FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Molepo, J Pillay, A Weber, B Morse, SA Hoosen, AA AF Molepo, J. Pillay, A. Weber, B. Morse, S. A. Hoosen, A. A. TI Molecular typing of Treponema pallidum strains from patients with neurosyphilis in Pretoria, South Africa SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; SYPHILIS; INFECTION; ASSOCIATION; RESURGENCE; SPECIMENS; ULCERS; VIRUS AB Objective: To evaluate the molecular typing system for Treponema pallidum using cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF) specimens obtained from patients with neurosyphilis in Pretoria, South Africa. Methods: CSF specimens were collected from 32 men and 18 women with suspected late neurosyphilis. Typing of T pallidum involved PCR amplification and restriction analysis of the tpr E, G and J genes and determination of the number of 60 base pair tandem repeats within the arp gene by PCR amplification. Results: Of 13 typeable specimens, 4 strain types were identified: 2i, 3e, 14a and 17e. Subtype 14a was identified in 7 specimens ( 53.8%), subtype 3e in 4 specimens ( 30.7%) and subtypes 17e and 2i in 1 specimen ( 7.6%) each. Conclusions: This study shows that the typing system can be applied to specimens which may contain low numbers of spirochaetes such as CSF. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Lab Reference, Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pillay, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Lab Reference, Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM apillay@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 9 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 83 IS 3 BP 189 EP 192 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.023895 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 178RF UT WOS:000247237100007 PM 17244664 ER PT J AU Zhang, XP Hwang, SS AF Zhang, Xuanping Hwang, Sean-Shong TI The micro consequences of macro-level social transition: How did Russians survive in the 1990s? SO SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE life chance; mortality crisis; Russian social transition; survival analysis ID HEALTH LIFE-STYLES; SELF-RATED HEALTH; MORTALITY CRISIS; STRESS; DETERMINANTS; EXPECTANCY; COUNTRIES; FRAMEWORK; DISTRESS; ALCOHOL AB Using panel data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS), we investigate the possible links between the Russian mortality crisis of the 1990s and social transition that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union. The results of the analysis demonstrate that Russians' life chances and their psychological resources and well-being were deteriorated during the transition in the 1990s. The deterioration of life chances and psychological resources and well-being, in conjunction with the high-risk lifestyle of many Russians, increased their risks of dying both directly and indirectly, through a negative impact on their health. C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Zhang, XP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM xbz2@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-8300 J9 SOC INDIC RES JI Soc. Indic. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 82 IS 2 BP 337 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s11205-006-9037-7 PG 24 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 160YF UT WOS:000245979700007 ER PT J AU Semaan, S Sternberg, M Zaidi, A Aral, SO AF Semaan, Salaam Sternberg, Maya Zaidi, Akbar Aral, Sevgi O. TI Social capital and rates of gonorrhea and syphilis in the United States: Spatial regression analyses of state-level associations SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE social capital; sexually transmitted diseases; spatial regression; sexual mixing; gonorrhea; syphilis; USA ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; INCOME INEQUALITY; HIV TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK; RACE; INFECTIONS; COMMUNITY; BEHAVIORS AB We conducted spatial regression analysis to account for spatial clustering of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and to examine the state-level association between social capital (using Putnam's public use data set) and rates of gonorrhea and syphilis. We conducted the analysis for the 48 contiguous states of the United States for 1990, 1995, and 2000 and controlled for the effects of regional variation in STD rates, and for state variation in poverty, income inequality, racial composition, and percentage aged 15-34 years. We compared the results of the spatial regression analysis with those of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Controlling for all population-level variables, the percentage of variation explained by the OLS regression and by the spatial regression were similar (mid-90s for gonorrhea and low-70s for syphilis), the standardized parameter estimates were similar, and the spatial lag parameter was not statistically significant. Social capital was not associated with STD rates when state variation in racial composition was included in the regression analysis. In this analysis, states with a higher proportion of residents who were African-American had higher STD rates. When we did not control for racial composition, regression analysis showed that states with higher social capital had lower STD rates. We conjecture that sexual networks and sexual mixing drive the association between social capital and STD rates and highlight important measurement and research questions that need elucidation to understand fully the relationship between social capital and STDs. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Semaan, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM svs5@edc.gov; msternberg@cdc.gov; azaidi@cdc.gov; saral@cdc.gov NR 100 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 11 BP 2324 EP 2341 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.02.023 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 176CF UT WOS:000247059700013 PM 17400352 ER PT J AU Nakata, A Takahashi, M Ikeda, T Haratani, T Hojou, M Araki, S AF Nakata, Akinori Takahashi, Masaya Ikeda, Tomoko Haratani, Takashi Hojou, Minoru Araki, Shunichi TI Perceived job stress and sleep-related breathing disturbance in Japanese male workers SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Japan; job stress; sleep; sleep-related breathing disturbance; male; worker ID EFFORT-REWARD IMBALANCE; EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; HEART HEALTH; OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS; WORKING POPULATION; INDUSTRIAL-WORKERS; TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB To examine the association of job stress with sleep-related breathing disturbance (SBD), a cross-sectional sample of 1940 males aged 17-83 (mean 45) years in 292 small and medium-sized enterprises in Japan were surveyed by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Perceived job stress was evaluated by the Japanese version of the Generic Job Stress Questionnaire developed by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, which included 13 job stress variables. Participants were divided into thirds according to their job stress scores. SBD was assessed by the question "Have you ever felt difficulty breathing during sleep or has anyone in your family told you that you have such difficulty?" SBD was defined as presence of symptoms more than once a month. Risk of SBD through job stress was estimated using logistic regression with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as measures of association. Prevalence of study-defined SBD was 6.7%. Participants who perceived the lowest level of social support from supervisors, and highest levels of job future ambiguity, interpersonal conflict at the workplace, job dissatisfaction, variance in workload, and quantitative workload had significantly increased risk of SBD after adjusting for potential confounders. High depressive symptoms, as measured by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale scores of 16 or higher, were also significantly associated with increased SDB. Although the results should be considered preliminary because of the self-reporting and cross-sectional design, data suggest that exposure to high job stress could be a possible risk factor for developing or aggravating SBD. Results also indicate that job stress should be considered when evaluating SBD in occupational and clinical settings. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ibaraki Prefectural Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing, Sch Hlth Sci, Ibaraki, Japan. Ota Reg Occupat Hlth Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. RP Nakata, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM nakataa-tky@umin.ac.jp; takaham@h.jniosh.go.jp; ikedat@ipu.ac.jp; haratani@h.jniosh.go.jp; hojou@big.or.jp; araki@h.jniosh.go.jp RI Nakata, Akinori/A-2399-2008 NR 73 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 12 BP 2520 EP 2532 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.03.012 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 180ZX UT WOS:000247407600013 PM 17433513 ER PT J AU Homer, J Hirsch, G Milstein, B AF Homer, Jack Hirsch, Gary Milstein, Bobby TI Chronic illness in a complex health economy: the perils and promises of downstream and upstream reforms SO SYSTEM DYNAMICS REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CARE; PREVALENCE; TOBACCO; POLICY; HYPERTENSION AB Chronic illness is the largest cause of death and source of health care costs in developed countries and a growing problem in developing countries. Here we build on past work in system dynamics and present a generic model of chronic illness, its treatment and prevention, applied to the U.S. population. The model explains the rising prevalence of illness and responses to it, including the treatment of complications and management activities designed to reduce complications. We show how progress in treatment and disease management has slowed since 1980 in the U.S., largely due to competition between health care payers and providers, resulting in price inflation and an unstable climate for health care investments. We demonstrate the impact of moving "upstream" by managing known risk factors to prevent illness onset, and moving even further upstream by addressing behaviors and living conditions linked to the initial development of these risk factors. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Homer Consulting, Voorhees, NJ 08043 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Homer, J (reprint author), Homer Consulting, 3618 Avalon Court, Voorhees, NJ 08043 USA. EM jhomer@comcast.net; gbhirsch@comcast.net; bmilstein@cdc.gov NR 70 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0883-7066 J9 SYST DYNAM REV JI Syst. Dyn. Rev. PD SUM-FAL PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 313 EP 343 DI 10.1002/sdr.379 PG 31 WC Management; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 236XM UT WOS:000251336700014 ER PT J AU McLanahan, ED Campbell, JL Ferguson, DC Harmon, B Hedge, JM Crofton, KM Mattie, DR Braverman, L Keys, DA Mumtaz, M Fisher, JW AF McLanahan, Eva D. Campbell, Jerry L., Jr. Ferguson, Duncan C. Harmon, Barry Hedge, Joan M. Crofton, Kevin M. Mattie, David R. Braverman, Lewis Keys, Deborah A. Mumtaz, Moiz Fisher, Jeffrey W. TI Low-dose effects of ammonium perchlorate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of adult male rats pretreated with PCB126 SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PCB126; perchlorate; rat; T-4; thyroid; TSH; UDPGT ID SODIUM-IODIDE SYMPORTER; ENZYME-INDUCTION; HORMONE; TRANSTHYRETIN; METABOLISM; THYROXINE; CONGENERS; CHEMICALS; TOXICITY; BINDING AB The objective of this research was to characterize the disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis resulting from exposure to a binary mixture, 3,3',4,4',5-5-entachlorobiphenyI (PCB126) and perchlorate (004), known to cause hypothyroidism by different modes of action. Two studies were conducted to determine the HPT axis effects of ClO4- on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with PCB126. In dosing study 1, rats were administered a single oral dose of PCB126 (0, 7.5, or 75 mu g/kg) on day 0 and 9 days later ClO4- (0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/kg day) was added to the drinking water until euthanasia on day 22. Significant dose-dependent trends were found for all thyroid function indices measured following ClO4- in drinking water for 14 days. Seventy-five micrograms PCB126[kg resulted in a significant increase in hepatic T-4-glucuronide formation, causing a decline in serum thyroxine and fF(4), and resulting in increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Serum TSH was also increased in animals that received 7.5 mu g PCB126/kg; no other HPT axis alterations were found in these animals. When pretreated with PCB126, the ClO4 dose trends disappeared, suggesting a less than additive effect on the HPT axis. In dosing study 11, animals were given lower doses of PCB126 (0, 0.075, 0.75, or 7.5 mu g/kg) on day 0, and followed with 004 (0 or 0.01 mg/kg day) in drinking water beginning on day I and continuing for several days to explore transient HPT axis effects. No statistical effects were seen for PCB126 or ClO4- alone, and no perturbations were found when administered sequentially in dosing study II. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that HPT axis disturbances following exposure to ClO4- are less than additive when pretreated with relatively high doses of PCB126. At relatively low doses, at or near the no-observed-effect-level for PCB126 and ClO4-, no interactions between the chemicals occur. C1 Univ Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Biosci & Protect Div,Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Diabet & Nutr Ctr, Endocrinol Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Stat & Modeling Supporting Informed Decis, Athens, GA 30606 USA. Agcy Tox Subst, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McLanahan, ED (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Environm Hlth Sci Dept 206, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM evad@uga.edu RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Braverman, Lewis/0000-0003-1263-1099 FU PHS HHS [U61/ATU472105-02, U61/ATU472105-03, U61/ATU472105-04, U61/ATU472105-05] NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 308 EP 317 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm063 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 177UO UT WOS:000247178200010 PM 17379623 ER PT J AU Likos, AM Kelvin, DJ Cameron, CM Rowe, T Kuehnert, MJ Norris, PJ AF Likos, Anna M. Kelvin, David J. Cameron, Cheryl M. Rowe, Thomas Kuehnert, Matthew J. Norris, Philip J. CA Natl Heart Lung Blood Inst REDS II TI Influenza viremia and the potential for blood-borne transmission SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Review ID A H5N1 VIRUS; HONG-KONG INFLUENZA; ASIAN INFLUENZA; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; VIRAL-INFECTION; CHILDREN; ANTIBODY; ENCEPHALOPATHY; HEMAGGLUTININ C1 Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. So Res Inst, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Norris, PJ (reprint author), Blood Syst Res Inst, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM pnorris@bloodsystems.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HHSN268200517181C, N01 HB57181]; PHS HHS [HHSN268200517181C] NR 83 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1080 EP 1088 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01264.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 171DG UT WOS:000246714500020 PM 17524100 ER PT J AU Zhao, SM Jiang, TL Gao, FX Lu, L Zheng, HQ AF Zhao, S. M. Jiang, T. L. Gao, F. X. Lu, L. Zheng, H. Q. TI Analysis of true voluntary blood donors with anti-HCV prevalence and implications for donor management in Chongqing, China SO TRANSFUSION MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION C1 SW Hosp, Dept Transfus, Chongqing 400038, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hepatitis Virus, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. RP Zhao, SM (reprint author), SW Hosp, Dept Transfus, Chongqing 400038, Peoples R China. EM shumingzhao@yahoo.com NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-7578 J9 TRANSFUSION MED JI Transfus. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 210 EP 211 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2007.00752.x PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 177TG UT WOS:000247174800015 PM 17561867 ER PT J AU Farrar, J Focks, D Gubler, D Barrera, R Guzman, MG Simmons, C Kalayanarooj, S Lum, L McCall, PJ Lloyd, L Horstick, O Dayal-Drager, R Nathan, MB Kroeger, A AF Farrar, J. Focks, D. Gubler, D. Barrera, R. Guzman, M. G. Simmons, C. Kalayanarooj, S. Lum, L. McCall, P. J. Lloyd, L. Horstick, O. Dayal-Drager, R. Nathan, M. B. Kroeger, A. CA WHO TDR Dengue SW Grp TI Editorial: Towards a global dengue research agenda SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material DE dengue research; dengue burden; dengue vectors; dengue clinical management C1 UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank, WHO Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Vector Res Grp, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Univ Malaya, Dept Paediat, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Inst Med Trop Pedro Kouri, Havana, Cuba. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR USA. John A Burns Sch Med, Asia Pacific Inst Trop Med & Infect Dis, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Oxford, Clin Res Unit, Hosp Trop Dis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. RP Kroeger, A (reprint author), UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank, WHO Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM nathanm@who.int; kroegera@who.int OI Simmons, Cameron P./0000-0002-9039-7392 FU Wellcome Trust [074636] NR 9 TC 101 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 EI 1365-3156 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 6 BP 695 EP 699 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01838 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 177TI UT WOS:000247175000001 PM 17550466 ER PT J AU Luby, SP Agboatwalla, M Billhimer, W Hoekstra, RM AF Luby, Stephen P. Agboatwalla, Mubina Billhimer, Ward Hoekstra, Robert M. TI Field trial of a low cost method to evaluate hand cleanliness SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE handwashing; soap; hand contamination ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DAY-CARE-CENTERS; FECAL CONTAMINATION; HYGIENE BEHAVIOR; TRANSMISSION; DIARRHEA; RISK; PROMOTION; BACTERIA; DISEASE AB Objective To evaluate a simple low cost method for measuring hand contamination as an objective assessment of handwashing practices. Method As part of a larger randomized controlled trial of handwashing promotion with soap conducted in squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan, a randomly selected subset of 52 mothers in households receiving soap and handwashing promotion and 28 mothers in control households directly pressed three fingers of their right hand onto MacConkey agar plates on weekly unannounced visits from April to September 2002, and monthly from October 2002 to March 2003. The MacConkey plates were incubated at 44 degrees C for 24 h, and evaluated for growth of thermotolerant coliform bacteria. Results The proportion of samples that had detectable thermotolerant coliforms (50%) was similar in households that received soap and control households (52%, P = 0.40). In the week after evaluation of the mothers' hands, the proportion of households that reported diarrhoea was similar regardless of whether or not the mother had thermotolerant coliforms detected by direct finger imprint (18.6%vs. 19.1%, Relative Risk 0.99, 95% CI 0.96, 1.03). Conclusions A three finger direct imprint test using MacConkey agar for thermotolerant coliforms was not a useful method to assess regular handwashing practices with soap in Karachi. Developing better measures of handwashing behaviour remains an important research priority. C1 Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. Hlth Oriented Prevent Educ, Karachi, Pakistan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Luby, SP (reprint author), Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani,GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM sluby@icddrb.org NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 6 BP 765 EP 771 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01847.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 177TI UT WOS:000247175000009 PM 17550474 ER PT J AU Ezenwa, VO Milheim, LE Coffey, MF Godsey, MS King, RJ Guptill, SC AF Ezenwa, Vanessa O. Milheim, Lesley E. Coffey, Michelle F. Godsey, Marvin S. King, Raymond J. Guptill, Stephen C. TI Land cover variation and West Nile virus prevalence: Patterns, processes, and implications for disease control SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; emerging infectious disease; vector-borne disease; Culex; passeriformes; wetlands; land cover ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; UNITED-STATES; RISK; TRANSMISSION; DIVERSITY; USA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATIONS; HANTAVIRUS AB Identifying links between environmental variables and infectious disease risk is essential to understanding how human-induced environmental changes will effect the dynamics of human and wildlife diseases. Although land cover change has often been tied to spatial variation in disease occurrence, the underlying factors driving the correlations are often unknown, limiting the applicability of these results for disease prevention and control. In this study, we described associations between land cover composition and West Nile virus (WNV) infection prevalence, and investigated three potential processes accounting for observed patterns: (1) variation in vector density; (2) variation in amplification host abundance; and (3) variation in host community composition. Interestingly, we found that WNV infection rates among Culex mosquitoes declined with increasing wetland cover, but wetland area was not significantly associated with either vector density or amplification host abundance. By contrast, wetland area was strongly correlated with host community composition, and model comparisons suggested that this factor accounted, at least partially, for the observed effect of wetland area on WNV infection risk. Our results suggest that preserving large wetland areas, and by extension, intact wetland bird communities, may represent a valuable ecosystem-based approach for controlling WNV outbreaks. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Ezenwa, VO (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM vanessa.ezenwa@umontana.edu NR 33 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 39 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.0584 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 193SH UT WOS:000248294100009 PM 17627435 ER PT J AU Mills, JN Schmidt, K Ellis, BA Calderon, G Enria, DA Ksiazek, TG AF Mills, James N. Schmidt, Karina Ellis, Barbara A. Calderon, Gladys Enria, Delia A. Ksiazek, Thomas G. TI A longitudinal study of hantavirus infection in three sympatric reservoir species in agroecosystems on the Argentine Pampa SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE hantavirus; Akodon azarae; Necromys benefactus; Oligoryzomys flavescens; Maciel virus; Pergamino virus; Lechiguanas virus; Argentina; Host ecology ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; VOLES CLETHRIONOMYS-GLAREOLUS; LAGUNA NEGRA VIRUS; PULMONARY SYNDROME; RODENT POPULATIONS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; JUNIN VIRUS AB Prevalence of antibody reactive with Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV) was evaluated from rodents captured over 31 months (March 1988 to September 1990) from six mark-recapture grids on the central Argentine Pampa. The most frequently infected rodents were: Akodon azarae (31/459), Necromys benefactus (8/141), and Oligoryzomys flavescens (10/281), which are known hosts of Pergamino, Maciel, and Lechiguanas hantaviruses, respectively. Relative population density and antibody prevalence varied seasonally and from year to year, population densities were highest in fall and prevalences were highest in spring. A positive association between antibody prevalence and body weight corroborated findings from other studies suggesting that hantaviruses are maintained in reservoir populations by horizontal transmission. In two of three host species, transmission was more frequent among male than among female mice. We found no evidence for a detrimental effect of hantavirus infection on host body weight, growth, longevity, movement, or reproductive preparedness. This analysis, based on cryopreserved specimens, represents the earliest conducted longitudinal, mark-recapture study of the dynamics of infection of autochthonous American hantaviruses in their sigmodontine host populations. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Respons, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr Julio I, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Mills, JN (reprint author), CDC Mailstop G 14, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JMills@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.0614 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 193SH UT WOS:000248294100017 PM 17627443 ER PT J AU Wang, SS Tondella, MLC Bajpai, A Mathew, AG Mehranpour, P Li, W Kacharava, AG Fields, BS Austin, H Zafari, AM AF Wang, Shaoshan S. Tondella, Maria Lucia C. Bajpai, Ambar Mathew, Anil G. Mehranpour, Payam Li, Wei Kacharava, Andro G. Fields, Barry S. Austin, Harland Zafari, A. Maziar TI Circulating Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA and advanced coronary artery disease SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chlamydia pneumoniae; atherosclerosis; coronary artery disease severity; coronary angiography; real-time PCR ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SECONDARY PREVENTION; HEART-DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES; ANTIBIOTIC-TREATMENT; DIABETES-MELLITUS; RISK FACTOR AB Background: Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) has been linked to atherosclerosis. Detection of this pathogen in peripheral blood cells may be valuable in the diagnosis of disease state. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of circulating C. pneumoniae DNA and its relationship with severity and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Blood samples from 269 patients undergoing coronary angiography were collected. The presence of circulating C. pneumoniae DNA was determined by real-time PCR assay. Data regarding coronary risk factors and severity and extent of CAD were collected. Severity and extent of CAD was defined by the number of major epicardial coronary arteries with >50% stenosis and by the Duke jeopardy score. Results: Sixteen of 269 specimens (5.9%) from the study cohort were positive for C. pneumoniae DNA. Thirteen specimens among 149 samples from patients with multi-vessel disease (8.7%) were positive for C pneumoniae DNA compared with 3 of 120 (2.5%) among patients without multi-vessel CAD. The prevalence of circulating C. pneumoniae DNA was significantly associated with multi-vessel disease. The odds ratio was 5.1 (P=0.02) after adjustment for conventional risk factors. Conclusions: Presence of circulating C. pneumoniae DNA is associated with advanced CAD, suggesting C. pneumoniae infection as a contributing factor to progression of coronary atherosclerosis. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. AtlantaVet Affairs Med Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Zafari, AM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, 1639 Pierce Dr,319 WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM azafari@emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00039] NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0167-5273 J9 INT J CARDIOL JI Int. J. Cardiol. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 118 IS 2 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.07.013 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 171NN UT WOS:000246742800015 PM 17023075 ER PT J AU George, MG Grumman, N Liban, A Croft, JB AF George, Mary G. Grumman, Northrop Liban, Ahmed Croft, Janet B. TI Quality improvement programs: Do they make a difference in the immediate post-stroke phase? SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke CY MAY 09-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Northrop Grumman CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 21 BP E555 EP E555 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 172LA UT WOS:000246804600041 ER PT J AU Xie, JP George, M Croft, JB AF Xie, Jipan George, Mary Croft, Janet B. TI Stroke rehabilitation and systematic care in Paul coverdell national acute stroke registry SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke CY MAY 09-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Northrop Grumman, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 21 BP E582 EP E582 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 172LA UT WOS:000246804600160 ER PT J AU Xie, JP George, M Grumman, N McGruder, H Fang, J Croft, JB AF Xie, Jipan George, Mary Grumman, Northrop McGruder, Henraya Fang, Jing Croft, Janet B. TI Emergency department visits for stroke in the United States: National hospital ambulatory medical care survey SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke CY MAY 09-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 21 BP E573 EP E573 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 172LA UT WOS:000246804600120 ER PT J AU Dubberke, ER Reske, KA Olsen, MA McMullen, KM Mayfield, JL McDonald, LC Fraser, VJ AF Dubberke, Erik R. Reske, Kimberly A. Olsen, Margaret A. McMullen, Kathleen M. Mayfield, Jennie L. McDonald, L. Clifford Fraser, Victoria J. TI Evaluation of Clostridium difficile - Associated disease pressure as a risk factor for C difficile - Associated disease SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 12-15, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; COLONIZATION PRESSURE; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; DIARRHEA; ACQUISITION; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; ENTEROCOCCI; COHORT AB Background: Colonization pressure has been identified as an important risk factor in the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species, but the role of colonization pressure in the transmission of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CDAD pressure, a modified form of colonization pressure based on symptomatic CDAD cases, as a risk factor for CDAD. Methods: Retrospective cohort and nested case-control studies of patients admitted to Barnes-Jewish Hospital from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2003. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the role of CDAD pressure as a risk factor for CDAD. Results: A total of 36 275 patients were included in the cohort, of which 382 had CDAD. The median CDAD pressure was higher for case patients than noncase patients (1.4 vs 0.3; P <. 001), and only 1 patient with CDAD had a CDAD pressure of 0. In the nested case-control study, CDAD pressure remained an independent risk factor for CDAD after adjustment for demographics, severity of illness, medications received (chemotherapy, gastric acid suppressors, antidiarrheals or narcotics, and antibiotics), and abdominal procedures or surgery performed. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that CDAD pressure may be an independent risk factor for CDAD. Future studies that evaluate risk of CDAD should control for CDAD pressure. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO USA. Barnes Jewish Hosp, Dept Infect Control, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dubberke, ER (reprint author), Box 8051,660 S Euclid St, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM edubberk@im.wustl.edu FU PHS HHS [UR8CCU715087-061, 1U01C1000333-01] NR 33 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 167 IS 10 BP 1092 EP 1097 DI 10.1001/archinte.167.10.1092 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 172AE UT WOS:000246775700014 PM 17533213 ER PT J AU Bird, BH Albarino, CG Nichol, ST AF Bird, Brian H. Albarino, Cesar G. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Rift Valley fever virus lacking NSm proteins retains high virulence in vivo and may provide a model of human delayed onset neurologic disease SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rift Valley fever virus; NSm protein; viral virulence factors; Bunyaviridae; Phlebovirus; pathogenesis; recombinant virus; molecular pathogenesis; reverse genetics; hemorrhagic fever; acute hepatic disease; delayed neurologic disease; rat model ID SEGMENT; RESCUE; CDNA; DETERMINANTS; REPLICATION; PHLEBOVIRUS; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; STRAINS; GENE AB Rift Valley fever virus is a significant human and veterinary pathogen responsible for explosive outbreaks throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Severe acute disease in humans includes rapid onset hepatic disease and hemorrhagic fever or delayed onset encephalitis. A highly efficient reverse genetics system was developed which allowed generation of recombinant RVF viruses to assess the role of NSrn protein in virulence in a rat model in which wild-type RVF virus strain ZH501 (wt-ZH501) results in 100% lethal hepatic disease 2-3 days post infection. While extensive genomic analysis indicates conservation of the NSm coding capability of diverse RVF viruses, and viruses deficient in NSs proteins are completely attenuated in vivo, comparison of wt-ZH501, a reverse genetics generated wt-ZH501 virus (R-ZH501), and R-ZH501 virus lacking the NSm proteins (R-Delta NSm-ZH501) demonstrated that the NSm proteins were nonessential for in vivo virulence and lethality. Surprisingly, while 44% of R-Delta NSm-ZH501 infected animals quickly developed lethal hepatic disease similar to wt- and R-ZH501, 17% developed delayed onset neurologic disease (lethargy, head tremors, and ataxia) at 13 days post infection. Such infections may provide the basis for study of both RVF acute hepatic disease and delayed onset encephalitic disease in humans. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM stn1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 362 IS 1 BP 10 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.01.046 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 168ZU UT WOS:000246563300003 PM 17412386 ER PT J AU Dahl-Regis, M Frederickson, C Carter, K Gebre, Y Cunanan, B Mueller-Thomas, C McCarthy, AE Bodie-Collins, M Nguyen-Dinh, P AF Dahl-Regis, M. Frederickson, C. Carter, K. Gebre, Y. Cunanan, B. Mueller-Thomas, C. McCarthy, A. E. Bodie-Collins, M. Nguyen-Dinh, P. CA CDC TI Malaria - Great Exuma, Bahamas, May-June 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1013-1016, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Caribbean Epidemiol Ctr, Port Of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. Arlington Cty Dept Human Serv, Arlington, VA USA. Tech Univ Munich, Klinikum Rechts Isar, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Ottawa Hosp, Ottawa, ON, Canada. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 20 BP 2189 EP 2191 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 170JM UT WOS:000246659700009 ER PT J AU Glikman, D Marcinak, JF Hoehn, KS Anastasi, J Bishop, HS Nguyen-Dinh, P AF Glikman, D. Marcinak, J. F. Hoehn, K. S. Anastasi, J. Bishop, H. S. Nguyen-Dinh, P. CA CDC TI Malaria in multiple family members - Chicago, Illinois, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 645-648, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID TRAVELERS C1 Univ Chicago, Infect Dis Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Sect Crit Care Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glikman, D (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Infect Dis Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 20 BP 2191 EP 2193 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 170JM UT WOS:000246659700010 ER PT J AU Pegula, S Marsh, SM Jackson, LL AF Pegula, S. Marsh, S. M. Jackson, L. L. CA CDC TI Fatal occupational injuries - United States, 2005 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US Bur Labor Stat, US Dept Labor, Washington, DC 20212 USA. CDC, Div Safety Res, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pegula, S (reprint author), US Bur Labor Stat, US Dept Labor, Washington, DC 20212 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 20 BP 2193 EP 2194 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 170JM UT WOS:000246659700011 ER PT J AU Griffith, KS Lewis, LS Mali, S Parise, ME AF Griffith, Kevin S. Lewis, Linda S. Mali, Sonja Parise, Monica E. TI Treatment of malaria in the United States - A systematic review SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; QUININE-CLINDAMYCIN TREATMENT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BENIGN TERTIAN MALARIA; IN-VIVO RESISTANCE; ART. NO. 5; CEREBRAL MALARIA; ATOVAQUONE-PROGUANIL; EXCHANGE-TRANSFUSION AB Context Many US clinicians and laboratory personnel are unfamiliar with the diagnosis and treatment of malaria. Objectives To examine the evidence base for management of uncomplicated and severe malaria and to provide clinicians with practical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of malaria in the United States. Evidence Acquisition Systematic MEDLINE search from 1966 to 2006 using the search term malaria ( with the subheadings congenital, diagnosis, drug therapy, epidemiology, and therapy). Additional references were obtained from searching the bibliographies of pertinent articles and by reviewing articles suggested by experts in the treatment of malaria in North America. Evidence Synthesis Important measures to reduce morbidity and mortality from malaria in the United States include the following: obtaining a travel history, considering malaria in the differential diagnosis of fever based on the travel history, and prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Chloroquine remains the treatment of choice for Plasmodium falciparum acquired in areas without chloroquine-resistant strains. In areas with chloroquine resistance, a combination of atovaquone and proguanil or quinine plus tetracycline or doxycycline or clindamycin are the best treatment options. Chloroquine remains the treatment of choice for all other malaria species, with the exception of P vivax acquired in Indonesia or Papua New Guinea, in which case atovaquone-proguanil is best, with mefloquine or quinine plus tetracycline or doxycycline as alternatives. Quinidine is currently the recommended treatment for severe malaria in the United States because the artemisinins are not yet available. Severe malaria occurs when a patient with asexual malaria parasitemia, and no other confirmed cause of symptoms, has 1 or more designated clinical or laboratory findings. The only adjunctive measure recommended in severe malaria is exchange transfusion. Conclusions Malaria remains a diagnostic and treatment challenge for US clinicians as increasing numbers of persons travel to and emigrate from malarious areas. A strong evidence base exists to help clinicians rapidly initiate appropriate therapy and minimize the major mortality and morbidity burdens caused by this disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Butte Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Oroville, CA USA. RP Parise, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE MS F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MParise@cdc.gov NR 207 TC 102 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 20 BP 2264 EP 2277 DI 10.1001/jama.297.20.2264 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 170JM UT WOS:000246659700026 PM 17519416 ER PT J AU Weyer, J Rupprecht, CE Mans, J Viljoen, GJ Nel, LH AF Weyer, Jacqueline Rupprecht, Charles E. Mans, Janet Viljoen, Gerrit J. Nel, Louis H. TI Generation and evaluation of a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine for rabies SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE modified vaccinia virus Ankara; rabies vaccine; oral vaccine ID HOST-RANGE SELECTION; T-CELL INDUCTION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ORAL VACCINATION; DNA VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; MVA; MACAQUES; VECTOR AB Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) has become a vaccine vector of choice for recombinant vaccine development. A MVA-based rabies vaccine would be advantageous for use as a vaccine for dogs (and wildlife), particularly if it proves innocuous and efficacious by the oral route. Here, the generation and immunological testing of a recombinant MVA expressing a rabies virus glycoprotein gene is described. In a murine model, higher dosages of recombinant MVA were needed to induce equivocal immune responses as with Vaccinia Copenhagen or Vaccinia Western Reserve recombinants, when administered by a parenteral route. The MVA recombinant was not immunogenic or efficacious when administered per os in naive mice. The ability of the recombinant MVA to induce anamnestic responses in dogs and raccoons was also investigated. Recombinant MVA boosted humoral immune responses in these animals when administered peripherally, but not when administered orally. C1 Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agr Res Council, Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Div Appl Biotechnol, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. RP Nel, LH (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM louis.nel@up.ac.za RI Nel, Louis/F-1001-2012; OI Mans, Janet/0000-0001-6721-1177 NR 71 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 21 BP 4213 EP 4222 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.084 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 184KS UT WOS:000247640900012 PM 17434244 ER PT J AU Dobardzic, A Izurieta, H Woo, EJ Iskander, J Shadomy, S Rupprecht, C Ball, R Braun, MM AF Dobardzic, Azra Izurieta, Hector Woo, Emily Jane Iskander, John Shadomy, Sean Rupprecht, Charles Ball, Robert Braun, M. Miles TI Safety review of the purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine: Data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1997-2005 SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE RabAvert; PCEC vaccine; rabies; adverse events ID IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN AB On October 20, 1997, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed Purified Chick Embryo Cell (PCEC, RabAvert (R)) vaccine against rabies in humans following clinical trials demonstrating safety and efficacy. From October 1997 through December 2005, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) received 336 reports of adverse events (AEs) following vaccination with PCEC vaccine in the U.S.; there were no death reports. Serious events, including 20 hospitalizations and 13 neurological events, were described in 24 (7%) reports. There was no pattern among the 13 neurological AEs suggesting a plausible relationship to vaccination. A total of 20 AEs, 3 serious, were classified as possible anaphylaxis. There were 312 non-serious AEs (93%). Nineteen reports (6%) described that the vaccination series was discontinued because of non-serious AEs. Most reported AEs are non-serious and consistent with pre-licensure safety data. The rabies risk must be carefully considered before vaccine discontinuation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dobardzic, A (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM azra.dobardzic@fda.hhs.gov NR 30 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 21 BP 4244 EP 4251 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.075 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 184KS UT WOS:000247640900015 PM 17382435 ER PT J AU Pushko, P Tumpey, TM Van Hoeven, N Belser, JA Robinson, R Nathan, M Smith, G Wright, DC Bright, RA AF Pushko, Peter Tumpey, Terrence M. Van Hoeven, Neal Belser, Jessica A. Robinson, Robin Nathan, Margret Smith, Gale Wright, D. Craig Bright, Rick A. TI Evaluation of influenza virus-like particles and Novasorne adjuvant as candidate vaccine for avian influenza SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza virus; virus-like particles; vaccine adjuvants ID LETHAL INFLUENZA; H9N2; INFECTION; MICE; PROTECTION; IMMUNITY; HUMANS; THREAT; H5 AB The development of safe and effective vaccines for avian influenza viruses is a priority for pandemic preparedness. Adjuvants improve the efficacy of vaccines and may allow antigen sparing during a pandemic. We have previously shown that influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) comprised of HA, NA, and M1 proteins represent a candidate vaccine for avian influenza H9N2 virus [Pushko P, Tumpey TM, Fang Bu, Knell J, Robinson R, Smith G. Influenza virus-like particles comprised of the HA, NA, and M1 proteins of H9N2 influenza virus induce protective immune responses in BALB/c mice. Vaccine 2005;23(50):5751-9]. In this study, an H9N2 VLP vaccine and recombinant HA (rH9) vaccine were evaluated in three animal models. The H9N2 VLP vaccine protected mice and ferrets from challenge with A/Hong Kong/1073/99 (H9N2) virus. Novasome adjuvant improved immunogenicity and protection. Positive effect of the adjuvant was also detected using the rH9 vaccine. The results have implications for the development of safe and effective vaccines for avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Novavax Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ORDC, OPHEP, HHS, Pandem Influenza Program, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Pushko, P (reprint author), Novavax Inc, 9920 Belward Campus Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM ppushko@novavax.com NR 25 TC 67 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 21 BP 4283 EP 4290 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.059 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 184KS UT WOS:000247640900020 PM 17403562 ER PT J AU Sabatino, SA Coates, RJ Uhler, RJ Pollack, LA Alley, LG Zauderer, LJ AF Sabatino, Susan A. Coates, Ralph J. Uhler, Robert J. Pollack, Lori A. Alley, Linda G. Zauderer, Laura J. TI Provider Counseling about health behaviors among cancer survivors in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Cancer Congress of the International-Union-Against-Cancer (UICC) CY JUL 08-12, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Int Union Against Canc ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BREAST-CANCER; PRIMARY-CARE; SURVEILLANCE GUIDELINES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; AMERICAN SOCIETY; EXERCISE; DIAGNOSIS; RECOMMENDATIONS; INTERVENTIONS AB Purpose To examine provider discussion or counseling of US cancer survivors about diet, exercise, and tobacco use. Methods We used 2000 National Health Interview Survey data to examine whether US cancer survivors reported that, within 1 year, a provider (1) discussed diet, (2) recommended they begin or continue exercise, of (3) asked about smoking. We included survivors more than I year beyond diagnosis (n = 1,600) and adults without cancer (AWCs, n = 24,636) who saw/talked to a provider within 1 year. We Used generalized linear contrasts in bivariable analyses and logistic regression to calculate predicted marginals adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, usual source of care, and number of provider visits in the prior year. Results Few survivors reported discussions or recommendations for all three health behaviors (10% of survivors v 9% of AWCs; P =.57). Although report was more likely than among AWCs, few survivors reported diet discussions (30% of survivors v 23% of AWCs,- P <.0001) or exercise recommendations (26% of survivors v 23% of AWCs,- P <.005), and a minority were asked about smoking (42% of survivors v 41% of AWCs,- P =.41). After adjustment, survivors were less likely to report exercise recommendations than were AWCs (22% v 24%, respectively; P =.02). Colorectal cancer survivors were less likely than were AWCs of similar age range to report exercise recommendations (16% v 27%, respectively; P <.003) or smoking discussions (31% v 41%, respectively, P <.05). Cervical cancer survivors were more likely than AWCs of similar age range to discuss smoking (58% v 43%, respectively; P <.001). Conclusion Findings from this nationally representative sample suggest that many providers may miss opportunities to counsel survivors about healthy behaviors, perhaps particularly colorectal cancer survivors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sabatino, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway K-52, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ssabatino@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY 20 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 15 BP 2100 EP 2106 DI 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.6340 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 172KW UT WOS:000246804200025 PM 17513816 ER PT J AU Lonergan, W Whistler, T Vernon, SD AF Lonergan, William Whistler, Toni Vernon, Suzanne D. TI Comparison of target labeling methods for use with Affymetrix GeneChips SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; AMPLIFIED RNA; AMPLIFICATION; VARIABILITY AB Background: Several different commercial one-cycle labeling kits are available for preparation of the target for use with the Affymetrix GeneChip platform. However, there have been no evaluations of these different kits to determine if comparable results were generated. We report on the cRNA target synthesis, labeling efficiency and hybridization results using the One-Cycle Target Labeling Assay (TM) (Affymetrix), the BioArray RNA Amplification and Labeling System (TM) (Enzo Life Sciences), and the Superscript RNA Amplification System (Invitrogen Life Technologies). Results: The only notable difference between kits was in the yield of cRNA target synthesized during in vitro transcription, where the BioArray assay had to be repeated several times in order to have sufficient target. However, each kit resulted in comparable signal and detection calls when hybridized to the Affymetrix GeneChip. Conclusion: These 3 one-cycle labeling kits produce comparable hybridization results. This provides users with several kit options and flexibility when using the Affymetrix system. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Whistler, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-G41, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM wlonergan@cdc.gov; twhistler@cdc.gov; svernon@cdc.gov RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 24 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-7-24 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 174XS UT WOS:000246976800001 PM 17511875 ER PT J AU Pogue, M Burton, S Kreyling, P Naponick, J Stefanski, J Ratard, R Bulens, S Cope, J Tuttle, J Ladson, J Tobin-D'Angelo, M Arnold, K Hageman, J Gorwitz, R Fosheim, G McAllister, S Anderson, K Patel, J Limbago, B Fry, A Brammer, L Dhara, R Shay, D Guarner, J Zaki, S Brunkard, J Kallen, A AF Pogue, M. Burton, S. Kreyling, P. Naponick, J. Stefanski, J. Ratard, R. Bulens, S. Cope, J. Tuttle, J. Ladson, J. Tobin-D'Angelo, M. Arnold, K. Hageman, J. Gorwitz, R. Fosheim, G. McAllister, S. Anderson, K. Patel, J. Limbago, B. Fry, A. Brammer, L. Dhara, R. Shay, D. Guarner, J. Zaki, S. Brunkard, J. Kallen, A. CA CDC TI Severe methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus community-acquired pneumonia associated with influenza - Louisiana and Georgia, December 2006 January 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 325-329, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; ADULTS C1 Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pogue, M (reprint author), Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 19 BP 2070 EP 2072 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 167UG UT WOS:000246477400009 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Yore, M Solera, M Moeti, R AF Kruger, J. Yore, M. M. Solera, M. Moeti, R. CA CDC TI Prevalence of fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity by race/ethnicity United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 301-304, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RELIABILITY C1 CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 19 BP 2072 EP 2074 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 167UG UT WOS:000246477400010 ER PT J AU Jackson, LA Neuzil, KM Nahm, MH Whitney, CG Yu, O Nelson, JC Starkovich, PT Dunstan, M Carste, B Shay, DK Baggs, J Carlone, GM AF Jackson, Lisa A. Neuzil, Kathleen M. Nahm, Moon H. Whitney, Cynthia G. Yu, Onchee Nelson, Jennifer C. Starkovich, Pat T. Dunstan, Maya Carste, Barbara Shay, David K. Baggs, James Carlone, George M. TI Immunogenicity of varying dosages of 7-valent pneurnococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine in seniors previously vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE pneumococcal vaccines; pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ID HIV-INFECTED ADULTS; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; HEALTHY-ADULTS; GROUP-A; SAFETY; CHILDREN; INFANTS AB In this dose-ranging study 220 seniors who had received the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnPS) vaccine at least 5 years prior to enrollment were assigned to receive one of four volumes (0.1, 0.5, 1 or 2 ml) of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate (PnC) vaccine or a 0.5 ml dose of 23-valent PnPS vaccine. All participants received a reduced challenge dose of 0.1 ml of Pups vaccine I year after enrollment. There was evidence of a dose response to PnC vaccine and antibody levels in the I ml PnC group tended to be significantly higher than in the PnPS group. A booster response to the challenge vaccination was not observed. Administration of a 1 ml dose of PnC vaccine is more immunogenic than 0.5 ml of PnPS vaccine in elderly adults previously vaccinated with pups vaccine. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Vet Affairs Puget Sound Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jackson, LA (reprint author), Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Ste 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM Jackson.L@ghc.org OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820; Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683; Nahm, Moon/0000-0002-6922-1042 NR 38 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 20 BP 4029 EP 4037 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.062 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 172WT UT WOS:000246835900013 PM 17391816 ER PT J AU Stephenson, I Das, RG Wood, JM Katz, JM AF Stephenson, Iain Das, Rose Gaines Wood, John M. Katz, Jacqueline M. TI Comparison of neutralising antibody assays for detection of antibody to influenza A/H3N2 viruses: An international collaborative study SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; serology; assays ID RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; B VIRUSES; SERUM; INFECTION; VACCINE; SAFETY AB A study was performed to investigate the reproducibility of haemagglutinin-inhibition (111) and virus neutralising (VN) assays for detection of anti-influenza antibody. Participants in I I laboratories from eight countries measured antibody to ego-grown A/Japan/434/2003, cell-grown A/Japan/434/2003 and A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) viruses in 18 human and two post-infection ferret sera. There was significant intra-laboratory assay variability for VN compared to HI. For replicate assays within laboratories, 14/410 (3%) and 130/631 (21%) fitres differed by > 2-fold (p < 0.0001), and 0/410 (0%) and 35/631 (6%) titres differed by > 5-fold (p < 0.0001) by HI and VN, respectively. Although both assays showed inter-laboratory variation, VN assays were significantly more variable than III. Median geometric coefficients of variation (GCV) for VN assays with each virus were 256%, 323% and 359% compared to 138%, 155% and 261% with HI. A serum standard improved inter-laboratory agreement and reduced median GCVs. This study raises concern about comparability of serology results from H5N1 vaccine trials and it is proposed that an International Standard for influenza H5N1 antibody is developed. Crown Copyright (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hosp Leicester, Infect Dis Unit, Leicester LE1 5WW, Leics, England. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stephenson, I (reprint author), Univ Hosp Leicester, Infect Dis Unit, Leicester LE1 5WW, Leics, England. EM iain.stephenson@uhl-tr.nhs.uk FU Medical Research Council [G0700846] NR 17 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 20 BP 4056 EP 4063 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.039 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 172WT UT WOS:000246835900016 PM 17412461 ER PT J AU Schmidt, H Williamson, D Ashley-Koch, A AF Schmidt, Hollie Williamson, Dhelia Ashley-Koch, Allison TI HLA-DR15 haplotype and multiple sclerosis: A HuGE review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE epidemiology; genetics; HLA antigens; HLA-DR15; multiple sclerosis ID HLA-CLASS-II; T-CELL-RECEPTOR; HUMAN-LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; RESONANCE-IMAGING FINDINGS; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; BASIC-PROTEIN GENE; OPTIC NEURITIS; DQB1-ASTERISK-0602 ALLELE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM AB An association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, a dense cluster of genes on the short arm of chromosome 6, was first noted over 30 years ago. In Caucasian populations of Northern European descent, the DR15 haplotype (DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602) has been hypothesized to be the primary HLA genetic susceptibility factor for MS. However, studies of other populations have produced varying results. Thus, the authors reviewed the literature for articles on the association between the DR15 haplotype and MS. They identified 72 papers meeting the inclusion criteria: human genetic studies written in English that were published between 1993 and 2004 and that reported allele frequencies for HLA-DRB1*1501, HLA-DQA1*0102, or HLA-DQB1*0602 or the frequency of the DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype. Most of the studies identified used a case-control design (n = 60), while the remainder used a family-based design (n = 22). In most of these papers, investigators reported a higher frequency of the DR15 haplotype and/or its component alleles among MS cases than among controls. However, the authors' confidence in these results is tempered by factors related to study design that may have biased the outcomes. C1 Accelerated Cure Project Multiple Sclerosis, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Studies, Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Schmidt, H (reprint author), Accelerated Cure Project Multiple Sclerosis, 300 5th Ave, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. EM hollie@acceleratedcure.org OI Ashley-Koch, Allison/0000-0001-5409-9155 NR 138 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 10 BP 1097 EP 1109 DI 10.1093/aje/kwk118 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 162WK UT WOS:000246120000001 PM 17329717 ER PT J AU Brady, TJ AF Brady, Teresa J. TI Moving from identitying to addressing health disparities: A public health perspective SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ARTHRITIS; MANAGEMENT; UPDATE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arthritis Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brady, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arthritis Program, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tob9@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 57 IS 4 BP 544 EP 546 DI 10.1002/art.22678 PG 3 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 166NE UT WOS:000246384900002 PM 17471550 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Hootman, JM AF Strine, Tara W. Hootman, Jennifer M. TI US national prevalence and correlates of low back and neck pain among adults SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE back pain; neck pain; health behaviors; psychological distress ID CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN; MORBIDLY OBESE-PATIENTS; GENERAL-POPULATION; FOLLOW-UP; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; RISK-FACTOR; PREDICTORS; DISTRESS AB Objective. To estimate the US prevalence and psychological and health behavior correlates of low back pain and/or neck pain. No current US national prevalence estimates of low back and neck pain exist and few studies have investigated the associations between low back and neck pain, psychological factors, and health behaviors in a representative sample of US community dwellers. Methods. We analyzed data obtained from adults ages 18 years or older (n = 29,828) who participated in the 2002 National Health Interview Survey, a cross-sectional, population-based survey of US adults. Results. The 3-month US prevalence of back and/or neck pain was 31% (low back pain: 34 million, neck pain: 9 million, both back and neck pain: 19 million). Generally, adults with low back and/or neck pain reported more comorbid conditions, exhibited more psychological distress (including serious mental illness), and engaged in more risky health behaviors than adults without either condition. Conclusion. Low back and neck pain are critical public health problems. Our study supports the idea of a multidimensional approach to examining low back and neck problems and suggests the need for further research to address potentially modifiable psychological factors and health behaviors in these populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 144 Z9 148 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 57 IS 4 BP 656 EP 665 DI 10.1002/art.22684 PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 166NE UT WOS:000246384900018 PM 17471542 ER PT J AU Goff, BA Matthews, BJ Larson, EH Andrilla, CHA Wynn, M Lishner, DM Baldwin, LM AF Goff, Barbara A. Matthews, Barbara J. Larson, Eric H. Andrilla, C. Holly A. Wynn, Michelle Lishner, Denise M. Baldwin, Laura-Mae TI Predictors of comprehensive surgical treatment in patients with ovarian cancer SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE ovarian cancer; surgery; hospital volume; surgeon volume; teaching hospital; gynecologic oncologist; cytoreduction ID UNITED-STATES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGIST; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; PROVIDER VOLUME; SURGEON VOLUME; BREAST-CANCER; HEALTH-CARE; SURVIVAL; OUTCOMES AB BACKGROUND. Providing appropriate surgical treatment for women with ovarian cancer is one of the most effective ways to improve ovarian cancer outcomes. In this study, the authors identified factors that were associated with a measure of comprehensive surgery, so that interventions may be targeted appropriately to improve surgical care. METHODS. Using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project hospital discharge data from 1999 to 2002 for 9 states, the authors identified 10,432 admissions of women who had an International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision (ICD-9) primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer and who had undergone oophorectomy. Based on National Institutes of Health Consensus Panel recommendations, surgeries were categorized as comprehensive by using ICD-9 diagnosis and procedure codes. Logistic regression analysis using data from 5 states with a full set of variables (n = 6854 patients)was used to identify factors that were associated with the receipt of comprehensive Surgical care. RESULTS. Overall, 66.9% of admissions (range, 46.3-80.8% of admissions) received comprehensive surgery. Factors that were associated independently with comprehensive surgical care included age (ages 21-50 years vs ages 71-80 years or >= 81 years), race (Caucasian vs African American or Hispanic), payer (private insurance vs Medicaid), cancer stage (advanced vs early), annual surgeon volume (low/medium [2-9 surgeries per year] or high [> 10 surgeries per year] vs very low [1 surgery per year]), and surgeon specialty (gynecologic oncologists vs obstetrician gynecologists or general surgeons). Among nonteaching hospitals, mediurn-volume hospitals (10-19 ovarian cancer surgeries per year) and high-volume hospitals (>= 20 surgeries per year) had significantly higher comprehensive surgery rates than low-volume facilities (1-9 surgeries per year). Volume did not influence comprehensive surgery rates in teaching hospitals. CONCLUSIONS. Many women with ovarian cancer, especially those in poor, elderly, or minority groups, are not receiving recommended comprehensive surgery. Efforts should be made to ensure that all women with ovarian cancer, especially those in vulnerable populations, have the opportunity to receive care from centers or Surgeons with higher comprehensive surgery rates. Cancer 2007;109:2031-42. (C) 2007 American Cancer Society. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Family Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goff, BA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Box 356460, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bgoff@u.washington.edu FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U48-DP-000050] NR 44 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 10 BP 2031 EP 2042 DI 10.1002/cncr.22604 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 164RX UT WOS:000246252800015 PM 17420977 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Li, CY Cook, S Choi, HK AF Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Cook, Stephen Choi, Hyon K. TI Serum concentrations of uric acid and the metabolic syndrome among US children and adolescents SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; pediatrics; prevention; risk factors ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SYNDROME PHENOTYPE; OBESE CHILDREN; BLOOD-PRESSURE; POTENTIAL ROLE; RENAL SODIUM; RISK-FACTOR; HYPERTENSION AB Background - The association between concentrations of uric acid and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to examine how these 2 were associated in a nationally representative sample of US children and adolescents. Methods and Results - We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1370 males and females aged 12 to 17 years using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was < 1% among participants in the lowest quartile of serum concentration of uric acid, 3.7% in the second quartile, 10.3% in the third quartile, and 21.1% in the highest quartile. Compared with the lowest 2 quartiles of uric acid together (<= 291.5 mu mol/L), the odds ratios were 5.80 (95% confidence interval, 3.22 to 10.46) for those in the third quartile (> 291.5 to <= 339 mu mol/L or > 4.9 to <= 5.7 mg/dL) and 14.79 (95% confidence interval, 7.78 to 28.11) for those in the top quartile (> 339 mu mol/L) after adjustment for age, sex, race or ethnicity, and concentrations of C-reactive protein. Starting with the lowest quartile of concentration of uric acid, mean concentrations of serum insulin were 66.2, 66.7, 79.9, and 90.9 pmol/L for ascending quartiles, respectively (P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions - Among US children and adolescents, serum concentrations of uric acid are strongly associated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and several of its components. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver Gen Hosp, Div Rheumatol, Arthrit Res Ctr Canada,Dept Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Div Renal, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 195 Z9 217 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 19 BP 2526 EP 2532 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.657627 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 167LN UT WOS:000246453300012 PM 17470699 ER PT J AU Castro, KG AF Castro, Kenneth G. TI Tuberculosis surveillance: Data for decision-making SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COUNTRIES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Castro, KG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kgc1@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 10 BP 1268 EP 1270 DI 10.1086/514351 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 158HD UT WOS:000245781500002 PM 17443461 ER PT J AU Chi, BH Sinkala, M Stringer, EM Cantrell, RA Mtonga, V Bulterys, M Zulu, I Kankasa, C Wilfert, C Weidle, PJ Vermund, SH Stringer, JSA AF Chi, Benjamin H. Sinkala, Moses Stringer, Elizabeth M. Cantrell, Ronald A. Mtonga, Velepi Bulterys, Marc Zulu, Isaac Kankasa, Chipepo Wilfert, Catherine Weidle, Paul J. Vermund, Sten H. Stringer, Jeffrey S. A. TI Early clinical and immune response to NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy among women with prior exposure to single-dose nevirapine SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; nevirapine; mother-to-child transmission of HIV; clinical outcomes; Zambia; Africa; antiretroviral therapy ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; RESISTANCE MUTATIONS; HIV TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PREVENTION; INTRAPARTUM; PROGRAM; ZIDOVUDINE; HIVNET-012; CAMEROON AB Objective: To determine whether prior exposure to single-dose nevirapine (NVP) for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) is associated with attenuated CD4 cell response, death, or clinical treatment failure in women starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI). Methods: Open cohort evaluation of outcomes for women in program sites across Zambia. HIV treatment was provided according to Zambian/World Health Organization guidelines. Results: Peripartum NVP exposure status was known for 6740 women initiating NNRTI-containing ART, of whom 751 (11%) reported prior use of NVP for PMTCT. There was no significant difference in mean CD4 cell change between those exposed or unexposed to NVP at 6 (+202 versus +182 cells/mu l; P=0.20) or 12 (+201 versus +211 cells/mu l; P=0.60) months. Multivariable analyses showed no significant differences in mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8-1.8] or clinical treatment failure (adjusted HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.5). Comparison of recent NVP exposure with remote exposure suggested a less favorable CD4 cell response at 6 (+150 versus +219cells/mu l; P=0.06) and 12 (+149 versus +215 cells/mu l; P=0.39) months. Women with recent NVP exposure also had a trend towards elevated risk for clinical treatment failure (adjusted HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.9-2.7). Conclusion: Exposure to maternal single-dose NVP was not associated with substantially different short-term treatment outcomes. However, evidence was suggestive that exposure within 6 months of ART initiation may be a risk factor for poor treatment outcomes, highlighting the importance of ART screening and initiation early in pregnancy. (C) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Infect Dis Res Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. Zambian Minist Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Global AIDS PRogram, Lusaka, Zambia. Univ Zambia, Sch Med, Lusaka, Zambia. Univ teaching Hosp, Lusaka, Zambia. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Chi, BH (reprint author), Plot 1275 Lubutu Rd,POB 34681, Lusaka, Zambia. EM bchi@cidrz.org OI Vermund, Sten/0000-0001-7289-8698 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW001035, D43 TW001035-10, D43-TW001035, K01 TW005708, K01 TW005708-01, K01 TW006670, K01 TW006670-01A1, K01-TW05708, K01-TW06670]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI027767, K23-AI01411, P30-AI027767]; PHS HHS [U62/CCU12354] NR 25 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 8 BP 957 EP 964 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32810996b2 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 171RW UT WOS:000246754100008 PM 17457089 ER PT J AU Tovanabutra, S de Souza, M Sittisombut, N Sriplienchan, S Ketsararat, V Birx, DL Khamboonrueng, C Nelson, KE McCutchan, FE Robb, ML AF Tovanabutra, Sodsai de Souza, Mark Sittisombut, Nopporn Sriplienchan, Somchai Ketsararat, Vidhaya Birx, Deborah L. Khamboonrueng, Chirasak Nelson, Kenrad E. McCutchan, Francine E. Robb, Merlin L. TI HIV-1 genetic diversity and compartmentalization in mother/infant pairs infected with CRF01_AE SO AIDS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; GENITAL SECRETIONS; VARIANTS; POPULATIONS; DISTINCT; INFANTS; MOTHERS; BLOOD AB Molecular characterization of C2-V5 envelope sequences from maternal plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), cervical secretions and infant PBMC was performed in eight CRF01_AE-infected mother/infant pairs. Maternal viruses were relatively homogeneous within a compartment but distinct in different compartments in mothers with high CD4 cell counts. Infant viruses were almost distinct, but phylogenetically related, to maternal viruses, mostly from the maternal PBMC compartment, reflecting the frequent transmission of HIV-1 from maternal cells rather than free viruses. C1 Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Med, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. US Mil HIV Res Program, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, US Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Royal Thai Army, Phramongkutklao Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. Lampang Hosp, Lampang, Thailand. USMHRP, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tovanabutra, S (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD34343-03] NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1050 EP 1053 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32810c8cf3 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 171RW UT WOS:000246754100022 PM 17457103 ER PT J AU Katz, MA Tharmaphornpilas, P Chantra, S Dowell, SF Uyeki, T Lindstrom, S Balish, A Peret, TCT Chittaganpitch, M Simmerman, JM Olsen, SJ AF Katz, Mark A. Tharmaphornpilas, Piyanit Chantra, Somrak Dowell, Scott F. Uyeki, Timothy Lindstrom, Steve Balish, Amanda Peret, Teresa C. T. Chittaganpitch, Malinee Simmerman, James M. Olsen, Sonja J. TI Who gets hospitalized for influenza pneumonia in Thailand? Implications for vaccine policy SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; pneumonia; vaccination; Thailand; risk factors ID UNITED-STATES; PCR ASSAY; CHILDREN; ILLNESS; VIRUSES; DEATH AB Risk factor information for severe complications of interpandemic influenza is needed to inform vaccine policy in Thailand. We identified patients with lab-confirmed influenza who were hospitalized with pneumonia during September 2003 to August 2004. Among the 80 case-patients identified through a population-based pneumonia surveillance system in eastern Thailand, cases were 6.2 and 11.1 times more likely to be among persons < 1 year old and > 75 years old, respectively, compared with the overall population. Cases were also 7.6 times more likely to have chronic respiratory disease. In Thailand, the young, elderly, and those with chronic disease were at high risk for hospitalized pneumonia from influenza. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Crown Prince Hosp, Sa Kaeo, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Resp & Gastroenteritis Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Thai MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Katz, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop A-32,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM makatz@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 19 BP 3827 EP 3833 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.109 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 166ZD UT WOS:000246419100011 PM 17367898 ER PT J AU Rabablert, J Wasi, C Kinney, R Kasisith, J Pitidhammabhorn, D Ubol, S AF Rabablert, Jundee Wasi, Chantapong Kinney, Richard Kasisith, Jitra Pitidhammabhorn, Dhanesh Ubol, Sukathida TI Attenuating characteristics of DEN-2 PDK53 in flavivirus-nalve peripheral blood mononuclear cells SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE cDNA array analysis; vaccine development; Dengue virus ID DENGUE VIRUS-INFECTION; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; STRAIN 16681; DISEASE PATHOGENESIS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CANDIDATE VACCINE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ADULT VOLUNTEERS; DENDRITIC CELLS; TYPE-1 VIRUS AB A live-attenuated DEN-2 virus, DEN-2 strain 16681-PDK53, has been found to be attenuated for both humans and mice with an unknown mechanism. To partially answer this question, responses of flavivirus-naive primary human PBMC to infection with attenuated DEN-2 PDK53 (D2/IC-VV45R) virus and its parental, virulent DEN-2 16681 virus (D2/IC-30P-A) were investigated at the cellular and genetic levels using cDNA array analysis. Both DEN-2 viruses produced similar replication kinetics in flavivirus-naive PBMC. In contrast, virulent DEN-2 virus caused a higher percentage of apoptotic death. A macro-array analysis showed that the virulent D2/IC-30P-A virus induced changes in the expression of a greater number of genes than did the attenuated D2/IC-VV45R virus, 31 genes versus 19 genes, respectively, by 24 h postinfection. Interestingly, both viruses stimulated cytokines known to be virulence factors for DEN virus infection, such as IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MIP-1 beta, and MIP-1 alpha. The virulent virus additionally up-regulates immune suppression factors and down-regulates immune activator and growth factors. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that D2-PDK53 effected less change in PBMC than D2-16681 in terms of observable cellular effect and expression of cytokine and chemokine related genes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Ubol, S (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok, Thailand. EM scsul@mahidol.ac.th NR 53 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 19 BP 3896 EP 3905 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.096 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 166ZD UT WOS:000246419100020 PM 17316931 ER PT J AU Erickson, BR Deyde, V Sanchez, AJ Vincent, MJ Nichol, ST AF Erickson, Bobbie R. Deyde, Varough Sanchez, Angela J. Vincent, Martin J. Nichol, Stuart T. TI N-linked glycosylation of Gn (but not Gc) is important for Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus glycoprotein localization and transport SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus; glycoproteins; Bunyaviridae; glycosylation; localization ID INTRACELLULAR TRAFFICKING; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SUBTILASE SKI-1/S1P; GLYCANS; INFECTIVITY; PRECURSOR AB The mature Gn glycoprotein of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus contains two predicted glycosylation sites (557N and 755N). Of these, N-glycans are added only at 557N, as evidenced by abrogation of Gn-glycosylation by mutation of 557N but not 755N site. Mutational block of Gn-glycosylation at 557N did not significantly affect Gn proteolytic processing but did result in mislocalization and retention of Gn and other proteins synthesized from the virus M segment ORF (GP160, GP85, GP38 and Gc) in the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast to Gn, similar mutational analysis demonstrated that, while N-glycosylation occurs at the two predicted sites in Gc, abrogation of their glycosylation did not alter localization of any of the CCHF virus glycoproteins. Studies of Gn expressed in the absence of Gc demonstrate that, while Gn processing and localization are independent of Gc, all the CCHF virus glycoproteins appear dependent on N-glycosylation of Gn for correct folding, localization C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM snichol@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 361 IS 2 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.11.023 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 161SI UT WOS:000246035700011 PM 17197010 ER PT J AU Belongia, E Izurieta, H Braun, MM Ball, R Haber, P Baggs, J Weintraub, E Gargiullo, P Vellozzi, C Iskander, J Patel, M Parashar, U Cortese, M Gentsch, J Wallace, G Bartlett, D AF Belongia, E. Izurieta, H. Braun, M. M. Ball, R. Haber, P. Baggs, J. Weintraub, E. Gargiullo, P. Vellozzi, C. Iskander, J. Patel, M. Parashar, U. Cortese, M. Gentsch, J. Wallace, G. Bartlett, D. CA CDC TI Postmarketing monitoring of intussusception after RotaTeq (TM) vaccination - United States, February 1, 2006-February 15, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 218-222, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Belongia, E (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 9 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 18 BP 1972 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 165JM UT WOS:000246301800009 ER PT J AU Farnon, E AF Farnon, E. CA CDC TI Update: Chikungunya fever diagnosed among international travelers - United States, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 276-277, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div GlobalMigrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Farnon, E (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 9 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 18 BP 1976 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 165JM UT WOS:000246301800010 ER PT J AU Biek, R Henderson, JC Waller, LA Rupprecht, CE Real, LA AF Biek, Roman Henderson, J. Caroline Waller, Lance A. Rupprecht, Charles E. Real, Leslie A. TI A high-resolution genetic signature of demographic and spatial expansion in epizootic rabies virus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE invasion; phylogeography; Procyon lotor; wildlife disease; zoonoses ID RACCOON RABIES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; UNITED-STATES; SEQUENCES; EPIDEMIC; SUBSTITUTION; VACCINATION AB Emerging pathogens potentially undergo rapid evolution while expanding in population size and geographic range during the course of invasion, yet it is generally difficult to demonstrate how these processes interact. Our analysis of a 30-yr data set covering a large-scale rabies virus outbreak among North American raccoons reveals the long lasting effect of the initial infection wave in determining how viral populations are genetically structured in space. We further find that coalescent-based estimates derived from the genetic data yielded an amazingly accurate reconstruction of the known spatial and demographic dynamics of the virus overtime. Our study demonstrates the combined evolutionary and population dynamic processes characterizing the spread of pathogen after its introduction into a fully susceptible host population. Furthermore, the results provide important insights regarding the spatial scale of rabies persistence and validate the use of coalescent approaches for uncovering even relatively complex population histories. Such approaches will be of increasing relevance for understanding the epidemiology of emerging zoonotic diseases in a landscape context. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Ecol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Biek, R (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biol, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM rbiek@emory.edu OI Biek, Roman/0000-0003-3471-5357 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI047498, R01 AI047498] NR 41 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 39 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 8 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 19 BP 7993 EP 7998 DI 10.1073/pnas.0700741104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 167OR UT WOS:000246461500048 PM 17470818 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, BH Strikas, R Kempe, A Stokley, S Ellis, J AF Bardenheier, Barbara H. Strikas, Raymond Kempe, Allison Stokley, Shannon Ellis, Jean TI Influenza vaccine supply, 2005-2006: did we come up short? SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Background: Although total influenza vaccine doses available in the 2005/2006 influenza season were over 80 million, CDC received many reports of delayed and diminished vaccine shipments in October to November of 2005. To better understand the supply problems, CDC and partners surveyed several health care professional groups. Methods: Surveys were sent to representative samples of influenza vaccine providers including pediatricians, internists, federally qualified health centers, visiting nurse organizations, and all 64 state and other health departments receiving federal immunization funds directly. In November and December, 2005, providers were asked questions about their experience in ordering influenza vaccine, sources where orders were placed, proportion of orders received, and referral of patients to other vaccination sites. Results: The number of providers surveyed ( median: 154; range: 64 - 308) and response rates ( median: 62%; range: 51% - 77%) varied among groups. Less than half of the providers in most groups placed a single order that was accepted ( median: 31%; range: 8% - 53%), and most placed multiple orders. Only 57% of federally qualified health centers and 60% of internists reported they received at least 40% of their orders by the middle of December; the other provider groups received a greater proportion of their orders. Most internists ( 80%) and federally qualified health centers ( 54%) reported that they had referred priority group patients to other locations to receive the influenza vaccine due to inadequate supplies. Vaccine providers who ordered only from Chiron received a lower proportion of their orders than providers that ordered from another source or ordered from multiple sources. Conclusion: Most of the providers surveyed received only part of their orders by the middle of December. Disruptions in receipt of influenza vaccine during the fall of 2005 were due primarily to shortfalls in vaccine from Chiron and also due to delays and partial shipments from other distributors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Washington, DC USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Childrens Hosp, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80218 USA. VNAA, Member Serv & Business Dev, Boston, MA USA. RP Bardenheier, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bfb7@cdc.gov; Raymond.Strikas@psc.hhs.gov; Kempe.Allison@tchden.org; SStokley@cdc.gov; JEllis@vnaa.org NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1472-6963 J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES JI BMC Health Serv. Res. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 66 DI 10.1186/1472-6963-7-66 PG 4 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 170ZC UT WOS:000246703700001 PM 17480227 ER PT J AU Fowler, GL Kennedy, A Leidel, L Kohl, KS Khromava, A Bizhanova, G Shui, I Gust, D AF Fowler, Gabrielle L. Kennedy, Allison Leidel, Laura Kohl, Katrin S. Khromava, Alena Bizhanova, Gulnar Shui, Irene Gust, Deborah TI Vaccine safety perceptions and experience with adverse events following immunization in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: A summary of key informant interviews and focus groups SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccine safety; attitudes and beliefs; focus groups ID PARENTAL BELIEFS; DECISION-MAKING; HEALTH; CARE; ATTITUDES; CHILDREN; MEASLES; IMPACT; COMMUNICATION; PERSPECTIVE AB Few studies have examined vaccine safety attitudes in developing countries and countries in economic transition. The objectives of this study were to identify concerns about immunizations and strategies to address these concerns in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, two Central Asian countries in economic transition. Qualitative text analysis was conducted on 16 focus groups and 24 key informant interviews to identify discussion themes related to the study objectives. Specific areas of concern included: adverse events following immunizations, vaccine quality, healthcare worker competence, and lack of vaccine information available to parents. Focus group participants also suggested relevant topics and sources for informational materials. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sanofi Pasteur, Global Pharmacivigilance Dept, Toronto, ON, Canada. BRiF Cent Asia, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kennedy, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM akennedy@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 18 BP 3536 EP 3543 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.082 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 166ZC UT WOS:000246418900003 PM 17293012 ER PT J AU Zhou, FJ Shefer, A Weinbaum, C McCauley, M Kong, Y AF Zhou, Fangjun Shefer, Abigail Weinbaum, Cindy McCauley, Mary Kong, Yuan TI Impact of hepatitis A vaccination on health care utilization in the United States, 1996-2004 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A; vaccination; health care utilization; medical expenditure ID IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; DECLINE AB Background: Since 1996, hepatitis A vaccine has been recommended for persons at risk for infection and children living in communities with the highest disease rates. In 1999, this recommendation was expanded to include all children in 17 states with high incidence compared to a national baseline period. Reported hepatitis A incidence has decreased substantially since 1999; however, comprehensive data on changes in hospital and outpatient utilization have not been reported. Objective: To analyze a health insurance claims database to examine impacts of the hepatitis A vaccination program on medical visits and associated expenditures. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of the 1996-2004 Medstat MarketScan databases, which include enrollees of more than 100 health insurance plans offered by approximately 40 large employers each year, using 1996 and 1997 as the pre-vaccination baseline. Trends in rates of medical care visits were analyzed using Poisson regression method. Results: From the pre-vaccination era to 2004, hospitalizations due to hepatitis A declined by 68.5% (from 0.81 to 0.26 per 100,000 population, P <0.001) and ambulatory visits declined by 41.5% (from 12.9 to 7.5 per 100,000 population, P <0.001). Ambulatory visits declined in all age groups, with the greatest declines among children <18 years old. Declines were greater among enrollees who resided in the 17 vaccinating states (58.5%) than those in non-vaccinating states (32.7%, P<0.001). After adjusting to the US population, using data derived from a privately insured population, total estimated direct medical expenditures for hepatitis A-related hospitalizations and ambulatory visits declined by 68.1%, from an average of $29.1 million in 1996 and 1997 to $9.3 million in 2004. Conclusions: Since the introduction of the hepatitis A vaccination program, hospitalizations, ambulatory visits, and their associated expenditures due to hepatitis A disease have declined substantially among all age groups across the US. Greater declines were seen in the 17 states with vaccination recommendations for hepatitis A. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NCHHSTP, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Sci Applicat Corp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Zhou, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM faz1@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 18 BP 3581 EP 3587 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.081 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 166ZC UT WOS:000246418900009 PM 17306908 ER PT J AU Shah, NS Pratt, R Althomsons, S Cegielski, JP AF Shah, N. S. Pratt, R. Althomsons, S. Cegielski, J. P. CA CDC TI Extensively drug-resistant - Tuberculosis United States, 1993-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 250-253, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shah, NS (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 17 BP 1871 EP 1873 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 162RA UT WOS:000246106000009 ER PT J AU Kaplan, J Kraner, J Paulozzi, L AF Kaplan, J. Kraner, J. Paulozzi, L. CA CDC TI Alcohol and other drug use among victims of motor-vehicle crashes - West Virginia, 2004-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1293-1296, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Chief Med Examiner, W Virginia Off, S Charleston, WV 25309 USA. CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaplan, J (reprint author), Chief Med Examiner, W Virginia Off, S Charleston, WV 25309 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 17 BP 1873 EP 1874 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 162RA UT WOS:000246106000010 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ Ryan, GW Espitia-Hardeman, VE Xi, YL AF Paulozzi, Leonard J. Ryan, George W. Espitia-Hardeman, Victoria E. Xi, Yongli TI Economic development's effect on road transport-related mortality among different types of road users: A cross-sectional international study SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE motor vehicle fatalities; motor vehicle crash; motorization; pedestrian; motorcycle; accidents; traffic ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SAFETY AB The relationship between a country's stage of economic development and its motor vehicle crash (MVC) mortality rate is not defined for different road users. This paper presents a cross-sectional regression analysis of recent national mortality in 44 countries using death certificate data provided by the World Health Organization. For five types of road users, MVC mortality is expressed as deaths per 100,000 people and per 1000 motor vehicles. Economic development is measured as gross national income (CM) per capita in U.S. dollars and as motor vehicles per 1000 people. Results showed overall MVC mortality peaked among low-income countries at about US$ 2000 GNI per capita and at about 100 motor vehicles per 1000 people. Overall mortality declined at higher national incomes tip to about US$ 24,000. Most changes in MVC mortality associated with economic development were explained by changes in rates among nonmotorized travelers, especially pedestrians. Overall MVC rates were lowest when pedestrian exposure was low because there were few motor vehicles or few pedestrians, and were highest during a critical transition to motorized travel, when many pedestrians and other vulnerable road users vied for use of the roadways with many motor vehicles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LPaulozzi@cdc.gov; GRyan@cdc.gov; VEspitia@cdc.gov; YXi@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 3 BP 606 EP 617 DI 10.1016/j.aap.2006.10.007 PG 12 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 173IV UT WOS:000246867600022 PM 17092473 ER PT J AU Kayentao, K Mungai, M Parise, M Kodio, M Keita, AS Coulibaly, D Maiga, B Traore, B Doumbo, OK AF Kayentao, Kassoum Mungai, Mary Parise, Monica Kodio, Mamoudou Keita, Abdoul Salam Coulibaly, Drissa Maiga, Boubacar Traore, Boubacar Doumbo, Ogobara K. TI Assessing malaria burden during pregnancy in Mali SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE malaria; placenta; low birth weight; gravidity; pregnancy; Mali ID FALCIPARUM-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; WOMEN; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; PREVENTION; AFRICA; IMPACT; PLACENTA; EFFICACY; PARASITE AB Malaria infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse consequences including low birth weight (LBW) and maternal anemia, particularly in primigravidae and secundigravidae. In preparation for a clinical trial of the efficacy of chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) containing prevention regimens during pregnancy, we conducted a one-year cross sectional study in Koro and Bandiagara, Mali using an assessment methodology developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to generate basic data on malarial burden during pregnancy. Two hundred and sixty-one and 192 women were enrolled in Koro and Bandiagara, respectively. Rates of placental parasitemia were 17.1 and 42.3% in Koro and Bandiagara, respectively, despite high (70-80%) use of preventive medication (mainly CQ). Low gravidity (Ist and 2nd pregnancies) was associated with peripheral (p<0.001) and placental (p<0.001) malaria only in Bandiagara, whereas it was associated with low birth weight in both sites (p<0.001 in Koro and p = 0.002 in Bandiagara). First and second pregnancies were the most important characteristics associated with placental malaria (RR = 2.78, 95%CI 1.81-4.29) and (ARR = 2.06, 95%CI 1.03-4.15) and low birth weight (RR = 4.26, 95%CI 2.50-7.27) and (ARR = 4.51, 95%CI 2.55-8.00). Birth during the rainy season was associated with placental infection in univariate analysis. Characteristics such as younger age, having fever during pregnancy, and unmarried status were associated with low birth weight only in univariate analysis and singleton premature delivery and low gravidity were associated with low birth weight in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Data from this assessment demonstrated the high burden of malaria during pregnancy in Mali. Results had been used by researchers as local reference data and by ministry of health for to stop recommending CQ prophylaxis. The methodology could be used by other malaria-endemic countries to direct their national malaria program efforts. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Fac Med Pharm & Odontostomatol, Dept Epidemiol Parasit Dis, Bamako, Mali. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Doumbo, OK (reprint author), Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Fac Med Pharm & Odontostomatol, Dept Epidemiol Parasit Dis, POB 1805, Bamako, Mali. EM okd@mrtcbko.org NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 102 IS 2 BP 106 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.04.005 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 191XB UT WOS:000248164200005 PM 17543872 ER PT J AU Kang, MS Buck, J Padian, N Posner, SF Khumalo-Sakutukwa, G van der Straten, A AF Kang, Mi-Suk Buck, Jessica Padian, Nancy Posner, Sam F. Khumalo-Sakutukwa, Gertrude van der Straten, Ariane TI The importance of discreet use of the diaphragm to Zimbabwean women and their partners SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE diaphragms; acceptability; Zimbabwe; female-controlled methods; HIV; STD prevention ID CONTROLLED BARRIER METHODS; SOUTH-WESTERN UGANDA; VAGINAL MICROBICIDE; FEMALE; ACCEPTABILITY; HIV; PROTECTION; TRIAL; SPERMICIDE; PREVENTION AB We conducted a 6-month acceptability study of diaphragms as a potential HIV/STI prevention method among Zimbabwean women. We examined partner involvement in diaphragm use, and importance of discreet use (use without partner awareness). Of the 181 women who completed the study, 45% said discreet use was "very or extremely important" and in multivariate logistic regression, women were more likely to value discretion if their partners: had other partners; drank alcohol; or were believed to prefer condoms to diaphragms. Qualitative data confirmed these findings. Both women and their partners reported that diaphragms can be used discreetly and saw this as advantageous, for both sexual pleasure and female control. However, many were concerned that use without partner approval could lead to marital problems. Discreet use should be considered in development of barrier methods and in diaphragm promotion, if proven effective against HIV/STI. C1 Womens Global Hlth Imperat, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept OBGYN, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. UZ UCSF Collaborat Res Programme Womens Hlth, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Kang, MS (reprint author), Womens Global Hlth Imperat, 50 Beale St,Suite 1200, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM mkang@globalhealth.ucsf.edu OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 11 IS 3 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9190-7 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 153TP UT WOS:000245458400009 PM 17160486 ER PT J AU Cummins, JE Denniston, M Mayer, KH Pickard, R Novak, RM Graham, P Gurwith, M Orelind, K Ackers, ML Dezzutti, CS AF Cummins, James E., Jr. Denniston, Maxine Mayer, Kenneth H. Pickard, Robert Novak, Richard M. Graham, Parrie Gurwith, Marc Orelind, Karen Ackers, Marta L. Dezzutti, Charlene S. TI Mucosal innate immune factors in secretions from high-risk individuals immunized with a bivalent gp120 vaccine SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Keystone Symposium on HIV Vaccine Development CY 2004 CL Whistler, CANADA SP Amer Soc Anesthesiologists ID LEUKOCYTE PROTEASE INHIBITOR; HIV-1 INFECTION; EFFICACY TRIAL; GENITAL-TRACT; LACTOFERRIN; PROTEINS AB This study examined the effect of an HIV vaccine on mucosal innate factor expression. Serum, gingival fluid, and genital mucosal secretions were collected from high-risk women and men enrolled in an HIV-1 efficacy vaccine trial and from low-risk women and men. Samples were tested by standard ELISA for lactoferrin, myeloid-related protein-8/14, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor. No consistent significant changes in innate factor levels were found in serum or secretions from vaccinees compared to placebo recipients or from high-risk compared to low-risk individuals. Because of the importance of innate immunity in host defense, evaluation of the mucosal innate immune system should be included in future HIV prevention trials. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fenway Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Vaxgen Inc, Brisbane, CA 94005 USA. RP Cummins, JE (reprint author), So Res Inst, 431 Aviat Way, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM cummins@sri.org FU NICHD NIH HHS [5 F32 HD40727]; PHS HHS [200-2000-00091, 2000-1999-00126] NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 748 EP 754 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.0233 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 172JJ UT WOS:000246799900012 PM 17531002 ER PT J AU Tohill, BC Heilig, CM Klein, RS Rompalo, A Cu-Uvin, S Piwoz, EG Jamieson, DJ Duerr, A AF Tohill, Beth C. Heilig, Charles M. Klein, Robert S. Rompalo, Anne Cu-Uvin, Susan Piwoz, Ellen G. Jamieson, Denise J. Duerr, Ann TI Nutritional biomarkers associated with gynecological conditions among US women with or at risk of HIV infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HIV; nutritional status; bacterial vaginosis; trichomoniasis; human papillomavirus; HPV; Candida ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS; GENITAL-TRACT INFECTIONS; VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; BETA-CAROTENE LEVELS; CERVICAL DYSPLASIA; SERONEGATIVE WOMEN; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS AB Background: Women infected with HIV face a combination of health threats that include compromised nutrition and adverse gynecological conditions. This relation among HIV, nutrition, and gynecological conditions is complex and has rarely been investigated. Objective: Our objective was to investigate nutritional biomarkers associated with several gynecological conditions among US women with or at risk of HIV infection. Design: Data on 369 HIV-infected and 184 HIV-uninfected women with both nutritional and gynecological outcomes were analyzed from a cross-sectional nutritional substudy of the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS). We examined micronutrient distributions comparing HIV-infected with HIV-uninfected participants and both subgroups with the US population. We then modeled the relation of 16 micronutrient serum concentrations to various gynecological conditions, producing partially adjusted odds ratios, adjusted for study site, risk cohort, and HIV status. Results: HIV-infected women's median antioxidant concentrations were lower than the medians of the US population. HERS women had lower median concentrations for vitamin A, selenium, and zinc irrespective of HIV status. Trichomoniasis prevalence was inversely related to serum alpha- carotene. Lower concentrations of vitamins A, C, and E and beta-carotene were associated with an increased risk of bacterial vaginosis. Higher concentrations of serum zinc were associated with lower risk of human papillomavirus. Candida colonization was higher among women with higher concentrations of total-iron-binding capacity. Conclusion: We identified several significant associations of micro-nutrient concentrations with the prevalence of gynecological conditions. These findings warrant further investigation into possible causal relations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Publ Hlth Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Publ Hlth Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Tohill, BC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Publ Hlth Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Highway MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM btohill@cdc.gov RI Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008 OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798, U64/CCU306802] NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1327 EP 1334 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 168GN UT WOS:000246511400022 PM 17490970 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Carter, HK Mulinare, J Berry, RJ Friedman, JM Erickson, JD AF Yang, Quan-He Carter, Heather K. Mulinare, Joseph Berry, R. J. Friedman, J. M. Erickson, J. David TI Race-ethnicity differences in folic acid intake in women of childbearing age in the United States after folic acid fortification: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE folic acid; fortification; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES; neural tube defects; race-ethnicity differences; women of reproductive age ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CEREAL-GRAIN PRODUCTS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FOOD FORTIFICATION; FOLATE INTAKE; HOMOCYSTEINE; PREVENTION; VITAMIN; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREGNANCY AB Background: Neural tube defects are serious birth defects of the brain and spinal cord. Up to 70% of neural tube defects can be prevented by the consumption of folic acid by women before and early during pregnancy. Objective: The objective was to examine folic acid intake in women of childbearing age in the United States. Design: We analyzed nutrient intake data reported by 1685 nonpregnant women aged 15-49 y who participated in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 2001-2002. Results: The adjusted geometric mean consumption of folic acid from fortified foods was 128 mu g/d (95% CI: 123, 134 mu g/d) in nonpregnant women. Eight percent (95% CI: 5.8%, 11.0%) of nonpregnant women reported consuming >= 400 mu g folic acid/d from fortified foods. This proportion was lower among non-Hispanic black women (5.0%) than among non-Hispanic white (8.9%) or Hispanic (6.8%) women. A smaller percentage of non-Hispanic black (19.1 %) and Hispanic (21 %) women than of non-Hispanic white women (40.5%) consumed >= 400 tg folic acid from supplements, fortified foods, or both, in addition to food folate, as recommended by the Institute of Medicine to reduce the frequency of neural tube defects. Conclusions: Most nonpregnant women of childbearing age in the United States reported consuming less than the recommended amount of folic acid. The proportion with low daily folic acid intake was significantly higher in non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women than in non-Hispanic white women. At the present level of folic acid fortification, most women need to take a folic acid-containing dietary supplement to achieve the Institute of Medicine recommendation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Carter, HK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hfc2@cdc.gov OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 42 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1409 EP 1416 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 168GN UT WOS:000246511400032 PM 17490980 ER PT J AU Fernandez, BM Hannah, KM ZuWallack, RS Hicks, JKD Gorrigan, AM Mariolis, P AF Fernandez, Barbara M. Hannah, Kristie M. ZuWallack, Randal S. Hicks, Jennifer K. D. Gorrigan, Anne M. Mariolis, Peter TI Balancing quality and cost for adult tobacco telephone surveys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research CY MAY 12-15, 2005 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Public Opin Res DE tobacco; health survey; telephone survey; adults; protocol compliance ID INTERVIEWS; SAMPLE AB Objectives: To demonstrate the ability to cost-effectively coordinate Adult Tobacco Survey stakeholder interests while reducing the risk of potential bias. Methods: Key smoking indicators were compared across 2 surveys and analyzed based on modifications to calling protocols. Results: Mixed results were found when comparing smoking rates across 2 surveys, by early, mid, and late respondents, and by the number of refusals. Significant cost savings can be obtained by reducing the number of telephone call attempts. Conclusions: Few significant differences may encourage reductions in protocol, but this must be weighed against the possibility of cost-saving measures resulting in biased estimates. C1 ORC Macro, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fernandez, BM (reprint author), ORC Macro, 126 Coll St, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. EM Barbara.M.Fernandez@orcmacro.com NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 284 EP 296 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 164ZR UT WOS:000246274000006 PM 17402868 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Yore, MM Bauer, DR Kohl, HW AF Kruger, Judy Yore, Michelle M. Bauer, Deborah R. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Selected barriers and incentives for Worksite health promotion services and policies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE health promotion; prevention; worksite ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; US EMPLOYERS; OBESITY; PROGRAMS; COSTS AB Purpose. To assess employees' attitudes toward potential barriers to and incentives for their likely use of worksite health promotion services. Methods. Data from the 2004 HealthStyles Survey, a volunteer mail survey, were used to examine selected barriers to, incentives for, and potential use of worksite health promotion programs among adults employed full-time or part-time outside the home (n = 2337). Results. Respondents were 72.7% white and 52.1% female; 36.5% were college graduates, 30.7% had a body mass index of at least 30, and 35.6% were regularly active. The most common reported barriers to use of worksite services were no time during the workday (42.5%) and no time before or after work (39.4%). More than 70% of employees responded that the following incentives would promote their interest in participating in a free worksite wellness Program: convenient time, convenient location, and employer-provided paid time off during the workday. Preferred health promotion services reported by respondents were fitness centers (80.6%), weight loss programs (67.1%), and on-site exercise classes (55.2%). Policy practices of paid time to exercise at work and healthy vending or cafeteria food choices were preferred by almost 80% of employees. Conclusions. These HealthStyles Survey data, in combination with needs data from an employer's own workforce, may help employers design wellness programs to include features that attract employees. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jkruger@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 439 EP 447 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 164NS UT WOS:000246241400007 PM 17515009 ER PT J AU Moudon, AV Lee, C Cheadle, AD Garvin, C Johnson, DB Schmid, TL Weathers, RD AF Moudon, Anne Vernez Lee, Chanam Cheadle, Allen D. Garvin, Cheza Johnson, Donna B. Schmid, Thomas L. Weathers, Robert D. TI Attributes of environments supporting walking SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE walking; physical activity; physical environment; environmental audits; geographic information systems; neighborhood walkability; setting; local community ID IRVINE-MINNESOTA INVENTORY; MEASURE BUILT ENVIRONMENTS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; URBAN FORM; NEIGHBORHOOD; FOOD; ADULTS; WOMEN AB Purpose. This study established a framework to audit environments supporting walking in neighborhoods. Design. Cross-sectional analysis using a telephone survey and 200 objective environmental variables. Setting. Urbanized King County, WA. Subjects. 608 randomly sampled adults. Measures. Walking measures constructed from survey questions, objective environmental measures taken from parcel-level databases in Geographic Information Systems. Analysis. Multinomial models estimated the odds of people engaging in moderate walking (< 149 min/wk) and in walking sufficiently to meet recommendations for health (150+ min/wk), relative to not walking; and in walking sufficiently, relative to walking moderately. A base model consisted of survey variables, and final models incorporated both survey and environmental variables. Results. Survey variables strongly associated with walking sufficiently to enhance health included household income, not having difficulty walking, using transit, perceiving social support for walking, walking outside of the neighborhood, and having a dog (p < .01). The models isolated 14 environmental variables associated with walking sufficiently (pseudo R-2 up to 0.46). Measures of distance to neighborhood destinations dominated the results: shorter distances to grocery stores/markets, restaurants, and retail stores, but longer distances to Offices or mixed-use buildings (p < .01 or .05). The density of the respondent's parcel was also strongly associated with walking sufficiently (p < .01). Conclusions. The study offered valid environmental measures of neighborhood walkability. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Urban Design & Planning, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Chron Dis Prevent & Healthy Aging Unit, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Nutr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Seattle Pacific Univ, Dept Phys Educ & Exercise Sci, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. RP Moudon, AV (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Urban Design & Planning, Gould 410,Box 355740, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM moudon@u.washington.