ Salford, Biosci Res Inst, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. EM p.s.craig@salford.ac.uk RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187 FU PHS HHS [EID#1565] NR 32 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PY 2006 VL 55 SU S BP S221 EP S225 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.034 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 017IO UT WOS:000235687500038 PM 16338167 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, AE Lopez-Urbina, T Tsang, B Gavidia, C Garcia, HH Silva, ME Ramos, DD Manzanedo, R Sanchez-Hidalgo, L Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW AF Gonzalez, AE Lopez-Urbina, T Tsang, B Gavidia, C Garcia, HH Silva, ME Ramos, DD Manzanedo, R Sanchez-Hidalgo, L Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW TI Transmission dynamics of Taenia solium and potential for pig-to-pig transmission SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Taeniasis/Cysticercosis and Echinococcosis with Focus on Asia and the Pacific CY 2005 CL Asahikawa, JAPAN SP Minist Educ Japan DE Taenia solium; porcine cysticercosis; transmission dynamics ID SOWS FECES; EGG COUNTS; CYSTICERCOSIS; POPULATIONS; INFECTION; STABILITY; INGESTION; PIGLETS AB Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is one of few potentially eradicable infectious diseases and is the target of control programs in several countries. The larval stage of this zoonotic cestode invades the human brain and is responsible for most cases of adult-onset epilepsy in the world. Our current understanding of the life cycle implicates humans as the only definitive host and tapeworm carrier, and thus the sole source of infective eggs that are responsible for cysticercosis in both human and pigs through oral-faecal transmission. Here we review transmission dynamics of porcine cysticercosis including an alternative pig-to-pig route of transmission, previously not suspected to exist. Second-hand transmission of T solium eggs could explain the overdispersed pattern of porcine cysticercosis, with few pigs harbouring heavy parasite burdens and many more harbouring small numbers of parasites. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Ctr Dis Control, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Gonzalez, AE (reprint author), Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. EM agonzale@jhsph.edu OI Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PY 2006 VL 55 SU S BP S131 EP S135 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.021 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 017IO UT WOS:000235687500023 PM 16352459 ER PT J AU Ito, A Craig, P Schantz, P AF Ito, A Craig, P Schantz, P TI Taeniasis/cysticercosis and echinococcosis with focus on Asia and the Pacific - Preface SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Biomed Sci Res Inst, Manchester, Lancs, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ito, A (reprint author), Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. EM akiraito@asahikawa-med.ac.jp; p.s.craig@salford.ac.uk; pschantz@cdc.gov RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PY 2006 VL 55 SU S BP S1 EP S1 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.001 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 017IO UT WOS:000235687500001 ER PT J AU Moro, P Schantz, PM AF Moro, P Schantz, PM TI Cystic echinococcosis in the Americas SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Taeniasis/Cysticercosis and Echinococcosis with Focus on Asia and the Pacific CY 2005 CL Asahikawa, JAPAN SP Minist Educ Japan DE cestode; cystic echinococcosis; hydatid disease ID GRANULOSUS INFECTION; HYDATID DISEASE; NEW-MEXICO; CANINE ECHINOCOCCOSIS; CONTROL PROGRAMS; ENDEMIC FOCUS; RISK-FACTORS; PERU; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ARIZONA AB Echinococcus granulosus and related genotypic variants, the agents of cystic hydatid disease, occur widely in the American continents from Alaska and Northern Canada in North America to Tierra del Fuego in South America. Here we review the historical and current distribution and prevalence of these infections throughout the American countries and the results of programs to control or eliminate the infection. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schantz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pschantz@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PY 2006 VL 55 SU S BP S181 EP S186 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.048 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 017IO UT WOS:000235687500031 PM 16376604 ER PT J AU Nakaya, K Mamuti, W Xiao, N Sato, MO Wandra, T Nakao, M Sako, Y Yamasaki, H Ishikawa, Y Craig, PS Schantz, PM Ito, A AF Nakaya, K Mamuti, W Xiao, N Sato, MO Wandra, T Nakao, M Sako, Y Yamasaki, H Ishikawa, Y Craig, PS Schantz, PM Ito, A TI Usefulness of severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) and inbred mice for studies of cysticercosis and echinococcosis SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Taeniasis/Cysticercosis and Echinococcosis with Focus on Asia and the Pacific CY 2005 CL Asahikawa, JAPAN SP Minist Educ Japan DE laboratory animal model; NOD/Shi-scid mice; Taenia solium; Taenia saginata; Taenia asiatica; Echinococcus multilocularis; Echinococcus granulosus; oxfendazole; trans portal injection; hepatic alveolar echinococcosis ID TAENIA-CRASSICEPS CYSTICERCOSIS; ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS; HYMENOLEPIS-NANA; MULTILOCULARIS METACESTODES; LIFE-CYCLE; HOST; INFECTION; SOLIUM; MOUSE; OXFENDAZOLE AB The topics in this review are the usefulness of immunodeficient and inbred mice for studies of developmental biology, drug efficacy and host specificity in cysticercosis and echinococcosis. In non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/Shi-scid) mice of both sexes, in vitro hatched oncospheres of all three human taeniid species (Taenia solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica) developed into cysticerci comparable to or bigger than those developed in their known intermediate host animals, whereas only females were susceptible to these infections in other scid mice of BALB/c, C57BL or C.B-17 inbred strains. Detailed morphological observation from post-oncospheral to cysticercus developmental stages is expected to be easy when we use NOD/Shi-scid mice experimentally inoculated with in vitro hatched oncospheres. Metacestocidal effect of oxfendazole was evaluated in NOD/Shi-scid mice, experimentally inoculated with oncospheres of T solium. In Echinococcus multilocularis infection, larval tissue proliferated without induction of inflammatory host responses in scid mice, thus facilitating isolation of the larval vesicles and protoscoleces for biochemical and molecular biological studies. Trans portal inoculation of metacestode tissues resulted in proliferation of secondary echinococcal foci localized exclusively in the liver without metastasis to other tissues or organs. The advantages of a mouse model for Echinococcus granulosus are also described. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Asahikawa Med Coll, Anim Lab Med Res, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. Xinjiang Med Univ, Dept Parasitol, Urumqi 830054, Peoples R China. Sichuan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Parasit Dis, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. Univ Fed Tocantins, Lab Parasitol EMVZ, BR-77804970 Araguaina, TO, Brazil. Minist Hlth, Directorate Gen CDC & EH, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Nakaya, K (reprint author), Asahikawa Med Coll, Anim Lab Med Res, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. EM nky48@asahikawa-med.ac.jp RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014; Sato, Marcello/F-7674-2014 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187; Sato, Marcello/0000-0002-9204-0602 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PY 2006 VL 55 SU S BP S91 EP S97 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.014 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 017IO UT WOS:000235687500016 PM 16338168 ER PT J AU Schantz, PM AF Schantz, PM TI Progress in diagnosis, treatment and elimination of echinococcosis and cysticercosis SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Taeniasis/Cysticercosis and Echinococcosis with Focus on Asia and the Pacific CY 2005 CL Asahikawa, JAPAN SP Minist Educ Japan DE cestodes; tapeworms; hydatid disease; echinococcosis; cysticercosis; taeniasis ID HUMAN ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TAENIA-SOLIUM; HYDATID-DISEASE; E-MULTILOCULARIS; TIBETAN PLATEAU; PUBLIC-HEALTH; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; ANTIGENS; GRANULOSUS AB Here I review the current status of geographical occurrence and public health significance of echinococcosis (Echinococcus spp. infections) and cysticercosis (Taenia solium infection) with special emphasis on the remarkable technologic progress achieved in recent decades that has led to greater understanding of the biology and epidemiology of these cestode infections. The greatest remaining challenges are to apply this knowledge and technology to improved medical management and prevention of these infections. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Coodinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schantz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Coodinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pschantz@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PY 2006 VL 55 SU S BP S7 EP S13 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.050 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 017IO UT WOS:000235687500003 PM 16386944 ER PT J AU Xiao, N Qiu, JM Nakao, M Li, TY Yang, W Chen, XW Schantz, PM Craig, PS Ito, A AF Xiao, N Qiu, JM Nakao, M Li, TY Yang, W Chen, XW Schantz, PM Craig, PS Ito, A TI Echinococcus shiquicus, a new species from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region of China: Discovery and epidemiological implications SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Taeniasis/Cysticercosis and Echinococcosis with Focus on Asia and the Pacific CY 2005 CL Asahikawa, JAPAN SP Minist Educ Japan DE Qinghai-Tibet plateau; Echinococcus shiquicus; epidemiology ID GENUS ECHINOCOCCUS; ENDEMIC REGION AB In Shiqu County of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, many wild and domestic mammals are involved in the transmission cycles of Echinococcus spp. Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus genotype G I (sheep strain) are sympatrically distributed in the plateau. in 1995, we identified a unique strobilate stage of Echinococcus from the Tibetan fox, Vulpes ferrilata, but considered it to be a variant of E. multilocularis. Subsequent molecular genetic studies revealed that a hydatid cyst front the plateau pika, Ochotona curzoniae, had unique mitochondrial DNA sequences which are dissimilar to any published sequences of Echinococcus. The same sequences were subsequently found in adult worms from Tibetan foxes. Morphological, genetic and ecological features of the cestode led Lis to designate a new species Echinococcus shiquicus. E. shiquicus has been found at other areas surveyed on the plateau; however, no infections in humans caused by E. shiquicus have been yet identified. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. Sichuan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Parasit Dis, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Salford, Cestode Zoonoses Res Grp, Biosci Res Inst, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. RP Xiao, N (reprint author), Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. EM xiaoning@asahikawa-med.ac.jp RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187 FU FIC NIH HHS [TW01565-01] NR 20 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PY 2006 VL 55 SU S BP S233 EP S236 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.035 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 017IO UT WOS:000235687500040 PM 16337180 ER PT J AU Anh, DD Thiem, VD Fischer, TK Canh, DG Minh, TT Tho, LH Van Man, N Luan, LT Kilgore, P von Seidlein, L Glass, RI AF Anh, DD Thiem, VD Fischer, TK Canh, DG Minh, TT Tho, LH Van Man, N Luan, LT Kilgore, P von Seidlein, L Glass, RI TI The burden of rotavirus diarrhea in khanh hoa province, Vietnam - Baseline assessment for a rotavirus vaccine trial SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; incidence; children; disease burden; Vietnam; diarrhea ID DISEASE AB Background: In Vietnam, rotavirus is seen as a priority disease because studies have demonstrated that > 50% of children hospitalized for treatment of diarrhea have rotavirus as the pathogen. To anticipate the availability of new vaccines, we have examined our field area in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, as a potential site to conduct a field trial of a future rotavirus vaccine. Methods: Data from a population census, incidence rates of diarrhea from a previous cholera vaccine trial and hospitalization rates from computerized records collected from the 2 main hospitals in the province were reviewed to estimate the burden of rotavirus-related diarrhea that might be expected during a field trial of a rotavirus vaccine. Results: For a birth cohort of similar to 5000 children, we would expect similar to 2500 clinic visits and 650 - 850 hospitalizations for treatment of diarrhea, of which similar to 375 - 425 would be attributable to rotavirus. For the Vietnamese birth cohort of 1,639,000 children, these numbers translate into similar to 820,000 clinic visits, 122,000 - 140,000 hospitalizations and 2900 - 5400 deaths annually attributable to rotavirus-related diarrhea. Conclusions: Vietnam is an early adaptor of new vaccines, has high national coverage rates (> 85%) for childhood immunization and receives international donor support for the introduction of new vaccines. We found the epidemiologic features of rotavirus in rural Vietnam to be more similar to those of rotavirus in a developed country than to those of rotavirus in India or Bangladesh. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Khanh Hoa Prov Hlth Serv, Nha Trang, Vietnam. Poliomyelitis Vaccine Res & Prod Ctr, Hanoi, Vietnam. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Mail Stop G04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rglass@cdc.gov RI Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013; OI Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482; Fischer, Thea Kolsen/0000-0003-4812-980X NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 37 EP 40 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000195635.05186.52 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 004MM UT WOS:000234756900008 PM 16395100 ER PT J AU Seward, JF Orenstein, WA AF Seward, JF Orenstein, WA TI Commentary: The case for universal varicella immunization SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE varicella; immunization ID UNITED-STATES; HERPES-ZOSTER; VACCINE; CHILDREN; HOSPITALIZATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY; DECLINE; ADULTS; IMPACT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Seward, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jseward@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 45 EP 46 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000195637.45481.96 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 004MM UT WOS:000234756900010 PM 16395102 ER PT J AU Weidle, PJ Abrams, EJ Gvetadze, R Rivadeneira, E Kline, MW AF Weidle, PJ Abrams, EJ Gvetadze, R Rivadeneira, E Kline, MW TI A simplified weight-based method for pediatric drug dosing for zidovudine and didanosine in resource-limited settings SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International-AIDS-Society Conference on HIV Pathogensis and Treatment CY JUL 24-27, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Int AIDS Soc DE didanosine; zidovudine; drug dosing; HIV infection AB Background: Zidovudine and didanosine are antiretroviral drugs used for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children with dose recommendations based on body surface area calculations. Although weight and height can both be measured, it may be impractical to expect providers in resource-limited settings to estimate accurately body surface area. Methods: We developed an antiretroviral dosing chart based on authoritative sources for brand name drugs in weight bands (ie, 5-6.9, 7-9.9, 10-11.9, 12-14.9, 15-16.9, 17-19.9, 20-24.9, 25-29.9, 30-34.9 and 35-40 kg) to assist proper dosing of antiretrovirals for HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings. For drugs dosed by body surface area, we estimated likely weights and heights for age using standardized US growth charts for girls from which doses in weight bands were calculated. For this analysis, we calculated the difference between weight-based doses and body surface area-based doses for zidovudine 10 mg/mL oral solution, zidovudine 100-mg capsules, and didanosine 