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [1-U48/CCU209663] NR 61 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 448 EP 459 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 164NS UT WOS:000246241400008 PM 17515010 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, EA Chen, H Prabhu, M Trogdon, JG Corso, PS AF Finkelstein, Eric A. Chen, Hong Prabhu, Malavika Trogdon, Justin G. Corso, Phaedra S. TI The relationship between obesity and injuries among US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE obesity; injuries; expenditures; costs; prevention research ID BODY-MASS INDEX; MOTOR-VEHICLE CRASHES; ANKLE FRACTURES; RISK-FACTORS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; WEIGHT; OVERWEIGHT; SURGERY; HEIGHT; ADOLESCENTS AB Purpose. To quantify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and rates of medically attended injuries by mechanism (overall, fall, motor vehicle, and sport-related) and by nature (strain/sprain, lower extremity fracture, and dislocations), and between BMI and injury treatment costs. Design. Cross-sectional analysis. Setting. The noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Subjects. The 1999-2000, 2000-2001, and 2001-2002 waves of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a large, nationally representative dataset, were combined to create the analysis sample. The final sample included 42,304 adults. Measures. Medically attended injury rates by mechanism and nature of injury and related treatment costs. Analysis. Logistic regressions were used to separately estimate the odds of sustaining any injury by mechanism or by nature for overweight (25 <= BMI <= 29.9) and three categories of obese individuals compared with those who were normal weight. A second set of regressions tested whether, given that an injury occurred, obese individuals had greater injury treatment costs. Results. Slightly more than one in five adults sustain an injury each year that requires medical treatment. The odds of sustaining an injury are 15% (overweight) to 48% (Class III obesity) greater among those with excess weight. Conditional on sustaining an injury, BMI did not have a significant impact on injury treatment costs. Conclusion. Our findings show a clear association between BMI and the probability of sustaining an injury. If increasing BMI is causing the rise in injury rates, then the incidence of injuries, including those related to falls, sprains/strains, lower extremity fractures, and joint dislocations, are likely to increase as the prevalence of obesity increases. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Paul Coverdell Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Finkelstein, EA (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM finkelse@rti.org FU PHS HHS [200-97-0621] NR 30 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 460 EP 468 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 164NS UT WOS:000246241400009 PM 17515011 ER PT J AU Epstein, MP Allen, AS Satten, GA AF Epstein, Michael P. Allen, Andrew S. Satten, Glen A. TI A simple and improved correction for population stratification in case-control studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PROPENSITY SCORE; STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; GENETIC ASSOCIATIONS; SEMIPARAMETRIC TEST; GENOMIC CONTROL; MODEL; SUBCLASSIFICATION; REGRESSION; TRAITS AB Population stratification remains an important issue in case-control studies of disease-marker association, even within populations considered to be genetically homogeneous. Campbell et al. ( Nature Genetics 2005; 37: 868 - 872) illustrated this by showing that stratification induced a spurious association between the lactase gene (LCT) and tall/short status in a European American sample. Furthermore, existing approaches for controlling stratification by use of substructure-informative loci ( e. g., genomic control, structured association, and principal components) could not resolve this confounding. To address this problem, we propose a simple two-step procedure. In the first step, we model the odds of disease, given data on substructure-informative loci ( excluding the test locus). For each participant, we use this model to calculate a stratification score, which is that participant's estimated odds of disease calculated using his or her substructure- informative - loci data in the disease-odds model. In the second step, we assign subjects to strata defined by stratification score and then test for association between the disease and the test locus within these strata. The resulting association test is valid even in the presence of population stratification. Our approach is computationally simple and less model dependent than are existing approaches for controlling stratification. To illustrate these properties, we apply our approach to the data from Campbell et al. and find no association between the LCT locus and tall/short status. Using simulated data, we show that our approach yields a more appropriate correction for stratification than does principal components or genomic control. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Epstein, MP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, 615 Michael St,Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mepstein@genetics.emory.edu OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG003618, R01 HG003618]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL077663, K25 HL077663] NR 29 TC 99 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 80 IS 5 BP 921 EP 930 DI 10.1086/516842 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 160WM UT WOS:000245973200010 PM 17436246 ER PT J AU Tak, S Bernard, BP Driscoll, RJ Dowell, CH AF Tak, SangWoo Bernard, Bruce P. Driscoll, Richard J. Dowell, Chad H. TI Floodwater exposure and the related health symptoms among firefighters in New Orleans, Louisiana 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE floodwater; firefighter; hurricane; Katrina; respiratory symptoms; skin rash; response workers ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; DISASTER; WORKERS; BANGLADESH; FLOODS AB Background Concerns over increased reports of physical health symptoms thought to be related to floodwater exposure among New Orleans firefighters prompted a health hazard evaluation of firefighters following Hurricane Katrina. Methods A questionnaire assessing health symptoms possibly related to the response to Hurricane Katrina was administered to all New Orleans Fire Department (NOFD) personnel within 3 months of the disaster Descriptive statistics were compiled and prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated for covariates using generalized linear models with Log link and Poisson distribution. Results Of the 525 firefighters who completed the questionnaire (77% participation), 201 (38%) reported one or more new-onset respiratory symptoms, such as sinus congestion (145 [28%]), throat irritation (92 [17%]), and cough (124 [24%]). Skin rash was reported by 258 (49%) of respondents, 414 (79%) reported skin contact with floodwater and 165 (32%) reported contact with floodwater on multiple days. In multivariate analyses adjusting for age, gender, and smoking, firefighters who had floodwater contact with skin and either nose/mouth or eyes (224, 44%) had an increased rate of new-onset upper respiratory symptoms (PR = 1. 9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1, 3.1), and skin rash (PR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4, 3.2) compared to those not exposed to the floodwater. Conclusions Response workers involved with floodwater should minimize direct skin and mucosal contact with floodwater if possible through the use of appropriate personal protective equipment, such as goggles, safety glasses with side shields, or full-face shields. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:377-382, 2007. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div Surveillance Hazard, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tak, S (reprint author), NIOSH, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div Surveillance Hazard, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM STak@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 377 EP 382 DI 10.1002/ajim.20459 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 165DY UT WOS:000246285300006 PM 17407147 ER PT J AU Choi, HK Ford, ES AF Choi, Hyon K. Ford, Earl S. TI Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in individuals with hyperuricemia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypertension; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; NHANES III; obesity; uric acid ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; URIC-ACID CONCENTRATIONS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; US ADULTS; POTENTIAL ROLE AB PURPOSE: The link between hyperuricemia and insulin resistance has been noted, but the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by recent definitions among individuals with hyperuricemia remains unclear. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome according to serum uric acid levels in a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS: By using data from 8669 participants aged 20 years and more in The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( 1988- 1994), we determined the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome at different serum uric acid levels. We used both the revised and original National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel ( NCEP/ ATP) III criteria to define the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: The prevalences of the metabolic syndrome according to the revised NCEP/ ATP III criteria were 18.9% ( 95% confidence interval [ CI], 16.8- 21.0) for uric acid levels less than 6 mg/ dL, 36.0% ( 95% CI, 32.5- 39.6) for uric acid levels from 6 to 6.9 mg/ dL, 40.8% ( 95% CI, 35.3- 46.4) for uric acid levels from 7 to 7.9 mg/ dL, 59.7% ( 95% CI, 53.0- 66.4) for uric acid levels from 8 to 8.9 mg/ dL, 62.0% ( 95% CI, 53.0- 66.4) for uric acid levels from 9 to 9.9 mg/ dL, and 70.7% for uric acid levels of 10 mg/ dL or greater. The increasing trends persisted in subgroups stratified by sex, age group, alcohol intake, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes. For example, among individuals with normal body mass index ( < 25 kg/ m(2)), the prevalence increased from 5.9% ( 95% CI, 4.8- 7.0), for a uric acid level of less than 6 mg/ dL, to 59.0%, ( 95% CI, 20.1- 97.9) for a uric acid level of 10 mg/ dL or greater. With the original NCEP/ ATP criteria, the corresponding prevalences were slightly lower. CONCLUSIONS: These findings from a nationally representative sample of US adults indicate that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome increases substantially with increasing levels of serum uric acid. Physicians should recognize the metabolic syndrome as a frequent comorbidity of hyperuricemia and treat it to prevent serious complications. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Vancouver Gen Hosp, Div Rheumatol, Arthrit Res Ctr Canada,Dept Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L7, Canada. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Div Renal, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Choi, HK (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Div Rheumatol, Dept Med, Arthrit Res Ctr Canada, 895 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L7, Canada. EM hchoi@partners.org NR 42 TC 245 Z9 277 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 120 IS 5 BP 442 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.06.040 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 162BQ UT WOS:000246061900015 PM 17466656 ER PT J AU Simon, AE Wu, AW Lavori, PW Sugarman, J AF Simon, Alan E. Wu, Albert W. Lavori, Philip W. Sugarman, Jeremy TI Preventive misconception - Its nature, presence, and ethical implications for research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV VACCINE TRIALS; RISK BEHAVIOR AB Background: Ethical aspects of prevention trials, as they differ from therapeutic trials, have not been fully explored. This article aims to define and demonstrate the existence of "preventive misconception" (PM), a misunderstanding in which research participants in prevention trials make an "overestimate in probability or level of personal protection that is afforded by being enrolled in a trial of a preventive intervention." Methods: A rating tool was developed to evaluate PM, using data collected between August 2000 and July 2002 as part of a nationwide study of the quality of informed consent in a trial of a shingles vaccine. During 2005-2006, two pair of raters assessed the responses of 50 participants to questions asked after the participants had given consent to participate in the shingles trial. Two pair of raters evaluated the response for the presence and type of PM. Each pair of raters adjudicated their responses and inter-rater reliability was assessed. Results: Adjudicated pairs of raters agreed that 32% (CI: 20.7%-45.9%) of participants showed evidence of PM (kappa=0.71, CI: 0.52-0.90); that 12% (CI: 5.2%-24.2%) of participants underestimated the probability of receiving placebo (kappa=0.53, CI: 0.24-0.83); and that 24% (CI: 14.2%-37.6%) overestimated the likely personal effectiveness of the experimental intervention (kappa=0.42, CI: 0.08-0.76). Conclusions: This study newly describes the concept of preventive misconception and empirically demonstrates its existence in trials of prevention. Study participants may overestimate the protection that they receive by being enrolled in a trial of prevention, which poses, ethical challenges for research. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Phoebe R Berman Bioeth Inst, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Phoebe R Berman Bioeth Inst, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Phoebe R Berman Bioeth Inst, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Palo Alto Coordinating Ctr, VA Cooperat Studies Program, Palo Alto, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Sugarman, J (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Phoebe R Berman Bioeth Inst, Dept Med, Hampton House 351,624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jsugarm1@jhmi.edu NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 32 IS 5 BP 370 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.01.007 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 166YF UT WOS:000246416200002 PM 17478261 ER PT J AU Glanz, K Resnicow, K Seymour, J Hoy, K Stewart, H Lyons, M Goldberg, J AF Glanz, Karen Resnicow, Ken Seymour, Jennifer Hoy, Kathy Stewart, Hayden Lyons, Mark Goldberg, Jeanne TI How major restaurant chains plan their menus - The role of profit, demand, and health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FAST-FOOD CONSUMPTION; UNITED-STATES; US ADULTS; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; NUTRITION; TRENDS; DIET; HOME AB Background: Increased away-from-home eating is associated with lower diet quality, and may contribute to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. Healthier food choices in restaurants may help mitigate the rise in obesity and improve diet quality. This study sought to understand the views of executives at major U.S. restaurant chains regarding the process, motivation for, and challenges of offering healthier options on their menus. Methods: The Healthy Menu Study used in-depth structured telephone interviews with 41 senior menu development and marketing executives at leading casual dining and fast-food restaurant chains. The interview guide covered menu trends, influences on introduction and continuation of new menu items, and barriers to adding healthy foods. Data analysis included tabulation of responses, identification of themes, and examination of subgroup differences. Results: Growing sales and increasing profits are the most important considerations, mentioned by 61% of respondents; health and nutrition were noted as important by 21%. Restaurants may try to avoid losing groups with a "health seeker" by offering healthier foods (low in fat and calories, more fruits and vegetables) (27% of chains), but operators believe demand for healthier foods is not widespread. Additional obstacles to including healthier menu items are short shelf life of produce (46%), increased preparation time, low sales, and high labor costs. Conclusions: Not surprisingly, profit margins are the primary determinants of why restaurants do or do not add and continue to serve healthier food options. Without an increase in consumer demand, it is unlikely the restaurant industry will increase their offering of healthy food choices. Insight into the restaurant industry perspective is important for developing promising strategies to encourage healthier eating patterns. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Produce Better Hlth Fdn, Wilmington, DE USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Techn Inc, Chicago, IL USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Glanz, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd,NE,Room 526, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM kglanz@sph.emory.edu NR 21 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 32 IS 5 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.01.003 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 166YF UT WOS:000246416200004 PM 17478263 ER PT J AU Anda, RF Brown, DW Felitti, VJ Bremner, JD Dube, SR Giles, WH AF Anda, Robert F. Brown, David W. Felitti, Vincent J. Bremner, J. Douglas Dube, Shanta R. Giles, Wayne H. TI Adverse childhood experiences and prescribed psychotropic medications in adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATIONS; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; SEXUAL-ABUSE; RISK; DEPRESSION; WOMEN; METAANALYSIS; PREGNANCY; DEATH; NEUROBIOLOGY AB Background: Prescription drugs are one of the fastest growing healthcare costs in the United States. However, the long-term influence of child abuse and related traumatic stressors on prescriptions for psychotropic medications in adults has not been described. This study assessed the relationship of eight adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to rates of prescriptions for psychotropic medications throughout adulthood. These ACEs included: abuse (emotional, physical, or sexual), witnessing domestic violence, growing up with substance abusing, mentally ill, or criminal household members, and parental separation/divorce. Methods: Data about ACEs were collected between 1995 and 1997 from adult health maintenance organization patients; prescription data were available from 1997 to 2004. The number of ACEs (ACE Score: maximum 8) was used as a measure of cumulative traumatic stress during childhood. The relationship of the score to rates of prescribed psychotropic drugs was prospectively assessed among 15,033 adult patients eligible for the follow-up phase of the study (mean follow-up: 6.1 years). Data were analyzed in 2006. Multivariate models were adjusted for age, race, gender, and education. Results: Prescription rates increased yearly during the follow-up and in a graded fashion as the ACE Score increased (p for trend <0.001). After adjusting compared with persons with an ACE Score of 0, persons with a score of equal to or more than 5 had a nearly threefold increase in rates of psychotropic prescriptions. Graded relationships were observed between the score and prescription rates for antidepressant, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, and mood-stabilizing/bipolar medications; rates for persons with a score of equal to or more than 5 for these classes of drugs increased 3-, 2-, 10-, and 17-fold, respectively. Conclusions: The strong relationship of the ACE Score to increased utilization of psychotropic medications underscores the contribution of childhood experience to the burden of adult mental illness. Moreover, the huge economic costs associated with the use of psychotropic medications provide additional incentive to address the high prevalence and consequences of childhood traumatic stressors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ace Grp, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Ctr Positron Emiss Tomog, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. RP Anda, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ace Grp, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rfa1@cdc.gov RI Bremner, James/B-1632-2013 FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-44-10/11]; NCRR NIH HHS [S10 RR016917, S10 RR016917-01]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL068630, R01 HL088726, R01 HL088726-04, R01 HL703824]; NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG026255]; NIMH NIH HHS [K24 MH076955-05, K24 MH076955, P50 MH058922, P50 MH58922, R01 MH056120, R01 MH056120-12, R01 MH068791, R01 MH56120, R21 MH080208, R21 MH080208-02, T32 MH067547, T32 MH067547-05] NR 46 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 32 IS 5 BP 389 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.01.005 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 166YF UT WOS:000246416200005 PM 17478264 ER PT J AU Brownstein, JN Chowdhury, FM Norris, SL Horsley, T Jack, L Zhang, XP Satterfield, D AF Brownstein, J. Nell Chowdhury, Farah M. Norris, Susan L. Horsley, Tanya Jack, Leonard, Jr. Zhang, Xuanping Satterfield, Dawn TI Effectiveness of community health workers in the care of people with hypertension SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CENTER PARTNERSHIP; SOCIAL SUPPORT; FOLLOW-UP; EDUCATION; POPULATION; INTERVENTION; PREVENTION; OUTREACH AB Background: The contributions of community health workers (CRWs) in the delivery of culturally relevant programs for hypertension control have been studied since the 1970s. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of CHWs in supporting the care of people with hypertension. Methods: Computerized searches were conducted of multiple bibliographic electronic databases from their inception until May 2006. No restrictions were applied for language or study design, and studies were restricted to those that reported at least one outcome among participants. Results: Fourteen studies were identified, including eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Many of the studies focused on poor, urban African Americans. Significant improvements in controlling blood pressure were reported in seven of the eight RCTs. Several studies reported significant improvements in participants' self-management behaviors, including appointment keeping and adherence to antihypertensive medications. Four studies reported positive changes in healthcare utilization and in systems outcomes. Two of the RCTs showed significant improvements in other patient outcomes, such as changes in heart mass and risk of CVD. Conclusions: Community health workers may have an important impact on the self-management of hypertension. Programs involving CHWs as multidisciplinary team members hold promise, particularly for diverse racial/ethnic populations that are under-served. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Prevent Heart Dis & Stroke, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Med Informat, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Jackson State Univ, Off Associate Dean, Sch Hlth Sci, Jackson, MS USA. RP Brownstein, JN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Prevent Heart Dis & Stroke, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jnb1@cdc.gov OI Horsley, Tanya/0000-0002-1256-9582 NR 53 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 32 IS 5 BP 435 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.01.011 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 166YF UT WOS:000246416200011 PM 17478270 ER PT J AU Baptiste-Roberts, K Gary, TL Beckles, GLA Gregg, EW Owens, M Porterfield, D Engelgau, MM AF Baptiste-Roberts, Kesha Gary, Tiffany L. Beckles, Gloria L. A. Gregg, Edward W. Owens, Michelle Porterfield, Deborah Engelgau, Michael M. TI Family history of diabetes, awareness of risk factors, and health behaviors among African Americans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; PARENTAL HISTORY; TYPE-2; MELLITUS; RELATIVES; OBESITY; ADULTS; CARE; FAT AB Objectives. We examined the role of family history of diabetes in awareness of diabetes risk factors and engaging in health behaviors. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1122 African American adults without diabetes who were participants in Project DIRECT (Diabetes Interventions Reaching and Educating Communities Together). Results. After adjustment for age, gender, income, education, body mass index, and perceived health status, African Americans with a family history of diabetes were more aware than those without such a history of several diabetes risk factors: having a family member with the disease (relative risk [RR] = 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.15), being overweight (RR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.18), not exercising (RR 1.17; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.27), and consuming energy-dense foods (RR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.00, 1.17). Also, they were more likely to consume 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day (RR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.66) and to have been screened for diabetes (RR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.12, 1.29). Conclusions. African Americans with a family history of diabetes were more aware of diabetes risk factors and more likely to engage in certain health behaviors than were African Americans without a family history of the disease. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Gary, TL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St,Room E6531, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM tgary@jhsph.edu NR 39 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 97 IS 5 BP 907 EP 912 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.077032 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 164NF UT WOS:000246240100022 PM 17395839 ER PT J AU Whitaker, DJ Haileyesus, T Swahn, M Saltzman, LS AF Whitaker, Daniel J. Haileyesus, Tadesse Swahn, Monica Saltzman, Linda S. TI Differences in frequency of violence and reported injury between relationships with reciprocal and nonreciprocal intimate partner violence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL AGGRESSION; DATING VIOLENCE; SEX-DIFFERENCES; EARLY MARRIAGE; HETEROSEXUAL PARTNERS; HEALTH CONSEQUENCES; COUPLE VIOLENCE; WOMEN; TERRORISM; CONFLICT AB Objectives. We sought to examine the prevalence of reciprocal (i.e., perpetrated by both partners) and nonreciprocal intimate partner violence and to determine whether reciprocity is related to violence frequency and injury. Methods. We analyzed data on young US adults aged 18 to 28 years from the 2001 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which contained information about partner violence and injury reported by 11370 respondents on 18761 heterosexual relationships. Results. Almost 24% of all relationships had some violence, and half (49.7%) of those were reciprocally violent. In nonreciprocally violent relationships, women were the perpetrators in more than 70% of the cases. Reciprocity was associated with more frequent violence among women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9, 2.8), but not men (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI = 0.9, 1.7). Regarding injury, men were more likely to inflict injury than were women (AOR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.5), and reciprocal intimate partner violence was associated with greater injury than was nonreciprocal intimate partner violence regardless of the gender of the perpetrator (AOR = 4.4; 95% CI = 3.6, 5.5). Conclusions. The context of the violence (reciprocal vs nonreciprocal) is a strong predictor of reported injury. Prevention approaches that address the escalation of partner violence may be needed to address reciprocal violence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div VIolence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Whitaker, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div VIolence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dpw7@cdc.gov RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009; Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885; FU NICHD NIH HHS [P01 HD031921, P01-HD31921] NR 36 TC 168 Z9 173 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 97 IS 5 BP 941 EP 947 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.079020 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 164NF UT WOS:000246240100027 PM 17395835 ER PT J AU Cox, J Grillet, ME Ramos, OM Amador, M Barrera, R AF Cox, Jonathan Grillet, Maria E. Ramos, Olga M. Amador, Manuel Barrera, Roberto TI Habitat segregation of dengue vectors along an urban environmental gradient SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AEDES-ALBOPICTUS DIPTERA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; AEGYPTI DIPTERA; UNITED-STATES; PUERTO-RICO; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS; COMPETITION; MEDIOVITTATUS; REPLACEMENT AB Differential distributions of Aedes aegypti and Ae. mediovittatus (potential inter-epidemic dengue vector) and other mosquitoes colonizing bamboo pots in San Juan, Puerto Rico were studied along an urban-rural gradient. City regions (urban, suburban, and rural) and landscape elements within regions (forest [F], low-density housing [LDH], and high-density housing [HDH]) were identified using satellite imagery. Aedes species extensively overlapped in LDH of urban, suburban, and rural areas. Mosquito species showed their high specificity for landscape elements (96.6% correct classification by discriminant analysis); absence of Ae. mediovittatus in HDH or absence of Ae. aegypti in forests were the main indicator variables. The gradient was explained using a canonical correspondence analysis, which showed the association of Ae. aegypti with HDH in urban areas, Culex quinquefusciatus with LDH in suburbs, and Ae. mediovittatus and other native mosquitoes (Cx. antillummagnorum, Toxorhynchites portoricencis) with less disturbed habitats (forests, LDH). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ciencias, Inst Zool Trop, Lab Biol Vectores, Caracas 1041 A, Venezuela. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Barrera, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM jonathan.cox@yale.edu; mgrillet@ciens.ucv.ve; oramos@fs.fed.us; mamador@cdc.gov; rbarrera@cdc.gov OI Grillet, Maria Eugenia/0000-0003-2922-6751 NR 32 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 BP 820 EP 826 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 165SR UT WOS:000246326300008 PM 17488898 ER PT J AU Gaynor, K Katz, AR Park, SY Nakata, M Clark, TA Effler, PV AF Gaynor, Kate Katz, Alan R. Park, Sarah Y. Nakata, Michele Clark, Thomas A. Effler, Paul V. TI Leptospirosis on Oahu: An outbreak associated with flooding of a University Campus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INNER-CITY; HAWAII; EXPOSURE; HUMANS AB On October 31, 2004, a stream overflowed, flooding the University of Hawaii (UH) campus. On November 19, 2004, a possible flood-related leptospirosis case (Patient 1) was reported to the Hawaii State Department of Health (HDOH). Surveillance for febrile illness was established through an Internet questionnaire. Active case finding was conducted among groups involved in the flood clean-up. Free leptospirosis testing was offered by HDOH. Patient 1's illness was confirmed as leptospirosis by microscopic agglutination testing. A total of 271 persons responded to the Internet survey, of whom 90 (33%) reported a febrile illness within 30 days of contact with flood water. Forty-eight respondents (18%) were tested for leptospirosis. One additional acute leptospirosis case was identified. Patient 2 was epidemiologically linked to Patient 1. Health care providers should maintain a high level of suspicion for leptospirosis after flooding events, and local public health officials should promote leptospirosis awareness among flood-affected populations. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Dis Outbreak Control Div, Honolulu, HI 96812 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katz, AR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, John A Burns Sch Med, Bimed Sci Bldg,Room D104M,1960 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM katz@hawaii.edu NR 21 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 BP 882 EP 885 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 165SR UT WOS:000246326300019 PM 17488909 ER PT J AU Bern, C Haque, R Chowdhury, R Ali, M Kurkjian, KM Vaz, L Amann, J Wahed, MA Wagatsuma, Y Breiman, RF Williamson, J Secor, WE Maguire, JH AF Bern, Caryn Haque, Rashidul Chowdhury, Rajib Ali, Mustakim Kurkjian, Katie M. Vaz, Louise Amann, Josef Wahed, M. A. Wagatsuma, Yukiko Breiman, Robert F. Williamson, John Secor, W. Evan Maguire, James H. TI The epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic leishmanial infection in a highly endemic Bangladeshi village SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID KALA-AZAR; PARASITIC DISEASE; CHAGASI INFECTION; RECOMBINANT K-39; EASTERN SUDAN; SERUM RETINOL; RISK-FACTORS; SAND FLIES; MALNUTRITION; CHILDREN AB We examined the epidemiology of kala-azar and asymptomatic leishmanial infection measured by serologic and leishmanin skin test results in a Bangladeshi community. In a subset, we measured serum retinol, zinc and C-reactive protein (CRP). Kala-azar and seroconversion incidence were 15.6 and 63.1 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Proximity to a previous kala-azar case increased the likelihood of both kala-azar and asymptomatic infection. Bed net use protected against kala-azar (rate ratio = 0.35, P < 0.01), but not subclinical infection (rate ratio = 1.1, P = 0.82). Kala-azar patients were younger (P < 0.001) and reported lower red meat consumption (P < 0.01) than asymptomatic seropositive individuals. Retinol and zinc levels were lower in current kala-azar patients and those who later developed kala-azar compared with uninfected and asymptomatically infected subjects. The CRP levels were higher in kala-azar patients compared with the other two groups. Low red meat intake and poor zinc and retinol status may characterize a group at higher risk of symptomatic disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Int Ctr Diarrhoel Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CBern@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 BP 909 EP 914 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 165SR UT WOS:000246326300025 PM 17488915 ER PT J AU Edwards, VJ Dube, SR Felitti, VJ Anda, RF AF Edwards, Valerie J. Dube, Shanta R. Felitti, Vincent J. Anda, Robert F. TI It's OK to ask about past abuse SO AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; RETROSPECTIVE REPORTS; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Edwards, VJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vae2@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0003-066X J9 AM PSYCHOL JI Am. Psychol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 327 EP 328 DI 10.1037/0003-066X62.4.327 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 172HX UT WOS:000246795900014 PM 17516786 ER PT J AU Black, MC Black, RS AF Black, Michele C. Black, Robert S. TI A public health perspective on "The ethics of asking and not asking about abuse" SO AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID WOMEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Black, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mcl2@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0003-066X J9 AM PSYCHOL JI Am. Psychol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 328 EP 329 DI 10.1037/0003-066X62.4.328 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 172HX UT WOS:000246795900015 PM 17516787 ER PT J AU Silva, A Glick, NR Lyss, SB Hutchinson, AB Gift, TL Pealer, LN Broussard, D Whitman, S AF Silva, Abigail Glick, Nancy R. Lyss, Sheryl B. Hutchinson, Angela B. Gift, Thomas L. Pealer, Lisa N. Broussard, Dawn Whitman, Steven TI Implementing an HIV and sexually transmitted disease screening program in an emergency department SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; INNER-CITY; RISK; CHLAMYDIA; GONORRHEA; CARE; INFECTION; HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; TRANSMISSION AB Study objective: We assess the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost of routinely recommended HIV/sexually transmitted disease screening in an urban emergency department (ED). Methods: From April 2003 to August 2004, patients aged 15 to 54 years were offered rapid HIV testing, and those aged 15 to 25 years were also offered gonorrhea and chlamydia testing (nucleic acid amplification), Monday through Friday, 11 AM to 8 Pm. Infected patients were referred for treatment and care. Prevalence, treatment rates, and cost were assessed. Results: Among 3,030 patients offered HIV testing, 1,447 (47.8%) accepted, 8 (0.6%) tested positive, and 3 (37.5%) were linked to care. Among 791 patients offered sexually transmitted disease testing, 386 (48.8%) accepted, 320 provided urine (82.9%), 48 (15.0%) tested positive, and 42 (87.5%) were treated for gonorrhea or chlamydia. The program cost was $72,928. Costs per HIV-infected patient identified and linked to care were, respectively, $9,116 and $24,309; cost per sexually transmitted disease-infected patient treated was $1,736. The program cost for HIV/sexually transmitted disease screening was only $14,340 more than if we screened only for HIV. Conclusion: Through ED-based HIV/sexually transmitted disease screening, we identified and treated many sexually transmitted disease-infected patients but identified few HIV-infected patients and linked even fewer to care. However, sexually transmitted disease screening can be added to HIV screening at a reasonable cost. C1 Sinai Hlth Syst Calif, Sinai Urban Hlth Inst, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Program Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, STD HIV Prevent & Care Program, Chicago, IL USA. RP Silva, A (reprint author), Sinai Hlth Syst Calif, Sinai Urban Hlth Inst, 15th St,K436, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. EM sila@sinai.org OI Silva, Abigail/0000-0002-1112-1209 FU PHS HHS [R18/CCR520998-01] NR 50 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 49 IS 5 BP 564 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.09.028 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 163ED UT WOS:000246140700004 PM 17113684 ER PT J AU Cummins, JE Guarner, J Flowers, L Guenthner, PC Bartlett, J Morken, T Grohskopf, LA Paxton, L Dezzutti, CS AF Cummins, James E., Jr. Guarner, Jeannette Flowers, Lisa Guenthner, Patricia C. Bartlett, Jeanine Morken, Timothy Grohskopf, Lisa A. Paxton, Lynn Dezzutti, Charlene S. TI Preclinical testing of candidate topical microbicides for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity and tissue toxicity in a human cervical explant culture SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID MALE-TO-FEMALE; HIV-1 TRANSMISSION; ORGAN-CULTURE; VAGINAL TRANSMISSION; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; INFECTION; NONOXYNOL-9; WOMEN; GEL AB A human cervical explant culture was utilized for the preclinical assessment of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity and tissue toxicity of formulated, candidate topical microbicides. Products tested included cellulose acetate 1,2-benzene dicarboxylate (CAP), a carrageenan-based product (PC-515), a naphthalene sulfonate polymer (PRO 2000), a lysine dendrimer (SPL7013), a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (UC781), and an antimicrobial peptide (D2A21), along with their placebos. Cervical explants were cultured overnight with HIV-1 with or without product, washed, and monitored for signs of HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 infection was determined by p24gag levels in the basolateral medium and by immunohistochemical analysis of the explant. Product toxicity was measured by the MTT [1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan] assay and histology. CAP, PRO 2000, SPL7013, and UC781 consistently prevented HIV-1 infection in all explants tested. PC-515 and D2A21 prevented HIV-1 infection in 50% or fewer of the explants tested. Placebos did not prevent infection in any of the explants tested. With the exception of PRO 2000 (4%), the MTT assay and histological analysis of the other products and placebos showed minimal toxicity to the epithelium and submucosa. Collectively, these data suggest that this culture system can be used for evaluating the safety and efficacy of topical microbicides designed for vaginal use. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent & Infect Dis Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cummins, JE (reprint author), So Res Inst, 431 Aviat Way, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM cummins@sri.org RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 FU NICHD NIH HHS [F32 HD040727, 5 F32 HD40727] NR 45 TC 103 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1770 EP 1779 DI 10.1128/AAC.01129-06 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 168RK UT WOS:000246541500026 PM 17353237 ER PT J AU Rose, LJ Rice, EW Hodges, L Peterson, A Arduino, MJ AF Rose, Laura J. Rice, Eugene W. Hodges, Lisa Peterson, Alicia Arduino, Matthew J. TI Monochloramine inactivation of bacterial select agents SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE; CHLORAMINES; WATER AB Seven species of bacterial select agents were tested for susceptibility to monochloramine. Under test conditions, the monochloramine routinely maintained in potable water would reduce six of the species by 2 orders of magnitude within 4.2 h. Bacillus anthracis spores would require up to 3.5 days for the same inactivation with monochloramine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rose, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 E Clifton Rd NE,MS C-16, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM lrose@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3437 EP 3439 DI 10.1128/AEM.00051-07 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 170RA UT WOS:000246680500038 PM 17400782 ER PT J AU Friedman, MA Arena, P Levin, B Fleming, L Fernandez, M Weisman, R Bernstein, J Schrank, K Blythe, D Backer, L Reich, A AF Friedman, Melissa A. Arena, Patricia Levin, Bonnie Fleming, Lora Fernandez, Mercedes Weisman, Richard Bernstein, Jeff Schrank, Kathleen Blythe, Donna Backer, Lorraine Reich, Andrew TI Neuropsychological study of ciguatera fish poisoning: A longitudinal case-control study SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ciguatera; neuropsychology; neurobehavioral; cognition; harmful algae blooms (HABs); toxins; neurotoxins ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; PFIESTERIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the neuropsychological effects of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). METHOD: In a longitudinal matched cohort study, 12 CFP cases and 12 matched friend-controls received baseline neuropsychological evaluations within one month after intoxication and follow-up evaluations approximately six months after baseline. RESULTS: Only one case received intravenous mannitol treatment, which occurred 10 or more days after intoxication. At baseline and follow-up evaluations, there were no statistically significant differences between CFP cases and controls on cognitive measures. At baseline, however, CFP cases endorsed significantly greater subjective toxicity symptoms (e.g. fatigue, tingling sensations) and greater anxiety symptoms than controls. Follow-up evaluations suggested resolution of all symptoms after six months. Subsequent analyses, in which data from this study were pooled with data from an earlier pilot study, supported these results. CONCLUSION: Untreated ciguatera was associated acutely with significant subjective neurotoxicity symptoms and anxiety which were transient, but not with objectively measured cognitive changes. Future investigation with a larger sample size is warranted. (c) 2007 National Academy of Neuropsychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Miami, FL USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Oceans, Virginia Key, FL USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Human Hlth Ctr, Virginia Key, FL USA. Carlos Albizu Univ, Miami, FL USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Miami, Jackson Mem Hosp, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Univ Miami, S Florida Poison Informat Ctr, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Friedman, MA (reprint author), 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway,E Grosvenor E211, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM melissafried@yahoo.com FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05705, T32 ES337320]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU 423360-02] NR 48 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 545 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.acn.2007.03.003 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 182OP UT WOS:000247514200012 PM 17482422 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RP Hamre, R Dietz, WH Wasserman, RC Slora, EJ Myers, EF Sullivan, S Rockett, H Thoma, KA Dumitru, G Resnicow, KA AF Schwartz, Robert P. Hamre, Robin Dietz, William H. Wasserman, Richard C. Slora, Eric J. Myers, Esther F. Sullivan, Susan Rockett, Helaine Thoma, Kathleen A. Dumitru, Gema Resnicow, Kenneth A. TI Office-based motivational interviewing to prevent childhood obesity - A feasibility study SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ENERGY-INTAKE; US CHILDREN; CONSUMPTION; HEALTH; DRINKS; ADOLESCENTS; ATTITUDES; BARRIERS; FRUIT AB Objective: To determine whether pediatricians and dietitians can implement an office-based obesity prevention program using motivational interviewing as the primary intervention. Design: Nonrandomized clinical trial. Fifteen, pediatricians belonging to Pediatric Research in Office Settings, a national practice-based research network, and 5 registered dietitians were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) control; (2) minimal intervention (pediatrician only); or (3) intensive intervention (pediatrician and registered dietitian). Setting: Primary care pediatric offices. Participants: Ninety-one children presenting for well-child care visits met eligibility criteria of being aged 3 to 7 years and having a body mass index (calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared) at the 85th percentile or greater but lower than the 95th percentile for the age or having a normal weight and a parent with a body mass index of 30 or greater. Interventions: Pediatricians and registered dietitians in the intervention groups received motivational interviewing training. Parents of children in the minimal intervention group received 1 motivational interviewing session from the physician, and parents of children in the intensive intervention group received 2 motivational inter-viewing sessions each from the pediatrician and the registered dietitian. Main Outcome Measure: Change in the body mass index-for-age percentile. Results: At 6 months' follow-up, there was a decrease of 0.6, 1.9, and 2.6 body mass index percentiles in the control, minimal, and intensive groups, respectively. The differences in body mass index percentile change between the 3 groups were nonsignificant (P =.85). The patient dropout rates were 2 (10%), 13 (32%), and 15 (50%) for the control, minimal, and intensive groups, respectively. Fifteen (94%) of the parents reported that the intervention helped them think about changing their family's eating habits. Conclusions: Motivational interviewing by pediatricians and dietitians is a promising office-based strategy for preventing childhood obesity. However, additional studies are needed to demonstrate the efficacy of this intervention in practice settings. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Pediat Res Off Settings, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. Amer Dietet Assoc, Chicago, IL USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Schwartz, RP (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM rschwrtz@wfubmc.edu RI Wasserman , Richard/G-3775-2015 NR 22 TC 167 Z9 168 U1 6 U2 62 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 161 IS 5 BP 495 EP 501 DI 10.1001/archpedi.161.5.495 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 164VP UT WOS:000246263200011 PM 17485627 ER PT J AU Yelin, E Murphy, L Cisternas, MG Foreman, AJ Pasta, DJ Helmick, CG AF Yelin, Edward Murphy, Louise Cisternas, Miriam G. Foreman, Aimee J. Pasta, David J. Helmick, Charles G. TI Medical care expenditures and earnings losses among persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in 2003, and comparisons with 1997 SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS; ECONOMIC BURDEN; GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE; COSTS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; INDIVIDUALS; ILLNESS; DISEASE; IMPACT AB Objective. To obtain estimates of medical care expenditures and earnings losses associated with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions and the increment in such costs attributable to arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the US in 2003, and to compare these estimates with those from 1997. Methods. Estimates for 2003 were derived from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS), a national probability sample of households. We tabulated medical care expenditures of adult MEPS respondents, stratified by arthritis and comorbidity status, and used regression techniques to estimate the increment of medical care expenditures attributable to arthritis and other rheumatic conditions. We also estimated the earnings losses sustained by working-age adults with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions. Estimates for 2003 were compared with those from 1997, inflated to 2003 terms. Results. In 2003, there were 46.1 million adults with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions (versus 36.8 million in 1997). Adults with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions incurred mean medical care expenditures of $6,978 in 2003 (versus $6,346 in 1997), which $1,635 was for prescriptions ($899 in 1997). Expenditures for adults with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions totaled $321.8 billion in 2003 ($233.5 billion in 1997). In 2003, the mean increment in medical care expenditures attributable to arthritis and other rheumatic conditions was $1,752 ($1,762 in 1997), for a total of $80.8 billion ($64.8 billion in 1997). Persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions ages 18-64 years earned $3,613 less than other persons (versus $4,551 in 1997), for a total of $108.0 billion (versus $99.0 billion). Of this amount, $1,590 was attributable to arthritis and other rheumatic conditions (versus $1,946 in 1997), for a total of $47.0 billion ($43.3 billion in 1997). Conclusion. Our findings indicate that the increase in medical care expenditures and earnings losses between 1997 and 2003 is due more to an increase in the number of persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions than to costs per case. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Rosalind Russell Med Res Ctr Arthritis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Business Comp Applicat Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. Ovat Res Grp, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yelin, E (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Rosalind Russell Med Res Ctr Arthritis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM ed.yelin@ucsf.edu OI Pasta, David/0000-0003-2637-9293 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [P60 AR053308, P60 AR053308-01] NR 39 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1397 EP 1407 DI 10.1002/art.22565 PG 11 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 165SC UT WOS:000246324800004 PM 17469096 ER PT J AU Yang, W Shaw, GM Carmichael, SL Rasmussen, SA Waller, DK Pober, BR Anderka, M AF Yang, W. Shaw, G. M. Carmichael, S. L. Rasmussen, S. A. Waller, D. K. Pober, B. R. Anderka, M. TI Nutrient intakes in women and corozenital diaphragmatic hemia in their offspring SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Calif Birth Defect Monitoring Program, Berkeley, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. MassGen Hosp Children, Boston, MA USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Family & Commun Hlth, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 MA 16 BP 359 EP 359 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 167BO UT WOS:000246425800017 ER PT J AU Carmichael, SL Ma, C Rasmussen, SA Honein, MA Lammer, EJ Shaw, GM AF Carmichael, S. L. Ma, C. Rasmussen, S. A. Honein, M. A. Lammer, E. J. Shaw, G. M. TI Craniosynostosis and maternal smoking SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 March Dimes, Calf Birth Defect Monitoring Program, Berkeley, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 MA 22 BP 362 EP 362 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 167BO UT WOS:000246425800023 ER PT J AU Petersen, EE Rasmussen, SA Carey, JC Mitchell, AA AF Petersen, E. E. Rasmussen, S. A. Carey, J. C. Mitchell, A. A. TI Maternal exposure to statins and risk for birth defects: A case-series approach SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 MA 29 BP 367 EP 367 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 167BO UT WOS:000246425800030 ER PT J AU Berry, RJ AF Berry, R. J. TI Review of evidence base for tolerable upper level of folic acid SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 MA W8 BP 399 EP 399 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 167BO UT WOS:000246425800088 ER PT J AU Siffel, C Lu, C Correa, A AF Siffel, C. Lu, C. Correa, A. TI Trends in prevalence and survival for spina bifida and encephalocele by severity in atlanta, 1979-2001 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCBDDD, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Comp Sci Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 MA P5 BP 408 EP 408 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 167BO UT WOS:000246425800098 ER PT J AU Petersen, EE Rasmussen, SA Honein, MA Lyon, DK Yazdy, M AF Petersen, E. E. Rasmussen, S. A. Honein, M. A. Lyon, Daniel K. Yazdy, M. TI Prescription medication sharing/borrowing among women of reproductive age SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 MA P7 BP 409 EP 409 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 167BO UT WOS:000246425800100 ER PT J AU Trivers, KF Gammon, MD Abrahamson, PE Lund, MJ Flagg, EW Kaufman, JS Moorman, PG Cai, JW Olshan, AF Porter, PL Brinton, LA Eley, JW Coates, RJ AF Trivers, Katrina F. Gammon, Marilie D. Abrahamson, Page E. Lund, Mary Jo Flagg, Elaine W. Kaufman, Jay S. Moorman, Patricia G. Cai, Jianwen Olshan, Andrew F. Porter, Peggy L. Brinton, Louise A. Eley, J. William Coates, Ralph J. TI Association between reproductive factors and breast cancer survival in younger women SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; reproductive factors; reproductive history; survival ID RISK-FACTORS; BODY-SIZE; PROGNOSIS; RECALL; CHILDBIRTH; PREGNANCY; DIAGNOSIS; ABORTION; HISTORY; PARITY AB This analysis investigated whether reproductive factors such as age at menarche, parity, and timing and outcomes of pregnancies were associated with survival among women with breast cancer younger than 55 years. Female residents of Atlanta, Georgia, and central New Jersey who were diagnosed with a primary, incident invasive breast cancer between 1990 and 1992 and enrolled in a population-based study (n = 1,264) were followed for 8-10 years. Detailed exposure and covariate information was collected via in-person interviews administered shortly after diagnosis. Vital status as of January 1, 2000 was ascertained through the National Death Index via the state cancer registries (n = 292 deaths). Cox regression methods were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for confounders. Parity of 4 or more births, as compared with nulliparity, was positively associated with all-cause mortality, [HR (95% CI) = 1.71 (1.09-2.67)]. Increased mortality was associated with having given birth within 5 years prior to diagnosis (<= 5 vs. > 5 years) [1.78 (1.28-2.47)], and was more pronounced among women with a pre-diagnostic body mass index of < 25 kg/m(2) [2.54 (1.61-4.00)]. Early age at menarche and early age at first birth also modestly increased mortality; history of miscarriage, induced abortion, and ever breastfeeding were not related to survival. These results may help elucidate breast cancer progression mechanisms and enable a better understanding of how reproductive characteristics influence breast cancer survival. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Program, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Canc Prevent & Control Res Program, Dept Community & Family Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NCI, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Winship Canc Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Trivers, KF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM trivers@unc.edu RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 FU NCI NIH HHS [R25 CA57726, T32 CA09330]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES10126] NR 54 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s10549-006-9346-1 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 160TX UT WOS:000245966300012 PM 17004111 ER PT J AU Ridderhof, JC van Deun, A Kam, KM Narayanan, PR Aziz, MA AF Ridderhof, John C. van Deun, Armand Kam, Kai Man Narayanan, P. R. Aziz, Mohamed Abdul TI Roles of laboratories and laboratory systems in effective tuberculosis programmes SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID SPUTUM SMEAR MICROSCOPY; ACID-FAST BACILLI; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; HEALTH-CARE; DIAGNOSIS; COUNTRIES; CHALLENGE AB Laboratories and laboratory networks are a fundamental component of tuberculosis (TB) control, providing testing for diagnosis, surveillance and treatment monitoring at every level of the health-care system. New initiatives and resources to strengthen laboratory capacity and implement rapid and new diagnostic tests for TB will require recognition that laboratories are systems that require quality standards, appropriate human resources, and attention to safety in addition to supplies and equipment. To prepare the laboratory networks for new diagnostics and expanded capacity, we need to focus efforts on strengthening quality management systems (QMS) through additional resources for external quality assessment programmes for microscopy, culture, drug susceptibility testing (DST) and molecular diagnostics. QMS should also promote development of accreditation programmes to ensure adherence to standards to improve both the quality and credibility of the laboratory system within TB programmes. Corresponding attention must be given to addressing human resources at every level of the laboratory, with special consideration being given to new programmes for laboratory management and leadership skills. Strengthening laboratory networks will also involve setting up partnerships between TB programmes and those seeking to control other diseases in order to pool resources and to promote advocacy for quality standards, to develop strategies to integrate laboratories' functions and to extend control programme activities to the private sector. Improving the laboratory system will assure that increased resources, in the form of supplies, equipment and facilities, will be invested in networks that are capable of providing effective testing to meet the goals of the Global Plan to Stop TB. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France. Ctr Hlth Protect, TB Reference Lab, Dept Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Indian Council Med Res, TB Res Ctr, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. WHO, Stop TB Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Ridderhof, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcr0@cdc.gov RI Kam, Kai Man/K-4546-2012 OI Kam, Kai Man/0000-0003-0579-0307 NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 85 IS 5 BP 354 EP 359 DI 10.2471/BLT.06.039081 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 172FV UT WOS:000246790400010 PM 17639219 ER PT J AU Gasana, M Vandebriel, G Kabanda, G Mugabo, J Tsiouris, SJ Ayaba, A Finlay, A Justman, J Sahabo, R El-Sadr, W AF Gasana, Michel Vandebriel, Greet Kabanda, Gaspard Mugabo, Jules Tsiouris, Simon J. Ayaba, Aliou Finlay, Alyssa Justman, Jessica Sahabo, Ruben El-Sadr, Wafaa TI Tuberculosis in Rwanda: challenges to reaching the targets SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Rwanda Minist Hlth, Programme NAtl Integre Lutte Contre Lepre & TB, Kigali, Rwanda. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. Treatment Res AIDS Ctr, Kigali, Romania. Int Ctr AIDS & Treatment Programs, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Kigali, Rwanda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Elminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vandebriel, G (reprint author), Rwanda Minist Hlth, Programme NAtl Integre Lutte Contre Lepre & TB, Kigali, Rwanda. EM gv2124@columbia.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 85 IS 5 BP 383 EP 384 DI 10.2471/BLT.06.036525 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 172FV UT WOS:000246790400016 ER PT J AU Rebbeck, TR Khoury, MJ Potter, JD AF Rebbeck, Timothy R. Khoury, Muin J. Potter, John D. TI Genetic association studies of cancer: Where do we go from here? SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN GENOME EPIDEMIOLOGY; GUIDELINES; VARIANTS; NETWORKS; DISEASES C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat,Abramson Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nalt Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Rebbeck, TR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat,Abramson Canc Ctr, 904 Blockley Hall,423 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM trebbeck@cceb.med.upem.edu OI Potter, John/0000-0001-5439-1500 FU NCI NIH HHS [5 R01 CA097893-02, 5P30 CA016672] NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 864 EP 865 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0289 PG 2 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 170FX UT WOS:000246649200003 PM 17507606 ER PT J AU Darcy, KM Tian, CQ Reed, E AF Darcy, Kathleen M. Tian, Chunqiao Reed, Eddie TI A gynecologic oncology group study of platinum-DNA adducts and excision repair cross-complementation group 1 expression in optimal, stage III epithelial ovarian cancer treated with platinum-taxane chemotherapy SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CELL LUNG-CANCER; FLUOROURACIL CHEMOTHERAPY; INTRAPERITONEAL CISPLATIN; DISEASE RESPONSE; LEUKOCYTE DNA; ERCC1; PACLITAXEL; CARBOPLATIN AB To determine whether platinum-DNA adducts and/or mRNA expression of the excision nuclease excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were associated with clinical outcome in women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), participants that had previously untreated, optimally resected, stage III EOC were randomized to paclitaxel plus cisplatin or carboplatin. DNA and RNA were extracted from PBLs collected 20 to 28 h post-drug infusion. DNA adducts were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. ERCC1 expression was evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR. There were 170 cases fully evaluable for DNA adducts and ERCC1 mRNA expression. Adduct levels ranged from 0.43 to 131 fmol platinum/mu g DNA in 140 samples; and adducts were not detectable in 30 samples. ERCCI mRNA was detectable in 132 samples and undetectable in 38. ERCCI mRNA expression in PBLs was not associated with any clinical end point measured. The presence of detectable versus undetectable adducts was associated with longer median progression-free survival (20.4 versus 15.6 months; P = 0.084) and overall survival (60.3 versus 36.3 months; P = 0.029), respectively. Unadjusted Cox regression modeling indicated a trend toward a reduced risk of disease progression [hazard ratio (HR), 0.686; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.447-1.054; P = 0.086] and a statistically significant reduction in the risk of death (HR, 0.607; 95% CI, 0.385-0.958; P = 0.032) for women with detectable versus undetectable adducts. After adjusting for clinicopathologic variables, detectable adducts were not an independent predictor of progression-free survival or overall survival. The presence of platinum-DNA adducts, but not ERCCI mRNA expression, in PBLs was associated with better survival, but was not an independent predictor of clinical outcome in optimal advanced EOC. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Gynecol Oncol Grp Stat & Data Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Reed, E (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-52, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ereed1@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 37517, CA 27469] NR 43 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 9 BP 4474 EP 4481 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4076 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 165UC UT WOS:000246330300059 PM 17483363 ER PT J AU Pavuk, M Patterson, DG Turner, WE Needham, LL Ketchum, NS AF Pavuk, Marian Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Turner, Wayman E. Needham, Larry L. Ketchum, Norma S. TI Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the serum of US Air Force veterans in 2002 SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE TCDD; PCDDs; PCDFs; PCBs; Vietnam veterans; Agent Orange ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; VIETNAM VETERANS; AGENT-ORANGE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; TCDD; PHARMACOKINETICS; MICHIGAN; EXPOSURE; SEMEN AB We measured levels of PCDDs, PCDFs, non-ortho, and mono-ortho substituted PCBs in 106 US Air Force Vietnam veterans, participants of the Air Force Health Study (AFHS) who attended the final medical examination in 2002. Twelve veterans were Ranch Hands involved in aerial spraying of herbicides in Vietnam (1962-1971), and 94 were Comparisons who flew transport missions in Southeast Asia (SEA) during the same time period. These veterans had no previous 2.3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) measurement because they had not attended any of the previous AFHS examinations, or their previous measurements were missing or not valid. The mean TCDD levels in 2002 were 1.7 pg/g lipid in Comparisons and 5.5 pg/g lipid in Ranch Hands. The mean PCDD toxic equivalent - TEQ (1997) in Comparisons was 12.6 pg/g lipid, 5.4 pg/g lipid for PCDFs, 5.2 pg/g lipid for non-ortho PCBs, and 9.4 pg/g lipid for mono-ortho PCBs, with a total mean TEQ (1997) of 32.6 pg/g lipid. Corresponding mean TEQs in Ranch Hands were 15.5 pg/g lipid for PCDDs, 4.6 pg/g lipid for PCDFs, 2.2 pg/g lipid for non-ortho PCBs, and 9.3 pg/g lipid for mono-ortho PCBs, yielding the total mean TEQ (1997) of 31.6 pg/g lipid. Using the re-evaluated 2005 WHO TEFs, the total mean TEQs (2005) decreased by about 28% in both Comparisons and Ranch Hands, to 23.6 pg/g lipid and 22.8 pg/g lipid, respectively. This was mainly due to changes of TEFs for the group of mono-ortho PCBs, which decreased the mono-ortho PCBs TEQs by almost 90% in both Ranch Hands and Comparisons. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SpecPro Inc, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. AFRL HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Pavuk, M (reprint author), SpecPro Inc, 12500 San Pedro Ave,Suite 670, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. EM mpavuk@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 2007 VL 68 IS 1 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.039 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 168EL UT WOS:000246505800008 PM 17280705 ER PT J AU Caudill, SP Wong, LY Turner, WE Lee, R Henderson, A Patterson, DG AF Caudill, Samuel P. Wong, Lee-Yang Turner, Wayman E. Lee, Robin Henderson, Alden Patterson, Donald G., Jr. TI Percentile estimation using variable censored data SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE cPCB; limit of detection; multiple-imputation; PCDD; PCDF; TCDD ID DATA SETS; DETECTION LIMITS; SAMPLES AB Much progress has been made in recent years to address the estimation of summary statistics, using data that are subject to censoring of results that fall below the limit of detection (LOD) for the measuring instrument. Truncated data methods (e.g., Tobit regression) and multiple-imputation are two approaches for analyzing data results that are below the LOD. To apply these methods requires an assumption about the underlying distribution of the data. Because the log-normal distribution has been shown to fit many data sets obtained from environmental measurements, the common practice is to assume that measurements of environmental factors can be described by log-normal distributions. This article describes methods for obtaining estimates of percentiles and their associated confidence intervals when the results are log-normal and a fraction of the results are below the LOD. We present limited simulations to demonstrate the bias of the proposed estimates and the coverage probability of their associated confidence intervals. Estimation methods are used to generate summary statistics for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) using data from a 2001 background exposure study in which PCDDs/PCDFs/cPCBs in human blood serum were measured in a Louisiana population. Because the congener measurements used in this study were subject to variable LODs, we also present simulation results to demonstrate the effect of variable LODs on the multiple-imputation process. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Reg, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Caudill, SP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SPC1@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 2007 VL 68 IS 1 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.013 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 168EL UT WOS:000246505800020 PM 17267011 ER PT J AU Meyers, T Vesper, HW Scott, D Mendez, M Myers, GL AF Meyers, Tunde Vesper, Hubert W. Scott, Deanna Mendez, Magaly Myers, Gary L. TI Assessing the effects of freezing and diluting specimens on total hemoglobin measurements SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Letter ID SUPPLEMENTATION; RIBOFLAVIN; WOMEN C1 Coodinating Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Meyers, T (reprint author), Coodinating Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, 4770 Buford Hwy NE MS F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM TMeyers@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 380 IS 1-2 BP 235 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2007.02.021 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 170EP UT WOS:000246645500039 PM 17367768 ER PT J AU He, QG Velumani, S Du, QY Lim, CW Ng, FK Donis, R Kwang, J AF He, Qigai Velumani, Sumathy Du, Qingyun Lim, Chee Wee Ng, Fook Kheong Donis, Ruben Kwang, Jimmy TI Detection of H5 avian influenza viruses by antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using H5-specific monoclonal antibody SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE PCR; A VIRUS; INFECTION; EVOLUTION; OUTBREAK; H9N2; FLU AB The unprecedented spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in Asia and Europe is threatening animals and public health systems. Effective diagnosis and control management are needed to control the disease. To this end, we developed a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) and implemented an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) to detect the H5 viral antigen. Mice immunized with denatured hemagglutinin (HA) from A/goose/Guangdong/97 (H5N1) expressed in bacteria or immunized with concentrated H5N2 virus yielded a panel of hybridomas secreting MAbs specific for influenza virus RA. The reactivity of each MAb with several subtypes of influenza virus revealed that hybridomas 3D4 and 8136 specifically recognized H5 HA. Therefore, purified antibodies from hybridomas 3D4 and 8136, which secrete immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM, respectively, were used as the capture antibodies and pooled hyperimmune guinea pig serum IgG served as the detector antibody. The specificity of the optimized AC-ELISA was evaluated by using AIV subtypes H5 H3, H4, H7, H9, and H10. Specimens containing AIV subtype H5 subtype yielded a specific and strong signal above the background, whereas specimens containing all other subtypes yielded background signals. The detection limits of the AC-ELISA were 62.5 ng of bacterium-expressed H5N1 HA1 protein and 124, 62, and 31 50% tissue culture infective doses of influenza virus subtypes H5N1/PR8, H5N2, and H5N3, respectively. Reconstituted clinical samples consisting of H5 AIVs mixed with pharyngeal-tracheal mucus from healthy chickens also yielded positive signals in the AC-ELISA, and the results were confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR. The tracheal swab samples from H9N2-infected chickens did not give positive signals. Taken together, the newly developed MAb-based AC-ELISA offers an attractive alternative to other diagnostic approaches for the specific detection of H5 AIV. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Life Sci Lab, Singapore 117604, Singapore. Agri Food & Vet Author Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kwang, J (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Life Sci Lab, 1 Res Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore. EM kwang@tll.org.sg RI S, Velumani/H-4736-2012 NR 21 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 BP 617 EP 623 DI 10.1128/CVI.00444-06 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 170RN UT WOS:000246681800018 PM 17344345 ER PT J AU Bossarte, RM Brown, MJ Jones, RL AF Bossarte, Robert M. Brown, Mary Jean Jones, Robert L. TI Blood lead misclassification due to defective LeadCare (R) blood lead testing equipment SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID ANALYZER C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan Toxicol & Radionnuclide Labs, Div Lab Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Brown, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS-F40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mjb5@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 53 IS 5 BP 994 EP 995 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2006.082404 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 164QF UT WOS:000246248100033 PM 17468412 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC Moellering, RC AF Tenover, Fred C. Moellering, Robert C., Jr. TI The rationale for revising the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentration interpretive criteria for Staphylococcus aureus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY; HETEROGENEOUSLY RESISTANT; UNITED-STATES; CELL-WALL; GROUP-II; INTERMEDIATE; INFECTIONS; GENE; DAPTOMYCIN; STRAINS AB The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute ( formerly, the NCCLS) established the susceptibility and resistance breakpoints for minimal inhibitory concentration ( MIC) and disk diffusion testing of vancomycin against isolates of Staphylococcus aureus 120 years ago. The disk diffusion breakpoints were modified in 1998 when it was recognized that vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strains were not detected by this method. In 2006, the vancomycin MIC breakpoints for S. aureus were lowered (from <= 4 mu g/mL to <= 2 mg/mL for "susceptible," from 8-16 mu g/mL to 4-8 mu g/mL for " intermediate," and from >= 32 mu g/mL to > 16 mu g/mL for " resistant") to increase detection of heterogeneously resistant isolates of S. aureus. This decision reflected a growing amount of microbiological and clinical data indicating that isolates of S. aureus are less likely to respond to vancomycin therapy when the vancomycin MICs are >= 4 mu g/mL. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, G-08,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fnt1@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 262 Z9 279 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 9 BP 1208 EP 1215 DI 10.1086/513203 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 153AZ UT WOS:000245405400012 PM 17407040 ER PT J AU Persson, S Olsen, KEP Scheutz, F Krogfelt, KA Gerner-Smidt, P AF Persson, S. Olsen, K. E. P. Scheutz, F. Krogfelt, K. A. Gerner-Smidt, P. TI A method for fast and simple detection of major diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in the routine diagnostic laboratory SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE detection; diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli; EIEC; EPEC; ETEC; multiplex PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE DNA PROBES; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; STOOL SAMPLES; TOXIN GENES; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; FECES AB A multiplex PCR was developed for the detection of the following genes characteristic of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC): verocytotoxins 1 (vtx1) and 2 (vtx2), characteristic of verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC); intimin (eae), found in enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), attaching and effacing E. coli and VTEC; heat-stable enterotoxin (estA) and heat-labile enterotoxin (eltA), characteristic of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); and invasive plasmid antigen (ipaH), characteristic of enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and Shigella spp. The method allowed the simultaneous identification of all six genes in one reaction, and included a 16S rDNA internal PCR control. When applied to pure cultures from a reference strain collection, all virulence genes in 124 different DEC strains and 15 Shigella spp. were identified correctly, and there were no cross-reactions with 13 non-E. coli species. The detection limit of the method was 10(2)-10(3) DEC CFU/PCR in the presence of 10(6) non-target cells. When the multiplex PCR was tested with colonies from plate cultures of clinical stool samples, it was a faster, more sensitive, less expensive and less laborious diagnostic procedure than DNA hybridisation. When used with DNA purified from spiked stool samples (by two different commercial kits), the method had a detection limit of 10(6) CFU/mL stool sample. C1 Statens Serum Inst, Unit Gastrointestinal Infect, Natl Reference Lab Enteropathogen Bactiria, Dept Bacteriol Mycol & Parasitol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Persson, S (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Unit Gastrointestinal Infect, Natl Reference Lab Enteropathogen Bactiria, Dept Bacteriol Mycol & Parasitol, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM SPN@ssi.dk RI Krogfelt , Karen Angeliki/O-8145-2016; OI Krogfelt , Karen Angeliki/0000-0001-7536-3453; Scheutz, Flemming/0000-0002-3931-4846 NR 56 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 516 EP 524 DI 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01692.x PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 152XT UT WOS:000245396300009 PM 17331124 ER PT J AU Plotinsky, RN Talbot, EA Kellenberg, JE Reef, SE Buseman, SK Wright, KD Modlin, JF AF Plotinsky, Rachel N. Talbot, Elizabeth A. Kellenberg, Joan E. Reef, Susan E. Buseman, Sandra K. Wright, Karen D. Modlin, John F. TI Congenital Rubella syndrome in a child born to Liberian refugees: Clinical and public health perspectives SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE congenital rubella syndrome; refugee; vaccination AB We describe a case of congenital rubella syndrome with typical stigmata in an infant born in New Hampshire to Liberian refugees. The infant's clinical specimens were tested for rubella. Rubella immunity status was sought for contacts. The infant's specimen cultures grew wild-type rubella virus; serum immunoglobulin M and G were positive. Eighteen of 20 contacts were rubella-immune. Family's transit history, mother's vaccination history, and infant's estimated gestational age supported congenital infection acquired overseas. Clinicians should maintain vigilance for congenital rubella syndrome in infants with relevant stigmata, particularly those whose mothers are from countries with nonexistent or recently implemented rubella vaccination programs. C1 Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Concord, NH USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Hanover, NH USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. Manchester Hlth Dept, Manchester, NH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Talbot, EA (reprint author), 29 Hazen Dr, Concord, NH 03301 USA. EM eatalbot@dhhs.state.nh.us NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1017/0009922806293915 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 159KR UT WOS:000245865100013 PM 17475995 ER PT J AU Conwell, DS Mosher, A Khan, A Tapy, J Sandman, L Vernon, A Horsburgh, CR AF Conwell, Donna Sepulveda Mosher, Ann Khan, Awal Tapy, Jan Sandman, Laurie Vernon, Andrew Horsburgh, C. Robert, Jr. CA Tuberculosis Trials Consortium TI Factors associated with loss to follow-up in a large tuberculosis treatment trial (TBTC Study 22) SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE loss to follow-up; tuberculosis; retention in clinical trials; attrition in clinical trials ID MULTICENTER CLINICAL-TRIAL; RETENTION; RECRUITMENT; HIV; PREVENTION; INFECTION; THERAPY; ADULTS; WOMEN AB Introduction: Loss to follow-up in clinical trials compromises achievement of study goals. We evaluated factors associated with loss to follow-up after completion of treatment phase in a large tuberculosis treatment trial (TBTC/USPHS Study 22) in the U.S. and Canada. Methods: Patients who were lost to follow-up were compared to those who reached a study end-point or successfully completed follow-up. A generalized estimating equation model was used to combine patient-specific and site-specific factors. Results: Of 1075 patients enrolled, 965 (89.8%) reached a study end-point, died, or completed the 2 year post-treatment follow-up phase, and 110 (10.2%) did not. Multivariate analysis showed the following factors to be independently associated with loss to follow-up: birth outside USA/Canada (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.25-3.40, p=0.005), history of homelessness (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.003.80, p = 0.05), enrollment at a health department (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.27-5.79, p = 0.0 10), and use of any kind of incentive (cash/ cash equivalent) during treatment phase (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.73-5.33 p=0.0001). Conclusions: Cultural or linguistic factors and lack of stable housing contribute to loss to follow-up. Attention to these factors could improve long-term retention in clinical trials. Enrollment at a health department and use of incentives during treatment phase may be markers for other factors leading to loss to follow-up. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect 151B, Washington, DC 20422 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Denver Hlth & Hosp, Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. NYU, Sch Med, Bellevue Hosp, New York, NY USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Conwell, DS (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect 151B, 50 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA. EM donna.sepulveda@med.va.gov OI Horsburgh, C./0000-0001-6838-7895 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD MAY PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 288 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2006.09.003 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 152DA UT WOS:000245339800008 PM 17107825 ER PT J AU Swenson, JM Lonsway, D McAllister, S Thompson, A Jevitt, L Zhu, WM Patel, JB AF Swenson, Jana M. Lonsway, David McAllister, Sigrid Thompson, Angela Jevitt, Laura Zhu, Wenming Patel, Jean B. TI Detection of mecA-mediated resistance using reference and commercial testing methods in a collection of Staphylococcus aureus expressing borderline oxacillin MICs SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY DEC 16-19, 2005 CL Washington, DC DE cefoxitin; mecA; Staphylococcus aureus; oxacillin ID LEVEL METHICILLIN RESISTANCE; PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEIN; LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; DISK DIFFUSION METHOD; 30 MU-G; BETA-LACTAMASE; CHROMAGAR MRSA; AGAR MEDIUM; CEFOXITIN; GENE AB Phenotypic methods for detecting mecA-mediated resistance in Sfapkvlococcus aureus include both oxacillin and cefoxitin susceptibility tests; many laboratories perform multiple tests. Conflicting oxacillin and cefoxitin susceptibility results are most likely to occur for isolates that either have reduced susceptibility to oxacillin by a non-mecA-mediated mechanism or are mecA positive but are very heteroresistant. To understand the performance of oxacillin and cefoxitin tests for such isolates, we tested 135 S. aureus isolates using either cefoxitin or oxacillin and compared the results with mecA polymerase chain reaction. These strains either expressed borderline oxacillin MICs (1-4 mu g/mL) and had undetermined mecA status or were mecA positive but were not detected by oxacillin broth microdilution (BMD) or disk diffusion (DD) in original testing. For 24-h readings, performance of cefoxitin tests (sensitivity/specificity) were DD (99/100), Etest using <= 6 mu g/mL as susceptible (99/98), and Phoenix MIC using <= 4 mu g/mL as susceptible (98/100). Using 6 mu g/mL of cefoxitin as a screen test in both MOD and agar dilution also worked well (98/98-100). Sensitivity/specificity of oxacillin methods were oxacillin agar screen (BBL: 80/86,- Remel, Lenexa, KS: 85/50), DD (91/59), BMD (85/88), MicroScan (89/96), VITEK Legacy (82/93), VITEK 2 (91/73), and Phoenix, (67/96), These results suggest that a cefoxitin test can be used alone to predict niecA-mediated resistance in S. allreus. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swenson, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jswenson@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 58 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.10.022 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 171PN UT WOS:000246748000005 PM 17240109 ER PT J AU Cummings, KJ Cox-Ganser, J Riggs, MA Edwards, N Kreiss, K AF Cummings, Kristin J. Cox-Ganser, Jean Riggs, Margaret A. Edwards, Nicole Kreiss, Kathleen TI Respirator donning in post-hurricane New Orleans SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FACIAL HAIR; FIT TEST; INFLUENZA; TRANSMISSION AB We evaluated correctness of N95 filtering facepiece respirator donning by the public, in post-hurricane New Orleans, where respirators were recommended for mold remediation. We randomly selected, interviewed, and observed 538 participants, using multiple logistic regression for analysis. Only 129 (24%) participants demonstrated proper donning. Errors included nose clip not tightened (71%) and straps incorrectly placed (52%); 22% put on the respirator upside down. Factors independently associated with proper donning were as follows: ever having used a mask or respirator (odds ratio [OR] 5.28; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.79-22.64), ever having had a respirator fit test (OR 4.40; 95% Cl, 2.52-7.81); being male (OR 2.44; 95% Cl, 1.50-4.03); Caucasian race (OR 2.09; 95% Cl, 1.32-3.33); having a certified respirator (OR 1.99, 95% Cl, 1.20-3.28); and having participated in mold clean-up (OR 1.82; 95% Cl,1.00-3.41). Interventions to improve respirator donning should be considered in planning for influenza epidemics and disasters. C1 NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Cummings, KJ (reprint author), NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mailstop 2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM cvx5@cdc.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 700 EP 707 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 164DD UT WOS:000246212400004 PM 17553247 ER PT J AU Amman, BR Pavlin, BI Albarino, CG Comer, JA Erickson, BR Oliver, JB Sealy, TK Vincent, MJ Nichol, ST Paddock, CD Tumpey, AJ Wagoner, KD Glauer, RD Smith, KA Winpisinger, KA Parsely, MS Wyrick, P Hannafin, CH Bandy, U Zaki, S Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG AF Amman, Brian R. Pavlin, Boris I. Albarino, Cesar G. Comer, James A. Erickson, Bobbie R. Oliver, Jennifer B. Sealy, Tara K. Vincent, Martin J. Nichol, Stuart T. Paddock, Christopher D. Tumpey, Abbigail J. Wagoner, Kent D. Glauer, R. David Smith, Kathleen A. Winpisinger, Kim A. Parsely, Melody S. Wyrick, Phil Hannafin, Christopher H. Bandy, Utpala Zaki, Sherif Rollin, Pierre E. Ksiazek, Thomas G. TI Pet rodents and fatal lymphocytic choriomeningitis in transplant patients SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; HAMSTER AB In April 2005, 4 transplant recipients became ill after receiving organs infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV); 3 subsequently died. All organs came from a donor who had been exposed to a hamster infected with LCMV. The hamster was traced back through a Rhode Island pet store to a distribution center in Ohio, and more LCMV-infected hamsters were discovered in both. Rodents from the Ohio facility and its parent facility in Arkansas were tested for the same LCMV strain as the 1 involved in the transplant-associated deaths. Phylogenetic analysis of virus sequences linked the rodents from the Ohio facility to the Rhode Island pet store, the index hamster, and the transplant recipients. This report details the animal trace-back and the supporting laboratory investigations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ohio Dept Agr, Reynoldsburg, OH USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Little Rock, AR USA. Arkansas Dept Agr, Little Rock, AR USA. Rhode Isl Dept Environm Management, Providence, RI USA. Rhode Isl Dept Publ Hlth, Providence, RI USA. RP Amman, BR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop A26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bamman@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 719 EP 725 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 164DD UT WOS:000246212400007 PM 17553250 ER PT J AU Aarestrup, FM Hendriksen, RS Lockett, J Gay, K Teates, K McDermott, PF White, DG Hasman, H Sorensen, G Bangtrakulnonth, A Pornreongwong, S Pulsrikarn, C Angulo, FJ Gerner-Smidt, P AF Aarestrup, Frank M. Hendriksen, Rene S. Lockett, Jana Gay, Katie Teates, Kathryn McDermott, Patrick F. White, David G. Hasman, Henrik Sorensen, Gitte Bangtrakulnonth, Aroon Pornreongwong, Srirat Pulsrikarn, Chaiwat Angulo, Frederick J. Gerner-Smidt, Peter TI International spread of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Schwarzengrund in food products SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE CHOLERAESUIS; UNITED-STATES; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; TYPHIMURIUM; HUMANS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; ENGLAND AB We compared 581 Salmonella enterica serotype Schwarzengrund isolates from persons, food, and food animals in Denmark, Thailand, and the United States by antimicrobial drug susceptibility and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. Resistance, including resistance to nalidixic acid, was frequent among isolates from persons and chickens in Thailand, persons in the United States, and food imported from Thailand to Denmark and the United States. A total of 183 PFGE patterns were observed, and 136 (23.4%) isolates had the 3 most common patterns. Seven of 14 isolates from persons in Denmark had patterns found in persons and chicken meat in Thailand; 22 of 390 human isolates from the United States had patterns found in Denmark and Thailand. This study suggests spread of multidrug-resistant S. Schwarzengrund from chickens to persons in Thailand, and from imported Thai food products to persons in Denmark and the United States. C1 Natl Food Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Laurel, MD USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. State Serum Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Aarestrup, FM (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Food Inst, Bulowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark. EM faa@food.dtu.dk NR 38 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 726 EP 731 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 164DD UT WOS:000246212400008 PM 17553251 ER PT J AU Sumner, JW Durden, LA Goddard, J Stromdahl, EY Clark, KL Reeves, WK Paddock, CD AF Sumner, John W. Durden, Lance A. Goddard, Jerome Stromdahl, Ellen Y. Clark, Kerry L. Reeves, Will K. Paddock, Christopher D. TI Gulf Coast Ticks (Amblyomma maculatum) and Rickettsia parkeri, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED-FEVER; INFECTION AB Geographic distribution of Rickettsia parkeri in its US tick vector, Amblyomma maculatum, was evaluated by PCR. R. parkeri was detected in ticks from Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and South Carolina, which suggests that A. maculatum may be responsible for additional cases of R. parkeri rickettsiosis throughout much of its US range. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia So Univ, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Mississppi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Mailstop G32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdp9@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 11 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 751 EP 753 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 164DD UT WOS:000246212400014 PM 17553257 ER PT J AU Lanciotti, RS Kosoy, OL Laven, JJ Panella, AJ Velez, JO Lambert, AJ Campbell, GL AF Lanciotti, Robert S. Kosoy, Olga L. Laven, Janeen J. Panella, Amanda J. Velez, Jason O. Lambert, Amy J. Campbell, Grant L. TI Chikungunya virus in US travelers returning from India, 2006 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; AEGYPTI AB Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquitoborne alpha-virus, is endemic in Africa and Asia. In 2005-2006, CHIKV epidemics were reported in islands in the Indian Ocean and in southern India. We present data on laboratory-confirmed CHIKV infections among travelers returning from India to the United States during 2006. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diagnost & Reference Lab, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Lanciotti, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diagnost & Reference Lab, Arbovirus Dis Branch, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM rsl2@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 136 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 764 EP 767 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 164DD UT WOS:000246212400018 PM 17553261 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Protect me, Lord, from oil, from walter, from fire, and from ants and save me from failing into the hands of fools SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT News Item C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 812 EP 813 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 164DD UT WOS:000246212400042 ER PT J AU Mueller, BA Kuehn, CM Shapiro-Mendoza, CK Tomashek, KM AF Mueller, Beth A. Kuehn, Carrie M. Shapiro-Mendoza, Carrie K. Tomashek, Kay M. TI Fetal deaths and proximity to hazardous waste sites in Washington State SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE birth certificates; environmental exposures; fetal death; fetal death certificates; pesticides ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; RESIDENTIAL PROXIMITY; LANDFILL SITES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC LITERATURE; PESTICIDE EXPOSURES; SUPERFUND SITE; RISK AB BACKGROUND: The in utero period is one of increased susceptibility to environmental effects. The effects of prenatal exposure to environmental toxicants on various adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal death, are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: We examined the risk of fetal. death in relation to maternal residential proximity to hazardous waste sites. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study using Washington State vital records for 1987-2001. Cases were women with fetal deaths at >= 20 weeks (n = 7,054). Ten controls per case were randomly selected from live births. Locations of 939 hazardous waste sites were identified from the Department of Ecology registry. We measured distance from maternal residence at delivery to the nearest hazardous waste Site, and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The risk of fetal death for women residing <= 0.5 miles, relative to > 5 miles, from a hazardous waste site was not increased (adjusted OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.90-1.25). No associations were were observed for any proximity categories <= 5 miles from sites with contaminated air, soil, water solvents, or metals; however, fetal death risk increased among women residing 5 1 mile from pesticide-containing sites (OR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13-1.46). CONCLUSION: These results do not suggest that fetal death is associated with residential proximity to hazardous waste sites overall; however, close proximity to pesticide-containing sites may increase the risk of fetal death. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mueller, BA (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1100 Fairview Ave N,M4-C308, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM bmueller@fhcrc.org FU PHS HHS [U60CCU007277-13] NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 776 EP 780 DI 10.1289/ehp.9750 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900039 PM 17520067 ER PT J AU Calvert, GM Alarcon, WA Chelminski, A Crowley, MS Barrett, R Correa, A Higgins, S Leon, HL Correia, J Becker, A Allen, RH Evans, E AF Calvert, Geoffrey M. Alarcon, Walter A. Chelminski, Ann Crowley, Mark S. Barrett, Rosanna Correa, Adolfo Higgins, Sheila Leon, Hugo L. Correia, Jane Becker, Alan Allen, Ruth H. Evans, Elizabeth TI Case report: Three farmworkers who gave birth to infants with birth defects closely grouped in time and place - Florida and North Carolina, 2004-2005 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE congenital abnormalities; ectromelial farmworkers; fungicides; Goldenhar Syndrome; insecticides; micrognathism; pesticides; prevention and control; toxicity ID EXPOSURE; RISK AB CONTEXT: There is little evidence linking adverse reproductive effects to exposure to specific pesticides during pregnancy. CASE PRESENTATION: In February 2005, three infants with congenital anomalies were identified in Collier County, Florida, who were born within 8 weeks of one another and whose mothers worked for the same tomato grower. The mothers worked on the grower's Florida farms in 2004 before transferring to its North Carolina farms. All three worked during the period of organogenesis in fields recently treated with several pesticides. The Florida and North Carolina farms were inspected by regulatory agencies, and in each state a large number of violations were identified and record fines were levied. DISCUSSION: Despite the suggestive evidence, a causal link could not be established between pesticide exposures and the birth defects in the three infants. Nonetheless, the prenatal pesticide exposures experienced by the mothers of the three infants is cause for concern. Farmworkers need greater protections against pesticides. These include increased efforts to publicize and comply with both the U.S. Environmental Protections Agency's Worker Protection Standard and pesticide label requirements, enhanced procedures to ensure pesticide applicator competency, and recommendations to growers to adopt work practices to reduce pesticide exposures. RELEVANCE TO PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE: The findings from this report reinforce the need to reduce pesticide exposures among farmworkers. In addition, they support the need for epidemologic studies to examine the role of pesticide exposure in the etiology of congenital anomalies. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. Collier Cty Hlth Dept, Naples, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Def & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM jac6@CDC.GOV RI Alarcon, Walter/C-4470-2008 OI Alarcon, Walter/0000-0002-4907-4380 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 787 EP 791 DI 10.1289/ehp.9647 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900041 PM 17520069 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Marks, AR Bradman, A Harley, K Barr, DB Johnson, C Morga, N Jewell, NA AF Eskenazi, Brenda Marks, Amy R. Bradman, Asa Harley, Kim Barr, Dana B. Johnson, Caroline Morga, Norma Jewell, Nicholas A. TI Organophosphate pesticide exposure and neurodevelopment in young Mexican-American children SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE Bayley Scales of Infant Development; Child Behavior Checklist; DAPs; farmworker; Mexican Americans; neurodevelopment; organophosphates; pervasive developmental disorder; pesticides ID DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; US POPULATION; FETAL-GROWTH; HUMAN URINE; ASSOCIATION; PREGNANCY; BIOMARKERS; GESTATION; NEWBORNS AB BACKGROUND: Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are widely used in agriculture and homes. Animal studies suggest that even moderate doses are neurodevelopmental toxicants, but there are few studies in humans. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship of prenatal and child OP urinary metabolite levels with children's neurodevelopment. METHODS: Participating children were From a longitudinal birth cohort of primarily Latino farm-worker families in California. We measured six nonspecific diatkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites in maternal and child urine as well as metabolites specific to malathion (MDA) and chlorpyrifos (TCP gamma) in maternal urine. We examined their association with children's performance at 6 (n = 396), 12 (n = 395), and 24 (n = 372) months of age on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development [Mental Development (MDI) and Psychomotor Development (PDI) Indices] and mother's report on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (n = 356). RESULTS: Generally, pregnancy DAP levels were negatively associated with MDI, but child measures were positively associated. At 24 months of age, these associations reached statistical significance [per 10-fold increase in prenatal DAPs: P = -3.5 points; 95% confidence interval (CI), -6.6 to -0.5; child DAPs: beta = 2.4 points; 95% CI, 0.5 to 4.2]. Neither prenatal nor child DAPs were associated with PDI or CBCL attention problems, but both prenatal and postnatal DAPs were associated with risk of pervasive developmental disorder [per 10-fold increase in prenatal DAPs: odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, p = 0.05; child DAPs OR = 1.7, p = 0.04]. MDA and TCPy were not associated with any outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We report adverse associations of prenatal DAPs with mental development and pervasive developmental problems at 24 months of age. Results should be interpreted with caution given the observed positive relationship with postnatal DAPs. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Clin Salud Valle Salinas, Ctr Hlth Assessment Mothers & Children Salinas, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eskenazi@berkeley.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Marks, Amy/0000-0002-3047-5379 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009605]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH007400] NR 46 TC 294 Z9 296 U1 3 U2 65 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 792 EP 798 DI 10.1289/ehp.9828 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900042 PM 17520070 ER PT J AU Menzie, CA MacDonell, MM Mumtaz, M AF Menzie, Charles A. MacDonell, Margaret M. Mumtaz, Moiz TI A phased approach for assessing combined effects from multiple stressors SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE combined effects; cumulative risk assessment; GIS; multiple stressors; phased approach; stressor identification ID ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENTS; CONCEPTUAL MODELS; DISEASE; ENVIRONMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; MIXTURES AB We present a phased approach for evaluating the effects of physical, biological, chemical, and psychosocial stressors that may act in combination. Although a phased concept is common to many risk-based approaches, it has not been explicitly outlined for the assessment of combined effects of multiple stressors. The approach begins with the development of appropriate conceptual models and assessment end points. The approach then proceeds through a screening stage wherein stressors are evaluated with respect to their potential importance as contributors to risk. Stressors are considered individually or as a combination of independent factors with respect to one or more common assessment end points. As necessary, the approach then proceeds to consider interactions among stressors. We make a distinction between applications that begin with effects of concern (effects based) or with specific stressors (stressor based). We describe a number of tools for use within the phased approach. The methods profiled are ones that have been applied to yield results that can be communicated to a wide audience. The latter characteristic is considered especially important because multiple stressor problems usually involve exposures to communities or to ecologic regions with many stakeholders. Key words: combined effects, cumulative risk assessment, GIS, multiple stressors, phased approach, stressor identification. Environ Health Perspect 115:807-816 (2007). C1 Exponent Inc, Winchester, MA 01890 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Menzie, CA (reprint author), Exponent Inc, 8 Winchester Pl,Suite 303, Winchester, MA 01890 USA. EM camenzie@exponent.com NR 58 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 807 EP 816 DI 10.1289/ehp.9331 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900044 PM 17520072 ER PT J AU Whelan, EA Lawson, CC Grajewski, B Hibert, EN Spiegelman, D Rich-Edwards, JW AF Whelan, Elizabeth A. Lawson, Christina C. Grajewski, Barbara Hibert, Eileen N. Spiegelman, Donna Rich-Edwards, Janet W. TI Work schedule during pregnancy and spontaneous abortion SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL EXERTION; BREAST-CANCER; SHIFT WORK; NIGHT; RISK; HEALTH; WOMEN; LONG; INTERVIEW; MELATONIN AB Background: There is inconsistent evidence as to whether work schedule (including rotating shifts and night work) can affect reproductive outcomes. Methods: We investigated the association between work schedule and risk of spontaneous abortion in U.S. nurses. The Nurses' Health Study 11 is a prospective cohort study established in 1989. In 2001, information about occupational activities and exposures during pregnancy was collected from female nurses for the most recent pregnancy since 1993. Of 11,178 eligible respondents, 9547 (85%) indicated willingness to participate in the occupational study, and 8461 of those (89%) returned the questionnaire, for an overall participation rate of 76%. Of these, 7688 women had pregnancies that were eligible for analysis. Results: Participants reported 6902 live births and 786 (10%) spontaneous abortions. Compared with women who reported usually working "days only" during their first trimester, women who reported usually working "nights only" had a 60% increased risk of spontaneous abortion (RR = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-1.9). A rotating schedule, with or without night shifts, was not associated with an increase in risk (RR = 1.2 [CI = 0.9-1.5] and 1.0 [CI = 0.8-1.2], respectively). Women who reported working more than 40 hours per week during the first trimester were also at increased risk of spontaneous abortion (1.5; 1.3-1.7) compared with women working 21-40 hours, even after adjustment for work schedule, Conclusions: Nightwork and long work hours may be associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. Further studies are needed to determine whether hormonal disturbances attributed to night work affect pregnancy outcome. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Connors Ctr Womens Hlth & Gender Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Lawson, CC (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Parkway,R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM clawson@cdc.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [CA50385] NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 350 EP 355 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000259988.77314.a4 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 161DA UT WOS:000245993300009 PM 17435444 ER PT J AU Khetsuriani, N Holman, RC Lamonte-Fowlkes, AC Selik, RM Anderson, LJ AF Khetsuriani, N. Holman, R. C. Lamonte-Fowlkes, A. C. Selik, R. M. Anderson, L. J. TI Trends in encephalitis-associated deaths in the United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS; VIRUS; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; ADULTS AB The United States national mortality statistics and HIV/AIDS surveillance data were analysed to determine trends in encephalitis-associated deaths and to assess the impact of HIV infection on those deaths during 1979-1998, a period when ICD-9 codes were used for coding deaths in the United States. A total of 25 125 encephalitis deaths were reported; 4779 of them (19 %) had concurrent HIV infection. Overall encephalitis death rates remained stable, but they increased for groups where HIV infection was common and declined or remained unchanged for others. For persons without HIV infection, the rates declined in all demographic groups. Encephalitis deaths in HIV-Infected persons followed general trends for HIV deaths in the United States. The rates in the HIV-infected population were several hundred- to thousand-fold higher than in the HIV-uninfected population. HIV infection was largely responsible for the lack of overall decline in the considerable mortality associated with encephalitis in the United States during 1979-1998. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khetsuriani, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nkhetsuriani@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 135 IS 4 BP 583 EP 591 DI 10.1017/S0950268806007163 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 173EO UT WOS:000246856500008 PM 16938142 ER PT J AU Driver, CR Kreiswirth, B MaCaraig, M Clark, C Munsiff, SS Driscoll, J Zhao, B AF Driver, C. R. Kreiswirth, B. MaCaraig, M. Clark, C. Munsiff, S. S. Driscoll, J. Zhao, B. TI Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis after declining incidence, New York City, 2001-2003 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; CONTROL PROGRAM; OUTBREAK; STRAIN; PATTERNS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Tuberculosis incidence in New York City (NYC) declined between 1992 and 2000 from 51 center dot 1 to 16 center dot 6 cases per 100000 population. In January 2001, universal real-time genotyping of TB cases was implemented in NYC. Isolates from culture-confirmed tuberculosis cases from 2001 to 2003 were genotyped using IS6110 and spoligotype to describe the extent and factors associated with genotype clustering after declining TB incidence. Of 2408 (91 center dot 8 %,,) genotyped case Isolates, 873 (36 center dot 2 %) had a pattern indistinguishable from that of another study period case, forming 212 clusters; 248 (28 center dot 4 %) of the clustered cases had strains believed to have been widely transmitted during the epidemic years in the early 1990s in NYC. An estimated 27 center dot 4 % (873 minus 212) of the 2408 cases were due to recent infection that progressed to active disease during the study period. Younger age, birth in the United States, homelessness, substance abuse and presence of TB symptoms were independently associated with greater odds of clustering. C1 Bur TB Control, New York State Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Epidemiol Off, New York, NY 10007 USA. Publ Hlth Res Inst, Newark, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. RP Driver, CR (reprint author), Bur TB Control, New York State Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Epidemiol Off, 225 Broadway,22nd Floor, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM cdriver@health.nyc.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 135 IS 4 BP 634 EP 643 DI 10.1017/S0950268806007278 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 173EO UT WOS:000246856500013 PM 17064454 ER PT J AU Afifi, S Wasfy, MO Azab, MA Youssef, FG Pimentel, G Graham, TW Mansour, H Elsayed, N Earhart, K Hajjeh, R Mahoney, F AF Afifi, S. Wasfy, M. O. Azab, M. A. Youssef, F. G. Pimentel, G. Graham, T. W. Mansour, H. Elsayed, N. Earhart, K. Hajjeh, R. Mahoney, F. TI Laboratory-based surveillance of patients with bacterial meningitis in Egypt (1998-2004) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; LONG-TERM SEQUELAE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; MENINGOCOCCAL-DISEASE; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS; REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY; SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION AB Laboratory-based surveillance for bacterial meningitis was conducted in a network of infectious disease hospitals in Egypt to better understand the epidemiology of this infection. Healthcare and laboratory personnel were trained in basic surveillance and microbiologic processing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. All bacterial isolates from CSF were confirmed and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. PCR testing was performed on a random subset of purulent, culture-negative CSF specimens. Of 11,070 patients who met criteria for the case definition, 843 (8%) were culture positive (42% positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae, 20% for Haemophilus influenzae serotype b, 17% for each of Neisseria meningitidis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 6% for other bacteria). Of 1,784 (46%) CSF specimens tested by PCR, 232 (13%) were positive for the first three major pathogens. Of N. meningitidis isolates, 52% belonged to serogroup A, 35% to serogroup B, and 4% to serogroup W135. S. pneumoniae isolates comprised 46 different serotypes, of which 6B, 1, 19A, 23F, and 6A were the most predominant. The overall case-fatality rate for culture-positive cases was 26% and was highest among patients with M. tuberculosis (47%). Factors significantly associated with death (p < 0.05) included admission to rural hospitals, long prodromal period, referral from other hospitals, antibiotic treatment prior to admission, and clear CSF (< 100 cells/mm(3)). Susceptibility to ampicillin and ceftriaxone was observed in 44 and 100% of H. influenzae serotype b isolates and in 52 and 94% of S. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. This surveillance highlights the significant mortality and morbidity associated with bacterial meningitis in Egypt. Decision makers need to review current treatment guidelines and introduce appropriate vaccines for prevention and control of the disease. C1 USN, Dis Suveillance Program, Med Res Unit 3, FPO, AE 09835 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Woodbridge, VA 22192 USA. Diagsera, Vacsera, Giza, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. DBMD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, EMRO, Cairo, Egypt. RP Afifi, S (reprint author), USN, Dis Suveillance Program, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM afifis@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s10096-007-0280-x PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 164HL UT WOS:000246224200004 PM 17404766 ER PT J AU Niska, RW Burt, CW AF Niska, Richard W. Burt, Catharine W. TI Terrorism preparedness: Have office-based physicians been trained? SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Association-of-American-Medical-College-Physican Workforce Research Conference CY 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Assoc Amer Med Coll Phys AB Background and Objectives: Terrorism may have a severe impact on physicians practices. We examined terrorism preparedness training of office physicians. Methods: The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey uses a nationally representative multi-stage sampling design. In 2003 and 2004, physicians were asked if they had received training in six Category-A viral and bacterial diseases and chemical and radiological exposures. Differences were examined by age, degree, specialty, region, urbanicity, and managed care involvement. Chi-squares, t tests, and logistic regressions were performed in SUDAAN-9.0, with univariate significance at P<.05 and multivariate significance within 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of 3,968 physicians, 56.3% responded. Forty-two percent were trained in at least one exposure. Primary care specialists were more likely than surgeons to be trained for all exposures. Medical specialists were more likely than surgeons to be trained for smallpox, anthrax, and plague. physicians ages 55-69 years were less likely than those in their 30s to be trained for smallpox, anthrax, and chemical exposures. Managed care physicians were more likely to be trained for all exposures except botulism, tularemia, and hemorrgagic fever. Conclusions: Terrorism training frequencies were low, although primary care and managed care physicians reported more training than their counterparts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Niska, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3319, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rniska@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 5 BP 357 EP 365 PG 9 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 186RZ UT WOS:000247797100011 PM 17476610 ER PT J AU Ogden, CL Yanovski, SZ Carroll, MD Flegal, KM AF Ogden, Cynthia L. Yanovski, Susan Z. Carroll, Margaret D. Flegal, Katherine M. TI The epidemiology of obesity SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Review ID BODY-MASS-INDEX; FATTY LIVER-DISEASE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; METABOLIC SYNDROME PHENOTYPE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; SELF-REPORTED WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES AB In the United States, obesity among adults and overweight among children and adolescents have increased markedly since 1980. Among adults, obesity is defined as a body mass index of 30 or greater. Among children and adolescents, overweight is defined as a body mass index for age at or above the 95th percentile of a specified reference population. In 2003-2004, 32.9% of adults 20-74 years old were obese and more than 17% of teenagers (age, 12-19 y) were overweight. Obesity varies by age and sex, and by race-ethnic group among adult women. A higher body weight is associated with an increased incidence of a number of conditions, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and with an increased risk of disability. Obesity is associated with a modestly increased risk of all-cause mortality. However, the net effect of overweight and obesity on morbidity and mortality is difficult to quantify. It is likely that a gene-environment interaction, in which genetically susceptible individuals respond to an environment with increased availability of palatable energy-dense foods and reduced opportunities for energy expenditure, contributes to the current high prevalence of obesity. Evidence suggests that even without reaching an ideal weight, a moderate amount of weight loss can be beneficial in terms of reducing levels of some risk factors, such as blood pressure. Many studies of dietary and behavioral treatments, however, have shown that maintenance of weight loss is difficult. The social and economic costs of obesity and of attempts to prevent or to treat obesity are high. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ogden, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4414, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM COgden@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 163 TC 731 Z9 769 U1 23 U2 157 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 132 IS 6 BP 2087 EP 2102 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.052 PG 16 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 166UA UT WOS:000246404700002 PM 17498505 ER PT J AU Lieberman, D Nadel, M Smith, RA Atkin, W Duggirala, SB Fletcher, R Glick, SN Johnson, CD Levin, TR Pope, JB Potter, MB Ransohoff, D Rex, D Schoen, R Schroy, P Winawer, S AF Lieberman, David Nadel, Marion Smith, Robert A. Atkin, Wendy Duggirala, Subash B. Fletcher, Robert Glick, Seth N. Johnson, C. Daniel Levin, Theodore R. Pope, John B. Potter, Michael B. Ransohoff, David Rex, Douglas Schoen, Robert Schroy, Paul Winawer, Sidney TI Standardized colonoscopy reporting and data system: report of the Quality Assurance Task Group of the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article ID FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY; ASA CLASSIFICATION; ADENOMA DETECTION; CT COLONOGRAPHY; AVERAGE-RISK; SURVEILLANCE; POLYPECTOMY; GUIDELINES; SOCIETY; UPDATE AB Background: Standardized reporting systems for diagnostic and screening tests facilitate quality improvement programs and clear communication among health care providers. Although colonoscopy is commonly used for screening, diagnosis, and therapy, no standardized reporting system for this procedure currently exists. The Quality Assurance Task Group of the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable developed a reporting and data system for colonoscopy based on continuous quality improvement indicators. Design: The Task Group systematically reviewed quality indicators recommended by the Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer and developed consensus-based terminology for reporting and data systems to capture these data elements. The Task Group included experts in several disciplines: gastroenterology, primary care, diagnostic imaging, and health care delivery. Results and Conclusions: The standardized colonoscopy reporting and data system provides a tool that can be used for efforts in continuous quality improvement within and across practices that use colonoscopy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Medicare Serv, Chron Care Policy Grp, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Medicaid Serv, Chron Care Policy Grp, Baltimore, MD USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Epidemiol & Social Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Penn, Penn Presbyterian Med Ctr, Dept Med Imaging, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Rochester, MN USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family Med, Shreveport, LA 71105 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Gastroenterol Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Gastroenterol & Nutr, New York, NY 10021 USA. St Marks Hosp, Canc Res UK, Colorectal Canc Unit, Harrow, Middx, England. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Gastroenterol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. RP Lieberman, D (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Gastroenterol, Portland VA Med Ctr, P3-GI,POB 1034, Portland, OR 97239 USA. OI Atkin, Wendy/0000-0001-9073-9658 NR 32 TC 158 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 65 IS 6 BP 757 EP 766 DI 10.1016/j.gie.2006.12.055 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 164EW UT WOS:000246217300003 PM 17466195 ER PT J AU Sood, N Gugnani, HC Batra, R Ramesh, V Padhye, AA AF Sood, Neelam Gugnani, Harish C. Batra, Rashmi Ramesh, V. Padhye, Arvind A. TI Mucocutaneous nasal histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent young adult SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY VENEREOLOGY & LEPROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum; nasal histoplasmosis; mucocutaneous AB A case of mucocutaneous nasal histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent host is described below. A 30-year-old male had a broadened nose with swelling and repeated blockage of nasal passages for the past six months. Diagnosis was made on the basis of histological demonstration of characteristic yeast cells of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum occurring within histiocytes and extracellularly in stained smears of fine needle aspirates and biopsy from the lesions in ala of the nose and perioral region. The patient showed appreciable regression of lesions after three weeks of itraconazole therapy but was not available for re-assessment. C1 [Gugnani, Harish C.] Univ Delhi, Dr BR Ambedkar Ctr Biomed Res, Delhi 110007, India. [Padhye, Arvind A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sood, Neelam; Batra, Rashmi; Ramesh, V.] Deen Dayal Upadhayay Hosp, Dept Pathol & Dermatol, New Delhi, India. RP Gugnani, HC (reprint author), Univ Delhi, Dr BR Ambedkar Ctr Biomed Res, Delhi 110007, India. EM harishgugnani@yahoo.com RI sood, neelam/M-5865-2016 OI sood, neelam/0000-0001-5965-5632 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS PI MUMBAI PA A-108-109 KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, GHAKTOPAR, MUMBAI, 400075, INDIA SN 0378-6323 J9 INDIAN J DERMATOL VE JI Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3 BP 182 EP 184 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 280AH UT WOS:000254396800009 PM 17558052 ER PT J AU Kamili, S Krawczynski, K McCaustland, K Li, XF Alter, MJ AF Kamili, Saleem Krawczynski, Kris McCaustland, Karen Li, Xiaofang Alter, Miriam J. TI Infectivity of hepatitis C virus in plasma after drying and storing at room temperature SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID B-VIRUS; DRUG-USERS; OUTBREAK; ANTIGEN; PREVENTION; SETTINGS; SURFACES; STORAGE; SPREAD AB Objective. To determine effect of environmental exposure on the survival and infectivity of hepatitis C virus (HCV). methods. Three aliquots of chimpanzee plasma containing HCV and proven infectious HCV inoculum were dried and stored at room temperature, 1 aliquot for 16 hours, 1 for 4 days, and 1 for 7 days. A chimpanzee (CH247) was sequentially inoculated intravenously with each of these experimental inocula, beginning with the material stored for 7 days. Each inoculation was separated by at least 18 weeks of follow- up to monitor for infection. The concentration of HCV RNA was measured and quasi species were sequenced for each experimental inoculum and in serum samples from CH247. Results. Evidence of HCV infection developed in CH247 only after inoculation with the material stored for 16 hours. No infection occurred after inoculation with the material stored for 7 days or 4 days. Compared with the original infectious chimpanzee plasma, the concentration of HCV RNA was 1 log lower in all 3 experimental inocula. The same predominant sequences were found in similar proportions in the original chimpanzee plasma and in the experimental inocula, as well as in serum samples from CH247. Conclusion. HCV in plasma can survive drying and environmental exposure to room temperature for at least 16 hours, which supports the results of recent epidemiologic investigations that implicated blood- contaminated inanimate surfaces, objects, and/or devices as reservoirs for patient- to- patient transmission of HCV. Healthcare professionals in all settings should review their aseptic techniques and infection control practices to ensure that they are being performed in a manner that prevents cross-contamination from such reservoirs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immunity, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Kamili, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mail Stop A33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skamili@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 519 EP 524 DI 10.1086/513727 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NO UT WOS:000249121100002 PM 17464909 ER PT J AU Baggett, HC Duchin, JS Shelton, W Zerr, DM Heath, J Ortega-Sanchez, IR Tiwari, T AF Baggett, Henry C. Duchin, Jeffrey S. Shelton, William Zerr, Danielle M. Heath, Joan Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R. Tiwari, Tejpratap TI Two Nosocomial pertussis outbreaks and their associated costs-king county, Washington, 2004 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; INFECTION; POPULATION; ADULTS AB Objective. Pertussis outbreaks in healthcare settings result in resource-intensive control activities, but studies have rarely evaluated the associated costs. We describe and estimate costs associated with 2 nosocomial pertussis outbreaks in King County, Washington, during the period from July 25 to September 15, 2004. One outbreak occurred at a 500-bed tertiary care hospital (hospital A), and the other occurred at a 250-bed pediatric hospital (hospital B). Methods. We estimated the costs of each outbreak from the hospitals' perspective through standardized interviews with hospital staff and review of contact tracing logs. Direct costs included personnel time and laboratory and medication costs, whereas indirect costs were those resulting from hospital staff furloughs. Results. Hospital A incurred direct costs of $195,342 and indirect costs of $68,015; hospital B incurred direct costs of $71,130 and indirect costs of $50,000. Cost differences resulted primarily from higher personnel costs at hospital A ($134,536), compared with hospital B ($21,645). Total cost per pertussis case was $43,893 for hospital A (6 cases) and $30,282 for hospital B (4 cases). Total cost per person exposed to a pertussis patient were $357 for hospital A (738 exposures) and $164 for hospital B (737 exposures). Conclusions. Nosocomial pertussis outbreaks result in substantial costs to hospitals, even when the number of pertussis cases is low. The cost-effectiveness of strategies to prevent nosocomial pertussis outbreaks, including vaccination of healthcare workers, should be evaluated. C1 Washington Univ, Communicable Dis Epidemiol & Immunizat Sect, Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Swedish Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Childrens Hosp, Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand MOPH US, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Baggett, HC (reprint author), Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hbaggett@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 537 EP 543 DI 10.1086/513497 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NO UT WOS:000249121100005 PM 17464912 ER PT J AU Hsu, J Jensen, B Arduino, M Bergeron, T Fox, T Gum, G Pischke, V Potts, D Townes, J Srinivasan, A AF Hsu, Jennifer Jensen, Bette Arduino, Matthew Bergeron, Toni Fox, Teresa Gum, Greg Pischke, Vera Potts, David Townes, John Srinivasan, Arjun TI Streptococcal meningitis following myelogram procedures SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IATROGENIC MENINGITIS; FACE MASKS; LUMBAR PUNCTURE AB In September of 2004, we investigated 7 cases of post-myelography meningitis. Streptococcal species were recovered from blood or cerebrospinal fluid in all cases. Our findings suggest that droplet transmission of the oral flora of the clinician performing the procedure was the most likely source of these infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the use of face masks by those performing myelograms. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. W Jefferson Hosp, Marrero, LA USA. Gadsden Med Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. Crestwood Hosp, Huntsville, AL USA. St Lukes Hosp, Milwaukee, WI USA. Anderson Med Ctr, Anderson, SC USA. Univ Oregon, Portland, OR USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM asrinivasan@cdc.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 614 EP 617 DI 10.1086/513496 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NO UT WOS:000249121100020 PM 17464927 ER PT J AU Legastelois, I Garcia-Sastre, A Palese, P Tumpey, TM Maines, TR Katz, JM Vogel, FR Moste, C AF Legastelois, Isabelle Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Palese, Peter Tumpey, Terrence M. Maines, Taronna R. Katz, Jacqueline M. Vogel, Frederick R. Moste, Catherine TI Preparation of genetically engineered A/H5N1 and A/H7N1 pandemic vaccine viruses by reverse genetics in a mixture of Vero and chicken embryo cells SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Influenza; pandemic; reverse genetics; vaccine AB Background In case of influenza pandemic, a robust, easy and clean technique to prepare reassortants would be necessary. Objectives Using reverse genetics, we prepared two vaccine reassortants (A/H5N1 x PR8 and A/H7N1 x PR8) exhibiting the envelope glycoproteins from non-pathogenic avian viruses, A/Turkey/Wisconsin/68 (A/H5N9) and A/Rhea/New Caledonia/39482/93 (A/H7N1) and the internal proteins of the attenuated human virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1). Methods The transfection was accomplished using a mixture of Vero and chicken embryo cells both of which are currently being used for vaccine manufacturing. Results This process was reproducible, resulting in consistent recovery of influenza viruses in 6 days. Because it is mainly the A/H5N1 strain that has recently crossed the human barrier, it is the A/PR8 x A/H5N1 reassortant (RG5) that was further amplified, either in embryonated hen eggs or Vero cells, to produce vaccine pre-master seed stocks that met quality control specifications. Safety testing in chickens and ferrets was performed to assess the non-virulence of the reassortant, and finally analysis using chicken and ferret sera immunized with the RG5 virus showed that the vaccine candidate elicited an antibody response cross-reactive with the Hong Kong 1997 and 2003 H5N1 strains but not the Vietnam/2004 viruses. Conclusions The seeds obtained could be used as part of a pandemic vaccine strain 'library' available in case of propagation in humans of a new highly pathogenic avian strain. C1 [Legastelois, Isabelle; Vogel, Frederick R.; Moste, Catherine] Sanofi Pasteur, Res & Dev, F-69280 Marcy Letoile, France. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo; Palese, Peter] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] USDA, SEPRL, Athens, GA USA. [Maines, Taronna R.; Katz, Jacqueline M.] CDC, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Legastelois, I (reprint author), Sanofi Pasteur, Res & Dev, Bldg X N,1541 Ave Merieux, F-69280 Marcy Letoile, France. EM isabelle.legastelois@sanofipasteur.com OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIH [UC1 AI49519-01, V54 AI 57158, IP01AI48204, U19AI62623]; USDA/ARS CRIS [6612-32000-039-00D] FX We thank Drs J. Schickli, C. W. Whitaker, C. Meric and D. Trent for their contribution to this work and MJ QuentinMillet for the review of this article. This work was partially supported by NIH Challenge Grant UC1 AI49519-01 and by USDA/ARS CRIS project number 6612-32000-039-00D. In addition, part of the work was supported by NIH Grants V54 AI 57158, IP01AI48204 and U19AI62623 (A. G.-S. and P. P.). We thank S. Fraysse, C. Serraille and N. Devard for their technical assistance. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD MAY PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2007.00015.x PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA V04PH UT WOS:000207069800003 PM 19453414 ER PT J AU Blachere, FM Lindsley, WG Slaven, JE Green, BJ Anderson, SE Chen, BT Beezhold, DH AF Blachere, Francoise M. Lindsley, William G. Slaven, James E. Green, Brett J. Anderson, Stacey E. Chen, Bean T. Beezhold, Don H. TI Bioaerosol sampling for the detection of aerosolized influenza virus SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Airborne virus; bioaerosols; bioaerosol sampler; influenza; viral detection; qPCR AB Background Influenza virus was used to characterize the efficacy of a cyclone-based, two-stage personal bioaerosol sampler for the collection and size fractionation of aerosolized viral particles. Methods A Collison single-jet nebulizer was used to aerosolize the attenuated FluMist (R) vaccine into a calm-air settling chamber. Viral particles were captured with bioaerosol samplers that utilize 2 microcentrifuge tubes to collect airborne particulates. The first tube (T1) collects particles greater than 1.8 mu m in diameter, while the second tube (T2) collects particles between 1.0 and 1.8 mu m, and the back-up filter (F) collects submicron particles. Following aerosolization, quantitative PCR was used to detect and quantify H1N1 and H3N2 influenza strains. Results Based on qPCR results, we demonstrate that aerosolized viral particles were efficiently collected and separated according to aerodynamic size using the two-stage bioaerosol sampler. Most viral particles were collected in T2 (1-1.8 mu m) and on the back-up filter (< 1 mu m) of the bioaerosol sampler. Furthermore, we found that the detection of viral particles with the two-stage sampler was directly proportional to the collection time. Consequently, viral particle counts were significantly greater at 40 minutes in comparison to 5, 10 and 20 minute aerosol collection points. Conclusions Due to a lack of empirical data, aerosol transmission of influenza is often questioned. Using FluMist (R), we demonstrated that a newly developed bioaerosol sampler is able to recover and size fractionate aerosolized viral particles. This sampler should be an important tool for studying viral transmission in clinical settings and may significantly contribute towards understanding the modes of influenza virus transmission. C1 [Blachere, Francoise M.; Green, Brett J.; Anderson, Stacey E.; Beezhold, Don H.] CDC, NIOSH, HELD, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Lindsley, William G.; Chen, Bean T.] CDC, NIOSH, HELD, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Slaven, James E.] CDC, NIOSH, HELD, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Blachere, FM (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, HELD, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM fblachere@cdc.gov OI Lindsley, William/0000-0003-0720-5829 FU Health Effects Laboratory Division; NIOSH FX This work was supported by internal funds from the Health Effects Laboratory Division. The findings and conclusions in this report have not been formally disseminated by the NIOSH and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD MAY PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2007.00020.x PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA V04PH UT WOS:000207069800005 PM 19453416 ER PT J AU Santos, L Morata, TC Jacob, LC Albizu, E Marques, JM Paini, M AF Santos, Lorayne Morata, Thais C. Jacob, Lilian C. Albizu, Evelyn Marques, Jair M. Paini, Michele TI Music exposure and audiological findings in Brazilian disc jockeys (DJs) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Congress on Noise Control Engineering (INTERNOISE 2005) CY AUG 06-10, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL DE sound pressure levels; otoacoustic emissions; hearing loss; tinnitus; pure-tone audiometry; temporary threshold shift; music-induced hearing loss ID INDUCED HEARING-LOSS; TEMPORARY THRESHOLD SHIFT; OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS; ACOUSTIC DISTORTION; AMPLIFIED MUSIC; EQUAL ENERGY; NOISE; DISCOTHEQUES; EMPLOYEES AB The aim of this study was to examine the music exposure and hearing of disc jockeys (DJs). We conducted personal noise dosimetry on 30 DJs and interviewed them regarding their hearing and their job. We conducted pure-tone audiometry, and transient and distortion product otoacoustic emissions before their exposure to music during their work. This First test was preceded by a period of at least 12 hours without exposure to music or noise. We repeated the pure-tone audiometry and otoacoustic emissions after their music exposure, and poorer performances were registered in all retests. The nightclubs' average sound level ranged between 93.2 to 109.7 dB(A). Statistical analysis showed significant bilateral temporary threshold shifts at all frequencies between audiometry performed pre- and post-exposure to amplified music. Transient otoacoustic emissions showed a significant difference in bilateral amplitude and reproducibility at all frequency bands tested. The comparison of distortion product otoacoustic emissions results pre- and post-music exposure showed there was a significant difference in amplitude. Music exposure was associated with temporary and permanent auditory dysfunction among professional DJs. C1 NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, DART, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. FUNDACENTRO, Minist Trabalho & Emprego, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Morata, TC (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, DART, C27,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM tmorata@cdc.gov RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009; Jacob-Corteletti , Lilian Cassia /I-9391-2012 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1499-2027 J9 INT J AUDIOL JI Int. J. Audiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1080/14992020601188575 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 178YC UT WOS:000247255300004 PM 17487670 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Calafat, AM Barr, DB AF Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. Barr, Dana B. TI Uses and issues of biomonitoring SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; epidemiological studies; population surveys; HESI ID ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; NATIONAL CHILDRENS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; POPULATION; PESTICIDES; HEALTH; LEAD; COHORT AB In the last two decades, an explosion in information and literature on human biomonitoring data has occurred. Symposia, workshops, and workgroups have been formed to discuss all issues surrounding biomonitoring. One such workgroup, formed by the International Life Sciences Institute's Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), developed a wheel which has biomonitoring at its hub; its spokes depict the uses of biomonitoring. As it rolls and picks up speed, the biomonitoring wheel will no doubt gain additional spokes. In this manuscript, we describe and give examples of these biomonitoring uses and some of their further applications as well as some of the issues surrounding biomonitoring. Special emphasis is placed on the uses and limitations of large-scale representative cross sectional studies such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in the United States. Priority setting, improved modeling methods for interpreting the biomonitoring data, and an increase in studies designed to associate health indicators and health risks to selected environmental chemicals are needed to increase the power of biomonitoring. (C) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Needham, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F17,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lneedham@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 35 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 210 IS 3-4 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.11.002 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 173XY UT WOS:000246907000003 PM 17157561 ER PT J AU Hogben, M Wimberly, YH Moore, S AF Hogben, Matthew Wimberly, Yolanda H. Moore, Sandra TI Estimating dissemination of centers for disease control and prevention sexually transmitted disease treatment guidelines from a survey of physicians SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE treatment guidelines; Internet ID CARE AB Periodically, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) produce guidelines for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the USA. To date, few evaluations of the dissemination of these guidelines exist. A paper and pencil survey was distributed via priority mail to a sample of Atlanta-area physicians, 416 (34%) of whom responded with complete data. Physicians were drawn from private practice, managed-care settings and public settings. In all, 85% of respondents treated STD, with a further 10% referring cases. Of those treating STD, 56% owned a copy of the 2002 CDC Treatment Guidelines, and 26% knew how to access them. The corresponding figures for physicians not treating STD were 25% and 30%. Of the physicians who did have copies, half had accessed the internet for their copies. Acquisition of, or the knowledge of how to acquire, the CDC STD Treatment Guidelines was widespread. The internet may be an effective and cost-saving means of disseminating the guidelines, although the continued need for print distribution should not be discounted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhogben@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD MAY PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 BP 318 EP 320 DI 10.1258/095646207780749664 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 173YC UT WOS:000246907400007 PM 17524191 ER PT J AU Riekstina, V Leimane, V Holtz, TH Leimans, J Wells, CD AF Riekstina, V. Leimane, V. Holtz, T. H. Leimans, J. Wells, C. D. TI Treatment outcome cohort analysis in an integrated DOTS and DOTS-Plus TB program in Latvia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; treatment outcomes; cohort analysis ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AB International guidelines for treatment outcome analysis of tuberculosis cases have been published and are widely used. They do not, however, fully address the incorporation of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases. Here we present an approach to cohort analysis of treatment outcomes for all registered TB cases, including MDR-TB cases. We analyzed all new pulmonary smear- and/or culture-positive cases registered in Latvia during 2002. Analysis of treatment outcomes at 24 months after initial case registration showed overall treatment success at 84%. This approach to outcome analysis is possible only for settings where MDR-TB treatment is established. C1 State Agcy TB & Lung Dis Latvia, Natl TB Registry, LV-2118 PO Cekule, Riga Region, Latvia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Riekstina, V (reprint author), State Agcy TB & Lung Dis Latvia, Natl TB Registry, LV-2118 PO Cekule, Riga Region, Latvia. EM vija@tuberculosis.lv NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 11 IS 5 BP 585 EP 587 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 160CD UT WOS:000245913500020 PM 17439686 ER PT J AU Creek, TL Ntumy, R Seipone, K Smith, M Mogodi, M Smit, M Legwaila, K Molokwane, I Tebele, G Mazhani, L Shaffer, N Kilmarx, PH AF Creek, Tracy L. Ntumy, Raphael Seipone, Khumo Smith, Monica Mogodi, Mpho Smit, Molly Legwaila, Keitumetse Molokwane, Iris Tebele, Goitebetswe Mazhani, Loeto Shaffer, Nathan Kilmarx, Peter H. TI Successful introduction of routine opt-out HIV testing in antenatal care in Botswana SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE Africa; antenatal care; Botswana; HIV testing; prevention of mother-to-child transmission; routine HIV testing ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; AFRICA; TRANSMISSION; HIV/AIDS; EXCEPTIONALISM; PREVENTION; INFECTION; ATTITUDES; WOMEN AB Background: Botswana has high HIV prevalence among pregnant women (37.4% in 2003) and provides free services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV Nearly all pregnant women (> 95%) have antenatal care (ANC and deliver in hospital. Uptake of antenatal HIV testing was low from 1999 through 2003. In 2004, Botswana's President declared that HIV testing should be " routine but not compulsory" in medical settings. Methods: Health workers were trained to provide group education and recommend HIV testing as part of routine ANC services. Logbook data on ANC attendance, HIV testing, and uptake of PMTCT interventions were reviewed before and after routine testing training, and ANC clients were interviewed. Results: After routine testing started, the percentage of all HIV-infected women delivering in the regional hospital who knew their HIV status increased from 47% to 78% and the percentage receiving PMTCT interventions increased from 29% to 56%. ANC attendance and the percentage of HIV-positive women who disclosed their HIV status to others remained stable. Interviews indicated that ANC clients supported the policy. Conclusions: Routine HIV testing was more accepted than voluntary testing in this setting and led to substantial increases in the uptake of testing and PMTCT interventions without detectable adverse consequences. Routine testing in other settings may strengthen HIV care and prevention efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Prevent Mother Child Transmiss Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Botswana Minist Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Creek, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Prevent Mother Child Transmiss Team, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tgc0@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318047df88 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 160TA UT WOS:000245964000015 PM 17460473 ER PT J AU Enger, KS Stokley, S AF Enger, Kyle S. Stokley, Shannon TI Meningococcal conjugate vaccine uptake, measured by Michigan's Immunization Registry SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Purpose: To describe the uptake of meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) in Michigan adolescents following its approval in January 2005, and compare it to the use of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4) in 2004. Methods: All available records of meningococcal immunizations given between February 1986 and March 2006 were obtained from the Michigan Childhood Immunization Registry (MCIR), which is used by about 95% of Michigan immunization providers. During late 2005 and early 2006, these records were analyzed by immunization type, administration date, recipient age, and health care provider type (public or private). Results: The MCIR contained 63,253 meningococcal immunizations. A total of 15.2% were given in 2004, 68.8% in 2005, and 10.8% in 2006. In those years, most immunizations occurred in June, July, and August. In 2005, 85.2% were MCV4. In 2004, 17 to 18-year olds received nearly all meningococcal immunizations; in 2005, 11 to 16-year olds received 58.0% of them. Estimates of immunization coverage were 4.0% for 11 to 12-year olds, 3.4% for 13 to 16-year olds, 5.9% for 17 to 19-year olds, and 19% for freshmen entering college. Conclusions: Compared to 2004, in 2005 there was a large increase in the number of doses administered, with more MCV4 than MPSV4. Patterns of immunization were consistent with the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations. Coverage of Michigan adolescents is low, but increased in 2005 compared with 2004. (c) 2007 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Immunizat, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Enger, KS (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Immunizat, 201 Townsend St,POB 30195, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. EM engerk@michigan.gov NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 40 IS 5 BP 398 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.11.141 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 168DM UT WOS:000246503100003 PM 17448396 ER PT J AU Nguyen, JV Olsson, AO Bravo, R Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Nguyen, Johnny V. Olsson, Anders O. Bravo, Roberto Needham, Larry L. Barr, Dana B. TI Quantification of atrazine, phenylurea, and sulfonylurea herbicide metabolites in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dlb1@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 165EL UT WOS:000246286700001 PM 17555640 ER PT J AU Pearce, EN Leung, AM Blount, BC Bazrafshan, HR He, X Pino, S Valentin-Blasini, L Braverman, LE AF Pearce, Elizabeth N. Leung, Angela M. Blount, Benjamin C. Bazrafshan, Hamid R. He, Xuemei Pino, Sam Valentin-Blasini, Liza Braverman, Lewis E. TI Breast milk iodine and perchlorate concentrations in lactating Boston-area women SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; THYROID-FUNCTION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; NUTRITION; PREGNANCY; INFANTS; WATER AB Context: Breastfed infants rely on adequate maternal dietary iodine intake. Objective: Our objective was to measure breast milk iodine and perchlorate, an inhibitor of iodide transport into the thyroid and potentially into breast milk, in Boston-area women. Participants: The study included 57 lactating healthy volunteers in the Boston area. Measurements: Breast milk iodine and perchlorate concentrations and urine iodine, perchlorate, and cotinine concentrations were measured. For comparison, iodine and perchlorate levels in infant formulae were also measured. Results: Median breast milk iodine content in 57 samples was 155 mu g/liter (range, 2.7-1968 mu g/liter). Median urine iodine was 114 mu g/liter (range, 25-920 mu g/liter). Perchlorate was detectable in all 49 breast milk samples (range, 1.3-411 mu g/liter), all 56 urine samples (range, 0.37-127 mu g/liter), and all 17 infant formula samples (range, 0.22-4.1 mu g/liter) measured. Breast milk iodine content was significantly correlated with urinary iodine per gram creatinine and urinary cotinine but was not significantly correlated with breast milk or urinary perchlorate. Conclusions: Perchlorate exposure was not significantly correlated with breast milk iodine concentrations. Perchlorate was detectable in infant formula but at lower levels than in breast milk. Forty-seven percent of women sampled may have been providing breast milk with insufficient iodine to meet infants' requirements. C1 Boston Med Ctr, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Golestan Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Golestan, Iran. RP Pearce, EN (reprint author), Boston Med Ctr, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, 88 E Newton St,Evans 201, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM elizabeth.pearce@bmc.org OI Leung, Angela M./0000-0001-8935-9332; Braverman, Lewis/0000-0003-1263-1099 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 00533] NR 27 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 17 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1673 EP 1677 DI 10.1210/jc.2006-2738 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 164GI UT WOS:000246221200019 PM 17311853 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Anda, RF Felitti, VJ AF Brown, David W. Anda, Robert F. Felitti, Vincent J. TI Self-reported information and pharmacy claims were comparable for lipid-lowering medication exposure SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sensitivity; specificity; validity (epidemiology); data collection; cholesterol; epidemiology ID RECORDS; CHILDHOOD; PRESCRIPTION; VALIDATION; STATIN; ADULTS; ABUSE; WOMEN AB Objective: To examine agreement between self-reported exposure to lipid-lowering medications and objective evidence of filling prescribed lipid-lowering medications. Study Design and Setting: Using data from 7,918 adults from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PV+) and negative (PV-) predictive values, and likelihood ratios for self-reported exposure to lipid-lowering medications compared to exposure obtained from pharmacy claims (gold standard) both overall and by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and ACE Score. Results: Eight percent (n = 655) of adults self-reported lipid-lowering medication exposure, and 379 adults filled at least one lipid-lowering prescription within 60 days of the baseline exam during 1997. The sensitivity of self-reported exposure was nearly 94%; the specificity was 96%; the PV+ was 54%; and the PV- was nearly 100%. Values for sensitivity, specificity, PV+ and PV- were similar across participant characteristics. Conclusion: A self-reported measure of lipid-lowering medication exposure was accurate with high sensitivity and specificity while the PV+ of self-reported lipid-lowering medication exposure was relatively low. These findings suggest that self-reported exposure to lipid-lowering medications may be useful in surveys that examine the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, but may overestimate actual exposure in studies monitoring trends in use of lipid-lowering medications. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbrown6@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 60 IS 5 BP 525 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.08.007 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 159LV UT WOS:000245868300012 PM 17419964 ER PT J AU Fosheim, GE Carey, RB Limbago, BM AF Fosheim, G. E. Carey, R. B. Limbago, B. M. TI Evaluation of the AdvanDx VRE EVIGENE assay for detection of vanA in vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; PENNSYLVANIA; PATIENT; ISOLATE; LEVEL AB AdvanDx VRE EVIGENE, a commercial vanA/vanB DNA hybridization assay to identify vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), was evaluated for the detection of vanA in Staphylococcus aureus. Performance was assessed using S. aureus, VRE, and vancomycin-intermediate and -susceptible isolates. The assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity when analyzed visually and by optical density. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Limbago, BM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, MS C16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BLimbago@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1611 EP 1613 DI 10.1128/JCM.02556-06 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 169OA UT WOS:000246600300036 PM 17344366 ER PT J AU Duan, ZJ Li, DD Zhang, Q Liu, N Huang, CP Jiang, X Jiang, BM Glass, R Steele, D Tang, JY Wang, ZS Fang, ZY AF Duan, Zhao-Jun Li, Dan-Di Zhang, Qing Liu, Na Huang, Can-Ping Jiang, Xi Jiang, Baomin Glass, Roger Steele, Duncan Tang, Jing-Yu Wang, Zhong-Shan Fang, Zhao-Yin TI Novel human rotavirus of genotype G5P[6] identified in a stool specimen from a Chinese girl with diarrhea SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; BOVINE ROTAVIRUSES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; VP4 GENOTYPE; STRAINS; GENES; SURVEILLANCE; G12 AB During a rotavirus surveillance conducted in Lulong County, Hebei Province, China, a total of 331 stool specimens collected in 2003 from children under 5 years old with diarrhea were screened. We identified a novel group A human rotavirus of genotype G5P[6]. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the VP7 protein of this newly identified strain, LL36755, was closely related to those of the G5 strains. As such, it has 95.4% homology with its counterparts in the porcine G5 strains C134 and CC117 at the amino acid sequence level. On the other hand, the VP4 protein of the LL36755 strain was 94.5% homologous to those of the porcine P[6] strains 134/04-10, 134/04-11, 221/04-7, and 221/04-13. Our findings indicate a dynamic interaction between human and porcine rotaviruses. C1 China CDC, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. Jilin Univ, Sch Basic Med Sci, Changchun 130021, Peoples R China. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Hebei Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lulong Cty, Peoples R China. RP Duan, ZJ (reprint author), 100 Ying Xin St,Xuan Wu Dist, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. EM zhaojund@126.com NR 36 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1614 EP 1617 DI 10.1128/JCM.00032-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 169OA UT WOS:000246600300037 PM 17301275 ER PT J AU Sader, HS Ferraro, MJ Reller, LB Schreckenberger, PC Swenson, JM Jones, RN AF Sader, Helio S. Ferraro, Mary J. Reller, L. Barth Schreckenberger, Paul C. Swenson, Jana M. Jones, Ronald N. TI Reevaluation of clinical and laboratory standards institute disk diffusion breakpoints for tetracyclines for testing Enterobacteriaceae SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We reevaluated Enterobacteriaceae disk diffusion breakpoints for the tetracyclines published in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document M100-S16, which were (susceptible/resistant) >= 19 mm/<= 14 mm for tetracycline, >= 16 mm/<= 12 mm for doxycycline, and >= 19 mm/<= 14 mm for minocycline. A collection of 504 recent clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were tested against these tetracycline compounds by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods according to CLSI guidelines. Regression line and scattergram plot analyses determined intermethod accuracy for current disk diffusion breakpoints and showed excellent r values of 0.91 to 0.95. However, error rates (minor/major [false-resistant]/very major [false-susceptible]) were 14.9/0.8/0.0% for tetracycline, 11.5/10.4/0.0% for doxycycline, and 30.6/0.7/0.0% for minocycline and only 4.4/0.0/0.0% for tetracycline, 5.6/0.0/0.2% for doxycycline, and 8.3/0.0/0.3% for minocycline when proposed breakpoints were modified to (susceptible/resistant) >= 15 mm/<= 11 mm for tetracycline, >= 14 mm/<= 10 nun for doxycycline, and 16 mm/<= 12 mm for minocycline. Listed modifications were recently approved by the CLSI (M100-S17). C1 JMI Labs, N Liberty, IA 52317 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. Loyola Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sader, HS (reprint author), JMI Labs, 345 Beaver Kreek Ctr,Suite A, N Liberty, IA 52317 USA. EM helio-sader@jmilabs.com NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1640 EP 1643 DI 10.1128/JCM.00143-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 169OA UT WOS:000246600300044 PM 17360844 ER PT J AU Ferguson, TD Schniederjan, SD Dionne-Odom, J Brandt, ME Rinaldi, MG Nolte, FS Langston, A Zimmer, SM AF Ferguson, T. D. Schniederjan, S. D. Dionne-Odom, J. Brandt, M. E. Rinaldi, M. G. Nolte, F. S. Langston, A. Zimmer, S. M. TI Posaconazole treatment for Apophysomyces elegans rhino-orbital zygomycosis following trauma for a male with well-controlled diabetes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; SALVAGE THERAPY; MUCORMYCOSIS; ASPERGILLUS AB We report a case of rhino-orbital zygomycosis in a 43-year-old male with well-controlled diabetes mellitus. The patient initially received liposomal amphotericin B, but the infection continued to progress, so posaconazole treatment was begun and eventually led to the cure of his infection. The causative agent was identified as Apophysomyces elegans, an emerging cause of zygomycosis in immunocompetent hosts. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zimmer, SM (reprint author), Atlanta VAMC, Res 5A161, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM szimmer@emory.edu NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1648 EP 1651 DI 10.1128/JCM.00014-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 169OA UT WOS:000246600300046 PM 17344359 ER PT J AU Griffin, SO Regnier, E Griffin, PM Huntley, V AF Griffin, S. O. Regnier, E. Griffin, P. M. Huntley, V. TI Effectiveness of fluoride in preventing caries in adults SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE caries; fluoride; adults; meta-analysis ID DENTAL-CARIES; ROOT CARIES; CORONAL CARIES; OLDER-ADULTS; WATER; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; METAANALYSIS AB To date, no systematic reviews have found fluoride to be effective in preventing dental caries in adults. The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of self- and professionally applied fluoride and water fluoridation among adults. We used a random-effects model to estimate the effect size of fluoride ( absolute difference in annual caries increment or relative risk ratio) for all adults aged 20+ years and for adults aged 40+ years. Twenty studies were included in the final body of evidence. Among studies published after/during 1980, any fluoride ( self- and professionally applied or water fluoridation) annually averted 0.29 ( 95% CI: 0.16-0.42) carious coronal and 0.22 ( 95% CI: 0.08-0.37) carious root surfaces. The prevented fraction for water fluoridation was 27% ( 95% CI: 19%-34%). These findings suggest that fluoride prevents caries among adults of all ages. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, H Milton Stewart Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Griffin, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MSF10, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM sig1@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 15 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 86 IS 5 BP 410 EP 415 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 160CF UT WOS:000245913700004 PM 17452559 ER PT J AU Beach, MJ AF Beach, Michael J. TI Recreational water illness prevention and swimming pool operation: Moving beyond the basics SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NCZVED, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Water & Environm Activ Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Beach, MJ (reprint author), NCZVED, MS F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mbeach@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 69 IS 9 BP 82 EP 83 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 161VV UT WOS:000246045500011 PM 17506361 ER PT J AU Ridenour, ML Cummings, KJ Sinclair, JR Bixler, D AF Ridenour, Marilyn L. Cummings, Kristin J. Sinclair, Julie R. Bixler, Danae TI Displacement of the underserved: Medical needs of Hurricane Katrina evacuees in West Virginia SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE hurricane; needs assessment; evacuees AB On August 29, 2005 Hurricane Katrina struck Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. During the aftermath of the storm, hurricane victims were evacuated to over 1,000 evacuation centers in 27 states. Three-hundred and twenty-three evacuees from 220 households were provided housing, food, and medical care at an evacuation center in West Virginia. A needs assessment followed to identify current needs of the evacuees. One-hundred and sixty-four evacuees were interviewed. Twenty-five percent reported an acute illness, while 46% reported having at least one chronic medical condition. The greatest need reported was for dental care (57%), followed by eyeglasses (34%), dentures (28%), and medical services (25%). Two weeks after the hurricane, the basic needs of food, shelter, and hygiene were met. The assessment identified and led to a successful response regarding the ongoing need for durable medical equipment (dentures and eyeglasses), as well as dental care. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, US Publ Hlth Serv, Philadelphia, PA USA. W Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA. RP Ridenour, ML (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mailstop 1811, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM DVN7@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD MAY PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 369 EP 381 DI 10.1353/hpu.2007.0045 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 163LY UT WOS:000246162500017 PM 17483565 ER PT J AU Redd, JT Baumbach, J Kohn, W Nainan, O Khristova, M Williams, I AF Redd, John T. Baumbach, Joan Kohn, William Nainan, Omana Khristova, Marina Williams, Ian TI Patient-to-patient transmission of hepatitis B virus associated with oral surgery SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; DENTISTS AB We used molecular epidemiologic techniques to document patient-to-patient transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) between 2 outpatient oral surgery patients operated on 161 min apart. Serological testing of 25 (93%) of 27 patients operated on after the source patient revealed that 19 (76%) of 25 were previously immune to HBV; no additional cases were identified. We found no deficiencies in infection control practices. Transmission may have been limited by the high prevalence (64%) of patients vaccinated against HBV. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of patient-to-patient transmission of a bloodborne pathogen in a dental setting in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Redd, JT (reprint author), Indian Hlth Serv, Hepatitis & Liver Div Sect, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, 5300 Homestead Rd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM john.redd@ihs.gov NR 17 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 9 BP 1311 EP 1314 DI 10.1086/513435 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 153AY UT WOS:000245405300012 PM 17397000 ER PT J AU Eaton, DK Davis, KS Barrios, L Brener, ND Noonan, RK AF Eaton, Danice K. Davis, Kristen S. Barrios, Lisa Brener, Nancy D. Noonan, Rita K. TI Associations of dating violence victimization with lifetime participation, co-occurrence, and early initiation of risk behaviors among US high school students SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE dating violence; risk behaviors; student ID INTIMATE PARTNER ABUSE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; HEALTH; CIGARETTE; YOUTH; AGE AB This study examined the association of victimization in a physically violent dating relationship with risk behaviors, age of risk behavior initiation, and co-occurrence of risk behaviors among students in grades 9 through 12 in the United States. Data were from the 2003 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Nearly 9% of students reported experiencing dating violence victimization. Dating violence victimization was associated with alcohol use, marijuana use, and having ever had sexual intercourse among female students and having ever had sexual intercourse among male students. Dating violence victimization also was associated with early initiation of alcohol use among female students. The odds of dating violence victimization increased as the number of risk behaviors increased and as the number of lifetime sexual partners increased. These risk behavior patterns should serve as warning signs of elevated risk for dating violence victimization and may be helpful in identifying adolescents who could benefit from targeted, preventive interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eaton, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0886-2605 J9 J INTERPERS VIOLENCE JI J. Interpers. Violence PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 585 EP 602 DI 10.1177/0886260506298831 PG 18 WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology GA 158LH UT WOS:000245792500006 PM 17429024 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Enscore, RE Biggerstaff, BJ Reynolds, PJ Ettestad, P Brown, T Pape, J Tanda, D Levy, CE Engelthaler, DM Cheek, J Bueno, R Targhetta, J Montenieri, JA Gage, KL AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Enscore, Russell E. Biggerstaff, Brad J. Reynolds, Pamela J. Ettestad, Paul Brown, Ted Pape, John Tanda, Dale Levy, Craig E. Engelthaler, David M. Cheek, James Bueno, Rudy, Jr. Targhetta, Joseph Montenieri, John A. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Human plague in the southwestern United States, 1957-2004: Spatial models of elevated risk of human exposure to Yersinia pestis SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plague; Yersina pestis; fleas; geographical information system; landscape features ID NEW-MEXICO; ONYCHOMYS-LEUCOGASTER; ECOLOGY; FLEAS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; NORTHERN; RODENTS AB Plague is a rare but highly virulent flea-borne zoonotic disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis Yersin. Identifying areas at high risk of human exposure to the etiological agent of plague could provide a useful tool for targeting limited public health resources and reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis by raising awareness of the disease. We created logistic regression models to identify landscape features associated with areas where humans have acquired plague from 1957 to 2004 in the four-corners region of the United States (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah), and we extrapolated those models within a geographical information system to predict where plague cases are likely to occur within the southwestern United States disease focus. The probability of an area being classified as high-risk plague habitat increased with elevation up to approximate to 2,300 m and declined as elevation increased thereafter, and declined with distance from key habitat types (e.g., southern Rocky Mountain pinon-juniper [Pinus edulis Engelm. and Juniperus spp.], Colorado plateau pinon-juniper woodland, Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P.&C. Lawson var. scopulorum), and southern Rocky Mountain juniper woodland and savanna). The overall accuracy of the model was > 82%. Our most conservative model predicted that 14.4% of the four-corners region represented a high risk of peridomestic exposure to Y. pestis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Zoonoses Program, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. New Mexico Environm Dept, Vector Control Program, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Vector Borne & Zoonot Dis Sect, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Off Environm Hlth & Engn, Window Rock, AZ 86515 USA. City Albuquerque Div Environm Hlth, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 530 EP 537 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[530:HPITSU]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 165TL UT WOS:000246328500020 PM 17547242 ER PT J AU Heitbrink, WA Evans, DE Peters, TM Slavin, TJ AF Heitbrink, William A. Evans, Douglas E. Peters, Thomas M. Slavin, Thomas J. TI Characterization and mapping of very fine particles in an engine machining and assembly facility SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE aerosol; combustion aerosol; engine plant; machining; metalworking fluid; ultra fine aerosol ID LOW-PRESSURE IMPACTOR; SAMPLING METHODS; MIST CONTROL; AEROSOL; NUMBER; ELPI AB Very fine particle number and mass concentrations were mapped in an engine machining and assembly facility in the winter and summer. A condensation particle counter (CPC) was used to measure particle number concentrations in the 0.01 mu m to 1 mu m range, and an optical particle counter (OPC) was used to measure particle number concentrations in 15 channels between 0.3 mu m and 20 mu m. The OPC measurements were used to estimate the respirable mass concentration. Very fine particle number concentrations were estimated by subtracting the OPC particle number concentrations from 0.3 mu m to 1 mu m from the CPC number concentrations. At specific locations during the summer visit, an electrical low pressure impactor was used to measure particle size distribution from 0.07 mu m to 10 mu m in 12 channels. The geometric mean ratio of respirable mass concentration estimated from the OPC to the gravimetrically measured mass concentration was 0.66 with a geometric standard deviation of 1.5. Very fine particle number concentrations in winter were substantially greater where direct-fire natural gas heaters were operated (7.5 x 10(5) particles/cm(3)) than where steam was used for heat (3 x 10(5) particles/cm(3)). During summer when heaters were off, the very fine particle number concentrations were below 10(5) particles/cm(3), regardless of location. Elevated very fine particle number concentrations were associated with machining operations with poor enclosures. Whereas respirable mass concentrations did not vary noticeably with season, they were greater in areas with poorly fitting enclosures (0.12 mg/m(3)) than in areas where state-of-the-art enclosures were used (0.03 mg/m(3)). These differences were attributed to metalworking fluid mist that escaped from poorly fitting enclosures. Particles generated from direct-fire natural gas heater operation were very small, with a number size distribution modal diameter of less than 0.023 mu m. Aerosols generated by machining operations had number size distributions modes in the 0.023 mu m to 0.1 mu m range. However, multiple modes in the mass size distributions estimated from OPC measurements occurred in the 2-20 mu m range. Although elevated, very fine particle concentrations and respirable mass concentrations were both associated with poorly enclosed machining operations; the operation of the direct-fire natural gas heaters resulted in the greatest very fine particle concentrations without elevating the respirable mass concentration. These results suggest that respirable mass concentration may not be an adequate indicator for very fine particle exposure. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Int Truck & Engine Corp, Warrenville, IL USA. RP Heitbrink, WA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 102 IREH,100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM william-heitbrink@uiowa.edu NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 4 IS 5 BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.1080/15459620701290081 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 165WS UT WOS:000246338600009 PM 17454502 ER PT J AU Wood, GO Snyder, JL AF Wood, Gerry O. Snyder, Jay L. TI Estimating service lives of organic vapor cartridges III: Multiple vapors at all humidities SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE cartridge; mixtures; organic vapor; respirator; service life ID PURIFYING RESPIRATOR CARTRIDGES; ACTIVATED CARBON; RATE COEFFICIENTS; ADSORPTION; MIXTURES; GASES; LIFE AB A published model for estimating service lives of organic vapor (OV) air-purifying respirator cartridges has been extended to include multiple organic vapors at all humidities. Equilibria among the OVs are calculated using Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory, whereas the effects of adsorbed water are considered as due to micropore volume exclusion. Solubilities of OVs in water must also be taken into account. Adsorption kinetics of components of mixtures are based on published correlations of the effects of covapors and water vapor. The dynamics of adsorption and competition are incorporated using expanding zones within the carbon bed, taking into account vapor and water displacements. Measurements of breakthrough curves for two ternary OV mixtures at high humidities have been done for a single cartridge type. The service life estimation model, implemented as a spreadsheet and a computer program, has been tested against these data as well as data for OV mixtures from literature sources. Good agreements were obtained between model predictions and experimental breakthrough times at dry conditions and humid conditions. C1 NIOSH, CDC, US Dept HHS, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Wood, GO (reprint author), 40 San Juan St, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM GerryConsulting@cs.com NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 4 IS 5 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1080/15459620701277468 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 165WS UT WOS:000246338600011 PM 17454504 ER PT J AU Bakke, B Stewart, PA Waters, MA AF Bakke, Berit Stewart, Patricia A. Waters, Martha A. TI Uses of and exposure to trichloroethylene in US industry: A systematic literature review SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Review DE case-control study; degreasing; exposure assessment; SIC; trichloroethylene ID ACUTE RENAL-FAILURE; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; VAPOR DEGREASERS; CELL CANCER; WORKERS; INHALATION; MORTALITY; SOLVENTS; DISEASE AB This article describes a systematic review of the industrial hygiene literature for uses of trichloroethylene (TCE) in industry for the exposure assessment of two population-based case control studies of brain cancer in the United States. Papers and reports that address uses of and exposures to TCE were identified from MEDLINE, TOXLINE, NIOSHTIC, the NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation database (keywords: chlorinated solvents and trichloroethylene), and in other reviews. This search was complemented by reviewing the reference lists from the identified literature. The collected information was systematized by the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, and measurement data reported in the literature were summarized in a database. TCE use was extensive front the early 1920s through the 1970s mainly as a degreasing agent in metal-fabricating operations. After the 1970s it became less popular because of environmental concerns. TCE historically has had a multitude of uses in many other industries, e.g., dry cleaning, textile, electronics, leather, and rubber. Also, many products like adhesives, drugs, paints, inks, and various industrial products have contained TCE. It was banned as a food additive and in cosmetics in 1977. The arithmetic mean (AM) of the measurements across all industries and decades was 38.2 ppm. The highest personal and area air levels were reported in vapor degreasing (AM of 44.6 ppm). Most TCE measurements were performed in the 1950s, 1970s, and 1980s. The data described here could be used by exposure assessors as is to identify the presence and approximate levels of exposure. Using the same information as a basis should increase the reliability of the assessments, making it easier to compare both the exposure assessment methods and the epidemiologic results across different studies. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, US Dept HHS,NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Natl Inst Occupat Hlth, Oslo, Norway. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Stewart, PA (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, US Dept HHS,NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd,Bldg EPS 8102, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM stewartt@epndce.nci.nih.gov RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 174 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 4 IS 5 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.1080/15459620701301763 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 165WS UT WOS:000246338600012 PM 17454505 ER PT J AU MacDonald, PDM Langley, RL Howell, RJ AF MacDonald, Pia D. M. Langley, Ricky L. Howell, Ronald J. TI Case study - Erythema and conjunctivitis: Investigation of an outbreak in a school gymnasium caused by unintentional exposure to ultraviolet radiation from metal halide lamps SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Gen Communicable Dis Control Branch, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Raleigh, NC USA. RP MacDonald, PDM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 4 IS 5 BP D46 EP D49 DI 10.1080/15459620701246513 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 165WS UT WOS:000246338600003 PM 17365503 ER PT J AU Li, JH Marks, SM Driver, CR Diaz, FA Castro, AF de Regner, AF Gibson, AE Dokubo-Okereke, K Munsiff, SS AF Li, Jiehui Marks, Suzanne M. Driver, Cynthia R. Diaz, Francisco A. Castro, Alejandro F., III de Regner, Annette Figueroa Gibson, Aurelia E. Dokubo-Okereke, Kinta Munsiff, Sonal S. CA Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies TI Human immunodeficiency virus counseling, testing, and referral of close contacts to patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: Feasibility and costs SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE contacts; costs; HIV; tuberculosis ID HIV-INFECTED PERSONS; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS; RISK; PREVENTION; OUTCOMES; ANERGY AB Background: We aimed to increase human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling, testing, referral (CTR), and knowledge of HIV serostatus of close contacts of tuberculosis patients and improve tuberculosis screening and treatment of HIV-infected contacts. Methods: Of close contacts to infectious tuberculosis patients reported from December 2002 to November 2003, investigators (1) offered HIV CTR, (2) identified factors associated with HIV testing, and (3) assessed study costs. Results: Of 614 contacts, 569 (93%) were provided HIV information and offered HIV CTR. Of the 569, 58 (10%) were previously HIV tested; 165 (29%) were newly HIV tested; and 346 (61%) were not tested. None of the 165 newly HIV tested contacts were HIV infected. Contacts more likely to be newly HIV tested (vs not tested) included those aged 18-24, Hispanic, or non-Hispanic Black. Of 24 HIV-infected contacts, 71 percent received chest-radiograph screening for tuberculosis disease; 56 percent of 18 eligible for latent-tuberculosis-infection treatment started and half completed. It cost $1 per patient to provide HIV information and $5-$8 to offer HIV CTR. Conclusion: The project increased HIV CTR of close contacts of infectious tuberculosis patients. The important factor for success in knowing contacts' HIV serostatus was simply for TB program staff to ask about it and offer the test to those who did not know their status. C1 Bur TB Control, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Li, JH (reprint author), Bur TB Control, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 225 Broadway,22nd Floor,CN72B, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM jli1@health.nyc.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 252 EP 262 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 164QH UT WOS:000246248300005 PM 17435492 ER PT J AU Ottoson, J Rivera, M DeGroff, A Hackley, S Clark, C AF Ottoson, Judith Rivera, Mark DeGroff, Amy Hackley, Sara Clark, Cynthia TI On the road to the national objectives: A case study of diabetes prevention and control programs SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE case study research; diabetes prevention and control; model of influence; partnerships; prevention research; state public health programs ID PUBLIC-HEALTH PROBLEM; SCIENCE AB he purpose of this case study research was to understand common characteristics of high-performing Diabetes Prevention and Control Programs (DPCPs) that enable them to achieve national diabetes objectives within a Model of Influence. The case consisted of five selected DPCPs in California, Kentucky, Minnesota, New York, and Utah. Visits to each site facilitated data collection including document reviews, interviews, and observations. Data analysis involved content analysis, developing typologies, pattern matching, member checking, and triangulation. Results indicate that high-performing DPCPs share the following common characteristics in efforts to achieve national objectives: (1) fit the context, (2) assume multiple roles, (3) build relationships, (4) negotiate systems, (5) frame with a public health perspective, and (6) understand that there is "something about diabetes." Results provide insights for public health leadership to strengthen capacities of comparable state-based programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. US Govt Accountabil Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Ottoson, J (reprint author), 66 Santa Paula Ave, San Francisco, CA 94127 USA. EM jottoson@comcast.net NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 287 EP 295 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 164QH UT WOS:000246248300009 PM 17435496 ER PT J AU Iwane, MK Singleton, JA Walton, K Coulen, C Wooten, K AF Iwane, Marika K. Singleton, James A. Walton, Kimp Coulen, Charmaine Wooten, Karen TI Assessing influenza vaccine utilization in physician offices serving adult patients: Experience during a season of vaccine delays and shortages SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE influenza; physicians; vaccination; vaccine shortage ID MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY-CARE; IMMUNIZATION; INTERVENTIONS; RATES AB Background: Influenza vaccination among US adults has plateaued at suboptimal levels. Severe delays and shortages of influenza vaccine prompted revised guidances to prioritize vaccine first to persons at greatest risk for serious influenza complications and to create vaccine stockpiles. Objectives: (1) Pilot an assessment of influenza vaccine use in a large sample of physician offices with adult patients. (2) Apply the method to assess vaccine receipt by age and risk groups. Methods: Influenza vaccination and risk status for the 2000-2001 season were obtained from record review conducted in November 2001 to April 2002 for adult patients in a sample of physicians' offices in eight states. Participating physicians also completed a questionnaire. Results: The assessment method was feasible to implement. One hundred eighteen physicians participated. They administered more than 83 percent of doses to prioritized groups in October and November compared with 74 percent of doses during the entire season. Office-based vaccination coverage was less than 40 percent in all age and risk groups, More than 50 percent of participating physicians reported unused doses. Conclusions: Office-based assessments of vaccine utilization can be a valuable evaluation tool. Vaccine distribution was consistent with recommendations to target early vaccination to priority groups. Results highlight the difficulty distributing vaccine late in the season and the need for strategies to improve vaccination coverage, particularly when vaccine supply is inadequate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Iwane, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM miwane@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 307 EP 313 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 164QH UT WOS:000246248300011 PM 17435498 ER PT J AU Barrios, LC Jones, SE Gallagher, SS AF Barrios, Lisa C. Jones, Sherry Everett Gallagher, Susan S. TI Legal liability: The consequences of school injury SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cost; injury; injury prevention; liability; school ID NONFATAL INJURIES; STUDENT ACCIDENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD; HEALTH; SAFE AB BACKGROUND: Approximately 10-25% of child and adolescent injuries occur at school. Little is known about school-related injuries to teachers and other adults or about the direct cost of injuries to schools. This study examined the characteristics of cases involving injuries resulting in lawsuits against schools, compared cases in which schools paid awards with those in which schools did not pay awards, and compared student and nonstudent injuries resulting in lawsuits against schools. METHODS: Descriptions of cases of school liability for personal injury that were tried or settled between July 1996 and May 2002 were purchased from jury Verdict Research, which maintains a national database of verdicts and settlements. The 455 cases reviewed were coded according to the characteristics of the case, school, award, and injured party. RESULTS: In two thirds of the cases, schools or school districts paid an award to plaintiffs (mean = $562,915, median = $50,000). In most cases, the injured party was male (57.1%) and younger than 18 years of age (79.9%). Fractures (38.9%) were the most common type of injury. Falls (21.9%) were the most common cause of injury. Among cases of intentional injury, 93.2% involved an injury to a student; among cases of unintentional injury, 74.6% involved injury to a student. CONCLUSIONS: Preventing school-related injuries is an ethical and legal obligation for schools and school districts. Prevention is also critical because a wide range of injuries are litigated, and such lawsuits often require schools and school districts to pay costly awards to injured parties. C1 CDC, Res Applicat Branch, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Educ Dev Ctr Inc, Newton, MA 02458 USA. RP Barrios, LC (reprint author), CDC, Res Applicat Branch, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Lbarrios@cdc.gov; SeverettJones@cdc.gov; sgallagher@cdc.org NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00203.x PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 159UM UT WOS:000245893100010 PM 17430440 ER PT J AU Wright, JD Borrud, LG McDowell, MA Wang, CY Radimer, K Johnson, CL AF Wright, Jacqueline D. Borrud, Lori G. McDowell, Margaret A. Wang, Chia-Yih Radimer, Kathy Johnson, Clifford L. TI Nutrition assessment in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ADULTS; NHANES AB The objective of this study is to describe the components of nutrition assessment in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. The study design was a cross-sectional survey with a nationally representative sample of the US population. The survey participants were interviewed and completed a physical examination. From 1999 to 2002, a total of 25,316 people were included in the eligible sample, 21,004 people (83%) were interviewed, and 19,759 people (78% of the eligible sample) were examined. Dietary assessment consisted of a 24-hour dietary recall interview and questions on supplement use, food security, food-program participation, and other behaviors. Nutrition assessment included anthropometric measurements and body-composition assessment. A number of nutrition biochemistries were measured in blood and urine specimens. In addition, an assessment of cardiovascular fitness and questions on physical activity were included. Data are used to estimate population reference distributions and to monitor trends over time. Data have been used to evaluate the, adequacy of nutrient intake using the Dietary Reference Intakes, to assist in development of nutrition policies related to obesity, and to evaluate policies such as folic acid fortification. The NHANES contributes to the knowledge and understanding of nutrition and health status in the US population through public-use microdata files for use by researchers in academia, in the private sector, and in government agencies. Continuous data collection will allow the NHANES to provide more timely information for policy development and evaluation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Wright, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4419, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM JWright@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 107 IS 5 BP 822 EP 829 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.02.017 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 165UD UT WOS:000246330400026 PM 17467380 ER PT J AU Liburd, LC Namageyo-Funa, A Jack, L AF Liburd, Leandris C. Namageyo-Funa, Apophia Jack, Leonard, Jr. TI Understanding "masculinity" and the challenges of managing type-2 diabetes among African-American men SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE diabetes; African Americans; men's health; patient-physician relationship ID GLYCEMIC CONTROL; PROJECT DIRECT; HEALTH; COMMUNITY; COMPLICATIONS; DEPRESSION; ADULTS AB African-American men bear a greater, burden of type-2 diabetes and its associated complications. The purpose of this analysis was to explore in greater depth themes that emerged. in illness narratives of a small sample of African-American men living with type-2 diabetes. The primary theme that is the focus of this article is the lived experience of black manhood-and masculinity and its intersection with the challenges of diabetes self-management. In-depth interviews with 16 African-American men who had established type-2 diabetes yielded thematic analyses of four questions: 1) What do you fear most about having diabetes? 2) In what ways have people in your life treated you differently after learning you have diabetes? 3) In what ways has knowing you have diabetes affected the way you see yourself? and 4) What are some reactions when you tell people you have diabetes?. This preliminary study suggests that the requirements of diabetes self-management often run counter to the traditional sex roles and learned behaviors of African-American men, and this can contribute to nonadherence to medications and poor glycemic control. Gender identity is a key cultural factor that influences health-related behaviors, including how men with type-2 diabetes engage with the healthcare system and manage their diabetes, Understanding African-American men's gender identity is an important component of cultural competency for physicians and can be consequential in patient outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Jackson State Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Jackson, MS USA. RP Liburd, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lel1@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 99 IS 5 BP 550 EP + PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 167RJ UT WOS:000246468500009 PM 17534013 ER PT J AU Burt, RD Hagan, H Garfein, RS Sabin, K Weinbaum, C Thiede, H AF Burt, Richard D. Hagan, Holly Garfein, Richard S. Sabin, Keith Weinbaum, Cindy Thiede, Hanne TI Trends in hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus prevalence, risk behaviors, and preventive measures among Seattle injection drug users aged 18-30 years, 1994-2004 SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; injection drug users; adolescents; needle sharing; needle exchange; hepatitis B vaccination ID NEW-YORK-CITY; YOUNG INJECTION; SAN-FRANCISCO; INFECTION; HIV; SEROCONVERSION; OPPORTUNITIES; TRANSMISSION; VACCINATION; BALTIMORE AB Injection drug users (IDUs) are at risk for infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Information on time trends in prevalence of these viruses among IDUs and in behaviors influencing their transmission can help define the status of these epidemics and of public health efforts to control them. We conducted a secondary data analysis combining cross-sectional data from IDUs aged 18-30 years enrolled in four Seattle-area studies from 1994 to 2004. Participants in all four studies were tested for antibody to HIV (anti-HIV), hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), and HCV (anti-HCV), and completed behavioral risk assessments. Logistic regression was used to investigate trends in prevalence over time after controlling for sociodemographic, drug use, and sexual behavior variables. Between 1994 and 2004, anti-HBc prevalence declined from 43 to 15% (p < 0.001), anti-HCV prevalence fell from 68 to 32% (p < 0.001) and anti-HIV prevalence remained constant at 2-3%. Declines in anti-HBc and anti-HCV prevalence were observed within the individual studies, although not all these declines were statistically significant. The declines in anti-HBc and anti-HCV prevalence remained significant after control for confounding. Although we did not observe coincident declines in injection equipment sharing practices, there were increases in self-reported needle-exchange use, condom use, and hepatitis B vaccination. We conclude that there has been a substantial and sustained reduction in prevalence rates for HBV and HCV infection among young Seattle IDUs, while HIV rates have remained low and stable. C1 Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. Natl Dev & Res Inst, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burt, RD (reprint author), Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. EM richard.burt@metrokc.gov OI Sabin, Keith/0000-0002-2290-8621 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA15026, R01 DA015026, 1R01DA08023, DA 11447, DA08023]; PHS HHS [U62/CCU006260] NR 45 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 436 EP 454 DI 10.1007/s11524-007-9178-2 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 168JX UT WOS:000246522000011 PM 17356901 ER PT J AU Kinde, H Read, DH Daft, BM Manzer, M Nordhausen, RW Kelly, DJ Fuerst, PA Booton, G Visvesvara, GS AF Kinde, Hailu Read, Deryck H. Daft, Barbara M. Manzer, Michael Nordhausen, Robert W. Kelly, Daryl J. Fuerst, Paul A. Booton, Gregory Visvesvara, Govinda S. TI Infections caused by pathogenic free-living amebas (Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba sp.) in horses SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Acanthamoeba culbertsoni; Balamuthia mandrillaris; granulomatous amebic encephalitis ID MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; IDENTIFICATION; NAEGLERIA; KERATITIS; HUMANS; GENUS AB This article describes amebic infections in 4 horses: granulomatous amebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba culbertsoni and systemic infections caused by Acanthamoeba sp. The former infection occurred in I of 4 horses spontaneously without any underlying conditions; the latter amebic infection was perhaps "opportunistic" considering the visceral involvement by this protozoan in association with Aspergillus sp. and/or Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. The clinicopathologic findings and demonstration of the amebic organisms using immunohistochemical techniques, culture, polymerase chain reactions, and electron microscopy are presented. C1 CAHFS San Bernardino Branch, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. CAHFS Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Biol Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kinde, H (reprint author), CAHFS San Bernardino Branch, 105 W Cent Ave, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. EM hkinde@ucdavis.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [EY09073, R01 EY009073-13] NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 317 EP 322 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 165SY UT WOS:000246327200018 PM 17459867 ER PT J AU Anderson, TC Grimes, L Pompey, J Osborne, C Dodds, WJ Katz, JM Courtney, CH Crawford, PC AF Anderson, T. C. Grimes, L. Pompey, J. Osborne, C. Dodds, W. J. Katz, J. M. Courtney, C. H. Crawford, P. C. TI Circulation in racing greyhounds from 1999 to 2003. SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Viral Pathogenesis Sect, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Hemopet Pet Life Line, Garden Grove, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 1997 WADSWORTH BOULEVARD, STE A, LAKEWOOD, CO 80214-5293 USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 MA 16 BP 576 EP 577 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 167EY UT WOS:000246435200048 ER PT J AU Teo, CG AF Teo, C. G. TI The two clinico-epidemiological forms of hepatitis E SO JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS LA English DT Review ID E VIRUS-INFECTION; VIREMIA; SPREAD; PREVALENCE; COUNTRIES; ANTIBODY; RODENTS; DISEASE; INDIA; NEPAL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Teo, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM enz0@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1352-0504 J9 J VIRAL HEPATITIS JI J. Viral Hepatitis PD MAY PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 BP 295 EP 297 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2007.00857.x PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 155YH UT WOS:000245614200001 PM 17439517 ER PT J AU Li, Y Ropp, SL Zhao, H Damon, IK Esposito, JJ AF Li, Yu Ropp, Susan L. Zhao, Hui Damon, Inger K. Esposito, Joseph J. TI Orthopoxvirus pan-genomic DNA assay SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE poxvirus; orthopoxvirus; diagnostic test; genome; genomics; DNA; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ID VARIOLA SMALLPOX VIRUS; MONKEYPOX-VIRUS; VACCINIA VIRUS; CAMELPOX VIRUS; PCR; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE AB A genome-spanning assay is described that enables laboratory confirmation of infections with orthopoxviruses (OPVs), particularly Vaccinia, Monkeypox, and Variola viruses, which can cause vesiculo-pustular rash illnesses in humans. The assay uses a series of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons that overlap to span the approximately 200 kilobase pair linear DNA genome of OPVs. Corresponding amplicons of different viral isolates can then be compared by matching their restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) gel electrophoresis patterns. The PCR step does not necessarily require viral growth to produce sufficient DNA for the RFLP comparisons. The assay would be useful as a prelude to sequencing entire or partial DNA genome regions of various OPVs, including natural or recombinant OPVs and potentially dangerous bioengineered OPVs designed to express foreign DNA or other viruses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID, NCPDCID, DSR,BCFB, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch,Div Viral & Rickettsial, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Esposito, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID, NCPDCID, DSR,BCFB, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-36,Bldg 6,Rm 266, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jesposito@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAY PY 2007 VL 141 IS 2 BP 154 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.12.005 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 162JN UT WOS:000246083200006 PM 17254642 ER PT J AU Bihl, F Narayan, M Chisholm, JV Henry, LM Suscovich, TJ Brown, EE Welzel, TM Kaufmann, DE Zaman, TM Dollard, S Martin, JN Wang, F Scadden, DT Kaye, KM Brander, C AF Bihl, Florian Narayan, Murli Chisholm, John V. Henry, Leah M. Suscovich, Todd J. Brown, Elizabeth E. Welzel, Tania M. Kaufmann, Daniel E. Zaman, Tauheed M. Dollard, Sheila Martin, Jeff N. Wang, Fred Scadden, David T. Kaye, Kenneth M. Brander, Christian TI Lytic and latent antigens of the human gammaherpesviruses Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus induce T-cell responses with similar functional properties and memory phenotypes SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION; EPITOPES; IMPACT; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8; IMMUNODOMINANCE; IDENTIFICATION; COINFECTION; LYMPHOCYTES; EVOLUTION AB The cellular immunity against Kaposils sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is poorly characterized and has not been compared to T-cell responses against other human herpesviruses. Here, novel and dominant targets of KSHV-specific cellular immunity are identified and compared to T cells specific for lytic and latent antigens in a second human gammaherpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus. The data identify a novel HILA-B57- and HLA-B58-restricted epitope in the Orf57 protein and show consistently close parallels in immune phenotypes and functional response patterns between cells targeting lytic or latent KSHV- and EBV-encoded antigens, suggesting common mechanisms in the induction of these responses. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Viral Epidemiol Branch, US Dept HHS,NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Harvard Univ, Lemuel Shattuck Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Canc Ctr,Ctr Regenerat Med & Technol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Stem Cell Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Brander, C (reprint author), MGH E, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, 5th Floor,5239,13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. EM cbrander@partners.org OI Brander, Christian/0000-0002-0548-5778 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01 CP 21121]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI060354, P30 AI 060534]; NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE 01438-01] NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 81 IS 9 BP 4904 EP 4908 DI 10.1128/JVI.02509-06 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 168DE UT WOS:000246501900057 PM 17329344 ER PT J AU Albarino, CG Bird, BH Nichol, ST AF Albarino, Cesar G. Bird, Brian H. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Shared transcription termination signal on negative and ambisense RNA genome segments of Rift Valley fever, sandfly fever Sicilian, and Toscana viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STEM-LOOP STRUCTURE; SPOTTED-WILT-VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNAS; INTERGENIC REGION; PUNTA-TORO; S-SEGMENT; PHLEBOVIRUS; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; REPLICATION AB The Phlebovirus genus (family Bunyaviridae) is composed of a diverse group of arboviruses that cause disease syndromes ranging from mild febrile illness to hemorrhagic fever with high fatality. Although antigenically similar, these viruses differ by approximately 25% at the genome level, and their ecologies, including geographic ranges, preferred vector species, and hosts, vary considerably. In contrast to other ambisense viruses, where RNA hairpin structures which serve as transcription termination signals are frequently found separating the opposite-sense open reading frames, no evidence of predicted high-energy hairpin structures was found at the ambisense junctions of phlebovirus S RNA segments. However, a conserved sequence motif was identified on both negative and ambisense genome segments that functions as a transcription termination signal for the N, NSs, and GPC mRNAs in three diverse phleboviruses, namely, Rift Valley fever, sandfly Sicilian, and Toscana viruses. The exact termination of nascent virus mRNA molecules was determined by 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Surprisingly, analysis of the termini of mRNAs from both S and M segments of these three viruses revealed that transcription termination occurred immediately upstream of a conserved sequence motif with the general features 3'-C(1-3)GUCG/A-5'. In contrast, no corresponding sequence motif was found in the L segments, and analysis indicated a "runoff" transcript approach to L mRNA termination. The absolute requirement of the identified transcription termination motif was demonstrated by using a highly efficient Rift Valley fever virus reverse genetics system to generate live recombinant viruses with S segments lacking the termination signal motif for the NP or NSs mRNA and showing that these recombinant viruses generated mRNAs that failed to terminate correctly. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM snichol@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 81 IS 10 BP 5246 EP 5256 DI 10.1128/JVI.02778-06 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 167PS UT WOS:000246464200033 PM 17329326 ER PT J AU Theis, KA Helmick, CG Hootman, JM AF Theis, Kristina A. Helmick, Charles G. Hootman, Jennifer M. TI Arthritis burden and impact are greater among US women than men: Intervention opportunities SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OLDER-ADULTS; EXERCISE; MANAGEMENT; PREVALENCE AB Objectives: To summarize arthritis burden and impact among women compared with men, using updated surveillance and impact measures; to describe public health approaches to arthritis; and to review effective, evidence-based arthritis self-management interventions. Results: Arthritis continues to burden the U. S. population as the leading cause of physical disability and affects women disproportionately: women with arthritis report greater prevalence of activity and work limitations, psychological distress, and severe joint pain than their male counterparts. Three main public health interventions can reduce arthritis impact: self-management education, physical activity, and weight management. Self-management education programs are proven to reduce pain and depression, delay disability, improve self-efficacy, physical function, and quality of life, and reduce healthcare costs. Appropriate physical activity decreases pain, improves function, and delays disability. The American College of Rheumatology recommends maintaining a healthy weight to benefit patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis. Women appear more receptive to certain information delivery methods (i.e., physician counseling) than men, suggesting gender-specific targeting of interventions may be of use. Conclusions: Effective interventions remain underused. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Arthritis Program and its partners, including state arthritis programs, continue their efforts to build the arthritis public health science base, monitor burden and impact, evaluate and disseminate evidence-based interventions, and work to decrease and delay disability, and increase quality of life among those with arthritis. As new approaches are developed, women and other disproportionately impacted groups merit particular consideration in tailoring and delivering programs to reduce arthritis burden. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Theis, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM KTheis@cdc.gov RI Agaliotis, Maria/G-5334-2012 NR 48 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 441 EP 453 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.371 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 171DD UT WOS:000246714200001 PM 17521246 ER PT J AU Hood, JR Parker, C Atrash, HK AF Richardson Hood, Jessie Parker, Christopher Atrash, Hani K. TI Recommendations to improve preconception health and health care: Strategies for implementation SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Promoting preconception health and health care is widely accepted as a useful prevention strategy to lessen adverse maternal and infant health outcomes. There remains, however, a lack of national standards of practice or a comprehensive agenda to ensure that all women of childbearing age receive appropriate services that will enable them to achieve optimal health before any pregnancy. To address this need, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched the Preconception Health and Health Care Initiative, which aims to improve the health of women before pregnancy. In 2005, the CDC sponsored the first National Summit on Preconception Care, bringing together over 400 participants to share their expertise and information about various activities currently underway. In conjunction with the National Summit, a Select Panel on Preconception Care, a group of experts and representatives of 35 national organizations and 22 CDC programs, was convened. Based on the literature, presentations made at the National Summit, and deliberations during the Select Panel meeting, the recommendations to improve Preconception Health and Health Care - United States were developed. In order to move the recommendations from paper to practice, the Select Panel was convened to develop strategies to implement the recommendations across three areas: clinical practice, consumer roles, and public health practice. Future plans include developing a research agenda, supporting existing and new research activities, and developing policy and financing initiatives that will advance the practice of preconception health and health care. In addition, a Second National Summit is being planned. This paper describes current and future activities to implement the recommendations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hood, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,M3-E87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JRichardsonHood@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 454 EP 457 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.CDC3 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 171DD UT WOS:000246714200002 PM 17521247 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Yore, MM Kohl, HW AF Kruger, Judy Yore, Michelle M. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Leisure-time physical activity patterns by weight control status: 1999-2002 NHANES SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE exercise; weight loss; weight management; health promotion ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; LOSE WEIGHT; ACTIVITY BEHAVIORS; HEALTH; DETERMINANTS; MAINTENANCE; POPULATION; ADULTS; OBESE; WOMEN AB Introduction: Regular physical activity reduces the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and some cancers. Physical activity is associated inversely with overweight and obesity prevalence, thus potentially assisting in weight control efforts. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the variability of physical activity levels and their patterns by self-reported weight control status in a nationally representative sample. Methods: Four years of data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to examine leisure-time physical activity patterns (regular, irregular, inactive) and the prevalence of weight control practices (trying to lose, trying to maintain, not trying to lose or maintain) among U.S. adults (N=9496). Results: The prevalence of regular physical activity was 32.6% among people trying to lose weight, 37.9% among people trying to maintain weight, and 21.8% among those not trying to lose or maintain weight. Those trying to lose weight were almost three times as likely to be regularly active (vs inactive), and those trying to maintain weight were over three times more likely to be regularly active (vs inactive) than those not trying to lose or maintain weight. The most commonly reported activities among those trying to lose weight were walking (38.3%), yard work (14.5%), biking (12.5%), and running (11.6%). Conclusions: Despite the importance of physical activity, fewer than half the people trying to lose or maintain weight were regularly active during leisure-time. People trying to lose or maintain weight had a higher likelihood of being regularly active than those not trying to lose or maintain weight. Walking was the most common type of physical activity among all weight control groups. Health promotion efforts should promote increased levels of physical activity among all adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Ezk0@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 5 BP 788 EP 795 DI 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180333efc PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 164XW UT WOS:000246269200005 PM 17468575 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Ham, SA Kohl, HW AF Kruger, Judy Ham, Sandra A. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Characteristics of a "weekend warrior": Results from two national surveys SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE exercise; sports; physical fitness; physical activity ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DISEASE; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; EXERCISE; HEALTH; TRIAL; RISK AB Purpose. Little is known about high volumes of irregular weekly physical activity, such as long periods of physical activity performed on weekends (e.g., by "weekend warriors"). The purpose of this paper is to describe the prevalence, estimated energy expenditure, and types of activities that are performed by adults who engage in irregular patterns of physical activity (1-2 d-wk(-1)) with >= 150 min-wk(-1) of total time spent in activity. Methods: Two national datasets were analyzed to describe the proportion of the U.S. adult population who participate in irregular patterns of physical activity that are equivalent in total volume to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American College of Sports Medicine recommendations for physical activity, but with infrequent weekly participation. Data from the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to classify weekend warriors as those who participate in 1-2 d.wk(-1) of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity totaling >= 150 min.wk(-1). The 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to describe participation in transportation, household, and sports and exercise by weekend warriors. Results: Approximately 1-3% of U.S. adults were classified as weekend warriors by both surveys. The median energy expenditure did not vary by sex. Approximately 81% of weekend warriors participated in household or transportation activities, and 65% participated in sports or exercise. Conclusions: These survey data indicate that relatively few adults participate in the weekend warrior pattern of activity on 1-2 d.wk(-1) at volumes that approximate recommended levels. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ezk0@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 5 BP 796 EP 800 DI 10.1249/mss.0b013e318031faac PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 164XW UT WOS:000246269200006 PM 17468576 ER PT J AU Anderton, JM Rajam, G Romero-Steiner, S Summer, S Kowalczyk, AP Carlone, GM Sampson, JS Ades, EW AF Anderton, Julie M. Rajam, Gowrisankar Romero-Steiner, Sandra Summer, Susan Kowalczyk, Andrew P. Carlone, George M. Sampson, Jacquelyn S. Ades, Edwin W. TI E-cadherin is a receptor for the common protein pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; PsaA; E-cadherin ID NASOPHARYNGEAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; PERMEASE COMPLEX; ADHERENCE; COLONIZATION; VIRULENCE; EXPRESSION; ANTIBODIES; DISEASE; IMMUNIZATION AB Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc) binds to nasopharyngeal (NP) epithelial cells in the first steps of nasopharyngeal carriage and colonization through bacterial adhesins. The pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) has previously been reported to play a significant role in pneumococcal adherence and colonization. Identification of a receptor for PsaA on human epithelium will aid in understanding the pathogenesis of this bacterium. Using recombinant PsaA covalently bound to fluorescent spheres (fluospheres), we show PsaA binds to NP cells through interaction with the human cellular receptor, E-cadherin. SDS-PAGE silver stain analysis demonstrates binding of PsaA to E-cadherin. Recombinant human E-cadherin binds to and blocks PsaA-coated fluospheres and whole transparent bacteria from adhering to NP cells, but does not block a Pnc PsaA(-) mutant. Recombinant E-selectin and human 041 integrin did not bind to or block PsaA-coated fluosphere adherence to NP cells. Likewise, if NP cells were preincubated with anti-E-cadherin antibody, there was a significant decrease (46%, P = 0.05) in PsaA-coated fluosphere adherence to the cells. Additionally, when using E-cadherin transfected cells, we observed PsaA-coated fluospheres bind more efficiently to cells which express E-cadherin. This work identifies E-cadherin as a receptor on human epithelial cells for the pneumococcal surface adhesin, PsaA. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Cell Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Dermatol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Ades, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 18-B104,M-S G-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ewa1@cdc.gov RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009; OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 45 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2007.02.003 PG 12 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 171SB UT WOS:000246754600007 PM 17412553 ER PT J AU Tsuchiya, M Tsukino, H Iwasaki, M Sasaki, H Tanaka, T Katoh, T Patterson, DG Turner, W Needham, L Tsugane, S AF Tsuchiya, Masaki Tsukino, Hiromasa Iwasaki, Motoki Sasaki, Hiroshi Tanaka, Tadao Katoh, Takahiko Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Turner, Wayman Needham, Larry Tsugane, Shoichiro TI Interaction between cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms and serum organochlorine TEQ levels in the risk of endometriosis SO MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE CYP1A1; CYP1B1; endometriosis; gene-environment interaction; organochlorine ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; DIOXIN CONCENTRATIONS; P4501A1 POLYMORPHISM; WOMEN; EXPOSURE; 1A1; POPULATION; METABOLISM AB Exposure to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been suggested as a possible etiologic factor for endometriosis, but the association remains highly controversial. To assess whether cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene polymorphisms modulate the effect of dioxins and/or PCBs in endometriosis risk, we conducted a case-control study among infertile Japanese women. A total of 138 eligible women aged 20-45 were diagnosed laparoscopically and classified into three subgroups: control (no endometriosis), early endometriosis (stages 1-H) and advanced endometriosis (stages IH-IV). Neither CYP1A1 Ile462Val and CYP1B1 Leu432Val polymorphisms (genotypes with versus genotypes without the minor allele) nor serum dioxin and PCB toxic equivalency (TEQ) levels (low versus high) were independently associated with either early or advanced endometriosis risk. However, genotypes with the CYP1A1 462Val allele showed a statistically significant reduced risk of advanced endometriosis in combination with high serum dioxin TEQ levels (adjusted odds ratio = 0.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.02-0.76) (P for interaction = 0.08). Although no association was found between serum PCB TEQ level and advanced endometriosis in any stratum of CYP1131 Leu432Val polymorphism, a statistically significant interaction was found (P for interaction = 0.05). CYP1A1 and CYPIBI polymorphisms may modify the relation between environmental exposure to organochlorine and advanced endometriosis risk. C1 Natl Canc Ctr, Res Ctr Canc Prevent & Screening, Epidemiol & Prevent Div, Chuo Ku, Tokyo 1040045, Japan. Jikei Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Tokyo, Japan. Miyazaki Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Miyazaki, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Iwasaki, M (reprint author), Natl Canc Ctr, Res Ctr Canc Prevent & Screening, Epidemiol & Prevent Div, Chuo Ku, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Tokyo 1040045, Japan. EM moiwasak@gan2.res.ncc.go.jp RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Tsugane, Shocichiro/A-2424-2015 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1360-9947 J9 MOL HUM REPROD JI Mol. Hum. Reprod. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 399 EP 404 DI 10.1093/molehr/gam018 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 180FS UT WOS:000247348500014 PM 17449539 ER PT J AU Fenster, L Eskenazi, B Anderson, M Bradman, A Hubbard, A Barr, DB AF Fenster, Laura Eskenazi, Brenda Anderson, Meredith Bradman, Asa Hubbard, Alan Barr, Dana B. TI In utero exposure to DDT and performance on the Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brazelton; DDT; DDE; neonatal behavioral assessment scale (NBAS); neurobehavioral outcomes; organochlorine; pesticides ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; AGRICULTURAL POPULATION; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; FETAL-GROWTH; HUMAN-SERUM; NEWBORN; PCBS; ASSOCIATION; GESTATION; CHILDREN AB We investigated whether decrements in neonatal neurodevelopment, as determined by the Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale (BNBAS), were associated with in utero exposure to dicblorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): p,p '-dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (p,p '-DDT), o,p '-dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (o,p '-DDT) and p,p '-DDT's primary breakdown product p,p '-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p '-DDE) (heretofore collectively referred to as DDT/DDE). Our subjects were a birth cohort of 303 infants whose mothers were low-income Latinas living in the Salinas Valley, an agricultural community in California. We assessed neonates <= 2 months old using the seven BNBAS clusters (habituation, orientation, motor performance, range of state, regulation of state, autonomic stability, and reflex) and examined performance in relationship to DDT/DDE measures in maternal serum samples collected during pregnancy. We did not find any detrimental associations between in utero DDT/DDE levels and neonatal performance on the BNBAS. In this same cohort, we previously demonstrated that exposures to DDT/DDE were related to decrements in neurodevelopment at 6-24 months of age. The failure to observe effects on the BNBAS in these same children may be due to limited sensitivity of a single BNBAS assessment or a delay in the manifestations of neurodevelopmental effects of DDT/DDE until after the neonatal period. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Impact Assessment Inc, Richmond, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fenster, L (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,bldg P,3rd Floor, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM flenster@dhs.ca.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES 009605, P01 ES009605]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH 007400, R01 OH007400] NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.12.009 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 186WH UT WOS:000247808700005 PM 17287022 ER PT J AU Menzel, NN Hughes, NL Waters, T Shores, LS Nelson, A AF Menzel, Nancy N. Hughes, Nancy L. Waters, Thomas Shores, Lynne S. Nelson, Audrey TI Preventing musculoskeletal disorders in nurses - A safe patient handling curriculum module for nursing schools SO NURSE EDUCATOR LA English DT Article ID THEORY-PRACTICE GAP; ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION; BACK-PAIN; PERSONNEL; INJURIES; PROGRAM; TASKS AB Nursing educators who teach outmoded manual patient handling techniques contribute to the widespread problem of musculoskeletal disorders in student and practicing nurses. The authors discuss the development and implementation of a new safe patient handling curriculum module, which was pilot tested in 26 nursing programs. The module changes the focus of patient handling education from body mechanics to equipment-assisted safe patient lifting programs that have been shown to protect nurses from injury and improve care. C1 Univ Nevada, Sch Nursing, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Amer Nurses Assoc, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Silver Spring, MD USA. NIOSH, Human Factors & Ergon Res Sect, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Belmont Univ, Nashville, TN USA. James A Haley Vet Adm Med Ctr, Patient Safety Ctr Inquiry, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Menzel, NN (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Nursing, 4505 Maryland Pkwy,Box 453018, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM dr.nancy@gmad.com RI Menzel, Nancy/A-8792-2011 OI Menzel, Nancy/0000-0003-1876-7253 FU PHS HHS [211-2004-M-09042] NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-3624 J9 NURS EDUC JI Nurs. Educ. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1097/01.NNE.0000270227.61414.79 PG 6 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 169YI UT WOS:000246627600011 PM 17496508 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Li, CY McGuire, LC Mokdad, AH Liu, SM AF Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang McGuire, Lisa C. Mokdad, Ali H. Liu, Simin TI Intake of dietary magnesium and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; health surveys; magnesium; nutrition; risk factors ID IMPROVES INSULIN SENSITIVITY; MEDIATED GLUCOSE DISPOSAL; BLOOD-PRESSURE; DOUBLE-BLIND; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; NONDIABETIC SUBJECTS; YOUNG-ADULTS; RESISTANCE; SUPPLEMENTATION; SERUM AB Objective: Limited data suggest that people with the metabolic syndrome have lower intakes or circulating concentrations of magnesium than those who do not have the syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between dietary intake of magnesium and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Research Methods and Procedures: We used data for 7669 participants >= 20 years of age of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1994). The metabolic syndrome was defined using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Magnesium intake was determined from a single dietary 24-hour recall. Results: The unadjusted prevalences of the metabolic syndrome were 29.0% (quintile of lowest magnesium intake), 27.5%. 25.8%. 23.9%, and 21.8% for increasing quintiles of magnesium intake (p for trend = 0.002). After multiple adjustment, the odds ratios for the second through the fifth quintiles (highest intake) of magnesium intake among all participants included in the analysis were 0.84 [95% confidence interval (Cl): 0.58, 1.23], 0.76 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.07), 0.62 (95% CI: 0.407 0.98). and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.92), respectively (p for trend = 0.029). The associations were similar for men and women. Discussion: Our results showing an inverse association between dietary magnesium intake and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome add to the evidence that adequate magnesium intake or a diet rich in magnesium may be important for maintaining good cardiometabolic health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Bufird Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 43 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD MAY PY 2007 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1139 EP 1146 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.628 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 169HJ UT WOS:000246583000010 PM 17495189 ER PT J AU Ryerson, AB Eheman, C Burton, J McCall, N Blackman, D Subramanian, S Richardson, LC AF Ryerson, A. Blythe Eheman, Christie Burton, Joseph McCall, Nancy Blackman, Don Subramanian, Suha Richardson, Lisa C. TI Symptoms, diagnoses, and time to key diagnostic procedures among older US women with ovarian cancer SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA ID STAGE AB OBJECTIVE: To examine the types of symptoms and diagnostic procedures reported in Medicare claims 12 months before diagnosis for women with ovarian cancer by stage, and to assess the association between types of symptoms and time to key diagnostic procedures. METHODS: Medicare claims linked to records in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries were used to examine diagnosis and procedure codes in 3,250 women aged 65 years and older before a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. RESULTS: Over 81% of women with ovarian cancer had at least one target sign or symptom before diagnosis. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.04, 951% confidence interval [CII 1.40-2.98), and constipation, diarrhea, or other digestive disorders (aOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.58-2.56) were associated with later-stage cancer. In contrast, gyneco- logic symptoms such as abnormal bleeding (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34-0.58) and genital organ pain (aOR 0.66,95% CI 0.53-0.80) were associated with earlier disease. Among those with at least one symptom, the rate at which women with gynecologic symptoms went to surgery was higher (hazard ratio 5.5, 95% CI 5.1-6.0) than the rate for women with othernongastrointestinal ovarian cancer-related symptoms. CONCLUSION: Women with ovarian cancer presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms were more likely to have later-stage disease and longer time to key diagnostic tests than those with gynecologic symptoms. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for unresolved gastrointestinal symptoms to be indicators for ovarian cancer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Ryerson, AB (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ARyerson@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 109 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1061 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000260392.70365.5e PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 171YP UT WOS:000246771600006 PM 17470582 ER PT J AU Hoppin, JA Umbach, DM Kullman, GJ Henneberger, PK London, SJ Alavanja, MCR Sandler, DP AF Hoppin, Jane A. Umbach, David M. Kullman, Greg J. Henneberger, Paul K. London, Stephanie J. Alavanja, Michael C. R. Sandler, Dale P. TI Pesticides and other agricultural factors associated with self-reported farmer's lung among farm residents in the Agricultural Health Study SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MATCHED CONTROL FARMERS; HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; FOLLOW-UP; EXPOSURE; MACROPHAGES; APPLICATORS; DISEASE; ASTHMA; RISK; SELECTION AB Background: Farmer's lung, or hypersensitivity pneumonitis, is an important contributor to respiratory morbidity among farmers. Methods: Using the 1993 - 7 enrolment data from the Agricultural Health Study, we conducted a cross-sectional study of occupational risk factors for farmer's lung among,50 000 farmers and farm spouses in Iowa and North Carolina using hierarchical logistic regression controlling for age, state, and smoking status. Participants provided information on agricultural exposures, demographic characteristics, and medical history via self- administered questionnaires. Approximately 2% of farmers (n = 481) and 0.2% of spouses (n = 51) reported doctor- diagnosed farmer's lung during their lifetime. We assessed farmers and spouses separately due to different information on occupational exposure history. Only pesticide exposures represented lifetime exposure history, all other farm exposures represented current activities at enrolment. Results: Among farmers, handling silage (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.82), high pesticide exposure events (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.21), and ever use of organochlorine (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.74) and carbamate pesticides (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.68) were associated with farmer's lung in mutually-adjusted models. The insecticides DDT, lindane, and aldicarb were positively associated with farmer's lung among farmers. Current animal exposures, while not statistically significant, were positively associated with farmer's lung, particularly for poultry houses (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.58) and dairy cattle (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.89). The occupational data were more limited for spouses; however, we saw similar associations for dairy cattle (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 0.72 to 3.14) and organochlorine pesticides (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.59). Conclusion: While historic farm exposures may contribute to the observed associations with pesticides, these results suggest that organochlorine and carbamate pesticides should be further evaluated as potential risk factors for farmer's lung. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Sci, Morgantown, WV USA. NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Sci, Rockville, MD USA. RP Hoppin, JA (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, MD A3-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hoppin1@niehs.nih.gov OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES049030-09] NR 40 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 64 IS 5 BP 334 EP 342 DI 10.1136/oem.2006.028480 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 163MB UT WOS:000246162800007 PM 17182642 ER PT J AU Okoro, C Strine, T McGuire, L Balluz, L Mokdad, A AF Okoro, Catherine Strine, Tara McGuire, Lisa Balluz, Lina Mokdad, Ali TI Employment status and frequent mental distress among adults with disabilities SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE disabilities; disabled adults; employment status; frequent mental distress; mental health AB Background It has been postulated that poor mental health can lead to disability and disability can lead to unemployment. However, the association between poor mental health and employment status among adults with disabilities has not been well characterized in population-based studies. Aim To examine the association between employment status and frequent mental distress (FMD; 14 or more mentally unhealthy days during the previous 30 days) among adults with disabilities. Methods Cross-sectional data were analysed for 47 377 community-dwelling US adults aged 25-64 years with disabilities that participated in the 2001 and 2003 Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System. Logistic regression analysis was applied. Results Among adults with disabilities, the unadjusted prevalence of FMD was 18% (SE 0.4) among those employed, 40% (SE 1.3) among those unemployed and 44% (SE 0.8) among those unable to work. After adjustments were made for age, sex and race/ethnicity, the results indicated that adults with disabilities who were unemployed or unable to work were significantly more likely than those employed to have FMD (adjusted prevalence: 39 and 45%, respectively, versus 18%; P < 0.001). These associations persisted after further adjusting for education, marital status, health risk behaviours, body mass index, health care coverage and self-rated general health (34 and 36%, respectively, versus 19%; P < 0.001). Conclusion These findings demonstrate the need for research and development of public health interventions to reduce the toll of mental distress among all adults with disabilities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Okoro, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cao0@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0962-7480 J9 OCCUP MED-OXFORD JI Occup. Med.-Oxf. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 57 IS 3 BP 217 EP 220 DI 10.1093/occmed/kql177 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 162YJ UT WOS:000246125100011 PM 17229716 ER PT J AU Carmichael, SL Shaw, GM Laurent, C Olney, RS Lammer, EJ AF Carmichael, Suzan L. Shaw, Gary M. Laurent, Cecile Olney, Richard S. Lammer, Edward J. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention TI Maternal reproductive and demographic characteristics as risk factors for hypospadias SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypospadias; congenital malformations; maternal BMI; maternal age; parity; fertility; maternal education; multiple births; nausea and vomiting ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; GERM-CELL CANCER; HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM; HORMONE-LEVELS; BREAST-CANCER; PREGNANCY ESTRIOL; TESTICULAR CANCER; UNITED-STATES; MALE RATS; CRYPTORCHIDISM AB This study examined the association of hypospadias risk with several maternal reproductive and demographic characteristics: age, parity, body mass index (BMI), nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), multiple pregnancy, fertility treatments and procedures, education and race-ethnicity. The study included data on deliveries with estimated due dates from October 1997 to December 2000 that were part of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multi-state case-control study of many birth defects. The analysis included 502 cases with second or third degree hypospadias (i.e. the urethra opened at the penile shaft, scrotum or perineum) and 1286 male, liveborn, non-malformed controls. Risks were estimated from a multivariable logistic regression model that included all exposures of interest. Results indicated particularly elevated risks among births to women who were primiparae, aged >= 35 years and had a BMI of > 26, compared with women who were multiparae, aged < 30 years and had a BMI of <= 26 [adjusted OR 12.5, 95% CI 5.1, 30.8]. NVP at least once per day during the second or third month of pregnancy vs. no NVP was associated with slightly reduced risk [OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6, 1.1]. Multiple birth, fertility treatments and college education were associated with increased risks, and Hispanic race-ethnicity was associated with reduced risk. Although the potential contribution of underlying maternal endocrine parameters to the current findings are unknown, the results do provide clues regarding hypospadias aetiology that merit further investigation. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, MArch Dimes Birth Defect Fdn, Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Carmichael, SL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, MArch Dimes Birth Defect Fdn, Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, 1917 5th St, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sca@cbdmp.org RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU913241] NR 67 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00809.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 156UT UT WOS:000245676100003 PM 17439529 ER PT J AU Cetre-Sossah, CB Montesano, MA Freeman, GL Willard, MT Colley, DG Secor, WE AF Cetre-Sossah, C. B. Montesano, M. A. Freeman, G. L., Jr. Willard, M. T. Colley, D. G. Secor, W. E. TI Early responses associated with chronic pathology in murine schistosomiasis SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokines; idiotypes; mice; schistosomiasis; splenomegaly ID VITRO GRANULOMA-FORMATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IFN-GAMMA; MANSONI INFECTIONS; DOWN-REGULATION; DEFICIENT MICE; TH2 CYTOKINES; CBA/J MICE; TNF-ALPHA; MORBIDITY AB Inbred male CBA/J mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni develop either hypersplenomegaly syndrome (HSS) or moderate splenomegaly syndrome (MSS) by 20 weeks of infection. Pathologically and immunologically, MSS and HSS closely parallel the intestinal and hepatosplenic clinical forms of schistosomiasis in humans, respectively. By 6 weeks after infection, mice that eventually will become MSS develop T cell-stimulatory, cross-reactive idiotypes (CRI) while HSS mice never produce CRI. Because presence of CRI is useful to predict degree of chronic pathology, we used this measure to investigate what other early immunological events occurred in animals destined to develop severe morbidity. At 8 weeks of infection, there was a strong inverse correlation between CRI and splenomegaly, egg counts, and liver hydroxyproline. Similarly, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)- and ionomycin-stimulated intracellular cytokine expression of IL-4, IL-5, and GM-CSF in splenic CD4(+) T cells was inversely correlated with serum CRI and directly correlated with spleen size. In contrast, spleen cell intracellular TNF-alpha and peritoneal cell production of nitric oxide demonstrated positive correlations with CRI and inverse correlations with measures of morbidity. Surprisingly, IL-10 and IFN-gamma were not correlated with CRI levels. These studies link chronic pathology to certain immunological responses during the acute phase of schistosomiasis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS-F13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM was4@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 29 IS 5 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00939.x PG 9 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 156JP UT WOS:000245644300002 PM 17430547 ER PT J AU Bruce, MC Macheso, A Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW AF Bruce, M. C. Macheso, A. Galinski, M. R. Barnwell, J. W. TI Characterization and application of multiple genetic markers for Plasmodium malariae SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium malariae; malaria; genetic markers; microsatellites; minisatellites; population genetics ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; UGANDA-I/CDC STRAIN; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN GENE; P-MALARIAE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; FALCIPARUM INFECTIONS; HIGH PREVALENCE; ENDEMIC AREA AB Plasmodium malariae, a protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans, has a global distribution in tropical and subtropical regions and is commonly found in sympatry with other Plasmodium species of humans. Little is known about the genetics or population structure of P. malariae. In the present study, we describe polymorphic genetic markers for P. malariae and present the first molecular epidemiological data for this parasite. Six microsatellite or minisatellite markers were validated using 76 P. malariae samples from a diverse geographical range. The repeat unit length varied from 2 to 17 bp, and up to 10 different alleles per locus were detected. Multiple genotypes of P. malariae were detected in 3 3 of 70 samples from humans with naturally acquired infection. Heterozygosity was calculated to be between 0(.)236 and 0(.)811. Allelic diversity was reduced for samples from South America and, at some loci, in samples from Thailand compared with those from Malawi. The number of unique multilocus genotypes defined using the 6 markers was significantly greater in Malawi than in Thailand, even when data from single genotype infections were used. There was a significant reduction in the multiplicity of infection in symptomatic infections compared with asymptomatic ones, suggesting that clinical episodes are usually caused by the expansion of a single genotype. C1 Univ Glasgow, Div Infect & Immun, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Biomed Res Ctr, Glasgow G12 8TA, Lanark, Scotland. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Lab, Res & Dev Unit, Malaria Branch,Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bruce, MC (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Div Infect & Immun, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Biomed Res Ctr, 120 Univ Pl, Glasgow G12 8TA, Lanark, Scotland. EM m.bruce@bio.gla.ac.uk FU Wellcome Trust [060446] NR 79 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 134 BP 637 EP 650 DI 10.1017/S0031182006001958 PN 5 PG 14 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 174GY UT WOS:000246931400005 PM 17140466 ER PT J AU Nakao, M McManus, DP Schantz, PM Craig, PS Ito, A AF Nakao, M. McManus, D. P. Schantz, P. M. Craig, P. S. Ito, A. TI A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Echinococcus; mitochondrial genome; phylogeny; taxonomic revision ID TAPEWORM TAENIA-SOLIUM; GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; TAXONOMIC REVISION; CERVID STRAIN; RUDOLPHI 1801; GRANULOSUS; EVOLUTION; CESTODA; BIOLOGY; DNA AB Taxonomic revision by molecular phylogeny is needed to categorize members of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae). We have reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of E. oligarthrus, E. vogeli, E. multilocularis, E. shiquicus, E. equinus, E. ortleppi, E. granulosus sensu stricto and 3 genotypes of E. granulosus sensu lato (G6, G7 and G8) from their complete mitochondrial genomes. Maximum likelihood and partitioned Bayesian analyses using concatenated data sets of nucleotide and amino acid sequences depicted phylogenetic trees with the same topology. The 3 E. granulosus genotypes corresponding to the camel, pig, and cervid strains were monophyletic, and their high level of genetic similarity supported taxonomic species unification of these genotypes into E. canadensis. Sister species relationships were confirmed between E. ortleppi and E. canadensis, and between E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus, regardless of the analytical approach employed. The basal positions of the phylogenetic tree were occupied by the neotropical endemic species, E. oligarthrus and E. vogeli, whose definitive hosts are derived from carnivores that immigrated from North America after the formation of the Panamanian land bridge. Host-parasite co-evolution comparisons suggest that the ancestral homeland of Echinococcus was North America or Asia, depending on whether the ancestral definitive hosts were canids or felids. C1 Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia. Queensland Inst Med Res, Mol Parasitol Lab, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Salford, Cestode Zoonoses Res Grp, Biosci Res Inst, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. RP Nakao, M (reprint author), Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. EM nakao@asahikawa-med.ac.jp RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014; McManus, Donald/G-2678-2013 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187; FU FIC NIH HHS [1R01 TW01565-01] NR 50 TC 203 Z9 228 U1 2 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 134 BP 713 EP 722 DI 10.1017/S0031182006001934 PN 5 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 174GY UT WOS:000246931400012 PM 17156584 ER PT J AU Bilukha, O Messonnier, N Fischer, M AF Bilukha, Oleg Messonnier, Nancy Fischer, Marc TI Use of meningococcal vaccines in the United States SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE meningccoccus; vaccine recommendations ID C POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; DIPHTHERIA CONJUGATE VACCINE; GROUP-B POLYSACCHARIDE; GROUP-A; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; IMMUNE-RESPONSE AB In January 2005, Food and Drug Administration licensed a new tetravalent (serogroups A, C, Y, W-135) meningococcal conjugate vaccine ([MCV4] Menactra) for use in persons 11-55 years of age. In February 2005, CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended routine vaccination of adolescents and college freshmen living in dormitories with MCV4. The manufacturer started shipments of MCV4 in March 2005. MCV4 should become a key addition to existing meningococcal disease prevent ion measures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Messonnier, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nar5@cdc.go NR 79 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 371 EP 376 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000259996.95965.ef PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 163WH UT WOS:000246193400001 PM 17468644 ER PT J AU Jimenez, G Avila-Aguero, ML Morice, A Gutierrez, H Soriano, A Badilla, X Reef, S Castillo-Solorzano, C AF Jimenez, Gabriela Avila-Aguero, Maria L. Morice, Ana Gutierrez, Hazel Soriano, Alejandra Badilla, Xiomara Reef, Susan Castillo-Solorzano, Carlos TI Estimating the burden of congenital rubella syndrome in Costa Rica, 1996-2001 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE congenital rubella syndrome; rubella; surveillance; incidence; compatible description ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; UNITED-STATES; SYNDROME CRS; ELIMINATION; PREGNANCY; IMPACT AB Background: The epidemiology of rubella in Costa Rica changed during recent decades, shifting the susceptible groups to the reproductive age. This study estimates the burden of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) from 1996 to 2001 in this country. Methods: Three methods to calculate CRS incidence were used. A retrospective search ('' Observed cases '') was conducted using hospital discharge records of children born from 1996 to 2001 with selected codes of ICD9 and ICD 10 consistent with CRS and children <3 months of age with a positive serologic test for rubella IgM antibody at the National Children's Hospital (NCH). Cases were classified as either suspected, compatible or confirmed CRS and congenital rubella infection. '' Expected '' incidence of CRS was calculated using reported cases of rubella (women 15-45 years of age) and fertility rates, assuming CRS probability of 0.9 during the first trimester of pregnancy and 0.5 of asymptomatic rubella cases. '' Estimated '' CRS cases were calculated using incidence rates reported from modeling analysis during epidemic and endemic years. Results: Of the 577 discharge charts reviewed and the 66 children reported as rubella IgM(+), 40 compatible CRS cases, 45 confirmed, and 4 with congenital rubella infection cases were identified. The range of annual incidence rate of CRS (per 1000 live births) was as follows: '' Observed '' = 0.00-0.33, '' Expected '' = 0.00-0.35 and '' Estimated '' = 0.5-1.5. Compared with the estimated number of CRS cases, only 27.2% of CRS cases were detected from the retrospective search and 10. 1% would be expected when calculated using rubella reported cases. Conclusions: The under-detection of CRS cases using rubella reported cases in women of reproductive age and retrospective search of CRS reinforces the importance of suspecting CRS in the presence of a single compatible manifestation. Laboratory confirmation is indispensable to implement CRS elimination strategies and should be done in every suspected case. C1 Natl Childrens Hosp, San Jose, Costa Rica. Costa Rican Inst Res & Training Hlth & Nutr, INCIENSA, Tres Rios, Costa Rica. Social Secur Adm Costa Rica, CCSS, San Jose, Costa Rica. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. RP Avila-Aguero, ML (reprint author), Minist Hlth, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM avilaaguero@gmail.com OI Avila-Aguero, Maria L./0000-0002-1979-0431 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 382 EP 386 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000260000.84792.9e PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 163WH UT WOS:000246193400003 PM 17468646 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Bansil, P Johnson, C Meikle, SF Posner, SF Jamieson, DJ AF Kourtis, Athena P. Bansil, Pooja Johnson, Christopher Meikle, Susan F. Posner, Samuel F. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Children with sickle cell disease and human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection - Use of inpatient care services in the United States SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HIV infection; sickle cell disease; hospitalizations; pediatric; United States ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MORTALITY; CRISES AB Background: The purpose of this study was to describe hospital use patterns of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) infection in the United States. Methods: Hospital discharges of children with I or both of the 2 conditions (SCD and HIV infection) were analyzed using nationally weighted data from the 1994 to 2003 Nationwide Inpatient Databases of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Demographic and hospital characteristics, length of stay, charges and the most frequent diagnoses and procedures performed during the hospitalization were compared. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of age, sex and HIV infection on number of hospitalizations for selected conditions. Results: There were an estimated 686 hospitalizations of children with SCD and HIV infection in the United States in the 10-year period 1994-2003; these hospitalizations aggregated in the South (78.2%) and their expected payer was mostly Medicaid/Medicare (82.0%). Their average length of stay was longer than that of children with SCD alone (8.0 days vs. 4.3 days, respectively), and the mean charges associated with the hospitalization were also higher ($18,291 vs. $9584). Compared with patients with SCD without HIV, HIV infection conferred a higher risk for hospitalizations for bacterial infections and sepsis (odds ratio 2.75; 95% Cl, 1.66-4.6), but less of a risk for vaso-occlusive crises (odds ratio 0.32; 95% CI, 0.22-0.48). Inpatient case-fatality rate of children with SCD and HIV was no different from that of children with SCD alone, but lower than that of the rest of children with HIV infection. Conclusions: Hospitalized children with SCD and HIV infection have higher odds of infection than those with SCD alone. Their inpatient case-fatality rate is lower than that of children with HIV infection alone. These findings should be considered in designing appropriate interventions for this population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CONRAD Program, Arlington, VA USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, MS-K34,2900 Woodcock Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 406 EP 410 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000259953.79654.d0 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 163WH UT WOS:000246193400007 PM 17468650 ER PT J AU Fischer, TK Holman, RC Yorita, KL Belay, ED Melbye, M Koch, A AF Fischer, Thea K. Holman, Robert C. Yorita, Krista L. Belay, Ermias D. Melbye, Mads Koch, Anders TI Kawasaki syndrome in Denmark SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Kawasak syndrome; Denmark; cohort; hospitalization; incidence ID SYNDROME HOSPITALIZATIONS; HUMAN CORONAVIRUS; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; CHILDREN; JAPAN; ASSOCIATION; FINLAND; HAWAII AB Objective: To describe the epidermologic characteristics of Kawasaki syndrome (KS) and to estimate national KS incidence rates among children in Denmark. Methods: A retrospective population-based study using hospital discharge records with a KS diagnosis for children younger than 15 years selected from I he Danish National Hospital Register for 1981-2004. Incidence rates were calculated using the number of KS patients and corresponding census data. Results: During 1981-2004, 360 children younger than 15 years were hospitalized with KS in Denmark, with 73% younger than 5 years. In this age group, the average annual incidence of KS gradually increased from 1981 to 1999 and thereafter stabilized at 4.5 to 5.0 per 100,000 person-years. The incidence was greater for boys than for girls (RR = 1.6, 95% Cl = 1.2-2.0) and was highest among infants younger than I year (4.5), declining with increasing age (P = 0.03). However, the age-specific decline in incidence was only observed for boy;;, whereas the incidence for girls remained unchanged by age. The median length of hospital stay was 12 days, and the incidence peaked in the winter months. Conclusions: Major epidemiologic characteristics identified among Danish childhood KS we consistent with those described in previous studies, such as highest incidence among young children and winter-seasonality. The KS incedence rate among children younger than 5 years in Denmark increased steadily during the early study period (coinciding with global recognition of KS) and seems to have stabilized from 1998-1999 onwards. Although the incidence among Danish children was lower than that reported for several other European countries, diffierences in methodology challenge definite comparisons. C1 Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koch, A (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM ako@ssi.dk RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013; OI Koch, Anders/0000-0001-9205-1048; Fischer, Thea Kolsen/0000-0003-4812-980X NR 35 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 411 EP 415 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000259964.47941.00 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 163WH UT WOS:000246193400008 PM 17468651 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF AF Dowell, Scott F. TI A new imperative for global pneumonia control: A commentary SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE pneumonia; child; developing world; mortality; management ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; INFLUENZA; CHILDREN; MANAGEMENT; REDUCTION; CONJUGATE; MORTALITY; THAILAND C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop D-69,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sdowell@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 441 EP 442 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000261197.70855.1e PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 163WH UT WOS:000246193400013 PM 17468656 ER PT J AU Miller, JW Naimi, TS Brewer, RD AF Miller, Jacqueline W. Naimi, Timothy S. Brewer, Robert D. TI Is the binge-drinking glass half full or half empty? Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Miller, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2007 VL 119 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1036 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-0468 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 163IM UT WOS:000246153300026 ER PT J AU Paulose-Ram, R Safran, MA Jonas, BS Gu, QP Orwig, D AF Paulose-Ram, Ryne Safran, Marc A. Jonas, Bruce S. Gu, Qiuping Orwig, Denise TI Trends in psychotropic medication use among US adults SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE psychopharmacology; psychotropics; antidepressants; drug utilization; NHANES; population ID NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; UNITED-STATES; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS; OUTPATIENT TREATMENT; CONSENSUS STATEMENT; ANXIETY DISORDERS; DEPRESSION; ANTIDEPRESSANTS; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Purpose To examine trends and prevalence of prescription psychotropic medication use among noninstitutionalized US adults. Methods Prescription medication data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 1988-1994; n = 20 050) and the 1999-2002 NHANES (n = 12 060), two nationally representative cross-sectional health examination surveys, were examined for persons aged > 17 years. Results The age-adjusted prevalence of psychotropic medication use increased from 6.1% in 1988-1994 to 11.1% in 1999-2002 (p < 0.001). This was due to more than a three-fold increase in antidepressant use (2.5%, 1988-1994 vs. 8.1%, 1999-2002 (p < 0.001)). Significant increases between time periods for antidepressant use were seen for all age, gender, and race-ethnic groups although increases were less pronounced for males than females and non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans than non-Hispanic whites. Prevalence of use remained relatively constant from 1988-1994 to 1999-2002 for anxiolytic/sedative/hypnotic (ASH) medications (3.5-3.8%), antipsychotics (0.8-1.0%), and antimanic agents (0.3-0.4%). The age-adjusted prevalence of multiple psychotropic medication use increased from 1.2% in 1988-1994 to 3.1% in 1999-2002 (p < 0.001). Conclusions Psychotropic medication use among US adults increased since 1988-1994, specifically of antidepressants. Increases varied by gender and race-ethnicity indicating under-utilization for non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites for both males and females. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NHANES Program, Div Hlth, Hyattsville, MD 20872 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nutr Examinat Surveys, Hyattsville, MD 20872 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mental Hlth Work Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Paulose-Ram, R (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NHANES Program, Div Hlth, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 4333, Hyattsville, MD 20872 USA. EM RPaulose@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 560 EP 570 DI 10.1002/pds.1367 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 168YP UT WOS:000246560200012 PM 17286304 ER PT J AU Greenspan, AI Wolf, SL Kelley, ME O'Grady, M AF Greenspan, Arlene I. Wolf, Steven L. Kelley, Mary E. O'Grady, Michael TI Tai chi and perceived health status in older adults who are transitionally frail: A randomized controlled trial SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SELF-RATED HEALTH; SICKNESS IMPACT PROFILE; PHYSICAL FUNCTION; FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES; FOLLOW-UP; EXERCISE; DISABILITY; TRAUMA; FALLS AB Background and Purpose Tai chi, a Chinese exercise derived from martial arts, while gaining popularity as an intervention for reducing falls in older adults, also may improve health status. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intense tai chi (TC) exercise could improve perceived health status and self-rated health (SRH) more than wellness education (WE) for older adults who are transitionally frail. S Subjects Study subjects were 269 women who were :70 years of age and who were recruited from 20 congregate independent senior living facilities. Methods Participants took part in a 48-week, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. They were randomly assigned to receive either TC or WE interventions. Participants were interviewed before randomization and at 1 year regarding their perceived health status and SRH. Perceived health status was measured with the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). Results Compared with WE participants, TC participants reported significant improvements in the physical dimension and ambulation categories and borderline significant improvements in the body care and movement category of the SIP. Self-rated health did not change for either group. Discussion and Conclusion These findings suggest that older women who are transitionally frail and participate in intensive TC exercise demonstrate perceived health status benefits, most notably in ambulation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Rehabil Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Greenspan, AI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM AGreenspan@cdc.gov RI Wolf, Steven/F-6588-2010 OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0002-9446-8995 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG14767] NR 63 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 87 IS 5 BP 525 EP 535 DI 10.2522/ptj.20050378 PG 11 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 161NY UT WOS:000246023400004 PM 17405808 ER PT J AU Schunemann, HJ Hill, SR Kakad, M Vist, GE Bellamy, R Stockman, L Wisloff, TF Del Mar, C Hayden, F Uyeki, TM Farrar, J Yazdanpanah, Y Zucker, H Beigel, J Chotpitayasunondh, T Hien, TT Ozbay, B Sugaya, N Oxman, AD AF Schunemann, Holger J. Hill, Suzanne R. Kakad, Meetali Vist, Gunn E. Bellamy, Richard Stockman, Lauren Wisloff, Torbjorn Fosen Del Mar, Chris Hayden, Frederick Uyeki, Timothy M. Farrar, Jeremy Yazdanpanah, Yazdan Zucker, Howard Beigel, John Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee Hien, Tran Tinh Ozbay, Bulent Sugaya, Norio Oxman, Andrew D. TI Transparent development of the WHO rapid advice guidelines SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLINICAL GUIDELINES; QUALITY; RECOMMENDATIONS; STRENGTH AB Emerging health problems require rapid advice. We describe the development and pilot testing of a systematic, transparent approach used by the World Health Organization ( WHO) to develop rapid advice guidelines in response to requests from member states confronted with uncertainty about the pharmacological management of avian influenza A ( H5N1) virus infection. We first searched for systematic reviews of randomized trials of treatment and prevention of seasonal influenza and for nontrial evidence on H5N1 infection, including case reports and animal and in vitro studies. A panel of clinical experts, clinicians with experience in treating patients with H5N1, influenza researchers, and methodologists was convened for a two-day meeting. Panel members reviewed the evidence prior to the meeting and agreed on the process. It took one month to put together a team to prepare the evidence profiles ( i. e., summaries of the evidence on important clinical and policy questions), and it took the team only five weeks to prepare and revise the evidence profiles and to prepare draft guidelines prior to the panel meeting. A draft manuscript for publication was prepared within 10 days following the panel meeting. Strengths of the process include its transparency and the short amount of time used to prepare these WHO guidelines. The process could be improved by shortening the time required to commission evidence profiles. Further development is needed to facilitate stakeholder involvement, and evaluate and ensure the guideline's usefulness. C1 Italian Natl Canc Inst Regina Elena, Dept Epidemiol, Rome, Italy. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Norwegian Knowledge Ctr Hlth Serv, Oslo, Norway. James Cook Univ Hosp, Dept Infect & Travel Med, Middlesbrough, Cleveland, England. Bond Univ, Fac Hlth Sci & Med, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Charlottesville, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Oxford, Clin Res Unit, Hosp Trop Dis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Ctr Hosp Tourcoing, Serv Univ Maladies Infect, Fac Med Lille, Tourcoing, France. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Yuzuncu Yil Univ, Dept Pulm, Van, Turkey. Keio Univ, Dept Pediat, Fac Med, Keiyu Hosp, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223, Japan. RP Schunemann, HJ (reprint author), Italian Natl Canc Inst Regina Elena, Dept Epidemiol, Rome, Italy. EM Schuneh@mcmaster.ca RI Del Mar, Christopher/B-1136-2008; Beigel, John/A-7111-2009; OI Del Mar, Christopher/0000-0003-3821-8163; Farrar, Jeremy/0000-0002-2700-623X NR 23 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 4 IS 5 BP 786 EP 793 AR e119 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040119 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 173RH UT WOS:000246889700005 PM 17535099 ER PT J AU Keen, J Serghides, L Ayi, K Patel, SN Ayisi, J van Eijk, A Steketee, R Udhayakumar, V Kain, KC AF Keen, Jessica Serghides, Lena Ayi, Kodjo Patel, Samir N. Ayisi, John van Eijk, Anne Steketee, Richard Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Kain, Kevin C. TI HIV impairs opsonic phagocytic clearance of pregnancy-associated malaria parasites SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; CHONDROITIN-SULFATE-A; VARIANT SURFACE-ANTIGENS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PLACENTAL MALARIA; MATERNAL MALARIA; BIRTH-WEIGHT; ADHESION; ANTIBODIES AB Background Primigravid ( PG) women are at risk for pregnancy- associated malaria ( PAM). Multigravid ( MG) women acquire protection against PAM; however, HIV infection impairs this protective response. Protection against PAM is associated with the production of IgG specific for variant surface antigens ( VSA- PAM) expressed by chondroitin sulfate A ( CSA)- adhering parasitized erythrocytes ( PEs). We hypothesized that VSA- PAM- specific IgG confers protection by promoting opsonic phagocytosis of PAM isolates and that HIV infection impairs this response. Methods and Findings We assessed the ability of VSA- PAM- specific IgG to promote opsonic phagocytosis of CSA-adhering PEs and the impact of HIV infection on this process. Opsonic phagocytosis assays were performed using the CSA-adherent parasite line CS2 and human and murine macrophages. CS2 PEs were opsonized with plasma or purified IgG subclasses from HIV-negative or HIV- infected PG and MG Kenyan women or sympatric men. Levels of IgG subclasses specific for VSA- PAM were compared in HIV- negative and HIV- infected women by flow cytometry. Plasma from HIV- negative MG women, but not PG women or men, promoted the opsonic phagocytosis of CSA- binding PEs ( p < 0.001). This function depended on VSA- PAM-specific plasma IgG1 and IgG3. HIV- infected MG women had significantly lower plasma opsonizing activity ( median phagocytic index 46 [ interquartile range ( IQR) 18 - 195] versus 251 [ IQR 93 - 397], p 0.006) and levels of VSA- PAM- specific IgG1 ( mean fluorescence intensity [ MFI] 13 [ IQR 11 - 20] versus 30 [ IQR 23 - 41], p, 0.001) and IgG3 ( MFI 17 [ IQR 14 - 23] versus 28 [ IQR 23 - 37], p, 0.001) than their HIV- negative MG counterparts. Conclusions Opsonic phagocytosis may represent a novel correlate of protection against PAM. HIV infection may increase the susceptibility of multigravid women to PAM by impairing this clearance mechanism. C1 Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, McLaughlin Rotman Ctr, McLaughlin Ctr Mol Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Bio & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kain, KC (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM kevin.kain@uhn.on.ca NR 31 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 4 IS 5 BP 912 EP 920 AR e181 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040181 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 173RH UT WOS:000246889700019 PM 17535103 ER PT J AU Shoob, HD Croft, JB Labarthe, DR AF Shoob, Hylan D. Croft, Janet B. Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Impact of Baby Boomers on hospitalizations for coronary heart disease and stroke in the United States SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Women Heart Disease and Stroke CY FEB 16-19, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Coll Cardiol Fdn, World Heart Federat, NHLBI, Heart & Stroke Fdn Canada, Amer Heart Assoc, Council Cardiovasc Dis Young, Amer Heart Assoc, Council Cardiovasc Nursing, Amer Heart Assoc, Council Kidney Cardiovasc Dis DE aging; coronary heart disease; epidemiology; morbidity; statistics; stroke; baby boom ID DOSE ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; RISK-FACTOR PROFILE; MIDDLE-AGE; METAANALYSIS; TRENDS; WOMEN; LIFE AB Objective. Comparison of hospitalizations for coronary heart disease and stroke in older Baby Boomers, aged 45-54 years (the 1946-1955 birth cohort) in 2000 with that of the 1936-1945 birth cohort in 1990 and the 1926-1935 birth cohort in 1980. Method and data source. Analysis of the annual National Hospital Discharge Survey that collects data on discharges from non-federal short-stay hospitals. Results. Among hospitalizations for coronary heart disease, 294,000 (15.4%) in 1980, 289,000 (14.7%) in 1990, and 329,000 (15.2%) in 2000 occurred among adults aged 45-54 years. However, the age-specific hospitalization rate (per 100,000) for coronary heart disease was lower in 2000 than in 1990 or 1980 (p<0.05). Among hospitalizations for stroke, 37,000 (6.0%) in 1980, 42,000 (6.5%) in 1990, and 64,000 (8.5%) in 2000 were observed in this age group. The age-specific hospitalization rate (per 100,000) for stroke in 2000 compared to that in 1990 or 1980 was higher among women (p < 0.05) but lower among men (p < 0.05). The proportion of transfers to another care facility after discharge in 2000, 1990, and 1980 increased for coronary heart disease and stroke in successive decades of middle-aged adults. Conclusion. Baby Boomers made a greater impact on absolute numbers of coronary heart disease and stroke hospitalizations in 2000 relative to that of 45-54-year-olds in 1990 and 1980. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Shoob, HD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hms4@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 447 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.12.013 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 177OE UT WOS:000247161600014 PM 17291576 ER PT J AU Davies, DH Molina, DM Wrammert, J Miller, J Hirst, S Mu, YX Pablo, J Unal, B Nakajima-Sasaki, R Liang, XW Crotty, S Karem, KL Damon, IK Ahmed, R Villarreal, L Felgner, PL AF Huw Davies, D. Molina, Douglas M. Wrammert, Jens Miller, Joe Hirst, Siddiqua Mu, Yunxiang Pablo, Jozelyn Unal, Berkay Nakajima-Sasaki, Rie Liang, Xiaowu Crotty, Shane Karem, Kevin L. Damon, Inger K. Ahmed, Rafi Villarreal, Luis Felgner, Philip L. TI Proteome-wide analysis of the serological response to vaccinia and smallpox SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE antibody; antigen; poxviruses; protein microarray; vaccine ID POXVIRUS INFECTION; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; VIRUS; VACCINATION; PROTECTION; CHALLENGE; MICE; IMMUNOGENICITY; ANTIBODIES; IMMUNITY AB The eradication of smallpox by vaccination with vaccinia virus was probably one of the greatest achievements of vaccinology. However, the immunological basis of this protection is not fully understood. To this end, we have used protein microarrays of the vaccinia (Western Reserve, WR) proteome to profile antibody reactivities after primary infection or boosting with the licensed smallpox vaccine, Dryvax (R), and with archival convalescent smallpox sera. Some 25 antigens were consistently recognized by Dryvax (R) sera, of which half were envelope proteins (notably, H3, A13, B5, and D8). The remainder consisted mainly of core proteins (e.g. A10, L4, and I1), proteins involved in intracellular morphogenesis (A11, D13), and the A-type inclusion protein, WR148. Convalescent smallpox sera also detected vaccinia antigens on the array, consistent with the notion that there is serological cross-reactivity between these two orthopox species that underlies protection. Moreover, the profiles of immunodominant antigens recognized by variola-infected individuals and Dryvax (R) vaccinees were indistinguishable. This is the first description of antibody-specificity profiles induced after smallpox infection. The array data indicate that a significant component of the antibody response is not involved in virus neutralization, although these antigens should be considered alongside the envelope proteins as potential candidates for diagnostic and vaccine applications. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Ctr Virus Res, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. ImmPORT Therapeut, Irvine, CA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. La Jolla Inst Allergy & Immunol, San Diego, CA USA. CDC, Poxvirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Davies, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Ctr Virus Res, 3501 Hewitt Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM ddavies@uci.edu RI Mu, Yunxiang/H-3538-2015 OI Mu, Yunxiang/0000-0001-9754-2129 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1U01AI061363, AI058365, U01AI056464] NR 32 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD MAY PY 2007 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1678 EP 1686 DI 10.1002/pmic.200600926 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 174ZM UT WOS:000246981500012 PM 17443847 ER PT J AU Chapman, DP Dube, SR Anda, RF AF Chapman, Daniel P. Dube, Shanta R. Anda, Robert F. TI Adverse childhood events as risk factors for negative mental health outcomes SO PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; SEXUAL-ABUSE; PERSONALITY-DISORDER; WOMEN; EXPERIENCES; NEGLECT; IMPACT; LIFE; VICTIMIZATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chapman, DP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dpc2@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0048-5713 J9 PSYCHIAT ANN JI Psychiatr. Ann. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 37 IS 5 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 169AM UT WOS:000246565100011 ER PT J AU Stroup, DF Thacker, SB AF Stroup, Donna F. Thacker, Stephen B. TI Epidemiology and education: Using public health for teaching mathematics and science - Viewpoint SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stroup, DF (reprint author), POB 894, Decatur, GA 30031 USA. EM dataforsolutions@comcast.net NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 122 IS 3 BP 283 EP 291 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 157II UT WOS:000245711800001 PM 17518299 ER PT J AU Espey, DK Baum, SL Jung, AM Kozoll, RL AF Espey, David K. Baum, Susan L. Jung, Ann Moore Kozoll, Richard L. TI The New Mexico clinical prevention initiative: A statewide prevention partnership SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PRIORITIES; SERVICES AB The New Mexico Department of Health and the New Mexico Medical Society invited organizations to participate in an initiative to promote clinical preventive services. The Clinical Preventive Initiative (CPI) focuses on the following interventions based on burden of illness, preventability of the condition, cost, current level of services, availability of leadership, and programmatic support: adult pneumococcal vaccination, tobacco use prevention and cessation, mammography screening, colorectal cancer screening, healthier weight, screening and treatment for chlamydia and gonorrhea, screening and intervention for problem drinking, childhood immunization, and prevention of unintended pregnancy. Specific workgroups plan and implement interventions directed at New Mexico medical practices, practitioners, and health-care systems. Several state measures suggest effectiveness of CPI efforts. CPI is a successful public-private collaboration providing an active forum for statewide clinical prevention policy development, an effective mechanism to achieve greater awareness of prevention and improved delivery of preventive services. C1 Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Albuquerque, NM USA. New Mexico Med Soc, Albuquerque, NM USA. Los Pinos Family Hlth, Cuba, NM USA. RP Espey, DK (reprint author), Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 5300 Homestead NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM david.espey@ihs.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 122 IS 3 BP 292 EP 301 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 157II UT WOS:000245711800002 PM 17518300 ER PT J AU Shimabukuro, TT Wortley, PM Bardenheier, B Bresnitz, EA DeBlois, AM Hahn, CG Mangione, EJ AF Shimabukuro, Tom T. Wortley, Pascale M. Bardenheier, Barbara Bresnitz, Eddy A. DeBlois, Anna M. Hahn, Christine G. Mangione, Ellen J. TI Survey of state practices during the 2004-2005 influenza vaccine shortage SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PREPAREDNESS AB To describe state-level actions and policies during the 2004-2005 influenza vaccine shortage and determine whether these or other factors were related to vaccination coverage, we surveyed all state health departments (including the District of Columbia). We included 2004-2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to examine whether state-level actions, policies, or other factors like vaccine supply were related to changes in vaccination coverage in adults aged >= 65 years from the previous non-shortage year. We found that 96% (n=49) of states reported adopting or recommending adherence to the initial national interim influenza vaccination recommendations. Of these, at some point during the season, 22% (n=11) reported local public health agencies issued prioritization recommendations that differed from the state health department's guidance. Eighty percent (n=41) initiated at least one emergency response activity and 43% (n=22) referred to or implemented components of their pandemic influenza plans. In 35% (n=18), emergency or executive orders were issued or legislative action occurred. In a multivariable linear regression model, the availability and use of practitioner contact lists and having a relatively high vaccine supply in early October 2004 were associated with smaller decreases in coverage for adults aged >= 65 years from the previous non-shortage season (p=0.003, r(2)=0.26). States overwhelmingly followed national vaccination prioritization guidelines and used a range of activities to manage the 2004-2005 vaccine shortage. The availability and use of practitioner contact lists and having a relatively high vaccine supply early in the season were associated with smaller decreases in coverage from the previous non-shortage season. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Instelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Assoc State & Territorial Hlth Officials, Washington, DC USA. Idaho Dept Hlth & Welfare, Boise, ID USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Council State & Territorial Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shimabukuro, TT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM TShimabukuro@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 122 IS 3 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 157II UT WOS:000245711800004 PM 17518302 ER PT J AU Bertolli, J Lee, LM Sullivan, PS AF Bertolli, Jeanne Lee, Lisa M. Sullivan, Patrick S. CA AI AN Race Ethnicity Data Validati TI Racial misidentification of American Indians Alaska Natives in the HIV AIDS reporting systems of five states and one urban health jurisdiction, US, 1984-2002 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DEATH CERTIFICATES; WASHINGTON-STATE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MISCLASSIFICATION; RACE; SURVEILLANCE; RACE/ETHNICITY; CATEGORIES; BIRTH AB Objectives. We examined racial misidentification of American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) reported to the human immunodeficiency virus (HM/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Reporting Systems (HARS) of five U.S. states and one county. Methods. To identify AI/AN records with misidentified race, we linked HAIRS data from 1984 through 2002 to the Indian Health Service National Patient Information and Reporting System (NPIRS), excluding non-AI/AN dependents, using probabilistic matching with clerical review. We used chi-square tests to examine differences in proportions and logistic regression to examine the associations of racial misidentification with HAIRS site, degree of AI/AN ancestry, mode of exposure to HIV, and urban or rural location of residence at time of diagnosis. Results. A total of 1,523 AI/AN individuals was found in both NPIRS and HARS; race was misidentified in HAIRS for 459 (30%). The percentages of racially misidentified ranged from 3.7% (in Alaska) to 55% (in California). AI/AN people were misidentified as white (70%), Hispanic (16%), black (11%), and Asian/Pacific Islander (2%); for 0.9%, race was unspecified. Logistic regression results (data from all areas, all variables) indicated that urban residence at time of diagnosis, degree of AI/AN ancestry, and mode of exposure to HIV were significantly associated with racial misidentification of AI/AN people reported to HAIRS. Conclusions. Our findings add to the evidence that racial misidentification of AI/AN in surveillance data can result in underestimation of AI/AN HIV/AIDS case counts. Racial misidentification must be addressed to ensure that HIV/AIDS surveillance data can be used as the basis for equitable resource allocation decisions, and to inform and mobilize public health action. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth Disparit, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bertolli, J (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jbertolli@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 122 IS 3 BP 382 EP 392 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 157II UT WOS:000245711800012 PM 17518310 ER PT J AU Bollini, AM Compton, MT Esterberg, ML Rutland, J Chien, VH Walker, EF AF Bollini, Annie M. Compton, Michael T. Esterberg, Michelle L. Rutland, Jessica Chien, Victoria H. Walker, Elaine F. TI Associations between schizotypal features and indicators of neurological and morphological abnormalities SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE schizophrenia; schizotypy; neurological soft signs; minor physical anomalies ID MINOR PHYSICAL ANOMALIES; SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOFT-SIGNS; EVALUATION SCALE; 1ST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA; UNMEDICATED SCHIZOPHRENIA; PERSONALITY-DISORDER; BIOLOGICAL RELATIVES; PERFORMANCE; ADOLESCENTS AB Objective: Limited research suggests that subtle neurological and morphological abnormalities that have been documented in patients with schizophrenia also may be associated with schizotypal traits in non-psychiatric samples. Based on the notion that neurological soft signs (NSS) may mark a genetic diathesis, this study hypothesized that NSS scores would be related to the level of schizotypy in relatives of schizophrenia patients and in controls. Additionally, associations between MPA scores and schizotypy were explored in these two groups. Method: Twenty-six first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients and 38 controls with no personal or family history of psychosis were assessed for schizotypy using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis 11 Disorders schizotypal personality disorder module, as well as the self-administered Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. The Neurological Evaluation Scale and a structured examination for MPAs also were administered. Results: Mean schizotypy scores did not differ between relatives and controls. Both NSS and MPAs were associated with the level of interviewer-assessed schizotypal features in controls but not in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. NSS and MPAs were not associated with self-reported schizotypy in either group. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that both NSS and MPAs are associated with interview-based schizotypal traits, at least in non-psychiatric participants. Future research should seek to replicate these results in other samples of relatives and controls. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Bollini, AM (reprint author), CDC, GAO, Prevent Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM abollini@cdc.gov NR 67 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9964 J9 SCHIZOPHR RES JI Schizophr. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 92 IS 1-3 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.schres.2007.01.018 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 167CZ UT WOS:000246429800004 PM 17363219 ER PT J AU Sena, AC Muth, SQ Heffelfinger, JD O'Dowd, JO Foust, E Leone, P AF Sena, Arlene C. Muth, Stephen Q. Heffelfinger, James D. O'Dowd, Judy Owen Foust, Evelyn Leone, Peter TI Factors and the sociosexual network associated with a syphilis outbreak in rural North Carolina SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; SOCIAL NETWORK; EPIDEMIC PHASE; CRACK COCAINE; HIV-INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; NOTIFICATION; GONORRHEA; DISEASE AB Objective: An investigation was conducted to determine factors associated with a syphilis outbreak in a rural North Carolina county. Study Design: A retrospective chart review was performed on 61 primary (PS), secondary (SS), and early latent (ELS) syphilis case patients reported in Columbus County between January 2001 and February 2002. Sociosexual network analysis was conducted using electronic contact tracing information. Results: We identified 20 PS, 25 SS, and 16 ELS case patients who were predominantly black. Seventy-two percent had reported >= 1 sexual partner with early syphilis, 51 % used crack cocaine and/or had sex with a crack-using partner, and 31 % exchanged sex for drugs or money. The sexual network exhibited predominantly linear connections between case patients and sexual partners. Adding social connections to the network further demonstrated dense cyclic interactions characteristic of core groups. Conclusions: The syphilis outbreak in this rural community was associated with crack cocaine and exchange of sex for drugs in a densely interconnected sociosexual network. C1 Univ N Carolina, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, HIV STD Prevent & Care Branch, Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Sena, AC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Infect Dis, CB 7030,130 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM idrod@med.unc.edu RI Reis, Aline/G-9573-2012; Muth, John/E-9027-2012 OI Muth, John/0000-0002-2488-7721 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000237776.15870.c3 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 162IR UT WOS:000246080900007 PM 17139235 ER PT J AU Jackson, JM Rolnick, SJ Coughlin, SS Neslund-Dudas, C Hornbrook, MC Darbinian, J Bachman, DJ Herrinton, LJ AF Jackson, Jody M. Rolnick, Sharon J. Coughlin, Steve S. Neslund-Dudas, Christine Hornbrook, Mark C. Darbinian, Jeanne Bachman, Donald J. Herrinton, Lisa J. TI Social support among women who died of ovarian cancer SO SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER LA English DT Article DE ovarian neoplasms; social support; quality of life; stress; psychological; utilization ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SELF-RATED HEALTH; BREAST-CANCER; LIVING ARRANGEMENTS; GROUP-PSYCHOTHERAPY; COLORECTAL-CANCER; SURVIVORS; NETWORKS; DISTRESS; CARE AB Goals of work: We investigated the effects of social support in the last 6 months of life for women who died of ovarian cancer. Materials and methods: The study population included women enrolled in one of three Managed Care Organizations who died of ovarian cancer ( 1995 - 2000). Information was collected on demographics, living environment, presence of escorts to oncology encounters, comorbidities, medications, outpatient and inpatient encounters, and referrals to home health and hospice. Two characteristics of social support were examined: living with others and being escorted to one or more oncology visits. Results: Of 421 subjects, both aspects of social support were known for 345 (82%). Of these, 227 (66%) lived with others and were escorted, 33 (10%) lived with others but were never escorted, 59 (17%) lived alone but were escorted, and 26 (8%) lived alone and never were accompanied. Women living alone were less likely to be taking a psychotropic medication (57% vs 70%, p= 0.021) and were somewhat less likely to receive hospice referral (42% vs 53%, p= 0.054). Women who were never escorted had fewer outpatient encounters (12.60 vs 15.77, p= 0.033) and were less likely to be referred to home health (18% vs 30%, p= 0.046). Conclusions: This study indicates that social support has some beneficial effects on receipt of personal health services. Friends and family may act as proponents for the patient in obtaining services. Health care professionals should be encouraged to assess the cancer patient's social situation and identify areas where help may be needed. C1 HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Josephine Ford Canc Ctr, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Kaiser Permanente, NW Hawaii, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR 97227 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Jackson, JM (reprint author), HealthPartners Res Fdn, POB 1524,MS 21111R, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. EM jody.m.jackson@healthpartners.com FU PHS HHS [200-2001-00117, 5 U19079689] NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0941-4355 J9 SUPPORT CARE CANCER JI Support. Care Cancer PD MAY PY 2007 VL 15 IS 5 BP 547 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s00520-006-0197-4 PG 10 WC Oncology; Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation SC Oncology; Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 153RF UT WOS:000245452000012 PM 17177041 ER PT J AU Chou, S Colman, J Tylenda, C De Rosa, C AF Chou, Selene Colman, Joan Tylenda, Carolyn De Rosa, Christopher TI Chemical-specific health consultation for chromated copper arsenate chemical mixture: port of Djibouti SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE CCA; chemical-specific consultation ID INDIAN CHILDHOOD CIRRHOSIS; NEW-ZEALAND SOILS; DRINKING-WATER; SMELTER WORKERS; RESPIRATORY CANCER; BLACKFOOT-DISEASE; LUNG-CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; WOOD PRESERVATIVES; SODIUM DICHROMATE AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared this health consultation to provide support for assessing the public health implications of hazardous chemical exposure, primarily through drinking water, related to releases of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) in the port of Djibouti. CCA from a shipment, apparently intended for treating electric poles, is leaking into the soil in the port area. CCA is a pesticide used to protect wood against decay-causing organisms. This mixture commonly contains chromium(VI) (hexavalent chromium) as chromic acid, arsenic(V) (pentavalent arsenic) as arsenic pentoxide and copper (11) (divalent copper) as cupric oxide, often in an aqueous solution or concentrate. Experimental studies of the fate of CCA in soil and monitoring studies of wood-preserving sites where CCA was spilled on the soil indicate that the chromium(VI), arsenic and copper components of CCA can leach from soil into groundwater and surface water. In addition, at CCA wood-preserving sites, substantial concentrations of chromium(VI), arsenic and copper remained in the soil and were leachable into water four years after the use of CCA was discontinued, suggesting prolonged persistence in soil, with continued potential for leaching. The degree of leaching depended on soil composition and the extent of soil contamination with CCA. In general, leaching was highest for chromium(VI), intermediate for arsenic and lowest for copper. Thus, the potential for contamination of sources of drinking water exists. Although arsenic that is leached from CCA-contaminated soil into surface water may accumulate in the tissues of fish and shellfish, most of the arsenic in these animals will be in a form (often called fish arsenic) that is less harmful. Copper, which leaches less readily than the other components, can accumulate in tissues of mussels and oysters. Chromium is not likely to accumulate in the tissues of fish and shellfish. Limited studies of air concentrations during cleanup of CCA-contaminated soil at wood- preserving sites showed that air levels of chromium(VI), arsenic and copper were below the occupational standards. Workers directly involved in the repackaging, containment or cleanup of leaking containers of CCA or of soil saturated with CCA, however, may be exposed to high levels of CCA through direct dermal contact, inhalation of aerosols or particulates and inadvertent ingestion. Few studies have been conducted on the health effects of CCA. CCA as a concentrated solution is corrosive to the skin eyes and digestive tract. Studies of workers exposed to CCA in wood-preserving plants have not found adverse health effects in these workers, but the studies involved small numbers of workers and therefore are not definitive. People exposed to very high levels of CCA, from sawing wood that still had liquid CCA in it or from living in a home contaminated with ash containing high levels of chromium(VI), arsenic and copper, experienced serious health effects including nosebleeds, digestive system pain and bleeding, itching skin, darkened urine, nervous system effects such as tingling or numbness of the hands and feet and confusion, and rashes or thickening and peeling of the skin. These health effects of the mixture are at least qualitatively reflective of the health effects of the individual components of CCA (arsenic, chromium(VI) and copper). For a given mixture, the critical effects of the individual components are of particular concern, as are any effects in common that may become significant due to additivity or interactions mong the components. Effects of concern for CCA, based on the known effects of the individual components, include cancer (arsenic by the oral route, arsenic and chromium(VI) by the inhalation route), irritant or corrosive effects (all three mixture components), the unique dermal effects of arsenic, neurologic effects (arsenic and chromium(VI), and hematologic, hepatic and renal effects (all three components). Because arsenic, chromium(VI), and copper components affect some of the same target organs, they may have additive toxicity toward those organs. Few studies have investigated the potential toxic interactions among the components (arsenic, chromium(VI) and copper) of CCA. The available interaction studies and also possible mechanisms of interaction were evaluated using a weight-of-evidence approach. The conclusion is that there is no strong evidence that interactions among the components of CCA will result in a marked increase in toxicity. This conclusion reflects a lack of well designed interaction studies as well as uncertainties regarding potential mechanisms of interaction. Confidence in the conclusion is low. Workers exposed to high levels of CCA during cleanup of leaking containers of CCA or soil heavily contaminated with CCA should wear protective clothing and respirators if air concentrations of arsenic are above 10 mu g/m(3). In addition, they should not eat, drink or use tobacco products during exposure to CCA, and should thoroughly wash after skin contact with CCA and before eating, drinking, using tobacco products or using restrooms. When protective clothing becomes contaminated with CCA, it should be changed, and the contaminated clothing should be disposed off in a manner approved for pesticide disposal. Workers should leave all protective clothing, including work shoes and boots, at the workplace, so that CCA will not be carried into their cars and homes, which would endanger other people. People not involved in the cleanup of the CCA and who are not wearing protective clothing should be prevented from entering contaminated areas. Leaking containers of CCA must be repackaged and contained to prevent direct exposure of on-site personnel; and contaminated soil needs to be removed to prevent the CCA from leaching into surface water and groundwater, thereby contaminating sources of drinking water. C1 [Chou, Selene; Tylenda, Carolyn; De Rosa, Christopher] Agcy Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Colman, Joan] Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Chou, S (reprint author), Agcy Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, MS F32 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cjc3@cdc.gov NR 190 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 EI 1477-0393 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 183 EP 208 DI 10.1177/0748233707076810 PG 26 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 261EV UT WOS:000253062800001 PM 18429380 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, R AF Rosenberg, Ronald TI Plasmodium vivax in Africa: hidden in plain sight? SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DUFFY-BLOOD-GROUP; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NEGATIVE INDIVIDUALS; MALARIA PARASITES; IMPORTED MALARIA; BINDING-PROTEIN; EVOLUTIONARY; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; INFECTION AB People who live in tropical Africa, south of the Sahara, are predominantly negative for the Duffy blood-group antigen, which mediates invasion of reticulocytes by Plasmodium vivax. Recent reports of a parasite that was molecularly diagnosed as P. vivax from populations who are suspected, or known, to be Duffy negative confound a large body of evidence that states that invasion of P. vivax requires the Duffy antigen. If confirmed, one of several possible explanations is that P. vivax, which originated in Asia, is now evolving to exploit alternate invasion receptors in Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80535 USA. RP Rosenberg, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80535 USA. EM rrosenberg@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 EI 1471-5007 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2007.02.009 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 169ZV UT WOS:000246631500006 PM 17360237 ER PT J AU Ahmed, R Singh, NS ter Kuile, FO Udhayakumar, V Desai, MR Dash, AP Terlouw, DJ AF Ahmed, R. Singh, N. S. ter Kuile, F. O. Udhayakumar, V. Desai, M. R. Dash, A. P. Terlouw, D. J. TI Rapid assessment of the burden of malaria in pregnancy in Madhya Pradesh, India SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ahmed, R.; Singh, N. S.] Natl Inst Malaria Res, Malaria Ctr Field Stn, Jabalpur, India. [ter Kuile, F. O.; Terlouw, D. J.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Udhayakumar, V.; Desai, M. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dash, A. P.] Nalt Inst Malaria Res, Delhi, India. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 12 SU 1 BP 46 EP 46 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 302FP UT WOS:000255954500134 ER PT J AU Skovmand, O Miller, J Walker, E Gimnic, J AF Skovmand, O. Miller, J. Walker, E. Gimnic, J. TI How do insecticide treated mosquito nets really work? SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Skovmand, O.] Intelligent Insect Control, Castelnau Le Lez, France. [Walker, E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Lansing, MI USA. [Gimnic, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 12 SU 1 BP 65 EP 65 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 302FP UT WOS:000255954500188 ER PT J AU ter Kuile, FO van Eijk, AM Filler, SJ AF ter Kuile, F. O. van Eijk, A. M. Filler, S. J. TI The impact of increasing resistance to sulfadoxinepyrimethamine on the efficacy of intermittent preventive therapy for the control of malaria in pregnancy: a systematic review of trials SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [ter Kuile, F. O.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [van Eijk, A. M.] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & Aids, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Filler, S. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 12 SU 1 BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 302FP UT WOS:000255954500486 ER PT J AU Rowe, SY Olewe, MA Kleinbaum, DG McGowan, JE McFarland, DA Rochat, R Deming, MS AF Rowe, S. Y. Olewe, M. A. Kleinbaum, D. G. McGowan, J. E., Jr. McFarland, D. A. Rochat, R. Deming, M. S. TI Longitudinal analysis of community health workers' adherence to treatment guidelines, Siaya, Kenya, 1997-2002 SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE community health worker; child health; Kenya; quality of health care; health services research; longitudinal studies ID INTERRUPTED TIME-SERIES; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; CHILDHOOD ILLNESS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CHILDREN; MALARIA; PERFORMANCE; FACILITIES; CARE; PREDICTORS AB Objectives To investigate community health workers' (CHW) adherence over time to guidelines for treating ill children and to assess the effect of refresher training on adherence. Methods Analysis of 7151 ill-child consultations performed by 114 CHWs in their communities from March 1997-May 2002. Adherence was assessed with a score (percentage of recommended treatments that were prescribed), calculated for each consultation. Recommended treatments were those that were indicated based on CHW assessments. We used piecewise regression models to evaluate adherence before and after training. Results The average adherence score was 79.4%. Multivariable analyses indicate that immediately after the first refresher training, the mean adherence level improved for patients with a severe illness, but worsened for patients without severe illness. Adherence scores declined rapidly during the 6 months after the second refresher training. Conclusions The first refresher was partially effective, the second refresher had an effect contrary to that intended, and patient characteristics had a strong influence on adherence patterns. Longitudinal studies are useful for monitoring the dynamics of CHW performance and evaluating effects of quality improvement interventions. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CARE Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rowe, SY (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM say9@cdc.gov RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 12 IS 5 BP 651 EP 663 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01824.x PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 157UG UT WOS:000245745900010 PM 17445133 ER PT J AU Gillespie, JL Arnold, KE Noble-Wang, J Jensen, B Arduino, M Hageman, J Srinivasan, A AF Gillespie, Jennifer L. Arnold, Kathryn E. Noble-Wang, Judith Jensen, Bette Arduino, Matthew Hageman, Jeffrey Srinivasan, Arjun TI Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Objectives After the Georgia Department of Human Resources Division of Public Health was notified about 4 patients who were hospitalized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections after outpatient transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies in July 2005, we investigated the cause Of, and risk factors for, the infections. Methods We enhanced surveillance for additional cases, reviewed medical records, evaluated biopsy equipment and infection control practices, and collected environmental samples. Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy procedures were discontinued during the investigation. Results A total of 4 cases were identified. All patients were men aged 57 to 71 years. All 4 recovered with antimicrobial therapy. P. aeruginosa was isolated from the narrow lumen of the steel biopsy needle guide that had been soaking in high-level disinfectant for several days. The needle guide isolate and three available clinical isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel etectrophoresis. A review of the reprocessing procedures of the biopsy needle guide revealed that it was disinfected by submersion in high-level disinfectant rather than sterilization, the reprocessing procedure recommended by the manufacturer. Manual cleaning of the lumen was limited to flushing. After disinfection, the guide was rinsed with nonsterile tap water. Conclusions The outbreak resulted from a contaminated needle guide. The needle guide reprocessing procedures were inadequate. Potential causes of P. aeruginosa contamination include the tack of adequate manual cleaning before disinfection, failure to sterilize the needle guide, and the use of a tap-water rinse after disinfection. Clinicians performing transrectal ultrasound -guided prostate biopsy procedures should follow the manufacturers' needle guide reprocessing recommendations or use disposable needle guides. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gillespie, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jlgillespie@dhr.state.gaws RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 5 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 69 IS 5 BP 912 EP 914 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2007.01.047 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 191GK UT WOS:000248119400026 PM 17482933 ER PT J AU Raofi, S AF Raofi, S. TI Differences in chronic disease care of pre_medicare individuals between metropolitan and non-metropolitan settings SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP A25 EP A25 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)68609-3 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 171DJ UT WOS:000246714800084 ER PT J AU Zhou, F Shefer, A Kong, Y Nuorti, P AF Zhou, F. Shefer, A. Kong, Y. Nuorti, P. TI Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on acute otitis media in young children in the United States, 1997-2004 SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. SAIC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP A145 EP A145 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)68979-6 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 171DJ UT WOS:000246714800454 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA AF Mensah, George A. TI Vascular endothelium: Translating discoveries into public health practice - Part II - Introduction SO VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISEASE PREVENTION; BASIC RESEARCH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-40,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GMensah@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1537-1891 J9 VASC PHARMACOL JI Vasc. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 309 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.vph.2006.10.012 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 156QF UT WOS:000245663400001 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA AF Mensah, George A. TI Healthy endothelium: The scientific basis for cardiovascular health promotion and chronic disease prevention SO VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Vascular Endothelium CY JUN 25-JUL 02, 2005 CL Iraklion, GREECE DE endothelium; endothelial dysfunction; health promotion; prevention; risk factors ID CORONARY RISK-FACTORS; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; HEART-DISEASE; PROGENITOR CELLS; PASSIVE SMOKING; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; YOUNG ADULTS AB The vascular endothelium plays a critical role both in health and in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. This review explores the underlying role of normal endothelial function in core public health interventions for health promotion and in the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, as well as the application of endothelial science toward innovative public health programs and further research. Increased collaboration among basic scientists, clinician-investigators, prevention research centers, and all public health practitioners is needed to facilitate the translation of the endothelial science into practice. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-40,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GMensah@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 54 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1537-1891 J9 VASC PHARMACOL JI Vasc. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 310 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.vph.2006.10.013 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 156QF UT WOS:000245663400002 PM 17229594 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Catravas, JD Heistad, DD Sessa, WC Mensah, GA AF Hooper, W. Craig Catravas, John D. Heistad, Donald D. Sessa, William C. Mensah, George A. TI Vascular endothelium summary statement I: Health promotion and chronic disease prevention SO VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Vascular Endothelium CY JUN 25-JUL 02, 2005 CL Iraklion, GREECE DE endothelium; biomedicine; oxidative stress; endothelial dysfunction ID DYSFUNCTION; MECHANISMS; OBESITY; FOLATE AB The endothelium can be considered a discrete organ with pathophysiologic implications and as such has both diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. It is essential for the normal function of the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, renovascular, and pulmonary vascular system. The endothelium is directly involved in the development and progression of heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, venous thrombosis, insulin resistance, diabetes, chronic kidney failure, tumor growth, metastases and adverse reproductive outcomes for both the mother and her newborn child. Consequently the endothelium represents an objective biological determinant on which to base new multidisciplinary prevention and health promotion strategies. This summary statement suggests some possible avenues for clinical and public health research. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Vasc Biol Ctr, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Med, Iowa City, IA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Boyer Ctr Mol Med, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop DO-2,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM chooper@cdc.gov RI Sessa, William/B-6844-2011; OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1537-1891 J9 VASC PHARMACOL JI Vasc. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 315 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.vph.2006.10.014 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 156QF UT WOS:000245663400003 PM 17197248 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA Ryan, US Hooper, WC Engelgau, MM Callow, AD Kapuku, GK Mantovani, A AF Mensah, George A. Ryan, Una S. Hooper, W. Craig Engelgau, Michael M. Callow, Allan D. Kapuku, Gaston K. Mantovani, Alberto TI Vascular endothelium summary statement II: Cardiovascular disease prevention and control SO VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Vascular Endothelium CY JUN 25-JUL 02, 2005 CL Iraklion, GREECE DE endothelium; cardiovascular; prevention ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH PRACTICE; GLOBAL BURDEN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; LONG PENTRAXIN; RISK-FACTORS; DYSFUNCTION; INFLAMMATION; GUIDELINES; PTX3 AB The prevention and control of cardiovascular disease (CVD), principally ischemic heart disease and stroke, are a major clinical and public health challenge. Worldwide, CVD accounts for substantial morbidity and mortality. The major modifiable CVD risk factors are known and all of them cause endothelial activation and dysfunction. Preventing and controlling the established risk factors are associated with preserved endothelial function and reduced risk of CVD. Research advances that improve our understanding of strategies to preserve endothelial function or make the endothelial cells resilient to environmental insults may help improve our preventive interventions. This summary statement addresses the current state of the science with respect to endothelial dysfunction and CVD pathogenesis, diagnostic evaluation, and suggested strategies for public health practice and research. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. AVANT Immunotherapeut Inc, Needham, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Boston Univ, Whittaker Inst Cardiovasc Res, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Ist Clin Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy. Univ Milan, Inst Pathol, Milan, Italy. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-40,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GMensah@cdc.gov OI Mantovani, Alberto/0000-0001-5578-236X; Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1537-1891 J9 VASC PHARMACOL JI Vasc. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 318 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.vph.2006.10.019 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 156QF UT WOS:000245663400004 PM 17229595 ER PT J AU Reed, E Seffrin, J Giavazzi, R Van Hinsbergh, V Madeddu, P AF Reed, Eddie Seffrin, John Giavazzi, Raffaella Van Hinsbergh, Victor Madeddu, Paolo TI Vascular endothelium summary statement III: Cancer prevention and control SO VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Vascular Endothelium CY JUN 25-JUL 02, 2005 CL Iraklion, GREECE DE cancer prevention; angiogenesis; endothelial cells ID ANGIOGENESIS AB The biology of vascular endothelium can be modulated through the use of pharmacologic agents. Whereas this has been explored to reasonable extent in cardiovascular disease, it is clear that the ability to modulate vascular endothelium for the purpose of cancer prevention is in its early stages. Among the unanswered questions, we do not understand under what circumstances such pharmacologic interventions might best be started; nor, how long such interventions might be used for a given individual. We present concepts for further exploration in the use of endothelial-active agents for cancer prevention and control;, and, strategies for public health practice and research in this area. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, NCCDPHP, CoCHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-20125 Bergamo, Italy. VU Univ Med Ctr, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Bristol, Bristol Heart Inst, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Reed, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, NCCDPHP, CoCHP, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K52, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Ereed1@cdc.gov; John.seffrin@cancer.org; giavazzi@marioegri.it; v.vanhinsbergh@vumc.nl; madeddu@yahoo.com NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1537-1891 J9 VASC PHARMACOL JI Vasc. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 321 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.vph.2006.10.018 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 156QF UT WOS:000245663400005 PM 17234459 ER PT J AU Engelgau, MM Vinicor, F Simionescu, M King, GL Meininger, C Mensah, GA AF Engelgau, Michael M. Vinicor, Frank Simionescu, Maya King, George L. Meininger, Cynthia Mensah, George A. TI Summary statement IV: Obesity and diabetes: Opportunities for translation of basic research SO VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Vascular Endothelium CY JUN 25-JUL 02, 2005 CL Iraklion, GREECE DE obesity; diabetes; endothelial cells AB The worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes that have emerged in the 21st century are creating a major public heath problem, having struck developed countries as well as those still developing. With our present clinical tools, abilities, and understanding, we may not be prepared to respond adequately to the demands or be able to engage in effective prevention strategies. The underlying pathophysiological reasons for the increases in both obesity and diabetes may be closely related through abnormality in endothelial cells. Diverse expertise from within and outside the public health arena will be needed to explore the health implications from an "endothelium" perspective and identify those at risk for the development of chronic disease. Identification of new biological markers and better measures of current biological marker will both be critical in understanding and addressing the ongoing epidemic of chronic diseases. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, NCCDPHP, CoCHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Inst Cellular Biol & Pathol, Bucharest, Romania. Joslin Diabet Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Temple, TX 76508 USA. RP Engelgau, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, NCCDPHP, CoCHP, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mengelgau@cdc.gov RI Simionescu, Maya /C-4794-2011; OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1537-1891 J9 VASC PHARMACOL JI Vasc. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 324 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.vph.2006.10.015 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 156QF UT WOS:000245663400006 PM 17275418 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Mensah, GA Haworth, SG Black, SM Garcia, JGN Langleben, D AF Hooper, W. Craig Mensah, George A. Haworth, S. G. Black, Stephen M. Garcia, Joe G. N. Langleben, David TI Vascular endothelium summary statement V: Pulmonary hypertension and acute lung injury: Public health implications SO VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Vascular Endothelium CY JUN 25-JUL 02, 2005 CL Iraklion, GREECE DE pulmonary hypertension; acute lung injury; vascular endothelium ID ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION; UNITED-STATES; NEWBORN AB Although relatively rare, pulmonary hypertension can be devastating for those individuals who are affected and has significant societal implications. The 2003 WHO classification separates PAH (idiopathic, specific disease linked) from pulmonary hypertension related to lung disease, thromboembolic disease, and pulmonary venous hypertension. Another form of pulmonary hypertension, persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN), occurs in the newborn. In general, PPHN is thought to be responsible for approximately 10% of admissions to neonatal intensive care units and can be a complicating factor in 5 of 1000 live births. Acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are complex disorders that pose a significant threat to critically ill patients. They are usually related to direct lung injury or indirect injury from sepsis, trauma, and other disorders. Although these pulmonary disorders reflect distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms, current evidence strongly suggests that a common denominator underlying many of the established molecular and cellualar elements is endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. This summary statement briefly summarizes the state of the science and suggests future avenues of public health research. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. UCL, Dept Vasc Biol, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. Med Coll Augusta, Vasc Biol Ctr, Augusta, GA USA. Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. McGill Univ, Jewish Gen Hosp, Montreal, PQ H3T 1E2, Canada. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. EM chooper@cdc.gov RI Garcia, Joe/E-8862-2010; OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1537-1891 J9 VASC PHARMACOL JI Vasc. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 327 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.vph.2006.10.017 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 156QF UT WOS:000245663400007 PM 17197249 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA Catravas, JD Engelgau, MM Hooper, WC Madeddu, P Ryan, US She, JX Reed, E Vinicor, F Yacoub, MH AF Mensah, George A. Catravas, John D. Engelgau, Michael M. Hooper, W. Craig Madeddu, Paolo Ryan, Una S. She, Jin-Xiong Reed, Eddie Vinicor, Frank Yacoub, Magdi H. TI Vascular endothelium summary statement VI: Research directions for the 21st century SO VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Vascular Endothelium CY JUN 25-JUL 02, 2005 CL Iraklion, GREECE DE endothelium; research translation; prevention ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; CANCER VACCINES; IMMUNOTHERAPY; CHALLENGES; PREVENTION; PROGRESS AB Effective translation of research advances from the bench to clinical and public health practice at the bedside and in the community at large represents an important step in the health research discovery enterprise. Increasingly,, the gap in translating these advances into practice is being recognized. Successfully addressing this translational gap for the prevention and control of chronic diseases will require the development of novel, innovative, and, if necessary, nontraditional approaches. Participants in the 8th International Conference on Vascular Endothelium discussed a variety of novel approaches that have significant promise. Three of these approaches-vaccine development, genomics and proteomics, and tissue engineering-are highlighted in this position statement and strategies for public health practice and research are suggested. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Vasc Biol Ctr, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Bristol, Bristol Heart Inst, Bristol, Avon, England. AVANT Immunotherapeut, Needham, MA USA. Med Coll Augusta, Ctr Biotechnol & Genom Med, Augusta, GA USA. Harefield Hosp, Imperial Coll Sch Med, Heart Sci Ctr, Harefield UB9 6JH, Middx, England. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-40,Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GMensah@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1537-1891 J9 VASC PHARMACOL JI Vasc. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 330 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.vph.2006.10.016 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 156QF UT WOS:000245663400008 PM 17222586 ER PT J AU McNeil, MM Ma, G Aranas, A Payne, DC Rose, CE AF McNeil, Michael M. Ma, Guihua Aranas, Aaron Payne, Daniel C. Rose, Charles E., Jr. TI A comparative assessment of immunization records in the Defense Medical Surveillance System and the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccine; surveillance; military immunization records ID ANTHRAX VACCINE; VAERS; SAFETY AB We compared immunization data in the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) and immunization data for service members with an anthrax vaccine-associated adverse event reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) during January 1998 through December 2004. Our main measure of agreement was sensitivity of the DMSS conditional on an immunization record(s) occurring in VAERS. The sensitivity of DMSS was 73% for all vaccines and 74% for the anthrax vaccine on the VAERS index immunization date. Our study is the first to quantify the agreement between immunization records in VAERS and DMSS. Our data suggest the immunization information in military VAERS reports and the DMSS is similar for anthrax and non-anthrax immunizations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Anthrax Vaccine Safety Team,Bacterial Vaccine Pre, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNeil, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Anthrax Vaccine Safety Team,Bacterial Vaccine Pre, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmm2@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 17 BP 3428 EP 3436 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.12.044 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 165VP UT WOS:000246334500025 PM 17258846 ER PT J AU Pratt, R Robison, V Navin, T Hlavsa, M Pevzner, E AF Pratt, R. Robison, V. Navin, T. Hlavsa, M. Pevzner, E. TI Trends in tuberculosis incidence - United States, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 245-250, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pratt, R (reprint author), CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 25 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 16 BP 1765 EP 1767 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 160DW UT WOS:000245922100010 ER PT J AU Saydah, S Eberhardt, M Rios-Burrows, N Williams, D Geiss, L AF Saydah, S. Eberhardt, M. Rios-Burrows, N. Williams, D. Geiss, L. TI Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors - United States, 1999-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 161-165, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; US POPULATION C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Diabet TRanslat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Saydah, S (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 25 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 16 BP 1767 EP 1768 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 160DW UT WOS:000245922100011 ER PT J AU Singleton, RJ Hennessy, TW Bulkow, LR Hammitt, LL Zulz, T Hurlburt, DA Butler, JC Rudolph, K Parkinson, A AF Singleton, Rosalyn J. Hennessy, Thomas W. Bulkow, Lisa R. Hammitt, Laura L. Zulz, Tammy Hurlburt, Debby A. Butler, Jay C. Rudolph, Karen Parkinson, Alan TI Invasive pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes among Alaska native children with high levels of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NONSUSCEPTIBLE STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; UNITED-STATES; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; IMPACT; IMMUNIZATION; OPPORTUNITIES; COLONIZATION AB Context With routine childhood vaccination using heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, one concern has been the potential for emergence and expansion of replacement disease caused by serotypes not contained in the heptavalent conjugate vaccine. Objective To determine whether replacement disease is associated with the overall decline in invasive pneumococcal disease among Alaska Native children. Design, Setting, and Patients Alaska statewide longitudinal population-based laboratory surveillance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2006. Main Outcome Measures Incidence and types of pneumococcal disease in children younger than 2 years. Results In the first 3 years after introduction of routine vaccination with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, overall invasive pneumococcal disease decreased 67% in Alaska Native children younger than 2 years (from 403.2 per 100 000 in 1995-2000 to 134.3 per 100 000 per year in 2001-2003, P < .001). However, between 2001-2003 and 2004-2006, there was an 82% increase in invasive disease in Alaska Native children younger than 2 years to 244.6/100 000 (P = .02). Since 2004, the invasive pneumococcal disease rate caused by nonvaccine serotypes has increased 140% compared with the prevaccine period (from 95.1 per 100 000 in 1995-2000 to 228.6 in 2004-2006, P = .001). During the same period, there was a 96% decrease in heptavalent vaccine serotype disease. Serotype 19A accounted for 28.3% of invasive pneumococcal disease among Alaska children younger than 2 years during 2004-2006. There was no significant increase in nonvaccine disease in non-Native Alaska children younger than 2 years. Conclusions Alaska Native children are experiencing replacement invasive pneumococcal disease with serotypes not covered by heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The demonstration of replacement invasive pneumococcal disease emphasizes the importance of ongoing surveillance and development of expanded valency vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Singleton, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ris2@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 432 Z9 447 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 25 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 16 BP 1784 EP 1792 DI 10.1001/jama.297.16.1784 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 160DW UT WOS:000245922100024 PM 17456820 ER PT J AU Puig-Basagoiti, F Tilgner, M Bennett, CJ Zhou, YS Munoz-Jordan, JL Garcia-Sastre, A Bernard, KA Shi, PY AF Puig-Basagoiti, Francesc Tilgner, Mark Bennett, Corey J. Zhou, Yangsheng Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Bernard, Kristen A. Shi, Pei-Yong TI A mouse cell-adapted NS4B mutation attenuates West Nile virus RNA synthesis SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; NS4B; Flavivirus replication ID DENGUE VIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; SUBGENOMIC REPLICONS; INTERFERON INDUCTION; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; IN-VITRO; REPLICATION; INHIBITION; PARTICLES; CULTURE AB An adaptive mutation (E249G) within West Nile virus (WNV) NS4B gene was consistently recovered from replicon RNAs in C3H/He mouse cells. The E249G is located at the C-terminal tail of NS4B predicted to be on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The E249G substitution reduced replicon RNA synthesis. Compared with the wild-type NS4B, the E249G mutant protein exhibited a similar efficiency in evasion of interferon-beta response. Recombinant E249G virus exhibited smaller plaques, slower growth kinetics, and lower RNA synthesis than the wild-type virus in a host-dependent manner, with the greatest difference in rodent cells (C3H/He and BHK-21) and the least difference in mosquito cells (C3/36). Selection of revertants of E249G virus identified a second site mutation at residue 246, which could compensate for the low replication phenotype in cell culture. These results demonstrate that distinct residues within the C-terminal tail of flavivirus NS4B are critical for viral replication. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12208 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Biomed Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Shi, PY (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, 120 New Scotland, Albany, NY 12208 USA. EM ship@wadsworth.org OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI061193-03, U54 AI057158-019001, R21 AI065562, U01 AI061193, AI061193, U54 AI057158, U54AI57158, R21 AI065562-02, N01AI25490, U54 AI57518, N01 AI025490, AI065562, N01-AI25490, U54 AI057158-04] NR 54 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 25 PY 2007 VL 361 IS 1 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.11.012 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 161UQ UT WOS:000246042300023 PM 17178141 ER PT J AU Durant, T McDavid, K Hu, X Sullivan, P Janssen, R Fenton, K AF Durant, T. McDavid, K. Hu, X. Sullivan, P. Janssen, R. Fenton, K. TI Racial/Ethnic disparities in diagnoses of HIV/AIDS - 33 states, 2001-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 189-193, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepat STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Durant, T (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 18 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 15 BP 1647 EP 1649 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 157UR UT WOS:000245747400010 ER PT J AU Yelin, E Cisternas, M Foreman, A Pasta, D Murphy, L Helmick, CG AF Yelin, E. Cisternas, M. Foreman, A. Pasta, D. Murphy, L. Helmick, C. G. TI National and state medical expenditures and lost earnings attributable to arthritis and other rheumatic conditions - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 4-7, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ovat Res Grp, San Francisco, CA USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yelin, E (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 18 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 15 BP 1649 EP 1650 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 157UR UT WOS:000245747400011 ER PT J AU Cohen, MS Gay, C Kashuba, ADM Blower, S Paxton, L AF Cohen, Myron S. Gay, Cynthia Kashuba, Angela D. M. Blower, Sally Paxton, Lynn TI Narrative review: Antiretroviral therapy to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV-1 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS PEP; NON-OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; DRUG-RESISTANT VARIANTS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; GENITAL-TRACT; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; SEMINAL PLASMA; SAN-FRANCISCO; VIRAL LOAD AB Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has prolonged and improved the lives of persons infected with HIV. Theoretically, it can also be used to prevent the transmission of HIV. The pharmacology of ART in the male and female genital tract can be expected to affect the success of the intervention, and ART agents differ considerably in their ability to concentrate in genital tract secretions. Emergency ART is considered to be the standard of care after occupational exposures to fluids or tissues infected with HIV. More recently, ART for prophylaxis after nonoccupational HIV exposures has been widely used and most countries have developed specific guidelines for its implementation. However, developing clinical trials to prove the efficacy of ART postexposure prophylaxis has not been possible. Experiments with rhesus macaques suggest that therapy must be offered as soon as possible after exposure (within 72 hours) and must be continued for 28 days. Additional nonhuman primate experiments have demonstrated protection from HIV infection with ART preexposure prophylaxis, and several clinical trials are under way to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach. The degree to which ART offered to infected persons reduces infectiousness is of considerable public health importance, but the question has not been sufficiently answered. This article provides a review of the data on the use of ART to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV and identify challenges to improving and clarifying this approach. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cohen, MS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, CB 7030,130 Mason Farm Rd,2115 Bioinformat Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mscohen@med.unc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32AI07151]; PHS HHS [R0141935, R0154980, R37049381, U01067854] NR 102 TC 163 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD APR 17 PY 2007 VL 146 IS 8 BP 591 EP U63 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 158FV UT WOS:000245778000005 PM 17438318 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Xie, JP Mensah, GA AF Brown, David W. Xie, Jipan Mensah, George A. TI Electrocardiographic recording and timeliness of clinician evaluation in the emergency department in patients presenting with chest pain SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; REPERFUSION; MANAGEMENT; DOOR; TIME; SEX AB Acute chest pain (CP), a leading symptom of persons presenting to emergency departments (EDs), may represent a life-threatening emergency or nonurgent condition requiring routine outpatient follow-up. In either case, rapid provision of an electrocardiogram and clinician evaluation are essential for determining appropriate treatment or discharge from the ED. Data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were used to estimate the proportion of hospital ED visits for a chief symptom of CP in adults aged >= 25 years with documentation of both an electrocardiogram and mean and/or median wait time to see a clinician in the ED. In 2004, adults aged :25 years made nearly 5.3 million (men 2.5, women 2.8) CP-ED visits. Patients arrived by means of ambulance in only 25% of visits. Overall, a quarter of the patients with CP visits waited < 10 minutes to see a physician in 2003 to 2004. Mean wait time was 36 +/- 1.7 (SE) minutes, an increase of 5 minutes from that in 1997 to 1998. In 2003 to 2004, provision of an electrocardiogram was documented for about 80% of all patients with CP-related ED visits and 90% of those with visits for undifferentiated or cardiac CP. The odds of having an electrocardiogram taken in the ED increased (p <= 50.05) for older adults, men, and those triaged as emergency cases (vs unknown or no triage) or who waited < 10 minutes to see a physician (vs >= 10-minute wait time). A large proportion of visits were for undifferentiated CP (54%). Cardiac CP accounted for 16% (3% ischemic) and noncardiac CP accounted for 30% of visits. Median wait times for a physician were 12 minutes for those with ischemic CP, 15 minutes for those with other cardiac CP, 18 minutes for those with undifferentiated CP, and 25 minutes for those with noncardiac CP. From 1993 to 2004, ED visits for CP increased for younger (25 to 64 years) adults (1993: 15.6 per 1,000 population, 2.5 million visits vs 2004: 20.9 per 1,000, 4.0 million) and decreased for older adults (>= 65 years) (1993: 9.7 per 1,000; 1.5 million vs 2004:. 