25, 50 and 100-mg chewable tablets using actual heights and weights from HIV-infected children in Africa and Romania. Results: We used 1752 observations from 826 HIV-infected children (48% girls) from 9 countries. A total of 454 observations were in children < 20 kg and 1298 >= 20 kg. For those < 20 kg, the median difference of the weight-based dose as compared with the body surface area-based dose for zidovudine solution was -6.4% (range, -22.6, +13.7), zidovudine capsules +3.1% (range, -38.8, +44.7), didanosine chewable tablets +0.7% (range, -24.4, +22.5); for those >= 20 kg for zidovudine solution was 0.0% (range, -16.4, +11.8), zidovudine capsules +7.6% (range, -16.4, +36.9) and didanosine chewable tablets +1.2% (range, -16.4, +14.1). The dose precision for children < 20 versus >= 20 kg was different for zidovudine solution (P < 0.001) and zidovudine capsules (P < 0.001), but not didanosine chewable tablets. The frequency that weight-based dose was more than 20% less than the body surface area-based dose for those < 20 kg was 1.3% for zidovudine solution, 27.2% for zidovudine capsules and 4.9% for didanosine chewable tablets. For those 20 kg, the weight-based dose was never more than 20% less than the body surface area-based dose. Conclusion: Dosing zidovudine and didanosine by weight band provides reasonably precise dosing as compared with body surface area-based doses. However, use of zidovudine capsules in children < 20 kg results in under dosing by > 20% in many instances. Didanosine chewable tablets allow for higher dosing precision compared with zidovudine capsules because of increased flexibility in the dosage form. Solid dosage forms of antiretroviral medications designed specifically for children are urgently needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, MTCT Plus Initiat, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Harlem Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. Northrup Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Baylor Int Pediat AIDS Initiat, Houston, TX USA. RP Weidle, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pweidle@cdc.gov FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW001036]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU622420] NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000195619.76277.3f PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 004MM UT WOS:000234756900013 PM 16395105 ER PT J AU Amon, JJ Darling, N Fiore, AE Bell, BP Barker, LE AF Amon, JJ Darling, N Fiore, AE Bell, BP Barker, LE TI Factors associated with hepatitis A vaccination among children 24 to 35 months of age: United States, 2003 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A; vaccination coverage; children; race/ethnicity; immunization policy ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY AB OBJECTIVES. In 1999, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices made recommendations for hepatitis A vaccination of children according to historic rates of hepatitis A incidence in different regions of the country. The objective of this study was to examine hepatitis A vaccination coverage rates among children living in states with different vaccination recommendations and to examine individual characteristics associated with vaccination. METHODS. Hepatitis A vaccination status data were collected for children 24 to 35 months of age through the National Immunization Survey, a telephone survey with health care provider-verified vaccination results. Vaccination status data were collected from children in each of the 50 states and 28 selected urban areas. RESULTS. In 2003, 50.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 47.6-54.2%) of children living in 11 states where routine hepatitis A vaccination is recommended had received >= 1 dose, compared with 25.0% (95% CI: 21.8-28.2%) of children in 6 states where vaccination is suggested and 1.4% ( 95% CI: 1.0-1.8%) of children in 33 states without a recommendation. Coverage was higher among children who lived in urban areas, were Hispanic or American Indian/Alaska Native, or were born to women with less education. CONCLUSIONS. Hepatitis A vaccination is being targeted successfully to children at higher risk of infection; however, overall vaccination coverage remains lower for hepatitis A vaccination, compared with other routine childhood vaccinations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fiore, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM abf4@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 1 BP 30 EP 33 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0286 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 999QV UT WOS:000234406100005 PM 16396857 ER PT J AU Lara, M Akinbami, L Flores, G Morgenstern, H AF Lara, M Akinbami, L Flores, G Morgenstern, H TI Heterogeneity of childhood asthma among Hispanic children: Puerto Rican children bear a disproportionate burden SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE asthma; Hispanic; Latino; Puerto Rican; Mexican ID BODY-MASS INDEX; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; NUTRITION EXAMINATION; PERSISTENT WHEEZE; PEDIATRIC ASTHMA; MEXICAN-AMERICAN; HEALTH-SERVICES; ELEVATED ASTHMA; NATIONAL-HEALTH AB OBJECTIVES. To estimate differences in asthma prevalence among Hispanic subgroups and non-Hispanic children living in the United States and to explore the association between these differences and risk factors. METHODS. Weighted logistic regression analyses of merged 1997 to 2001 National Health Interview Survey data were used to estimate the prevalence of asthma diagnosis and asthma attacks in a sample of 46 511 children (age: 2-17 years) living in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. RESULTS. Puerto Rican children had the highest prevalence of lifetime asthma (26%) and recent asthma attacks (12%), compared with non-Hispanic black children (16% and 7%, respectively), non-Hispanic white children (13% and 6%, respectively), and Mexican children (10% and 4%, respectively). Adjustment for asthma risk factors did not change these comparisons appreciably. Compared with non-Hispanic white children, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for a lifetime asthma diagnosis were 2.33 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.90-2.84) for Puerto Rican children, 1.16 (95% CI: 1.04-1.29) for non-Hispanic black children, and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.79-1.03) for Mexican children. Birthplace influenced the association between ethnicity and lifetime asthma diagnosis differently for Puerto Rican and Mexican children. Compared with United States-born non-Hispanic white children with United States-born parents, the adjusted ORs were 1.95 (95% CI: 1.48-2.57) for Puerto Rican children in families with the child and parent(s) born in the 50 states/District of Columbia and 2.50 (95% CI: 1.51-4.13) for island-born Puerto Rican children with island-born parents. The corresponding adjusted ORs for Mexican children were 1.05 (95% CI: 0.90-1.22) for families born in the 50 states/District of Columbia and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.29-0.64) for those born in Mexico. The results were similar for recent asthma attacks. CONCLUSIONS. The appreciably higher asthma morbidity rates experienced by Puerto Rican children cannot be explained by sociodemographic and other risk factors measured in the National Health Interview Survey. The heterogeneity of asthma among Hispanic subgroups should be considered in developing effective public health prevention and intervention strategies. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, RAND Program Latino Children Asthma, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat, Ctr Adv Underserved Children, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lara, M (reprint author), RAND Hlth, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. EM lara@rand.org RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 FU AHRQ HHS [K08 HS00008] NR 62 TC 170 Z9 171 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1714 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 999QV UT WOS:000234406100007 PM 16396859 ER PT J AU Brown, MJ McLaine, P Dixon, S Simon, P AF Brown, MJ McLaine, P Dixon, S Simon, P TI A randomized, community-based trial of home visiting to reduce blood lead levels in children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE lead poisoning; home visiting; case management ID CONTAMINATED HOUSE-DUST; EXPOSURE; CHILDHOOD; ABATEMENT; EFFICACY; HEALTH; PAINT AB OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to measure the effectiveness of intensive case management to reduce blood lead levels (BLLs) in children. Lead poisoning remains a common, preventable pediatric condition despite advances in reducing children's BLLs in the United States. Substantial evidence implicates lead paint contaminated house dust as the most common high-dose source of lead in children's environments. Housekeeping and parental supervision also may contribute to risk for lead exposure. METHODS. We conducted a community-based, randomized trial of comprehensive education and home visiting for families of children with BLLs 15 to 19 mu g/dL. BLLs after 1 year of follow-up were compared for intervention group children, whose families received individualized education that was designed to address specific risks factors in a child's environment, and comparison group children, whose families received customary care, usually 1 or 2 educational visits. Environmental samples were collected at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up for intervention group children and compared with those of comparison group children, collected only at the end of study. RESULTS. During the follow-up period, parents of intervention group children (n = 92) successfully decreased dust lead levels and significantly improved parent-child interaction and family housekeeping practices compared with comparison group children (n = 83). Overall geometric mean BLLs declined by 47%, and the difference in BLL by group was not significant (9 vs 8.3 mu g/dL for intervention versus comparison group children, respectively.) After 1 year, nearly half of enrolled children had BLLs >= 10 mu g/dL. CONCLUSIONS. Until a reservoir of lead-safe housing is created, programs that educate families to reduce environmental exposure are needed. Although providing families with quantitative information regarding lead contamination may have a role in short-term efforts to prevent lead exposure, these null findings suggest that it has little benefit once BLLs are elevated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Healthy Housing, Columbia, MD USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Dept Family Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. RP Brown, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS-F40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mjb5@cdc.gov FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS 275 14/14]; PHS HHS [5T76 MC 00001] NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 1 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2880 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 999QV UT WOS:000234406100020 PM 16396872 ER PT J AU Hoyert, DL Mathews, TJ Menacker, F Strobino, DM Guyer, B AF Hoyert, DL Mathews, TJ Menacker, F Strobino, DM Guyer, B TI Annual summary of vital statistics: 2004 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth; death; infant mortality; low birth weight; mortality; multiple births; cesarean delivery rate; vital statistics; ICD-10; revised certificates ID PRIMARY CESAREAN DELIVERY; UNITED-STATES; INFANT-MORTALITY; PRETERM BIRTH; PRENATAL-CARE; TRENDS; LABOR; RISK; PREGNANCY; SMOKING AB The crude birth rate in 2004 was 14.0 births per 1000 population, the second lowest ever reported for the United States. The number of births and the fertility rate (66.3) increased slightly (by < 1%) from 2003 to 2004. Fertility rates were highest for Hispanic women (97.7), followed by Asian or Pacific Islander (67.2), non-Hispanic black (66.7), Native American (58.9), and non-Hispanic white (58.5) women. The birth rate for teen mothers continued to fall, dropping < 1% from 2003 to 2004 to 41.2 births per 1000 women aged 15 to 19 years, which is another record low. The teen birth rate has fallen 33% since 1991; declines were more rapid for younger teens aged 15 to 17 (43%) than for older teens aged 18 to 19 (26%). The proportion of all births to unmarried women is now slightly higher than one third. Smoking during pregnancy declined slightly from 2003 to 2004. In 2004, 29.1% of births were delivered by cesarean delivery, up 6% since 2003 and 41% since 1996 (20.7%). The primary cesarean delivery rate has risen 41% since 1996, whereas the rate of vaginal birth after a previous cesarean delivery has fallen 67%. The use of timely prenatal care was 84.0% in both 2003 and 2004. The percentage of preterm births rose to 12.5% in 2004 from 10.6% in 1990 and 9.4% in 1981. The percentage of low birth weight births also increased to 8.1% in 2004, up from 6.7% in 1984. Twin birth rate and triplet/+ birth rates increased by 1% and < 1%, respectively, from 2002 to 2003. Multiple births accounted for 3.3% of all births in 2003. The infant mortality rate was 7.0 per 1000 live births in 2002 compared with 6.8 in 2001. The ratio of the infant mortality rate among non-Hispanic black infants to that for non-Hispanic white infants was 2.4 in 2002, the same as in 2001. The United States continues to rank poorly in international comparisons of infant mortality. Expectation of life at birth reached a record high of 77.6 years for all gender and race groups combined. Death rates in the United States continue to decline, with death rates decreasing for 8 of the 15 leading causes. Death rates for children <= 19 years of age declined for 7 of the 10 leading causes in 2003. The death rates did not increase for any cause, and rates for heart disease, influenza, and pneumonia and septicemia did not change significantly for children as a group. A large proportion of childhood deaths, however, continue to occur as a result of preventable injuries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hoyert, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 7318, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM dlh7@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 175 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 1 BP 168 EP 183 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2587 PG 16 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 999QV UT WOS:000234406100023 PM 16396875 ER PT J AU Kiang, KM Lynfield, R AF Kiang, KM Lynfield, R TI Kingella kingae: An emerging pathogen of acute osteoarticular infections in children - In reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID SEPTIC ARTHRITIS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; ETIOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55164 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kiang, KM (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55164 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 1 BP 249 EP 250 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2403 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 999QV UT WOS:000234406100043 ER PT J AU Mann, DM Lee, J Liao, YL Natarajan, S AF Mann, DM Lee, J Liao, YL Natarajan, S TI Independent effect and population impact of obesity on fatal coronary heart disease in adults SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE coronary heart disease (CHD); diabetes; CHD mortality; obesity; population attributable risk ID BODY-MASS INDEX; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; FOLLOW-UP; RISK-FACTORS; US ADULTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; LOSING WEIGHT AB Background. It is unclear whether the coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality risk associated with obesity is mediated only through traditional CHD risk factors. This analysis evaluated the independent CHD mortality risk due to obesity and determined its population attributable risk (PAR). Methods. Using the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (1971-1992, n = 10,582), a diabetes-body mass index (BMI) variable was constructed. The hazard ratios (HR) for fatal CHD in the diabetes-BMI categories (adjusting for age, sex, race, exercise, education level, smoking, hypertension, cholesterol, and alcohol use) were determined and the PARs subsequently estimated. Results. Compared to lean non-diabetics, the HR (95% CI) for fatal CHD is 0.8 (0.7, 1.1) in overweight non-diabetics, 1.4 (1.3, 2.0) in obese non-diabetics, 2.2 (1.2, 4.0) in lean diabetics, 2.3 (1.4, 3.9) in overweight diabetics, and 3.3 (1.9, 8.9) in obese diabetics. The PAR% is -6.8 (-15.7, 1.8) in overweight non-diabetics, 6.1 (1.7, 11.1) in obese non-diabetics, 2.0 (0.3, 4.0) in lean diabetics, 2.2 (0.6, 4.3) in overweight diabetics, and 2.2 (0.8, 3.8) in obese diabetics. Conclusions. Obesity is an independent risk factor for