7.3 per 1,000; 1.3 million). In conclusion, most ED patient visits for undifferentiated and cardiac CP included an electrocardiogram and timely clinician evaluation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dbrown6@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1115 EP 1118 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.12.023 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 159ZH UT WOS:000245906000017 PM 17437738 ER PT J AU Theis, KA Murphy, L Hootman, JM Helmick, CG Yelin, E AF Theis, Kristina A. Murphy, Louise Hootman, Jennifer M. Helmick, Charles G. Yelin, Edward TI Prevalence and correlates of arthritis-attributable work limitation in the US population among persons ages 18-64: 2002 National Health Interview Survey Data SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; disability; work ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; UNITED-STATES; MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS; RISK-FACTORS; DISABILITY; EMPLOYMENT; DISEASES; IDENTIFICATION; INTERVENTION; MANAGEMENT AB Objective. To estimate the national prevalence of arthritis-attributable work limitation (AAWL) among persons ages 18-64 with doctor-diagnosed arthritis and examine correlates of AAWL. Methods. Using the 2002 National Health Interview Survey, we estimated the prevalence of AAWL (limited in whether individuals work, the type of work they do, or the amount of work they do) and correlates of AAWL in univariable and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses. Survey data were analyzed in SAS and SUDAAN to account for the complex sample design. Results. A total of 5.3% of all US adults ages 18-64 reported AAWL; in this age group, AAWL is reported by similar to 30% of those who report arthritis. The prevalence of AAWL was highest among people ages 45-64 years (10.2%), women (6.3%), non-Hispanic blacks (7.7%), people with less than a high school education (8.6%), and those with an annual household income <$20,000 (12.6%). AAWL was substantially increased among people with arthritis-attributable activity limitations (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio [OR] 9.1, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7.1-11.6). The multivariable-adjusted likelihood of AAWL was moderately higher among non-Hispanic blacks (OR 1.6,95% CI 1.2-2.3), Hispanics (OR 1.8, 95% CI CI.2-2.6), and people with high levels of functional/social/leisure limitations (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3) and was decreased among those with a college education (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.8). Conclusion. AAWL is highly prevalent, affecting millions of Americans and one-third of adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis. Findings suggest the need for more targeted research to better understand the natural history, success of interventions, and effects of policy on AAWL. Public health interventions, including self-management education programs, may be effective in countering AAWL. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Arthritis Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Business Comp Applicat Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Rosalind Russell Med Res Ctr Arthrit, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Theis, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Arthritis Program, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS-K-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ktheis@cdc.gov FU NIAMS NIH HHS [P60 AR053308, P60 AR053308-01] NR 40 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 57 IS 3 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1002/art.22622 PG 9 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 159PK UT WOS:000245878200001 PM 17394215 ER PT J AU Thoburn, KK German, RR Lewis, M Nichols, PJ Ahmed, F Jackson-Thompson, J AF Thoburn, Kathleen K. German, Robert R. Lewis, Mary Nichols, Phyllis Janie Ahmed, Faruque Jackson-Thompson, Jeannette TI Case completeness and data accuracy in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; prostate cancer; colorectal cancer; lung cancer; incidence data quality; computerized medical records systems; surveillance; National Program of Cancer Registries-Cancer Surveillance System ID UNITED-STATES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; SURVEILLANCE DATA; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB BACKGROUND. issues of case completeness (CC) and data quality within the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR)-Cancer Surveillance System (NPCR-CSS) are assessed in part by the NPCR Technical Assistance and Audit Program (NPCR-TAA). In addition, the NPCR Annual Program Evaluation Instrument (NPCR-APEI) provides information about NPCR-supported central cancer registries (CCRs). The current report includes a unique, national-level analysis of NPCR-TAA results linked with NPCR-APEI data and other covariates. METHODS. NPCR-TAA results for 34 CCRs were aggregated across diagnosis years 1998 to 2001 for analysis of average CC rates and site-specific data accuracy (DA) rates by covariates obtained from the NPCR-APEI, United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) publications, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) Web site. Site-specific DA rates were calculated for the 13 data elements examined in the audit program. Small-sample Student t tests were used to determine statistically significant differences in covariates (alpha = -.05). RESULTS. overall, the average CC and DA rates were 96.4% and 95%, respectively. Both site- and data element-specific DA issues were highlighted. Higher CC and DA rates were observed for CCRs that were staffed with more certified tumor registrars, had supplementary sources reporting, and met USCS publication standards and/or achieved NAACCR certification. CONCLUSIONS. Study findings underscored the importance of CCRs having adequate, well-trained staff, procuring supplemental reporting sources, and attaining compliance with national data standards. The study results also demonstrated the overall high completeness and quality of NPCR-CSS data and provided guidance to users of the data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Canc Surveillance Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control,Natl Program Canc Regi, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Univ Missouri, Hlth Management & Informat Dept, Columbia, MO USA. RP German, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Canc Surveillance Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control,Natl Program Canc Regi, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rrg1@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U55/CCU222012-03, U55/CCU721904-04] NR 22 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 8 BP 1607 EP 1616 DI 10.1002/cncr.22566 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 155IK UT WOS:000245570900022 PM 17343277 ER PT J AU Yee, EL Palacio, H Atmar, RL Shah, U Kilborn, C Faul, M Gavagan, TE Feigin, RD Versalovic, J Neill, FH Panlilio, AL Miller, M Spahr, J Glass, RI AF Yee, Eileen L. Palacio, Herminia Atmar, Robert L. Shah, Umair Kilborn, Cindy Faul, Mark Gavagan, Thomas E. Feigin, Ralph D. Versalovic, James Neill, Frederick H. Panlilio, Adelisa L. Miller, Mark Spahr, James Glass, Roger I. TI Widespread outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis among evacuees of Hurricane Katrina residing in a large "megashelter" in Houston, Texas: Lessons learned for prevention SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; CALICIVIRUSES; CARE AB Background. After Hurricane Katrina, an estimated 200,000 persons were evacuated to the Houston metropolitan area, 127,000 of whom were housed in 1 large "megashelter," the Reliant Park Complex. We investigated an outbreak of gastroenteritis reported among the evacuees who resided in the Reliant Park Complex to assess the spread of the infectious agent, norovirus, and to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions used for control. Methods. Public health authorities conducted surveillance of gastroenteritis among evacuees treated at the Reliant Park Medical Clinic during 2-12 September 2005. Basic demographic and clinical data were recorded. Specimens of stool and vomitus were collected and tested for bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Shelter census data were used to estimate the daily incidence of disease. Results. During a period of 11 days, > 1000 patients were treated at the clinic for gastroenteritis, which accounted for 17% of all clinic visits. Norovirus was the sole enteric pathogen identified, but multiple different strains were involved. Among the evacuees residing in the Reliant Park Complex, the incidence of gastroenteritis was estimated to be 4.6 visits per 1000 persons per day, and among the evacuees who resided there for 9 days, 1 (4%) of 24 persons would have been ill. Intensive public health measures were promptly instituted but did not definitively slow the progression of the outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis. Conclusions. Our investigation underscores the difficulties in managing such outbreaks in crowded settings and the need for rapid, sensitive laboratory assays to detect norovirus. Additional research is needed to establish more effective measures to control and prevent this highly contagious gastrointestinal illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Dis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Harris Cty Hosp Dist, Houston, TX USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Yee, EL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Dis, Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bwd3@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1032 EP 1039 DI 10.1086/512195 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 146IR UT WOS:000244928200003 PM 17366445 ER PT J AU Fischer, TK Viboud, C Parashar, U Malek, M Steiner, C Glass, R Simonsen, L AF Fischer, Thea Kolsen Viboud, Cecile Parashar, Umesh Malek, Mark Steiner, Claudia Glass, Roger Simonsen, Lone TI Hospitalizations and deaths from diarrhea and rotavirus among children < 5 years of age in the United States, 1993-2003 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MORBIDITY; GASTROENTERITIS; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTION; MORTALITY; DISEASE; TRENDS; IMPACT; CODE AB Recently a new rotavirus vaccine was licensed in the United States and recommended for universal immunization of American children. The impact of the vaccine on a decrease in hospitalizations will take several years to assess and will be based on the availability of good baseline data on the disease. We used the largest US hospital discharge database available, the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), to study national rates, trends, and risk factors for diarrhea- and rotavirus-associated hospitalizations and deaths among children < 5 years of age, to establish a baseline against which vaccine implementation can be measured. Rotavirus remained the most important cause of pediatric diarrhea throughout the study period (1993-2003). When the data were extrapolated to the US population, rotavirus was estimated to be the cause of similar to 60,000 hospitalizations and 37 deaths annually. Black infants had a significantly higher risk of being hospitalized with and dying from rotavirus disease early in life, compared with white infants (risk ratio [RR] for hospitalization by 12 months of age was 2.4, with a 95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.2-4.7; RR for death was 2.0, with a 95% CI of 1.7-2.5). Such racial differences in age and risk of rotavirus-associated hospitalization and death highlight the importance of timely and early rotavirus immunization of minority children. The HCUP database serves as a sensitive and robust data source for monitoring the impact of a rotavirus-immunization program in the United States. C1 Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. NIH, NIAID, Bethesda, MD USA. Agcy Hlth Care Res & Qual, Ctr Delivery Org & Markets, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Fischer, TK (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, Artillivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM thf@ssi.dk; LSimonsen@niaid.nih.gov OI Fischer, Thea Kolsen/0000-0003-4812-980X; Simonsen, Lone/0000-0003-1535-8526 NR 27 TC 100 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 8 BP 1117 EP 1125 DI 10.1086/512863 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 153AW UT WOS:000245405100007 PM 17357047 ER PT J AU Madans, J Pallos, L AF Madans, Jennifer Pallos, L. TI Tenth biennial CDC and ATSDR symposium on statistical methods: Opening remarks SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Hlth Studies, Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Madans, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jennifer.madans@cdc.hhs.gov; l.pallos@cdc.hhs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1655 EP 1656 DI 10.1002/sim.2805 PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 149JI UT WOS:000245142800001 ER PT J AU Zhao, Z AF Zhao, Zhen TI Early stopping clinical trials of binomial response with an exact group sequential method SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Biennial Symposium on Statistical Methods CY 2007 CL Washington, DC SP CDC, ATSDR, Washington Statist Soc, Rutgers Univ, Ctr Discrete Math& Comp Sci, SAG, Statist Advisory Grp DE stopping; clinical trials; group sequential methods; exact AB In Phase II clinical trials much slower patient enrollment and intervening results of comparable trials can make it desirable to stop trials early when the data indicate no relevant effect. For a binomial response, we adopt an exact group sequential method as a decision tool to assess whether the trial could be stopped early or not. We have applied the exact group sequential method to a Phase II Tuberculosis clinical trial, and the results have been compared with that from error spending and conditional power approaches. We conclude that the exact group sequential method is more efficient for interim analysis in clinical trials than the error spending and conditional power approaches. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zhao, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zaz0@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1724 EP 1729 DI 10.1002/sim.2807 PG 6 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 149JI UT WOS:000245142800007 PM 17206748 ER PT J AU Burt, CW Hing, E AF Burt, Catharine W. Hing, Esther TI Making patient-level estimates from medical encounter records using a multiplicity estimator SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Biennial Symposium on Statistical Methods CY 2007 CL Washington, DC SP CDC, ATSDR, Washington Statist Soc, Rutgers Univ, Ctr Discrete Math& Comp Sci, SAG, Statist Advisory Grp DE network sampling; multiplicity estimator; patients; physician visits AB The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) is a nationally representative survey of medical encounters in physician offices in the United States. Data from this survey and its counterpart in hospitals, the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), have been used to investigate physician treatment and prescribing patterns. A limitation of these data, however, is that they represent visits rather than patients. Starting in 2001, the survey questionnaires began collecting information on the number of past visits the patient had to the sample provider during the one-year period prior to the sampled visit. This information was used to estimate number of patients from the NAMCS and NHAMCS visit data using a multiplicity estimator. The resulting distribution of patients by the number of annual visits is similar to the distribution of persons in the U.S. making ambulatory care visits from a population-based survey. This estimation technique may be useful in estimating patients with clinical characteristics that are difficult to collect from a population-based survey. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Burt, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,3rd Floor, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM cburt@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1762 EP 1774 DI 10.1002/sim.2797 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 149JI UT WOS:000245142800010 PM 17221943 ER PT J AU Rolka, H Burkom, H Cooper, GF Kulldorff, M Madigan, D Wong, WK AF Rolka, Henry Burkom, Howard Cooper, Gregory F. Kulldorff, Martin Madigan, David Wong, Weng-Keen TI Issues in applied statistics for public health bioterrorism surveillance using multiple data streams: Research needs SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Biennial Symposium on Statistical Methods CY 2007 CL Washington, DC SP CDC, ATSDR, Washington Statist Soc, Rutgers Univ, Ctr Discrete Math& Comp Sci, SAG, Statist Advisory Grp DE applied statistics; public health bioterrorism surveillance; multiple data streams; biosurveillance ID COMBINING PROBABILITY VALUES; FALSE-DISCOVERY RATE; SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE; INDEPENDENT EXPERIMENTS; BONFERRONI PROCEDURE; CLUSTERS; SYSTEM; TESTS; INFECTION; OUTBREAKS AB The objective of this report is to provide a basis to inform decisions about priorities for developing statistical research initiatives in the field of public health surveillance for emerging threats. Rapid information system advances have created a vast opportunity of secondary data sources for information to enhance the situational and health status awareness of populations. While the field of medical informatics and initiatives to standardize healthcare-seeking encounter records continue accelerating, it is necessary to adapt analytic and statistical methodologies to mature in sync with sibling information science technologies. One major right-of-passage for statistical inference is to advance the optimal application of analytic methodologies for using multiple data streams in detecting and characterizing public health population events of importance. This report first describes the problem in general and the data context, then delineates more specifically the practical nature of the problem and the related issues. Approaches currently applied to data with time-series, statistical process control and traditional inference concepts are described with examples in the section on Statistics and the Role of the Analytic Surveillance Data Monitor. These are the techniques that are providing substance to surveillance professionals and enabling use of multiple data streams. The next section describes use of a more complex approach that takes temporal as well as spatial dimensionsinto consideration for detection and situational awareness regarding event distributions. The space-time statistic has successfully been used to detect and track public health events of interest. Important research questions which are summarized at the end of this report are described in more detail with respect to the methodological application in the respective sections. This was thought to help elucidate the research requirements as summarized later in the report. Following the description of the space-time scan statistical application; this report extends to a less traditional area of promise given what has been observed in recent application of analytic methods. Bayesian networks (BNs) represent a conceptual step with advantages of flexibility for the public health surveillance community. Progression from traditional to the more extending statistical concepts in the context of the dynamic status quo of responsibility and challenge, leads to a conclusion consisting of categorical research needs. The report is structured by design to inform judgment about how to build on practical systems to achieve better analytic outcomes for public health surveillance. There are references to research issues throughout the sections with a summarization at the end, which also includes items previously unmentioned in the report. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Natl Secur Technol Dept, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Div Gen Internal Med, Ctr Biomed Informat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Rolka, H (reprint author), Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency Preparedness & Response, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS D45, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM HRolka@cdc.gov RI Kulldorff, Martin/H-4282-2011; OI Kulldorff, Martin/0000-0002-5284-2993; burkom, howard/0000-0003-0667-9467 NR 71 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1834 EP 1856 DI 10.1002/sim.2793 PG 27 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 149JI UT WOS:000245142800016 PM 17221940 ER PT J AU Thoen, CO LoBue, PA AF Thoen, Charles O. LoBue, Philip A. TI Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis: forgotten, but not gone SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thoen, CO (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cthoen@iastate.edu NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 14 PY 2007 VL 369 IS 9569 BP 1236 EP 1238 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60572-8 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 164YA UT WOS:000246269700005 PM 17434381 ER PT J AU Galindo, M Lago, PM Caceres, V Landaverde, M Sutter, R AF Galindo, Miguel Lago, Pedro Mas Caceres, Victor Landaverde, Mauricio Sutter, Roland CA Cuba IPV Study Collaborative Grp TI Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in Cuba SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; POLIOMYELITIS; IMMUNIZATION; EXCRETION; CHILDREN; INFANTS; CIRCULATION; SCHEDULES; CAMPAIGN; VIRUS AB Background: After poliomyelitis has been eradicated, access to live polioviruses will be highly restricted and the use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) will probably be discontinued. Countries using OPV must decide whether to switch to inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) or stop polio vaccination. Because data on the immunogenicity of IPV in tropical developing countries are limited, we conducted a randomized, controlled trial of IPV in Cuba. Methods: The study population consisted of healthy infants born in Havana. A total of 166 infants were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A received a combination of the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine, the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, and IPV (DPT-Hib-IPV) at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Group B, the control group, received a combination of the DPT vaccine and the Hib vaccine at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Another group (group C, 100 infants), which did not undergo randomization at the same time as groups A and B, received the DPT-Hib-IPV combination at 8 and 16 weeks of age. Serum samples were collected before vaccination and at least 4 weeks after the last dose. Stool samples were obtained before and 7 days after challenge with OPV. Results: The seroconversion rates in group A were 94%, 83%, and 100% for types 1, 2, and 3 poliovirus, respectively. There were no seroconversions in group B. The seroconversion rates in group C were 90%, 89%, and 90% for poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, respectively. For groups A, B, and C, the virus isolation rates after challenge with OPV were 94%, 91%, and 97%, respectively, and the mean log(sub 10) viral titers of any serotype were 3.46, 3.89, and 3.37, respectively. There was one major adverse event, an episode of hypotonia. Conclusions: Vaccination with two or three doses of IPV resulted in a rate of seroconversion of at least 90%, except for seroconversion against type 2. The viral titer of OPV shed in the stool after OPV challenge was reduced in both groups receiving IPV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance Capac Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cuban Minist Publ Hlth, Havana, Cuba. Pedro Kouri Inst Trop Med, Havana, Cuba. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Caceres, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance Capac Dev, Mailstop E-93,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 12 PY 2007 VL 356 IS 15 BP 1536 EP 1544 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 156CA UT WOS:000245624400007 ER PT J AU Fogg, CN Americo, JL Lustig, S Huggins, JW Smith, SK Damon, I Resch, W Earl, PL Klinman, DM Moss, B AF Fogg, Christiana N. Americo, Jeffrey L. Lustig, Shlomo Huggins, John W. Smith, Scott K. Damon, Inger Resch, Wolfgang Earl, Patricia L. Klinman, Dennis M. Moss, Bernard TI Adjuvant-enhanced antibody responses to recombinant proteins correlates with protection of mice and monkeys to orthopoxvirus challenges SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE smallpox; monkeypox; vaccinia virus ID EXTRACELLULAR ENVELOPED VIRUS; T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; MONOPHOSPHORYL-LIPID-A; VACCINIA VIRUS; SMALLPOX VACCINE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SAPONIN ADJUVANT; POXVIRUS INFECTION; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; CPG MOTIFS AB Recombinant proteins are being evaluated as smallpox and monkeypox vaccines because of their perceived safety compared to live vaccinia virus. Previously, we demonstrated that three or more injections of a Ribi-type adjuvant with a combination of three proteins from the outer membranes of intracellular (L1 protein) and extracellular (A33 and B5 proteins) forms of vaccinia virus protected mice against a lethal intranasal challenge with vaccinia virus. Here, we compared several adjuvants and found that QS-21 and to a lesser extent alum+CpG oligodeoxynucleotides accelerated and enhanced neutralizing antibody responses to a mixture of L1 and A33 proteins, provided the highest ratio of IgG2a to IgG1 isotype response, and protected mice against disease and death after only two immunizations 3 weeks apart. In addition, monkeys immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus proteins and QS-21 developed neutralizing antibody to monkeypox virus and had reduced virus load, skin lesions, and morbidity compared to the non-immunized group following monkeypox virus challenge. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIAID, NIH, Viral Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FDA, Div Viral Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Moss, B (reprint author), NIAID, NIH, Viral Dis Lab, 33 N Dr MSC3210,Bldg 33,Room 1E13C-1, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM bmoss@nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI057168, RCE-U54-AI57168, Z01 AI000979-01] NR 63 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 12 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 15 BP 2787 EP 2799 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.12.037 PG 13 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 158WL UT WOS:000245825800007 PM 17229505 ER PT J AU Sloan, SE Hanlon, C Weldon, W Niezgoda, M Blanton, J Self, J Rowley, KJ Mandell, RB Babcock, GJ Thomas, WD Rupprecht, CE Ambrosino, DM AF Sloan, Susan E. Hanlon, Cathleen Weldon, William Niezgoda, Michael Blanton, Jesse Self, Josh Rowley, Kirk J. Mandell, Robert B. Babcock, Gregory J. Thomas, William D., Jr. Rupprecht, Charles E. Ambrosino, Donna M. TI Identification and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody that potently neutralizes a broad panel of rabies virus isolates SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rabies; monoclonal antibody; prophylaxis ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; POSTEXPOSURE TREATMENT; GLYCOPROTEIN; PATHOGENICITY; PALIVIZUMAB; FAILURE; LYSSAVIRUSES; PROPHYLAXIS; DETERMINANT; MECHANISMS AB Rabies is a zoonosis that results in millions of human exposures worldwide each year. Human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) that neutralize rabies virus may represent one viable strategy for post-exposure prophylaxis in humans, and have many advantages over current human or equine rabies immune globulin. Transgenic mice carrying human immunoglobulin genes were used to isolate human monoclonal antibodies that neutralized rabies virus. Several HuMAbs were identified that neutralized rabies virus variants from a broad panel of isolates of public health significance. HuMAb 17C7 was the most promising antibody identified because it neutralized all rabies virus isolates tested. HuMAb 17C7 recognizes a conformational epitope on the rabies virus glycoprotein which includes antigenic site III. HuMAb 17C7 protected hamsters from a lethal dose of rabies virus in a well-established in vivo model of post-exposure prophylaxis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Massachusetts Biol Labs, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ambrosino, DM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Massachusetts Biol Labs, 305 S St, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. EM donna.ambrosino@umassmed.edu NR 33 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 12 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 15 BP 2800 EP 2810 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.12.031 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 158WL UT WOS:000245825800008 PM 17240489 ER PT J AU Cheng, S Abramova, L Saab, G Turabelidze, G Patel, P Arduino, M Kallen, A Jhung, M AF Cheng, S. Abramova, L. Saab, G. Turabelidze, G. Patel, P. Arduino, M. Kallen, A. Jhung, M. CA CDC TI Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy associated with exposure to gadolinium-containing contrast agents - St. Louis, Missouri 2002-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 137-141, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEMODIALYSIS; DIALYSIS C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Columbia, MO USA. Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Svcs, St Louis, MO USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cheng, S (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 14 BP 1542 EP 1544 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 155PG UT WOS:000245589800011 ER PT J AU Green, MD Nettey, H Rojas, OV Pamanivong, C Khounsaknalath, L Ortiz, MG Newton, PN Fernandez, FM Vongsack, L Manolin, O AF Green, Michael D. Nettey, Henry Rojas, Ofelia Villalva Pamanivong, Chansapha Khounsaknalath, Larnphet Ortiz, Miguel Grande Newton, Paul N. Fernandez, Facundo M. Vongsack, Latsamy Manolin, Ot TI Use of refractometry and colorimetry as field methods to rapidly assess antimalarial drug quality (vol 43, pg 105, 2007) SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Correction C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Natl Salud, Ctr Natl Control Calidad, Lima, Peru. Minist Hlth, Food & Drug Qual Control Ctr, Viangchan, Laos. Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp, Oxford Trop Med Res Collaborat, Viangchan, Laos. Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Green, MD (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM mgreen@cdc.gov RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1890 EP 1890 DI 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.028 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 161IO UT WOS:000246008300045 ER PT J AU Podewils, LJ Guallar, E Beauchamp, N Lyketsos, CG Kuller, LH Scheltens, P AF Podewils, L. J. Guallar, E. Beauchamp, N. Lyketsos, C. G. Kuller, L. H. Scheltens, P. TI Physical activity and white matter lesion progression - Assessment using MRI SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH; DEMENTIA; RISK; APOE AB We evaluated the association between physical activity and changes in white matter lesions (WMLs) on MRI in a sample of 179 older adults comprising 59 incident cases of Alzheimer disease, 60 persons with mild cognitive impairment, and 60 persons who remained cognitively stable over a median 5-year follow-up. Physical activity was not significantly associated with a decreased rate of periventricular or deep WML progression. C1 Johns Hopkins, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Geriatr Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Neuropsychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Podewils, LJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS-E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lpp8@cdc.gov RI Guallar, Eliseo/D-3807-2014 OI Guallar, Eliseo/0000-0002-4471-9565 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC 85086, N01-HC-15103, N01-HC-35129, N01-HC-85079]; NIA NIH HHS [AG15928] NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 68 IS 15 BP 1223 EP 1226 DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000259063.50219.3e PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 155IC UT WOS:000245570100011 PM 17420407 ER PT J AU Trainor, NB Crill, WD Roberson, JA Chang, GJJ AF Trainor, Nicole B. Crill, Wayne D. Roberson, Jill A. Chang, Gwong-Jen J. TI Mutation analysis of the fusion domain region of St. Louis encephalitis virus envelope protein SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE cross-reactive epitopes; flavivirus; St. Louis encephalitis virus; West Nile Virus; fusion peptide ID TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; NONINFECTIOUS RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DENGUE 2 VIRUS; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; FLAVIVIRUS; INFECTIONS; IDENTIFICATION AB The immune response to flavivirus infections produces both species-specific and flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies. The presence of cross-reactive antibodies complicates serodiagnosis of flavivirus infections, especially secondary infections caused by a heterologous virus. A successful public health response to the growing global threat posed by flaviviruses necessitates the development of virus-specific diagnostic antigens. The flavivirus envelope (E) glycoprotein is the principle antigen stimulating protective immunity during infection. Using recombinant St. Louis encephalitis virus-like particles (VLPs), we have identified amino acid residues involved in flavivirus cross-reactive epitope determinants. Most significant among the residues studied are three highly conserved amino acids in the fusion peptide: Gly104, Gly106, and Leu107. Substitutions of these residues dramatically influenced VLP secretion and cross-reactive monoclonal antibody reactivity. These results provide critical insight into the antigenic structure of the flaviviral E protein and toward development of species-specific diagnostic antigens that should improve both flavivirus diagnosis and estimates of disease burden. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Publ Hlth Serv, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Crill, WD (reprint author), Publ Hlth Serv, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,US Dept HHS, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM wcrill@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 360 IS 2 BP 398 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.10.033 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 155GO UT WOS:000245566100015 PM 17157348 ER PT J AU Dimitrov, DT Hallam, TG Rupprecht, CE Turmelle, AS McCracken, GF AF Dimitrov, Dobromir T. Hallam, Thomas G. Rupprecht, Charles E. Turmelle, Amy S. McCracken, Gary F. TI Integrative models of bat rabies immunology, epizootiology and disease demography SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immune system; epizootic model; viral infection; rabies ID TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS-MEXICANA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; ANTIBODY AB Bats are natural reservoirs of rabies. We address the maintenance of the disease in bat colonies by developing individual and population models that generate indicators of risk of rabies to bats, that provide dynamic estimates of effects of rabies on population densities, and that suggest consequences of viral exposures and infections in bats relative to physiological and ecological characteristics of bats in different habitats. We present individual models (within host) for the immune responses to a rabies virus challenge, an immunotypic disease model that describes the evolution of the disease and a disease demographics model, which is structured by immunotypic response governed by immune system efficiency. Model simulations are consistent with available data, characterized by relatively low prevalence of the virus in colonies and much higher prevalence of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies. Under model conditions, there is a robust non-clinical state that can be attained by the exposed individual that allows persistence of the disease in the population. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dimitrov, DT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, 569 Dubney Hall,1416 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ddimitr1@utk.edu; thallam@utk.edu; cyr5@cdc.gov; aturmell@utk.edu; gmccrack@utk.edu OI Dimitrov, Dobromir/0000-0002-2842-5436; McCracken, Gary/0000-0002-2493-8103 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD APR 7 PY 2007 VL 245 IS 3 BP 498 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.11.001 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 156TF UT WOS:000245672100010 PM 17184793 ER PT J AU Grijalvaj, CG Nuorti, JP Arbogast, PG Martin, SW Edwards, KM Griffin, MR AF Grijalvaj, Carlos G. Nuorti, J. Pekka Arbogast, Patrick G. Martin, Stacey W. Edwards, Kathryn M. Griffin, Marie R. TI Decline in pneumonia admissions after routine childhood immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the USA: a time-series analysis SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; CHILDREN YOUNGER; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; PREVENTION; INFLUENZA; EFFICACY; TRIAL AB Background Routine infant immunisation with seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) began in the USA in 2000. Although invasive pneumococcal disease has declined substantially, the programme's effect on hospital admissions for pneumonia is unknown. We therefore assessed the effect of the programme on rates of all-cause and pneumococcal pneumonia admissions. Methods Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, the largest inpatient database available in the USA, were analysed with an interrupted time-series analysis that used pneumonia (all-cause and pneumococcal) admission rates as the main outcomes. Monthly admission rates estimated for years after the introduction of PCV7 vaccination (2001-2004) were compared with expected rates calculated from pre-PCV7 years (1997-1999). The year of vaccine introduction (2000) was excluded, and rates of admission for dehydration were assessed for comparison. Findings At the end of 2004, all-cause pneumonia admission rates had declined by 39% (95% CI 22-52) for children younger than 2 years, who were the target population of the vaccination programme. This annual decline in all-cause pneumonia admissions of 506 (291-675) per 100 000 children younger than 2 years represented about 41000 pneumonia admissions prevented in 2004. During the 8 study years, 10 659 (2%) children younger than 2 years admitted with pneumonia were coded as having pneumococcal disease; these rates declined by 65% (47-77). This decline represented about 17 fewer admissions per 100 000 children in 2004. Admission rates for dehydration for children younger than 2 years remained stable over the study period. Interpretation The reduction in all-cause pneumonia admissions in children younger than 2 years provides an estimate of the proportion of childhood pneumonias attributable to Streptococcus pneumoniae in the USA that are vaccine preventable. Our results contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the beneficial effects of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. VA TN Valley Hlth Care Syst, Mids Geriatr Res Educ, Nashville, TN USA. VA TN Valley Hlth Care Syst, Clin Res Ctr Excellence, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Griffin, MR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Village Vanderbilt,Suite 2600,1500 21st Ave, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. EM marie.griffin@vanderbilt.edu FU AHRQ HHS [1R03 HS016784]; ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-0825, TS-1392]; PHS HHS [U38/CCU417958] NR 45 TC 381 Z9 403 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 7 PY 2007 VL 369 IS 9568 BP 1179 EP 1186 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60564-9 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 155RH UT WOS:000245595100029 PM 17416262 ER PT J AU Van Rompay, KKA Johnson, JA Blackwood, EJ Singh, RP Lipscomb, J Matthews, TB Marthas, ML Pedersen, NC Bischofberger, N Heneine, W North, TW AF Van Rompay, Koen K. A. Johnson, Jeffrey A. Blackwood, Emily J. Singh, Raman P. Lipscomb, Jonathan Matthews, Timothy B. Marthas, Marta L. Pedersen, Niels C. Bischofberger, Norbert Heneine, Walid North, Thomas W. TI Sequential emergence and clinical implications of viral mutants with K70E and K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase during prolonged tenofovir monotherapy in rhesus macaques with chronic RT-SHIV infection SO RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL-EXPERIENCED PATIENTS; THYMIDINE-ANALOG MUTATIONS; EARLY VIROLOGICAL FAILURE; CLASS-I MOLECULE; DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; CELLULAR-IMMUNITY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; SHORT-TERM AB Background: We reported previously on the emergence and clinical implications of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251) mutants with a K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase (RT), and the role of CD8+ cell-mediated immune responses in suppressing viremia during tenofovir therapy. Because of significant sequence differences between SIV and HIV-1 RT that affect drug susceptibilities and mutational patterns, it is unclear to what extent findings with SIV can be extrapolated to HIV-1 RT. Accordingly, to model HIV-1 RT responses, 12 macaques were inoculated with RT-SHIV, a chimeric SIV containing HIV-1 RT, and started on prolonged tenofovir therapy 5 months later. Results: The early virologic response to tenofovir correlated with baseline viral RNA levels and expression of the MHC class I allele Mamu-A*01. For all animals, sensitive real-time PCR assays detected the transient emergence of K70E RT mutants within 4 weeks of therapy, which were then replaced by K65R mutants within 12 weeks of therapy. For most animals, the occurrence of these mutations preceded a partial rebound of plasma viremia to levels that remained on average 10-fold below baseline values. One animal eventually suppressed K65R viremia to undetectable levels for more than 4 years; sequential experiments using CD8+ cell depletion and tenofovir interruption demonstrated that both CD8+ cells and continued tenofovir therapy were required for sustained suppression of viremia. Conclusion: This is the first evidence that tenofovir therapy can select directly for K70E viral mutants in vivo. The observations on the clinical implications of the K65R RT-SHIV mutants were consistent with those of SIVmac251, and suggest that for persons infected with K65R HIV-1 both immune-mediated and drug-dependent antiviral activities play a role in controlling viremia. These findings suggest also that even in the presence of K65R virus, continuation of tenofovir treatment as part of HAART may be beneficial, particularly when assisted by antiviral immune responses. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Comparat Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Gilead Sci, Foster City, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Van Rompay, KKA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kkvanrompay@ucdavis.edu; jlj6@cdc.gov; emib44@yahoo.com; Raman.Singh@mwumail.midwestern.edu; eyk1@cdc.gov; tbmatthews@ucdavis.edu; mlmarthas@ucdavis.edu; ncpedersen@ucdavis.edu; norbert.bischofberger@gilead.com; wmh2@cdc.gov; twnorth@ucdavis.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR13967, P51 RR000169, R24 RR016001, RR00169, RR16001]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI47070]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR047070] NR 95 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1742-4690 J9 RETROVIROLOGY JI Retrovirology PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 4 AR 25 DI 10.1186/1742-4690-4-25 PG 22 WC Virology SC Virology GA 161BJ UT WOS:000245989000001 PM 17417971 ER PT J AU Diehr, P Derleth, A Cai, LM Newman, AB AF Diehr, Paula Derleth, Ann Cai, Liming Newman, Anne B. TI The effect of different public health interventions on longevity, morbidity, and years of healthy life SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EXPECTANCY; IMPACT; ELIMINATION; POPULATION; MORTALITY; OBJECTIVES; PROMOTION; DISEASES; STATES AB Background: Choosing cost-effective strategies for improving the health of the public is difficult because the relative effects of different types of interventions are not well understood. The benefits of one-shot interventions may be different from the benefits of interventions that permanently change the probability of getting sick, recovering, or dying. Here, we compare the benefits of such types of public health interventions. Methods: We used multi-state life table methods to estimate the impact of five types of interventions on mortality, morbidity ( years of life in fair or poor health), and years of healthy life ( years in excellent, very good, or good health). Results: A one-shot intervention that makes all the sick persons healthy at baseline would increase life expectancy by 3 months and increase years of healthy life by 6 months, in a cohort beginning at age 65. An equivalent amount of improvement can be obtained from an intervention that either decreases the probability of getting sick each year by 12%, increases the probability of a sick person recovering by 16%, decreases the probability that a sick person dies by 15%, or decreases the probability that a healthy person dies by 14%. Interventions aimed at keeping persons healthy increased longevity and years of healthy life, while decreasing morbidity and medical expenditures. Interventions focused on preventing mortality had a greater effect on longevity, but had higher future morbidity and medical expenditures. Results differed for older and younger cohorts and depended on the value to society of an additional year of sick life. Conclusion: Interventions that promote health and prevent disease performed well, but other types of intervention were sometimes better. The value to society of interventions that increase longevity but also increase morbidity needs further research. More comprehensive screening and treatment of new Medicare enrollees might improve their health and longevity without increasing future medical expenditures. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Vet Adm Ctr Excellence Res Older Adult, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Diehr, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM pdiehr@u.washington.edu; Ann.Derleth@u.washington.edu; LPC4@CDC.GOV; anewman@pitt.edu RI Newman, Anne/C-6408-2013 OI Newman, Anne/0000-0002-0106-1150 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01 HC015103, N01-HC-85079, N01-HC-85086, N01 HC035129, N01HC85079, N01HC85086]; PHS HHS [R49/CCR316840] NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD APR 5 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 52 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-7-52 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 158XD UT WOS:000245827800002 PM 17411436 ER PT J AU Strickland, MJ Siffel, C Gardner, BR Berzen, AK Correa, A AF Strickland, Matthew J. Siffel, Csaba Gardner, Bennett R. Berzen, Alissa K. Correa, Adolfo TI Quantifying geocode location error using GIS methods SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; POSITIONAL ACCURACY; AIR-QUALITY; ASSOCIATIONS; PREVENTION; ADDRESSES; PROGRAM AB Background: The Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) collects maternal address information at the time of delivery for infants and fetuses with birth defects. These addresses have been geocoded by two independent agencies: (1) the Georgia Division of Public Health Office of Health Information and Policy (OHIP) and (2) a commercial vendor. Geographic information system (GIS) methods were used to quantify uncertainty in the two sets of geocodes using orthoimagery and tax parcel datasets. Methods: We sampled 599 infants and fetuses with birth defects delivered during 1994-2002 with maternal residence in either Fulton or Gwinnett County. Tax parcel datasets were obtained from the tax assessor's offices of Fulton and Gwinnett County. High-resolution orthoimagery for these counties was acquired from the U. S. Geological Survey. For each of the 599 addresses we attempted to locate the tax parcel corresponding to the maternal address. If the tax parcel was identified the distance and the angle between the geocode and the residence were calculated. We used simulated data to characterize the impact of geocode location error. In each county 5,000 geocodes were generated and assigned their corresponding Census 2000 tract. Each geocode was then displaced at a random angle by a random distance drawn from the distribution of observed geocode location errors. The census tract of the displaced geocode was determined. We repeated this process 5,000 times and report the percentage of geocodes that resolved into incorrect census tracts. Results: Median location error was less than 100 meters for both OHIP and commercial vendor geocodes; the distribution of angles appeared uniform. Median location error was approximately 35% larger in Gwinnett (a suburban county) relative to Fulton (a county with urban and suburban areas). Location error occasionally caused the simulated geocodes to be displaced into incorrect census tracts; the median percentage of geocodes resolving into incorrect census tracts ranged between 4.5% and 5.3%, depending upon the county and geocoding agency. Conclusion: Geocode location uncertainty can be estimated using tax parcel databases in a GIS. This approach is a viable alternative to global positioning system field validation of geocodes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. Comp Sci Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Strickland, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. EM MStrickland@cdc.gov; CSiffel@cdc.gov; BRGardner@cdc.gov; ABerzen@cdc.gov; ACorrea@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-UK JI Environ. Health PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 6 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-6-10 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180BB UT WOS:000247333700001 PM 17408484 ER PT J AU Stramer, SL Dodd, RY Leiby, DA Herron, RM Mascola, L Rosenberg, LJ Caglioti, S Lawaczeck, E Sunenshine, RH Kuehnert, MJ Montgomery, S Bern, C Moore, A Herwaldt, B Kun, H Verani, JR AF Stramer, S. L. Dodd, R. Y. Leiby, D. A. Herron, R. M. Mascola, L. Rosenberg, L. J. Caglioti, S. Lawaczeck, E. Sunenshine, R. H. Kuehnert, M. J. Montgomery, S. Bern, C. Moore, A. Herwaldt, B. Kun, H. Verani, J. R. TI Blood donor screening for Chagas disease - United States, 2006-2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 141-143, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION C1 Amer Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Amer Red Cross, Rockville, MD USA. Amer Red Cross, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif State Dept Hlth, Berkeley, CA USA. Blood Syst Labs, Tempe, AZ USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. CDC, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stramer, SL (reprint author), Amer Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 13 BP 1424 EP 1426 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 153AM UT WOS:000245404100008 ER PT J AU Bhat, M Denny, J MacDonald, K Hofmann, J Jain, S Lynch, M AF Bhat, M. Denny, J. MacDonald, K. Hofmann, J. Jain, S. Lynch, M. TI Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infection associated with drinking raw milk - Washington and Oregon, November-December 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 165-167, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES C1 Cty Publ Hlth, Vancouver, WA 98660 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. CDC, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycol Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bhat, M (reprint author), Cty Publ Hlth, Vancouver, WA 98660 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 13 BP 1426 EP 1428 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 153AM UT WOS:000245404100009 ER PT J AU Killip, K Kelley, C Howell, S Horton, DK Orr, M AF Killip, K. Kelley, C. Howell, S. Horton, D. K. Orr, M. TI Brief report: Hazardous materials release resulting from home production of biodiesel - Colorado, May 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1227-1228, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Natl Biodiesel Board, Jefferson City, MO USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Killip, K (reprint author), Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 13 BP 1428 EP 1428 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 153AM UT WOS:000245404100010 ER PT J AU Di Bari, M Suggs, PK Holmes, LP Farmer, DF Williams, SW Pahor, M Jackson, SA AF Di Bari, Mauro Suggs, Patricia K. Holmes, Latonia P. Farmer, Deborah F. Williams, Sharon W. Pahor, Marco Jackson, Sharon A. TI Research partnership with underserved African-American communities to improve the health of older persons with disability: a pilot qualitative study SO AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE community; ethnic minorities research partnership ID PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH; CLINICAL-RESEARCH; ELDERLY-PATIENTS; RECRUITMENT; TRIAL; ISSUES; INTERVENTION; STRATEGIES; RETENTION; PROJECT AB Background and aims: Underserved ethnic minorities are often under-represented in clinical investigations, often in the context of poor relationships between academic institutions and their minority communities. The aim of this study was to investigate an African-American community's perceptions about the barriers that hinder participation in research studies and, more broadly, on the status of institution/community relationships. Methods: We conducted a pilot qualitative study, based on semi-structured interviews of leaders of African-American communities in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Relevant themes were abstracted from the interviews by a standardized iterative process. Results: Interviewees identified barriers to participation of African-Americans in research, and suggested that existing barriers may be overcome with an innovative model of a community/institution relationship, which would include open communication and cooperation, mutually beneficial programs, holistic approaches to health and disease, participatory and balanced partnerships with communities, and the establishment of multiethnic advisory boards. Conclusions: This study suggests strategies that public health researchers should consider to establish effective institution/community relationships, in order to enhance participation of underserved ethnic minorities in research studies, and to improve the health status of their most disabled and demanding seniors. C1 Azienda Osped Univ Careggi, Dept Crit Care Med & Surg, Unit Gerontol & Geriatr, Florence, Italy. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Sticht Ctr Aging, Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Univ Florida, Sch Med, Coll Med Inst Aging, Dept Aging & Geriatr Res, Gainesville, FL USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Aging & Divers, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, Div Speech & Hearing Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Di Bari, M (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dept Crit Care Med & Surg, Unit Gerontol & Geriatr, Via Oblate 4, I-50141 Florence, Italy. EM dibari@unifi.it RI DI BARI, MAURO/J-1524-2012 FU NIA NIH HHS [5 P60 AG10484] NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILAN PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA 30, 20153 MILAN, ITALY SN 1594-0667 J9 AGING CLIN EXP RES JI Aging Clin. Exp. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 110 EP 118 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 163XH UT WOS:000246196000005 PM 17446721 ER PT J AU Caceres, CF Celentano, DD Coates, TJ Hartwell, TD Kasprzyk, D Kelly, JA Kozlov, AP Pequegnat, W Rotheram-Borus, MJ Solomon, S Woelk, G AF Caceres, Carlos F. Celentano, David D. Coates, Thomas J. Hartwell, Tyler D. Kasprzyk, Danuta Kelly, Jeffrey A. Kozlov, Andrei P. Pequegnat, Willo Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane Solomon, Suniti Woelk, Godfrey CA NIMH Collaborative HIV STD Prev TI The community popular opinion leader HIV prevention programme: conceptual basis and intervention procedures SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE behavioral intervention; developing nations; HIV; sexual behavior; sexually transmitted disease ID PEER EDUCATION; RISK REDUCTION; GAY MEN; BEHAVIOR; CITIES; LONDON AB Objective: To describe the community popular opinion leader (C-POL) intervention employed in the NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial, including its theoretical, conceptual, and empirical basis, intervention procedures and methods, core elements, and how its content was culturally tailored to address the needs of varied populations. Design: The programme is designed to identify, recruit, train, and intensively engage C-POLs of a target population to convey HIV risk reduction messages to people in their communities, with the intention of reducing high-risk behavior at a population level. Methods: Based on the diffusion of innovation theory, the intervention identified, trained, and engaged C-POL within a high-risk community population to advocate, recommend, and endorse the importance of safer behavior to other members of the same population. Nine core elements of the intervention are discussed. Data collected during rapid ethnography were used to adapt the content of the intervention for food market owners and workers in China, male patrons of wine shops and at-risk women congregating nearby in India, young people in social gathering venues in Peruvian barrios, dormitory students in Russia, and people congregating in commercial areas of growth points in Zimbabwe. Results: The C-POL intervention model taps into community strengths, altruism, and people's desire to do something to help fight against AIDS. With few exceptions, C-POLs participated enthusiastically in the training sessions and reported having conversations in the community. Conclusion: Rapid ethnography can be used to tailor an intervention to diverse settings while maintaining fidelity to the core elements of the intervention. (C) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Biomed Ctr, St Petersburg, Russia. NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Zimbabwe, Sch Med, Harare, Zimbabwe. Fujian Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fujian, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. SAHAI Trust, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr STD & Leprosy Control, Nanjing, Peoples R China. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Caceres, CF (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. RI Strader, Lisa/H-3083-2013; Kozlov, Andrei/H-2117-2016 OI Kozlov, Andrei/0000-0003-4611-1534 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 SU 2 BP S59 EP S68 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 164II UT WOS:000246226700007 ER PT J AU Caceres, CF Celentano, DD Coates, TJ Hartwell, TD Kasprzyk, D Kelly, JA Kozlov, AP Pequegnat, W Rotheram-Borus, MJ Solomon, S Woelk, G Wu, Z AF Caceres, Carlos F. Celentano, David D. Coates, Thomas J. Hartwell, Tyler D. Kasprzyk, Danuta Kelly, Jeffrey A. Kozlov, Andrei P. Pequegnat, Willo Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane Solomon, Suniti Woelk, Godfrey Wu, Zunyou CA NIMH Collaborative HIV STD Prev TI The feasibility of audio computer-assisted self-interviewing in international settings SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE developing nations; knowledge/attitude/practice studies; sexual behavior; survey methods ID FACE-TO-FACE; REPORTED DRUG-USE; RISK BEHAVIORS; METHODOLOGICAL EXPERIMENT; DATA-COLLECTION; QUESTIONNAIRES; COMPARABILITY; ADOLESCENTS; RELIABILITY; SAMPLE AB Objective: To determine the feasibility interviewing (ACASI) for data collection responses to questions eliciting sensitive ACASI versus computer-assisted persona countries. of using audio computer-assisted self-in developing countries, and to compare information about sexual behavior using I interviewing (CAPI) in five developing Design: A feasibility study determined whether ACASI could be used in populations in developing countries. A follow-up, randomized crossover study compared responses to questions eliciting sensitive information about sexual behavior using ACASI versus CAP[. Methods: The NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial conducted a feasibility study of ACASI in convenience samples in China, India, Peru, and Russia, then a randomized crossover ACASI versus CAN study among volunteers in these countries plus Zimbabwe. Results: Approximately equal numbers of men and women completed the feasibility study; the results suggested a high comfort level among participants. Married respondents in China and India appeared to give unreliable responses on sexual activity. In the crossover study, the pattern of responses to sensitive questions showed few differences. In China, higher rates of sexual risk were reported on CAPI. In Peru and Russia, differences by mode were found in the number of partners in the past year. Conclusion: Despite variable computer experience and literacy, feasibility study participants reported ease in completing ACASI, and preferred a computer to an interviewer for answering sensitive questions, or had no preference. In the crossover study, most participants gave similar responses on both modes of survey administration. ACASI appears to be feasible in these settings, although low literacy may pose problems if participants cannot clarify questions. (C) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Biomed Ctr, St Petersburg, Russia. NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Zimbabwe, Sch Med, Harare, Zimbabwe. Fujian Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fujian, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. SAHAI Trust, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr STD & Leprosy Control, Nanjing, Peoples R China. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Caceres, CF (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. RI Strader, Lisa/H-3083-2013; Kozlov, Andrei/H-2117-2016 OI Kozlov, Andrei/0000-0003-4611-1534 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 SU 2 BP S49 EP S58 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 164II UT WOS:000246226700006 ER PT J AU Caceres, CF AF Caceres, Carlos F. TI Design and integration of ethnography within an international behavior change HIV/sexually transmitted disease prevention trial - NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial Group SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE behavioral interventions; culture; developing nations; ethnography; qualitative data ID OPINION LEADERS; RISK BEHAVIOR; COMMUNITY; INTERVENTION; AIDS; ISSUES AB Objective: To use a common ethnographic study protocol across five countries to provide data to confirm social and risk settings and risk behaviors, develop the assessment instruments, tailor the intervention, design a process evaluation of the intervention, and design an understandable informed consent process. Design: Methods determined best for capturing the core data elements were selected. Standards for data collection methods were established to enable comparable implementation of the ethnographic study across the five countries. Methods: The methods selected were participant observation, focus groups, open-ended interviews, and social mapping. Standards included adhering to core data elements, number of participants, mode of data collection, type of data collection instrument, number of data collectors at each type of activity, duration of each type of activity, and type of informed consent administered. Sites had discretion in selecting which methods to use to obtain specific data. Results: The ethnographic studies provided input to the Trial's methods for data collection, described social groups in the target communities, depicted sexual practices, and determined core opinion leader characteristics; thus providing information that drove the adaptation of the intervention and facilitated the selection of venues, behavioral outcomes, and community popular opinion leaders (C-POLs). Conclusion: The described rapid ethnographic approach worked well across the five countries, where findings allowed local adaptation of the intervention. When introducing the C-POL intervention in new areas, local non-governmental and governmental community and health workers can use this rapid ethnographic approach to identify the communities, social groups, messages, and C-POLs best suited for local implementation. (C) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Ctr Biomed, St Petersburg, Russia. NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Zimbabwe, Sch Med, Harare, Zimbabwe. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Fujian Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fujian, Peoples R China. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. SAHAI Trust, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr STD & Leprosy Control, Nanjing, Peoples R China. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Caceres, CF (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 SU 2 BP S37 EP S48 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 164II UT WOS:000246226700005 ER PT J AU Caceres, CF AF Caceres, Carlos F. TI Challenges and processes of selecting outcome measures for the NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial - NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial Group SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; behavioral endpoints; behavioral intervention; biological endpoints; community popular opinion leader; developing nations; HIV; outcome measures; risk behavior ID COMMUNITY INTERVENTION TRIAL; INCOME HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS; SMOKING CESSATION COMMIT; HIV-PREVENTION; DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS; OPINION LEADERS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; EASTERN CHINA; RISK BEHAVIOR; CONDOM USE AB Objective: To review the challenges of designing behavioral and biological outcome measures for the multinational NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial and provide the rationale for selecting these measures. Design: Although many different evidence-based prevention programmes have been developed, few have been evaluated in different countries, cultures, and populations. One issue in evaluating the generalized efficacy of any prevention approach is to identify a set of common outcome measures useful across diverse settings and peoples. The Trial is designed to evaluate whether the community popular opinion leader intervention can be adapted cross-nationally and cross-culturally for different populations and still retain its efficacy. Methods: Literature reviews, investigator experience, ethnographic study, pilot studies, and epidemiological studies were used to select the endpoints for the Trial. Results and conclusion: Both biological and behavioral data will be obtained at baseline and 12 and 24 months post-baseline. Communities that receive the intervention will be compared with matched control communities on two primary outcomes: (i) a change in self-reported unprotected sexual acts with non-spousal, non-live-in partners; and (ii) the incidence of sexually transmitted disease (STD), defined as a composite index of viral and bacterial STD. (C) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Ctr Biomed, St Petersburg, Russia. NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Zimbabwe, Sch Med, Harare, Zimbabwe. Fujian Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fujian, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Natl Ctr STD & Leprosy Control, Nanjing, Peoples R China. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. SAHAI Trust, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Caceres, CF (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 SU 2 BP S29 EP S36 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 164II UT WOS:000246226700004 ER PT J AU Caceres, CF AF Caceres, Carlos F. TI Selection of populations represented in the NIMH collaborative HIV/STD prevention trial - NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial Group SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE behavioral interventions; developing nations; epidemiological methods; epidemiology; intervention studies; risk factors; sexual behavior ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV TRANSMISSION; SEX WORKERS; CHINA; PETERSBURG; EPIDEMIC; SYPHILIS; RUSSIA; TRENDS; INDIA AB Objective: To identify venues with vulnerable populations suitable for testing the community popular opinion leader intervention in each of the five countries (China, India, Peru, Russia, and Zimbabwe) participating in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial. Design: HIV epidemiology and vulnerable populations differ considerably across the countries. Therefore, different community populations were targeted in the five countries. Methods: Venues and populations were chosen on the basis of specific selection criteria (investigated during the Trial's ethnographic research phase): the willingness of stakeholders and gatekeepers of the venues to cooperate; geographical boundaries defining each venue; population stability within venues; the independence of venues and non-overlap of population members across multiple venues; population size within each venue; social interaction opportunities; and either a high level of sexual risk behavior or a high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or HIV. Results: Venues and populations selected were food market stall owners and workers in China, male patrons of wine shops and at-risk women congregating near the shops in India, young men and women in social gathering points in neighborhoods in Peru, trade and vocational school dormitory residents in Russia, and people congregating in growth points in Zimbabwe. Conclusion: Although the target populations differed across countries, they shared in common high behavioral or biological risk at baseline and suitability for a randomized trial of a community-level HIV/STD prevention behavioral intervention. (C) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Ctr Biomed, St Petersburg, Russia. NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Zimbabwe, Sch Med, Harare, Zimbabwe. Fujian Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fujian, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Natl Ctr STD & Leprosy Control, Nanjing, Peoples R China. SAHAI Trust, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Caceres, CF (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 SU 2 BP S19 EP S28 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 164II UT WOS:000246226700003 ER PT J AU Caceres, CF AF Caceres, Carlos F. TI Methodological overview of a five-country community-level HIV/sexually transmitted disease prevention trial - NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial Group SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; behavioral intervention; clinical trial; HIV; international settings; sexually transmitted diseases ID OPINION LEADERS; RISK BEHAVIOR; INTERVENTION; REDUCTION; CITIES; MODELS AB Objective: To provide an overview of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial taking place in five populations at risk of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases in China, India, Peru, Russia, and Zimbabwe, including the rationale, study management, methods, and proposed data analyses. Design: The Trial will scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of the community popular opinion leader (C-POL) community-level HIV prevention intervention that was adapted for use in the various cultures within the resource limitations faced by service providers in world regions threatened by high rates of HIV infection. Methods: The study phases consist of an ethnographic study, pilot studies, an epidemiological study, and a community-randomized trial. The Trial uses the C-POL intervention, which researchers selected on the basis of research that shows the intervention's success in populations vulnerable to HIV risk behavior in the United States, and has the potential to be applied in a variety of international settings. Results: Trial results will be tabulated by and across country by randomization assignment. Results will include a careful review of data to substantiate original assumptions used in the study design. Data collection will not conclude until August 2007. Conclusion: Although data collection is incomplete, researchers have learned lessons throughout the development of the study. These include the importance of preliminary epidemiological studies; the close monitoring of biological testing, follow-up rates and process measures at international sites; the tailoring of assessments and interventions to various cultures; regular communication; and a review of the timeline to accommodate Institutional Review Board clearances. (C) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Biomed Ctr, St Petersburg, Russia. NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Zimbabwe, Sch Med, Harare, Zimbabwe. Fujian Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fujian, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. SAHAI Trust, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr STD & Leprosy Control, Nanjing, Peoples R China. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Caceres, CF (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 SU 2 BP S3 EP S18 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 164II UT WOS:000246226700002 ER PT J AU Switzer, WM Jia, HM Qari, SH Wolfe, ND Burke, DS Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Switzer, William M. Jia, Hongwei M. Qari, Shoukat H. Wolfe, Nathan D. Burke, Donald S. Folks, Thomas M. Heneine, Walid TI Complete genome analysis of the novel human t-lymphotropic virus type 4 reveals an ancient ancestor and unique molecular features SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International Conference on Human Retrovirology - HTLV and Related Viruses CY MAY 21-25, 2007 CL Hakone, JAPAN C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM bis3@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 591 EP 592 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 160AN UT WOS:000245909300044 ER PT J AU Sintasath, DM Wolfe, ND LeBreton, MD Folks, TM Mpoudi-Ngole, E Burke, DS Heneine, W Switzer, WM AF Sintasath, David M. Wolfe, Nathan D. LeBreton, Matthew D. Folks, Thomas M. Mpoudi-Ngole, Eitel Burke, Donald S. Heneine, Walid Switzer, William M. TI Identification of a novel simian t-lymphotropic virus (STLV) lineage in two monkey species from cameroon: High STLV diversity at the hunter-primate interface SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International Conference on Human Retrovirology - HTLV and Related Viruses CY MAY 21-25, 2007 CL Hakone, JAPAN C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Army Hlth Res Ctr, Yaounde, Cameroon. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 636 EP 637 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 160AN UT WOS:000245909300174 ER PT J AU Umeki, K Hisada, M Cranston, B Maloney, E Hanchard, B Okayama, A AF Umeki, Kazumi Hisada, Michie Cranston, Beverley Maloney, Elizabeth Hanchard, Barrie Okayama, Akihiko TI Analysis of clonal expansion of HTLV-1-infected cells in the children in Jamaica SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International Conference on Human Retrovirology - HTLV and Related Viruses CY MAY 21-25, 2007 CL Hakone, JAPAN C1 Miyazaki Univ, Dept Rheumatol, Infect Dis & Lab Med, Miyazaki, Japan. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. Univ W Indies, Dept Pathol, Mona, Jamaica. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 645 EP 645 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 160AN UT WOS:000245909300198 ER PT J AU Soriano, V Heneine, W Vandamme, A Franchini, G AF Soriano, Vincent Heneine, Walid Vandamme, Annemieke Franchini, Genoveffa TI Foreword SO AIDS REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Hosp Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rega Inst, Louvain, Belgium. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Soriano, V (reprint author), Hosp Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. RI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/I-4127-2012; santos, sofia/I-1637-2012 OI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/0000-0002-6594-2766; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERMANYER PUBLICATIONS PI BARCELONA PA MALLORCA, 310, BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 1139-6121 J9 AIDS REV JI Aids Rev. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 193PK UT WOS:000248286300001 ER PT J AU Morais, EO Resende, MR Oliveira, AM Sinkoc, VM Garcia, MT Angerami, RN Da Silva, LJ AF Morais, E. O. Resende, M. R. Oliveira, A. M. Sinkoc, V. M. Garcia, M. T. Angerami, R. N. Da Silva, L. J. TI Intradermal hepatitis B vaccination in patients with advanced chronic renal failure: immunogenicity and follow-up SO ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; INTRAMUSCULAR VACCINATION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; GM-CSF; ADJUVANT; NONRESPONDERS; METAANALYSIS; DISEASE AB Background: Patients undergoing dialysis usually have a poor response to conventional hepatitis B vaccination. Aim: To observe the effects of intradermal hepatitis B (HB) vaccination in a 13-month prospective study of adult patients with end-stage renal failure. The patients were with or without previous hepatitis B vaccination, but all had antibody titres < 10 mUI/mL. Methods: Patients were allotted to two groups: previous hepatitis B virus vaccination and no previous hepatitis B virus vaccination or anti-HBs titres < 10 mUI/mL. Patients in both groups received 16 i.d. injections of 0.1 mL of hepatitis B virus vaccine over an eight-week period. Patients had antibody titres assessed before vaccination, 1 month after and every 3 months for a year. Antibody titres >= 10 mUI/mL were considered protective. Results: Seventy patients completed the protocol. Protective titres were elicited in 82% of each group. Age, time under dialysis, diabetes, smoking and body-mass index were not associated with seroconversion. Persistent protective titres > 12 months occurred in 27 (58.7%). Adverse events were trivial. Conclusion: Intradermal hepatitis B virus vaccination is an alternative in end-stage renal failure. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Disciplina Infectol, Dept Clin Med, Fac Ciencias Med, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Ctr Referencia Imunobiol Especiais, Hosp Clin, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM ljsilva@unicamp.br OI Resende, Mariangela/0000-0001-7923-0076 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-2813 J9 ALIMENT PHARM THERAP JI Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 7 BP 849 EP 855 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03262.x PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 147AT UT WOS:000244976500012 PM 17373924 ER PT J AU Albert, MS Brown, DR Buchner, D Laditka, J Launer, LJ Scherr, P Thies, W Wagster, MV AF Albert, Marilyn S. Brown, David R. Buchner, David Laditka, James Launer, Lenore J. Scherr, Paul Thies, William Wagster, Molly V. TI The healthy brain and our aging population: Translating science to public health practice - Foreword SO ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIA, Natl Inst Hlth, US Dept HHS, Bethesda, MD USA. Alzhiemers Assoc, Chicago, IL USA. RP Laditka, J (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM jladitka@gwm.sc.edu NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1552-5260 J9 ALZHEIMERS DEMENT JI Alzheimers. Dement. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 SU 1 BP S3 EP S5 DI 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.01.016 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 214SD UT WOS:000249757500002 PM 19595971 ER PT J AU Anderson, LA McConnell, SR AF Anderson, Lynda A. McConnell, Stephen R. TI Cognitive health: An emerging public health issue SO ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Research Meeting on the Healthy Brain and Our Aging Population CY MAY 01-02, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Contro & Prevent, Alzheimers Assoc ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DEMENTIA; POPULATION C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Alzheimers Assoc, Washington Public Policy Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Anderson, LA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM laa0@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1552-5260 J9 ALZHEIMERS DEMENT JI Alzheimers. Dement. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 SU 1 BP S70 EP S73 DI 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.01.018 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 214SD UT WOS:000249757500012 PM 19595979 ER PT J AU Anderson, LA McConnell, SR AF Anderson, Lynda A. McConnell, Stephen R. TI The healthy brain and our aging population: Translating science to public health practice - Introduction SO ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Steering Comm Healthy Brain Initiat, Healthy Aging Program ,Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Washington Public Policy Off, Alzheimers Assoc, Washington, DC USA. RP Anderson, LA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Steering Comm Healthy Brain Initiat, Healthy Aging Program ,Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM laa0@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1552-5260 J9 ALZHEIMERS DEMENT JI Alzheimers. Dement. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 SU 1 BP S1 EP S2 DI 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.01.017 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 214SD UT WOS:000249757500001 PM 19595968 ER PT J AU Labarthe, DR AF Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Can we save the brain? A public health question SO ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Research Meeting on the Healthy Brain and Our Aging Population CY MAY 01-02, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Contro & Prevent, Alzheimers Assoc DE public health; dementia; heart disease; stroke ID HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTORS; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; CORONARY AB The environmental, behavioral, and lifestyle factors that contribute to increases in the risk for cognitive decline and dementia are also factors known to be associated with increases in the risk for heart disease and stroke. The analogies between these chronic diseases go deeper. For example, public health programs designed to reduce the risks for heart disease and stroke, as well as their associated disability and mortality, can serve as valuable models for development of public health programs addressing brain health. We can save the brain by using public health approaches, but the effort will require new approaches and strong collaborative efforts across a diverse array of individuals and organizations. (C) 2007 The Alzheimer's Association. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Labarthe, DR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM di13@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1552-5260 J9 ALZHEIMERS DEMENT JI Alzheimers. Dement. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 SU 1 BP S65 EP S69 DI 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.01.014 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 214SD UT WOS:000249757500011 PM 19595978 ER PT J AU Ory, MG Mier, N Sharkey, JR Anderson, LA AF Ory, Marcia G. Mier, Nelda Sharkey, Joseph R. Anderson, Lynda A. TI Translating science into public health practice: Lessons from physical activity interventions SO ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Research Meeting on the Healthy Brain and Our Aging Population CY MAY 01-02, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Contro & Prevent, Alzheimers Assoc ID DISEASE; PREVENTION C1 Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ory, MG (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mory@srph.tamhsc.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1552-5260 J9 ALZHEIMERS DEMENT JI Alzheimers. Dement. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 SU 1 BP S52 EP S57 DI 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.01.004 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 214SD UT WOS:000249757500009 PM 19595975 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Packard, MM Nolte, KB Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Tondella, ML McGee, L Zaki, SR AF Guarner, Jeannette Packard, Michelle M. Nolte, Kurt B. Paddock, Christopher D. Shieh, Wun-Ju Tondella, Maria L. McGee, Lesley Zaki, Sherif R. TI Usefulness of immunohistochemical diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens compared with culture and gram stain techniques SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; pathology; immunohistochemistry; polymerase chain reaction; diagnosis ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGEN TEST; PCR ASSAY; INFECTIONS; SAMPLES; PATHOGENESIS; ADULTS AB Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent cause of pneumonia and meningitis. Because S pneumoniae can colonize the upper respiratory tract and antibiotic treatment may inhibit growth, culture-based diagnosis can be problematic. An immunohistochemical assay using a polyclonal antibody against pneumococci was used to test formalin-flxed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 46 patients for whom bacterial culture results were available. Samples from 26 patients demonstrated pneumococcal antigens in areas of pneumonia, meningitis, or osteomyelitis or within circulating inflammatory cells. Various specimens from 18 patients grew S pneumoniae, whereas 8 had cultures that grew mixed bacteria or had no growth but were polymerase chain reaction-positive for the S pneumoniae ltyA gene. Pneumococcal antigens were not present in 20 cases (7 grew Streptococcus pyogenes; 9, Staphylococcus aureus; and 4, Haemophilus influenzae). Compared with culture, the immunohistochemical assay showed 100% sensitivity and 71% specificity. Immunohistochemical analysis has the diagnostic advantage of correlating host inflammatory reaction with presence of pneumococci. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ New Mexico, Off Med Investigator, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Mailstop G32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 127 IS 4 BP 612 EP 618 DI 10.1309/J3LD0RBP788W1TM8 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 150VQ UT WOS:000245248100015 PM 17369138 ER PT J AU Coker, AL Flerx, VC Smith, PH Whitaker, DJ Fadden, MK Williams, M AF Coker, Ann L. Flerx, Vicki C. Smith, Paige H. Whitaker, Daniel J. Fadden, Mary Kay Williams, Melinda TI Intimate partner violence incidence and continuation in a primary care screening program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crisis intervention; domestic violence; mass screening; women ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; PREVALENCE; ABUSE; FREQUENCY; FAMILY; WOMEN AB There are few longitudinal estimates of intimate partner violence (IPV) incidence and continuation. This report provides estimates of IPV incidence and continuation in women receiving health care in clinics participating in an IPV assessment and services intervention study. The Women's Experience with Battering Scale was used in combination with questions addressing physical and sexual assault to annually screen women for IPV. Between April 2002 and August 2005, 657 women in rural South Carolina consented and were screened at least twice. Among those with a current partner (n = 530), the majority (86.2%) had never experienced IPV. Among prevalent victims, IPV continued over time for 37%. IPV continuation rates were higher among older women and those who considered abuse as a problem in their relationship. Of those women who were IPV negative at time 1, IPV incidence at time 2 was 4.2%. A higher score on the Women's Experience with Battering Scale at time 1, a marker of psychological abuse, was a strong predictor of physical IPV incidence (p(trend) = 0.0001). These data suggest that the incidence of IPV over a short follow-up period is relatively low and that the majority of IPV desists over this short follow-up period. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77225 USA. Univ So Calif, Inst Families Soc, Columbia, SC USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Womens Hlth & Wellness, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violent Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Houston Sch Publ Hlth, Brownsville, TX USA. RP Coker, AL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Sci Ctr, 1200 Herman Pressler Dr,Room E-643,POB 20186, Houston, TX 77225 USA. EM ann.l.coker@uth.tmc.edu RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 7 BP 821 EP 827 DI 10.1093/aje/kwk074 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 146UG UT WOS:000244959600012 PM 17255117 ER PT J AU Moran, A Roux, AVD Jackson, SA Kramer, H Manolio, TA Shrager, S Shea, S AF Moran, Andrew Roux, Ana V. Diez Jackson, Sharon A. Kramer, Holly Manolio, Teri A. Shrager, Sandi Shea, Steven TI Acculturation is associated with hypertension in a multiethnic sample SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE hypertension; acculturation; ethnicity; Chinese; hispanic; African-American ID MEXICAN-AMERICAN ADULTS; HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; NHANES-III; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; IMMIGRANTS; BEHAVIORS; MIGRATION AB Background: Hypertension varies in prevalence among race/ethnic groups in the United States. Within-ethnic group differences associated with acculturation have been less frequently examined. We studied the association of three measures of acculturation (language spoken at home, place of birth, and years living in the US) with hypertension in a population sample of 2619 white, 1898 African American, 1,494 Hispanic, and 803 Chinese participants in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Methods: Multivariate Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between the acculturation variables and hypertension. Results: Birthplace outside the US and speaking a non-English language at home were each associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension after adjustment for age, gender, and socioeconomic status (prevalence ratio [95% confidence intervals] 0.82 (0.77-0.87) for non-US born versus US born and 0.80 (0.74-0.85) for those not speaking English at home versus speakers of English at home, both P<.001). For participants born outside of the US, each 10-year increment of years in the US was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension after adjustment for age, gender, and socioeconomic status (P for trend <.01). The associations between acculturation variables and hypertension were weakened after adjustment for race/ethnic category and risk factors for hypertension. Compared to US-born Hispanics, those born in Mexico or South America had lower prevalence of hypertension, but those born in the Caribbean and Central America had higher prevalence of hypertension. Conclusions: Acculturation and place of birth are associated with hypertension in a multiethnic sample. C1 Univ Michigan, Ctr Social Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Francisco VA Med Ctr, Gen Internal Med Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Maguire Ctr, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Washington, Collaborat Hlth Studies Coordinating Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Joseph Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. RP Roux, AVD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Social Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1214 S Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM adiezrou@umich.edu OI Kramer, Holly/0000-0002-6374-837X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95166, N01 HC095161, N01-HC-95165] NR 29 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0895-7061 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD APR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 4 BP 354 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.09.025 PG 10 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 156YQ UT WOS:000245686200003 PM 17386340 ER PT J AU Antao, VCS Piacitelli, CA Miller, WE Pinheiro, GA Kreiss, K AF Antao, Vinicius C. S. Piacitelli, Chris A. Miller, William E. Pinheiro, Germania A. Kreiss, Kathleen TI Rayon flock: A new cause of respiratory morbidity in a card processing plant SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE occupational diseases; interstitial lung diseases; cross-sectional studies; viscose fiber; flock workers' lung ID INTERSTITIAL LUNG-DISEASE; WORKERS LUNG; POPULATION; SYMPTOMS; VALUES; SAMPLE AB Background Following employee respiratory concerns, we investigated the health effects of rayon flock exposure at a card manufacturing plant. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey including environmental evaluation, standardized questionnaires, spirometry, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity testing, and methacholine challenge testing. Results From a total of 239 participants, 146 (61%) reported working at least 1 hr per week in areas where flock-coated cards are processed ("flock workers") and 47 (20%) reported cleaning equipment with compressed air. These workers had generally higher prevalences of respiratory symptoms. Flock workers and employees with longer tenure at areas where flock-coated cards are processed were more likely to have restrictive impairment of lung function. Although dust and fiber samples were largely below the detection limits, peak exposures to airborne particulate occurred during cleaning with compressed air. Conclusions Working with rayon flock and cleaning with. compressed air were associated with health effects in workers at this plant. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Antao, VCS (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd MS G900-2, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM vinicius.antao@yahoo.com RI Antao, Vinicius/B-5395-2013 OI Antao, Vinicius/0000-0002-8201-9973 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 4 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.1002/ajim.20440 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 154IW UT WOS:000245501400004 PM 17370318 ER PT J AU Yong, LC Schulte, PA Kao, CY Giese, RW Boeniger, MF Strauss, GHS Petersen, MR Wiencke, JK AF Yong, Lee C. Schulte, Paul A. Kao, Chi-Yu Giese, Roger W. Boeniger, Mark F. Strauss, Gary H. S. Petersen, Martin R. Wiencke, John K. TI DNA adducts in granulocytes of hospital workers exposed to ethylene oxide SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ethylene oxide; DNA adducts; granulocytes; hospital workers; occupational exposure; N7-(2 '-hydroxyethyl)guanine; gas chromatography-electron capture-mass spectrometry ID WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RISK ASSESSMENT; FOLLOW-UP; IN-VIVO; SMOKERS; LYMPHOCYTES; ETHENE; CANCER AB Background Ethylene oxide (EtO), an important industrial chemical intermediate and sterilant, is classified as a human carcinogen. Occupational EtO exposure in many countries is regulated at 1 ppm (8-hr TWA), but levels of EtO-DNA adducts in humans with low occupational EtO exposures have not been reported. Methods We examined the formation of N7-(2'-hydroxyethyl)guanine (N7-HEG), a major DNA adduct of EtO, in 58 EtO-exposed sterilizer operators and six nonexposed workers from ten hospitals. N7-HEG wets quantified in granulocyte DNA (0.1-11.5 mu g) by a highly sensitive and specific gas chromatography-electron capture-mass spectrometry method. Cumulative exposure to EtO (ppm-hour) was estimated during the 4-month period before the collection of blood samples. Results There was considerable inter-individual variability in the levels of N7-HEG with a range of 1.6-241.3 adducts/10(7) nucleotides. The mean levels in the nonexposed, low (<= 32 ppm-hour), and high (> 32 ppm-hour) EtO-exposure groups were 3.8, 16.3, and 20.3 adducts/10(7) nucleotides, respectively, after the adjustment for cigarette smoking and other potential confounders, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions This study has demonstrated for the first tune, detectable levels of N7-HEG adducts in granulocytes of hospital workers with EtO exposures at levels less than the current U.S. standard of 1 ppm. (8-hr TWA). A nonsignificant increase in adduct levels with increasing EtO exposure indicates that further studies of EtO-exposed workers are needed to clarify the relationship between EtO exposure and N7-HEG adduct formation. C1 NIOSH, Ind Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northeastern Univ, Barnett Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Pb2Au Biomed Technol Assessment & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Neuro & Mol Epidemiol Lab, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Yong, LC (reprint author), NIOSH, Ind Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, CDC, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM lay7@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 4 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1002/ajim.20443 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 154IW UT WOS:000245501400006 PM 17354254 ER PT J AU Stone, PW Horan, TC Shih, HC Mooney-Kane, C Larson, E AF Stone, Patricia W. Horan, Teresa C. Shih, Huai-Che Mooney-Kane, Cathy Larson, Elaine TI Comparisons of health care-associated infections identification using two mechanisms for public reporting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; PATIENT SAFETY AB Background: Many states have or are in process of legislating hospitals to report health care-associated infections (HAI). The purpose of this article is to compare two methods currently in use by different states: 1) selected infections due to medical care Patient Safety Indicator (PSI-7) and 2) Centers for Disease and Prevention Control (CDC) protocols for central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLA-BSI). Methods: Data came from a multihospital study. Site coordinators provided lists of elderly Medicare patients admitted in an enrolled intensive care unit in 2002 cross referenced with patient specific data on CLA-BSI following CDC protocols. PSI-7 was identified using Medicare data and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality PSI software version 2.1. Results: The full sample comprised records from 14,637 patients from 41 intensive care units in 24 hospitals. Patients were excluded if they did not meet the PSI-7 denominator criteria. In a sample of 9,948 patients, both methods identified infections in 89 (0.89%) patients. The methods had little concordance with only 8 patients identified using both methods. Conclusions: Inconsistencies that we identified in this study are concerning given the fact that reports of HAI generated by different methods vary widely. Mandatory reporting mechanisms should be standardized and their accuracy confirmed. C1 Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY USA. RP Stone, PW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, 617 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM ps2024@columbia.edu NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.11.001 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 163CW UT WOS:000246137300003 PM 17433936 ER PT J AU Burrows, NR Li, Y Geiss, L Williams, D AF Burrows, Nilka Rios Li, Yanfeng Geiss, Linda Williams, Desmond TI Trends in the proportion of transplantation among prevalent cases of diabetes-related end-stage renal disease, by race, United States, 1995-2004. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Spring Clinical Meeting of the National-Kidney-Foundation CY APR 10-14, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Natl Kidney Fdn C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 4 MA 33 BP A33 EP A33 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 155QN UT WOS:000245593100045 ER PT J AU Kallen, A Jhung, M Hess, T Cheng, S Turabelidze, G Saab, G Abramova, L Arduino, M Patel, P AF Kallen, Alexander Jhung, Michael Hess, Theresa Cheng, Steven Turabelidze, George Saab, Georges Abramova, Liana Arduino, Matthew Patel, Priti TI Investigation of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and association with gadolinium-containing mri contrast SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Spring Clinical Meeting of the National-Kidney-Foundation CY APR 10-14, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Natl Kidney Fdn C1 CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, St Louis, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 4 MA 112 BP A52 EP A52 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 155QN UT WOS:000245593100124 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, B Kong, Y Shefer, A Zhou, FJ Shih, S AF Bardenheier, Barbara Kong, Yuan Shefer, Abigail Zhou, Fangjun Shih, Sarah TI Managed care organizations' performance in delivery of childhood immunizations (HEDIS, 1999-2002) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION COVERAGE; CHILDREN PROGRAM; VACCINES; QUALITY AB Objectives: To examine recent trends in childhood immunizations recommended by the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices measured by the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) and to describe the factors associated with higher rates over time. Design: The HEDIS performance measures from 1999 to 2002 and plan characteristics include approximately 400 enrollees per plan each year. Methods: Longitudinal regression analysis of commercial managed care organizations' HEDIS measures. The outcome measure was the proportion of children aged 24 to 35 months in the plan who received 4 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, 3 doses of polio vaccine, 1 dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, and 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Results:The mean immunization rate for health insurance plans increased from 65.7% in 1999 to 67.9% to 2002. Plans that reported publicly had higher childhood immunization rates than plans that did not report publicly (P <.001). Plans with higher proportions of Hispanics or African Americans had lower childhood immunization rates (P <.001). Immunization rates varied significantly by type of visit; plans with higher proportions of children making visits to their primary care physician had higher rates of immunization (P <.001). Conclusions: Managed care organizations' performance measured by childhood immunization rates varies by organizational and demographic factors. Our findings suggest that plans should ensure efficient and accurate data collection systems and should encourage their providers to assess for immunizations at sick-child and well-child care visits. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Comm Qual Assurance, Washington, DC USA. RP Bardenheier, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bfb7@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 193 EP 200 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 156ZH UT WOS:000245687900004 PM 17408339 ER PT J AU Mastroiacovo, P Lisi, A Castilla, EE Martinez-Frias, ML Bermejo, E Marengo, L Siffel, C Halliday, J Gatt, M Anneren, G Bianchi, F Canessa, MA Danderfer, R de Walle, H Harris, J Li, Z Lowry, RB McDonell, R Merlob, P Metneki, J Mutchinick, O Robert-Gnansia, E Scarano, G Sipek, A Potzsch, S Szabova, E Yevtushok, L AF Mastroiacovo, Pierpaolo Lisi, Alessandra Castilla, Eduardo E. Martinez-Frias, Maria-Luisa Bermejo, Eva Marengo, Lisa Siffel, Csaba Halliday, Jane Gatt, Miriam Anneren, Goran Bianchi, Fabrizio Canessa, M. Aurora Danderfer, Ron de Walle, Hermien Harris, John Li, Zhu Lowry, R. Brian McDonell, Robert Merlob, Paul Metneki, Julia Mutchinick, Osvaldo Robert-Gnansia, Elisabeth Scarano, Gioacchino Sipek, Antonin Potzsch, Simone Szabova, Elena Yevtushok, Lyubov TI Gastroschisis and associated defects: An international study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE gastroschisis; multiple congenital anomalies ID ABDOMINAL-WALL DEFECTS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS; CONGENITAL DEFECTS; RISK-FACTORS; OMPHALOCELE; COMPLEX; ENGLAND; PATHOGENESIS; PERICARDIUM; POPULATION AB Our objective was to evaluate the frequency and type of malformations associated with gastroschisis in Large 11001 of international data, to identify malformation patterns, and to evaluate the role of maternal age in non-isolated cases. Case-by-case information from 24 registries, all members of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR), WERE evaluated. After the exclusion of other abdominal wall defects cases were classified as: (a) isolated: (h) recognizable syndrome, chromosomal or not; (c) multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). Our results showed that out of 3,322 total cases 469 non-isolated cases were registered (14.1%): 41 chromosomal syndromes. 24 other syndromes, and 404 MCA. Among MCA four groups of anomalies were most frequent: CNS (4.5%), cardiovascular (2.5%), limb (2.2%), and kidney anomalies (1.9%). No similar patterns emerged except two patterns resembling limb-body wall complex and OEIS. In both of them the gastroschisis could he however misclassified. Chromosomal trisomies and possibly non-syndromic MCA are associated, with,in older Maternal age more than isolated cases. On consideration of our Data and the most valid studies published in the literature, the best estimate of the proportion of gastroschisis associated with major unrelated defects is about 10%, with a few cases associated to recognizable syndromes. Recognized syndromes with gastroschisis seem to be so exceptional that the well documented and validated cases are worth being published as interesting case report. An appropriate case definition in etiological studies should include only isolated gastroschisis after an appropriate definition of isolated and non-isolted cases and a thorough case-by-case review. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Int Clearinghouse Birth Defects Surveillance, Rome, Italy. Fiocruz MS, ECLAMC, Dept Genet, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst Salud Carlos III, ECEMC, CIAC, Madrid, Spain. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Med, Dept Pharmacol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Birth Defects Register, Perinatal Data Collect Unit, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Malta Congenital Anomalies Registry, Dept Hlth Informat, Guardamangia, Malta. Uppsala Univ, Childrens Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Uppsala, Sweden. CNR, Ist Fisiol Clin, Sez Epidemiol & Biostat, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Hlth Status Registry, BC Vital Stat Agcy, Victoria, BC, Canada. Univ Groningen, Med Ctr, EUROCAT No Netherlands, Dept Genet, Groningen, Netherlands. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Oakland, CA USA. Beijing Med Univ, China Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Alberta Children Hosp, Dept Med Genet, Calgary, AB, Canada. Dr Stevens Hosp, Dept Publ Hlth, Eastern Reg Hlth Author, Dublin, Ireland. Rabin Med Ctr, Dept Neonatol, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. Natl Ctr Epidemiol, Dept Human Genet & Teratol, Budapest, Hungary. Natl Inst Med Sci, RYVEMC, Dept Genet, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Europeen Genomutat, Lyon, France. Osservatorio Epidemiol Reg, Assessorato Sanita, Naples, Italy. Inst Care Mother & Child, Dept Populat Teratol, Prague, Czech Republic. Otto Von Guericke Univ, Malformat Monitoring Saxon Anhalt, Fac Med, Magdeburg, Germany. Slovak Med Univ, Bratislava, Slovakia. Volyn Reg Childrens Territorial Med Ctr, Volyn, Ukraine. RP Mastroiacovo, P (reprint author), Via Carlo Mirabello 19, I-00195 Rome, Italy. RI Bianchi, Fabrizio/F-7900-2015; BERMEJO-SANCHEZ, EVA/E-8703-2012 OI Bianchi, Fabrizio/0000-0002-3459-9301; BERMEJO-SANCHEZ, EVA/0000-0001-7282-2714 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU207141] NR 40 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 143A IS 7 BP 660 EP 671 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31607 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 153QN UT WOS:000245450200004 PM 17357116 ER PT J AU Craig, AS Wright, SW Edwards, KM Greene, JW Haynes, M Dake, AD Schaffner, W AF Craig, Allen S. Wright, Seth W. Edwards, Kathryn M. Greene, John W. Haynes, MaryLou Dake, Anthony D. Schaffner, William TI Outbreak of pertussis on a college campus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Bordetella pertussis; college health; respiratory tract infections; whooping cough ID CLINICAL CASE DEFINITIONS; CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; UNIVERSITY-STUDENTS; PERSISTENT COUGH; UNITED-STATES; ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB BACKGROUND: Pertussis is increasing among adolescents and adults despite universal childhood vaccination. This investigation describes an outbreak of pertussis among undergraduate students and assesses the burden of cough illness on a college campus. METHODS: Students presenting with prolonged cough were evaluated with culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serology. An e-mail survey was performed to determine the burden of cough illness on campus. RESULTS: Thirty-seven undergraduates were evaluated. Their mean duration of cough was 28 days. No student had cultures positive for B. pertussis; one was PCR positive. Ten (27%) had serologic values consistent with acute pertussis infection. The e-mail survey was returned by 225/500 (45%) students. Of these, 66 (29%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-36%) reported a cough of 2 weeks or longer duration during the fall semester. A conservative estimate showed that the campus-wide incidence of a cough illness meeting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition for pertussis was 13% ( 95% CI, 10%-16%) during the fall semester. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents and young adults are susceptible to pertussis infection. This study demonstrates that there was a substantial rate of pertussis infection during an outbreak on a college campus. Our findings support the routine use of the acellular pertussis vaccine in adolescents and adults. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Craig, AS (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, 425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. EM allen.craig@state.tn.us NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 120 IS 4 BP 364 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.06.035 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 156MB UT WOS:000245651600016 PM 17398232 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, D Chertow, DS Schulte, JM Ferdinands, JM Patel, PS Johnson, DR Harduar-Morano, L Blackmore, C Ourso, AC Cruse, KM Dunn, KH Moolenaar, RL AF Van Sickle, David Chertow, Daniel S. Schulte, Joann M. Ferdinands, Jill M. Patel, Prakash S. Johnson, David R. Harduar-Morano, Laurel Blackmore, Carina Ourso, Andre C. Cruse, Kelly M. Dunn, Kevin H. Moolenaar, Ronald L. TI Carbon monoxide poisoning in Florida during the 2004 hurricane season SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ICE STORM AB Background: During August-September 2004, four major hurricanes hit Florida, resulting in widespread power outages affecting several million households. Carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings during this period were investigated to identify ways to prevent future poisoning. Methods: Medical records from ten hospitals (two with hyperbaric oxygen chambers) were reviewed to identify individuals diagnosed with unintentional CO poisoning between August 13 and October 15, 2004. Multiple attempts were made to interview one person from each nonfatal incident. Medical examiner records and reports of investigations conducted by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission of six fatal poisonings from five additional incidents were also reviewed. Results: A total of 167 people treated for nonfatal CO poisoning were identified, representing 51 incidents. A portable, gasoline-powered generator was implicated in nearly all nonfatal incidents and in all fatal poisonings. Generators were most often located outdoors, followed by inside the garage, and inside the home. Telephone inter-views with representatives of 35 (69%) incidents revealed that concerns about theft or exhaust most often influenced the choice of location. Twenty-six (74%) households did not own a generator before the hurricanes, and 86% did not have a CO detector at the time of the poisoning. Twenty-one (67%) households reported reading or hearing CO education messages before the incident. Conclusions: Although exposure to public education messages may have encouraged more appropriate use of generators, a substantial number of people were poisoned even when the devices were operated outdoors. Additional educational efforts and engineering solutions that reduce CO emission from generators should be the focus of public health activities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Epidem Intelligence Serv, Tallahassee, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Van Sickle, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 707 WARF Bldg,610 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM vansickle@wisc.edu RI Dunn, Kevin/I-2195-2012 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.013 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 155FH UT WOS:000245562800012 PM 17383566 ER PT J AU Nebeling, L Yaroch, AL Seymour, JD Kimmons, J AF Nebeling, Linda Yaroch, Amy L. Seymour, Jennifer D. Kimmons, Joel TI Still not enough - Can we achieve our goals for Americans to eat more fruits and vegetables in the future? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLACK CHURCHES; INTERVENTION; CONSUMPTION C1 NCI, Hlth Promot Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nebeling, L (reprint author), NCI, Hlth Promot Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, 6130 Execut Blvd,EPN 4060, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM NebelinL@mail.nih.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 354 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.018 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 155FH UT WOS:000245562800014 PM 17383568 ER PT J AU Fielding, JE Abraido-Lanza, A Calonge, N Clymer, J Dickersin, K Glanz, K Goetzel, RZ Johnson, RL Pronk, NP Ramirez, G Richling, DE Rimer, BK Teutsch, SM Hahn, RA AF Fielding, Jonathan E. Abraido-Lanza, Ana Calonge, Ned Clymer, John Dickersin, Kay Glanz, Karen Goetzel, Ron Z. Johnson, Robert L. Pronk, Nico P. Ramirez, Gilbert Richling, Dennis E. Rimer, Barbara K. Teutsch, Steven M. Hahn, Robert A. CA Task Force Community Preventive S TI Recommendation against policies facilitating the transfer of juveniles from juvenile to adult justice systems for the purpose of reducing violence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LAWS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS K-95, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Goetzel, Ron/A-9670-2009 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP S5 EP S6 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.004 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 156FG UT WOS:000245632900003 ER PT J AU Herbst, JH Beeker, C Mathew, A McNally, T Passin, WF Kay, LS Crepaz, N Lyles, CM Briss, P Chattopadhyay, S Johnson, RL AF Herbst, Jeffrey H. Beeker, Carolyn Mathew, Anita McNally, Tarra Passin, Warren F. Kay, Linda S. Crepaz, Nicole Lyles, Cynthia M. Briss, Peter Chattopadhyay, Sajal Johnson, Robert L. CA Task Force Community Preventive S TI The effectiveness of individual-, group-, and community-level HIV behavioral risk-reduction interventions for adult men who have sex with men a systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE; LATINO GAY MEN; NEW-YORK-CITY; BISEXUAL MEN; PREVENTION INTERVENTION; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; YOUNG GAY AB This article presents the results of a systematic review of the effectiveness and economic efficiency of individual-, group-, and community-level behavioral interventions intended to reduce the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted HIV in adult men who have sex with men (MSM). These results form the basis for recommendations by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services on the use of these interventions. Sexual risk behavior and condom use were the outcomes used to assess effectiveness. Intervention effectiveness on biological outcomes could not be assessed because too few studies of adequate quality have been published. The evidence found in our review shows that individual-level, group-level, and community-level HIV behavioral interventions are effective in reducing the odds of unprotected anal intercourse (range 27% to 43% decrease) and increasing the odds of condom use for the group-level approach (by 81%). The Task Force concluded that the findings are applicable to MSM aged 20 years or older, across a range of settings and populations, assuming that interventions are appropriately adapted to the needs and characteristics of the MSM population of interest. Based on findings from economic evaluation studies, the Task Force also concluded that group- and community-level HIV behavioral interventions for adult MSM are not only cost effective but also result in actual cost savings. Additional information about other effects, barriers to implementation, and research gaps is provided in this paper. The recommendations based on these systematic reviews are expected to serve the needs of researchers, planners, and other public health decision makers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Div Sci Commun, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Herbst, JH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jherbst@cdc.gov; cgb3@cdc.gov NR 164 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP S38 EP S67 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.006 PG 30 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 156FG UT WOS:000245632900009 PM 17386336 ER PT J AU Herbst, JH Fielding, JE Abraido-Lanza, A Calonge, N Clymer, J Dickersin, K Glanz, K Goetzel, RZ Johnson, RL Pronk, NP Ramirez, G Richling, DE Rimer, BK Teutsch, SM AF Herbst, Jeffrey H. Fielding, Jonathan E. Abraido-Lanza, Ana Calonge, Ned Clymer, John Dickersin, Kay Glanz, Karen Goetzel, Ron Z. Johnson, Robert L. Pronk, Nico P. Ramirez, Gilbert Richling, Dennis E. Rimer, Barbara K. Teutsch, Steven M. CA Task Force Community Preventive S TI Recommendations for use of behavioral interventions to reduce the risk of sexual transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; EPIDEMIC; INFECTION; HIV/AIDS; GONORRHEA; LONDON; TRENDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Herbst, JH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Goetzel, Ron/A-9670-2009 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP S36 EP S37 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.005 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 156FG UT WOS:000245632900008 PM 17386335 ER PT J AU McGowan, A Hahn, R Liberman, A Crosby, A Fullilove, M Johnson, R Moscicki, E Price, L Snyder, S Tuma, F Lowy, J Briss, P Cory, S Stone, G AF McGowan, Angela Hahn, Robert Liberman, Akiva Crosby, Alex Fullilove, Mindy Johnson, Robert Moscicki, Eve Price, LeShawndra Snyder, Susan Tuma, Farris Lowy, Jessica Briss, Peter Cory, Stella Stone, Glenda CA Task Force Community Preventive S TI Effects on violence of laws and policies facilitating the transfer of juveniles system to the adult - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CRIMINAL COURTS; CRIME; ADOLESCENTS; OFFENDERS; JUSTICE; WAIVER; YOUTH AB The independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Preventive Services (Task Force), which directs development of the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide), has conducted a systematic review of published scientific evidence concerning the effectiveness of laws and policies that facilitate the transfer of juveniles to the adult criminal justice system, on either preventing or reducing violence (1) among those youth who experience the adult criminal system or (2) in the juvenile population as a whole. This review focuses on interpersonal violence. Violence may lead to the juvenile's initial arrest and entry into the justice system and, for those who are arrested, may be committed subsequent to exiting the justice system. Here transfer is defined as the placement of juveniles aged less than 18 years under the jurisdiction of the adult criminal justice system, rather than the juvenile justice system, following arrest. Using the methods developed by the Community Guide to conduct a systematic review of literature and provide recommendations to public health decision makers, the review team found that transferring juveniles to the adult justice system generally increases, rather than decreases, rates of violence among transferred youth. Evidence was insufficient for the Task Force on Community Preventive Services to determine the effect of such laws and policies in reducing violent behavior in the overall juvenile population. Overall, the Task Force recommends against laws or policies facilitating the transfer of juveniles from the juvenile to the adult judicial system for the purpose of reducing violence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Etiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Natl Inst Justice, Washington, DC USA. NIMH, Div Pediat Translat Res & Treatment Dev, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIMH, Div Adult Translat Res & Treatment Dev, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hahn, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Community Guide Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rah1@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP S7 EP S28 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.003 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 156FG UT WOS:000245632900004 PM 17386331 ER PT J AU Millett, GA Peterson, JL AF Millett, Gregorio A. Peterson, John L. TI The known hidden epidemic - HIV/AIDS among black men who have sex with men in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION; BISEXUAL MEN; HIV-INFECTION; YOUNG MEN; MINORITY MEN; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION; SEROPREVALENCE; ASSOCIATIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Millett, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop e-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gmillett@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP S31 EP S33 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.028 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 156FG UT WOS:000245632900006 PM 17386333 ER PT J AU Farris, RP Will, JC Khavjou, O Finkelstein, EA AF Farris, Rosanne P. Will, Julie C. Khavjou, Olga Finkelstein, Eric A. TI Beyond effectiveness: Evaluating the public health impact of the WISEWOMAN program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; PROMOTION INTERVENTIONS AB Interventions that are effective are often improperly or only partially implemented when put into practice. When intervention programs are evaluated, feasibility of implementation and effectiveness need to be examined. Reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance make up the RE-AIM framework used to assess such programs. To examine the usefulness of this metric, we addressed 2 key research questions. Is it feasible to operationalize the RE-AIM framework using women's health program data? How does the determination of a successful program differ if the criterion is (1) effectiveness alone, (2) reach and effectiveness, or (3) the 5 dimensions of the RE-AIM framework? Findings indicate that it is feasible to operationalize the RE-AIM concepts and that RE-AIM may provide a richer measure of contextual factors for program success compared with other evaluation approaches. C1 [Farris, Rosanne P.; Will, Julie C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Khavjou, Olga; Finkelstein, Eric A.] RTI Int Hlth Social & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Farris, RP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MSK-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rif6@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [200-97-0621] NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 4 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.072264 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297WG UT WOS:000255647500019 PM 17329665 ER PT J AU Hutson, CL Lee, KN Abel, J Carroll, DS Montgomery, JM Olson, VA Ll, Y Davidson, W Hughes, C Dillon, M Spurlock, P Kazmierczak, JJ Austin, C Miser, L Sorhage, FE Howell, J Davis, JP Reynolds, MG Braden, Z Karem, KL Damon, IK Regnery, RL AF Hutson, Christina L. Lee, Kemba N. Abel, Jason Carroll, Darin S. Montgomery, Joel M. Olson, Victoria A. Ll, Yu Davidson, Whitni Hughes, Christine Dillon, Michael Spurlock, Paul Kazmierczak, James J. Austin, Connie Miser, Lori Sorhage, Faye E. Howell, James Davis, Jeffrey P. Reynolds, Mary G. Braden, Zachary Karem, Kevin L. Damon, Inger K. Regnery, Russell L. TI Monkeypox zoonotic associations: Insights from laboratory evaluation of animals associated with the multi-state us outbreak SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; PRAIRIE DOGS; ATTACK RATES; VIRUS; POXVIRUS; TRANSMISSION; SQUIRRELS; SMALLPOX; ECOLOGY; DISEASE AB At the onset of the 2003 US monkeypox outbreak, virologic data were unavailable regarding which animal species were involved with virus importation and/or subsequent transmission to humans and whether there was a risk for establishment of zoonotic monkeypox in North America. Similarly, it was unclear which specimens would be best for virus testing. Monkeypox DNA was detected in at least 33 animals, and virus was cultured from 22. Virus-positive animals included three African species associated with the importation event (giant pouched rats, Cricetomys spp.; rope squirrels, Funisciuris sp.; and dormice, Graphiuris sp.). Virologic evidence from North American prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.) was concordant with their suspected roles as vectors for human monkeypox. Multiple tissues were found suitable for DNA detection and/or virus isolation. These data extend the potential host range for monkeypox virus infection and supports concern regarding the potential for establishment in novel reservoir species and ecosystems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis, Madison, WI USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Springfield, IL USA. Illinois Dept Agr, Bur Anim Hlth, Springfield, IL USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Infect & Zoonot Dis Program, Trenton, NJ USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Communicable & Preparedness, Madison, WI USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Regnery, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-43,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rur1@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 BP 757 EP 767 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 155UV UT WOS:000245604800029 PM 17426184 ER PT J AU Ni, HL Yun, NE Zacks, MA Weaver, SC Tesh, RB Da Rosa, APT Powers, AM Frolov, I Paessler, S AF Ni, Haolin Yun, Nadezhda E. Zacks, Michele A. Weaver, Scott C. Tesh, Robert B. Da Rosa, Amelia P. Travassos Powers, Ann M. Frolov, Ilya Paessler, Slobodan TI Recombinant alphaviruses are safe and useful serological diagnostic tools SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; VIRUS SUBTYPE IE; SINDBIS VIRUS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; ATTENUATED VACCINES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY AB Serological assays for diagnosis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) currently require bio-safety level 3 facilities and select agent certification to produce antigens, reference sera, or viral stocks. Rapid identification of VEEV infection is required to respond to human and equine outbreaks of encephalitis caused by that virus and can be useful for epidemiologic surveillance. Alphavirus (Sindbis)-based recombinant viruses that express VEEV structural proteins are attenuated in animal models, thus representing an alternative to the handling of virulent infectious virus. Virus and viral antigens from recombinant Sindbis/VEE constructs engineered to express structural proteins from multiple VEEV subtypes were evaluated as diagnostic reagents in VEEV-specific serological assays, e.g., plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, and complement fixation (CF) test. Chimeric viruses were produced efficiently in cell culture and were as effective as the parental virus for identifying infection of humans, horses, and rodents in these serological assays. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Paessler, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM slpaessl@utmb.edu RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K08 AI059491, U54 AI057156, AI48807, R01 AI30027, N01 AI25489, AI39800] NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 BP 774 EP 781 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 155UV UT WOS:000245604800031 PM 17426186 ER PT J AU McKernan, JL Ellenbecker, MJ AF McKernan, John L. Ellenbecker, Michael J. TI Ventilation equations for improved exothermic process control SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE engineering controls; hot process; local exhaust ventilation ID CONVECTION; HEAT AB Exothermic or heated processes create potentially unsafe work environments for an estimated 5-10 million American workers each year. Excessive heat and process contaminants have the potential to cause acute health effects such as heat stroke, and chronic effects such as manganism in welders. Although millions of workers are exposed to exothermic processes, insufficient attention has been given to continuously improving engineering technologies for these processes to provide effective and efficient control. Currently there is no specific occupational standard established by OSHA regarding exposure to heat from exothermic processes, therefore it is important to investigate techniques that can mitigate known and potential adverse occupational health effects. The current understanding of engineering controls for exothermic processes is primarily based on a book chapter written by W. C. L. Hemeon in 1955. Improvements in heat transfer and meteorological theory necessary to design improved process controls have occurred since this time. The research presented involved a review of the physical properties, heat transfer and meteorological theories governing buoyant air flow created by exothermic processes. These properties and theories were used to identify parameters and develop equations required for the determination of buoyant volumetric flow to assist in improving ventilation controls. Goals of this research were to develop and describe a new (i.e. proposed) flow equation, and compare it to currently accepted ones by Hemeon and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Numerical assessments were conducted to compare solutions from the proposed equations for plume area, mean velocity and flow to those from the ACGIH and Hemeon. Parameters were varied for the dependent variables and solutions from the proposed, ACGIH, and Hemeon equations for plume area, mean velocity and How were analyzed using a randomized complete block statistical design (ANOVA). Results indicate that the proposed plume mean velocity equation provides significantly greater means than either the ACGIH or Hemeon equations throughout the range of parameters investigated. The proposed equations for plume area and flow also provide significantly greater means than either the ACGIH or Hemeon equations at distances >1 in above exothermic processes. With an accurate solution for the total volumetric flow, ventilation engineers and practicing industrial hygienists are equipped with the necessary information to design and size hoods, as well as place them at an optimal distance from the source to provide adequate control of the rising plume. The equations developed will allow researchers and practitioners to determine the critical control parameters for exothermic processes, such as the exhaust flow necessary to improve efficacy and efficiency, while ensuring adequate worker protection. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP McKernan, JL (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-R14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM JMcKernan@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mem006 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 171HD UT WOS:000246725600006 PM 17351265 ER PT J AU McKernan, LT Burge, H Wallingford, KM Hein, MJ Herrick, R AF Taylor McKernan, Lauralynn Burge, Harriet Wallingford, Kenneth M. Hein, Misty J. Herrick, Robert TI Evaluating fungal populations by genera/species on wide body commercial passenger aircraft and in airport terminals SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE aircraft; fungal exposures; airplane; total spore fungi; genera analysis AB Given the potential health effects of fungi and the amount of time aircrew and passengers spend inside aircraft, it is important to study fungal populations in the aircraft environment. Research objectives included documenting the genera/species of airborne culturable fungal concentrations and total spore concentrations on a twin-aisle wide body commercial passenger aircraft. Twelve flights between 4.5 and 6.5 h in duration on Boeing 767 (B-767) aircraft were evaluated. Two air cooling packs and 50% recirculation rate (i.e. 50:50 mix of outside air and filtered inside air) were utilized during flight operations. Passenger occupancy rates varied from 67 to 100%. N-6 impactors and total spore traps were used to collect sequential, triplicate air samples in the front and rear of coach class during six sampling intervals throughout each flight: boarding, mid-climb, early cruise, mid-cruise, late cruise and deplaning. Comparison air samples were also collected inside and outside the airport terminals at the origin and destination cities resulting in a total of 522 culturable and 517 total spore samples. A total of 45 surface wipe samples were collected using swabs onboard the aircraft and inside the airport terminals. A variety of taxa were observed in the culturable and total spore samples. A frequency analysis of the fungal data indicated that Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Penicillium were predominant genera in the culturable samples whereas Cladosporium, Basidiospores and Penicillium/Aspergillus were predominant in the total spore samples. Fungal populations observed inside the aircraft were comprised of similar genera, detected significantly less frequently and with lower mean concentrations than those observed in typical office buildings. Although sources internal to the aircraft could not be ruled out, our data demonstrate the importance of passenger activity as the source of the fungi observed on aircraft. Isolated fungal peak events occurred occasionally when concentrations of a particular genus or species rose sharply inside the cabin for a limited period. Overall, our research demonstrates that on the sampled flights the B-767 filtration system operated efficiently to remove fungal spores when two air cooling packs and 50% recirculation rate were utilized during flight operations. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP McKernan, LT (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM LMcKeman@CDC.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 281 EP 291 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mem002 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 171HD UT WOS:000246725600007 PM 17351266 ER PT J AU Wu, YH Chan, CC Rao, CY Lee, CT Hsu, HH Chiu, YH Chao, HJ AF Wu, Yi-Hua Chan, Chang-Chuan Rao, Carol Y. Lee, Chung-Te Hsu, Hsiao-Hsien Chiu, Yueh-Hsiu Chao, H. Jasmine TI Characteristics, determinants, and spatial variations of ambient fungal levels in the subtropical Taipei metropolis SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aeroallergens; aerobiology; bioaerosols; culturable fungi; subtropical ID METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS; SPORE CONCENTRATIONS; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; ASTHMA ADMISSIONS; AIRBORNE FUNGI; MOLD SPORES; CITY; AIR; ALTERNARIA; ATMOSPHERE AB This study was conducted to investigate the temporal and spatial distributions, compositions, and determinants of ambient aeroallergens in Taipei, Taiwan, a subtropical metropolis. We monitored ambient culturable fungi in Shin-Jhuang City, an urban area, and Shi-Men Township, a rural area, in Taipei metropolis from 2003 to 2004. We collected ambient fungi in the last week of every month during the study period, using duplicate Burkard portable samplers and Malt Extract Agar. The median concentration of total fungi was 1339 colony-forming units m(-3) of air over the study period. The most prevalent fungi were non-sporulating fungi, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Curvularia and Aspergillus at both sites. Airborne fungal concentrations and diversity of fungal species were generally higher in urban than in rural areas. Most fungal taxa had significant seasonal variations, with higher levels in summer. Multivariate analyses showed that the levels of ambient fungi were associated positively with temperature, but negatively with ozone and several other air pollutants. Relative humidity also had a significant non-linear relationship with ambient fungal levels. We concluded that the concentrations and the compositions of ambient fungi are diverse in urban and rural areas in the subtropical region. High ambient fungal levels were related to an urban environment and environmental conditions of high temperature and low ozone levels. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Taipei Med Univ, Grad Inst Publ Hlth, Taipei 110, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Occupat Med & Ind Hyg, Coll Publ Hlth, Taipei 100, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Environm Engn, Jhongli 320, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Chao, HJ (reprint author), Taipei Med Univ, Grad Inst Publ Hlth, 250 Wu Hsing St, Taipei 110, Taiwan. EM hchao@tmu.edu.tw OI CHAN, CHANG-CHUAN/0000-0002-7518-5236 NR 47 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2500 EP 2509 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.035 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 163DY UT WOS:000246140200002 ER PT J AU Petersen, MR Deddens, JA AF Petersen, Martin R. Deddens, James A. TI "Parameter estimation and goodness-of-fit in log binomial regression" SO BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. RP Petersen, MR (reprint author), NIOSH, MS-R15,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mrp1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PALISADENSTR 40, D-10243 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0323-3847 J9 BIOMETRICAL J JI Biom. J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 328 EP 329 DI 10.1002/bimj.200610319 PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 160BM UT WOS:000245911800012 PM 17476953 ER PT J AU Prineas, RJ Ostchega, Y Carroll, M Dillon, C McDowell, M AF Prineas, Ronald J. Ostchega, Yechiam Carroll, Margaret Dillon, Charles McDowell, Margaret TI US demographic trends in mid-arm circumference and recommended blood pressure cuffs for children and adolescents: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-2004 SO BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING LA English DT Article DE adolescents; blood pressure determination; children; health survey; mid-arm circumference; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ID WIDTH AB Objective Mid-arm circumference measurement is a prerequisite for the selection of properly sized blood pressure cuffs for accurate blood pressure readings in children and youth. This study examined recent trends in the mid-arm circumference distribution and the distribution of corresponding recommended blood pressure cuff sizes using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (11998-1994) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 data. Design Both studies were complex, cross-sectional surveys providing nationally representative samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized US population. Participants Children of 7-17 years of age were studied. A total of 2515 boys and 2596 girls participated in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, and 3941 boys and 3917 girls in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. Statistical Analysis Mean mid-arm circumference and recommended National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents defined blood pressure cuff sizes were assessed by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. US boys aged 7-12 years and girls aged 7-12 and 13-17 years had significant increases in mid-arm circumference (P < 0.05) across the two surveys. Moreover, from 1988-1994 to 1999-2004, there were statistically significant increases in the percentage of boys (age 7-12 and 13-17 years) and girls (age 13-17 years) needing large blood pressure adult cuffs (P < 0.05). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 data show that both boys and girls aged 13-17 years had a mean mid-arm circumference >= 27 cm, which requires an adult blood pressure cuff fit. Furthermore, 52% boys and 42% girls aged 13-17 years, required a standard adult cuff fit. Conclusion Mean mid-arm circumference has increased among US children and adolescents, with important implications for the accuracy of blood pressure measurement in clinical practice. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Nutr Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Prineas, RJ (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM rprineas@wfubmc.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1359-5237 J9 BLOOD PRESS MONIT JI Blood Press. Monit. PD APR PY 2007 VL 12 IS 2 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1097/MBP.0b013e3280b08342 PG 6 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 155FW UT WOS:000245564300003 PM 17353649 ER PT J AU Xue, S Howard, RJ Rahman, MH Hwang, SF Strelkov, SE AF Xue, S. Howard, R. J. Rahman, M. H. Hwang, S. F. Strelkov, S. E. TI Variation in virulence of isolates derived from single spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae from Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Alberta, Agr Forestry Ctr 410, Dept Agr Food & Nutrit Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. CDC, Alberta Agr Food & Rural Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Strelkov, Stephen/A-1382-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 212 EP 212 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 214LU UT WOS:000249740100030 ER PT J AU Fasco, MJ Hauer, CR Stack, RF O'Hehir, C Barr, JR Eadon, GA AF Fasco, Michael J. Hauer, Charles R., III Stack, Robert F. O'Hehir, Colleen Barr, John R. Eadon, George A. TI Cyanide adducts with human plasma proteins: Albumin as a potential exposure surrogate SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-SERUM ALBUMIN; MERCAPT CONVERSION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LAETRILE INGESTION; HIGH-YIELD; CLEAVAGE; CYSTINE; BLOOD; CASSAVA; SMOKE AB Cyanide (CN) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant. The measurement of CN in whole blood is a common exposure assay, but values are error prone because of CN's rapid metabolism and clearance (t(1/2) < 1 h) from this compartment. This study was undertaken to determine whether CN forms covalent adduct(s) with plasma proteins that could serve as stable biomarker(s) and potential surrogate(s) of exposure. When added to human blood, plasma, or serum, CN formed covalent adducts with immunoglobulin G (IgG) and serum albumin (HSA) in the plasma fraction. Covalent adducts were not detected in the cellular, primarily erythrocyte, fraction. With human, mouse, and rabbit IgGs, the reaction with CN occurred at intra- and/or interchain disulfide linkages in the heavy and light chains. Digestion of CN-treated HSA with trypsin or the endoproteinase Lys-C at basic pH produced tautomeric 2-iminothiazoline-4-carboxylyl/2-aminothiazolidine-4-carboxylyl ((itc)Cys) N-terminal peptides exclusively, consistent with prior model peptide/protein studies showing that under basic conditions internal S-cyanylated-Cys residues cyclize with concomitant release of the upstream peptide. The most readily detectable reaction of CN with purified HSA was at Cys(34), the only Cys of the 35 present not connected as internal cystines. Because CN does not react with free sulfhydryl groups, it is probable that S-cyanylation at Cys(34) occurs at those residues that carry GSH, Cys, or other small molecules as mixed disulfides. Relatively less detectable, modified Cys residues were also identified at positions 53, 124, 392, 477, and 487. When (CN)-C-14 was added to human serum or whole blood at concentrations spanning a putative nontoxic to lethal range, stable adduct formation with HSA occurred in a linear, concentration-dependent reaction that was complete within 2 h. These attributes of the reaction, coupled with a plasma compartment location, suggest that quantitation of CN bound to HSA would provide a much more reliable assessment of exposure than does measurement of CN in blood. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Biggs Lab, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biol Mass Spect Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fasco, MJ (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Biggs Lab, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201 USA. EM mfasco@nycap.rr.com FU PHS HHS [U90/CCU216998, U59/CCU223392] NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X EI 1520-5010 J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 4 BP 677 EP 684 DI 10.1021/tx6003425 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 157AD UT WOS:000245690100015 PM 17373827 ER PT J AU Baumann, MH Nolan, R Petrini, M Lee, YCG Light, RW Schneider, E AF Baumann, Michael H. Nolan, Rathel Petrini, Marcy Lee, Y. C. Gary Light, Richard W. Schneider, Eileen TI Pleural tuberculosis in the United States - Incidence and drug resistance SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE pleura; resistance; tuberculosis ID SPUTUM INDUCTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS; AIDS AB Background: Pleural tuberculosis (TB) should be considered in any patient with a lymphocytic pleural effusion. The diagnostic approach is under debate. Knowledge of pleural TB epidemiology would be beneficial. To help clarify pleural TB epidemiology, we analyzed US national TB surveillance data for 1993 to 2003. Methods: We compared pleural TB to pulmonary TB (where each was reported as the major site of T B disease, and no additional sites of disease were reported). Applicable statistical tests were performed; p < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: From 1993 through 2003, 7,549 cases of pleural TB and 156,779 cases of pulmonary TB were reported (in 2003: pleural TB, 536 cases; pulmonary TB, 10,551 cases). The annual proportion of pleural TB was relatively stable (median rate, 3.6%; range, 3.3 to 4.0%) compared to that for pulmonary TB, which steadily decreased (average annual decrease, 0.9%; p < 0.01). Pleural TB occurred significantly more often than pulmonary TB among persons >= 65 years old (30.4% vs 23.3%, respectively; p < 0.01), and it occurred significantly less often among children < 15 years old (1.8% vs 6.1%, respectively; p < 0.01) and persons 45 to 64 years old (22.9% vs 27.9%, respectively; p < 0.01). Pleural TB patients (63.4%) were born slightly more often in the United States than were pulmonary TB patients (60.9%; p < 0.01). Drug-resistance patterns of pleural TB broadly reflected those of pulmonary TB. However, isolates from pleural TB patients were less often resistant to at least isoniazid (6.0% vs 7.8%, respectively; p < 0.01) and to at least one first-line TB drug (9.9% vs 11.9%, respectively; p < 0.01) compared with pulmonary TB patients. Conclusions: Knowledge of pleural TB demographic, clinical, and drug-resistance patterns may assist clinicians in mating diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baumann, MH (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM mbaumann@medicine.umsmed.edu NR 21 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD APR PY 2007 VL 131 IS 4 BP 1125 EP 1132 DI 10.1378/chest.06-2352 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 158DE UT WOS:000245770600030 PM 17426219 ER PT J AU Marcovina, S Bowsher, RR Miller, WG Staten, M Myers, G Caudill, SP Campbell, SE Steffes, MW AF Marcovina, Santica Bowsher, Ronald R. Miller, W. Greg Staten, Myrlene Myers, Gary Caudill, Samuel P. Campbell, Scott E. Steffes, Michael W. CA Insulin Standardization Workgrp TI Standardization of insulin immunoassays: Report of the American Diabetes Association Workgroup SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROINSULIN AB Background: Circulating insulin concentration in serum or plasma provides important information for the estimation of insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Currently, lack of standardization of insulin assays hinders efforts to achieve consistent measures for treatment guidelines. Methods: A Workgroup convened by the American Diabetes Association evaluated 12 different commercial insulin methods from 9 manufacturers. Results: The within-assay CVs ranged from 3.7% to 39.0%, with 7 of 10 assays having a CV <= 10.6%. The among-assay CVs ranged from 12% to 66%, with a median value of 24%. A common insulin reference preparation did not change the among-assay CV and failed to improve harmonization of results among assays. Results from 6 of 10 assays agreed within the total error of 32% that is allowable based on biological variability criteria. Seven of 10 assays recovered insulin added to a serum pool within 15.5% of the expected concentration. in 9 of 10 methods, there was < 2% cross-reactivity with intact human proinsulin, and 8 of 10 methods had < 3% cross-reactivity with split (32, 33) proinsulin. For 9 of 10 assays, the cross-reactivity of des (64,65) proinsulin exceeded 40%. Overall, most assays had acceptable imprecision and specificity for insulin. Conclusion: The discordance in test results for commercial insulin reagent sets is likely multifactorial and Will 9 require a continuing effort to understand the differences and achieve the desired consistency and harmonization among commercial immunoassays. (c) 2007 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Washington, NW Lipid Metab & Diabet Res Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. LINCO Diagnost Serv, St Charles, MO USA. B2S Consulting, Beech Grove, IN USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Diabet Assoc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Steffes, MW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM steff001@umn.edu NR 8 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 53 IS 4 BP 711 EP 716 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2006.082214 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 156ID UT WOS:000245640400023 PM 17272483 ER PT J AU Fazili, Z Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, M AF Fazili, Zia Pfeiffer, Christine M. Zhang, Mindy TI Comparison of serum folate species analyzed by LC-MS/MS with total folate measured by microbiologic assay and Bio-Rad radioassay SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FOLIC-ACID AB Background: The Bio-Rad QuantaPhase 11 radioassay (BR), used for 25 years to measure total folate (TFOL) concentrations for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), will be discontinued in 2007. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or a microbiologic assay (MA) will be used in the future. Methods: We measured folate species by LC-MS/MS and TFOL by MA and BR in 327 serum samples. Results: LC-MS/MS measured 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5CH(3)THF; 82%), folic acid (FA; 8%), 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid (5CHOTHF; 6%), tetrahydrofolic acid (THF; 4%), and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid (5,10CH=THF; 0%). The sum of the folate species correlated well with TFOL measured by MA (R-2 = 0.97) and BR (R-2 = 0.91). Compared with LC-MS/MS results, MA and BR values were significantly lower (-6% and -29%, respectively); however, these differences were concentration dependent. The MA almost completely recovered folates added to serum samples except for FA [69% (3%)] and THF [36% (10%)]. The BR underrecovered 5CH(3)THF [61% (9%)] and 5CHOTHF [38% (14%)] and overrecovered 5,10CH=THF [234% (32%)]. Multiple linear regression models with log-transformed data yielded a good fit for converting BR data to MA or LC-MS/MS data and MA data to LC-MS/MS data. Conclusions: The good correspondence between the sum of folate species determined by LC-MS/MS and TFOL determined by MA makes these 2 assays interchangeable. The BR produces much lower results, on average, probably because of 5CH(3)THF underrecovery. The conversion equations provided could be used for future NHANES time trend analyses. (c) 2007 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop F55, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM CPfeiffer@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 53 IS 4 BP 781 EP 784 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2006.078451 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 156ID UT WOS:000245640400033 PM 17272488 ER PT J AU Wiedmeyer, HM Polonsky, KS Myers, GL Little, RR Greenbaum, CJ Goldstein, DE Palmer, JP AF Wiedmeyer, Hsiao-Mei Polonsky, Kenneth S. Myers, Gary L. Little, Randie R. Greenbaum, Carla J. Goldstein, David E. Palmer, Jerry P. TI International comparison of C-peptide measurements SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-CELL FUNCTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INSULIN-SECRETION; STANDARDIZATION; TRIAL AB Background: C-peptide measurement has been widely used as a marker of insulin secretion in patients with diabetes. We assessed the comparability of C-peptide results obtained with different methods and by different laboratories and determined whether C-peptide results could be harmonized by normalization with a WHO reference reagent or with plasma. Methods: We sent 16 different heparin plasma samples to 15 laboratories in 7 countries. The samples were analyzed with 10 different assay methods. A WHO C-peptide standard was also sent to each laboratory and used to determine the feasibility of normalizing results. To assess the impact of calibrator matrix on the comparability of results, we also used the mean results of all laboratories for 4 of the samples to normalize the remaining sample results. Results: Between-laboratory variability increased with increasing C-peptide concentrations. Normalization of results with WHO reference reagents did not improve comparability, but normalization with samples significantly improved comparability among laboratories and methods. The 95% confidence interval estimate for the SD for the lab/method effect (0.0-0.061) using sample-normalized values did not overlap with the 95% CI estimate with the raw data (0.090-0.225). Conclusions: C-peptide results generated by different methods and different laboratories do not always agree, especially at higher concentrations of C-peptide. These data support the concept of using a single laboratory for multisite studies and support efforts to harmonize C-peptide measurements by use of calibrators prepared in the sample matrix. (c) 2007 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Anat Sci, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Ctr Environm Hlth F25, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. Benaroya Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. VA Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Little, RR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Anat Sci, 1 Hosp Dr, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. EM LittleR@health.missouri.edu OI Little, Randie/0000-0001-6450-8012 FU PHS HHS [200200409985] NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 53 IS 4 BP 784 EP 787 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2006.081570 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 156ID UT WOS:000245640400034 PM 17332147 ER PT J AU Anderson, LJ AF Anderson, Larry J. TI Human bocavirus: A new viral pathogen SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; EPIDEMIOLOGIC PROFILE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CORONAVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; DISEASE; VIRUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mail Stop A34,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lja2@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 911 EP 912 DI 10.1086/512438 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 143KY UT WOS:000244721600004 PM 17342640 ER PT J AU Walsh, JJ Pesik, N Quinn, CP Urdaneta, V Dykewicz, CA Boyer, AE Guarner, J Wilkins, P Norville, KJ Barr, JR Zaki, SR Patel, JB Reagan, SP Pirkle, JL Treadwell, TA Messonnier, NR Rotz, LD Meyer, RF Stephens, DS AF Walsh, James J. Pesik, Nicki Quinn, Conrad P. Urdaneta, Veronica Dykewicz, Clare A. Boyer, Anne E. Guarner, Jeannette Wilkins, Patricia Norville, Kim J. Barr, John R. Zaki, Sherif R. Patel, Jean B. Reagan, Sarah P. Pirkle, James L. Treadwell, Tracee A. Messonnier, Nancy Rosenstein Rotz, Lisa D. Meyer, Richard F. Stephens, David S. TI A case of naturally acquired inhalation anthrax: Clinical care and analyses of anti-protective antigen immunoglobulin G and lethal factor SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; IDENTIFICATION; VALIDATION; ANTIBODIES; ASSAY AB This report describes the first case of naturally acquired inhalation anthrax in the United States since 1976. The patient's clinical course included adjunctive treatment with human anthrax immunoglobulin. Clinical correlation of serologic assays for the lethal factor component of lethal toxin and anti-protective antigen immunoglobulin G are also presented. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Coordinating Ctr Environm Hlth & Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. RP Pesik, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop C-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM NPesik@cdc.gov RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 12 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 968 EP 971 DI 10.1086/512372 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 143KY UT WOS:000244721600014 PM 17342650 ER PT J AU Nelson, JM Chiller, TM Powers, JH Angulo, FJ AF Nelson, Jennifer M. Chiller, Tom M. Powers, John H. Angulo, Frederick J. TI Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter species and the withdrawal of fluoroquinolones from use in poultry: A public health success story SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID JEJUNI INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CIPROFLOXACIN; QUINOLONE; COLI; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION; CONSEQUENCES; SALMONELLA AB Campylobacter species cause 1.4 million infections each year in the United States. Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin) are commonly used in adults with Campylobacter infection and other infections. Fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin) are also used in veterinary medicine. Human infections with fluoroquinolone- resistant Campylobacter species have become increasingly common and are associated with consumption of poultry. These findings, along with other data, prompted the US Food and Drug Administration to propose the withdrawal of fluoroquinolone use in poultry in 2000. A lengthy legal hearing concluded with an order to withdraw enrofloxacin from use in poultry (effective in September 2005). Clinicians are likely to continue to encounter patients with fluoroquinolone- resistant Campylobacter infection and other enteric infection because of the continued circulation of fluoroquinolone- resistant Campylobacter species in poultry flocks and in persons returning from foreign travel who have acquired a fluoroquinolone- resistant enteric infection while abroad. Judicious use of fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobial agents in human and veterinary medicine is essential to preserve the efficacy of these important chemotherapeutic agents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fangulo@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 155 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 22 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 977 EP 980 DI 10.1086/512369 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 143KY UT WOS:000244721600017 PM 17342653 ER PT J AU Hogben, M AF Hogben, Matthew TI Partner notification for sexually transmitted diseases SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; CASE-FINDING EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NATIONAL-SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; SEX PARTNERS; SOUTH-AFRICA; PSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS; INTERVIEWING TECHNIQUES; PHYSICIANS OPINIONS AB Partner notification, a principal means of controlling sexually transmitted diseases, has traditionally been performed by public health professionals. They interview infected persons and contact the sex partners of these persons to notify them and convince them of the need to seek evaluation and treatment (known as "provider referral"). This notification method is labor intensive; the typical alternative to provider referral is to leave notification to the infected person (known as "patient referral"). However, innovations in partner notification, often created by public health professionals responsible for the practice, have yielded adjuncts and complements to both provider and patient referral. The present review article covers 4 areas of innovation: (1) enhancements to patient referral instructions and provider interview techniques, (2) use of the Internet in partner notification, (3) the emerging influence of network methods, and (4) expedited partner therapy, principally through patient-delivered medications or prescriptions. Partner notification remains necessary, and flexibility, openness to the use of multiple methods, and collaboration are likely to be helpful. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mailstop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhogben@cdc.gov NR 75 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 SU 3 BP S160 EP S174 DI 10.1086/511429 PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 143ST UT WOS:000244745400010 PM 17342669 ER PT J AU McLean, CA Stoner, BP Workowski, KA AF McLean, Catherine A. Stoner, Bradley P. Workowski, Kimberly A. TI Treatment of lymphogranuloma venereum SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; AZITHROMYCIN; DOXYCYCLINE; URETHRITIS; INFECTIONS; CERVICITIS; OFLOXACIN; TRIAL; MEN AB Background. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) classically presents with 1 or more genital ulcers or papules, as well as inguinal lymphadenopathy (buboes). Recently reported cases of LGV proctitis in men who have sex with men, many of whom are coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have highlighted the importance of optimal clinical treatment of LGV. Methods. A review was conducted of the literature on LGV published between 1998 and 2004, as part of the development of the 2006 sexually transmitted disease treatment guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Results. Doxycycline (100 mg orally twice daily for 21 days) remains the treatment of choice for LGV. No controlled trials support the use of azithromycin or the use of alternative treatment regimens for persons with HIV infection. Conclusions. On the basis of the present literature review, the CDC's treatment recommendations for LGV remain unchanged. LGV clinical care, surveillance, and research are severely hindered by the lack of widely available, rapid, standardized tests for the diagnosis of LGV; therefore, patients with symptoms suggestive of LGV, including LGV proctitis, should be presumptively treated with antibacterial therapy for 3 weeks. C1 Emory Univ, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP McLean, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Prevent Branch, Global AIDS Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CMcLean@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 SU 3 BP S147 EP S152 DI 10.1086/511427 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 143ST UT WOS:000244745400008 PM 17342667 ER PT J AU Newman, LM Moran, JS Workowski, KA AF Newman, Lori M. Moran, John S. Workowski, Kimberly A. TI Update on the management of gonorrhea in adults in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID RESISTANT NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; UNCOMPLICATED GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; LEVEL CIPROFLOXACIN RESISTANCE; DELIVERED PARTNER TREATMENT; DOSE CEFUROXIME AXETIL; TRINIDAD-AND-TOBAGO; IN-VITRO RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Gonorrhea, the second most commonly reported notifiable disease, is an important cause of cervicitis, urethritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. The selection of appropriate therapy for gonorrhea (i. e., safe, highly effective, single dose, and affordable) is complicated by the ability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to develop resistance to antimicrobial therapies. This article reviews the key questions and data that informed the 2006 gonorrhea treatment recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Key areas addressed include the criteria used to select effective treatment for gonorrhea, the level of antimicrobial resistance at which changing treatment regimens is recommended, the epidemiology of resistance, and the use of quinolones, cephalosporins, and other classes of antimicrobials for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Natl Ctr HIV Aids Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Newman, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailtop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM len4@cdc.gov NR 178 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 SU 3 BP S84 EP S101 DI 10.1086/511422 PG 18 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 143ST UT WOS:000244745400003 PM 17342672 ER PT J AU Wendel, KA Workowski, KA AF Wendel, Karen A. Workowski, Kimberly A. TI Trichomoniasis: Challenges to appropriate management SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SINGLE-DOSE TREATMENT; VAGINAL TRICHOMONIASIS; PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR; ORAL METRONIDAZOLE; PRETERM DELIVERY; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS AB Trichomonas vaginalis infection is a common cause of vaginal irritation in women and is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in the world. It has been associated with serious sequelae, the most notable of which are prematurity, low birth weight, and increases in human immunodeficiency virus transmission. We review advances in diagnosis and treatment and the current controversies regarding management. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Emory Univ, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Wendel, KA (reprint author), 1550 S Potomac St,Ste 270, Aurora, CO 80012 USA. EM kwwendel@yahoo.com NR 66 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 SU 3 BP S123 EP S129 DI 10.1086/511425 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 143ST UT WOS:000244745400006 PM 17342665 ER PT J AU Workowski, KA Berman, SM AF Workowski, Kimberly A. Berman, Stuart M. TI Centers for disease control and prevention sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines - Introduction SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; RESISTANCE; SYPHILIS; COHORT; WOMEN C1 Emory Univ, Div Std Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Workowski, KA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div Std Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM kgw2@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 SU 3 BP S73 EP S76 DI 10.1086/511430 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 143ST UT WOS:000244745400001 PM 17342670 ER PT J AU Dye, BA Barker, LK Selwitz, RH Lewis, BG Wu, T Fryar, CD Ostchega, Y Beltran, ED Ley, E AF Dye, B. A. Barker, L. K. Selwitz, R. H. Lewis, B. G. Wu, T. Fryar, C. D. Ostchega, Y. Beltran, E. D. Ley, E. TI Overview and quality assurance for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) oral health component, 1999-2002 SO COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data reliability; dental public health; epidemiology; NHANES; oral health; quality assurance ID RELIABILITY; KAPPA; AGREEMENT AB The Oral Health Component of the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a collaborative effort between the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Oral Health (NCCDPHP/DOH), and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The current NHANES is designed as a continuous survey with data released on a 2-year cycle to represent the civilian, non-institutionalized population of the US. Oral health data are currently available for 8082 and 9010 persons aged >= 2 years who participated in the 1999-2000 and 2001-2002 NHANES, respectively. This article provides background information on previous national examination surveys with oral health content. It also provides general analytical considerations, oral health content information, and evaluations of data quality in terms of examiner reliability statistics (percent agreements, kappa, and correlation coefficients) for the 1999-2002 NHANES Oral Health Component. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Dye, BA (reprint author), NHANES Program, NCHS, CDC, 3311 Toledo Rd,RM 4416, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM bfd1@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-5661 J9 COMMUNITY DENT ORAL JI Community Dentist. Oral Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00310.x PG 12 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 140YF UT WOS:000244542100007 PM 17331155 ER PT J AU Henneberger, PK AF Henneberger, Paul K. TI Work-exacerbated asthma SO CURRENT OPINION IN ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE asthma; exacerbation; occupational diseases; occupational exposures ID OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; WORKPLACE EXACERBATION; AGGRAVATED ASTHMA; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; GUIDELINES; SYMPTOMS; HEALTH; RISK AB Purpose of review To summarize recent findings on work-exacerbated asthma, based on medical literature published during 2005 and the first 10 months of 2006. Recent findings Although prevalence estimates varied considerably among six recent epidemiologic studies, collectively they contribute to the conclusion that work-exacerbated asthma is common. Median work-exacerbated asthma prevalence estimates were 18% of adults with asthma, 25% of working adults with asthma and 45% of all work-related asthma cases. Work-exacerbated asthma can result from a variety of occupational triggers, including physical factors (e.g. extreme temperatures, exercise), behavioral states (e.g. strong emotions, stress), odors (e.g. perfume), general irritants and dust, and second-hand cigarette smoke. Work-exacerbated asthma cases have many of the same demographic and clinical traits as other adults with asthma and occupational asthma cases, although some differences have been reported. Recent review articles have offered some recommendations on the management of work-exacerbated asthma, but more comprehensive advice is anticipated from a professional medical society in the next few years. Summary Epidemiologic studies indicate that work-exacerbated asthma is common. Researchers have started to pay attention to work-exacerbated asthma, but more studies are needed on all aspects of this condition in order to improve diagnosis, management and prevention. C1 NIOSH, Field Studies Branch, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Henneberger, PK (reprint author), NIOSH, Field Studies Branch, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS H2800,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM pkh0@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1528-4050 J9 CURR OPIN ALLERGY CL JI Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 146 EP 151 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 154UI UT WOS:000245532900004 PM 17351467 ER PT J AU Davis, GL Krawczynski, K Szabo, G AF Davis, Gary L. Krawczynski, Kris Szabo, Gyongyi TI Hepatitis C virus infection - Pathobiology and implications for new therapeutic options SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases Single-Topic Conference on Hepatitis C CY MAY 15, 2005 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis DE hepatitis C; therapy; antivirals ID DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; ALPHA-2A PLUS RIBAVIRIN; SHORT-INTERFERING RNAS; HEPATOMA-CELL LINE; LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; STELLATE CELLS; IN-VITRO; FIBROSIS PROGRESSION; PROTEASE INHIBITOR AB Despite progress in therapeutic approaches for the elimination of hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis C virus infection remains an important cause of liver disease. Therapeutic intervention with the currently available interferon-based treatment regimens is quite successful, but treatment is difficult to tolerate and is contraindicated in many patients. A better understanding of the HCV biology, immunopathology, and liver disease will help to design better therapeutic strategies. The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases sponsored a single-topic conference on hepatitis C virus infection on March 4 and 5, 2005, to enhance our current knowledge in the areas of basic and clinical research related to antiviral and immunomodulatory therapies in hepatitis C disease. The faculty consisted of 23 invited experts in the field of viral hepatitis. The program was divided into four sections including: (a) replicative mechanisms and models; (b) viral-host interactions; and (c) antiviral drug development and new strategies; and (d) back to the bedside-current issues. This report summarizes each of the presentations sections. C1 Baylor Univ, Ctr Med, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Worcester, MA USA. RP Davis, GL (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Ctr Med, 4 Roberts,3500 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. EM garydav@baylorhealth.edu NR 176 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 857 EP 875 DI 10.1007/s10620-006-9484-7 PG 19 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 149FG UT WOS:000245131900001 PM 17333350 ER PT J AU Fulhorst, CF Milazzo, ML Armstrong, LR Childs, JE Rollin, PE Khabbaz, R Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG AF Fulhorst, Charles F. Milazzo, Mary Louise Armstrong, Lori R. Childs, James E. Rollin, Pierre E. Khabbaz, Rima Peters, C. J. Ksiazek, Thomas G. TI Hantavirus and arenavirus antibodies in persons with occupational rodent exposure, North America SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; WHITEWATER ARROYO VIRUS; PULMONARY SYNDROME; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; ORYZOMYS PALUSTRIS; NEW-YORK; INFECTION AB Rodents are the principal hosts of Sin Nombre virus, 4 other hantaviruses known to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in North America, and the 3 North American arenaviruses. Serum samples from 757 persons who had worked with rodents in North America and handled neotomine or sigmodontine rodents were tested for antibodies against Sin Nombre virus, Whitewater Arroyo virus, Guanarito virus, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Antibodies against Sin Nombre virus were found in 4 persons, against Whitewater Arroyo virus or Guanarito virus in 2 persons, and against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in none. These results suggest that risk for infection with hantaviruses or arenaviruses usually is low in persons whose occupations entail close physical contact with neotomine or sigmodontine rodents in North America. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fulhorst, CF (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM cfulhors@utmb.edu RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI041435, AI-41435] NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 532 EP 538 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 155DO UT WOS:000245558200002 PM 17553266 ER PT J AU Haber, MJ Shay, DK Davis, XHM Patel, R Jin, XP Weintraub, E Orenstein, E Thompson, WW AF Haber, Michael J. Shay, David K. Davis, Xiaohong M. Patel, Rajan Jin, Xiaoping Weintraub, Eric Orenstein, Evan Thompson, William W. TI Effectiveness of interventions to reduce contact rates during a simulated influenza pandemic SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; STRATEGIES AB Measures to decrease contact between persons during an influenza pandemic have been included in pandemic response plans. We used stochastic simulation models to explore the effects of school closings, voluntary confinements of ill persons and their household contacts, and reductions in contacts among long-term care facility (LTCF) residents on pandemic-related illness and deaths. Our findings suggest that school closings would not have a substantial effect on pandemic-related outcomes in the absence of measures to reduce out-of-school contacts. However, if persons with influenzalike symptoms and their household contacts were encouraged to stay home, then rates of illness and death might be reduced by approximate to 50%. By preventing ill LTCF residents from making contact with other residents, illness and deaths in this vulnerable population might be reduced by approximate to 60%. Restricting the activities of infected persons early in a pandemic could decrease the pandemic's health effects. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Haber, MJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mhaber@sph.emory.edu RI Orenstein, Evan/F-1954-2013; OI Orenstein, Evan/0000-0003-3756-8575; Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 FU PHS HHS [02IPA09666] NR 20 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 581 EP 589 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 155DO UT WOS:000245558200009 PM 17553273 ER PT J AU Grady, CA de Rochars, MB Direny, AN Orelus, JN Wendt, J Radday, J Mathieu, E Roberts, JM Streit, TG Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ AF Grady, Caroline A. de Rochars, Madsen Beau Direny, Abdel N. Orelus, Jean Nicolas Wendt, Joyanna Radday, Jeanne Mathieu, Els Roberts, Jacquelin M. Streit, Thomas G. Addiss, David G. Lammie, Patrick J. TI Endpoints for lymphatic filariasis programs SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; MASS TREATMENT; LEOGANE; HAITI; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; ALBENDAZOLE; ELIMINATION; IVERMECTIN; COSTS AB In 2000, annual mass administration of diethlycarbamazine and albendazole began in Leogane Commune, Haiti, to interrupt transmission of lymphatic filariasis (LF). After 5 years of treatment, microfilaremia, antigenemia, and mosquito infection rates were significantly reduced, but LF transmission was not interrupted. These finding have implications for other LF elimination programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hosp Ste Croix, Leogane, Haiti. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Lammie, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F13,Bldg 23,Room 1021, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM plammie@cdc.hhs.gov NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 608 EP 610 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 155DO UT WOS:000245558200014 PM 17553278 ER PT J AU Bosch, I Herrera, F Navarro, JC Lentino, M Dupuis, A Maffei, J Jones, M Fernandez, E Perez, N Perez-Eman, J Guimaraes, AE Barrera, R Valero, N Ruiz, J Velasquez, G Martinez, J Comach, G Komar, N Spielman, A Kramer, L AF Bosch, Irene Herrera, Flor Navarro, Juan-Carlos Lentino, Miguel Dupuis, Alan Maffei, Joseph Jones, Matthew Fernandez, Ernesto Perez, Nelson Perez-Eman, Jorge Guimaraes, Anthony Erico Barrera, Roberto Valero, Nereida Ruiz, Johanny Velasquez, Glenda Martinez, Juan Comach, Guillermo Komar, Nicholas Spielman, Andrew Kramer, Laura TI West Nile virus, Venezuela SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; HORSES C1 Univ Carabobo Biomed, Maracaibo, Venezuela. Cent Univ Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. Colec Ornitol Phelps, Caracas, Venezuela. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Cent Univ Venezuela, Maracaibo, Venezuela. Inst Natl Invest Agr, Maracay, Venezuela. Inst Oswaldo Cruz, BR-20001 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. Univ Zulia, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela. Minist Salud Insalud, Carabobo, Venezuela. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Med, Singapore 119074, Singapore. RP Bosch, I (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. EM Irene.bosch@umassmed.edu RI Guimaraes, Anthony/C-2564-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI45440, U01 AI045440] NR 10 TC 42 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 651 EP 653 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 155DO UT WOS:000245558200029 PM 17561567 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Kruszon-Moran, D Wilson, M AF Jones, Jeffrey L. Kruszon-Moran, Deanna Wilson, Marianna TI Toxoplasma gondii prevalence, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JLJones@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 656 EP 657 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 155DO UT WOS:000245558200032 ER PT J AU Greene, S Yartel, A Moriarty, K Nathan, L Salehi, E Tengelsen, L Patel, N Lynch, M AF Greene, Sharon Yartel, Anthony Moriarty, Kerry Nathan, Laura Salehi, Ellen Tengelsen, Leslie Patel, Nehal Lynch, Michael TI Salmonella Kingabwa infections and lizard contact, United States, 2005 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Augusta, ME USA. Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. Idaho Dept Hlth & Welf, Boise, ID USA. RP Greene, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, MS D63,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SGreene1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 661 EP 662 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 155DO UT WOS:000245558200035 PM 17561572 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI The darkest place is under the light house SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 676 EP 677 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 155DO UT WOS:000245558200042 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Kuklenyik, Z Reidy, JA Caudill, SP Tully, JS Needham, LL AF Calafat, Antonia M. Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna Reidy, John A. Caudill, Samuel P. Tully, Jason S. Needham, Larry L. TI Serum concentrations of 11 polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the US population: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; BLOOD-SAMPLES; FLUOROCHEMICALS; EXPOSURE; MORTALITY; EMPLOYEES; FACILITY; HUMANS; ACIDS AB We measured the concentrations of 11 polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs), including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) in 1562 serum samples collected from a representative U.S. population 12 years of age and older in the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants represented both sexes, three race/ethnicities (non-Hispanic blacks, non-Hispanic whites, and Mexican-Americans), and four age categories (12-19 years, 20-39 years, 40-59 years, and 60 years and older). PFCs were extracted from 100 mu L of serum using on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 ng/mL. PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and perfluorooctane sulfonamide were detected in all samples analyzed; 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid, 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid, and perfluorononanoic acid were detected in more than 90% of samples, which suggests prevalent exposures to several PFCs in the U.S. population. The concentrations of most PFCs were similar regardless of the participants' ages but were higher in males than in females. Mexican Americans had lower concentrations than non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites, whose concentrations were similar. Higher education was associated with higher concentrations of PFOS and PFOA. These data will serve as a nationally representative baseline of the U.S. population's exposure to PFCs to which other populations can be compared, and will play an important role in public health by helping set research priorities, ranging from health effects studies to defining sources and pathways of exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 25 TC 216 Z9 223 U1 14 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2237 EP 2242 DI 10.1021/es062686m PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 150ZU UT WOS:000245258900032 PM 17438769 ER PT J AU Tuan, PA Horby, P Dinh, PN Mai, LTQ Zambon, M Shah, J Huy, VQ Bloom, S Gopal, R Comer, J Plant, A AF Tuan, P. A. Horby, P. Dinh, P. N. Mai, L. T. Q. Zambon, M. Shah, J. Huy, V. Q. Bloom, S. Gopal, R. Comer, J. Plant, A. CA WHO SARS Investigation Team TI SARS transmission in Vietnam outside of the health-care setting SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ACUTE-RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME; SYNDROME (SARS)-ASSOCIATED CORONAVIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HONG-KONG; INFECTION; WORKERS; ANTIBODY; SINGAPORE; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE AB To evaluate the risk of transmission of SARS coronavirus outside of the health-care setting, close household and community contacts of laboratory-confirmed SARS cases were identified and followed tip for clinical and laboratory evidence of SARS infection. Individual- and household-level risk factors for transmission were investigated. Nine persons with serological evidence of SARS infection were identified amongst 212 close contacts of 45 laboratory-confirmed SARS cases (secondary attack rate 4.2%, 95% CI 1.5-7). In this cohort, the average number of secondary infections caused by a single infectious case was 0.2. Two community contacts with laboratory evidence of SARS coronavirus infection had mild or sub-clinical infection, representing 3% (2/65) of Vietnamese SARS cases. There was no evidence of transmission of infection before symptom onset. Physically caring for a symptomatic laboratory-confirmed SARS case was the only independent risk factor for SARS transmission (OR 5.78, 95% CI 1.23-24.24). C1 WHO, Hanoi, Vietnam. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Hlth Protect Agcy, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. French Hosp, Hanoi, Vietnam. Curtin Univ Technol, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. RP Horby, P (reprint author), WHO, 63 Tran Hung Dao St, Hanoi, Vietnam. EM peter.horby@gmail.com RI Horby, Peter/D-1585-2013; OI Horby, Peter/0000-0002-9822-1586 NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 2007 VL 135 IS 3 BP 392 EP 401 DI 10.1017/S0950268806006996 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 164GG UT WOS:000246221000004 PM 16870029 ER PT J AU Ram, PK Naheed, A Brooks, WA Hossain, MA Mintz, ED Breiman, RF Luby, SP AF Ram, P. K. Naheed, A. Brooks, W. A. Hossain, M. A. Mintz, E. D. Breiman, R. F. Luby, S. P. TI Risk factors for typhoid fever in a slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID TREATMENT FAILURE; WATER; INDONESIA; DIARRHEA; PAKISTAN; HYGIENE AB We systematically investigated risk factors for typhoid fever in Kamalapur, a poor urban area of Bangladesh, to inform targeted public health measures for its control. We interviewed patients with typhoid fever and two age-matched controls per case about exposures during the 14 days before the onset of illness. The municipal water supply was used by all 41 cases and 81 of 82 controls. In multivariate analysis, drinking unboiled water at home was a significant risk factor [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 12.1, 95% CI 2.2-65.6]. Twenty-three (56%) cases and 21 (26%) controls reported that water from the primary source was foul-smelling (aOR 7.4, 95% CI 2.1-25.4). Eating papaya was associated with illness (aOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.2-22.2). Using a latrine for defecation was significantly protective (aOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.02-0.9). Improved chlorination of the municipal water supply or disinfecting drinking water at the household level may dramatically reduce the risk of typhoid fever in Kamalapur. The protective effect of using latrines, particularly among young children, should be investigated further. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ICDDR B, Programme Infect Dis & Vaccine Sci, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Ram, PK (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Farber Hall,Rm 270, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. EM pkram@buffalo.edu NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 2007 VL 135 IS 3 BP 458 EP 465 DI 10.1017/S0950268806007114 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 164GG UT WOS:000246221000012 PM 16893490 ER PT J AU Coronado, F Nicholas, JA Wallace, BJ Kohlerschmidt, DJ Musser, K Schoonmaker-Bopp, DJ Zimmerman, SM Boller, AR Jernigan, DB Kacica, MA AF Coronado, F. Nicholas, J. A. Wallace, B. J. Kohlerschmidt, D. J. Musser, K. Schoonmaker-Bopp, D. J. Zimmerman, S. M. Boller, A. R. Jernigan, D. B. Kacica, M. A. TI Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections in a religious community SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FOOTBALL TEAM; RISK-FACTORS; OUTBREAK; MRSA; COLONIZATION; CONTAMINATION; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBIOTICS AB In September 2004, an outbreak of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) was reported among members of a religious community. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on all 175 community members; performed a nasal carriage survey, and environmental swab testing. We identified 24 MRSA cases (attack rate 14%). In multivariate analysis, sauna use [odds ratio (OR) 19.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7-206.1] and antimicrobial use within 12 months before infection (OR 11.7, 95% CI 2.9-47.6) were risk factors for infection. MRSA nasal carriage rate was 0-6% (1/174). Nine of 10 clinical isolates and an isolate from an administrative office within the community had the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type USA300. Targeted hygiene improvement, wound care, and environmental cleaning were implemented. We describe the first reported outbreak of MRSA SSTI in a religious community. Adherence to appropriate personal and environmental hygiene might be critical factors in controlling transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Albany, NY 12237 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Coronado, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E-92, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fcoronado@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 2007 VL 135 IS 3 BP 492 EP 501 DI 10.1017/S0950268806006960 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 164GG UT WOS:000246221000015 PM 16870028 ER PT J AU Apopa, PL Lin, GX He, XQ Ma, Q AF Apopa, Patrick Leo Lin, Gary Xiong He, Xiaoqing Ma, Qiang TI Phosphorylation of Nrf2 in the transcription activation domain by casein kinase 2 (CK2) is critical for the nuclear translocation and transcription activation function of Nrf2 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 NIOSH, CDC, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A287 EP A287 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502223 ER PT J AU Erdely, A Kepka-Lenhart, D Salmen, R Chapman, R Hulderman, T Morris, SM Simeonova, P AF Erdely, Aaron Kepka-Lenhart, Diane Salmen, Rebecca Chapman, Rebecca Hulderman, Tracy Morris, Sidney M., Jr. Simeonova, Petia TI Systemic changes in arginase and arginine metabolism in a model of atherosclerosis: a comparison of apoE-/- and C57 mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 CDC, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26508 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RI Erdely, Aaron/A-3518-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1404 EP A1404 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708705361 ER PT J AU Fazili, Z Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, M Gallagher, M Nikolova, S Koontz, D AF Fazili, Zia Pfeiffer, Christine M. Zhang, Mindy Gallagher, Margaret Nikolova, Stanimila Koontz, Deborah TI Influence of MTHFR genotype on whole blood folate measured by LC/MS/MS, microbiologic and BioRad assay SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan Toxicants & Nutrit Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A348 EP A349 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502519 ER PT J AU He, XQ Lin, GX Chen, MG Ma, Q AF He, Xiaoqing Lin, Gary X. Chen, Michael G. Ma, Qiang TI Protection against Chromium (VI)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by Nrf2. recruiting Nrf2 into the nucleus and disrupting the nuclear Nrf2/Keap1 association by toxic metal SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol Mol,Receptor Biol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1181 EP A1181 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708703429 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Johnson, CL Jain, RB Yetley, EA Picciano, MF Rader, JI Fisher, KD Mulinare, J Osterloh, JD AF Pfeiffer, Christine M. Johnson, Clifford L. Jain, Ram B. Yetley, Elizabeth A. Picciano, Mary Frances Rader, Jeanne I. Fisher, Ken D. Mulinare, Joe Osterloh, John D. TI Trends in blood folate levels in the United States, 1988-2004 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HYAT Bldg 4, Hyattsville, MD USA. NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. Food & Drug Adm, CPK1, College Pk, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EXPK Bldg 12, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A104 EP A104 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708500500 ER PT J AU Ryan, MJ Dudash, HJ Docherty, ME Geronilla, KB Baker, BA Cutlip, RG Alway, S AF Ryan, Michael James Dudash, Holly J. Docherty, Megan E. Geronilla, Kenneth B. Baker, Brent A. Cutlip, Robert G. Alway, Stephen TI Effects of antioxidant supplementation and repetitive loading on biomarkers of oxidative stress in aged and young adult rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Wesleyan Coll, Dept Chem, Buckhannon, WV 26201 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A814 EP A814 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708700373 ER PT J AU Rybak, ME Jain, RB Pfeiffer, CM AF Rybak, Michael E. Jain, Ram B. Pfeiffer, Christine M. TI Vitamin B6 dietary intake: Trends from the 1999-2000, 2001-2002 and 2003-2004 National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Nat Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A346 EP A346 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502509 ER PT J AU Tao, M Eberhardt, M McDowell, M Saydah, S AF Tao, Min Eberhardt, Mark McDowell, Margaret Saydah, Sharon TI The association between dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PN) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A115 EP A116 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708500552 ER PT J AU Vesper, H Slimani, N Hallmans, G Tjonneland, A Stromberg, U AF Vesper, Hubert Slimani, Nadia Hallmans, Gran Tjonneland, Ann Stroemberg, Ulf TI Assessment of acrylamide exposure in a population subgroup from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 CDC, NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. IARC, Lyon 69372, France. Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Danish Canc Soc, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, S-22185 Lund, Sweden. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1098 EP A1098 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708703043 ER PT J AU Wilger, J Radimer, K Burt, V Dwyer, J AF Wilger, Jaime Radimer, Kathy Burt, Vicki Dwyer, Johanna TI Developing a questionnaire,to assess reasons for dietary supplement use. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) pilot study 2006 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A708 EP A708 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708505535 ER PT J AU Hyytia-Trees, EK Cooper, K Ribot, EM Gerner-Smidt, P AF Hyytiae-Trees, Eija K. Cooper, Kara Ribot, Efrain M. Gerner-Smidt, Peter TI Recent developments and future prospects in subtyping of foodborne bacterial pathogens SO FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE foodborne bacteria; MALDI-TOF; microarray; multilocus; sequence typing; multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis; PulseNet; single nucleotide; polymorphism; subtyping ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DESORPTION IONIZATION-TIME; TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEQUENCE TYPING SYSTEM; VARIABLE-NUMBER; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI AB Infections caused by foodborne bacterial pathogens continue to be a major public health issue around the world. During the past decade, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has become the gold standard for molecular subtyping and source tracking of most foodborne bacteria. Owing to problems inherent in PFGE technology, new methods have been developed focusing on DNA sequence-based subtyping. This review discusses the feasibility of using multilocus sequence typing, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis, single nucleotide polymorphisms, microarrays, whole genome sequencing and mass spectrometry for subtyping foodborne bacterial pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hyytia-Trees, EK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop CO3,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ehyytia-trees@cdc.gov NR 59 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 12 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1746-0913 J9 FUTURE MICROBIOL JI Future Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.2217/17460913.2.2.175 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 205MA UT WOS:000249116800012 PM 17661654 ER PT J AU Ko, CW Riffle, S Shapiro, JA Saunders, MD Lee, SD Tung, BY Kuver, R Larson, AM Kowdley, KV Kimmey, MB AF Ko, Cynthia W. Riffle, Stacy Shapiro, Jean A. Saunders, Michael D. Lee, Scott D. Tung, Bruce Y. Kuver, Rahul Larson, Anne M. Kowdley, Kris V. Kimmey, Michael B. TI Incidence of minor complications and time lost from normal activities after screening or surveillance colonoscopy SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ENDOSCOPY; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; PERFORATION; RISK AB Background: Few studies address the development of minor complications after screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Objectives: Our purpose was to examine in previously asymptomatic people the incidence of new symptoms after colonoscopy, risk factors for symptoms, and patients' perceptions of this examination. Design: Prospective cohort study Patients completed a standardized interview at 7 and 30 days after colonoscopy. Patients: A total of 502 patients aged 40 years and older undergoing colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening, surveillance, or follow-up of another abnormal screening test result. Patients were excluded if they had a history of inflammatory bowel disease, visible GI bleeding, or anemia. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence of minor complications and patient perceptions about colonoscopy. Results: Minor complications occurred in 162 subjects (34%) before day 7 and in 29 subjects (6%) between day 7 and day 30, most commonly bloating (25%) and abdominal pain (11%). Six subjects had unexpected emergency department visits or hospitalizations within 30 days, including 2 with postpolypectomy bleeding. On multivariate analysis, minor complications were more common in women (odds ratio 1.78, 95% CI 1.21-2.62) and when the procedure lasted 20 minutes or longer. Bowel preparation was rated the most difficult part of the examination for 77%. Most subjects (94%) lost 2 or fewer days from normal activities for the colonoscopy itself, preparation, or recovery. Conclusions: Minor complications were common after screening and surveillance colonoscopy. The bowel preparation was the most difficult part of the examination for most patients. Most subjects lost 2 or fewer days from normal activities because of colonoscopy. C1 Univ Washington, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ko, CW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Med, Box 356424, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [1-U48-DP-000050]; NCI NIH HHS [1 K07 CA089218]; PHS HHS [U48/CCU009654] NR 17 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 65 IS 4 BP 648 EP 656 DI 10.1016/j.gie.2006.06.020 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 154OE UT WOS:000245516100015 PM 17173914 ER PT J AU Hornbrook, MC Whitlock, EP Berg, CJ Callaghan, WM Bachman, DJ Gold, R Bruce, FC Dietz, PM Williams, SB AF Hornbrook, Mark C. Whitlock, Evelyn P. Berg, Cynthia J. Callaghan, William M. Bachman, Donald J. Gold, Rachel Bruce, F. Carol Dietz, Patricia M. Williams, Selvi B. TI Development of an algorithm to identify pregnancy episodes in an integrated health care delivery system SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; maternal morbidities; research methods; episode grouper software; validity studies ID WOMEN AB Objective. To develop and validate a software algorithm to detect pregnancy episodes and maternal morbidities using automated data. Data Sources/Study Setting. Automated records from a large integrated health care delivery system (IHDS), 1998-2001. Study Design. Through complex linkages of multiple automated information sources, the algorithm estimated pregnancy histories. We evaluated the algorithm's accuracy by comparing selected elements of the pregnancy history obtained by the algorithm with the same elements manually abstracted from medical records by trained research staff. Data Collection/Extraction Methods. The algorithm searched for potential pregnancy indicators within diagnosis and procedure codes, as well as laboratory tests, pharmacy dispensings, and imaging procedures associated with pregnancy. Principal Findings. Among 32,847 women with potential pregnancy indicators, we identified 24,680 pregnancies occuring to 21,001 women. Percent agreement between the algorithm and medical records review on pregnancy outcome, gestational age, and pregnancy outcome date ranged from 91 percent to 98 percent. The validation results were used to refine the algorithm. Conclusions. This pregnancy episode grouper algorithm takes advantage of databases readily available in IHDS, and has important applications for health system management and clinical care. It can be used in other settings for ongoing surveillance and research on pregnancy outcomes, pregnancy-related morbidities, costs, and care patterns. C1 Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR 97227 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Hornbrook, MC (reprint author), Ctr Hlth Res, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 USA. FU PHS HHS [CDC 200-2001-0074] NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 908 EP 927 DI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00635.x PG 20 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 144KU UT WOS:000244795700017 PM 17362224 ER PT J AU Davis, RR Kuo, MW Stanton, SG Canlon, B Krieg, E Alagramam, KN AF Davis, Rickie R. Kuo, Ming-Wen Stanton, Susan G. Canlon, Barbara Krieg, Edward Alagramam, Kumar N. TI N-Acetyl L-cysteine does not protect against premature age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice: A pilot study SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Pharmcological Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Hearing Loss and Tinnitus CY OCT 12, 2005 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA SP Amer Bio Hlth, Auris Med, CepTor, State Univ New York Buffalo, Col Arts & Sci, John R Oishei Fdn, Kinex Pharmaceut, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Off Naval Res, Sound Pharmaceut, Spectra Serv, Tucker Davis Technol, US Army Med Res & Mat Command DE presbycusis; age-related; hearing loss; mouse; reactive oxygen species; cochleogram; auditory brainstem response ID MOUSE; STRAINS; CELLS AB A compound capable of preventing age-related hearing loss would be very useful in an aging population. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (L-NAC) has been shown to be protective against noise exposure, a condition that leads to increased oxidative stress. Not withstanding environmental factors, there is evidence that age-related hearing loss (AHL) in the mouse is linked to more than one genetic loci and, by extension, in humans. Our hypothesis is that AHL defect results in increased sensitivity to oxidative stress and L-NAC would be able to protect the hearing of a mouse model of pre-mature AHL, the C57BL/6J (136) mouse strain. L-NAC was added to the regular water bottle of B6 mice (experimental group) and available ad lib. The other group received normal tap water. Hearing was tested monthly by the ability to generate the auditory brainstem response (ABR). After the final ABR test, mice were sacrificed by an overdose of Avertin, ears were harvested and hair cell loss was quantified. There was no difference in ABR thresholds or in histopathology between the control group and the group receiving L-NAC in their drinking water. In contrast to the protective effects Of L-NAC against noise-induced hearing loss, the lack of protective effect in this study may be due to (i) the dosage level; (ii) the duration of treatment; (iii) the biochemical mechanisms underlying age-induced hearing loss; or (iv) how the mouse metabolizes L-NAC. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Engn & Phys Hazard Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Med, Coll Allied Hlth Sci, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. Case Western Reserve Univ, HNS, Dept Otolaryngol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Davis, RR (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Engn & Phys Hazard Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, C-27,Columbia Pjwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rrd1@cdc.gov RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008; OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC05385] NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 226 IS 1-2 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.heares.2006.07.003 PG 6 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 162UW UT WOS:000246116000020 PM 16930891 ER PT J AU Allen, AS Satten, GA AF Allen, Andrew S. Satten, Glen A. TI Statistical models for haplotype sharing in case-parent trio data SO HUMAN HEREDITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th European Mathematical Genetics Meeting CY APR 06-07, 2006 CL Cardiff, WALES DE haplotype sharing; haplotype similarity; case-parent data; genetic association; Crohn's disease; family-based association test ID ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE; NUCLEAR FAMILIES; DISEASE; ASSOCIATION; GENES AB Background: Haplotype sharing statistics have been introduced in an ad-hoc way, often relying heavily on permutation testing. As a result, applying these approaches to whole genome association studies or to evaluate their properties in extensive simulation experiments is problematic. Further, permutation testing may be inappropriate in the presence of phase ambiguity and population stratification. Aims: To present a simple framework for a class of haplotype sharing statistics useful for association mapping in case- parent trio data. This framework allows derivation of novel haplotype sharing tests as well as simple variance estimators and asymptotic distributions for haplotype sharing tests. Results and Conclusions: We validated that our approach is appropriately sized using simulated data, and illustrate the methodology by analyzing a Crohn's disease dataset. We find that haplotype-based analyses are much more powerful than single-locus analyses for these data. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Biostat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Satten, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop K-23,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM gas0@cdc.gov OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K25 HL077663] NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0001-5652 J9 HUM HERED JI Hum. Hered. PD APR PY 2007 VL 64 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1159/000101421 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 164CW UT WOS:000246211300004 PM 17483595 ER PT J AU Ayash-Rashkovsky, M Chenine, AL Steele, LN Lee, SJ Song, RJ Ong, H Rasmussen, RA Hofmann-Lehmann, R Else, JG Augostini, P McClure, HM Secor, WE Ruprecht, RM AF Ayash-Rashkovsky, Mila Chenine, Agnes-Laurence Steele, Lisa N. Lee, Sandra J. Song, Ruijiang Ong, Helena Rasmussen, Robert A. Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina Else, James G. Augostini, Peter McClure, Harold M. Secor, W. Evan Ruprecht, Ruth M. TI Coinfection with Schistosoma mansoni reactivates viremia in rhesus macaques with chronic simian-human immunodeficiency virus clade C infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC IMMUNE ACTIVATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HIV-1 RNA; T-CELLS; HELMINTH INFECTION; LONGITUDINAL DATA; ADULT MACAQUES; MACACA MULATTA; INDIVIDUALS AB We tested the hypothesis that helminth parasite coinfection would intensify viremia and accelerate disease progression in monkeys chronically infected with an R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) encoding a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (IHV-1) clade C envelope. Fifteen rhesus monkeys with stable SHIV-1157ip infection were enrolled into a prospective, randomized trial. These seropositive animals had undetectable viral RNA and no signs of immunodeficiency. Seven animals served as virus-only controls; eight animals were exposed to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. From week 5 after parasite exposure onward, coinfected animals shed eggs in their feces, developed eosinophilia, and had significantly higher mRNA expression of the T-helper type 2 cytokine interleukin-4 (P = 0.001) than animals without schistosomiasis. Compared to virus-only controls, viral replication was significantly increased in coinfected monkeys (P = 0.012), and the percentage of their CD4(+) CD29(+) memory cells decreased over time (P = 0.05). Thus, S. mansoni coinfection significantly increased viral replication and induced T-cell subset alterations in monkeys with chronic SHIV clade C infection. C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Zurich, Vetsuisse Fac, Clin Lab, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Ruprecht, RM (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, 44 Binney St,JFB809, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ruth_ruprecht@dfci.harvard.edu RI Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina/C-6528-2009 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR000165]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI048240, P01 AI 48240, R56 AI062515, R56 AI 062515] NR 44 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1751 EP 1756 DI 10.1128/IAI.01703-06 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 153GY UT WOS:000245421400024 PM 17283092 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DM Bancroft, E Mascola, L Guevara, R Yasuda, L AF Nguyen, Dao M. Bancroft, Elizabeth Mascola, Laurene Guevara, Ramon Yasuda, Lori TI Risk factors for neonatal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a well-infant nursery SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES; COLONIZATION; NEWBORN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EMERGENCE; SURVIVAL; CARE; MRSA AB Objective. To determine risk factors for neonatal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) skin and soft-tissue infection in a well-infant nursery. Design. Case-control studies. Setting. A well-infant nursery in a nonteaching, community hospital. Methods. Case infants were newborns in the nursery who were born in the period November 2003 through June 2004 and had onset of MRSA skin and soft-tissue infection within 21 days after discharge from the nursery. Site inspections were conducted. Control infants were randomly selected male infants in the nursery during the outbreak periods. MRSA isolates were characterized with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results. Eleven case infants were identified in 2 outbreaks: outbreak 1 occurred from November 18 through December 24, 2003, and outbreak 2 occurred from May 26 through June 5, 2004. All were full-term male infants with pustular-vesicular lesions in the groin. Inspection revealed uncovered circumcision equipment, multiple-dose lidocaine vials, and inadequate hand hygiene practices. In outbreak 1, case infants (n=6) had a significantly higher mean length of stay than control infants ( 3.7 vs 2.5 days;). In outbreak 2, case infants (n=5) were more likely to have been circumcised in the nursery ( OR, undefined [ 95% CI, 1.7 to undefined]) and to have received lidocaine injections ( OR, undefined [ 95% CI, 2.6 to undefined]). Controlling for length of stay, case infants were more likely to have been circumcised in the nursery ( OR, 12.2 [ 95% CI, 1.5 to undefined]). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that 7 available isolates were indistinguishable from a community-associated MRSA strain ( USA300-0114). Conclusions. Newborns in well-infant nurseries are at risk for nosocomial infection with community-associated MRSA strains. Reducing length of stay, improving circumcision and hand hygiene practices, and eliminating use of multiple-dose lidocaine vials should decrease transmission of community-associated MRSA strains in nurseries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Nguyen, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dao.nguyen@kp.org NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 4 BP 406 EP 411 DI 10.1086/513122 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NN UT WOS:000249121000007 PM 17385145 ER PT J AU Herrinton, LJ Liu, LY Lafata, JE Allison, JE Andrade, SE Korner, EJ Chan, KA Platt, R Hiatt, D O'Connor, S AF Herrinton, Lisa J. Liu, Liyan Lafata, Jennifer Elston Allison, James E. Andrade, Susan E. Korner, Eli. J. Chan, K. Arnold Platt, Richard Hiatt, Deborah O'Connor, Siobhan TI Estimation of the period prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease among nine health plans using computerized diagnoses and outpatient pharmacy dispensings SO INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES LA English DT Article DE inflammatory bowel disease; epidemiology; predictive values; sensitivity; prevalence ID ADMINISTRATIVE DATABASES; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; OLMSTED COUNTY; CROHNS-DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MINNESOTA; SURVIVAL AB Background: There are few contemporary estimates of prevalence rates for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in diverse North American communities. Methods: We estimated the period prevalence of IBD for January 1, 1999, through June 30, 2001, among 1.8 million randomly sampled members of nine integrated healthcare organizations in the US using computerized diagnoses and outpatient pharmaceutical dispensing. We also assessed the positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivities of 1) the case-finding algorithm, and 2) the 30-month sampling period using medical chart review and linkage to a 78-month dataset, respectively. Results: The PPV of the case-finding algorithm was 81% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78-87) and 84% (95% CI, 79-89) in two different organizations. In both, the sensitivity of the optimal algorithm, compared with the most inclusive, exceeded 90%. The sensitivity of the 30-month sampling period compared with 78 months was 61% (95% CI, 57-64) in one organization. Applying a slightly more sensitive case-finding algorithm, the average period prevalence of IBD across the nine organizations, standardized to the age- and gender-distribution of the US population, 2000 census, was 388 cases (95% CI, 378-397) per 100,000 persons (range 209-784 per 100,000; average follow-up 26 months). The prevalence of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and unspecified IBD was 129, 19 1, and 69 per 100,000, respectively. Conclusions: The observed average prevalence was similar to prevalence proportions reported for other North American populations (369-408 per 100,000). Additional research is needed to understand differences in the occurrence of IBD among diverse populations as well as practice variation in diagnosis and treatment of IBD. C1 Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. HMO Res Network CERT, Detroit, MI USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. HMO Res Network CERT, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Meyers Primary Care Inst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Fallon Fdn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. HMO Res Network CERT, Aurora, CO USA. Kaiser Permanente, Clin Res Unit, Aurora, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Pharm, Denver, CO USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. HMO Res Network CERT, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Herrinton, LJ (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM Lisa.Herrinton@kp.org NR 13 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1078-0998 J9 INFLAMM BOWEL DIS JI Inflamm. Bowel Dis. PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 451 EP 461 DI 10.1002/ibd.20021 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 156XU UT WOS:000245684000013 PM 17219403 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ Annest, JL AF Paulozzi, Leonard J. Annest, Joseph L. TI US data show sharply rising drug-induced death rates SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Substantial numbers of deaths are related to disease and injury resulting from the use of drugs, alcohol and firearms worldwide. Death rates associated with these exposures were compared with those from motor vehicle crashes in the US from 1979 to 2003 by race. Among Caucasians, drug-induced death rates rose sharply after 1990 and surpassed deaths involving alcohol and firearms in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Among African-Americans, drug-induced deaths surpassed alcohol-induced deaths for the first time in 1999. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lbp4@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 130 EP 132 DI 10.1136/ip.2006.014357 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 158XY UT WOS:000245830100013 PM 17446255 ER PT J AU Lynn, TV Bruce, MG Landen, M Beller, M Bulkow, L Gold, B Parkinson, A AF Lynn, Tracey V. Bruce, Michael G. Landen, Michael Beller, Michael Bulkow, Lisa Gold, Ben Parkinson, Alan TI Helicobacter pylori infection among non-Native educators in Alaska SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Helicobacter pylori; seroprevalence; non-Native; risk factors; Alaska; educators ID NONULCER DYSPEPSIA; HIGH PREVALENCE; ERADICATION; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GASTRITIS; CHILDREN; TRIAL; CURE AB Objectives. To determine seroprevalence of H. pylori infection in non-Native educators residing in urban or rural settings in Alaska, and to determine potential risk factors associated with infection in this population. Study design. A cross-sectional survey of non-Native educators residing in urban or rural settings in Alaska. Methods. Participants completed a questionnaire detailing aspects of residential life; H. pylori antibody status was determined by a commercial assay. Results. Of the 203 non-Native participants, 49 (24%) had antibody to H. pylori. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the mean age of seropositive participants was higher than of seronegatives (48 vs. 42 years, respectively, p = .001). In addition, participants who had experienced childhood crowding were more likely to test seropositive for H. pylori (p = .058). On multivariate analysis, only age : 40 was associated with infection. No difference in median hemoglobin or ferritin levels were noted among seropositive and seronegative participants. There was no increased risk of seropositivity among participants who had lived in an Alaska Native village or in a developing country for >= 6 months. Conclusions. Overall, 24% of non-Native educators residing in rural Alaska tested positive by serology for H. pylori. Age ! 40 years was associated with infection. Median hemoglobin or ferritin levels did not differ significantly among seropositive and seronegative participants. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bruce, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM zwa8@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH PUBLISHERS PI OULU PA AAPISTIE1, OULU, FIN-90220, FINLAND SN 1239-9736 J9 INT J CIRCUMPOL HEAL JI Int. J. Circumpolar Health PD APR PY 2007 VL 66 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 166SJ UT WOS:000246400000006 PM 17515253 ER PT J AU Sacco, F Bruce, MG McMahon, BJ Bruden, D AF Sacco, Frank Bruce, Michael G. McMahon, Brian J. Bruden, Dana TI A prospective evaluation of 200 upper endoscopies performed in Alaska Native persons SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ulcer; Helicobacter pylori; gastritis; endoscopy; gastric cancer; Alaska Native ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; POPULATION; ULCER; RISK AB Objectives. To characterize the nature and prevalence of disease in Alaska Native patients referred for evaluation of upper gastrointestinal signs and symptoms. Study Design. Cross-sectional. Methods. Two hundred consecutive Alaska Native patients referred to a statewide tertiary center were prospectively evaluated. A standardized data collection form documenting EGD findings was utilized. Routine biopsies of the antrum and fundus were taken on all patients. Additional tissue was obtained from any areas of clinical concern. Results. Among 200 patients who underwent EGD during the study period, 130 (65%) tested H. pylori-positive on histology. Among 173 patients with histologic evidence of gastritis, 114 (66%) tested H. pylori-positive on histology. Chronic gastritis (87%), gastric ulcer (GU 12%), duodenal ulcer (DU 3%) and gastric cancer (2%) were the predominant findings. The GU:DU ratio was 4:1, the inverse of that reported in the general U.S. population. Conclusions. Alaska Native patients referred for upper endoscopy have a high rate of H. pylori infection with predominantly gastric manifestations of disease and a GU:DU ratio, which is the inverse of what is typically seen in the U.S. and other developed countries. The high prevalence of H. pylori in Alaska Native patients resembles prevalence patterns reported from developing countries and may be linked to a rate of gastric cancer that is over three times that found in the U.S. population at large. C1 Alaska Native Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Dept Med, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Sacco, F (reprint author), Alaska Native Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 4315 Diplomacy Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM fsacco@anmc.org NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH PUBLISHERS PI OULU PA AAPISTIE1, OULU, FIN-90220, FINLAND SN 1239-9736 J9 INT J CIRCUMPOL HEAL JI Int. J. Circumpolar Health PD APR PY 2007 VL 66 IS 2 BP 144 EP 152 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 166SJ UT WOS:000246400000007 PM 17515254 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Little, J Gwinn, M Ioannidis, JPA AF Khoury, Muin J. Little, Julian Gwinn, Marta Ioannidis, John P. A. TI On the synthesis and interpretation of consistent but weak gene-disease associations in the era of genome-wide association studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiological methods; genomics; risk ratios; genome-wide analysis ID COMPLEX DISEASES; CAUSAL INFERENCE; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; COMMON DISEASES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; VARIANT; FALSE; RISK; NEED AB Emerging technologies are allowing researchers to study hundreds of thousands of genetic variants simultaneously as risk factors for Common complex diseases. Both theoretical considerations and empirical evidence suggest that specific genetic variants causally associated with common diseases will have small effects (risk ratios mostly <2.0). However, the combination of even a few small effects (e.g. effects of fewer than 20 common genetic variants) could account for a sizeable population attributable fraction of common diseases and shed important light on disease pathogenesis and environmental determinants. Nevertheless, the inauguration of genome-wide association studies only magnifies the challenge of differentiating between the expected, true weak associations from the numerous spurious effects caused by misclassification, confounding and significance-chasing biases. Standards are urgently needed for presenting and interpreting cumulative evidence on gene-disease associations, especially for consistent but weak associations. Criteria for synthesis of the evidence should include sound methods for study conduct and analysis, biological plausibility, experimental evidence and adequate replication in large-scale, collaborative studies. Efforts by the Human Genome Epidemiology Network (HuGENet) are currently ongoing to streamline and operationalize these criteria for data on genetic associations with common diseases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Canada Res Chair Human Genome Epidemiol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mkhoury@cdc.gov RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011 NR 65 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 439 EP 445 DI 10.1093/ije/dyl253 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 190TT UT WOS:000248084200036 PM 17182636 ER PT J AU Moore, JE Millar, BC Kenny, F Lowery, CJ Xiao, LH Rao, JR Nicholson, V Watabe, M Heaney, N Sunnotel, O McCorry, K Rooney, PJ Snelling, WJ Dooley, JSG AF Moore, John E. Millar, Beverley Cherie Kenny, Fiona Lowery, Colm J. Xiao, Lihua Rao, Juluri R. Nicholson, Vera Watabe, Miyuki Heaney, Neville Sunnotel, Olaf McCorry, Kieran Rooney, Paul J. Snelling, William J. Dooley, James S. G. TI Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in lettuce SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE animal waste; horticulture; isolation; outbreak; parasite; PCR; sewage ID FRESH VEGETABLES; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; GIARDIA CYSTS; COSTA-RICA; OUTBREAK; OOCYSTS; WATER; INFECTION; CYCLOSPORA; MICROSPORIDIA AB Human cryptosporidiosis has emerged as an important gastrointestinal infection in the 1990s as a result of the ingestion of mainly contaminated water and to a lesser extent foodstuffs containing the protozoan parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum. This pathogen has particular clinical significance for immunocompromised persons, including AIDS patients and cancer patients receiving toxic chemotherapeutic drug regimens. There have been a limited number of studies performed examining the occurrence of the parasite on vegetables, including lettuce. Detection rates are very dependent on the laboratory isolation technique employed and has ranged from 1.2% to 14.5%. Current best practice of laboratory recovery, isolation and detection methods include detergent removal, oocysts concentration by immunomagnetic separation, followed by a combination of immunofluorescent microscopy and a nested PCR approach. Employment of contaminated non-potable water in the production of vegetables, particularly lettuce, may represent an important potential source of entry of pathogens into food processing and the human food chain. Given that lettuce is an important constituent of hamburger dressing, and the size of the fast-food industry, where lettuce is an important constituent, horticultural producers of lettuce should therefore place special emphasis on developing suitable and efficient Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point strategies for the critical control of oocysts depending on the type of unit operation employed and vegetable being processed. This review aims to examine (i) the incidence of C. parvum in vegetables, particularly lettuce and (ii) laboratory detection methods for the isolation and identification of this parasite from lettuce. C1 Belfast City Hosp, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Dept Bacteriol, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. Sligo Publ Hlth Lab, Sligo, Ireland. Univ Ulster, Sch Biomed Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. AFBI, Appl Plant Sci Res Div, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Moore, JE (reprint author), Belfast City Hosp, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Dept Bacteriol, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. EM jemoore@niphl.dnet.co.uk RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Dooley, James/0000-0002-9459-5572 NR 53 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 BP 385 EP 393 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01235.