CHD mortality even after controlling for traditional CHD risk factors. The PAR for CHD death in obese non-diabetics is significant. Obesity should be aggressively treated in those without traditional CHD risk factors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 VA New York Harbor Healthcare Syst, Sect Primary Care, New York, NY 10010 USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY 10010 USA. Cornell Univ, Weil Coll Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Natarajan, S (reprint author), VA New York Harbor Healthcare Syst, Sect Primary Care, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM sundar.natarajan@med.myu.edu OI Mann, Devin/0000-0002-2099-0852 NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.09.011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 013MS UT WOS:000235414000011 PM 16297443 ER PT B AU Shinnick, TM AF Shinnick, Thomas M. BE Dworkin, M Falkow, S Rosenberg, E Schleifer, KH Stackebrandt, E TI Mycobacterium leprae SO PROKARYOTES: A HANDBOOK ON THE BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA, VOL 3, THIRD EDITION: ARCHAEA. BACTERIA: FIRMICUTES, ACTINOMYCETES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHENOLIC GLYCOLIPID-I; GROWING PATHOGENIC MYCOBACTERIA; PHAGOSOME-LYSOSOME FUSION; LEPROSY-LIKE DISEASE; NUDE-MICE; LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY; REPETITIVE SEQUENCE; MACROPHAGES; INFECTION; ACID C1 Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shinnick, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 125 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25493-7 PY 2006 BP 934 EP 944 DI 10.1007/0-387-30743-5_35 D2 10.1007/0-387-30743-5 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BKJ67 UT WOS:000268326100035 ER PT B AU Farmer, JJ AF Farmer, J. J., III BE Dworkin, M Falkow, S Rosenberg, E Schleifer, KH Stackebrandt, E TI The Family Vibrionaceae SO PROKARYOTES: A HANDBOOK ON THE BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA, VOL 6, THIRD EDITION: PROTEOBACTERIA: GAMMA SUBCLASS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TERRESTRIAL ENTEROBACTERIA; GENUS BENECKEA; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; HETEROTROPHIC ROD; LUMINOUS BACTERIA; SP-NOV; MARINE; PHOTOBACTERIUM; TAXONOMY; EVOLUTION C1 CDC, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Farmer, JJ (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25496-8 PY 2006 BP 495 EP 507 DI 10.1007/0-387-30746-x_17 D2 10.1007/0-387-30746-X PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BKK09 UT WOS:000268343700017 ER PT B AU Farmer, JJ Hickman-Brenner, FW AF Farmer, J. J., III Hickman-Brenner, F. W. BE Dworkin, M Falkow, S Rosenberg, E Schleifer, KH Stackebrandt, E TI The Genera Vibrio and Photobacterium SO PROKARYOTES: A HANDBOOK ON THE BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA, VOL 6, THIRD EDITION: PROTEOBACTERIA: GAMMA SUBCLASS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARINE LUMINOUS BACTERIA; DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION; SALMONICIDA SP-NOV; UNITED-STATES; PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION; PSEUDOMONAS-NATRIEGENS; GENUS BENECKEA; LIGHT ORGAN; PROBABILISTIC IDENTIFICATION; TERRESTRIAL ENTEROBACTERIA C1 [Farmer, J. J., III; Hickman-Brenner, F. W.] CDC, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Farmer, JJ (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 221 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25496-8 PY 2006 BP 508 EP 563 DI 10.1007/0-387-30746-x_18 D2 10.1007/0-387-30746-X PG 56 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BKK09 UT WOS:000268343700018 ER PT B AU Farmer, JJ Arduino, MJ Hickman-Brenner, FW AF Farmer, J. J., III Arduino, M. J. Hickman-Brenner, F. W. BE Dworkin, M Falkow, S Rosenberg, E Schleifer, KH Stackebrandt, E TI The Genera Aeromonas and Plesiomonas SO PROKARYOTES: A HANDBOOK ON THE BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA, VOL 6, THIRD EDITION: PROTEOBACTERIA: GAMMA SUBCLASS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IMMUNOLOGICAL CROSS-REACTIVITY; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; CHOLERA-TOXIN; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; ENTERIC PATHOGENS; ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; BIOCHEMICAL-IDENTIFICATION; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; FAMILY VIBRIONACEAE; NEONATAL SEPTICEMIA C1 [Farmer, J. J., III; Arduino, M. J.; Hickman-Brenner, F. W.] CDC, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Farmer, JJ (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 263 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25496-8 PY 2006 BP 564 EP 596 DI 10.1007/0-387-30746-x_19 D2 10.1007/0-387-30746-X PG 33 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BKK09 UT WOS:000268343700019 ER PT J AU Deng, JF Olowokure, B Kaydos-Daniels, SC Chang, HJ Barwick, RS Lee, ML Deng, CY Factor, SH Chiang, CE Maloney, SA AF Deng, JF Olowokure, B Kaydos-Daniels, SC Chang, HJ Barwick, RS Lee, ML Deng, CY Factor, SH Chiang, CE Maloney, SA CA The SARS Int Field Team TI Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): Knowledge, attitudes, practices and sources of information among physicians answering a SARS fever hotline service SO PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE attitudes; fever; hotline; information; knowledge; physician; practices; questionnaire survey; SARS; severe acute respiratory syndrome ID TAIWAN AB In June 2003, Taiwan introduced a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) telephone hotline service to provide concerned callers with rapid access to information, advice and appropriate referral where necessary. This paper reports an evaluation of the knowledge, attitude, practices and sources of information relating to SARS among physicians who staffed the SARS fever hotline service. A retrospective survey was conducted using a self-administered postal questionnaire. Participants were physicians who staffed a SARS hotline during the SARS epidemic in Taipei, Taiwan from June 1 to 10, 2003. A response rate of 83% was obtained. All respondents knew the causative agent of SARS, and knowledge regarding SARS features and preventive practices was good. However, only 54% of respondents knew the incubation period of SARS. Hospital guidelines and news media were the major information sources. In responding to two case scenarios most physicians were likely to triage callers at high risk of SARS appropriately, but not callers at low risk. Less than half of all respondents answered both scenarios correctly. The results obtained suggest that knowledge of SARS was generally good although obtained from both medical and non-medical sources. Specific knowledge was however tacking in certain areas and this affected the ability to appropriately triage callers. Standardized education and assessment of prior knowledge of SARS could improve the ability of physicians to triage callers in future outbreaks. (c) 2005 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Heartlands Hosp, Hlth Protect Agcy Reg Surveillance Unit W Midland, Birmingham B9 5SS, W Midlands, England. Taipei Med Assoc, Taipei, Taiwan. WHO, Global Alert & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, W Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Bur Natl Hlth Insurance, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Tzu Chi Univ, Hualien, Taiwan. Natl Yang Ming Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, Taipei 112, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Taipei Vet Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Taipei, Taiwan. WHO, Global Alert & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Deng, JF (reprint author), Heartlands Hosp, Hlth Protect Agcy Reg Surveillance Unit W Midland, 2nd Floor Lincoln House, Birmingham B9 5SS, W Midlands, England. EM babatunde.olowokure@hpa.org.uk NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0033-3506 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH JI Public Health PD JAN PY 2006 VL 120 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.puhe.2005.10.001 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 997CK UT WOS:000234222400005 PM 16298404 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Stroup, DF Carande-Kulis, V Marks, JS Roy, K Gerberding, JL AF Thacker, SB Stroup, DF Carande-Kulis, V Marks, JS Roy, K Gerberding, JL TI Measuring the public's health SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; BURDEN; DISABILITY; EXPENDITURES; SURVEILLANCE; PROJECTIONS; SYSTEM; TRENDS AB Allocation of public health resources should be based, where feasible, on objective assessments of health status, burden of disease, injury, and disability, their preventability, and related costs. In this article, we first analyze traditional measures of the public's health that address the burden of disease and disability and associated costs. Second, we discuss activities that are essential to protecting the public's health but whose impact is difficult to measure. Third, we propose general characteristics of useful measures of the public's health. We contend that expanding the repertoire of measures of the public's health is a critical step in targeting attention and resources to improve health, stemming mounting health care costs, and slowing declining quality of life that threatens the nation's future. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, MS-E94, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sbt1@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 121 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 000DF UT WOS:000234440400008 PM 16416694 ER PT J AU Fleming, DT Zambrowski, A Fong, F Lombard, A Mercedes, L Miller, C Poujade, J Roome, A Sullivan, A Finelli, L AF Fleming, DT Zambrowski, A Fong, F Lombard, A Mercedes, L Miller, C Poujade, J Roome, A Sullivan, A Finelli, L TI Surveillance programs for chronic viral hepatitis in three health departments SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; C VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE AB Although chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C are diseases of public health importance, only a few health departments nationally have chronic viral hepatitis under surveillance; these programs rely primarily on direct reporting by medical laboratories. We conducted an evaluation to determine if lessons from these programs can guide other health departments. Between December 2002 and February 2003, we visited the Connecticut Department of Public Health, the Multnomah County Health Department in Portland, Oregon, and the Minnesota Department of Health to determine the capacity of their chronic hepatitis registries to monitor trends and provide case management. We found that the registries facilitated investigations of potentially acute cases by identifying previously known infections, and aided prevention planning by pinpointing areas where viral hepatitis was being diagnosed. For chronic cases, case management (defined as the process of ensuring that infected individuals and their partners receive medical evaluation, counseling, vaccination, and referral to specialists for treatment when indicated) was provided for hepatitis B in Multnomah County, but was limited in other programs; barriers included resource constraints, difficulties confirming chronic infection, and privacy concerns. Finding innovative ways to overcome these barriers and improve case management is important if chronic hepatitis surveillance is to realize its full potential. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Math Policy Res Inc, Princeton, NJ USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Multnomah Cth Hlth Dept, Portland, OR USA. RP Finelli, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LFinelli@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 121 IS 1 BP 23 EP 35 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 000DF UT WOS:000234440400009 PM 16416695 ER PT J AU Beatty, ME Phelps, S Rohner, C Weisfuse, I AF Beatty, ME Phelps, S Rohner, C Weisfuse, I TI Blackout of 2003: Public health effects and emergency response SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FAILURE; IMPACT AB We examined the public health effects of the Northeast blackout of August 2003 and the emergency response to the blackout by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH). We reviewed departmental documents from the DOHMH Emergency Operations Center and surveyed DOHMH employees to identify deficiencies in the response and elicit suggestions for improvement. DOHMH deployed its all-hazards, scalable public health Incident Management System to respond to several impacts: (1) failure of multiple hospital emergency generators; (2) patients dependent on electrically powered equipment; (3) loss of electronic data input to the DOHMH syndromic surveillance system from hospital emergency departments; (4) potential for vaccine spoilage due to loss of refrigeration; (5) beach contamination with untreated sewage; (6) heat-related health effects and increase of foodborne disease; and (7) potential for an increased rodent population as a result of increased amounts of discarded perishables. Areas identified for improvement included communications during the event, DOHMH dependence on an external source of electricity, facility management during the response, and lack of readily available and appropriate emergency supplies. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Dis Control, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Med Residency, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beatty, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vetorborne Infect Dis, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM mbeatty@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 121 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 000DF UT WOS:000234440400010 PM 16416696 ER PT J AU Heck, KE Braveman, P Cubbin, C Chavez, GF Kiely, JL AF Heck, KE Braveman, P Cubbin, C Chavez, GF Kiely, JL TI Socioeconomic status and breastfeeding initiation among california mothers SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT; WOMENS EXPERIENCES; DURATION; RATES; INFANT; HEALTH; KNOWLEDGE; COUNTRIES; ONTARIO; FATHERS AB Objectives. To examine multiple dimensions of socioeconomic status and breastfeeding among a large, random sample of ethnically diverse women. Methods. This study used logistic regression analysis to examine the influence of a range of socioeconomic factors on the chances of ever breastfeeding among a stratified random sample of 10,519 women delivering live births in California for 1999 through 2001. Measures of socioeconomic status included family income as a percentage of the federal poverty level, maternal education, paternal education, maternal occupation, and paternal occupation. Results. Consistent with previous research, there was a marked socioeconomic gradient in breastfeeding. Women with higher family incomes, those who had or whose partners had higher education levels, and women who had or whose partners had professional or executive occupations were more likely than their counterparts to breastfeed. After adjustment for many potential confounders, maternal and paternal education remained positively associated with breastfeeding, while income and occupation were no longer significant. Compared with other racial or ethnic groups, foreign-born Latina women were the most likely to breastfeed. Conclusions. The significant association of maternal and paternal education with breastfeeding, even after adjustment for income, occupation, and many other factors, suggests that social policies affecting educational attainment may be important factors in breastfeeding. Breastfeeding rates may be influenced by health education specifically or by more general levels of schooling among mothers and their partners. The continuing importance of racial/ethnic differences after adjustment for socioeconomic factors could reflect unmeasured socioeconomic effects, cultural differences, and/or policies in Latin American countries. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Human & Community Dev, Ctr Youth Dev 4 H, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Family & Community Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Heck, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Human & Community Dev, Ctr Youth Dev 4 H, 3321 Hart Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM keheck@ucdavis.edu NR 41 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 121 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 000DF UT WOS:000234440400012 PM 16416698 ER PT J AU McDowell, MA Hughes, JP Borrud, LG AF McDowell, MA Hughes, JP Borrud, LG TI Health characteristics of US adults by body mass index category: Results from NHANES 1999-2002 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; BURDEN; COSTS AB Objectives. We examined self-reported health characteristics, health care utilization, activity patterns, and demographic characteristics of U.S. adults 20 years and over by body mass index (BMI) category. We hypothesized that overweight and obese adults would report fair/poor health more often, report more health provider visits annually, experience more joint pain, report greater limitations in their daily activities, and report more hours of sedentary leisure-time activity than normal-weight adults. Methods. Self-reported health characteristics of U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002 were examined for three BMI categories: normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9), and obese (BMI >= 30.0). Covariates included gender, race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking, and educational attainment. We examined BMI group differences using descriptive and regression methods. Results. Compared to normal-weight individuals, overweight individuals reported fair/poor health more often, more limitations in daily activities, and more health provider contacts. Overweight and obese subjects reported more hours of television watching and video game use compared to normal-weight subjects. Conclusion. Our findings are useful to describe the health characteristics of U.S. adults and may be used to anticipate future demand for health services and to support intervention programs that help individuals achieve desirable weight status. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP McDowell, MA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 4335, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM MMcDowell@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 121 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 000DF UT WOS:000234440400014 PM 16416700 ER PT J AU Shulman, HB Gilbert, BC Lansky, A AF Shulman, HB Gilbert, BC Lansky, A TI The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS): Current methods and evaluation of 2001 response rates SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MAIL SURVEYS; TELEPHONE INTERVIEWS; HEALTH SURVEY; NONRESPONSE; QUESTIONNAIRES; METAANALYSIS; INCENTIVES; QUALITY; TRENDS; TRIAL AB Objectives. Our objectives were to describe the methodology of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), examine recent response rates, determine characteristics associated with response, and track response patterns over time. Methods. PRAMS is a mixed-mode surveillance system, using mail and telephone surveys. Rates for response, contact, cooperation, and refusal were computed for 2001. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between maternal and infant characteristics and the likelihood of response. Response patterns from 1996 to 2001 were compared for nine states. Results. The median response rate for the 23 states in 2001 was 76% (range: 49% to 84%). Cooperation rates ranged from 86% to 97% (median 91%); contact rates ranged from 58% to 93% (median 82%). Response rates were higher for women who were older, white, married, had more education, were first-time mothers, received early prenatal care, and had a normal birthweight infant. Education level was the most consistent predictor of response, followed by marital status and maternal race. From 1996 to 2001, response to the initial mailing decreased in all states compared, but the decrease was offset by increases in mail follow-up and telephone response rates. Overall response rates remained unchanged. Conclusions. The PRAMS mail/telephone methodology is an effective means of reaching most recent mothers in the 23 states examined, but some population subgroups are more difficult to reach than others. Through more intensive follow-up efforts, PRAMS states have been able to maintain high response rates over time despite decreases in response to the initial mailing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shulman, HB (reprint author), 205 Coll Ave, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. EM hbs1@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 121 IS 1 BP 74 EP 83 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 000DF UT WOS:000234440400015 PM 16416701 ER PT J AU Link, MW Mokdad, AH Kulp, D Hyon, A AF Link, Michael W. Mokdad, Ali H. Kulp, Dale Hyon, Ashley TI Has the national do not call registry helped or hurt state-level response rates? SO PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID TELEPHONE SURVEY; ADVANCE LETTERS; COOPERATION AB By the end of the initial registration period on August 31, 2003, the National Do Not Call Registry (DNC Registry) had registered more than 50 million telephone numbers. Approximately 18 months later that number had increased to more than 91 million. The impact of the DNC Registry on survey response rates, however, is largely unknown. Some researchers speculate that the registry could make it easier to distinguish between telephone survey interviewers and telemarketers. Other researchers argue that a significant portion of DNC registrants may not make such distinctions and would prefer instead to reduce all unsolicited calls from marketers and interviewers alike. Case outcomes from nearly 4.5 million telephone numbers called between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2005, as part of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed. Using trend analyses and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series modeling, we assessed the impact of the DNC Registry on state-level monthly response rates in 47 states. Our findings indicate that once pre-DNC Registry trends in response rates and other potential covariates are accounted for, the national Do Not Call rules have had no significant impact on state-level response rates in either a positive or negative direction. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Link, MW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Bethesda, MD USA. EM MLink@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0033-362X J9 PUBLIC OPIN QUART JI Public Opin. Q. PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 SI SI BP 794 EP 809 DI 10.1093/poq/nfl030 PG 16 WC Communication; Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Communication; Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 120FO UT WOS:000243070100009 ER PT B AU Dixon, L Reville, R AF Dixon, Lloyd Reville, Robert BE Auerswald, PE Branscomb, LM LaPorte, TM MichelKerjan, EO TI NATIONAL SECURITY AND PRIVATE-SECTOR RISK MANAGEMENT FOR TERRORISM SO SEEDS OF DISASTER, ROOTS OF RESPONSE: HOW PRIVATE ACTION CAN REDUCE PUBLIC VULNERABILITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dixon, Lloyd] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. [Reville, Robert] Rand Inst Civil Justice, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. [Reville, Robert] Rand Ctr Terrorism Risk Management Policy, Arlington, VA USA. [Reville, Robert] NIOSH, Board Sci Counselors, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Washington, DC USA. [Reville, Robert] Natl Acad Social Insurance, Workers Compensat Steering Comm, Washington, DC USA. RP Dixon, L (reprint author), RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-68572-6 PY 2006 BP 292 EP 304 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511509735.020 D2 10.2277/ 0521685729 PG 13 WC Management; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BYD26 UT WOS:000298092400020 ER PT J AU Warner, L Stone, KM MacAluso, M Buehler, JW Austin, HD AF Warner, L Stone, KM MacAluso, M Buehler, JW Austin, HD TI Condom use and risk of gonorrhea and chlamydia: A systematic review of design and measurement factors assessed in epidemiologic studies SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National STD Prevention Conference CY MAR 08-11, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP STD ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; USE PROMOTES REGRESSION; PREVENT INCIDENT STDS; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; YOUNG-WOMEN; GONOCOCCAL-INFECTION AB Background: Studies of condom use to reduce risk of most sexually transmitted infection provide inconsistent results. This inconsistency is often attributed to methodologic limitations yet has not been assessed systematically. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to review studies of condom use and risk of gonorrhea and chlamydia, and to evaluate the importance of 4 key design and measurement factors on condom effectiveness estimates. Design: We reviewed studies published 1966-2004 to assess risk reduction for gonorrhea and/or chlamydia associated with male condom use. Results: Of 45 studies identified, most found reduced risk of infection associated with condom use. All studies reviewed had methodologic limitations: only 28 (62%) distinguished consistent from inconsistent use; 2 (4%) reported on correct use or use problems; 13 (29%) distinguished incident from prevalent infection; and one (2%) included a population with documented exposure to infection. Eight of 10 studies with 2 or more of these attributes reported statistically significant protective effects for condom use versus 15 of 35 studies with zero or one attribute (80% vs. 43%, P = 0.04). Conclusions: Condom use was associated with reduced risk of gonorrhea and chlamydia in men and women in most studies, despite methodologic limitations that likely underestimate condom effectiveness. Epidemiologic studies that better address these factors are needed to provide more accurate assessment of condom effectiveness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Warner, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dlw7@cdc.gov RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014; Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 122 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1 BP 36 EP 51 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000187908.42622.fd PG 16 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 999IP UT WOS:000234383300011 PM 16385221 ER PT B AU Gibbons, DE Grover, SL AF Gibbons, Deborah E. Grover, Steven L. BE Graen, GB Graen, JA TI NETWORK FACTORS IN LEADER-MEMBER RELATIONSHIPS SO SHARING NETWORK LEADERSHIP SE LMX Leadership Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VERTICAL DYAD LINKAGE; INFORMAL NETWORKS; SOCIAL NETWORKS; PERFORMANCE; ORGANIZATIONS; TASK; FRIENDSHIP; COGNITION; CONTAGION; WORKPLACE AB This chapter applies basic precepts of network theory to leader-member relationships and leadership exchanges that are embedded in broader social networks. The network concepts include relational attributes such as friendship, advice, or trust that may compose a relationship; formation and effects of triads and other subgroupings: patterns of relationship-building within and beyond the group or team, and centrality in the network. Each network concept is integrated with LMX theory to produce propositions about network structures including leader-member relationships. Finally, complementany effects of interpersonal relations, network structures, and LMX relationships on team process effectiveness are discussed. C1 [Gibbons, Deborah E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gibbons, Deborah E.] City Atlanta Govt, Atlanta, GA USA. [Grover, Steven L.] Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Grover, Steven L.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Grover, Steven L.] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-59311-529-6 J9 LMX LEADERSH SER PY 2006 VL 4 BP 63 EP 93 PG 31 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BKA17 UT WOS:000267576200004 ER PT J AU Erguder, T Soydal, T Ugurlu, M Cakir, B Warren, CW AF Erguder, T Soydal, T Ugurlu, M Cakir, B Warren, CW TI Tobacco use among youth and related characteristics, Turkey SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN LA English DT Article DE smoking; youth; adolescents; survey; Turkey; GYTS AB Objectives: To provide nationally representative data on smoking prevalence of Turkish adolescents; to examine their knowledge, attitude and exposure to tobacco Methods: A school-based representative survey of adolescents (13-15 years) was conducted within the frame of Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). 15957 students were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling method and completed an internationally standardized questionnaire on tobacco use and related factors. Results: About one-third of students had already experienced smoking and 10% were current smokers. Rate of exposure to passive smoking was high both in current smokers (89.0%) and never smokers (79.2%). More than one-third Of Current smokers had intended to quit. Susceptibility to initiate smoking was fairly high among never smokers, especially in boys (9.1% versus 5.8%). Considerable proportions of both never, and current smokers had positive attitude toward tobacco use. Half of the students had no school curriculum about the effects of tobacco use. Conclusions: Smoking prevalence among Turkish adolescents is alarmingly high and the gender gap is closing. A relevant legislation is a must for success in tobacco control but should be combined by other effective prevention and cessation programs. C1 Minist Hlth, Primary Hlth Care Gen Directorate, Ankara, Turkey. Hacettepe Univ, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Erguder, T (reprint author), Saglik Bakerligi Temel Saglik Hizmetlei, Ment Hlth Dept Primary Hlth Care, Subst Dependence Sect, Gen Directorate, Genel Mudurlugu B Blok Kat 4, Ankara, Turkey. EM toker.erguder@saglik.gov.tr NR 17 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0303-8408 J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED JI Sozial-und Pravent. PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1007/s00038-005-0020-x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037BE UT WOS:000237120900007 PM 18027787 ER PT J AU Baska, T Sovinova, H Nemeth, A Przewozniak, K Warren, CW Kavcova, E AF Baska, T Sovinova, H Nemeth, A Przewozniak, K Warren, CW Kavcova, E CA Czech Republic Hungary Poland Slov TI Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia - smoking initiation, prevalence of tobacco use and cessation SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN LA English DT Article DE smoking; epidemiology; adolescent ID RISK BEHAVIORS; CIGAR USE; QUESTIONNAIRE AB Objectives: To show selected findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) conducted in Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Methods: Representative sample of 16918 school children aged 13-15 years; data were obtained through uniform questionnaires. The fieldwork was conducted in 2002 and 2003. Results: Age at initiation of smoking was particularly earlier in Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia than in Hungary. Over one third of the students reported current cigarette smoking in Czech Republic (34.9 %) and Hungary (33.5 %) compared to about one-fourth in Slovakia (24.3 %) and Poland (23.3 %). Among current smokers, about two thirds in Slovakia (64.0 %) desired to stop smoking, while only one third in Hungary (36.7 %). The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was similar between genders. Discussion: Smoking prevalence in these countries is considerably higher than worldwide data. Women's smoking could be an important public health problem in the future. Repeated surveys could show trends and give a clearer picture of the epidemiological situation. C1 Comenius Univ, Jessenius Fac Med, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Martin 03753, Slovakia. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Prague, Czech Republic. Natl Ctr Hlth Promot & Dev, Budapest, Hungary. Marie Sklodowska Curie Canc Ctr & Inst, Warsaw, Poland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baska, T (reprint author), Comenius Univ, Jessenius Fac Med, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Sklabinska 26, Martin 03753, Slovakia. EM baska@jfmed.uniba.sk NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0303-8408 J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED JI Sozial-und Pravent. PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 110 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s00038-005-0022-8 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037BE UT WOS:000237120900009 PM 18027789 ER PT J AU McQueen, DV AF McQueen, David V. TI The mantra of partnership SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH; COLLABORATION; FRAMEWORK C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, DHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McQueen, DV (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, DHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvmcqueen@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0303-8408 J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED JI Sozial-und Pravent. PY 2006 VL 51 IS 6 BP 331 EP 332 DI 10.1007/s00038-006-0203-0 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 118ER UT WOS:000242925600001 ER PT B AU Sauter, SL Murphy, LR AF Sauter, Steven L. Murphy, Lawrence R. BE Rossi, AM Perrewe, P Sauter, SL TI Approaches to prevention of job stress in the United States SO Stress and Quality of Working Life: CURRENT PERSPECTIVES IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Stress-Management-Association CY 2005 CL Porto Alegre, BRAZIL SP Int Stress Management Assoc ID FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT; WORK; INTERVENTIONS; HEALTH; MANAGEMENT; EMPLOYMENT; BENEFITS; CARE AB National surveys in the United States (U.S.) find relatively high levels of job stress in the workforce, with a third or more of all workers reporting that their jobs are "often" or "always" stressful. Concerns have been raised that new organizational practices, such as the adoption of lean production work systems and flexible employment policies, may pose yet further risk for stress in the workplace. Interventions to reduce job stress in U.S. organizations have focused primarily on individual-oriented programs such as stress management. While these efforts have demonstrated utility for lowering psychological and physiological signs of stress, interventions that address work organization (organizational practices and job design) are generally preferred because they are believed to more directly address the sources of stress at work. However, for reasons that are unclear at present, research has not consistently shown that these "stressor reduction" interventions actually lower worker levels of stress. Another class of interventions that has become common in U.S. workplaces addresses work-life balance, but data on the effectiveness of this type of intervention in lowering worker stress are also mixed. Suggestions to improve the effectiveness and conduct of interventions that focus on work reorganization in U.S. organizations are offered, including development of guidelines on the design, implementation, and evaluation of interventions, and better integration of work organization interventions into organizational programs to reduce job stress. C1 NIOSH, Org Sci & Human Factors Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-59311-485-5 PY 2006 BP 183 EP 197 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Business & Economics GA BFZ54 UT WOS:000245650100015 ER PT J AU Semaan, S Jarlais, DCD Malow, R AF Semaan, Salaam Jarlais, Don C. Des Malow, Rob TI Behavior change and health-related interventions for heterosexual risk reduction among drug users SO SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE LA English DT Review DE global research; HIV; injection drug use; research interventions; sexual risk ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE TREATMENT; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT; HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS; LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY; METHAMPHETAMINE USERS; CRACK COCAINE; UNITED-STATES AB < p > Prevention of heterosexual transmission of HIV between and from drug users is important for controlling the local and global HIV heterosexual epidemic. Sex risk reduction interventions and health-related interventions are important for reducing the sex risk behaviors of drug users. Sex risk reduction interventions address individual-level, peer-level, and structural-level determinants of risk reduction. Health-related interventions include HIV counseling and testing, prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and delivery of highly active antiretroviral therapy. It is important to adapt effective interventions implemented in resource-rich countries to the realities of the resource-constrained settings and to address relevant contextual factors. C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Semaan, S (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssemaan@cdc.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA013802] NR 168 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1082-6084 J9 SUBST USE MISUSE JI Subst. Use Misuse PY 2006 VL 41 IS 10-12 BP 1349 EP 1378 DI 10.1080/10826080600838018 PG 30 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 087ZQ UT WOS:000240781700002 PM 17002987 ER PT J AU Fleming, ST McDavid, K Pearce, K Pavlov, D AF Fleming, Steven T. McDavid, Kathleen Pearce, Kevin Pavlov, Dmitri TI Comorbidities and the risk of late-stage prostate cancer SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article DE comorbidity; race; claims data; Medicare; prostate cancer; stage of illness ID LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; BREAST-CANCER; MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; PATIENT; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; OUTCOMES; THERAPY AB The degree to which comorbidities affect the diagnosis of prostate cancer is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine how comorbidities affect the stage at which prostate cancer is diagnosed in elderly white and black men. We obtained data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of the National Cancer Institute merged with Medicare claims data. For each patient, we estimated associations between stage of disease at diagnosis and each of the 27 comorbidities. The sample included 2,489 black and 2,587 white men with staged prostate cancer. Coronary artery disease, benign hypertension, and dyslipidemia reduced the odds of late-stage prostate cancer. A prior diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease, severe renal disease, or substance abuse increased the odds of being diagnosed with late-stage disease. The study shows some effect modification by race, particularly among white men with substance abuse, cardiac conduction disorders, and other neurologic conditions. The strongest predictors of late-stage prostate cancer diagnosis for both white and black men were age at diagnosis of at least 80 years and lack of PSA screening. Comorbidities do affect stage at diagnosis, although in different ways. Four hypotheses are discussed to explain these findings. C1 Univ Kentucky, Coll Publ Hlth, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Pfizer Inc, New London, CT USA. RP Fleming, ST (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Publ Hlth, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM stflem2@uky.edu FU ATSDR CDC HHS [U50/CCU300860 TS-319] NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PY 2006 VL 6 BP 2460 EP 2470 DI 10.1100/tsw.2006.383 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 172KM UT WOS:000246803200026 PM 17619718 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Roberts, S Dowling, N Austin, H Lally, C Whitsett, C AF Hooper, W. Craig Roberts, Stacy Dowling, Nicole Austin, Harland Lally, Cathy Whitsett, Carolyn TI The prevalence of the prothrombin gene variant C20209T in African-Americans and Caucasians and lack of association with venous thromboembolism SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID THROMBOSIS; ALLELE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, MS Do2,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA USA. EM chooper@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PY 2006 VL 118 IS 6 BP 767 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.12.001 PG 2 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 112VQ UT WOS:000242556200017 PM 16469364 ER PT J AU Watts, CS Liang, JL Schantz, PM AF Watts, Corey S. Liang, Jennifer L. Schantz, Peter M. BE Holland, CV Smith, HV TI Baylisascariasis: an Emerging and Potentially Fatal Form of Larval Migrans SO TOXOCARA: THE ENIGMATIC PARASITE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNILATERAL SUBACUTE NEURORETINITIS; RACCOON ROUNDWORM; PROCYONIS ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; INFECTIONS; DOGS C1 [Watts, Corey S.; Liang, Jennifer L.; Schantz, Peter M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watts, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pms1@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-026-4 PY 2006 BP 228 EP 236 PG 9 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Business & Economics; Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BVZ68 UT WOS:000293215100016 ER PT J AU Schantz, PM AF Schantz, Peter M. BE Holland, CV Smith, HV TI Toxocariasis: the Veterinarian's Role in Prevention of Zoonotic Transmission SO TOXOCARA: THE ENIGMATIC PARASITE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTESTINAL PARASITES; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; DOGS; HEALTH; DISEASES; CANIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schantz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pms1@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-026-4 PY 2006 BP 253 EP 259 PG 7 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Business & Economics; Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BVZ68 UT WOS:000293215100018 ER PT J AU Kalluri, P Naheed, A Rahman, S Ansaruzzaman, M Faruque, ASG Bird, M Khatun, F Bhuiyan, NA Nato, F Fournier, JM Bopp, C Breiman, RF Nair, GB Mintz, ED AF Kalluri, P Naheed, A Rahman, S Ansaruzzaman, M Faruque, ASG Bird, M Khatun, F Bhuiyan, NA Nato, F Fournier, JM Bopp, C Breiman, RF Nair, GB Mintz, ED TI Evaluation of three rapid diagnostic tests for cholera: does the skill level of the technician matter? SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE diarrhoea; Vibrio cholerae; laboratory diagnosis; diagnosis ID STOOL SAMPLES; O139; KIT AB OBJECTIVE To evaluate SMART(TM), Medicos(TM) Dip Stick and an Institut Pasteur (IP) cholera dipstick tests for accuracy and ease of use. METHOD Every 50th patient presenting with diarrhoea at ICDDR,B between 1 April 2003 and 30 November 2003 was enrolled. The rapid diagnostic tests were performed by field and laboratory technicians, and sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values calculated. RESULTS We isolated Vibrio cholerae O1 from 116 (38%) of 304 patients. The Se, Sp, PPV and NPV of the SMART(TM) test were 58%, 95%, 84% and 84% for field technicians, and 83%, 88%, 83% and 88% for laboratory technicians. The Se, Sp, PPV and NPV of the IP dipstick test were 93%, 67%, 63% and 94% for field technicians, and 94%, 76%, 70% and 95% for laboratory technicians. The Se, Sp, PPV and NPV of the Medicos(TM) test were 84%, 79%, 71% and 90% for field technicians, and 88%, 80%, 72% and 92% for laboratory technicians. A high proportion of indeterminates (30%) hampered the performance of the SMART(TM) test. The IP dipstick had the highest Se, irrespective of technician skill level. CONCLUSIONS The IP dipstick is the most appropriate rapid diagnostic assay for the detection of V. cholerae O1 in locations where the skill level of personnel may be low, such as remote areas or refugee camp settings. High cost may limit the utility of any diagnostic test in the developing world. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. RP Kalluri, P (reprint author), Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Rm 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. EM pkram@buffalo.edu NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JAN PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01539.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 001QZ UT WOS:000234552700007 PM 16398755 ER PT J AU Allen, AS Satten, GA AF Allen, AS Satten, GA TI Robust testing of haplotype/disease association SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Genetic Analysis Workshop CY SEP 07-19, 2004 CL Noordwijkerhout, NETHERLANDS ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ALGORITHM AB Haplotypes, the combination of closely linked alleles that fall on the same chromosome, show great promise for studying the genetic components of complex diseases. However, when only multilocus genotype data are available, statistical approaches need to be employed to resolve haplotype phase ambiguity. Recently, we have proposed an approach to testing and estimating haplotype/ disease association that is invariant to any existing genetic structure in the population. Here we evaluate this approach by applying it to the Genetic Analysis Workshop 14 simulated data. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Allen, AS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM andrew.s.allen@duke.edu; gas0@cdc.gov OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K25 HL077663] NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD DEC 30 PY 2005 VL 6 SU 1 AR S69 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-6-S1-S69 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 023CR UT WOS:000236103400069 PM 16451682 ER PT J AU Bailey-Wilson, JE Almasy, L de Andrade, M Bailey, J Bickeboller, H Cordell, HJ Daw, EW Goldin, L Goode, EL Gray-McGuire, C Hening, W Jarvik, G Maher, BS Mendell, N Paterson, AD Rice, J Satten, G Suarez, B Vieland, V Wilcox, M Zhang, HP Ziegler, A MacCluer, JW AF Bailey-Wilson, JE Almasy, L de Andrade, M Bailey, J Bickeboller, H Cordell, HJ Daw, EW Goldin, L Goode, EL Gray-McGuire, C Hening, W Jarvik, G Maher, BS Mendell, N Paterson, AD Rice, J Satten, G Suarez, B Vieland, V Wilcox, M Zhang, HP Ziegler, A MacCluer, JW TI Genetic Analysis Workshop 14: microsatellite and single-nucleotide polymorphism marker loci for genome-wide scans SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NHGRI, Inherited Dis Res Branch, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Gottingen, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Cambridge, Dept Med Genet, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Craniofacial & Dent Genet, Pittsburgh, PA USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Luebeck, Lubeck, Germany. RP Bailey-Wilson, JE (reprint author), NHGRI, Inherited Dis Res Branch, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM jebw@mail.nih.gov; almasy@darwin.sfbr.org; mandrade@mayo.edu; jbailey@npih.mednet.ucla.edu; hbickeb@gwdg.de; heather.cordell@cimr.cam.ac.uk; warwick@request.mdacc.tmc.edu; goldinl@mail.nih.gov; egoode@mayo.edu; mcguire@darwin.epbi.cwru.edu; WAHeningMD@aol.com; pair@u.washington.edu; brion@pitt.edu; nmendell@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; andrew.paterson@utoronto.ca; john@zork.wustl.edu; gas0@cdc.gov; bks@themfs.wustl.edu; veronica-vieland@uiowa.edu; mwilcox@bu.edu; heping.zhang@yale.edu; ziegler@imbs.uni-luebeck.de; jean@darwin.sfbr.org RI Maher, Brion/F-9185-2010; Jarvik, Gail/N-6476-2014; Paterson, Andrew/A-4088-2011; OI Jarvik, Gail/0000-0002-6710-8708; Paterson, Andrew/0000-0002-9169-118X; Ziegler, Andreas/0000-0002-8386-5397; Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [N01HG65403]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK031775]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM031575]; NIMH NIH HHS [T32 MH065213]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS027941] NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD DEC 30 PY 2005 VL 6 SU 1 AR S1 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-6-S1-S1 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 023CR UT WOS:000236103400001 PM 16451554 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA AF Schulte, PA TI The use of biomarkers in surveillance, medical screening, and intervention SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Satellite Meeting on Linking Toxicology to Epidemiology - Biomarkers and New Technologies CY 2004 CL Haikko, FINLAND DE biomarkers; risk assessment; surveillance; screening; intervention ID ETHICAL-ISSUES; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CANCER-RESEARCH; GENETIC TESTS; END-POINTS; MARKERS; WORKERS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFORMATION AB Building on mechanistic information, much of molecular epidemiologic research has focused on validating biomarkers, that is, assessing their ability to accurately indicate exposure, effect, disease, or susceptibility. To be of use in surveillance, medical screening, or interventions, biomarkers must already be validated so that they can be used as outcomes or indicators that can serve a particular function. In surveillance, biomarkers can be used as indicators of hazard, exposure, disease, and population risk. However, to obtain rates for these measures, the population at risk will need to be assessed. In medical screening, biomarkers can serve as early indicators of disease in asymptomatic people. This allows for the identification of those who should receive diagnostic confirmation and early treatment. In intervention (which includes risk assessment and communication, risk management, and various prevention efforts), biomarkers can be used to assess the effectiveness of a prevention or control strategy as well as help determine whether the appropriate individuals are assigned to the correct intervention category. Biomarkers can be used to provide group and individual risk assessments that can be the basis for marshalling resources. Critical for using biomarkers in surveillance, medical screening, and intervention is the justification that the biomarkers can provide information not otherwise accessible by a less expensive and easier-to-obtain source of information, such as medical records, surveys, or vital statistics. The ability to use validated biomarkers in surveillance, medical screening, and intervention will depend on the extent to which a strategy for evidence-based procedures for biomarker knowledge transfer can be developed and implemented. This will require the interaction of researchers and decision-makers to collaborate on public health and medical issues. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIOSH, Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-C14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pas4@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD DEC 30 PY 2005 VL 592 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.06.019 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 996UC UT WOS:000234199400016 PM 16051280 ER PT J AU Pushko, P Tumpey, TM Bu, F Knell, J Robinson, R Smith, G AF Pushko, P Tumpey, TM Bu, F Knell, J Robinson, R Smith, G TI Influenza virus-like particles comprised of the HA, NA, and M1 proteins of H9N2 influenza virus induce protective immune responses in BALB/c mice SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; virus-like particles; influenza vaccine ID SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; LETHAL INFLUENZA; A VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ VACCINES; IMMUNOGENICITY; EXPRESSION; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; EFFICACY; HUMANS AB Avian influenza viruses represent a growing threat for an influenza pandemic. To develop recombinant vaccine for avian influenza of the H9N2 subtype, we expressed in insect cells virus-like particles (VLPs) consisting of three structural proteins of influenza At Hong Kong/1073/99 (H9N2) virus. Upon infection of SO cells with recombinant baculoviruses, the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix (M I) proteins were co-expressed in the infected cells, self-assembled, and released into the culture medium as VLPs of 80-120 nm in diameter. VLPs exhibited functional characteristics of influenza virus including hemagglutination and neuraminidase activities. In BALB/c mice, VLPs elicited serum antibodies specific for influenza A/Hong Kong/1073/99 (H9N2) virus and inhibited replication of the influenza virus after challenge. Thus, VLPs represent a potential strategy for the development of human vaccines against avian influenza H9N2 viruses. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Vaccine Technol, Novavax Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pushko, P (reprint author), Vaccine Technol, Novavax Inc, 1 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM ppushko@novavax.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI49509] NR 34 TC 157 Z9 176 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 30 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 50 BP 5751 EP 5759 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.098 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 997FM UT WOS:000234230500008 PM 16143432 ER PT J AU Bell, BP Kruszon-Moran, D Shapiro, CN Lambert, SB McQuillan, GM Margolis, HS AF Bell, BP Kruszon-Moran, D Shapiro, CN Lambert, SB McQuillan, GM Margolis, HS TI Hepatitis A virus infection in the United States: Serologic results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A virus; hepatitis A antibody; prevalence ID CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGIC PATTERN; MEXICO BORDER; YOUNG-ADULTS; ANTIBODY; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; SCHOOLCHILDREN; COMMUNITY; CHILDREN; ANTIGEN AB To determine the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in the general U.S. population, sera from participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 111) conducted in 1988-1994 were tested for antibody to HAV (anti-HAV). Among 21,260 participants aged >= 6 years tested, the overall prevalence of infection was 31.3%, and increased markedly with age. The age-adjusted prevalence was significantly higher among foreign-compared to U.S.-bom participants, and was highest among Mexican-Americans and lowest among non-Hispanic whites. Among U.S.-bom children, only Mexican-American ethnicity and income below the poverty level were associated with HAV infection in a multivariate model. During this period before hepatitis A vaccination, age, ethnicity and birthplace were the most important determinants of HAV infection in the United States. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, MS G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 30 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 50 BP 5798 EP 5806 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.03.060 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 997FM UT WOS:000234230500014 PM 16307834 ER PT J AU Espinoza, L Hall, HI Campsmith, ML Lee, LM AF Espinoza, L Hall, HI Campsmith, ML Lee, LM TI Trends in HIV/AIDS diagnoses - 33 states, 2001-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1149-1153, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID AIDS EPIDEMIC C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Espinoza, L (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 28 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 24 BP 3076 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 997UL UT WOS:000234274200008 ER PT J AU Joseph, C van Wijngaarden, J Mshar, P Oravetz, C Fix, AM Genese, CA Johnson, GS Kacica, M Weant, B Jenkins, P Baker, N Forney, D Ames, J Vaughan, G Schnoor, J Kim, D Guerra, M Fields, B Moore, M Newbern, C Thigpen, M AF Joseph, C van Wijngaarden, J Mshar, P Oravetz, C Fix, AM Genese, CA Johnson, GS Kacica, M Weant, B Jenkins, P Baker, N Forney, D Ames, J Vaughan, G Schnoor, J Kim, D Guerra, M Fields, B Moore, M Newbern, C Thigpen, M TI Cruise-ship-associated Legionnaires disease, November 2003-May 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1153-1155, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PNEUMONIA C1 EWGLINET, London, England. Connecticut Dept Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Flagler Cty Hlth Dept, Bunnell, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Guilford Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Greensboro, NC USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. Philadelphia Dept Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Vessel Sanitat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Joseph, C (reprint author), EWGLINET, London, England. RI Vaughan, Gavin/B-1479-2010 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 28 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 24 BP 3080 EP 3081 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 997UL UT WOS:000234274200009 ER PT J CA Childrens Hosp Philadelphia TI Update: Ralstonia species associated with vapotherm oxygen delivery devices - United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1104-1105, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 28 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 24 BP 3082 EP 3082 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 997UL UT WOS:000234274200010 ER PT J AU Vora, GJ Meador, CE Bird, MM Bopp, CA Andreadis, JD Stenger, DA AF Vora, GJ Meador, CE Bird, MM Bopp, CA Andreadis, JD Stenger, DA TI Microarray-based detection of genetic heterogeneity, antimicrobial resistance, and the viable but nonculturable state in human pathogenic Vibrio spp. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE pathogen detection; molecular diagnostics; cholera ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PANDEMIC STRAINS; DNA MICROARRAYS; MESSENGER-RNA; CHOLERAE O139; SXT ELEMENT; CTX-PHI; PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; VIRULENCE; VULNIFICUS AB The morbidity and mortality associated with Vibrio-mediated waterborne diseases necessitates the development of sensitive detection technologies that are able to elucidate the identity, potential pathogenicity, susceptibility, and viability of contaminating bacteria in a timely manner. For this purpose, we have designed a single multiplex PCR assay to simultaneously amplify 95 diagnostic regions (encompassing species/serogroup-specific, antimicrobial resistance, and known toxin markers) and combined it with a long oligonucleotide microarray to create a platform capable of rapidly detecting and discriminating the major human pathogenic species from the genus Vibrio: V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. mimicus. We were able to validate this strategy by testing 100 geographically and temporally distributed isolates and observed an excellent concordance between species- and serotype-level microarray-based identification and traditional typing methods. In addition to accurate identification, the microarray simultaneously provided evidence of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements, such as sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim constins and class I integrons, and common toxin (ctxAB, rtxA, hap, hlyA, tl, tdh, trh, vvhA, vlly, and vmhA) and pathogenicity (tcpA, type III secretion system) genes that are associated with pathogenic Vibrio. The versatility of this method was further underscored by its ability to detect the expression of known toxin and virulence genes from potentially harmful viable but nonculturable organisms. The results suggest that this molecular identification method provides rapid and definitive information that would be of value in epidemiological, environmental, and health risk assessment surveillance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vora, GJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gvora@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 49 TC 75 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 27 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 52 BP 19109 EP 19114 DI 10.1073/pnas.0505033102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 998WG UT WOS:000234350000059 PM 16354840 ER PT J AU Blair, NA Yue, SK Singh, R Bernhardt, JM AF Blair, NA Yue, SK Singh, R Bernhardt, JM TI Depictions of substance use in reality television: a content analysis of The Osbournes SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENT SMOKING; TOBACCO USE; MOVIES; ALCOHOL AB Objective To determine the source and slant of messages in a reality television programme that may promote or inhibit health related or risky behaviours. Design Coding visual and verbal references to alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use in The Osbournes. Review methods Three reviewers watched all 10 episodes of the first season and coded incidents of substance use according to die substance used (alcohol, tobacco, or drugs), the way use was portrayed (visually or verbally), the source of the message (the character in the show involved in the incident), and the slant of the incident (endorsement or rejection). Main outcome measures The variation in number of messages in an average episode, the slant of messages, and message source. Results The average number of messages per episode was 9.1 (range 2-17). Most drug use messages (15, 54%) implied rejection of drugs, but most alcohol messages (30, 64%) and tobacco messages (12, 75%) implied endorsements for using these substances. Most rejections (34, 94%) were conveyed verbally, but most endorsements (36, 65%) were conveyed Visually. Messages varied in frequency and slant by source. Conclusions The reality television show analysed in this study contains numerous messages on Substance use that imply both rejection and endorsement Of use. The juxtaposition of verbal rejection messages and visual endorsement messages, and the depiction of contradictory messages about substance use from show characters, may send mixed messages to viewers about substance use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Career Master Publ Hlth Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NYU, Coll Dent, New York, NY USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Blair, NA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nblair@cdc.gov OI Bernhardt, Jay/0000-0002-2045-4005 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD DEC 24 PY 2005 VL 331 IS 7531 BP 1517 EP + DI 10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1517 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 998WT UT WOS:000234351300017 PM 16373737 ER PT J AU Burrows, NR Wang, J Geiss, LS Narayan, KMV Engelgau, MM AF Burrows, NR Wang, J Geiss, LS Narayan, KMV Engelgau, MM TI Incidence of end-stage renal disease among persons with diabetes - United States, 1990-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1097-1100, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID COMPLICATIONS; RISK C1 CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Burrows, NR (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 21 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 23 BP 2962 EP 2963 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 995GB UT WOS:000234087700009 ER PT J AU Kuiper, N Malarcher, A Bombard, J Maurice, E Jackson, K AF Kuiper, N Malarcher, A Bombard, J Maurice, E Jackson, K TI State-specific prevalence of cigarette smoking and quitting among adults - United States, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1124, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kuiper, N (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 21 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 23 BP 2963 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 995GB UT WOS:000234087700010 ER PT J AU Tomashek, KM Shapiro-Mendoza, C Davis, TW AF Tomashek, KM Shapiro-Mendoza, C Davis, TW TI Commentary on investigation of sudden unexpected deaths in infancy SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tomashek, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop K-23,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM KTomashek@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD DEC 20 PY 2005 VL 155 IS 2-3 BP 231 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.07.010 PG 2 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 983YL UT WOS:000233268200022 PM 16143475 ER PT J AU Green, BJ Schmechel, D Sercombe, JK Tovey, ER AF Green, BJ Schmechel, D Sercombe, JK Tovey, ER TI Enumeration and detection of aerosolized Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium chrysogenum conidia and hyphae using a novel double immunostaining technique SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE allergen; conidia; fungi; germination; immunoassay; Mold ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FUNGAL ALLERGENS; EXPOSURE; BIOCONTAMINANTS; AEROALLERGEN; GERMINATION; ALTERNARIA; FRAGMENTS; PRODUCTS; RELEASE AB The identification of collected airborne unicellular fungal conidia and hyphae using nonviable techniques is subjective and an imprecise process. Similarly, to determine whether an individual is allergic to a particular genus requires a separate immunodiagnostic analysis. This study demonstrates the development of a novel double inummostaining halogen assay, which enables (1) the simultaneous identification of collected airborne fungal conidia and hyphae of Aspergillusfumigatus and Penicillium chrysogenum using monoclonal antibodies and (2) the demonstration of patient-specific allergy to the same particles using human serum IgE. The results demonstrate that when conidia were ungerminated the binding of antibodies was homogeneous and localized in close proximity around the entire conidia for both species. However, when conidia were germinated, the proportion expressing antigen increased (P < 0.0001) for both species and the sites of binding of the two antibodies changed with double immunostaining restricted to the hyphal tips for A. fumigatus, in addition to the sites of germination for P chrysogenum. The described immunoassay has the potential to identify fungal particles in personal environmental air samples, provided species-specific monoclonal antibodies are available, while simultaneously demonstrating allergic sensitization to the same particles by co-staining the samples with the patient's own serum. Such an immunoassay can use those fungi that the patient is actually exposed to and potentially avoids many problems associated with extract variability based on the performance of current diagnostic techniques for fungal allergy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Sydney, Dept Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Green, BJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 4020, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM Brett.Green@cdc.hhs.gov NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD DEC 20 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2005.10.001 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 002PE UT WOS:000234622700013 PM 16280129 ER PT J AU Han, SG Kim, Y Kashon, ML Pack, DL Castranova, V Vallyathan, V AF Han, SG Kim, Y Kashon, ML Pack, DL Castranova, V Vallyathan, V TI Correlates of oxidative stress and free-radical activity in serum from asymptomatic shipyard welders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE exposure to welding fumes; lipid peroxidation; markers of oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; serum antioxidants ID PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; WELDING FUMES; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; MANGANESE; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; HEALTH; IRON AB Rationale: Oxidative stress is believed to play a key role in the development of welding-induced disease. Objectives: This study investigated the effects of welding fume exposure on correlates of oxidative stress in the serum of asymptomatic shipyard welders. Methods: Blood samples from 197 male welders and 150 unexposed male office workers were analyzed for manganese and lead. Serum was assayed for protein, albumin, total antioxidant status (TAS), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), aconitase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), heat shock protein 70, isoprostane, and reactive oxygen species, using electron spin resonance and chemiluminescence. Comparisons between welders and control subjects on biomarkers of oxidative stress were made, and evaluated for the effects of age and smoking. Associations between blood levels of manganese and lead and biomarkers were also explored. Results: Welding was associated with increases in serum protein, GPx, aconitase, TAS, and isoprostane levels compared with control subjects. These group differences were not altered by age or smoking. In welders and control subjects, age was significantly associated with changes in albumin, TAS, chemiluminescence, GPx, and Mn-SOD. In welders and control subjects, smoking resulted in a decrease in GPx, and in a significant interaction between smoking and chemiluminescence. There were significant correlations between manganese levels in welders' blood and chemiluminescence, GPx, and Mn-SOD, and between lead levels and albumin, TAS, GPx, and Mn-SOD. Conclusions: These results document that exposure to welding can cause changes in serum biomarkers of oxidative stress that may be valuable in clinical monitoring of disease development and in assessing whether further reduction of worker exposures is needed. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Genet & Dev Biol Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Ulsan, Sch Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. RP Vallyathan, V (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM vav1@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 172 IS 12 BP 1541 EP 1548 DI 10.1164/rccm.200409-1222OC PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 994GK UT WOS:000234019000014 PM 16166614 ER PT J AU Huhn, GD Bauer, AM Yorita, K Graham, MB Sejvar, J Likos, A Damon, IK Reynolds, MG Kuehnert, MJ AF Huhn, GD Bauer, AM Yorita, K Graham, MB Sejvar, J Likos, A Damon, IK Reynolds, MG Kuehnert, MJ TI Clinical characteristics of human monkeypox, and risk factors for severe disease SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID HAEMORRHAGIC SMALLPOX; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; REEMERGENCE; AFRICA; CONGO; ZAIRE AB Background. Human monkeypox is an emerging smallpox-like illness that was identified for the first time in the United States during an outbreak in 2003. Knowledge of the clinical manifestations of monkeypox in adults is limited, and clinical laboratory findings have been unknown. Methods. Demographic information; medical history; smallpox vaccination status; signs, symptoms, and duration of illness, and laboratory results (hematologic and serum chemistry findings) were extracted from medical records of patients with a confirmed case of monkeypox in the United States. Two-way comparisons were conducted between pediatric and adult patients and between patients with and patients without previous smallpox vaccination. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for severe disease (fever [temperature, >= 38.3 degrees C] and the presence of rash [>= 100 lesions]), activity and duration of hospitalization, and abnormal clinical laboratory findings were performed. Results. Of 34 patients with a confirmed case of monkeypox, 5 (15%) were defined as severely ill, and 9 (26%) were hospitalized for 148 h; no patients died. Previous smallpox vaccination was not associated with disease severity or hospitalization. Pediatric patients (age, <= 18 years) were more likely to be hospitalized in an intensive care unit. Nausea and/or vomiting and mouth sores were independently associated with a hospitalization duration of 148 h and with having >= 3 laboratory tests with abnormal results. Conclusion. Monkeypox can cause a severe clinical illness, with systemic signs and symptoms and abnormal clinical laboratory findings. In the appropriate epidemiologic context, monkeypox should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients with unusual vesiculopustular exanthems, mucosal lesions, gastrointestinal symptoms, and abnormal hematologic or hepatic laboratory findings. Clinicians evaluating a rash illness consistent with possible orthopoxvirus infection should alert public health officials and consider further evaluation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Div Infect Dis, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A30, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mgk8@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1742 EP 1751 DI 10.1086/498115 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 989UB UT WOS:000233698300009 PM 16288398 ER PT J AU Xu, P Kujundzic, E Peccia, J Schafer, MP Moss, G Hernandez, M Miller, SL AF Xu, P Kujundzic, E Peccia, J Schafer, MP Moss, G Hernandez, M Miller, SL TI Impact of environmental factors on efficacy of upper-room air ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for inactivating airborne mycobacteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; PHOTOREACTIVATION; BACTERIA; DISINFECTION; TUBERCULOSIS; RADIATION; AEROSOLS; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL; LIQUID AB This study evaluated the efficacy of an upper-room air ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) system for inactivating airborne bacteria, which irradiates the upper part of a room while minimizing radiation exposure to persons in the lower part of the room. A full-scale test room (87 m(3)), fitted with a UVGI system consisting of 9 louvered wall and ceiling fixtures (504W all lamps operating) was operated at 24 and 34 degrees C, between 25 and 90% relative humidity, and at three ventilation rates. Mycobacterium parafortuitum cells were aerosolized into the room such that their numbers and physiologic state were comparable both with and without the UVGI system operating. Airborne bacteria were collected in duplicate using liquid impingers and quantified with direct epifluorescent microscopy and standard culturing assay. Performance of the UVGI system degraded significantly when the relative humidity was increased from 50% to 75-90% RH, the horizontal UV fluence rate distribution was skewed to one side compared to being evenly dispersed, and the room air temperature was stratified from hot at the ceiling to cold at the floor. The inactivation rate increased linearly with effective UV fluence rate up to 5 mu W cm(-2); an increase in the fluence rate above this level did not yield a proportional increase in inactivation rate. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Xu, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM shelly.miller@colorado.edu FU PHS HHS [200-97-2602] NR 32 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 24 BP 9656 EP 9664 DI 10.1021/es0504892 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995VU UT WOS:000234133300041 PM 16475348 ER PT J AU Reed, MD Blair, LF Burling, K Daly, I Gigliotti, AP Gudi, R Mercieca, MD McDonald, JD Naas, DJ O'Callaghan, JP Seilkop, SK Ronsko, NL Wagner, VO Kraska, RC AF Reed, MD Blair, LF Burling, K Daly, I Gigliotti, AP Gudi, R Mercieca, MD McDonald, JD Naas, DJ O'Callaghan, JP Seilkop, SK Ronsko, NL Wagner, VO Kraska, RC TI Health effects of subchronic exposure to diesel-water emulsion emission SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; ENGINE EXHAUST; PULMONARY CARCINOGEN; INHALATION EXPOSURE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; CORNEAL-DYSTROPHY; FISCHER-344 RATS; CARBON-BLACK; F344 RATS; MORTALITY AB The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone and particulate matter are requiring urban nonattainment areas to implement pollution-reduction strategies for anthropogenic source emissions. A type of fuel shown to decrease combustion emissions components versus traditional diesel fuels is the diesel-water emulsion. The Lubrizol Corporation in conjunction with Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute and several subcontracting laboratories recently conducted a rodent health assessment of inhaled combustion emissions of PuriNO(x) diesel fuel emulsion. Combustion emissions from either of two 2001 model Cummins 5.9-L ISB engines were diluted with charcoal-filtered air to exposure concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mu g total particulate matter/m(3). The engines were operated on a continuously repeating, heavy-duty certification cycle (U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Chapter I) using Rotella-T 15W-40 engine oil. Nitrogen oxide and particulate matter were reduced when engines were operated on PuriNOx versus California Air Resources Board diesel fuel under these conditions. Male and female F344 rats were housed in Hazleton H2000 exposure chambers and exposed to exhaust atmospheres 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for the first 11 wk and 7 days/wk thereafter. Exposures ranged from 58 to 70 days, depending on the treatment group. Indicators of general toxicity (body weight, organ weight, clinical pathology, and histopathology), neurotoxicity (glial fibrillary acidic protein assay), genotoxicity (Ames assay, micronucleus, sister chromatid exchange), and reproduction and development were measured. Overall, effects observed were mild. Emulsion combustion emissions were not associated with neurotoxicity, reproductive/developmental toxicity, or in vivo genotoxicity. Small decreases in serum cholesterol and small increases in platelet values in some groups of exposed animals were observed. Particulate matter accumulation within alveolar macrophages was evident in all exposure groups. These findings are consistent with normal physiological responses to particle inhalation. Other statistically significant effects were present in some measured parameters of other exposed groups but were not clearly attributed to emissions exposure. Positive mutagenic responses in several strains of Salmonella typhimurium were observed subsequent to treatment with emulsion emissions subfractions. Based on the cholesterol and platelet results, it can be concluded that the 100-mu g/m(3) exposure level was the no-observed-effect level. In general, biological findings in diesel emulsion emission-exposed animals and bacteria were consistent with exposure to petroleum diesel exhaust in the F344 rat and Ames assays. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Anim Eye Specialists San Jose, San Jose, CA USA. Regulatory Tech Associates, Allendale, NJ USA. BioReliance Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Pathol Associates Inc, Frederick, MD USA. AccuTox Consulting Serv Ltd, Midland, MI USA. NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. SKS Consulting Serv, Siler City, NC USA. Lubrizol Corp, Wickliffe, OH USA. RP Reed, MD (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM mreed@lrri.org RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 14 BP 851 EP 870 DI 10.1080/08958370500242898 PG 20 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 982JA UT WOS:000233152700008 PM 16282163 ER PT J AU Jenkins, RA Thapinta, D Morgan, PA Wongkamhaeng, S Sornsathapornkul, P Bussaratid, V Sontirat, A Pitisuttithum, P Thongchareoen, P Khamboonruang, C Suriyanon, V Nitayaphan, S Brown, AE AF Jenkins, RA Thapinta, D Morgan, PA Wongkamhaeng, S Sornsathapornkul, P Bussaratid, V Sontirat, A Pitisuttithum, P Thongchareoen, P Khamboonruang, C Suriyanon, V Nitayaphan, S Brown, AE CA Thai AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Grp TI Behavioral and social issues among volunteers in a preventive HIV vaccine trial in Thailand SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV vaccine trials; HIV sexual risk behavior; Thailand ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; NORTHERN THAILAND; RISK BEHAVIOR; DRUG-USE; PHASE-I; MEN; PARTICIPATE; INFECTION; WILLINGNESS AB Behavioral and social issues were investigated in 363 phase I/II preventive HIV-1 vaccine trial Volunteers in Thailand. These issues included risk behavior, HIV knowledge, distress, and social consequences of vaccine trial participation. Data were collected at baseline and at 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow-Lip visits. Volunteers reported relatively low levels of risk behaviors at baseline and at follow-up. Overtly negative reactions from family or friends were reported by 5.9%. No experiences of discrimination in employment, health care, or insurance were reported. Mean levels of distress were low throughout the trial, and HIV-related knowledge was high, although it was common to consider the possibility of HIV transmission through casual contact. Findings add to the evidence that preventive HIV vaccine trials are feasible in Thailand. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. USA Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Nursing, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Vaccine Trial Ctr, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Med, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Royal Thai Army Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Jenkins, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rgj2@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 592 EP 599 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000171725.09812.a5 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 989SR UT WOS:000233694600014 PM 16284537 ER PT J AU Krebs, JW Mandel, EJ Swerdlow, DL Rupprecht, CE AF Krebs, JW Mandel, EJ Swerdlow, DL Rupprecht, CE TI Public veterinary medicine: Public health - Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2004 SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RACCOON RABIES; ORAL VACCINATION; VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CARNIVORES; INFECTION; COYOTES; EFFICACY; WILDLIFE; ANIMALS AB During 2004, 49 states and Puerto Rico reported 6,836 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 8 cases in human beings to the CDC, representing a 4.6% decrease from the 7,170 cases in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings reported in 2003. Approximately 92% of the cases were in wildlife, and 8% were in domestic animals (compared with 91% and 9%, respectively, in 2003). Relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,564 raccoons (375%), 1,856 skunks (27.1%), 1,361 bats (19.9%), 389 foxes (5.7%), 281 cats (4.1%), 115 cattle (1.7%), and 94 dogs (1.4%). Compared with the numbers of reported cases in 2003, cases in 2004 decreased among all groups, except bats, cattle, human beings, and "other domestics" (1 llama). Decreases in numbers of rabid raccoons during 2004 were reported by 12 of the 20 eastern states in which raccoon rabies was enzootic. In the East, Massachusetts reported the first cases of raccoon rabies detected beyond the Cape Cod oral rabies vaccine barrier. Along the western edge of the raccoon rabies epizootic (Ohio in the north and Tennessee in the south), cases of rabies were reported from unexpected new foci beyond oral rabies vaccine zones. On a national level, the number of rabies cases in skunks during 2004 decreased by 12.1% from the number reported in 2003. Once again, Texas reported the greatest number (n = 534) of rabid skunks and the greatest overall state total of rabies cases (913). Texas reported only 1 case of rabies in a dog that was infected with the dog/coyote rabies virus variant and only 22 cases associated with the Texas gray fox rabies virus variant (compared with 61 cases in 2003). The total number of cases of rabies reported nationally in foxes and raccoons declined 14.7% and 2.7%, respectively, during 2004. The 1,361 cases of rabies reported in bats during 2004 represented a 12.3% increase over the previous year's total of 1,212 cases for this group of mammals. Cases of rabies reported in cats, dogs, horses and mules, and sheep and goats decreased 12.5%, 19.7%, 31.8%, and 16.7%, respectively, whereas cases reported in cattle increased 174%. In Puerto Rico, reported cases of rabies in mongooses decreased 4.1% and rabies in dogs (9 cases) remained unchanged from those reported in 2003. Among the 8 cases of rabies in human beings, 1 person from Oklahoma and 3 from Texas died following receipt of infected organs and tissues from an Arkansas donor. In California, a person originally from El Salvador and, in Florida, a person originally from Haiti both died of canine rabies infections acquired outside the United States. In Wisconsin, a teenager contracted rabies from a bat bite and became the first known person to survive rabies despite not having received rabies vaccine prior to symptom onset. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Krebs, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 58 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 227 IS 12 BP 1912 EP 1925 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.227.1912 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 994BS UT WOS:000234005500022 PM 16379626 ER PT J AU Fisman, DN Lim, S Wellenius, GA Johnson, C Britz, P Gaskins, M Maher, J Mittleman, MA Spain, CV Haas, CN Newbern, C AF Fisman, DN Lim, S Wellenius, GA Johnson, C Britz, P Gaskins, M Maher, J Mittleman, MA Spain, CV Haas, CN Newbern, C TI It's not the heat, it's the humidity: Wet weather increases Legionellosis risk in the greater Philadelphia metropolitan area SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CASE-CROSSOVER DESIGN; WATER DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; MUNICIPAL DRINKING-WATER; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; AIR-POLLUTION; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; SEASONAL-VARIATION; PNEUMOPHILA; SURVEILLANCE; PNEUMONIA AB Background. Legionella species are abundant in the environment and are increasingly recognized as a cause of severe pneumonia. Increases in cases of community-acquired legionellosis in the greater Philadelphia metropolitan area (GPMA) led to concern that changing environmental factors could influence occurrence of disease. Methods. We evaluated the association between weather patterns and occurrence of legionellosis in the GPMA, using both traditional Poisson regression analysis and a case-crossover study approach. The latter approach controls for seasonal factors that could confound the relationship between weather and occurrence of disease and permits the identification of acute weather patterns associated with disease. Results. A total of 240 cases of legionellosis were reported between 1995 and 2003. Cases occurred with striking summertime seasonality. Occurrence of cases was associated with monthly average temperature ( incidence rate ratio [IRR] per degree Celsius, 1.07 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.05-1.09]) and relative humidity ( IRR per 1% increase in relative humidity, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.06-1.12]) by Poisson regression analysis. However, case-crossover analysis identified an acute association with precipitation (odds ratio [OR], 2.48 [95% CI, 1.30-3.12]) and increased humidity (OR per 1% increase in relative humidity, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.05-1.11]) 6-10 days before occurrence of cases. A significant dose-response relationship for occurrence of cases was seen with both precipitation and increased humidity. Conclusions. Although, in the GPMA, legionellosis occurred predominantly during summertime, the acute occurrence of disease is best predicted by wet, humid weather. This finding is consistent with the current understanding of the ecological profile of this pathogen and supports the contention that sporadic legionellosis occurs through contamination of water sources. C1 Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. Montgomery Cty Dept Hlth, Norristown, PA USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Reading, PA USA. Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Doylestown, PA USA. Chester Cty Dept Publ Hlth, W Chester, PA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fisman, DN (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Ctr Hlth, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Wellbeing Wallace Hall,Room 318, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM dfisman@princeton.edu RI Haas, Charles/G-8830-2011; Wellenius, Gregory/A-7105-2012 OI Haas, Charles/0000-0002-9255-9930; Wellenius, Gregory/0000-0003-0427-7376 NR 59 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 21 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 12 BP 2066 EP 2073 DI 10.1086/498248 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 984QK UT WOS:000233319200007 PM 16288369 ER PT J AU Hennessey, KA Lago, H Diomande, F Akoua-Koffi, C Caceres, VM Pallansch, MA Kew, OM Nolan, M Zuber, PLF AF Hennessey, KA Lago, H Diomande, F Akoua-Koffi, C Caceres, VM Pallansch, MA Kew, OM Nolan, M Zuber, PLF TI Poliovirus vaccine shedding among persons with HIV in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; CHILD; EXCRETION; AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; PERSISTENCE; INFECTION; EVOLUTION; SEARCH AB Background. As polio eradication nears, the development of immunization policies for an era without the disease has become increasingly important. Outbreaks due to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) and rare cases of immunodeficient persons with prolonged VDPV shedding lend to the growing consensus that oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) use should be discontinued as soon after polio eradication as possible. The present study was conducted to assess whether persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience prolonged VDPV shedding and serve as a source of reintroduction of virus into the population. Methods. Adults infected with HIV had specimens tested (1) 8 months after a mass OPV campaign, to determine whether poliovirus related to OPV administered during the campaign was present (i.e., prolonged excretion), and (2) starting 7 weeks after a subsequent campaign, to determine whether poliovirus could be detected after the height of OPV exposure. Results. A total of 419 participants were enrolled-315 during the 8-12 months after an OPV campaign held in 2001 and 104 during the 7-13 weeks after a 2002 campaign. No poliovirus was isolated from any participants. Conclusions. It appears unlikely that adults infected with HIV experience prolonged vaccine virus shedding, and, therefore, they probably represent a minimal risk of reintroducing vaccine virus into the population after poliovirus has been eradicated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. Inst Pasteur, Enterovirus Lab, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Project Retrovirus Cote Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Hennessey, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,G-37, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. EM keh7@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 12 BP 2124 EP 2128 DI 10.1086/498166 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 984QK UT WOS:000233319200015 PM 16288377 ER PT J AU Bhat, N Wright, JG Broder, KR Murray, EL Greenberg, ME Glover, MJ Likos, AM Posey, DL Klimov, A Lindstrom, SE Balish, A Medina, MJ Wallis, TR Guarner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Sejvar, JJ Shay, DK Harper, SA Cox, NJ Fukuda, K Uyeki, TM AF Bhat, N Wright, JG Broder, KR Murray, EL Greenberg, ME Glover, MJ Likos, AM Posey, DL Klimov, A Lindstrom, SE Balish, A Medina, MJ Wallis, TR Guarner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Sejvar, JJ Shay, DK Harper, SA Cox, NJ Fukuda, K Uyeki, TM CA Influenza Special Investigations T TI Influenza-associated deaths among children in the United States, 2003-2004 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; OUTPATIENT VISITS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; INFECTION; MORTALITY; INFANTS; ILLNESS; BURDEN AB BACKGROUND: Although influenza is common among children, pediatric mortality related to laboratory-confirmed influenza has not been assessed nationally. METHODS: During the 2003-2004 influenza season, we requested that state health departments report any death associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza in a U.S. resident younger than 18 years of age. Case reports, medical records, and autopsy reports were reviewed, and available influenza-virus isolates were analyzed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-three influenza-associated deaths among children were reported by 40 state health departments. The median age of the children was three years, and 96 of them (63 percent) were younger than five years old. Forty-seven of the children (31 percent) died outside a hospital setting, and 45 (29 percent) died within three days after the onset of illness. Bacterial coinfections were identified in 24 of the 102 children tested (24 percent). Thirty-three percent of the children had an underlying condition recognized to increase the risk of influenza-related complications, and 20 percent had other chronic conditions; 47 percent had previously been healthy. Chronic neurologic or neuromuscular conditions were present in one third. The mortality rate was highest among children younger than six months of age (0.88 per 100,000 children; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 1.39 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of influenza-associated deaths occurred among U.S. children during the 2003-2004 influenza season. High priority should be given to improvements in influenza-vaccine coverage and improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of influenza to reduce childhood mortality from influenza. C1 CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv,Career Dev Div, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Div Viral & Rickettsial Div,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bhat, N (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv,Career Dev Div, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Div Viral & Rickettsial Div,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nbhat@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 36 TC 362 Z9 387 U1 1 U2 11 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 24 BP 2559 EP 2567 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa051721 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 993BA UT WOS:000233926500005 PM 16354892 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM AF Flegal, KM TI Epidemiologic aspects of overweight and obesity in the United States SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dietary Influences on Obesity - Environment, Behavior and Biology CY APR 22-24, 2005 CL Purdue Univ, Ingest Behav Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN HO Purdue Univ, Ingest Behav Res Ctr DE overweight; obesity; NHANES; United States; surveys ID BODY-MASS INDEX; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; US ADULTS; INCREASING PREVALENCE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SECULAR TRENDS; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN AB National survey data from the U.S. show that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults remained relatively constant over the 20-year period from 1960 to 1980, began to increase around the mid-1980s and has continued to increase. Data for children and adolescents, based on different definitions, show the same pattern. It can sometimes be more useful to look at the whole distribution of body mass index, rather than on prevalence estimates based on pre-defined cutoffs. Data from several countries suggest that for both adults and children, the distribution of BMI has become more skewed over time. Although many hypotheses have been put forward about the causes of the increases, data to address these issues are sparse. Obesity is a well-known risk factor for numerous health conditions. Nonetheless, the health consequences of the increases in obesity have not been fully delineated. Increases in diabetes have been noted in conjunction with the rise in obesity. On the other hand, declines in some other cardiovascular risk factors have been seen at all BMI levels. Rising life expectancy and decreasing heart disease mortality rates seem to confound some of the expectations about the effects of increasing obesity on mortality. The effects of obesity on morbidity may be greater than its effects on mortality. The increasing prevalence of obesity poses challenges for researchers and for policy makers. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4311, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM KFlegel@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 40 TC 167 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 BP 599 EP 602 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.08.050 PG 4 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 994BQ UT WOS:000234005300002 PM 16242735 ER PT J AU Palacio, H Shah, U Kilborn, C Martinez, D Page, V Gavagan, T Mattox, K DuPont, H Estes, MK Feigin, R Atmar, RL Neill, FH Versalovic, J Stager, C Musher, D Glass, RI Faul, M Davies, M Cortese, M AF Palacio, H Shah, U Kilborn, C Martinez, D Page, V Gavagan, T Mattox, K DuPont, H Estes, MK Feigin, R Atmar, RL Neill, FH Versalovic, J Stager, C Musher, D Glass, RI Faul, M Davies, M Cortese, M TI Norovirus outbreak among evacuees from Hurricane Katrina - Houston, Texas, September 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1016-1018, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NORWALK VIRUS C1 Harris Cty Publ Hlth & Environm Serv, Houston, TX 77002 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Harris Cty Hosp Dist, Houston, TX USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Injury & Disabil Outcomes & Programs, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RP Palacio, H (reprint author), Harris Cty Publ Hlth & Environm Serv, Houston, TX 77002 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 14 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 22 BP 2834 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 991PU UT WOS:000233826700009 ER PT J CA Carter Ctr WHO Collaborating Ctr Res Natl Ctr Infect Dis CDC TI Progress toward global eradication of dracunculiasis, January 2004 July 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1075-1077, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Res Training & Eradicat Dracunc, Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 14 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 22 BP 2839 EP 2840 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 991PU UT WOS:000233826700011 ER PT J AU Braveman, PA Cubbin, C Egerter, S Chideya, S Marchi, KS Metzler, M Posner, S AF Braveman, PA Cubbin, C Egerter, S Chideya, S Marchi, KS Metzler, M Posner, S TI Socioeconomic status in health research - One size does not fit all SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; BRITISH CIVIL-SERVANTS; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; SOCIAL-CLASS; UNITED-STATES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; ADULT HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS AB Problems with measuring socioeconomic status (SES-frequently included in clinical and public health studies as a control variable and less frequently as the variable(s) of main interest-could affect research findings and conclusions, with implications for practice and policy. We critically examine standard SES measurement approaches, illustrating problems with examples from new analyses and the literature. For example, marked racial/ethnic differences in income at a given educational level and in wealth at a given income level raise questions about the socioeconomic comparability of individuals who are similar on education or income alone. Evidence also shows that conclusions about nonsocioeconomic causes of racial/ethnic differences in health may depend on the measure eg, income, wealth, education, occupation, neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics, or past socioeconomic experiences-used to "control for SES," suggesting that findings from studies that have measured limited aspects of SES should be reassessed. We recommend an outcome- and social group-specific approach to SES measurement that involves (1) considering plausible explanatory pathways and mechanisms, (2) measuring as much relevant socioeconomic information as possible, (3) specifying the particular socioeconomic factors measured (rather than SES overall), and (4) systematically considering how potentially important unmeasured socioeconomic factors may affect conclusions. Better SES measures are needed in data sources, but improvements could be made by using existing information more thoughtfully and acknowledging its limitations. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Social Dispar Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Family & Community Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Braveman, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Social Dispar Hlth, 500 Parnassus Ave,MU-3E,Box 0900, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM braveman@fcm.ucsf.edu OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-0842] NR 128 TC 820 Z9 834 U1 24 U2 132 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 14 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 22 BP 2879 EP 2888 DI 10.1001/jama.294.22.2879 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 991PU UT WOS:000233826700029 PM 16352796 ER EF