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 149QJ UT WOS:000245161400001 ER PT J AU Faissol, DM Swann, JL Kolodziejski, B Griffin, PM Gift, TL AF Faissol, Daniel M. Swann, Julie L. Kolodziejski, Brian Griffin, Paul M. Gift, Thomas L. TI The role of bathhouses and sex clubs in HIV transmission - Findings from a mathematic model SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention Convention CY MAY 08-11, 2006 CL Jacksonville, FL DE bathhouse; Bernoulli process; condom use; HIV prevalence; mathematic model; sex clubs; syphilis ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; GAY BATHHOUSES; SAN-FRANCISCO; UNITED-STATES; RISK BEHAVIOR; BISEXUAL MEN; PREVENTION; PARTNERS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC AB Bathhouses and sex clubs were identified as primary venues for HIV transmission during the original HIV epidemic. Because HIV incidence is increasing in some high-risk groups, their potential role in HIV transmission is being examined again. We present an extension of the Bernoulli process model of HIV transmission to incorporate subpopulations with different behaviors in sex acts, condom use, and choice of partners in a single period of time. With this model, we study the role that bathhouses and sex clubs play in HIV transmission using data from the 1997 Urban Men's Health Study. If sexual activity remains the same, we find that bathhouse closures would likely lead to a small increase in HIV transmission in the period examined by this study, although this impact is less than that which would be achieved through a 1 % change in current condom use rates. If, conversely, bathhouse closure leads to a reduction of the sexual activity that was in the bathhouse by at least 2%, HIV transmission would be lowered. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, H Milton Stewart Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Swann, JL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, H Milton Stewart Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jswann@isye.gatech.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01-MH54320] NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 386 EP 394 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31803220dd PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 146CW UT WOS:000244913100003 PM 17279050 ER PT J AU Lyss, SB Branson, BM Kroc, KA Couture, EF Newman, DR Weinstein, RA AF Lyss, Sheryl B. Branson, Bernard M. Kroc, Karen A. Couture, Eileen F. Newman, Daniel R. Weinstein, Robert A. TI Detecting unsuspected HIV infection with a rapid whole-blood HIV test in an urban emergency department SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE emergency medicine; health care; HIV; HIV diagnostic tests; screening; seroprevalence ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; OF-CARE; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL-CARE; RISK; ROUTINE; HEALTH; WOMEN AB Objective: To evaluate and compare HIV screening and provide-rreferred diagnostic testing as strategies for detecting undiagnosed HIV infection in an urban emergency department (ED). Methods: From January 2003 through April 2004, study staff offered HIV screening with rapid tests to ED patients regardless of risks or symptoms. ED providers Could also refer patients for diagnostic testing. Patients aged 18 to 54 years Without known HIV infection were eligible. Results: Of 4849 eligible patients approached for screening, 2824 (58%) accepted and were tested; 414 (95%) of 436 provider-referred patients accepted and were tested. Thirty-five (1.2%) screened patients and 48 (11.6%) provider-referred patients were infected with HIV (P < 0.001). Of these, 18 (51%) screened patients and 24 (50%) referred patients reported no traditional risk factors; 27 (77%) screened patients and 38 (79%) referred patients entered HIV care. Of HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts available, 14 (45%) of 31 screened patients and 37 (82%) of 45 provider-referred patients had < 200 cells/mu L (P < 0.001). Conclusions: ED screening detects HIV infection and links to care patients who may not be tested through risk- or symptorn-based strategies. The diagnostic yield was higher among provider-referred patients, but screening detected patients earlier in the course of disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ruth M Rothstein CORE Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Dept Emergency Med, Chicago, IL USA. Rush Univ, Dept Med, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA. RP Lyss, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM slyss@cdc.gov NR 65 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31802f83d0 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 146CW UT WOS:000244913100010 PM 17224850 ER PT J AU Forna, F Liechty, CA Solberg, P Asiimwe, F Were, W Mermin, J Behumbiize, P Tong, T Brooks, JT Weidle, PJ AF Forna, Fatu Liechty, Cheryl A. Solberg, Peter Asiimwe, Fred Were, Willy Mermin, Jonathan Behumbiize, Prosper Tong, Tony Brooks, John T. Weidle, Paul J. TI Clinical toxicity of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a home-based AIDS care program in rural Uganda SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE Africa; antiretroviral therapy; rural; side effects; toxicity; Uganda ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; RISK-FACTORS; HIV-1 INFECTION; PHASE-I; NEVIRAPINE; LAMIVUDINE; STAVUDINE; REGIMENS; EFAVIRENZ AB Background: We evaluated clinical toxicity in HIV-infected persons receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Uganda. Methods: From May 2003 through December 2004, adults with a CD4 cell count <= 250 cells/mu L or World Health Organization stage 3/4 HIV disease were prescribed ART. We calculated probabilities for time to toxicity and single-drug substitution as well as multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for development of toxicity. Results: ART (stavudine plus lamivudine with nevirapine [96%] or efavirenz [4%]) was prescribed for 1029 adults, contributing 11,268 person-months of observation. Toxicities developed in 543 instances in 411 (40%) patients (incidence rate = 4.47/100 person-months): 36% peripheral neuropathy (9% severe); 6% rash (2% severe); 2% hypersensitivity reaction; <= 0.5% acute hepatitis, anemia, acute pancreatitis, or lactic acidosis; and 13% other. Probabilities of remaining free from any toxicity 6, 12, and 18 months were 0.76, 0.59, and 0.47 and from any severe toxicity at 6, 12, and 18 months were 0.92, 0.86, and 0.85, respectively. For 217 patients (21%), 222 single-drug substitutions were made, mostly because of peripheral neuropathy or rash. Conclusions: Clinical toxicities were common, but no patients discontinued ART because of toxicity. The most common toxicities, peripheral neuropathy and rash, were managed with single-drug substitutions. In resource-limited settings, toxicity from ART regimens containing stavudine or nevirapine is manageable but more tolerable regimens are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC Uganda, Global AIDS Program, NCHSTP, Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CDC, Global AIDS Program, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Forna, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fforna@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 41 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 456 EP 462 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318033ffa1 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 146CW UT WOS:000244913100013 PM 17279048 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM AF Hootman, Jennifer M. TI Celebrating 25 years of making sports safer SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Editorial Material ID CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 180RC UT WOS:000247382300001 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB AF Thacker, Stephen B. TI Public health surveillance and the prevention of injuries in sports: What gets measured gets done SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 171 EP 172 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 180RC UT WOS:000247382300002 PM 17710165 ER PT J AU Dick, R Hootman, JM Agel, J Vela, L Marshall, SW Messina, R AF Dick, Randall Hootman, Jennifer M. Agel, Julie Vela, Luzita Marshall, Stephen W. Messina, Renee TI Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate women's field hockey injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association injury surveillance system, 1988-1989 through 2002-2003 SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Article DE athletic injuries; injury prevention; knee injuries; ankle injuries; concussions ID SPORT; PATTERNS; SEX AB Objective: To review 15 years of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) injury surveillance data for women's field hockey and identify potential areas for injury prevention initiatives. Background: Field hockey is one of the most popular sports worldwide and is growing in participation in the United States, particularly among women. From 1988-1989 to 2002-2003, participation in NCAA women's field hockey increased 12%, with the largest growth among Division III programs. In 2002-2003, 253 colleges offered women's field hockey and 5385 women participated. Main Results: Game injury rates showed a significant average annual 2.5% decline over 15 years, most likely fueled by drops in ankle ligament sprain, knee internal derangement, and finger fracture injuries. Despite this, ankle ligament sprains were common (13.7% of game and 15.0% of practice injuries) and a frequent cause of severe injuries (resulting in 10+ days of time-loss activity). Concussion and head laceration injuries increased over this same time, and the risk of sustaining a concussion in a game was 6 times higher than the risk of sustaining one during practice. Overall, injury rates were twice as high in games as in practices (7.87 versus 3.70 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures, rate ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval = 2.0, 2.3). Most head/neck/face (71%) and hand/finger/thumb (68%) injuries occurred when the player was near the goal or within the 25-yd line and were caused by contact with the stick or ball (greater than 77% for both body sites); for 34% of head/neck/ face injuries, a penalty was called on the play. Recommendations: Equipment (requiring helmets and padded gloves) and rule changes (to decrease field congestion near the goal) as well as evidence-based injury prevention interventions (eg, prophylactic ankle taping/bracing, neuromuscular balance exercise programs) may be viable prevention initiatives for reducing injury rates in women's collegiate field hockey players. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Collegiate Athlet Assoc, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. W Chester Univ, W Chester, PA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MSK-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jhootman@cdc.gov OI Marshall, Stephen/0000-0002-2664-9233 NR 17 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 22 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 211 EP 220 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 180RC UT WOS:000247382300007 PM 17710169 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Dick, R Agel, J AF Hootman, Jennifer M. Dick, Randall Agel, Julie TI Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: Summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Article DE athletic injuries ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; BOARD TRAINING-PROGRAM; ANKLE SPRAINS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PATTERNS; FOOTBALL; PLAYERS; WOMEN; RISK; MEN AB Objective: To summarize 16 years of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) injury surveillance data for 15 sports and to identify potential modifiable risk factors to target for injury prevention initiatives. Background. In 1982, the NCAA began collecting standardized injury and exposure data for collegiate sports through its Injury Surveillance System (ISS). This special issue reviews 182000 injuries and slightly more than 1 million exposure records captured over a 16-year time period (1988-1989 through 2003-2004). Game and practice injuries that required medical attention and resulted in at least 1 day of time loss were included. An exposure was defined as 1 athlete participating in 1 practice or game and is expressed as an athlete-e:KPOSure (AE). Main Results: Combining data for all sports, injury rates were statistically significantly higher in games (13.8 injuries per 1000 A-Es) than in practices (4.0 injuries per 1000 A-Es), and preseason practice injury rates (6.6 injuries per 1000 A-Es) were significantly higher than both in-season (2.3 injuries per 1000 A-Es) and postseason (1.4 injuries per 1000 A-Es) practice rates. No significant change in game or practice injury rates was noted over the 16 years. More than 50% of all injuries were to the lower extremity. Ankle ligament sprains were the most common injury over all sports, accounting for 15% of all reported injuries. Rates of concussions and anterior cruciate ligament injuries increased significantly (average annual increases of 7.0% and 1.3%, respectively) over the sample period. These trends may reflect improvements in identification of these injuries, especially for concussion, over time. Football had the highest injury rates for both practices (9.6 injuries per 1000 AEs) and games (35.9 injuries per 1000 A-Es), whereas men's baseball had the lowest rate in practice (1.9 injuries per 1000 A_Es) and women's softball had the lowest rate in games (4.3 injuries per 1000 A-Es). Recommendations: In general, participation in college athletics is safe, but these data indicate modifiable factors that, if addressed through injury prevention initiatives, may contribute to lower injury rates in collegiate sports. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Coll Athlet Assoc, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway E MSK-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jhootman@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 581 Z9 589 U1 23 U2 165 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 311 EP 319 PG 9 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 180RC UT WOS:000247382300019 PM 17710181 ER PT J AU Bhasin, TK Schendel, D AF Bhasin, Tanya Karapurkar Schendel, Diana TI Sociodemographic risk factors for autism in a US metropolitan area SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; ASD; epidemiologic methods; risk factors ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; NEONATAL FACTORS; MATERNAL AGE; SOCIAL-CLASS; FOLLOW-UP AB The present study examined the association between autism and sociodemographic factors, overall and in subgroups of children with autism with and without mental retardation (Autism/MR and Autism/No MR, respectively); the association was further examined in subanalyses by child's source of ascertainment to assess the presence of ascertainment bias. In the main analyses, one marker of higher social class (higher median family income) was significantly associated with autism overall. Both markers of higher social class (higher maternal education and higher median family income) were significantly associated with autism/no MR, but not associated with autism/MR. In the subanalyses, associations with social class varied by ascertainment source. Future studies should consider phenotypic subgroups of children with autism and must consider potential ascertainment bias. C1 Natl Ctr Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Bhasin, TK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM tkbhasin@msn.com NR 39 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 667 EP 677 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0194-y PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700007 PM 16951989 ER PT J AU Kost, CB Rogers, B Oberste, MS Robinson, C Eaves, BL Leos, K Danielson, S Satya, M Weir, F Nolte, FS AF Kost, Christine B. Rogers, Beverly Oberste, M. Steven Robinson, Christine Eaves, Brenda L. Leos, Kristi Danielson, Susan Satya, Malini Weir, Fred Nolte, Frederick S. TI Multicenter beta trial of the GeneXpert enterovirus assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; CLINICAL UTILITY; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; MENINGITIS; PCR; AMPLIFICATION; INFECTIONS; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT AB The GeneXpert Dx system (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) is a fully integrated and automated nucleic acid sample preparation, amplification, and real-time detection system. It consists of an instrument, a personal computer, and disposable fluidic cartridges. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the GeneXpert enterovirus assay (GXEA) were determined with a panel of 63 different enterovirus serotypes and 24 other microorganisms, respectively. The potential for blood, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and excess protein to interfere with the assay was also assessed. The performance parameters of the GXEA were determined at three sites with 102 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from patients with suspected meningitis. All samples were tested for enterovirus RNA with locally developed reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays at the trial sites and with a seminested RT-PCR and an analyte-specific reagent (Cepheid) at a reference laboratory. The 5' nontranslated region was the target for all of the PCR assays except the seminested RT-PCR, which amplified a VP1 sequence. The VP1 amplicon was sequenced to identify the enterovirus types. Consensus reference laboratory RT-PCR results were used to classify cases of enteroviral meningitis. The GXEA detected all of the enterovirus serotypes and none of the other microorganisms tested except rhinovirus 16. The assay was unaffected by moderate amounts of blood or blood components. Thirty-six (35%) of the CSF samples tested had at least one positive PCR result. Eleven different enterovirus serotypes were identified in the positive samples. The GXEA had a sensitivity of 97.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.7 to 99.9%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 94.6 to 100%) for the diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Childrens Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA USA. RP Nolte, FS (reprint author), Emory Univ Hosp, 1365 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM fnolte@emory.edu NR 17 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1081 EP 1086 DI 10.1128/JCM.01718-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 158GI UT WOS:000245779300001 PM 17251395 ER PT J AU Meador, CE Parsons, MM Bopp, CA Gerner-Smidt, P Painter, JA Vora, GJ AF Meador, Carolyn E. Parsons, Michele M. Bopp, Cheryl A. Gerner-Smidt, Peter Painter, John A. Vora, Gary J. TI Virulence gene- and pandernic group-specific marker profiling of clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOSTABLE DIRECT HEMOLYSIN; III SECRETION; PANDEMIC STRAINS; GENOME SEQUENCE; SEROVARS O3-K6; DNA-SEQUENCE; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; EMERGENCE; PATHOGEN AB Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium capable of causing food- and waterborne gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia in humans. The organism has recently received increasing attention, as the emergence of a new clone, V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6, has resulted in the first documented pandemic spread of V. parahaemolyticus. We used microarray analyses to explore the presence of known virulence factors and genetic markers thought to be specific for V. parahaemolyticus 03:K6 and its clonal derivatives. Analyses of 48 human clinical isolates collected between 1997 and 2005 revealed that the V. parahaemolyticus chromosome 2 type III secretion system is not specifically associated with pandemic strains and can be found in tdh-negative (i.e., Kanagawa-negative) clinical isolates. These results highlight the genetic dynamism of V parahaemolyticus and aid in refining the genetic definition of the pandemic group members. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vora, GJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 30,Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gvora@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 40 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1133 EP 1139 DI 10.1128/JCM.00042-07 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 158GI UT WOS:000245779300009 PM 17301274 ER PT J AU Neal, S Beall, B Ekelund, K Henriques-Normark, B Jasir, A Johnson, D Kaplan, E Lovgren, M Reinert, RR Efstratiou, A AF Neal, Shona Beall, Bernard Ekelund, Kim Henriques-Normark, Birgitta Jasir, Aftab Johnson, Dwight Kaplan, Edward Lovgren, Marguerite Reinert, Ralf Rene Efstratiou, Androulla CA Strep-EURO Study Grp Int Streptococcus Reference Lab TI International quality assurance study for characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; OPACITY-FACTOR; M-PROTEIN; EMM; INFECTIONS AB Surveillance of group A streptococcal (GAS) infections was undertaken as a major component of the European Commission-funded project on severe GAS disease in Europe (strep-EURO). One aim of strep-EURO was to improve the quality of GAS characterization by standardization of methods. An external quality assurance study (EQA) was therefore carried out to evaluate current global performance. Eleven strep-EURO and seven other streptococcal reference centers received a panel of 20 coded GAS isolates for typing. Conventional phenotypic typing (based on cell surface T and M protein antigens and opacity factor [OF] production) and molecular methods (emm gene typing) were used either as single or combined approaches to GAS typing. T typing was performed by 16 centers; 12 centers found one or more of the 20 strains nontypeable (typeability, 89%), and 11 centers reported at least one incorrect result (concordance, 93%). The 10 centers that tested for OF production achieved 96% concordance. Limited availability of antisera resulted in poor typeability values from the four centers that performed phenotypic M typing (41%), three of which also performed anti-OF typing (typeability, 63%); however, concordance was high for both M (100%) and anti-OF (94%) typing. In contrast, the 15 centers that performed emm gene sequencing achieved excellent typeability (97%) and concordance (98%), although comparison of the performance between centers yielded typeability rates from 65 to 100% and concordance values from 83 to 100%. With the rapid expansion and use of molecular genotypic methods to characterize GAS, continuation of EQA is essential in order to achieve international standardization and comparison of type distributions. C1 Hlth Protect Agcy Ctr Infect, Resp & System Infect Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. Ctr Dis Control, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. State Serum Inst, Dept Bacteriol Mycol & Parasitol, Copenhagen, Denmark. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Bacteriol, Stockholm, Sweden. Lund Univ, Dept Lab Med, Lund, Sweden. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Alberta Hosp, Prov Lab Publ hlth, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada. Univ Clin Aachen, Inst Med Microbiol, Aachen, Germany. RP Neal, S (reprint author), Hlth Protect Agcy Ctr Infect, Resp & System Infect Lab, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5HT, England. EM shona.neal@hpa.org.uk RI van der Linden, Mark/B-9305-2009; Reinert, Ralf Rene/D-6897-2011 OI van der Linden, Mark/0000-0002-6574-4313; NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1175 EP 1179 DI 10.1128/JCM.02146-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 158GI UT WOS:000245779300015 PM 17267628 ER PT J AU Helsel, LO Hollis, D Steigerwalt, AG Morey, RE Jordan, J Aye, T Radosevic, J Jannat-Khah, D Thiry, D Lonsway, DR Patel, JB Daneshvar, MI Levett, PN AF Helsel, Leta O. Hollis, Dannie Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Morey, Roger E. Jordan, Jean Aye, Tin Radosevic, Jon Jannat-Khah, Deanna Thiry, Dorothy Lonsway, David R. Patel, Jean B. Daneshvar, Maryam I. Levett, Paul N. TI Identification of "Haematobacter," a new genus of aerobic gram-negative rods isolated from clinical specimens, and reclassification of Rhodobacter massiliensis as "Haematobacter massiliensis comb. nov." SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Twelve strains of gram-negative, nonfermenting rods recovered mainly from septicemic patients were studied using conventional and molecular methods. The phenotypic profiles of these strains most closely resembled Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus. They produced catalase, oxidase, urease, and H2S (lead acetate paper) but did not produce indole, reduce nitrate or nitrite, or hydrolyze gelatin or esculin. No acid production was observed in a King's oxidation-fermentation base containing D-glucose, D-xylose, D-mannitol, sucrose, lactose, or maltose. All strains were nonmotile and nonpigmented. Most strains produced green discoloration on blood agar. All strains grew at 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C and most grew on MacConkey agar. They shared a common cellular fatty acid (CFA) profile characterized by large amounts (56% to 90%) of 18:1 omega 7c and the presence of 3-OH-10:0, 16:1 omega 7c, 16:0, and 19:0cyc omega 8c that overall was most similar to that of Rhodobacter species but was quite distinct from that of P. phenylpyruvicus. The MICs for most beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems were low. MICs for aztreonam and piperacillin were higher, with MICs for some strains of > 64 mg/liter and > 128 mg/liter, respectively. Polyphasic analysis of these strains, including morphological, biochemical, CFA composition, DNA-DNA hybridization, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and percent guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) content analysis, demonstrated that these strains and Rhodobacter massiliensis represent a new genus, "Haematobacter" (proposed name), with the species H. missouriensis (type strain H1892(T) = CCUG 52307(T) = CIP 109176(T)) and H. massiliensis comb. nov. (type strain Framboise(T) = CCUG 47968(T) = CIP 107725(T)) and an unnamed genomospecies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Saskatchewan Dis Control Lab, Regina, SK, Canada. RP Helsel, LO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LOH1@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1238 EP 1243 DI 10.1128/JCM.01188-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 158GI UT WOS:000245779300025 PM 17287332 ER PT J AU Siedner, MJ Pandori, M Castro, L Barry, P Whittington, WLH Liska, S Klausner, JD AF Siedner, Mark J. Pandori, Mark Castro, Lina Barry, Pennan Whittington, William L. H. Liska, Sally Klausner, Jeffrey D. TI Real-time PCR assay for detection of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urine samples SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIPROFLOXACIN RESISTANCE; MUTATIONS; STRAINS; PREVALENCE; PARC; GYRA AB A need exists for the development of applicable surveillance tools to detect fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (QRNG) in urine samples. We describe here a real-time PCR assay for detecting mutations in the Ser91 codon of the gyrA gene of N. gonorrhoeae in urine specimens. We tested 96 urine samples collected along with Gonorrhea Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) urethral swab samples and compared the results with matched MICs of ciprofloxacin, as reported by the regional GISP laboratory. We then tested 100 urine specimens, known to be gonorrhea positive by nucleic acid amplification testing, provided by females to challenge the real-time PCR assay with urine specimens containing potentially less target DNA content than specimens from symptomatic males. With an MIC threshold of 0.125 mu g of ciprofloxacin/ml, our assay correctly identified resistance in 41 of 44 (93.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 81.3 to 98.6%) corresponding resistant culture specimens and correctly identified 51 of 51 (100%; 95% CI = 93.0 to 100%) susceptible specimens. One specimen did not amplify. The assay successfully amplified the gyrA amplicon and determined a susceptibility genotype in 72 of 100 (72%) urine specimens collected from female patients. We developed an assay for detecting QRNG in urine specimens that correlated well with MIC results of cultured specimens and had moderate sensitivity with urine specimens. This methodology might fulfill the need for a QRNG detection system for urine specimens, a useful characteristic in the age of nucleic acid amplification testing for gonococcal infection. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Klausner, JD (reprint author), 1360 Mission St,Suite 401, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. EM jeff.klausner@sfdph.org NR 18 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1250 EP 1254 DI 10.1128/JCM.01909-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 158GI UT WOS:000245779300027 PM 17267635 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Johansson, MA Tamang, L Visvesvara, GS Moura, LS DaSilva, AJ Girouard, AS Matos, O AF Graczyk, Thaddeus K. Johansson, Michael A. Tamang, Leena Visvesvara, Govinda S. Moura, Laci S. DaSilva, Alexandre J. Girouard, Autumn S. Matos, Olga TI Retrospective species identification of microsporidian spores in diarrheic fecal samples from human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS patients by multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; ENCEPHALITOZOON-INTESTINALIS; INFECTED PATIENTS; AIDS PATIENTS; RNA; TRANSMISSION; SPECIMENS; THERAPY AB In order to assess the applicability of multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay for the clinical setting, we conducted retrospective analysis of 110 formalin-stored diarrheic stool samples from human immunodeficiency virus (HM/AIDS patients with intestinal microsporidiosis collected between 1992 and 2003. The multiplexed FISH assay identified microsporidian spores in 94 of 110 (85.5%) samples: 49 (52.1%) were positive for Enterocytozoon bieneusi, 43 (45.8%) were positive for Encephalitozoon intestinalis, 2 (2.1%) were positive for Encephalitozoon hellem, and 9 samples (9.6%) contained both E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis spores. Quantitative spore counts per ml of stool yielded concentration values from 3.5 x 10(3) to 4.4 x 10(5) for E. bieneusi (mean, 8.8 s 10(4)/ml), 2.3 x 10(2) to 7.8 x 10(4) (mean, 1.5 x 10(4)/ml) for E. intestinalis, and 1.8 x 10(2) to 3.6 x 10(2) for E. hellem (mean, 2.7 x 10(2)/ml). Identification of microsporidian spores by multiplex FISH assay was more sensitive than both Chromotrope-2R and CalcoFluor White M2R stains; 85.5% versus 72.7 and 70.9%, respectively. The study demonstrated that microsporidian coinfection in HIV/AIDS patients with intestinal microsporidiosis is not uncommon and that formalin-stored fecal samples older than 10 years may not be suitable for retrospective analysis by techniques targeting rRNA. Multiplexed FISH assay is a reliable, quantitative fluorescence microscopy method for the simultaneous identification of E. bieneusi, E. intestinalis, and E. hellem, as well as Encephalitozoon cuniculi, spores in fecal samples and is a useful tool for assessing spore shedding intensity in intestinal microsporidiosis. The method can be used for epidemiological investigations and applied in clinical settings. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Publ Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Inst Hig & Med Trop, Unidade Parasitol & Microbiol Med, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pr, P-1495233 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM tgraczyk@jhsph.edu RI MATOS, OLGA/J-8859-2012; santos, sofia/I-1637-2012; OI MATOS, OLGA/0000-0001-5793-7716 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES003819, P30 ES03819] NR 41 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1255 EP 1260 DI 10.1128/JCM.01975-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 158GI UT WOS:000245779300028 PM 17287331 ER PT J AU Han, LL McDougal, LK Gorwitz, RJ Mayer, KH Patel, JB Sennott, JM Fontana, JL AF Han, Linda L. McDougal, Linda K. Gorwitz, Rachel J. Mayer, Kenneth H. Patel, Jean B. Sennott, Janet M. Fontana, John L. TI High frequencies of clindamycin and tetracycline resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pulsed-field type USA300 isolates collected at a Boston ambulatory health center SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; EVOLUTION; RISK; GENE; HIV; MEN; SEX AB Individual or multiple resistance to clindamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, levolloxacin, or mupirocin was detected in a large proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pulsed-field type USA300 isolates collected at an ambulatory health center in Boston. The clindamycin, tetracycline, and mupirocin resistance genes identified in these isolates are commonly associated with plasmids. C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, State Lab Inst, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fenway Community Hlth Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. RP Han, LL (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, State Lab Inst, 305 South St, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. EM linda.han@state.ma.us NR 14 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1350 EP 1352 DI 10.1128/JCM.02274-06 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 158GI UT WOS:000245779300049 PM 17287335 ER PT J AU Dolan, MC Dietrich, G Panella, NA Montenieri, JA Karchesy, JJ AF Dolan, Marc C. Dietrich, Gabrielle Panella, Nicholas A. Montenieri, John A. Karchesy, Joseph J. TI Biocidal activity of three wood essential oils against Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae), Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera : Pulicidae), and Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE essential oils; biocidal; Ixodes scapularis; Xenopsylla cheopis; Aedes aegypti ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; AZADIRACHTA-INDICA; CAUSATIVE AGENT; DAMMINI ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; NYMPHS; NEEM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INSECTICIDES AB The biocidal activity of three steam distilled wood essential oils-incense cedar, Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin; Port-Orford-cedar, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.; and western juniper, Juniperus occidentalis (Hook)-were evaluated against adult Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothchild) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) and nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae). In vitro laboratory bioassays were conducted to establish baseline dose-mortality data through 24 h. Incense cedar heartwood was the most toxic to all three vector species followed in order of activity by western juniper and Port-Orford-cedar based on LC50 and LC90 values. Ae. aegypti were substantially more susceptible to the oils than either I. scapularis or X. cheopis. C1 Publ Hlth Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,US Dept Hlth & Human Se, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dolan, MC (reprint author), Publ Hlth Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,US Dept Hlth & Human Se, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM mcd4@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 622 EP 625 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[622:BAOTWE]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 153SF UT WOS:000245454700051 PM 17461093 ER PT J AU Mainzer, H AF Mainzer, Hugh TI Veterinarians and environmental health practitioners: Partners in prevention SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID MEDICINE C1 CDC, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mainzer, H (reprint author), CDC, US Publ Hlth Serv, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hugh.mainzer@cdc.hhs.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD APR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 8 BP 60 EP 61 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 152WB UT WOS:000245391700005 PM 17450956 ER PT J AU Zhang, GD Ma, L Patel, N Swaminathan, B Wedel, S Doyle, MP AF Zhang, Guodong Ma, Li Patel, Nehal Swaminathan, Bala Wedel, Stephanie Doyle, Michael P. TI Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium from outbreak-associated cake mix SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; PULSENET; FOODS AB During May and June of 2005, 26 persons in several states were infected by a single strain (isolates indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium after eating cake batter ice cream. The cake mix used to prepare the cake batter in the ice cream was implicated by epidermologic investigation as the source of Salmonella contamination. Initial tests did not detect Salmonella in cake mix collected during the outbreak investigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate different procedures to isolate Salmonella from the implicated cake mix, cake, and ice cream. All outbreak-associated food samples (14 samples) were collected during the outbreak investigation by health departments of several of the states involved. Different combinations of Salmonella isolation procedures, including sample size, preenrichment broth, enrichment broth, enrichment temperature, and isolation medium, were used. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from two cake mix samples; the food isolates were indistinguishable from the outbreak pattern by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtyping. Universal preenrichment broth was substantially better than was lactose broth for preenrichment, and tetrathionate broth was better than was Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth for isolating Salmonella from the two positive cake mix samples. Although more typical Salmonella colonies were observed on plates from enrichment cultures grown at 35 degrees C, more confirmed Salmonella isolates were obtained from plates of enrichment cultures grown at 42 degrees C. Brilliant green agar, xylose lysine tergitol 4 agar, xylose lysine desoxycholate agar, Hektoen enteric agar, and bismuth sulfite agar plates were equally effective in isolating Salmonella from cake mix. The best combination of preenrichment-enrichment conditions for isolating the outbreak strain of Salmonella was preenrichment of cake mix samples in universal preenrichment broth at 35 degrees C for 24 h, followed by enrichment in tetrathionate broth at 42 degrees C for 24 h. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. RP Doyle, MP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mdoyle@uga.edu NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2007 VL 70 IS 4 BP 997 EP 1001 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 154RK UT WOS:000245525000027 PM 17477273 ER PT J AU Rao, JK Abraham, L Anderson, LA AF Rao, J. K. Abraham, L. Anderson, L. A. TI Can items from existing end-of-life surveys be used for public health surveillance? SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 25-28, 2007 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 [Rao, J. K.; Abraham, L.; Anderson, L. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 240TQ UT WOS:000251610700007 ER PT J AU Soumerai, SB Zhang, F Ross-Degnan, D Ball, DE Lecates, RF Law, MR Hughes, TE Chapman, D Adams, AS AF Soumerai, S. B. Zhang, F. Ross-Degnan, D. Ball, D. E. Lecates, R. F. Law, M. R. Hughes, T. E. Chapman, D. Adams, A. S. TI Discontinuities in atypical antipsychotic therapy following prior authorization and step therapy among medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 25-28, 2007 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 [Soumerai, S. B.; Zhang, F.; Ross-Degnan, D.; Lecates, R. F.; Law, M. R.; Adams, A. S.] Harvard Med Sch & Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. [Ball, D. E.; Hughes, T. E.] Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Chapman, D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP 64 EP 65 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 240TQ UT WOS:000251610700220 ER PT J AU Hurley, L Daley, M Hennessey, K Weinbaum, C Crane, L Beaty, B Barrow, J Babbel, C Dickinson, M Stokley, S Kempe, A AF Hurley, L. Daley, M. Hennessey, K. Weinbaum, C. Crane, L. Beaty, B. Barrow, J. Babbel, C. Dickinson, M. Stokley, S. Kempe, A. TI Hepatitis B vaccination of adults: Current practice regarding vaccine delivery and attitudes regarding standing orders SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 25-28, 2007 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 [Hurley, L.] Dept Gen Internal Med, Denver, CO USA. [Daley, M.; Kempe, A.] Univ Colorado Denver, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcome Program, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Aurora, CO USA. [Hennessey, K.; Weinbaum, C.] Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Crane, L.] Univ Colorado Denver, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biostat, Denver, CO USA. [Beaty, B.; Barrow, J.; Babbel, C.] Univ Colorado Denver, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Aurora, CO USA. [Dickinson, M.] Univ Colorado Denver, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Stokley, S.] Natl Immunizat Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 240TQ UT WOS:000251610700356 ER PT J AU Duru, OK Gerzoff, R Mangione, CM AF Duru, O. K. Gerzoff, R. Mangione, C. M. TI Predictors of sustained walking among multi-ethnic diabetes patients in managed care: The translating research into action for diabetes (TRIAD) study SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 25-28, 2007 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 [Duru, O. K.; Mangione, C. M.] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Gerzoff, R.] CDC, Ctr Res Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 240TQ UT WOS:000251610700364 ER PT J AU Budnitz, D Shehab, N Richards, C AF Budnitz, D. Shehab, N. Richards, C. TI Evaluating public health impact of Beers criteria medications in older adults, United States, 2004-2005 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 25-28, 2007 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 [Budnitz, D.; Shehab, N.; Richards, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 240TQ UT WOS:000251610700428 ER PT J AU Bokhour, BG Pugh, MV Rao, JK Berlowitz, DR Montouris, G Kazis, LE AF Bokhour, B. G. Pugh, M. V. Rao, J. K. Berlowitz, D. R. Montouris, G. Kazis, L. E. TI Quality of care for epilepsy: Expert and patient perspectives SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 25-28, 2007 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 [Bokhour, B. G.; Berlowitz, D. R.; Kazis, L. E.] Boston Univ, ENRM Vet Affairs Med Ctr, CHQOER, Bedford, MA 02215 USA. [Pugh, M. V.] Boston Univ, San Antonio, TX USA. [Rao, J. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Montouris, G.] Boston Univ, Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP 134 EP 135 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 240TQ UT WOS:000251610700463 ER PT J AU Pollack, C Chideya, S Cubbin, C Williams, B Dekker, M Braveman, P AF Pollack, C. Chideya, S. Cubbin, C. Williams, B. Dekker, M. Braveman, P. TI Should health studies measure wealth? A systematic review SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 25-28, 2007 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 [Pollack, C.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia VA Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Chideya, S.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cubbin, C.; Williams, B.; Dekker, M.; Braveman, P.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Cubbin, C.] Univ Texas Austin, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 240TQ UT WOS:000251610700554 ER PT J AU Kim, C Steers, WN Herman, WH Mangione, CM Narayan, KMV Ettner, SL AF Kim, Catherine Steers, W. Neil Herman, William H. Mangione, Carol M. Narayan, K. M. Venkat Ettner, Susan L. TI Physician compensation from salary and quality of diabetes care SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SGIM Annual Meeting 2006 CY 2006 CL Los Angeles, CA SP SGIM DE compensation; diabetes; quality; managed care ID HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS; MANAGED CARE; FINANCIAL INCENTIVES; TRANSLATING RESEARCH; OF-CARE; PATIENT SATISFACTION; TRIAD; PERFORMANCE; STRATEGIES AB OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between physician-reported percent of total compensation from salary and quality of diabetes care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. PARTICIPANTS: Physicians (n = 1248) and their patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 4200) enrolled in 10 managed care plans. MEASUREMENTS: We examined the associations between physician-reported percent compensation from salary and processes of care including receipt of dilated eye exams and foot exams, advice to take aspirin, influenza immunizations, and assessments of glycemic control, proteinuria, and lipid profile, intermediate outcomes such as adequate control of hemoglobin A1c, lipid levels, and systolic blood pressure levels, and satisfaction with provider communication and perceived difficulty getting needed care. We used hierarchical logistic regression models to adjust for clustering at the health plan and physician levels, as well as for physician and patient covariates. We adjusted for plan as a fixed effect, meaning we estimated variation between physicians using the variance within a particular health plan only, to minimize confounding by other unmeasured health plan variables. RESULTS: In unadjusted analyses, patients of physicians who reported higher percent compensation from salary (> 90%) were more likely to receive 5 of 7 diabetes process measures and more intensive lipid management and to have an HbA1c < 8.0% than patients of physicians who reported lower percent compensation from salary (< 10%). However, these associations did not persist after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that salary, as opposed to fee-for-service compensation, is not independently associated with diabetes processes and intermediate outcomes. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Div Metab Endocrinol & Diabet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Div Metab Endocrinol & Diabet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cathkim@umich.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-02-004]; PHS HHS [U58/CCU523525-03] NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 448 EP 452 DI 10.1007/s11606-007-0124-5 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 148WJ UT WOS:000245107800004 PM 17372791 ER PT J AU Crill, WD Trainor, NB Chang, GJJ AF Crill, Wayne D. Trainor, Nicole B. Chang, Gwong-Jen J. TI A detailed mutagenesis study of flavivirus cross-reactive epitopes using West Nile virus-like particles SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DENGUE VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; FUSION LOOP; MOUSE; INFECTIONS AB Human flavivirus infections elicit virus species-specific and cross-reactive immune responses. The flavivirus envelope (E) glycoprotein is the primary antigen inducing protective immunity; however, the presence of cross-reactive antibodies in human sera creates problems for serodiagnosis. Using a West Nile virus-like particle system, we performed mutagenesis across all three E protein functional domains to identify epitope determinants for a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against different flaviviruses and exhibiting diverse patterns of cross-reactivity. Residues within the highly conserved fusion peptide were the only epitope determinants identified and were important not only for broadly cross-reactive mAbs recognizing all of the medically important flavivirus serocomplexes, but also for less-broad, complex-reactive mAbs. Moreover, different substitutions at specific fusion peptide residues produced highly variable effects on antibody reactivity and virus-like particle secretion. These results support and extend the conclusion that the fusion peptide region constitutes an immunodominant epitope stimulating antibodies with diverse patterns of cross-reactivity. C1 USDA, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Crill, WD (reprint author), USDA, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM wcrill@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 88 BP 1169 EP 1174 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82640-0 PN 4 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 154FY UT WOS:000245493500011 PM 17374760 ER PT J AU Johnson, VJ Kashon, ML Yucesoy, B Luster, MI AF Johnson, Victor J. Kashon, Michael L. Yucesoy, Berran Luster, Michael I. TI Global patterns of gene expression following inhalation of toluene diisocyanate suggest development of allergic rhinitis SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, Victor J.; Yucesoy, Berran; Luster, Michael I.] CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Kashon, Michael L.] CDC, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 178 SU 1 MA 37.4 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44OL UT WOS:000209758202253 ER PT J AU Yucesoy, B Johnson, VJ Fluharty, K Kashon, ML Slaven, J Kissling, G Germolec, D Vallyathan, V Luster, MI AF Yucesoy, Berran Johnson, Victor J. Fluharty, Kara Kashon, Michael L. Slaven, James Kissling, Grace Germolec, Dori Vallyathan, Val Luster, Michael I. TI Association of genetic variations in inflammatory and fibrogenic genes with progressive massive fibrosis in coal miners SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yucesoy, Berran; Johnson, Victor J.; Fluharty, Kara; Luster, Michael I.] CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Kashon, Michael L.; Slaven, James] CDC, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Vallyathan, Val] CDC, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Germolec, Dori] NIEHS, Toxicol Operat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 178 SU 1 MA 35.51 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44OL UT WOS:000209758201035 ER PT J AU Estivariz, CF Park, SY Hageman, JC Dvorin, J Melish, MM Arpon, R Coon, P Slavish, S Kim, M McDougal, LK Jensen, B McAllister, S Lonsway, D Killgore, G Effler, PE Jernigan, DB AF Estivariz, Concepcion F. Park, Sarah Y. Hageman, Jeffrey C. Dvorin, Jeffrey Melish, Marian M. Arpon, Rose Coon, Pat Slavish, Susan Kim, Mary McDougal, Linda K. Jensen, Bette McAllister, Sigrid Lonsway, David Killgore, George Effler, Paul E. Jernigan, Daniel B. TI Emergence of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Hawaii, 2001-2003 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION LA English DT Article DE methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; community-associated; skin infections; Pacific Islanders; children; epidemiology ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; SKIN INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; CLONE; OUTBREAK; GENES AB Objectives: We conducted a retrospective study to determine trends and characteristics of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in Hawaii. Methods: We reviewed medical records of patients with MRSA infections during July 2001-June 2003 in four healthcare facilities. A case was defined as a patient with MRSA infection (colonization excluded), diagnosed in ambulatory settings or <= 48 h after hospitalization, without previous MRSA or healthcare risk factors. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and typing of resistance and toxin genes was performed in 40 MRSA isolates. Results: CA-MRSA infections increased from 28 (23% of MRSA infections) to 65 (32%) per quarter over the 2-year period (P < 0.05). Pacific islanders accounted for 51% of 389 case-patients, but only 24% of the Hawaii population. In the pediatric hospital, Pacific Islanders represented 76% of 90 case-patients versus 35% of the hospital population. Hospital admission, required for 40% (154/389), was associated with prior antimicrobial treatment (P < 0.01). The staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV was detected in 38/40 isolates; 31 isolates carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes and 22 belonged to the same staphylococcal lineage. Conclusions: In Hawaii, prevention strategies for CA-MRSA infections should focus on Pacific Islanders. CA-MRSA infections in Hawaii appear to be related to strains causing disease throughout the United States. (c) 2006 The British Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Kapiolani Med Ctr Women & Children, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. Wilcox Mem Hosp, Lihue, HI 96766 USA. Queens Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96819 USA. RP Estivariz, CF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cge3@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0163-4453 J9 J INFECTION JI J. Infect. PD APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 4 BP 349 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.08.002 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 155AA UT WOS:000245548700006 PM 16989904 ER PT J AU Collins, WE AF Collins, William E. TI Further understanding the nature of relapse of Plasmodium vivax infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Senior Biomed Res Serv, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Senior Biomed Res Serv, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F-36,4770 Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 7 BP 919 EP 920 DI 10.1086/512246 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 143KZ UT WOS:000244721700001 PM 17330778 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Ibegbu, CC Theiler, R Xu, YX Bansil, P Jamieson, DJ Lindsay, M Butera, S Duerr, A AF Kourtis, Athena P. Ibegbu, Chris C. Theiler, Regan Xu, Yong-Xian Bansil, Pooja Jamieson, Denise J. Lindsay, Michael Butera, Salvatore Duerr, Ann TI Breast milk CD4(+) T cells express high levels of C chemokine receptor 5 and CXC chemokine receptor 4 and are preserved in HIV-infected mothers receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HUMAN COLOSTRUM; LYMPHOCYTES-T; CCR5; PHENOTYPE; RESPONSES; CXCR4(+); SUBSETS; WOMEN AB Background. Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to the infant through breast-feeding is a major problem worldwide; however, the biological circumstances of such transmission remain unclear. Little characterization of breast milk CD4(+) T lymphocytes has been done so far. Methods. We performed a detailed immunophenotypic analysis of T lymphocytes in the breast milk, compared with the blood, of HIV-uninfected (n = 9) and HIV-infected (n = 10) women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy, by use of multiparameter flow cytometry. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric comparisons were performed using SAS software (version 9.1; SAS Institute). Results. In uninfected women, 44%-78% of breast milk CD4(+) T cells expressed the C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), whereas 26%-73% of cells coexpressed CCR5 and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). In contrast, only 7%-20% of peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells expressed CCR5 and 1%-20% coexpressed CCR5 and CXCR4. The level of CCR5 expression in CD4(+) T cells in breast milk was higher than in blood. In HIV-infected women, the high frequency of CD4(+)CCR5(+) T cells in breast milk was preserved. Conclusions. A majority of CD4(+) T cells in breast milk express high levels of CCR5 and CXCR4. Unlike other mucosal immune sites, in which CD4(+)CCR5(+) T cells are rapidly eliminated by HIV, these cells are preserved in breast milk during HIV infection. C1 NCCDPHP, CDC, DRH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS Res Immunol, Core Lab,Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), NCCDPHP, CDC, DRH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov OI Theiler, Regan/0000-0002-3412-3653 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 7 BP 965 EP 972 DI 10.1086/512082 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 143KZ UT WOS:000244721700009 PM 17330786 ER PT J AU Fry, AM Lu, XY Chittaganpitch, M Peret, T Fischer, J Dowell, SF Anderson, LJ Erdman, D Olsen, SJ AF Fry, Alicia M. Lu, Xiaoyan Chittaganpitch, Malinee Peret, Teresa Fischer, Julie Dowell, Scott F. Anderson, Larry J. Erdman, Dean Olsen, Sonja J. TI Human bocavirus: A novel parvovirus epidemiologically associated with pneumonia requiring hospitalization in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 19-22, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; VIRUSES; ADULTS; ASTHMA; EXACERBATIONS; ILLNESS AB Background. We detected human bocavirus (HBoV) infection in 4.5% of hospitalized patients with pneumonia in rural Thailand. However, the role of HBoV as a pathogen is unclear. Methods. We compared HBoV infection in patients with pneumonia with that in asymptomatic control patients enrolled between 1 September 2004 and 31 August 2005 in the same hospitals in Thailand. We examined outpatients with influenza-like illness for HBoV infection and tested for 13 additional respiratory viruses. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of HBoV infection are described. Results. HBoV infection was detected in 20 (3.9%) of 512 outpatients and 3 (1%) of 280 control patients. Coinfection with other viruses was detected in 83% of patients with pneumonia and in 90% of outpatients. Compared with control patients, HBoV infection was significantly associated with pneumonia requiring hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio, 3.56 [95% confidence interval, 1.06-11.91]; P = .04). Eighty-three percent of HBoV infections were detected in patients with pneumonia who were < 5 years old. More patients with pneumonia associated with HBoV-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) coinfections had wheezing than patients with RSV and HPIV infections alone (9 [53%] of 17 vs. 32 [23%] of 138]; P =.01). Conclusions. HBoV infection was epidemiologically associated with pneumonia among young children in rural Thailand, but infection and illness may be dependent on coinfection with other viruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, NIH, Nonthaburi, Thailand. US Ctr Dis Control, Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. US Ctr Prevent Collaborat, Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Fry, AM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afry@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 203 Z9 223 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 7 BP 1038 EP 1045 DI 10.1086/512163 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 143KZ UT WOS:000244721700018 PM 17330795 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Tu, XM Humphrey, C McClure, H Jiang, X Qin, C Glass, RI Jiang, BM AF Wang, Yuhuan Tu, Xinming Humphrey, Charles McClure, Harold Jiang, Xi Qin, Chuan Glass, Roger I. Jiang, Baoming TI Detection of viral agents in fecal specimens of monkeys with diarrhea SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; coronavirus; enterovirus; norovirus; picobirnavirus; rotavirus ID CORONAVIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; NON-HUMAN PRIMATES; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; ROTAVIRUS INFECTION; MACACA-NEMESTRINA; ENTERIC VIRUSES; RHESUS MACAQUES; NORWALK; FECES AB Background Diarrheal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, including non human primates. While the diagnostics for gastrointestinal bacterial and parasitic pathogens and their etiological role in disease are well established, little is known about the epidemiology, prevalence and role of viral agents in diarrheal illness among monkeys. Methods We collected fecal specimens from monkeys with diarrhea that were housed in two primate colonies, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Beijing, China and the Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Georgia, USA. We screened these fecal specimens for rotaviruses and enteric adenoviruses 40/41 by using commercial EIA kits (Rotaclone and Adenoclone), enteroviruses by RT-PCR and Southern blot hybridization, and picobirnaviruses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Some of the specimens were examined by EM for coronaviruses and noroviruses. Results Of the 92 specimens from China, we found 63 (68%) positive for viruses, including enteroviruses (52%), enteric adenoviruses (21%), rotaviruses (20%), and picobirnaviruses (2%). Coronaviruses were detected in some specimens. Mixed infection of two or more viral agents was seen in 23 (25%) specimens. In the US collection, we detected enteroviruses and enteric adenoviruses in 76% (45/59) and 14% (7/50) of the specimens, respectively. Electron microscopy showed norovirus-like particles in come specimens from both colonies. Conclusions Our findings indicate endemic infections with enteric viruses in monkeys of both colonies. The availability of new simian rotaviruses, enteric adenoviruses, enteroviruses, and coronaviruses and the discovery of noroviruses and picobirnaviruses may allow us to develop better diagnostics for these agents and determine which of these agents are clearly associated with gastroenteritis in monkeys. C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Lab Anim Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. Peking Union Med Coll, Beijing, Peoples R China. Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Jiang, BM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bjiang@cdc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00165] NR 30 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2006.00167.x PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 154YY UT WOS:000245545900005 PM 17493140 ER PT J AU Bull, SS Phibbs, S Watson, S McFarlane, M AF Bull, Sheana Salyers Phibbs, Stephanie Watson, Sally McFarlane, Mary TI What do young adults expect when they go online? Lessons for development of an STD/HIV and pregnancy prevention website SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE HIV; internet; adolescent; sexually transmitted diseases; unintended pregnancy; behavior change ID HIV PREVENTION; PATIENT EDUCATION; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; ADOLESCENT; TECHNOLOGY; PROMOTION; PROGRAM; PROJECT AB We used participatory research to develop a theoretically based online STD/HIV and pregnancy prevention intervention that would be entertaining and captivating for 15-25 year olds while delivering key messages about condom use. We conducted six focus groups with 15-25 year olds attending reproductive health clinics and completed a content analysis with focus group data. Youth had expectations that websites contain features such as graphics and flash technology. They would participate in research online if their confidentiality was assured and if they could receive an instant incentive. Limited access to high-end bandwidth capability requires use of compressed graphics and music to reach diverse audiences. Youth suggested approaches to frame role-model delivered messages about HIV/STD and pregnancy risk, condom attitudes, norms and self-efficacy for negotiation. These data allowed for development of a dynamic, interactive and relatively low bandwidth site that retains fidelity to key theoretical constructs in STD/HIV and pregnancy prevention. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bull, SS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, POB 6508,Mail Stop F-443, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM sheana.bull@uchse.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [5 R01 MH63690-02] NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0148-5598 J9 J MED SYST JI J. Med. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s10916-006-9050-z PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 156VM UT WOS:000245678000010 PM 17489508 ER PT J AU Achutan, C AF Achutan, Chandran TI Occupational noise levels during emergency relief operations in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Achutan, C (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP D33 EP D35 DI 10.1080/15459620701191040 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 147XW UT WOS:000245040100001 PM 17365492 ER PT J AU Rao, CY Kurukularatne, C Garcia-Diaz, JB Kemmerly, SA Reed, D Fridkin, SK Morgan, J AF Rao, Carol Y. Kurukularatne, Changa Garcia-Diaz, Julia B. Kemmerly, Sandra A. Reed, Deoine Fridkin, Scoft K. Morgan, Juliette TI Implications of detecting the mold Syncephalastrum in clinical specimens of New Orleans residents after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; 9 ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; FUNGI; INFECTION; STRAINS AB After the extensive flooding in New Orleans following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, thousands of homes in the flooded areas had significant growth of mold. The potential health effects from exposures to these extraordinary environments are unknown. In February 2006, we investigated a cluster of patients with clinical specimens yielding Syncephalastrum, a zygomycete that rarely causes infection. We identified the cases of eight patients from September 12, 2005, to January 12, 2006, with specimens from sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, endotracheal aspirate, ear swab, and nasal swab. All patients appeared to be transiently colonized without evidence of infection, even among immunosuppressed patients. Only one patient reported significant exposure to mold (working on mold remediation without wearing a respirator) on the day of his incident culture. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ochsner Clin Fdn, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Rao, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Cnr3@cdc.gov RI Garcia-Diaz, Julia/D-3555-2011 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 4 BP 411 EP 416 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31803b94f9 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 157BM UT WOS:000245693600010 PM 17426524 ER PT J AU McCanlies, EC Schuler, CR Kreiss, K Frye, BL Ensey, JS Weston, A AF McCanlies, Erin C. Schuler, Christine R. Kreiss, Kathleen Frye, Bonnie L. Ensey, James S. Weston, Ainsley TI TNF-alpha polymorphisms in chronic beryllium disease and beryllium sensitization SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; LUNG-DISEASE; HLA-DPB1; GENE; LYMPHOTOXIN; EXPRESSION; CYTOKINES; MARKERS; ASTHMA AB Objective: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a potent cytokine involved in normal immune functions. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is an association between chronic beryllium disease or beryllium sensitization and two variants of the TAT-a gene located at -308 and -238 called TNF-alpha-308*02 and TNF-alpha-238*02. Methods: TNF-alpha-308 and TNF-alpha-238 genotyping was conducted in a large, population-based cohort consisting of 886 beryllium workers (92 individuals with chronic beryllium disease, 64 who were beryllium sensitized, and 730 individuals without sensitization or disease). Results: The odds of chronic beryllium disease in the presence of at least one TNF-alpha-308*02 or TNF-alpha-238*02 allele was not significant (OR 1.0, 95% CI = 0.7, 1.7 and OR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.4, 1.6). This was true regardless of whether a worker was homozygous or heterozygous for TNF-alpha-308*02 or TNF-alpha-238*02. Similarly, neither allele was associated with sensitization (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Unlike an earlier report, there was no association between these specific TNF-alpha alleles and either chronic beryllium disease or sensitization to beryllium. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP McCanlies, EC (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, MS-L4050,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM EIM4@CDC.GOV NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 4 BP 446 EP 452 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31803b9499 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 157BM UT WOS:000245693600014 PM 17426528 ER PT J AU Levine, MZ Lewis, MM Rodriquez, S Jimenez, JA Khan, A Lin, SC Garcia, HH Gonzales, AE Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW AF Levine, Min Z. Lewis, Melissa M. Rodriquez, Silvia Jimenez, Juan A. Khan, Azra Lin, Sehching Garcia, Hector H. Gonzales, Armando E. Gilman, Robert H. Tsang, Victor C. W. TI Assay using two baculovirus expressed recombinant antigens for diagnosis of Taenia solium taeniasis SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; COPROANTIGEN DETECTION; DNA PROBES; CYSTICERCOSIS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; INFECTION; SAGINATA; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES AB Taeniasis diagnosis is an important step in the control and elimination of both cysticercosis and taeniasis. We report the development of 2 serological taeniasis diagnostic tests using recombinant antigens rES33 and rES38 expressed by baculovirus in insect cells in an EITB format. In laboratory testing with defined sera from nonendemic areas, rES33 has a sensitivity of 98% (n = 167) and a specificity of 99% (n = 310) (1 index: 0.97); rES38 has a sensitivity of 99% (n 146) and a specificity of 97% (n = 275) (J index: 0.96). Independent field testing in Peru showed 97% (n = 203) of the taeniasis sera were positive with rES33, and 100% of the nontaeniasis sera (n = 272) were negative with rES33; 98% (n = 198) of taeniasis sera were positive with rES38, and 91% (n = 274) of the nontaeniasis sera were negative with rES38. Among the Peruvian sera tested, 17 of 26 Peruvian Taenia saginata sera were false positive with rES38 test. Both tests were also examined with cysticercosis sera, with a positive rate ranging from 21% to 46%. rES33 and rES38 tests offer sensitive and specific diagnosis of taeniasis and easy sample collection through finger sticks that can be used in large-scale studies. They are currently being used in cysticercosis elimination programs in Peru. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Levine, MZ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Jimenez Chunga, Juan Atilio/0000-0002-6431-8371 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI35894]; Wellcome Trust [063109] NR 28 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 93 IS 2 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.1645/GE-938R.1 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 166YR UT WOS:000246417600026 PM 17539427 ER PT J AU Cusick, SE Mei, ZG Cogswell, ME AF Cusick, Sarah E. Mei, Zuguo Cogswell, Mary E. TI Continuing anemia prevention strategies are needed throughout early childhood in low-income preschool children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION PROGRAM; DECLINING PREVALENCE; UNITED-STATES; INFANTS; TODDLERS; WOMEN AB Objective: To assess anemia incidence and persistence in low-income preschool children in the United States. Study design: Using 2000 to 2004 data from Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance, System, we constructed 4 cohorts. Children in each cohort had a baseline hemoglobin measurement at either age 12 +/- 2 months (n = 583,149), 18 +/- 2 months (n = 399,223), 24 +/- 2 months (n = 382,605), or 36 +/- 2 months (n = 300,817) and a follow-up hemoglobin measurement 12 +/- 2 months later, when theywere approximately 24, 30, 36, or 48 months old. Defining anemia as a hemoglobin level < 11.0 g/dL (< 24 months old) or hemoglobin < 11.1 g/dL (>= 24 mo), we calculated anemia incidence and persistence in each cohort and used multiple logistic regression to identify associated factors (race, sex, birthweight, height, weight, breastfeeding). Results: Anemia incidence declined with age. Persistence remained approximately 30%. In each cohort, 70% of follow-up anemia cases were incident. Compared with white children, black children had greater odds of incident anemia at each follow-up age (odds ratio [OR], 1.84-2.09), while Native American children had lower odds at 36 and 48 months of age (OR, 0.68, 0.65). Both Asian and black children had greater odds of persistent anemia than white children at each age (OR, 1.73-2.60). Conclusions: Most follow-up anemia in each cohort was incident, underscoring the importance of anemia prevention throughout early childhood in this population. Investigation of the causes of anemia is warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cusick, SE (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K-25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM scusick@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 150 IS 4 BP 422 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.01.004 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 154VJ UT WOS:000245535600024 PM 17382124 ER PT J AU Ostchega, Y Paulose-Ram, R Dillon, CF Gu, QP Hughes, JP AF Ostchega, Yechiam Paulose-Ram, Ryne Dillon, Charles F. Gu, Qiuping Hughes, Jeffery P. TI Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and risk factors in persons aged 60 and older: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE peripheral arterial disease; risk factors; NHANES ID ANKLE-BRACHIAL INDEX; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; POPULATION; AMERICANS AB OBJECTIVES: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The study objectives were to examine the prevalence of PAD and associated risk factors. DESIGN: A cross-sectional nationally representative health examination survey. SETTING: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. PARTICIPANTS: Data from 3,947 men and women aged 60 and older who received a lower extremity examination. MEASUREMENTS: The main outcome was PAD, defined as an ankle-brachial blood pressure index of less than 0.9 in either leg. RESULTS: In older U.S. adults, PAD prevalence was 12.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 10.9-13.5%). PAD prevalence increased with age. PAD prevalence was 7.0% (95% Cl = 5.6-8.4%) for those aged 60 to 69, 12.5% (95% Cl = 10.4-14.6%), and 23.2% (95% CI = 19.8-26.7%) for those aged 70 to 79 and 80 and older. Age-adjusted estimates show that non-Hispanic black men and women and Mexican-American women had a higher prevalence of PAD than non-Hispanic white men and women (19.2%,95% Cl = 13.7-24.6%; 19.3%,95% CI = 13.3-25.2%; and 1.5.6%, 95% CI = 12.7-18.6%, respectively). The results of the fully adjusted model show that current smoking (OR = 5.48, 95% CI = 3.60-8.35), previous smoking (OR = 1.94, 95% Cl = 1.39-2.69), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.81, 95% Cl = 1.12-2.91), low kidney function (OR 2.69, 95% Cl = 1.58-4.56), mildly decreased kidney function (OR = 1.71, 95% Cl = 1.22-2.38), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein greater than 3.0 mg/L (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.24-5.85), treated but not controlled hypertension (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.40-2.72), and untreated hypertension (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.13-2.50) were all significantly associated with prevalent PAD. CONCLUSION: PAD prevalence increases with age and is associated with treatable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ostchega, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4319, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM yxo1@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 117 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 583 EP 589 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01123.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 150QK UT WOS:000245231100014 PM 17397438 ER PT J AU Inzitari, M Newman, AB Yaffe, K Boudreau, R de Rekeneire, N Shorr, R Harris, TB Rosano, C AF Inzitari, M. Newman, A. B. Yaffe, K. Boudreau, R. de Rekeneire, N. Shorr, R. Harris, T. B. Rosano, C. TI Gait speed predicts decline in attention and psychomotor speed in older adults: the health aging and body composition study. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society CY MAY 02-06, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Geriat Soc C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Florence, Unit Geriatr, Florence, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demography & Biometry, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 SU S BP S82 EP S83 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 157WQ UT WOS:000245752500243 ER PT J AU Powe, BD Ross, L Cooper, DL AF Powe, Barbara D. Ross, Louie Cooper, Dexter L. TI Attitudes and beliefs about smoking among African-American college students at historically Black Colleges and Universities SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE smoking; African Americans; historically black colleges and universities; attitudes and beliefs ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PREDICTORS; RISK; FRATERNITIES; SORORITIES; CANCER AB Smoking rates are lower among African Americans compared to Caucasians, but African Americans have higher lung cancer mortality. Guided by the Powe Fatalism Model, this descriptive study reports on attitudes and beliefs and predictors of lifetime cigarette smoking behaviors among students at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Data were collected using the Attitudes and Beliefs about Perceived Consequences of Smoking Scale and a Demographic Data Questionnaire. The majority (N=438) were female and single. More than 50% reported trying cigarettes in their lifetime and reported smoking a whole cigarette at age 15.5 years. Only 7.5% of the sample were lifetime smokers. The likelihood that a student would smoke was 15 times greater if their friends smoked and almost seven times greater if they were not members of a Greek organization compared to other students. Males associated smoking with self-confidence, endorsed the emotional benefits and influencing factors of smoking compared to females. Intervention efforts should focus on preventing the initiation of smoking as well as cessation efforts for students at HBCUs Campus clubs and organizations can play a vital role in long-term changes in smoking behaviors for these students. C1 Amer Canc Soc, Underserved Populat Res, Behav Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Powe, BD (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Underserved Populat Res, Behav Res Ctr, 1599 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM barbara.powe@cancer.org NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 4 BP 338 EP 344 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 157CE UT WOS:000245695400003 PM 17444422 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Dennehy, PH Keyserling, HL Tang, K Gentsch, JR Glass, RI Jiang, BM AF Wang, Yuhuan Dennehy, Penelope H. Keyserling, Harry L. Tang, Kevin Gentsch, Jon R. Glass, Roger I. Jiang, Baoming TI Rotavirus infection alters peripheral T-cell homeostasis in children with acute diarrhea SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID B-CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; RHESUS ROTAVIRUS; CUTTING EDGE; VP6 PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; LYMPHOCYTES; CYTOKINE; IMMUNITY AB The patterns of gene expression and the phenotypes of lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from children with diarrhea caused by rotavirus and healthy children were compared by using DNA microarray, quantitative PCR, and flow cytometry. We observed increased expression of a number of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines and interferon or interferon-stimulated proteins and demonstrated activation of some genes involved in the differentiation, maturation, activation, and survival of B lymphocytes in PBMC of patients with rotavirus infection. In contrast, we observed a consistent pattern of lower mRNA levels for an array of genes involved in the various stages of T-cell development and demonstrated a reduction in total lymphocyte populations and in the proportions of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes from PBMC of patients. This decreased frequency of T lymphocytes was transient, since the proportions of T lymphocytes recovered to almost normal levels in convalescent-phase PBMC from most patients. Finally, rotavirus infection induced the activation and expression of the early activation markers CD83 and CD69 on a fraction of CD19 B cells and the remaining CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in acute-phase PBMC of patients; the expression of CD83 continued to be elevated and was predominantly exhibited on CD4 T lymphocytes in convalescent-phase PBMC. On the basis of these findings at the molecular, phenotypic, and physiologic levels in acute-phase PBMC, we conclude that rotavirus infection induces robust proinflammatory and antiviral responses and B-cell activation but alters peripheral T-cell homeostasis in children. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Providence, RI USA. Fogarty Int Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Jiang, BM (reprint author), Natl Ctr IMmunizat & Resp Dis, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Branch, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bjiang@cdc.gov OI Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 NR 56 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 81 IS 8 BP 3904 EP 3912 DI 10.1128/JVI.01887-06 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 157BF UT WOS:000245692900023 PM 17267507 ER PT J AU Shwiff, SA Sterner, RT Jay, MT Parikh, S Bellomy, A Meltzer, MI Rupprecht, CE Slate, D AF Shwiff, Stephanie A. Sterner, Ray T. Jay, Michele T. Parikh, Shefali Bellomy, Amy Meltzer, Martin I. Rupprecht, Charles E. Slate, Dennis TI Direct and indirect costs of rabies exposure: A retrospective study in Southern California (1998-2002) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE California; direct costs; economics; indirect costs; postexposure prophylaxis; rabies ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; PREVENTION; ECONOMICS; BENEFITS; VACCINE; IMPACT; STATES AB The direct and indirect costs of suspected human rabies exposure were estimated for San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara counties, California, USA. Clinic, hospital, and county public health records (1998-2002) were examined to determine direct costs for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), and 55 (41%) former patients were contacted to voluntarily provide estimates of their indirect costs associated with receiving PEP. Additional costs due to public health and animal control personnel responses to rabid animals were collected, including diagnostic testing and wages. The mean total cost of a suspected human rabies exposure was $3,688, the direct costs per case were $2,564, and the indirect costs were $1,124 of that total. About one third of the total cost for suspected human rabies exposure was attributed to indirect costs (e.g., lost wages, transportation, and day-care fees), most of which were not reimbursable to the patient. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Vet Publ Hlth Sect, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Santa Barbara Cty Publ Hlth Dept, Santa Barbara, CA 93110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Inspect Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Shwiff, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM stephanie.a.shwiff@aphis.usda.gov NR 14 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 251 EP 257 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 177BW UT WOS:000247129600009 PM 17495309 ER PT J AU Makuc, DM Breen, N Meissner, HI Vernon, SW Cohen, A AF Makuc, Diane M. Breen, Nancy Meissner, Helen I. Vernon, Sally W. Cohen, Alan TI Financial barriers to mammography: Who pays out-of-pocket? SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CANCER SCREENING PRACTICES; CERVICAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; OLDER WOMEN; BREAST; IMPACT; INSURANCE; ETHNICITY; SERVICES; COVERAGE AB Objective: This study investigates how out-of-pocket payments for mammograms vary according to the characteristics of women and the states where they reside. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis for women >= 40 years using data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Cancer Control Module linked with state characteristics. Descriptive tabulations and logistic regressions were used to examine characteristics associated with out-of-pocket payment for a woman's most recent mammogram for the subset of approximately 7000 women reporting a mammogram within the past 2 years. Results: In 2000, the majority of women who received a mammogram within the past 2 years paid no out-of-pocket costs: 68% among those aged 40 - 64 and 85% among those aged >= 66. Among women aged 40 - 64 with a recent mammogram, characteristics associated with paying out-of-pocket for the last mammogram were white, non-Hispanic race/ethnicity, being uninsured, having non-HMO private coverage, place of residence outside the Northeast, in a non-metropolitan county, and in a state with low HMO penetration. Conclusions: Public insurance and HMO coverage have been especially effective in eliminating financial barriers to mammography, but women 40 - 64 years with public coverage still lag behind their privately insured counterparts in using mammography. Out-of-pocket costs remain a barrier to use for uninsured women. Older women, although less likely than younger women to pay out-of-pocket for mammograms, remain less likely to use mammography than younger women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NCI, Hlth Serv, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Rockville, MD USA. NCI, Econ Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Rockville, MD USA. NCI, Appl Canc Screening Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Promot & Behav Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Makuc, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6207, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM DMakuc@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA97263, R01CA76330] NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 349 EP 360 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.0072 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 158GB UT WOS:000245778600007 PM 17439380 ER PT J AU Gregory-Mercado, KY Staten, LK Gillespie, C Ranger-Moore, J Thomson, CA Giuliano, AR Will, JC Ford, ES Marshall, J AF Gregory-Mercado, Karen Y. Staten, Lisa K. Gillespie, Cathleen Ranger-Moore, James Thomson, Cynthia A. Giuliano, Anna R. Will, Julie C. Ford, Earl S. Marshall, James TI Ethnicity and nutrient intake among Arizona WISEWOMAN participants SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; MEXICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; NON-HISPANIC WHITES; UNITED-STATES; PUERTO-RICANS; FOOD-INTAKE; ENERGY; HYPERTENSION AB Background: Diet quality and risks of chronic disease have been identified, yet nutrient intakes from older uninsured populations have been scarcely described. Methods: Using the dietary intake profiles of an older, uninsured, and mostly Hispanic sample of Arizona WISEWOMAN participants, two ethnic groups were compared: Mexican American and non-Hispanic white women. Sociodemographic data related to nutrient intakes were identified. Estimated mean nutrient intakes of Mexican Americans (n = 260) and non-Hispanic white ( n = 88) women were compared based on ethnicity and acculturation levels. Using linear regression models, associations of individual characteristics were made on nutrients for which reported intakes were less than the estimated average requirement ( EAR). Results: Mexican Americans had energy, vitamin E, and niacin intakes that were significantly lower than those of non-Hispanic whites, whereas vitamin A intake was significantly higher among Mexican Americans. Less acculturated Mexican American women had significantly higher intakes of vitamin E and folate than their more acculturated counterparts. For both ethnic and acculturation groups, intakes of vitamin E, calcium, and potassium were lower than the established standards in more than 70% of this population. Having a high body mass index (BMI) was associated with lower reported energy intake and higher protein and potassium intakes, and smoking was associated with lower intakes of vitamin E and folate. Conclusions: Mexican American women had overall lower micronutrient intakes compared with uninsured non-Hispanic white older women; this difference may be attributed to their underreporting intake. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Arizona, SW Ctr Community Hlth Promot, Div Hlth Promot Sci, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Arizona Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Phys Activ Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Arizona, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Mel & Eniz Zukerman Arizona Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Nutr Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. H Lee Moffit Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. RP Gregory-Mercado, KY (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-77, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Karen.Gregory-Mercado@cigna.com OI Gillespie, Cathleen/0000-0003-1878-1055 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.M078 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 158GB UT WOS:000245778600010 PM 17439383 ER PT J AU Rao, JK Anderson, LA Inui, TS Frankel, RM AF Rao, Jaya K. Anderson, Lynda A. Inui, Thomas S. Frankel, Richard M. TI Communication interventions make a difference in conversations between physicians and patients - A systematic review of the evidence SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE physician-patient relations; communication; systematic review; interventions ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SHARED DECISION-MAKING; PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; QUESTION-ASKING; INTERPERSONAL SKILLS; CANCER CONSULTATION; GENERAL-PRACTICE; PATIENTS PARTICIPATION; INTERVIEWING SKILLS; INTERNAL-MEDICINE AB Objective: We sought to synthesize the findings of studies examining interventions to enhance the communication behaviors of physicians and patients during outpatient encounters. Methods: We conducted searches of 6 databases between 1966 and 2005 to identify studies for a systematic review and synthesis of the literature. Eligible studies tested a communication intervention; were randomized controlled trials (RCTs); objectively assessed verbal communication behaviors as the primary outcome-, and were published in English. Interventions were characterized by type (eg, information, modeling, feedback, practice), delivery strategy, and overall intensity. We abstracted information on the effects of the interventions on communication outcomes (eg, interpersonal and information exchanging behaviors). We examined the effectiveness of the interventions in improving the communication behaviors of physicians and patients. Results: Thirty-six studies were reviewed: 18 involved physicians; 15 patients; and 3 both. Of the physician interventions, 76% included 3 or 4 types, often in the form of practice and feedback sessions. Among the patient interventions, 33% involved I type, and nearly all were delivered in the waiting room. Intervention physicians were more likely than controls to receive higher ratings of their overall communication style and to exhibit specific patient-centered communication behaviors. Intervention patients obtained more information from physicians and exhibited greater involvement during the visit than controls. Conclusions: The interventions were associated with improved physician and patient communication behaviors. The challenge for future research is to design effective patient and physician interventions that can be integrated into practice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthy Aging Program, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Roudebush VA Med Ctr, Indianapolis, IN USA. Regenstrief Inst Healthcare, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Rao, JK (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jrao@cdc.gov NR 65 TC 183 Z9 188 U1 9 U2 37 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 340 EP 349 DI 10.1097/01.mlr.0000254516.04961.d5 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 157EO UT WOS:000245701600011 PM 17496718 ER PT J AU Welk, GJ Wickel, E Peterson, M Heitzler, CD Fulton, JE Potter, LD AF Welk, Gregory J. Wickel, Eric Peterson, Marc Heitzler, Carrie D. Fulton, Janet E. Potter, Lance D. TI Reliability and validity of questions on the youth media campaign longitudinal survey SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE surveillance; physical activity; accelerometer; self-report; validation ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY RECALL; ACCELEROMETER OUTPUT; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; SELF-REPORT; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; AGE; CALIBRATION; OBESITY; DISEASE AB Purpose: The study evaluated the reliability and validity of the physical activity questions in the Youth Media Campaign Longitudinal Survey (YMCLS), a nationally representative survey of 9- to 13-yr-old youth. Methods: The participants were 192 youth aged 9-13 yr (93 males and 99 females) in grades 4-8 from eight schools in a large, ethnically diverse school district. Participants completed two YMCLS phone interviews, which were administered 1 wk apart by trained interviewers. Reliability was examined by comparing data from two administrations of the survey. Validity was examined by comparing YMCLS measures from the second administration with temporally matched measures from an accelerometer and a detailed activity log. Results: Reliability coefficients were high for estimates of organized activity (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.78) and moderate for estimates of free-time activity (ICC = 0.60) and total weekly activity (ICC = 0.60). Estimates of total weekly activity sessions were significantly correlated with the accelerometer (r = 0.24) and the activity log (r = 0.46). Estimates of activity time and activity sessions on the previous day were also significantly correlated with the accelerometer (r = 0.53 and 0.37, respectively) and the activity log (r = 0.37 and 0.47, respectively). Correlations between the YMCLS and the activity log were higher for organized activity (r = 0.72) than for frec-time activity (r = 0.46). Reliability and validity coefficients were similar for boys and girls, but older youth (11-13 yr) had higher coefficients than younger students (9-10 yr). Conclusion: The YMCLS has acceptable reliability and validity for estimating habitual physical activity in youth aged 9-13 yr. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Welk, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 257 Forker Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gwelk@iastate.edu RI Schmoelz, Camilie/D-1707-2012 OI Schmoelz, Camilie/0000-0003-2221-9954 NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 612 EP 621 DI 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180305c59 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 154NF UT WOS:000245513600006 PM 17414798 ER PT J AU Kim, SY Dietz, PM England, L Morrow, B Callaghan, WM AF Kim, Shin Y. Dietz, Patricia M. England, Lucinda Morrow, Brian Callaghan, William M. TI Trends in pre-pregnancy obesity in nine states, 1993-2003 SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE population studies; women's health; pregnancy; prevalence ID GESTATIONAL DIABETES-MELLITUS; MATERNAL OBESITY; INCREASING PREVALENCE; WEIGHT-GAIN; PREGNANCY; OVERWEIGHT; OUTCOMES; RISK; STILLBIRTH; WOMEN AB Objective: Pre-pregnancy obesity poses risks to both pregnant women and their infants. This study used a large population-based data source to examine trends, from 1993 through 2003, in the prevalence of pre-pregnancy obesity among women who delivered live infants. Research Methods and Procedures: Data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System in nine states were analyzed for trends in pre-pregnancy obesity (BMI > 29.0 kg/m(2)) overall and by maternal demographic and behavioral characteristics. Pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated from self-reported weight and height on questionnaires administered after delivery, and demographic characteristics were taken from linked birth certificates. The sample of 66,221 births was weighted to adjust for survey design, non-coverage, and non-response, and it is representative of all women delivering a live birth in each particular state. The sampled births represented 18.5% of all births in the United States. Results: Pre-pregnancy obesity increased 69.3% during the study period, from 13.0% in 1993 to 1994 to 22.0% in 2002 to 2003. The percentage increase ranged from 45% to 105% for individual states. Subgroups of women with the highest prevalence of obesity in 2002 to 2003 were those who were 20 to 29 years of age, black, had three or more children, had a high school education, enrolled in Women, Infants, and Children, or were non-smokers. However, all subgroups of women examined experienced at least a 43% increase in pre-pregnancy obesity over this time period. Discussion: The prevalence of pre-pregnancy obesity is increasing among women in these nine states, and this trend has important implications for all stages of reproductive health care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kim, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Higway NE,MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM skim1@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 198 Z9 202 U1 1 U2 15 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD APR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 986 EP 993 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.621 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 157OI UT WOS:000245729300024 PM 17426334 ER PT J AU Hoover, KW Koumans, EH AF Hoover, Karen W. Koumans, Emilia H. TI Patient characteristics associated with access to newer cervical cancer screening methods SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY MAY 05-09, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 SU S BP 70S EP 71S PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 172JW UT WOS:000246801600168 ER PT J AU Geller, RJ Rubin, IL Nodvin, JT Teague, WG Frumkin, H AF Geller, Robert J. Rubin, I. Leslie Nodvin, Janice T. Teague, W. Gerald Frumkin, Howard TI Safe and healthy school environments SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOLID-WASTE LANDFILLS; CHILDREN; PREVENTION; TOXICITY; FLUID; REPLACEMENT; STRATEGIES; LEACHATES; EXERCISE; BALANCE AB Children spend much of their waking time at school. Many of the factors in the school environment can be improved with careful planning and allocation of resources. The pediatrician, as a child advocate, is in an excellent position to influence the allocation of school resources to improve the educational outcome. This article summarizes some of the current understanding gathered from applying an environmental health approach to the school setting and provides a basis for the interested physician and other child advocate to learn more and get involved. C1 Emory Univ, SE Pediat Environm Hlth Specialty Unit, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Inst Study Disadvantage & Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Geller, RJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, SE Pediat Environm Hlth Specialty Unit, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM rgeller@georgiapoisoncenter.org OI Frumkin, Howard/0000-0001-7079-3534 NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 351 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2007.01.005 PG 24 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 171EE UT WOS:000246716900009 PM 17448364 ER PT J AU Haymond, M Anderson, B Barrera, P Brosnan, P Bush, C Green, T Holden, H Jeha, G Jones, M McGirk, S McKay, S Miller, D Schreiner, B Zarate, M Dahms, W Casey, T Cuttler, L Drotar, D Frieson, E Levers-Landis, C McGuigan, P Palmert, M Sundararajan, S Witherspoon, D Geffner, M Chang, N Dreimane, D Estrada, S Fabian, J Halvorson, M Hollen, B Kaufman, F Munoz, C Ward, A Yasuda, P Katz, L Allegretto, R Carchidi, C Kaplan, J Lassiter, C Magge, S Sababu, S Schwartzman, B Willi, S Arslanian, S Bacha, F Foster, S Hannon, T Kolenc, K Kriska, A Libman, I Marcus, M Rofey, D Scanlon, P Songer, T Venditti, E Weisbrod, V Goland, R Belle, J Cain, R Kringas, P Leibel, N Ng, D Ovalles, M Robbins, K Seidman, D Siegel-Czarkowski, L Nathan, D Laffel, L Angelescou, A Bissett, L Ciccarelli, C Corrales-Yauckoes, K Delahanty, L Goldman, V Higgins, L Hood, K Larkin, M Lee, M Levitsky, L Malloy, M McEachern, R Milaszewski, K Norman, D Nwosu, B Orkin, L Park-Bennett, S Richards, D Rodriguez-Ventura, A Sheehy, M Soyka, L Steiner, B Weinstock, R Bowerman, D Bratt, K Carusone, S Doolittle, S Duncan, K Franklin, R Hartsig, J Izquierdo, R Kearns, J Meyer, S Saletsky, R Trief, P Zeitler, P Bellon, K Cain, C Celona-Jacobs, N Gaskell, L Glazner, J Hanze, D Higgins, J Hoe, F Klingen-smith, G McCann, T Nadeau, K Van Dorsten, B Walders, N Copeland, K Brown, R Chadwick, J Macha, C Nordyke, A Olson, D Poulsen, T Pratt, L Preske, J Schanuel, J Sternlof, S Hale, D Amodei, N Favela-Prezas, R Gonzalez, D Haffner, S Hernandez, C Lozano, R Lynch, J Rivera, S Rodriguez, M Rupert, G Wauters, A White, N Tollefsen, S Arbelaez, A Carnes, S Dempsher, D Flomo, D Harris, M Jones, T Kociela, V Sadler, M Whelan, T Wolff, B Caprio, S Estrada, E Grey, M Guandalini, C Lavietes, S Rose, P Syme, A Tamborlane, W Hirst, K Coombs, L Drilea, S Edelstein, S Grover, N Lau, A Long, C Pyle, L Linder, B Marcovina, S Strylewicz, G Shepherd, J Sherman, M Mayer-Davis, E Thadikonda, P Wilfley, D Franklin, K O'Brien, D Patterson, J Tibbs, T Van Buren, D Welch, R Epstein, L Zhang, P Zeitler, P Epstein, L Grey, M Hirst, K Kaufman, F Tamborlane, W Wilfley, D AF Haymond, M. Anderson, B. Barrera, P. Brosnan, P. Bush, C. Green, T. Holden, H. Jeha, G. Jones, M. McGirk, S. McKay, S. Miller, D. Schreiner, B. Zarate, M. Dahms, W. Casey, T. Cuttler, L. Drotar, D. Frieson, E. Levers-Landis, C. McGuigan, P. Palmert, M. Sundararajan, S. Witherspoon, D. Geffner, M. Chang, N. Dreimane, D. Estrada, S. Fabian, J. Halvorson, M. Hollen, B. Kaufman, F. Munoz, C. Ward, A. Yasuda, P. Katz, L. Allegretto, R. Carchidi, C. Kaplan, J. Lassiter, C. Magge, S. Sababu, S. Schwartzman, B. Willi, S. Arslanian, S. Bacha, F. Foster, S. Hannon, T. Kolenc, K. Kriska, A. Libman, I. Marcus, M. Rofey, D. Scanlon, P. Songer, T. Venditti, E. Weisbrod, V. Goland, R. Belle, J. Cain, R. Kringas, P. Leibel, N. Ng, D. Ovalles, M. Robbins, K. Seidman, D. Siegel-Czarkowski, L. Nathan, D. Laffel, L. Angelescou, A. Bissett, L. Ciccarelli, C. Corrales-Yauckoes, K. Delahanty, L. Goldman, V. Higgins, L. Hood, K. Larkin, M. Lee, M. Levitsky, L. Malloy, M. McEachern, R. Milaszewski, K. Norman, D. Nwosu, B. Orkin, L. Park-Bennett, S. Richards, D. Rodriguez-Ventura, A. Sheehy, M. Soyka, L. Steiner, B. Weinstock, R. Bowerman, D. Bratt, K. Carusone, S. Doolittle, S. Duncan, K. Frnaklin, R. Hartsig, J. Izquierdo, R. Kearns, J. Meyer, S. Saletsky, R. Trief, P. Zeitler, P. Bellon, K. Cain, C. Celona-Jacobs, N. Gaskell, L. Glazner, J. Hanze, D. Higgins, J. Hoe, F. Klingen-smith, G. McCann, T. Nadeau, K. Van Dorsten, B. Walders, N. Copeland, K. Brown, R. Chadwick, J. Macha, C. Nordyke, A. Olson, D. Poulsen, T. Pratt, L. Preske, J. Schanuel, J. Sternlof, S. Hale, D. Amodei, N. Favela-Prezas, R. Gonzalez, D. Haffner, S. Hernandez, C. Lozano, R. Lynch, J. Rivera, S. Rodriguez, M. Rupert, G. Wauters, A. White, N. Tollefsen, S. Arbelaez, A. Carnes, S. Dempsher, D. Flomo, D. Harris, M. Jones, T. Kociela, V. Sadler, M. Whelan, T. Wolff, B. Caprio, S. Estrada, E. Grey, M. Guandalini, C. Lavietes, S. Rose, P. Syme, A. Tamborlane, W. Hirst, K. Coombs, L. Drilea, S. Edelstein, S. Grover, N. Lau, A. Long, C. Pyle, L. Linder, B. Marovina, S. Strylewicz, G. Shepherd, J. Sherman, M. Mayer-Davis, E. Thadikonda, P. Wilfley, D. Franklin, K. O'Brien, D. Patterson, J. Tibbs, T. Van Buren, D. Welch, R. Epstein, L. Zhang, P. Zeitler, P. Epstein, L. Grey, M. Hirst, K. Kaufman, F. Tamborlane, W. Wilfley, D. CA TODAY Study Grp TI Treatment options for type 2 diabetes in adolescents and youth: a study of the comparative efficacy of metformin alone or in combination with rosiglitazone or lifestyle intervention in adolescents with type 2 diabetes SO PEDIATRIC DIABETES LA English DT Review DE adolescents; lifestyle change; metformin; obesity; thiazolidinedione; type 2 diabetes ID BETA-CELL FUNCTION; HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE TEST; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OBESE CHILDREN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; WEIGHT CHANGE AB Despite the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the pediatric population, there is limited information about the relative effectiveness of treatment approaches. This article describes the rationale and design of a National Institutes of Health-sponsored multi-site, randomized, parallel group clinical trial designed to test the hypothesis that aggressive reduction in insulin resistance early in the course of T2DM is beneficial for prolongation of glycemic control, as well as improvement in associated abnormalities and risk factors. Specifically, the trial compares treatment with metformin with two alternate approaches, one pharmacologic (combining metformin treatment with rosiglitazone) and one combining metformin with an intensive lifestyle intervention program. The Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study recruits 800 patients over a 4-yr period and follows them for a minimum of 2 yr and maximum of 6 yr. Patients are 10-17 yr of age, within 2 yr of diagnosis of diabetes at the time of randomization, lack evidence of autoimmunity, and have sustained C-peptide secretion. The primary outcome is time to loss of glycemic control, defined as a hemoglobin Alc >8% for 6 consecutive months. Secondary outcomes include the effect of the alternative treatments on insulin secretion and resistance, body composition, nutrition, physical activity and fitness, cardiovascular risk monitoring, microvascular complications, quality of life, depression, eating pathology, and resource utilization. TODAY is the first large-scale, systematic study of treatment effectiveness for T2DM in youth. When successfully completed, this study will provide critical new information regarding the natural history of T2DM in youth, the benefits of initiating early aggressive treatment in these patients, and the efficacy of delivering an intensive and sustained lifestyle intervention to children with T2DM. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NIDDK, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, DEXA Reading Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ S Carolina, Diet Assessment Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Washington Univ, Lifestyle Program Core, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Haymond, M (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Kriska, Andrea/0000-0002-3522-0869; Jeha, George/0000-0002-3531-5059 NR 100 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1399-543X J9 PEDIATR DIABETES JI Pediatr. Diabetes PD APR PY 2007 VL 8 IS 2 BP 74 EP 87 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics GA 185SR UT WOS:000247731200005 ER PT J AU Widdowson, MA Meltzer, MI Zhang, XZ Bresee, JS Parashar, UD Glass, RI AF Widdowson, Marc-Alain Meltzer, Martin I. Zhang, Xinzhi Bresee, Joseph S. Parashar, Umesh D. Glass, Roger I. TI Cost-effectiveness and potential impact of rotavirus vaccination in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE rotavirus vaccines; cost-benefit analysis; United States ID CHILD-CARE CENTERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DISEASE BURDEN; US CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; GASTROENTERITIS; INFECTION; HOSPITALIZATIONS; IMMUNIZATION; ETIOLOGY AB OBJECTIVE. In February 2006, a safe, efficacious, orally administered pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine was licensed and recommended for routine immunization of all children in the United States. We assessed the health and economic impacts of a national rotavirus immunization program in the United States. METHODS. Monte Carlo cost-effectiveness analyses, from health care and societal perspectives, of vaccination of a hypothetical US birth cohort of 4 010 000 children monitored from birth to 59 months of age were performed. We compared the disease and economic burden of rotavirus infection in an unvaccinated cohort of children with one vaccinated at 2, 4, and 6 months with pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine. RESULTS. A routine rotavirus immunization program would prevent 13 deaths, 44 000 hospitalizations, 137 000 emergency department visits, 256 000 office visits, and 1 100 000 episodes requiring only home care for children < 5 years of age in the United States. Assuming costs of administration of $10, the break-even price per dose of vaccine was $42 from the societal perspective and $12 from the health care perspective. From the societal perspective, at the manufacturer's price of $62.50 per dose, vaccination would cost $138 per case averted, $3024 per serious case averted, and $197 190 per life-year saved, at a total cost of $515 million to the health care system and $216 million to society. Key variables influencing the results were parental workdays lost, costs of hospitalization, emergency department visits, and child care. CONCLUSIONS. Despite a higher burden of serious rotavirus disease than estimated previously, routine rotavirus vaccination would unlikely be cost-saving in the United States at present. Nonetheless, rotavirus vaccination may still be considered a cost-effective intervention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Viral Gastroenteritis Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Widdowson, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Viral Gastroenteritis Team, Mailstop A34,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mwiddowson@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 143 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP 684 EP 697 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2876 PG 14 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 153BH UT WOS:000245406200030 PM 17403839 ER PT J AU Poehling, KA Szilagyi, PG Grijalva, CG Martin, SW LaFleur, B Mitchel, E Barth, RD Nuorti, JP Griffin, MR AF Poehling, Katherine A. Szilagyi, Peter G. Grijalva, Carlos G. Martin, Stacey W. LaFleur, Bonnie Mitchel, Ed Barth, Richard D. Nuorti, J. Pekka Griffin, Marie R. TI Reduction of frequent otitis media and pressure-equalizing tube insertions in children after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE otitis media; pressure-equalizing tubes; middle ear ventilation tubes; tympanostomy tubes; epidemiology; pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ID UNITED-STATES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; IMPACT; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTIONS; EFFICACY; INFANTS AB OBJECTIVE. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of otitis media in children. In this study we estimated the effect of routine childhood immunization with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on frequent otitis media (3 episodes in 6 months or 4 episodes in 1 year) and pressure-equalizing tube insertions. PATIENTS AND METHODS. The study population included all children who were enrolled at birth in TennCare or selected upstate New York commercial insurance plans as of July 1998 and continuously followed until 5 years old, loss of health plan enrollment, study outcome, or end of the study. We compared the risk of developing frequent otitis media or having pressure-equalizing tube insertion for 4 birth cohorts (1998 - 1999, 1999 - 2000, 2000 - 2001, and 2001 - 2002) by using Cox regression analysis. We used data from the National Immunization Survey to estimate the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine uptake for children in these 4 birth cohorts in Tennessee and New York. RESULTS. The proportion of children in Tennessee and New York who received at least 3 doses of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by 2 years of age increased from <= 1% for the 1998 - 1999 birth cohort to similar to 75% for the 2000 - 2001 birth cohort. By age 2 years, 29% of Tennessee and New York children born in 2000 - 2001 had developed frequent otitis media, and 6% of each of these birth cohorts had pressure-equalizing tubes inserted. Comparing the 2000 - 2001 birth cohort to the 1998 - 1999 birth cohort, frequent otitis media declined by 17% and 28%, and pressure-equalizing tube insertions declined by 16% and 23% for Tennessee and New York children, respectively. For the 2000 - 2001 to the 2001 2002 birth cohort, frequent otitis media and pressure-equalizing tubes remained stable in New York but increased in Tennessee. CONCLUSIONS. After heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction, children were less likely to develop frequent otitis media or have pressure-equalizing tube insertions. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Poehling, KA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM kpoehlin@wfubmc.edu FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-0825]; NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI065805]; PHS HHS [U38/CCU417958, U50/CCU30086] NR 41 TC 115 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP 707 EP 715 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2138 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 153BH UT WOS:000245406200032 PM 17403841 ER PT J AU Coffin, SE Zaoutis, TE Rosenquist, ABW Heydon, K Herrera, G Bridges, CB Watson, B Localio, R Hodinka, RL Keren, R AF Coffin, Susan E. Zaoutis, Theoklis E. Wheeler Rosenquist, Anna B. Heydon, Kateri Herrera, Guillermo Bridges, Carolyn B. Watson, Barbara Localio, Russell Hodinka, Richard L. Keren, Ron TI Incidence, complications, and risk factors for prolonged stay in children hospitalized with community-acquired influenza SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE influenza; child; epidemiology ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; OUTPATIENT VISITS; UNITED-STATES; BURDEN; VACCINATION; INFANTS; DISEASE; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIONS AB OBJECTIVES. Few studies have examined the characteristics and clinical course of children hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza. We sought to (1) estimate the age-specific incidence of influenza-related hospitalizations, (2) describe the characteristics and clinical course of children hospitalized with influenza, and (3) identify risk factors for prolonged hospitalization. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Children <= 21 years of age hospitalized with community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza at a large urban children's hospital were identified through review of laboratory records and administrative data sources. A neighborhood cohort embedded within our study population was used to estimate the incidence of community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among children < 18 years old. Risk factors for prolonged hospitalization (> 6 days) were determined by using logistic regression. RESULTS. We identified 745 children hospitalized with community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza during the 4-year study period. In this urban cohort, the incidence of community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization was 7 per 10 000 child-years of observation. The median age was 1.8 years; 25% were infants < 6 months old, and 77% were children < 5 years old. Many children (49%) had a medical condition associated with an increased risk of influenza-related complications. The incidence of influenza-related complications was higher among children with a preexisting high-risk condition than for previously healthy children (29% vs 21%). However, only cardiac and neurologic/neuromuscular diseases were found to be independent risk factors for prolonged hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS. Influenza is a common cause of hospitalization among both healthy and chronically ill children. Children with cardiac or neurologic/ neuromuscular disease are at increased risk of prolonged hospitalization; therefore, children with these conditions and their contacts should be a high priority to receive vaccine. The impact on pediatric hospitalization of the new recommendation to vaccinate all children 6 months to < 5 years old should be assessed. C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Gen Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Anat Pathol & Clin Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Coffin, SE (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Gen Pediat, 34th St & Civic Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM coffin@email.chop.edu FU PHS HHS [H23/CCH32253-02] NR 31 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP 740 EP 748 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2679 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 153BH UT WOS:000245406200036 PM 17403845 ER PT J AU Chen, JR Kresnow, MJ Simon, TR Dellinger, A AF Chen, Jieru Kresnow, Marcie-jo Simon, Thomas R. Dellinger, Ann TI Injury-prevention counseling and behavior among US children: Results from the second injury control and risk survey SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE injury; counseling; safety behaviors ID ATTITUDES AB OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to provide recent national prevalence estimates of pediatric injury-prevention counseling by health care providers, to compare these latest findings with those from a similar survey conducted in 1994, and to ascertain the association between counseling and safety behaviors. METHODS. We conducted a cross-sectional, list-assisted random-digit- dial telephone survey of randomly selected children in English- or Spanish-speaking households in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia. The main outcome measures were respondents' reports that they or their children received injury-prevention counseling from their child's health care provider in the 12 months preceding the interview, children's practices of safety behaviors, and the association of injury-prevention counseling and such behaviors. RESULTS. The overall proportion of US children receiving any injury-prevention counseling (42.4%) remained relatively unchanged, whereas counseling on selected injury-prevention topics increased significantly compared with reports based on the 1994 survey. Topic-specific injury- prevention counseling was positively associated with the posting of the poison control center telephone number in homes with children < 6 years of age and with bicycle-helmet use among children 5 to 14 years of age. CONCLUSIONS. Although the prevalence of pediatric injury- prevention counseling remains low, such counseling was associated with safer behaviors. This suggests the importance of pediatric injury- prevention counseling and indicates the need for health care providers to increase pediatric injury- prevention counseling in clinical practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chen, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Mailstop K59,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM chen@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP E958 EP E965 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1605 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 153BH UT WOS:000245406200021 PM 17403833 ER PT J AU Malik, S Cleves, MA Zhao, WZ Correa, A Hobbs, CA AF Malik, Sadia Cleves, Mario A. Zhao, Weizhi Correa, Adolfo Hobbs, Charlotte A. CA National Birth Defeats Prevention TI Association between congenital heart defects and small for gestational age SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE small for gestational age; cardiac disease; congenital anomalies ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MATERNAL SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS; CARDIAC OPERATIONS; INFANTS; DISEASE; POPULATION; FETAL AB OBJECTIVES. Infants with congenital heart defects may experience inhibited growth during fetal life. In a large case-control study, we addressed the hypothesis that infants with congenital heart defects are more likely to be small for gestational age than infants without congenital heart defects after controlling for selected maternal and infant characteristics. METHODS. Using data from population-based birth defect registries, the National Birth Defects Prevention Study enrolled infants with nonsyndromic congenital heart defects ( case subjects) and infants without congenital heart defects or any other birth defect ( control subjects). Small for gestational age was defined as birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age and gender. Association between congenital heart defects and small for gestational age was examined by conditional logistic regression adjusting for maternal covariates related to fetal growth. RESULTS. Live-born singleton infants with congenital heart defects ( case subjects, n=3395) and live-born singleton infants with no birth defect ( control subjects, n=3924) were included in this study. Case subjects had lower birth weights compared with control subjects. Small for gestational age was observed among 15.2% of case subjects and among only 7.8% of control subjects. Congenital heart defect infants were significantly more likely to be small for gestational age than control infants. CONCLUSIONS. Infants with congenital heart defects are approximately twice as likely to be small for gestational age as control subjects. Small for gestational age status may affect clinical management decisions, therapeutic response, and prognosis of neonates with congenital heart defects. Although the etiology of growth retardation among infants with congenital heart defects is uncertain, further exploration may uncover a common pathogenesis or causal relationship between congenital heart defects and small for gestational age. C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72201 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Med, Arkansas Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Little Rock, AR 72201 USA. Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hobbs, CA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, 1120 Marshall St,Mail Slot 512-40, Little Rock, AR 72201 USA. EM hobbscharlotte@uams.edu RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU613236] NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP E976 EP E982 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2742 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 153BH UT WOS:000245406200023 PM 17387169 ER PT J AU Schulte, J Dominguez, K Sukalac, T Bohannon, B Fowler, MG AF Schulte, Joann Dominguez, Ken Sukalac, Thomas Bohannon, Beverly Fowler, Mary Glenn CA Pediatric Spectrum HIV Disease Con TI Declines in low birth weight and preterm birth among infants who were born to HIV-infected women during an era of increased use of maternal antiretroviral drugs: Pediatric spectrum of HIV disease, 1989-2004 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE low birth weight; preterm birth; HIV-infected women ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MEDICAID PRENATAL-CARE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; INCREASED RISK; OUTCOMES; THERAPY; ZIDOVUDINE; DELIVERY AB OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to determine trends in low birth weight and preterm birth among US infants born to HIV-infected women. METHODS. We used data from the longitudinal Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease, a large HIV cohort, to assess trends in low birth weight and preterm birth from 1989 to 2004 among 11 321 study infants. Among women with prenatal care, we also assessed risk factors, including maternal antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, that were predictive of low birth weight and preterm birth using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS. Overall, 11 231 of 14 464 infants who were enrolled in Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease were tested during the neonatal period. From 1989 to 2004, testing increased from 32% to 97%. The proportion of HIV-exposed infants who had low birth weight decreased from 35% to 21% and occurred in all racial/ ethnic groups. Prevalence of preterm birth decreased from 35% to 22% and occurred in all groups. Any maternal antiretroviral therapy use increased from 2% to 84%. Among 8793 women who had prenatal care, low birth weight was associated with a history of illicit maternal drug use, unknown maternal HIV status before delivery, symptomatic maternal HIV disease, black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and infant HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy or lack of it was not associated with low birth weight. Among women with prenatal care, preterm birth was associated with a history of illicit maternal drug use, symptomatic maternal HIV disease, no antiretroviral therapy, receipt of a 3-drug highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen with protease inhibitors, black race, and infant HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS. The proportion of infants who had low birth weight or were born preterm declined during an era of increased maternal antiretroviral therapies. These Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease trends differ from the overall increases in both outcomes among the US population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schulte, J (reprint author), Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Reg 2-3,1301 S Bowen Rd,Suite 200, Arlington, TX 76013 USA. EM jsz1@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP E900 EP E906 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1123 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 153BH UT WOS:000245406200015 PM 17353299 ER PT J AU Holtz, TH AF Holtz, Timothy H. TI XDR-TB in South Africa: Revised definition SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holtz, TH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM tholtz@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 770 EP 770 AR e161 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040161 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 160MX UT WOS:000245947000027 PM 17455996 ER PT J AU Tsai, J Floyd, RL Bertrand, J AF Tsai, James Floyd, R. Louise Bertrand, Jacquelyn TI Tracking binge drinking among US childbearing-age women SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alcohol; binge drinking; childbearing-age women; FAS; FASDs; prevention ID FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CONSUMPTION; TIME; RISK AB Objective. The purpose of this analysis was to track the estimated prevalence of binge drinking for the years 2001-2003 among U.S. women of childbearing age in order to inform ongoing efforts to prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Method. A total of 58,431, 64,18 1, and 65,678 women aged 18-44 for the years 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively, participated in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. The estimated binge drinking prevalence for each survey year and changes in these estimates for the entire survey period were calculated for these women. Results. The estimated binge drinking prevalence among childbearing-age women 18-44 years for the years 2001, 2002, and 2003 was 11.9%, 12.4%, and 13.0%, respectively. The estimated number of childbearing-age women who engaged in binge drinking rose from 6.2 million in 2001 to 7.1 million in 2003, an increase of 0.9 million. Conclusion. The results of this analysis provide support for enhancing efforts among healthcare providers to identify and intervene with childbearing-age women who engage in alcohol use that can increase their risks for various health problems, including an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Diasabilities, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevent Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tsai, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Diasabilities, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevent Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jxt9@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 298 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.10.002 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 163XD UT WOS:000246195600005 PM 17150249 ER PT J AU Mokdad, AH Brewer, RD Warner, L AF Mokdad, Ali H. Brewer, Robert D. Warner, Lee TI Binge drinking is a problem that cannot be ignored SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ALCOHOL; PREGNANCY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chrin Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult Commun Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Method Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chrin Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult Commun Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Mailstop K66,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ahm1@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 303 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.01.007 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 163XD UT WOS:000246195600006 PM 17335889 ER PT J AU Vrijheid, M Cardis, E Blettner, M Gilbert, E Hakama, M Hill, C Howe, G Kaldor, J Muirhead, CR Schubauer-Berigan, M Yoshimura, T Ahn, YO Ashmore, P Auvinen, A Bae, JM Engels, H Gulis, G Habib, RR Hosoda, Y Kurtinaitis, J Malker, H Moser, M Rodriguez-Artalejo, E Rogel, A Tardy, H Telle-Lamberton, M Turai, I Usel, M Veress, K AF Vrijheid, M. Cardis, E. Blettner, M. Gilbert, E. Hakama, M. Hill, C. Howe, G. Kaldor, J. Muirhead, C. R. Schubauer-Berigan, M. Yoshimura, T. Ahn, Y-O Ashmore, P. Auvinen, A. Bae, J-M. Engels, H. Gulis, G. Habib, R. R. Hosoda, Y. Kurtinaitis, J. Malker, H. Moser, M. Rodriguez-Artalejo, E. Rogel, A. Tardy, H. Telle-Lamberton, M. Turai, I. Usel, M. Veress, K. TI The 15-country collaborative study of cancer risk among radiation workers in the nuclear industry: Design, epidemiological methods and descriptive results SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPUTERIZED RECORD LINKAGE; NATIONAL DEATH INDEX; LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE; IONIZING-RADIATION; MORTALITY DATA; HANFORD SITE; FOLLOW-UP; COHORT; RATES; COMPARABILITY AB Radiation protection standards are based mainly on risk estimates from studies of atomic bomb survivors in Japan. The validity of extrapolations from the relatively high-dose acute exposures in this population to the low-dose, protracted or fractionated environmental and occupational exposures of primary public health concern has long been the subject of controversy. A collaborative retrospective cohort study was conducted to provide direct estimates of cancer risk after low-dose protracted exposures. The study included nearly 600,000 workers employed in 154 facilities in 15 countries. This paper describes the design, methods and results of descriptive analyses of the study. The main analyses included 407,391 nuclear industry workers employed for at least 1 year in a participating facility who were monitored individually for external radiation exposure and whose doses resulted predominantly from exposure to higher-energy photon radiation. The total duration of follow-up was 5,192,710 person-years. There were 24,158 deaths from all causes, including 6,734 deaths from cancer. The total collective dose was 7,892 Sv. The overall average cumulative recorded dose was 19.4 mSv. A strong healthy worker effect was observed in most countries. This study provides the largest body of direct evidence to date on the effects of low-dose protracted exposures to external photon radiation. (c) 2007 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon 08, France. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Med Biometrie, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Natl Canc Inst, Div Epidemiol & Genet, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Tampere, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. Inst Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Finnish Canc Registry, Helsinki, Finland. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Natl Ctr HIV Epidemiol & Clin Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Chilton, England. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Inst Ind Ecol Sci, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea. Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki, Finland. Jeju Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chejudo, South Korea. CEN SCK, Nucl Res Ctr, Radiat Protect Div, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. FANC, Brussels, Belgium. Trnava Univ, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Fac Hlth Care & Social Work, Trnava, Slovakia. Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Hlth Sci, Beirut, Lebanon. Vilnius State Univ, Inst Oncol, Lithuanian Canc Registry, Vilnius, Lithuania. Sundsvall Hosp, Midsweden Res & Dev Ctr, Sundsvall, Sweden. Fed Off Publ Hlth, Bern, Switzerland. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Elect France, Serv Cent Appui Sante Travail, Paris, France. Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. Natl Fodor Jozsef Publ Hlth Ctr, Natl Frederic Joliot Curie Res Inst Radiobiol & R, Budapest, Hungary. Semmelweis Univ, Dept Dermatol Venereol & Dermatooncol, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary. RP Vrijheid, M (reprint author), Int Agcy Res Canc, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon 08, France. EM vrijheid@iarc.fr RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009; Ahn, Yoon-Ok/J-5530-2012; Kaldor, John /D-4545-2011; Gulis, Gabriel/E-4505-2013; Cardis, Elisabeth/C-3904-2017; Vrijheid, M/H-2702-2014; OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X; Vrijheid, M/0000-0002-7090-1758; Auvinen, Anssi/0000-0003-1125-4818 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU011778] NR 45 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 7 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 167 IS 4 BP 361 EP 379 DI 10.1667/RR0554.1 PG 19 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 152AM UT WOS:000245332500001 PM 17388694 ER PT J AU Thierry-Chef, I Marshall, M Fix, JJ Bermann, F Gilbert, ES Hacker, C Heinmiller, B Murray, W Pearce, MS Utterback, D Bernar, K Deboodt, P Eklof, M Griciene, B Holan, K Hyvonen, H Kerekes, A Lee, MC Moser, M Pernicka, F Cardis, E AF Thierry-Chef, I. Marshall, M. Fix, J. J. Bermann, F. Gilbert, E. S. Hacker, C. Heinmiller, B. Murray, W. Pearce, M. S. Utterback, D. Bernar, K. Deboodt, P. Eklof, M. Griciene, B. Holan, K. Hyvonen, H. Kerekes, A. Lee, M-C. Moser, M. Pernicka, F. Cardis, E. TI The 15-country collaborative study of cancer risk among radiation workers in the nuclear industry: Study of errors in dosimetry SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IONIZING-RADIATION; EXPOSURE; ENERGY; UNCERTAINTY; MORTALITY; COUNTRIES; POWER AB To provide direct estimates of cancer risk after low-dose protracted exposure to ionizing radiation, a large-scale epidemiological study of nuclear industry workers was conducted in 15 countries. As part of this study, identification and quantification of errors in historical recorded doses was conducted based on a review of dosimetric practices and technologies in participating facilities. The main sources of errors on doses from "high-energy" photons (100-3000 keV) were identified as the response of dosimeters in workplace exposure conditions and historical calibration practices. Errors related to dosimetry technology and radiation fields were quantified to derive period- and facility-specific estimates of bias and uncertainties in recorded doses. This was based on (1) an evaluation of predominant workplace radiation from measurement studies and dosimetry expert assessment and (2) an estimation of the energy and geometry response of dosimeters used historically in study facilities. Coefficients were derived to convert recorded doses to HP(10) and organ dose, taking into account different aspects of the calibration procedures. A parametric, lognormal error structure model was developed to describe errors in doses as a function of facility and time period. Doses from other radiation types, particularly neutrons and radionuclide intake, could not be adequately reconstructed in the framework of the 15-Country Study. Workers with substantial doses from these radiation types were therefore identified and excluded from analyses. Doses from "lower-energy" photons (< 100 keV) and from "higher-energy" photons (> 3 MeV) were estimated to be small. (c) 2007 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. Twin Trees, Didcot, Oxon, England. Dade Moeller & Associates, Richland, WA USA. CEA, Paris, France. Natl Canc Inst, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Radiat Protect Serv, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Chalk River Labs, AECL Radiat Biol & Hlth Phys Branch, Chalk River, ON, Canada. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Clin Med Sci, Paediat & Lifecourse Epidemiol Res Grp, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Asoc Espanola Ind Elect UNESA, Madrid, Spain. CEN SCK, Nucl Res Ctr, Radiat Protect Div, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Statens Vattenfallsverk Forsmark, Osthammer, Sweden. Radiat Protect Ctr, Vilnius, Lithuania. Slovenske Elektrarne AS, Bratislava, Slovakia. STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki, Finland. Natl Fodor Jozsef Publ Hlth Ctr, Natl Frederic Joliot Curie Res Inst Radiobiol & R, Budapest, Hungary. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Nucl Med, Seoul, South Korea. Fed Off Publ Hlth, Bern, Switzerland. IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Cardis, E (reprint author), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon 08, France. EM cardis@iarc.fr RI Cardis, Elisabeth/C-3904-2017 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU011778] NR 49 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 167 IS 4 BP 380 EP 395 DI 10.1667/RR0552.1 PG 16 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 152AM UT WOS:000245332500002 PM 17388692 ER PT J AU Cardis, E Vrijheid, M Blettner, M Gilbert, E Hakama, M Hill, C Howe, G Kaldor, J Muirhead, CR Schubauer-Berigan, M Yoshimura, T Bermann, F Cowper, G Fix, J Hacker, C Heinmiller, B Marshall, M Thierry-Chef, I Utterback, D Ahn, YO Amoros, E Ashmore, P Auvinen, A Bae, JM Bernar, J Biau, A Combalot, E Deboodt, P Sacristan, AD Eklof, M Engels, H Engholm, G Gulis, G Habib, RR Holan, K Hyvonen, H Kerekes, A Kurtinaitis, J Malker, H Martuzzi, M Mastauskas, A Monnet, A Moser, M Pearce, MS Richardson, DB Rodriguez-Artalejo, F Rogel, A Tardy, H Telle-Lamberton, M Turai, I Usel, M Veress, K AF Cardis, E. Vrijheid, M. Blettner, M. Gilbert, E. Hakama, M. Hill, C. Howe, G. Kaldor, J. Muirhead, C. R. Schubauer-Berigan, M. Yoshimura, T. Bermann, F. Cowper, G. Fix, J. Hacker, C. Heinmiller, B. Marshall, M. Thierry-Chef, I. Utterback, D. Ahn, Y-O Amoros, E. Ashmore, P. Auvinen, A. Bae, J-M. Bernar, J. Biau, A. Combalot, E. Deboodt, P. Sacristan, A. Diez Eklof, M. Engels, H. Engholm, G. Gulis, G. Habib, R. R. Holan, K. Hyvonen, H. Kerekes, A. Kurtinaitis, J. Malker, H. Martuzzi, M. Mastauskas, A. Monnet, A. Moser, M. Pearce, M. S. Richardson, D. B. Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. Rogel, A. Tardy, H. Telle-Lamberton, M. Turai, I. Usel, M. Veress, K. TI The 15-country collaborative study of cancer risk among radiation workers in the nuclear industry: Estimates of radiation-related cancer risks SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL DOSE REGISTRY; EXTERNAL IONIZING-RADIATION; CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; HANFORD SITE; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; LUNG-CANCER; FOLLOW-UP; PLUTONIUM; COUNTRIES; CANADA AB A 15-Country collaborative cohort study was conducted to provide direct estimates of cancer risk following protracted low doses of ionizing radiation. Analyses included 407,391 nuclear industry workers monitored individually for external radiation and 5.2 million person-years of follow-up. A significant association was seen between radiation dose and all-cause mortality [excess relative risk (ERR) 0.42 per Sv, 90% CI 0.07, 0.79; 18,993 deaths]. This was mainly attributable to a dose-related increase in all cancer mortality (ERR/Sv 0.97, 90% CI 0.28, 1.77; 5233 deaths). Among 31 specific types of malignancies studied, a significant association was found for lung cancer (ERR/Sv 1.86, 90% CI 0.49, 3.63; 1457 deaths) and a borderline significant (P = 0.06) association for multiple myeloma (ERR/Sv 6.15, 90% CI < 0, 20.6; 83 deaths) and ill-defined and secondary cancers (ERR/Sv 1.96, 90% CI -0.26, 5.90; 328 deaths). Stratification on duration of employment had a large effect on the ERR/Sv, reflecting a strong healthy worker survivor effect in these cohorts. This is the largest analytical epidemiological study of the effects of low-dose protracted exposures to ionizing radiation to date. Further studies will be important to better assess the role of tobacco and other occupational exposures in our risk estimates. (c) 2007 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon 08, France. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Med Biometrie, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Tampere, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. Finnish Canc Registry, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland. Inst Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Natl Ctr HIV Epidemiol & Clin Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Didcot, Oxon, England. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Inst Ind Ecol Sci, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan. CEA, Conseiller Med, Paris, France. Atom Energy Commiss Canada, Deep River, ON, Canada. Dade Moeller & Associates, Richland, WA USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Radiat Protect Serv, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. ACEL Radiat Biol & Hlth Phys Branch, Chalk River, ON, Canada. Twin Trees, Didcot, Oxon, England. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea. Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki, Finland. Jeju Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chejudo, South Korea. UNESA, Madrid, Spain. DEAS, DESTQ, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, Le Vesinet, France. CEN SCK, Nucl Res Ctr, Radiat Protect Div, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Consejo Seguridad Nucl, Madrid, Spain. Statens Vattenfallsverk Forsmark, Osthammer, Sweden. FANC, Brussels, Belgium. Natl Board Hlth & Welf, Stockholm, Sweden. Trnava Univ, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Fac Hlth Care & Social Work, Trnava, Slovakia. Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Hlth Sci, Beirut, Lebanon. Slovenske Elektrarne AS, Bratislava, Slovakia. Natl Fodor Jozsef Publ Hlth Cre, Natl Frederic Joliot Curie, Res Inst Radiobiol & Radiohyg, Budapest, Hungary. Vilnius State Univ, Lithuanian Canc Registry, Inst Oncol, Vilnius, Lithuania. Sundsvall Hosp, Midsweden Res & Dev Ctr, Sundsvall, Sweden. WHO, European Ctr Environm & Hlth, Rome, Italy. Radiat Protect Ctr, Vilnius, Lithuania. Serono Int SA, Geneva, Switzerland. Fed Off Publ Hlth, Bern, Switzerland. Newcastle Univ, Paediat & Lifecourse Epidemiol Res Grp, Sch Clin Med Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Sch Med, Madrid, Spain. Elect France, Serv Cent Appui Sante Travail, Paris, France. Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. Med Inspectorate Factories, Geneva, Switzerland. Semmelweis Univ, Dept Dermatol Venerol & Dermatooncol, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary. RP Cardis, E (reprint author), Int Agcy Res Canc, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon 08, France. EM cardis@iarc.fr RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009; Ahn, Yoon-Ok/J-5530-2012; Kaldor, John /D-4545-2011; Gulis, Gabriel/E-4505-2013; Amoros, Emmanuelle/G-4334-2013; Cardis, Elisabeth/C-3904-2017; Vrijheid, M/H-2702-2014; OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X; Vrijheid, M/0000-0002-7090-1758; Auvinen, Anssi/0000-0003-1125-4818 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU011778] NR 50 TC 332 Z9 354 U1 4 U2 24 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 167 IS 4 BP 396 EP 416 DI 10.1667/RR0553.1 PG 21 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 152AM UT WOS:000245332500003 PM 17388693 ER PT J AU Abadin, HG Chou, CHSJ Llados, FT AF Abadin, H. G. Chou, C. -H. S. J. Llados, F. T. TI Health effects classification and its role in the derivation of minimal risk levels: Immunological effects SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE minimal risk level; immunological; risk assessment; screening levels; immune system; health effect classification ID THYMUS-DEPENDENT IMMUNITY; MACACA-MULATTA MONKEY; UNCERTAINTY FACTORS; PCB AROCLOR-1254; HOST-RESISTANCE; SAFETY FACTORS; LYMPHOCYTE-B; MICE; IMMUNOTOXICITY; EXPOSURE AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) derives health-based guidance values known as minimal risk levels (MRLs). By definition, an MRL is a substance-specific estimate of the daily human exposure to a substance that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse, noncancer effects over a specified duration of exposure. MRLs are preferentially derived from human studies, if available, or from the most sensitive animal species and the endpoint that is most relevant for humans. To date, the agency has derived 346 MRLs. Fifteen MRLs were derived for 11 different chemicals where the database has identified the immune system as the most sensitive target of toxicity. The chemicals include benzene, chlorfenvinphos, endosulfan, heptachlor, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, dibutyl tin, tributyl tin, PCBs, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and 2,4-dichlorophenol. The agency's rationale for classification of immunological endpoints is discussed and a brief description given of the critical studies selected for MRL development using immune system endpoints. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Abadin, HG (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. EM HAbadin@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.11.001 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 156AC UT WOS:000245619200004 PM 17194513 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Bishop, A Needham, LL AF Barr, Dana B. Bishop, Amanda Needham, Larry L. TI Concentrations of xenobiotic chemicals in the maternal-fetal unit SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE chemical exposures; fetal exposures; cord blood; umbilical cord blood; amniotic fluid; meconium ID ACID ETHYL-ESTERS; UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD; CONTEMPORARY-USE PESTICIDES; HUMAN AMNIOTIC-FLUID; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; PLACENTAL-TRANSFER; HEAVY-METALS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; NATIONAL CHILDRENS; BIRTH OUTCOMES AB Exposure to a variety of toxic chemicals has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Presumably, the most vulnerable population for these adverse health outcomes are fetuses that are exposed to toxicants in utero. Fetuses have immature organ systems and often their detoxification enzymes or enzymatic processes are not fully developed when exposures occur. Many xenobiotic chemicals have been shown to pass through the placental barrier and into the fetal blood stream. These exposures have been associated with adverse birth outcomes, neurocognitive delays and adult onset disease. Exposures associated with interuterine growth retardation have been linked to a variety of adult onset diseases such as coronary artery disease and diabetes. In this article, we review a variety of chemicals that have been known to enter the fetal environment and their potential to affect both early childhood and subsequently adult health. We restrict our review to chemicals shown to be present in umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, or meconium, thus unequivocally demonstrating the chemicals have entered the fetal environment. In some instances where known health outcomes have occurred from these exposures, we note these and any caveats associated with the exposures. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 63 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD APR-MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.03.003 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 170FB UT WOS:000246646800002 PM 17386996 ER PT J AU Marano, N Rupprecht, C Regnery, R AF Marano, N. Rupprecht, C. Regnery, R. TI Vaccines for emerging infections SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA Spanish DT Article DE animal vaccination; Avian influenza vaccine; emerging infection; public health; rabies vaccine in wildlife; West Nile virus vaccine; zoonotic disease ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE INFECTION; ORAL RABIES VACCINATION; BARTONELLA-HENSELAE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN-DISEASE; DOMESTIC CAT; RISK-FACTORS AB Emerging infectious diseases represent a grave threat to animal and human populations in terms of their impact on global health, agriculture and the economy. Vaccines developed for emerging infections in animals can protect animal health and prevent transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans. Examples in this paper illustrate how industry and public health can collaborate to develop a vaccine to prevent an emerging disease in horses (West Nile virus vaccine), how poultry vaccination can protect animals and prevent transmission to people (avian influenza vaccine), how regulatory changes can pave the way for vaccines that will control the carrier state in animals and thus prevent infection in humans (Bartonella henselae vaccine in cats) and how novel technologies could be applied to vaccinate wildlife reservoir species for rabies. Stemming from the realisation that zoonotic diseases are the predominant source of human emerging infectious diseases, it behoves academic, public health, and animal health agencies to consider creative constructive approaches to combat serious public health challenges. Vaccination of vector/reservoir species, when efficacious vaccines are available, offers significant advantages to combating zoonotic human disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marano, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 83 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 203 EP 215 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 185GN UT WOS:000247699500013 PM 17633303 ER PT J AU Plumb, G Babiuk, L Mazet, J Olsen, S Pastoret, PP Rupprecht, C Slate, D AF Plumb, G. Babiuk, L. Mazet, J. Olsen, S. Pastoret, P.-P. Rupprecht, C. Slate, D. TI Vaccination in conservation medicine SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA Spanish DT Article DE brucellosis; conservation medicine; emerging disease; endangered species; public health; rabies; vaccination; vaccine delivery; wildlife; zoonosis ID ORAL RABIES VACCINATION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; SARS CORONAVIRUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ETHIOPIAN WOLVES; NIPAH VIRUSES; RED FOXES; VACCINES; EMERGENCE AB Unprecedented human population growth and anthropogenic environmental changes have resulted in increased numbers of people living in closer contact with more animals (wild, domestic, and peridomestic) than at any other time in history. Intimate linkage of human and animal health is not a new phenomenon. However, the global scope of contemporary zoonoses has no historical precedent. Indeed, most human infectious diseases classed as emerging are zoonotic, and many of these have spilled over from natural wildlife reservoirs into humans either directly or via domestic or peridomestic animals. Conservation medicine has recently emerged as a meaningful discipline to address the intersection of animal, human, and ecosystem health. Interest in the development of novel vaccines for wildlife encounters important challenges that may prevent progress beyond the conceptual phase. Although notable examples of successful wildlife immunisation programmes exist, depending upon key considerations, vaccination may or may not prove to be effective in the field. When implemented, wildlife vaccination requires a combination of novel zoonosis pathogen management strategies and public education to balance conservation, economic, and public health issues. C1 Yellowstone Natl Pk, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Willdlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. World Org Anim Hlth, F-75017 Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Plumb, G (reprint author), Yellowstone Natl Pk, POB 168, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RI Mazet, Jonna/B-4811-2012 NR 82 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 14 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 229 EP 241 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 185GN UT WOS:000247699500015 PM 17633305 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM McGuire, LC Stevens, J AF Hootman, J. M. McGuire, L. C. Stevens, J. TI Prevalence and factors associated with injury falls among adults aged 45+with arthritis SO RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the British-Society-of-Rheumatology CY MAY 08-11, 2007 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP British Soc Rheumatol C1 [Hootman, J. M.; McGuire, L. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stevens, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Uniintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-0324 J9 RHEUMATOLOGY JI RHEUMATOLOGY PD APR PY 2007 VL 46 SU 1 BP I4 EP I4 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 228IS UT WOS:000250724200013 ER PT J AU Schillinger, JA Hogben, M AF Schillinger, Julia A. Hogben, Matthew TI Partner notification for Gonorrhea - Time for new ideas SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; RECURRENT; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT; PHYSICIANS; WOMEN C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schillinger, JA (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, New York, NY USA. EM jus8@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2007 VL 34 IS 4 BP 195 EP 196 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000258341.41264.15 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 151VH UT WOS:000245318400002 PM 17414067 ER PT J AU Rietmeijer, CA Lloyd, LV McLean, C AF Rietmeijer, Cornelis A. Lloyd, Laura V. McLean, Catherine TI Discussing HIV serostatus with prospective sex partners: A potential HIV prevention strategy among high-risk men who have sex with men SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; GAY MEN; BEHAVIOR; INCREASES; SUPERINFECTION; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; SYPHILIS AB Objective: To study factors associated with HIV serostatus discussions among men who have sex with men (MSM). Design: The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey among MSM visiting an urban sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic. Methods: MSM were asked about sex partner recruitment, serostatus of partners, condom use, drugs use, and HIV serostatus discussions with sex partners. Results: Among 1,400 MSM reporting occasional sex partners, serostatus discussion with 100% of partners was reported by 509 (36.3%), with 50% to 99% of partners by 263 (18.8%), and with < 50% of partners by 628 (44.9%). Factors associated with serostatus discussion included lower number of sex partners, anal sex with an occasional partner, and sex partner recruitment through the Internet. Partner recruitment in bathhouses and having sex with both men and women were negatively associated. Conclusions: Discussion of HIV serostatus was common among MSM studied. Although this strategy has limitations, interventions should address HIV status discussions. Because the Internet may facilitate these discussions, web-based interventions should be evaluated. C1 Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO 80204 USA. Univ Colorado Denver & Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rietmeijer, CA (reprint author), Denver Publ Hlth Dept, 605 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM kees.rietmeijer@dhha.org FU PHS HHS [99,000-H] NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2007 VL 34 IS 4 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000233668.45976.a1 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 151VH UT WOS:000245318400006 PM 17179774 ER PT J AU Pillay, A Radebe, F Fehler, G Htun, Y Ballard, RC AF Pillay, A. Radebe, F. Fehler, G. Htun, Y. Ballard, R. C. TI Comparison of a TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction with conventional tests for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; URINE SPECIMENS; PCR; DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE; WOMEN; SWAB; PREVALENCE AB Objective: To compare a TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) with conventional PCR, culture, and wet-mount microscopy for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in women. Methods: Vaginal swabs from 119 women were tested for Trichomonas vaginalis by wet mount and culture. Paired vaginal lavage and urine specimens were tested by conventional and real-time PCR. Results: Using an expanded "gold standard'', defined as a positive culture result using vaginal swabs and/or a positive PCR test using TVK3/7 primers, the overall prevalence of T vaginalis in the study population was 65.5% ( 78/119). The detection rate of T vaginalis was 65.5% ( 78/119) and 36.9% ( 44/119) by conventional PCR using vaginal washings and urine specimens, respectively; 68.9% ( 82/119) by real-time PCR using vaginal washings and 61.3% ( 73/119) by real-time PCR using urine specimens. The sensitivities of conventional PCR using vaginal washings and urine and real-time PCR using vaginal washings and urine, compared with the gold standard were 100%, 56.4%, 100% and 76.7%, and the specificities of these tests were 100%, 97.6%, 82.9% and 97%, respectively. Conclusions: The real- time PCR test proved to be significantly more sensitive than culture and wet-mount microscopy, although its specificity was slightly lower than these tests. In addition, it was more sensitive, rapid and less time consuming than conventional PCR for the detection of T vaginalis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Lab Reference & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pillay, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Lab Reference & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM apillay@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 83 IS 2 BP 126 EP 129 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.022376 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 156YT UT WOS:000245686500013 PM 17090567 ER PT J AU Williams, RL Cseh, L AF Williams, Robert L. Cseh, Larry TI A review of dioxins/furans and methyl mercury in fish from the Penobscot river, located near Lincoln, Maine SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) was requested to review the analytical results of tissue samples from fish caught in the Penobscot river in Maine, calculate fish consumption limits and provide a public health opinion regarding the health implications associated with eating the contaminated fish. Fish consumption limits were calculated to provide guidance on the amount of fish that a person may eat monthly that would probably not pose a public health threat. Earlier, in 1987, the Maine Bureau of Health (BOH) issued. a fish consumption advisory for portions of the Penobscot river to protect the public from exposures to dioxins/furans and methyl mercury-contaminated fish. From 1988 to 2003 the state of Maine conducted fish surveys at four locations along the Penobscot river to monitor the levels of dioxins/furans and methyl mercury contamination. In 2005, ATSDR reviewed the sampling results for two fish species (i.e., bottom feeders and predators) collected from the Penobscot river that revealed various levels of dioxins/furans and methyl mercury. The United States Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) guidance for evaluating potential health threats associated with contaminated fish recommends that a minimum of two target species be sampled including one predatory and one bottom feeding species. Target species are chosen to meet the following criteria: (1) known to accumulate high concentrations of target contaminants in their tissues; (2) normally populate the freshwater system being studied; (3) are routinely caught and consumed by anglers; (4) nonmigratory; (5) pollutant-tolerant; (6) easily identified; (7) abundant and easy to collect and (8) of sufficient size to provide adequate tissue samples for analyses of contaminants (US EPA, 2000). The analytical results of these fish tissue samples appear to indicate that toxic equivalency quotients concentrations of dioxins/furans have slightly decreased since 1988. In contrast, fish tissue levels of methyl mercury appear to have increased slightly since 1988. Dioxins/furans and methyl mercury levels detected in fish tissue samples caught in the Penobscot river located near Lincoln, Maine, may continue to pose a public health hazard to persons who consume the fish daily, depending on the amount consumed. The ATSDR concurred with Maine BOH's fish advisory for dioxins/furans and methyl mercury, that is, currently in place for portions of the Penobscot river near Lincoln. C1 [Williams, Robert L.; Cseh, Larry] US PHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Williams, RL (reprint author), US PHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RLWilliams@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD APR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1177/0748233707083528 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 249BL UT WOS:000252201700004 PM 18220156 ER PT J AU Chiodini, PL Bowers, K Jorgensen, P Barnwell, JW Grady, KK Luchavez, J Moody, AH Cenizal, A Bell, D AF Chiodini, Peter L. Bowers, Katherine Jorgensen, Pernille Barnwell, John W. Grady, Katharine K. Luchavez, Jenny Moody, Anthony H. Cenizal, Audie Bell, David TI The heat stability of Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase-based and histidine-rich protein 2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; rapid diagnostic tests; RDTs; Plasmodium lactate; dehydrogenase; histidine-rich protein 2 ID MICROSCOPY; FALCIPARUM AB Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have performed well in a variety of studies, but recent reports have described sensitivity for Plasmodium falciparum as significantly lower than that required for operational deployment. Exposure to high temperature has been suggested as an explanation. This study assessed the temperature stability of two different Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH)- and three histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)-detecting RDTs. One HRP2 test proved insufficiently sensitive for assessment. After incubation at 35, 45 and 60 degrees C, two RDTs detecting pLDH showed a substantial fall in percentage test line positivity over time, which was not seen with the remaining two HRP-2-based RDTs. For the particular products studied, variability was high, with the pLDH-based RDTs being less sensitive than HRP2-based RDTs against the sample of P. falciparum used and more susceptible to heat-induced damage, but the reasons for this are unclear. The performance of malaria RDTs can be adversely affected at the temperatures to which they with be exposed when transported to, and used in, the rural tropics. (C) 2006 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hosp Trop Dis, Dept Clin Parasitol, London WC1E 6AU, England. WHO, Western Pacific Reg Off, Manila, Philippines. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Res Inst Trop Med, Alabang, Philippines. RP Chiodini, PL (reprint author), Hosp Trop Dis, Dept Clin Parasitol, London WC1E 6AU, England. EM peter.chiodini@ucth.nhs.uk NR 15 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 101 IS 4 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.09.007 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 148FD UT WOS:000245059100003 PM 17212967 ER PT J AU Bushen, OY Kohli, A Pinkerton, RC Dupnik, K Newman, RD Sears, CL Fayer, R Lima, AAM Guerrant, RL AF Bushen, Oluma Y. Kohli, Anita Pinkerton, Relana C. Dupnik, Kate Newman, Robert D. Sears, Cynthia L. Fayer, Ronald Lima, Aldo A. M. Guerrant, Richard L. TI Heavy cryptosporidial infections in children in northeast Brazil: comparison of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; diarrhoea; protozoan infections; genotype; lactoferrin; Brazil ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PERUVIAN CHILDREN; FECAL LACTOFERRIN; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; DIARRHEA; INTERLEUKIN-8; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLYMORPHISM; ASSOCIATION; LEUKOCYTES AB Cryptosporidium is an important cause of infectious diarrhoea worldwide, but little is known about the course of illness when infected with different species. Over a period of 5 years, Cryptosporidium was identified in the stools of 58 of 157 children prospectively followed from birth in an urban slum (favela) in northeast Brazil. Forty isolates were available for quantification and 42 for speciation (24 Cryptosporidium hominis and 18 C. parvum). Children with C. hominis shed significantly more oocysts/ml of stool (3.5 X 10(6) vs. 1.7 x 10(6) per ml; P = 0.001), and oocyst counts were higher among symptomatic children (P = 0.002). Heavier C. parvum shedding was significantly associated with symptoms (P = 0.004), and symptomatic C. parvum-infected children were significantly more likely than asymptomatic children to be lactoferrin-positive (P = 0.004). Height-for-age (HAZ) Z-scores showed significant declines within 3 months of infection for children infected with either C. hominis (P = 0.028) or C. parvum (P = 0.001). However, in the 3-6 month period following infection, only C. hominis-infected children continued to demonstrate declining HAZ score and asymptomatic children showed even greater decline (P = 0.01). Cryptosporidium hominis is more common than C. parvum in favela children and is associated with heavier infections and greater growth shortfalls, even in the absence of symptoms. (C) 2006 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol, Baltimore, MD USA. ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Fed Univ Ceara, Fac Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Inst Biomed, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Fed Univ Ceara, Clin Res Unit, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. RP Guerrant, RL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM rlg9a@virginia.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [5-U01-AI026512] NR 27 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 101 IS 4 BP 378 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.06.005 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 148FD UT WOS:000245059100010 PM 16934303 ER PT J AU Richard, SA Mathieu, E Addiss, DG Sodahlon, YK AF Richard, Stephanie A. Mathieu, Els Addiss, David G. Sodahlon, Yao K. TI A survey of treatment practices and burden of lymphoedema in Togo SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE lymphatic filariasis; lymphoedema; morbidity; disease management; Duke; anxiety-depression scale; Togo ID LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ACUTE ADENOLYMPHANGITIS; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; BRUGIAN FILARIASIS; NORTHERN GHANA; SOUTH-INDIA; RURAL-AREAS; ELEPHANTIASIS; EFFICACY AB Lymphatic filariasis, a mosquito-borne parasitic disease, can lead to lymphoedema and elephantiasis. This study describes the results of a baseline survey of a lymphoedema morbidity management programme in Togo. A convenience sample of 188 people with lymphoedema was asked about symptoms, treatment preferences and quality of life. Those with higher stage lymphoedema were more likely to have experienced an acute attack (odds ratio = 1.9; P = 0.002). Although only 28.2% of those surveyed reported currently using any lymphoedema treatment, 80.3% had used treatments in the past, primarily traditional products (68.1%) and scarification (38.8%). Medication was the preferred treatment for acute attacks, both currently (73.1%) and in the past (61.7%). Patients reported difficulties performing activities such as walking to the field (44%) and carrying a heavy toad (63%) as a result of their lymphoedema. Patients felt avoided by their family (17%) and their community (36%). Using the Duke Anxiety-Depression scale, over 70% of patients were found to be at high risk of depression and this risk increased with lymphoedema stage (P = 0.04). The survey results demonstrate the need for a morbidity management programme that will increase the use of morbidity management techniques and decrease the physical and emotional burden of this disease. (C) 2006 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Togo Natl Program Eliminate Lymphat Filariasis, Lome, Togo. RP Mathieu, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM emm7@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 101 IS 4 BP 391 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.08.011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 148FD UT WOS:000245059100012 PM 17112555 ER PT J AU Kelly, JM Rowe, AK Nikpo, F Lama, M Cokouits, F Deming, MS AF Kelly, Jane M. Rowe, Alexander K. Nikpo, Faustin Lama, Marcel Cokouits, Francois Deming, Michael S. TI Care takers' recall of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness counselling messages in Benin SO TROPICAL DOCTOR LA English DT Article AB A key goal of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy is to improve the management of childhood illness at health facilities. IMCI guidelines contain many counselling messages, and as it is not known how well caretakers recall these messages, we studied caretakers' recall of IMCI messages when given under ideal conditions. At a clinic in Benin, a study clinician performed counselling and confirmed caretakers' comprehension of all messages. Caretakers were randomly assigned to be interviewed either immediately after the consultation or a day later. Recall was assessed with general and focused open-ended questions. Recall was assessed for 55 caretakers, 29.1% of whom were literate. Caretakers received 3-75 messages (mean = 38.7). The mean percentage of messages recalled was 89.7% immediately after the consultation and 81.9% one day later. These results support IMCI's recommendation that health workers should verify caretakers' comprehension by asking caretakers to repeat counselling messages during consultations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Inteligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Direct Dept Sante Publ Oueme, Porto Novo, Benin. Africare Benin, Porto Novo, Benin. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM axr9@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0049-4755 J9 TROP DOCT JI Trop. Dr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1258/004947507780609257 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 170TP UT WOS:000246688000005 PM 17540083 ER PT J AU Handali, S Rodriguez, S Noh, J Gonzalez, AE Garcia, HH Gilman, RH Roberts, JM Hancock, K Tsang, VCW AF Handali, Sukwan Rodriguez, Silvia Noh, John Gonzalez, Armando E. Garcia, Hector H. Gilman, Robert H. Roberts, Jacquelin M. Hancock, Kathy Tsang, Victor C. W. TI A simple method for collecting measured whole blood with quantitative recovery of antibody activities for serological surveys SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE finger-prick whole blood collection; filter paper; StabilZyme select; FAST-ELISA ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; FILTER-PAPER TECHNIQUE; FAST-ELISA; ANTIGEN; HIV; FILARIASIS; STABILITY; MANSONI AB Compliance and acceptance for the finger-prick method of blood collection is generally better than for venipuncture. A fingerprick method of blood collection with quantitative antibody recovery is even more important for seroepidemiological surveys. Finger-prick blood collected and dried onto filter paper has been used, but, unfortunately, this method has several disadvantages, including loss of antibody activity, possible contact contamination from blood spots on adjacent filter papers, and difficulties in extracting antibodies, justifying the search for other methods of collecting and transporting blood samples. We report on a simple method of collecting a measured amount of finger-prick blood onto a sample pad, which is immediately transferred to storage/ extraction buffer. The diluted blood sample is never dried, and because of the storage buffer, can be transported and stored without refrigeration. Furthermore, the diluted blood samples can then be tested directly without further preparation. We systematically compared several storage/extraction buffers and commercially available filter papers. We showed that antibody recovery was not significantly affected by the type of filter papers used but was significantly affected by the storage/extraction buffer used. The best such buffer is StabilZyme Select (TM). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Pathol, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Data Management Act, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Handali, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ahi0@cdc.gov; silvia@peruresearch.com; jxnl@cdc.gov; emico@terra.com.pe; hgarcia@terra.com.pe; gilmanbob@yahoo.com; jmrl@cdc.gov; kyh7@cdc.gov; vctl@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [1P01 AI-51976-01, U01 AI-35894]; Wellcome Trust [063109] NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 320 IS 1-2 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2006.12.007 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 156EP UT WOS:000245631200015 PM 17270207 ER PT J AU Lyles, RH Lin, HM Williamson, JM AF Lyles, Robert H. Lin, Hung-Mo Williamson, John M. TI A practical approach to computing power for generalized linear models with nominal, count, or ordinal responses SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE likelihood ratio; ordinal data; power; regression; sample size; Wald statistic ID SAMPLE-SIZE CALCULATIONS; LIKELIHOOD RATIO TESTS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; EXPONENTIAL-FAMILIES AB Data analysts facing study design questions on a regular basis could derive substantial benefit from a straightforward and unified approach to power calculations for generalized linear models. Many current proposals for dealing with binary, ordinal, or count outcomes are conceptually or computationally demanding, limited in terms of accommodating covariates, and/or have not been extensively assessed for accuracy assuming moderate sample sizes. Here, we present a simple method for estimating conditional power that requires only standard software for fitting the desired generalized linear model for a non-continuous outcome. The model is fit to an appropriate expanded data set using easily calculated weights that represent response probabilities given the assumed values of the parameters. The variance-covariance matrix resulting from this fit is then used in conjunction with an established non-central chi square approximation to the distribution of the Wald statistic. Alternatively, the model can be re-fit under the null hypothesis to approximate power based on the likelihood ratio statistic. We provide guidelines for constructing a representative expanded data set to allow close approximation of unconditional power based on the assumed joint distribution of the covariates. Relative to prior proposals, the approach proves particularly flexible for handling one or more continuous covariates without any need for discretizing. We illustrate the method for a variety of outcome types and covariate patterns, using simulations to demonstrate its accuracy for realistic sample sizes. Copyright (c) 2006 Jotin Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lyles, RH (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM rlyles@sph.emory.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012458] NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1632 EP 1648 DI 10.1002/sim.2617 PG 17 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 145ZG UT WOS:000244903700016 PM 16817148 ER PT J AU Kandun, IN Sedyaningsih, ER Uyeki, TM AF Kandun, I. Nyoman Sedyaningsih, Endang R. Uyeki, Timothy M. TI Human H5N1 influenza - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Minist Hlth, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kandun, IN (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. EM tuyeki@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 29 PY 2007 VL 356 IS 13 BP 1376 EP 1377 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 150MN UT WOS:000245221000025 ER PT J AU Neyer, JR Greenlund, KJ Denny, CH Keenan, NL Labarthe, DR Croft, JB AF Neyer, J. R. Greenlund, K. J. Denny, C. H. Keenan, N. L. Labarthe, D. R. Croft, J. B. CA CDC TI Prevalence of heart disease - United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 113-118, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Neyer, JR (reprint author), CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 28 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 12 BP 1308 EP 1309 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 150JN UT WOS:000245212600006 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, L Annest, J AF Paulozzi, L. Annest, J. CA CDC TI Unintentional poisoning deaths - United States, 1999-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 93-96, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ABUSABLE PRESCRIPTION DRUGS; GENDER C1 CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Paulozzi, L (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 28 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 12 BP 1309 EP 1311 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 150JN UT WOS:000245212600007 ER PT J AU Meyers, H Inami, G Rosenberg, J Mohle-Boetani, J Vugia, D Yuan, J AF Meyers, H. Inami, G. Rosenberg, J. Mohle-Boetani, J. Vugia, D. Yuan, J. CA CDC TI Brief report: Foodborne botulism from home-prepared fermented tofu - California, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 96-97, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 28 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 12 BP 1311 EP 1312 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 150JN UT WOS:000245212600008 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA Grant, AO Pepine, CJ AF Mensah, George A. Grant, Augustus O. Pepine, Carl J. TI ACCF/AHA/CDC Conference Report on Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biological Terrorism threats - The clinical and public health implications for the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; NEGATIVE BLOOD CULTURES; SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH; Q-FEVER ENDOCARDITIS; TRADE-CENTER ATTACK C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Publ Hlth Adm, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. Cambridge Dept Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Nursing & Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Dept Physiol Nursing, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Hosp Good Samaritan, Inst Heart, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. Assoc Black Cardiol Inc, Atlanta, GA 30349 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Heart Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. VA Commonwlth Univ Hlth Syst, Dept Emergency Med, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. DHHS, Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. Amer Heart Assoc, Dallas, TX 75231 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Mil Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Chron Dis Prevent Program, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Coll Med, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 269 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD MAR 27 PY 2007 VL 49 IS 12 BP 1373 EP 1412 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.01.017 PG 40 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 152TL UT WOS:000245384600023 PM 17394977 ER PT J AU Norrgran, JE Bravo, R Restrepo, PA Walker, RD Barr, DB AF Norrgran, Jessica E. Bravo, Roberto Restrepo, Paula A. Walker, Robert D. Barr, Dana B. TI AGRO 65-Determination of pesticide levels in human urine using high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Norrgran, Jessica E.; Bravo, Roberto; Restrepo, Paula A.; Walker, Robert D.; Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jnorrgan@cdc.gov; rbravo@cdc.gov; dbarr@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 65-AGRO BP 268 EP 268 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800243 ER PT J AU Tucker, SP AF Tucker, Samuel P. TI Drive to produce evenly-distributed coatings of reagents in the equatorial plane of 37-mm glass fiber membrane filters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tucker, Samuel P.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM spt1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 70-ENVR BP 359 EP 359 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802309 ER PT J AU Mehta, AS Saile, E Zhong, W Buskas, T Carlson, RW Quinn, CP Boons, GJ AF Mehta, Alok S. Saile, Elke Zhong, Wei Buskas, Therese Carlson, Russell W. Quinn, Conrad P. Boons, Geert-Jan TI CARB 120-Synthesis and antigenic analysis of oligosaccharides derived from bioterrorism agents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mehta, Alok S.; Zhong, Wei; Buskas, Therese; Carlson, Russell W.; Boons, Geert-Jan] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Saile, Elke] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, NCID DBMD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Quinn, Conrad P.] CDC NCID, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM amehta@chem.uga.edu; csx2@cdc.gov; wzhong@chem.uga.edu; tbuskas@ccrc.uga.edu; rcarlson@ccrc.uga.edu; caq7@cdc.gov; gjboons@ccrc.uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 120-CARB BP 529 EP 529 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800454 ER PT J AU Philip, BK Mumtaz, MM Latendresse, JR Mehendale, HM AF Philip, Binu K. Mumtaz, Moiz M. Latendresse, John R. Mehendale, Harihara M. TI Impact of repeated exposure on toxicity of perchloroethylene in Swiss Webster mice SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney injury; liver injury; perchloroethylene (Perc); subchronic toxicity; tissue repair ID TISSUE-REPAIR RESPONSE; LIVER-INJURY; IN-VITRO; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATION; DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; MEDIATES PROGRESSION; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; RATS AB The aim was to study the subchronic toxicity of perchloroethylene (Perc) by measuring injury and repair in liver and kidney in relation to disposition of Perc and its major metabolites. Male SW mice (25-29 g) were given three dose levels of Perc (150, 500, and 1000 mg/kg day) via aqueous gavage for 30 days. Tissue injury was measured during the dosing regimen (0, 1, 7, 14, and 30 days) and over a time course of 24-96 h after the last dose (30 days). Perc produced significant liver injury (ALT) after single day exposure to all three doses. Liver injury was mild to moderate and regressed following repeated exposure for 30 days. Subchronic Perc exposure induced neither kidney injury nor dysfunction during the entire time course as evidenced by normal renal histology and BLIN. TCA was the major metabolite detected in blood, liver, and kidney. Traces of DCA were also detected in blood at initial time points after single day exposure. With single day exposure, metabolism of Perc to TCA was saturated with all three doses. AUC/dose ratio for TCA was significantly decreased with a concomitant increase in AUC/dose of Perc levels in liver and kidney after 30 days as compared to I day exposures, indicating inhibition of metabolism upon repeated exposure to Perc. Hepatic CYP2E1 expression and activity were unchanged indicating that CYP2E1 is not the critical enzyme inhibited. Hepatic CYNA expression, measured as a marker of peroxisome proliferation was increased transiently only on day 7 with the high dose, but was unchanged at later time points. Liver tissue repair peaked at 7 days, with all three doses and was sustained after medium and high dose exposure for 14 days. These data indicate that subchronic Perc exposure via aqueous gavage does not induce nephrotoxicity and sustained hepatotoxicity suggesting adaptive hepatic repair mechanisms. Enzymes other than CYP2E], involved in the metabolism of Perc may play a critical role in the metabolism of Perc upon subehronic exposure in SW mice. Liver injury decreased during repeated exposure due to inhibition of metabolism and possibly due to adaptive tissue repair mechanisms. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Louisiana, Dept Toxicol, Coll Pharm, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. ATSDR, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Toxicol Pathol Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Mehendale, HM (reprint author), Univ Louisiana, Dept Toxicol, Coll Pharm, 700 Univ Ave,Sugar Hall 306, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. EM mehendale@ulm.edu RI Latendresse, John/A-9215-2009 NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAR 22 PY 2007 VL 232 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2006.12.018 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 152EZ UT WOS:000245345200001 PM 17267091 ER PT J AU Lieb, S LaLota, M Liberti, T Maddox, L Thompson, D Selik, R AF Lieb, S. LaLota, M. liberti, T. Maddox, L. Thompson, D. Selik, R. CA CDC TI HIV/AIDS diagnoses among blacks - Florida, 1999-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 69-73, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STDs & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lieb, S (reprint author), Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 11 BP 1185 EP 1186 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 147XO UT WOS:000245039300009 ER PT J AU Kightlinger, L Brend, S Gorlin, J Kemperman, MM Kuehnert, MJ Sejvar, JJ Campbell, GL AF Kightlinger, L. Brend, S. M. Gorlin, J. Kemperman, M. M. Kuehnert, M. J. Sejvar, J. J. Campbell, G. L. CA CDC TI West Nile virus transmission through blood transfusion - South Dakota, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 76-79, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES C1 S Dakota Dept Hlth, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. Mem Blood Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vecttor Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kightlinger, L (reprint author), S Dakota Dept Hlth, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 11 BP 1186 EP 1188 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 147XO UT WOS:000245039300010 ER PT J AU Sathiakumar, N Delzell, E Cheng, H Lynch, J Sparks, W Macaluso, M AF Sathiakumar, Nalini Delzell, Elizabeth Cheng, Hong Lynch, Jeremiah Sparks, William Macaluso, Maurizio TI Validation of 1,3-butadiene exposure estimates for workers at a synthetic rubber plant SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Evaluation of Butadiene and Chloroprene Health Risks CY SEP 20-22, 2005 CL Charleston, SC DE 1,3-butadiene; exposure estimates; validation ID STYRENE; BUTADIENE; MORTALITY; INDUSTRY; DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE; LEUKEMIA; BENZENE; COHORT; CANCER AB Purpose: This investigation assessed the validity of estimates of exposure to 1,3-butadiene (BD) developed for a plant included in a study of mortality among synthetic rubber industry workers. The estimates were developed without using historical measurement data and have not been validated previously. Methods: Personal BD measurements came from an exposure-monitoring program initiated in 1977. For each job, we computed the year-specific difference between the BD estimate and the mean of BD measurements. We also computed rank correlation coefficients and calculated the mean, across all measurements, of the difference between the estimate and the measurement. Results: The mean BD concentration was 5.2 ppm for 4978 measurements and 4.7 ppm for the corresponding estimates. The mean difference between estimates and measurements was -0.50 ppm (standard deviation, 26.5 ppm) overall and ranged from -227.9 to +27.0 ppm among all 306 job/year combinations. Estimates were correlated with measurements for all 306 combinations (rank correlation coefficient, r = 0.45, p < 0.0001), for 82 combinations pertaining to jobs that were well-defined by a specific set of tasks and typically found in styrene-BD rubber (SBR) plants (r = 0.81, p < 0.0001), for 70 combinations pertaining to jobs that were well-defined but not typical (r = 0.29, p = 0.01) and for 92 combinations pertaining to poorly-defined jobs typically found in SBR plants (r= 0.56, <0.0001). Estimates were not correlated with measurements for poorly defined jobs not typically found in SBR plants (r = 0.01, p = 0.93). For well-defined typical SBR jobs with measurement means that were over 7.0 ppm, estimates were consistently lower than measurements. Conclusions: Possible reasons for differences between estimates and measurements included faulty assumptions used in developing BD estimates, unstable or nonrepresentive measurements and errors in linking measurement data to the job-exposure matrix. Exposure misclassification may have been more severe for subjects from the validation study plant than for subjects from other plants in the mortality study. BD estimates for typical SBR jobs, which comprise most operations at all but one of the plants in the mortality study, appeared to be useful for ranking workers by cumulative exposure. Uncertainty analyses would enhance the utility of the BD exposure estimates for quantitative risk assessment. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Exxon Chem Co, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089 USA. Bayer Sarnia, Mississauga, ON L5N 1P7, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sathiakumar, N (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM nalini@uab.edu RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.08.016 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 162OG UT WOS:000246096600005 PM 17097078 ER PT J AU Cerutti, C Boulos, M Coutinho, AF Hatab, MDLD Falqueto, A Rezende, HR Duarte, AMRC Collins, W Malafronte, RS AF Cerutti, Crispim, Jr. Boulos, Marcos Coutinho, Arnidio F. Hatab, Maria do Carmo L. D. Falqueto, Aloisio Rezende, Helder R. Duarte, Ana Maria R. C. Collins, William Malafronte, Rosely S. TI Epidemiologic aspects of the malaria transmission cycle in an area of very low incidence in Brazil SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE; SIMIAN MALARIA; FALCIPARUM; ANTIGENS; GENE; SPOROZOITES; INFECTIONS AB Background: Extra-Amazonian autochthonous Plasmodium vivax infections have been reported in mountainous regions surrounded by the Atlantic Forest in Espirito Santo state, Brazil. Methods: Sixty-five patients and 1,777 residents were surveyed between April 2001 and March 2004. Laboratory methods included thin and thick smears, multiplex-PCR, immunofluorescent assay (IFA) against P. vivax and Plasmodium malariae crude blood-stage antigens and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies against the P. vivax-complex (P. vivax and variants) and P. malariae/Plasmodium brasilianum circumsporozoite-protein (CSP) antigens. Results: Average patient age was 35.1 years. Most (78.5%) were males; 64.6% lived in rural areas; 35.4% were farmers; and 12.3% students. There was no relevant history of travel. Ninety-five per cent of the patients were experiencing their first episode of malaria. Laboratory data from 51 patients were consistent with P. vivax infection, which was determined by thin smear. Of these samples, 48 were assayed by multiplex-PCR. Forty-five were positive for P. vivax, confirming the parasitological results, while P. malariae was detected in one sample and two gave negative results. Fifty percent of the 50 patients tested had IgG antibodies against the P. vivax-complex or P. malariae CSP as determined by ELISA. The percentages of residents with IgM and IgG antibodies detected by IFA for P. malariae, P. vivax and Plasmodium falciparum who did not complain of malaria symptoms at the time blood was collected were 30.1% and 56.5%, 6.2% and 37.7%, and 13.5% and 13%, respectively. The same sera that reacted to P. vivax also reacted to P. malariae. The following numbers of samples were positive in multiplex-PCR: 23 for P. vivax; 15 for P. malariae; 9 for P. falciparum and only one for P. falciparum and P. malariae. All thin and thick smears were negative. ELISA against CSP antigens was positive in 25.4%, 6.3%, 10.7% and 15.1% of the samples tested for "classical" P. vivax (VK210), VK247, P. vivax-like and P. malariae, respectively. Anopheline captures in the transmission area revealed only zoophilic and exophilic species. Conclusion: The low incidence of malaria cases, the finding of asymptomatic inhabitants and the geographic separation of patients allied to serological and molecular results raise the possibility of the existence of a simian reservoir in these areas. C1 Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Ctr Biomed, Dept Social Med, BR-29040091 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis, Sao Paulo, Brazil. State Dept Hlth, Vitoria, ES, Brazil. Fac Publ Hlth, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Sao Paulo Inst Trop Med, Protozool Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Cerutti, C (reprint author), Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Ctr Biomed, Dept Social Med, Av Marechal Campos 1 468, BR-29040091 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. EM fil.cris@terra.com.br; dmip.marcosboulos@hcnet.usp.br; ambientalmalaria@saude.es.gov.br; ambientalmalaria@saude.es.gov.br; falqueto@npd.ufes.br; heldericas@hotmail.com; amrcd@usp.br; wec1@cdc.gov; rmalafronte@usp.br RI Malafronte, Rosely/C-3138-2013; Cerutti Junior, Crispim/C-4529-2011 NR 44 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 6 AR 33 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-6-33 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 151ZG UT WOS:000245329200001 PM 17371598 ER PT J AU Childs, JE Krebs, JW Real, LA Gordon, ER AF Childs, J. E. Krebs, J. W. Real, L. A. Gordon, E. R. TI Animal-based national surveillance for zoonotic disease: Quality, limitations, and implications of a model system for monitoring rabies SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology-infectious diseases; statistical modeling; wildlife medicine; Zoonoses-viral ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; UNITED-STATES; RACCOON RABIES; DYNAMICS; CONNECTICUT; MARYLAND; VACCINE; HEALTH; VIRUS; BATS AB Surveillance for zoonotic diseases among wildlife is a research and public health challenge. The inherent limitations posed by the requisite human-animal interactions are often undefined and underappreciated. The national surveillance system for animal rabies in the United States was examined as a model system; reporting of animal rabies is legally mandated, each case of rabies is laboratory confirmed, and data have been consistently collected for more than 50 years. Factors influencing the monthly counts of animal rabies tests reported during 1992-2001 were assessed by univariate and multivariable regression methods. The suitability of passively collected surveillance data for determining the presence or absence of the raccoon-associated variant of rabies within states and within individual counties was assessed by determining critical threshold values from the regression analyses. The size of the human population and total expenditures within a county accounted for 72% and 67%, respectively, of the variance in testing. The annual median number of rabies tests performed was seven for counties without rabies, 22 for Counties with non-raccoon rabies, and 34 for counties with raccoon rabies. Active surveillance may be required in locales with sparse human populations when a high degree of confidence in the status of rabies is required. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 60 Coll St,POB 208034, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM jameschilds@comcast.net RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAR 17 PY 2007 VL 78 IS 3-4 BP 246 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.10.014 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 138LW UT WOS:000244365100006 PM 17129622 ER PT J AU Gorwitz, RJ AF Gorwitz, Rachel J. TI The role of ancillary antimicrobial therapy for treatment of uncomplicated skin infections in the era of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; MANAGEMENT; ABSCESSES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Prevent Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gorwitz, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Prevent Detect & Control Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RGorwitz@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 785 EP 787 DI 10.1086/511884 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 136RT UT WOS:000244242500004 PM 17304448 ER PT J AU Schuchat, A Messonnier, NR AF Schuchat, Anne Messonnier, Nancy Rosenstein TI From pandemic suspect to the postvaccine era: The Haemophilus influenzae story SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID B CONJUGATE VACCINE; HIB DISEASE; IMMUNIZATION; MENINGITIS; PNEUMONIA; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; SEROTYPE; CHILDREN; IMPACT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aschuchat@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 817 EP 819 DI 10.1086/511886 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 136RT UT WOS:000244242500009 PM 17304453 ER PT J AU Bialek, SR George, PA Xia, GL Glatzer, MB Motes, ML Veazey, JE Hammond, RM Jones, T Shieh, YC Wamnes, J Vaughan, G Khudyakov, Y Fiore, AE AF Bialek, Stephanie R. George, Prethiba A. Xia, Guo-Liang Glatzer, Marc B. Motes, Miles L. Veazey, John E. Hammond, Roberta M. Jones, Timothy Shieh, Y. Carol Wamnes, Janet Vaughan, Gilberto Khudyakov, Yury Fiore, Anthony E. TI Use of molecular epidemiology to confirm a multistate outbreak of hepatitis A caused by consumption of oysters SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES AB The 39 oyster consumption-related cases of hepatitis A reported in 2005 represent the first large outbreak of hepatitis A associated with shellfish consumption in the United States in > 15 years. This is the first outbreak investigation in which an identical hepatitis A virus sequence was obtained from both the implicated food product and case patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Tallahassee, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Community Environm Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Ft Pierce, FL USA. US FDA, Mobile, AL USA. US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. US FDA, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. RP Bialek, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sbialek@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 838 EP 840 DI 10.1086/511874 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 136RT UT WOS:000244242500013 PM 17304457 ER PT J AU Teshale, EH Hanson, DL Wolfe, MI Brooks, JT Kaplan, JE Bort, Z Sullivan, PS AF Teshale, Eyasu H. Hanson, Debra L. Wolfe, Mitchell I. Brooks, John T. Kaplan, Jonathan E. Bort, Zuleika Sullivan, Patrick S. CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis TI Reasons for lack of appropriate receipt of primary Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis among HIV-infected persons receiving treatment in the United States: 1994-2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CARINII-PNEUMONIA; DISCONTINUATION; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; AIDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Teshale, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eht4@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 879 EP 883 DI 10.1086/511862 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 136RT UT WOS:000244242500021 PM 17304464 ER PT J AU Miller, EK Lu, XY Erdman, DD Poehling, KA Zhu, YW Griffin, MR Hartert, TV Anderson, LJ Weinberg, GA Hall, CB Iwane, MK Edwards, KM AF Miller, E. Kathryn Lu, Xiaoyan Erdman, Dean D. Poehling, Katherine A. Zhu, Yuwei Griffin, Marie R. Hartert, Tina V. Anderson, Larry J. Weinberg, Geoffrey A. Hall, Caroline B. Iwane, Marika K. Edwards, Kathryn M. CA New Vaccine Surveillance Network TI Rhinovirus-associated hospitalizations in young children SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Respiratory Viral Infection CY MAR 16-19, 2006 CL Kohala Coast, HI ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ASTHMA EXACERBATIONS; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; TRACT INFECTIONS; ADULTS; ILLNESS; ETIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; DIAGNOSIS AB Background. Rhinoviruses frequently cause the common cold but have not been considered important causes of acute respiratory hospitalizations in children. Methods. A population-based surveillance study was performed among children < 5 years of age who were hospitalized with respiratory symptoms or fever and who resided within counties encompassing Nashville, Tennessee, or Rochester, New York, from October 2000 through September 2001. Data collected included questionnaires, nasal and throat swabs for viral culture and polymerase chain reaction testing, and chart review. Rates of rhinovirus-associated hospitalizations were calculated. Results. Of 592 children enrolled, 156 (26%) were rhinovirus positive, representing 4.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3-5.2) rhinovirus- associated hospitalizations/1000 children. Age-specific rates per 1000 children were 17.6 (95% CI, 14.9-20.6) for 0-5-month-olds, 6.0 (95% CI, 5.0-7.0) for 6-23-month-olds, and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.6, 2.4) for 24-59-month-olds (P < .01). Children with a history of wheezing/asthma had significantly more rhinovirus- associated hospitalizations than those without a history (25.3/1000 children [95% CI, 21.6-29.5/1000 children] vs. 3.1/1000 children [95% CI, 2.7-3.5/1000 children]). Conclusions. Rhinoviruses were associated with nearly 5 hospitalizations/1000 children < 5 years of age and were highest in children with a history of wheezing/asthma. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Pediat Clin Res Off, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Edwards, KM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Pediat Clin Res Off, Dept Pediat, 1161 21St Ave S,CC-5322 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM kathryn.edwards@vanderbilt.edu FU AHRQ HHS [T32 HS 13833-02]; NCIRD CDC HHS [1 U01 IP000022]; NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI065805, R01 AI 50884]; PHS HHS [M01 000095, U38/CCU217969, U38/CCU417958] NR 47 TC 145 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 6 BP 773 EP 781 DI 10.1086/511821 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 136RY UT WOS:000244243000004 PM 17299706 ER PT J AU Chaves, SS Gargiullo, P Zhang, JX Civen, R Guris, D Mascola, MPHL Seward, JF AF Chaves, Sandra S. Gargiullo, Paul Zhang, John X. Civen, Rachel Guris, Dalya Mascola, M. P. H. Laurene Seward, Jane F. TI Loss of vaccine-induced immunity to varicella over time SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; 2 INJECTIONS; CARE-CENTER; OUTBREAK; RESPONSES; POSTLICENSURE; DECLINE; SAFETY; ADULTS AB BACKGROUND: The introduction of universal varicella vaccination in 1995 has substantially reduced varicella-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. However, it remains unclear whether vaccine-induced immunity wanes over time, a condition that may result in increased susceptibility later in life, when the risk of serious complications may be greater than in childhood. METHODS: We examined 10 years (1995 to 2004) of active surveillance data from a sentinel population of 350,000 subjects to determine whether the severity and incidence of breakthrough varicella (with an onset of rash >42 days after vaccination) increased with the time since vaccination. We used multivariate logistic regression to adjust for the year of disease onset (calendar year) and the subject's age at both disease onset and vaccination. RESULTS: A total of 11,356 subjects were reported to have varicella during the surveillance period, of whom 1080 (9.5%) had breakthrough disease. Children between the ages of 8 and 12 years who had been vaccinated at least 5 years previously were significantly more likely to have moderate or severe disease than were those who had been vaccinated less than 5 years previously (risk ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 5.8). The annual rate of breakthrough varicella significantly increased with the time since vaccination, from 1.6 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.0) within 1 year after vaccination to 9.0 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 6.9 to 11.7) at 5 years and 58.2 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 36.0 to 94.0) at 9 years. CONCLUSIONS: A second dose of varicella vaccine, now recommended for all children, could improve protection from both primary vaccine failure and waning vaccine-induced immunity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Chaves, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bev8@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 148 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 8 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 356 IS 11 BP 1121 EP 1129 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa064040 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 145PO UT WOS:000244877200005 PM 17360990 ER PT J AU Feng, YY Ortega, Y He, GS Das, P Xu, MQ Zhang, XC Fayer, R Gatei, W Cama, V Xiao, LH AF Feng, Yaoyu Ortega, Ynes He, Guosheng Das, Pradeep Xu, Meiqian Zhang, Xichen Fayer, Ronald Gatei, Wangeci Cama, Vitaliano Xiao, Lihua TI Wide geographic distribution of Cryptosporidium bovis and the deer-like genotype in bovines SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; calves; genotyping; diagnosis; epidemiology ID SPORADIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; SUBGENOTYPE ANALYSIS; VETERINARY STUDENTS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MOUTH-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; DAIRY CALVES; APPLE CIDER; HUMANS; PARVUM AB Recent studies in the United States reported that similar to 85% of pre-weaned dairy calves were infected with zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum, whereas only 1-2% of post-weaned calves and 1-2-year-old heifers were infected with this species. Cryptosporidium bovis and Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype were much more prevalent in the post-weaned animals. It is not clear whether the same infection pattern also occurs in other geographic areas. In this study, to determine whether the same Cryptosporidium infection pattern was present in other geographic areas, we genotyped Cryptosporidium specimens collected from two farms in China and India, using specimens from farms in Georgia, USA for comparison. C. bovis was the most common species found in pre- and post-weaned calves in all three areas. In Georgia, the deer-like genotype was found frequently in pre- and post-weaned calves and Cryptosporidium andersoni was found in one post-weaned calf. Both C. bovis and the deer-like genotype were found in the few milking cows examined in Georgia. There were no differences in the small subunit rRNA gene sequences obtained from C. bovis or deer-like genotype among the three areas. One adult yak in China, however, was infected with a species similar to C. bovis, with only three nucleotide mutations in the target gene. All four common bovine Cryptosporidium spp. were differentiated from each other by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR products with enzymes SspI and MboII. Thus, both C. bovis and the deer-like genotype are found in all age groups of cattle in diverse geographic areas and host adaptation of C. bovis might have occurred in yaks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Anim Parasit Dis, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Rajendra Mem Res Inst Med Sci, Patna, Bihar, India. Jilin Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI pasuvalingam, visha/B-5717-2012; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Feng, Yaoyu/B-3076-2014 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 42 TC 145 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.10.001 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 142IB UT WOS:000244641600001 PM 17097231 ER PT J AU Gerrard, SR Bird, BH Albarino, CG Nichol, ST AF Gerrard, Sonja R. Bird, Brian H. Albarino, Cesar G. Nichol, Stuart T. TI The NSm proteins of Rift Valley fever virus are dispensable for maturation, replication and infection SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE plasmid-based genetics; Rift Valley fever virus; virus replication; non-structural proteins; accessory proteins; phlebovirus; bunyavirus; vector-borne ID M-SEGMENT; EXPRESSION STRATEGY; TISSUE-CULTURE; RESCUE; CDNA; LOCALIZATION; PHLEBOVIRUS; GENE; RNA; LACKING AB Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus belongs to the Bunyaviridae family of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses and causes mosquito-borne disease in sub-Saharan Africa. We report the development of a T7 RNA polymerase-driven plasmid-based genetic system for the virulent Egyptian isolate, ZH501. We have used this system to rescue a virus that has a 387 nucleotide deletion on the genomic M segment that eliminates the coding region for two non-structural proteins known as NSm. This virus, Delta NSm rZH501, is indistinguishable from the parental ZH501 strain with respect to expression of structural proteins and growth in cultured mammalian cells. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gerrard, SR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 109 S Observ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM gerrard@umich.edu; stn1@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI057153, U54 AI57153] NR 24 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 359 IS 2 BP 459 EP 465 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.09.035 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 144SM UT WOS:000244816400021 PM 17070883 ER PT J AU Huang, P Bensyl, D Miller, EA AF Huang, P. Bensyl, D. Miller, E. A. TI Geographic disparities in diabetes-related amputations - Texas-Mexico border, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1251-1253, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Texas Dept State Hlth Svcs, Austin, TX USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Huang, P (reprint author), Texas Dept State Hlth Svcs, Austin, TX USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 10 BP 1051 EP 1052 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 145KZ UT WOS:000244865200009 ER PT J AU Darling, N Singleton, JA Santoli, J AF Darling, N. Singleton, J. A. Santoli, J. TI National, state, and urban area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 988, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Immunizat Svc Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Darling, N (reprint author), CDC, Immunizat Svc Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Darling, Nancy/A-2950-2008 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 10 BP 1052 EP 1054 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 145KZ UT WOS:000244865200010 ER PT J AU Ferdinands, JM Mannino, DM Gwinn, ML Bray, MS AF Ferdinands, Jill M. Mannino, David M. Gwinn, Marta L. Bray, Molly S. TI ADRB2 Arg16Gly Polymorphism, Lung Function, and Mortality: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. Growing evidence suggests that the Arg16Arg genotype of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene may be associated with adverse effects of beta-agonist therapy. We sought to examine the association of beta-agonist use and the Arg16Gly polymorphism with lung function and mortality among participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Methodology and Principal Findings. We genotyped study participants and analyzed the association of the Arg16Gly polymorphism and beta-agonist use with lung function at baseline and clinical examination three years later and with all-cause mortality during 10 years of follow-up. Lung function was characterized by percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Associations were examined separately for blacks and whites. Black beta-agonist users with the Arg/Arg genotype had better lung function at baseline and at the second clinical visit than those with Arg/Gly and Gly/Gly genotypes. Adjusted mean percent-predicted FEV(1) was 21% higher in Arg/Arg subjects compared to Gly/Gly at baseline (p = 0.01) and 20% higher than Gly/Gly at visit 2 (p = 0.01). Arg/Gly subjects had adjusted percent-predicted FEV(1) 17% lower than Arg/Arg at baseline but were similar to Arg/Arg subjects at visit 2. Although black beta-agonist users with the Arg/Arg genotype appeared to have better crude survival rates, the association between genotype and all-cause mortality was inconclusive. We found no difference in lung function or mortality by genotype among blacks who did not use beta-agonists or among whites, regardless of beta-agonist use. Conclusions. Black beta-agonist users with the ADRB2 Arg16Arg genotype had better lung function, and, possibly, better overall survival compared to black beta-agonist users with the Gly16Gly genotype. Our findings highlight the need for additional studies of sufficient size and statistical power to allow examination of outcomes among beta-agonist users of different races and genotypes. C1 [Ferdinands, Jill M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mannino, David M.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Lexington, KY USA. [Gwinn, Marta L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bray, Molly S.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ferdinands, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zdn5@cdc.gov OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [1R01HL073366-01, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC55020, N01-HC-55021, N01-HC-55022]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [UR6/CCU617218] FX Supported by grants 1R01HL073366-01 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and UR6/CCU617218 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study is carried out as a collaborative study supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contracts N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC55020, N01-HC-55021, and N01-HC-55022. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 3 AR e289 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000289 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10DN UT WOS:000207444800012 PM 17356698 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Schmid, CH Jamieson, DJ Lau, J AF Kourtis, Athena P. Schmid, Christopher H. Jamieson, Denise J. Lau, Joseph TI Use of antiretroviral therapy in pregnant HIV-infected women and the risk of premature delivery: a meta-analysis SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; HIV; meta-analysis; pregnancy; prematurity; protease inhibitors ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; ZIDOVUDINE; TRANSMISSION; COMBINATION; INFANTS; PREVENTION; OUTCOMES; RATES; BORN AB Background: The use of antiretroviral agents in pregnant HIV-infected women has been reported to increase the risk of premature delivery in some studies. We performed a meta-analysis on relevant studies to address this question. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register for English language articles. Studies that reported premature delivery for HIV-infected women treated with antiretroviral regimens during pregnancy were selected. Meta-analyses were performed using a random effects model. Results: Thirteen prospective cohorts and one retrospective study met the inclusion criteria. Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy did not increase the risk of premature delivery overall [odds ratio (OR) 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-1.34]. In subgroup analyses, compared with no therapy, monotherapy (mostly zidovudine) conferred an OR of 0.86 (95% CI 0.73-1.01), whereas combination therapy conferred an OR of 1.13 (95% CI 0.79-1.63). The use of protease inhibitor (PI)-containing combinations resulted in an OR for premature delivery of 1.24 (95% CI 0.76-2.02), compared with combinations without PI. The initiation of combination therapy before pregnancy or in the first trimester resulted in an OR of 1.71 (95% CI 1.09-2.67) compared with therapy initiation in the second trimester and beyond. There was a large degree of heterogeneity between studies. Conclusion: Evidence indicates that antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy is not associated with an overall increased risk of premature delivery. The use of combination regimens before or early in pregnancy may slightly increase the risk of prematurity. Continued surveillance will be necessary to quantify such a risk accurately. (c) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 2900 Woodcock Blvd,K34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov OI Schmid, Christopher/0000-0002-0855-5313 NR 27 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 12 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 607 EP 615 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32802ef2f6 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 151JS UT WOS:000245286900007 PM 17314523 ER PT J AU Vogel, LN Roberts, A Paddock, CD Genrich, GL Lamirande, EW Kapadia, SU Rose, JK Zaki, SR Subbarao, K AF Vogel, Leatrice N. Roberts, Anjeanette Paddock, Christopher D. Genrich, Gillian L. Lamirande, Elaine W. Kapadia, Sagar U. Rose, John K. Zaki, Sherif R. Subbarao, Kanta TI Utility of the aged BALB/c mouse model to demonstrate prevention and control strategies for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE SARS-CoV; aged mouse model; prophylaxis ID HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; VIRUS; MICE; INFECTION; RESPONSES; GAG AB The causative agent of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was identified as a coronavirus (CoV) following the outbreak of 2002-2003. There are currently no licensed vaccines or treatments for SARS-CoV infections. Potential prevention and control strategies that show promise in vitro must be evaluated in animal models. The aged BALB/c mouse model for SARS supports a high level of viral replication in association with clinical illness and disease that mimics SARS in the elderly. We tested two preventive strategies, vaccination and passive transfer of serum antibody, to determine the extent of protection achieved against SARS-CoV challenge in this model. These approaches were able to achieve or induce antibody titers sufficient to reduce viral load, protect from weight loss and reduce or eliminate histopathologic changes in the lungs of aged mice. This study validates the utility of the aged BALB/c mouse model for evaluation of the efficacy of vaccines and immunoprophylaxis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 50,Room 6132,50 S Dr,MSC 8007, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Ksubbarao@niaid.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAID NIH HHS [Z01 AI000934-03, AI057158, U54 AI057158] NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2173 EP 2179 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.055 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 146HN UT WOS:000244925200003 PM 17227689 ER PT J AU Singleton, RJ Butler, JC Bulkow, LR Hurlburt, D O'Brien, KL Doan, W Parkinson, AJ Hennessy, TW AF Singleton, Rosalyn J. Butler, Jay C. Bulkow, Lisa R. Hurlburt, Debby O'Brien, Katherine L. Doan, William Parkinson, Alan J. Hennessy, Thomas W. TI Invasive pneumococcal disease epidemiology and effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Alaska Native adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Alaska Native; pneumococcal disease; pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; NAVAJO ADULTS; REVACCINATION; INFECTIONS; RISK; OPPORTUNITIES AB Alaska Native persons have age-adjusted invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates two- to three-fold greater than non-Native Alaskans. To characterize IPD epidemiology and 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV-23) effectiveness in Alaska Native adults we reviewed IPD cases from Alaska-wide, laboratory-based surveillance. Sterile site isolates were serotyped. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated using the indirect cohort method. 394 cases (44.5 cases/100,000/year) occurred in 374 Alaska Native adults (36.0% aged >= 55 years). Underlying conditions included heavy alcohol use (65.7%), smoking (60.8%) and COPD (25.0%). Overall VE was 75% (95% confidence interval [0]: 27%, 91%) but declined with increasing age; for persons >= 55 years (VE = < 0-95% CI: < 0, 78%; p = 0.713). Alaska Native adults experience high rates of IPD. The majority of IPD cases occurred in persons with underlying conditions and behaviors associated with increased risk of IPD in other populations. PPV-23 vaccine effectiveness was confirmed in younger Alaska Native adults but not among adults >= 55 years. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arct Invest Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Singleton, RJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arct Invest Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ris2@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [1 U 26 94 00005] NR 37 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2288 EP 2295 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.065 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 146HN UT WOS:000244925200015 PM 17254673 ER PT J AU Chang, GJJ Davis, BS Stringfield, C Lutz, C AF Chang, Gwong-Jen J. Davis, Brent S. Stringfield, Cynthia Lutz, Christine TI Prospective immunization of the endangered California condors (Gymnogyps californianus) protects this species from lethal West Nile virus infection SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; DNA vaccine; California condors ID DNA VACCINE; CROWS AB West Nile virus (WNV) has caused significant morbidity and mortality in humans, mammals, and both native and exotic birds in North America since its emergence in New York City in 1999 and its subsequent spread westward. Prior to the arrival of WNV to the western United States, prospective vaccination was conducted for the entire population of endangered California condors, both in captivity and in the wild. Here we show that this vaccine is safe for condors, stimulates protective immunity in adults, nestlings, and newly hatched chicks. Most importantly, we demonstrate protection of captive birds exposed to naturally circulating WNV during the 2004 transmission season. The prospective vaccination of the entire population of California condors before the arrival of WNV has thus potentially saved this endangered species from subsequent lethal WNV encephalitis, and possible extinction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Los Angeles Zoo, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Chang, GJJ (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd,CDC Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gxc7@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2325 EP 2330 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.056 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 146HN UT WOS:000244925200019 PM 17224209 ER PT J AU Ryerson, AB Miller, J Eheman, CR White, MC AF Ryerson, A. B. Miller, J. Eheman, C. R. White, M. C. CA CDC TI Use of mammograms among women aged >= 40 years - United States, 2000-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 49-51, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ryerson, AB (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 9 BP 942 EP 943 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 143CP UT WOS:000244697900009 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Yang, Q Mai, C Mullinare, J AF Boulet, S. L. Yang, Q. Mai, C. Mullinare, J. CA CDC TI Folate status in women of childbearing age, by race/ethnicity - United States, 1999-2000, 2001-2002, and 2003-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1377-1380, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boulet, SL (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 9 BP 943 EP 945 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 143CP UT WOS:000244697900010 ER PT J AU Phan, Q Mshar, P Rabatsky-Ehr, T Welles, C Howard, R Hadler, J Clogher, P Marcus, R Demma, L AF Phan, Q. Mshar, P. Rabatsky-Ehr, T. Welles, C. Howard, R. Hadler, J. Clogher, P. Marcus, R. Demma, L. CA CDC TI Laboratory-confirmed non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli - Connecticut, 2000-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 29-31, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; VIRULENCE FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; GASTROENTERITIS; DISEASE C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. CDC, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, NAtl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Phan, Q (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 9 BP 945 EP 946 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 143CP UT WOS:000244697900011 ER PT J AU Li, P Jiang, N Nagarajan, S Wohlhueter, R Selvaraj, P Zhu, C AF Li, Ping Jiang, Ning Nagarajan, Shanmugam Wohlhueter, Robert Selvaraj, Periasamy Zhu, Cheng TI Affinity and kinetic analysis of Fc gamma receptor IIIa (CD16a) binding to IgG ligands SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; RIII; CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; CONCURRENT; ANTIBODIES; FRAGMENT; ADHESION; ISOFORMS; COMPLEX AB Binding of pathogen-bound immunoglobulin IS (IgG) to cell surface Fc gamma receptors (FcyRs) triggers a wide variety of effector functions. The binding kinetics and affinities of IgG-Fc gamma R interactions are hence important parameters for understanding Fc gamma R-mediated immune functions. We have measured the kinetic rates and equilibrium dissociation constants of IgG binding to a soluble Fc gamma RIIIa fused with Ig Fc (sCD16a) using the surface plasmon resonance technique. sCE116a interacted with monomeric human IgG and its subtypes IgG1 and IgG3 as well as rabbit IgG with on-rates of 6.5 X 10(3) 8.2 X 10(3), 1.1 X 10(4) and 1.8 X 10(4)M(-1) s(-1), off-rates of 4.7 X 10(-3), 5.7 X 10(-3) 5.9 X 10(-3), and 1.9 X 10(-2) s(-1), and equilibrium dissociation constants of 0.72, 0.71, 0.56, and 1.1 mu m, respectively. The kinetics and affinities measured by surface plasmon resonance agreed with those obtained from real time flow cytometry and competition inhibition binding experiments using cell surface CD16a. These data add to our understanding of IgG-Fc gamma R interactions. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Coulter Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zhu, C (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM cheng.zhu@bme.gatech.edu RI Zhu, Cheng/A-5724-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI049400, AI38282] NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 2 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 9 BP 6210 EP 6221 DI 10.1074/jbc.M609064200 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 145LS UT WOS:000244867200027 PM 17202140 ER PT J AU Mehta, SD Hall, J Lyss, SB Skolnik, PR Pealer, LN Kharasch, S AF Mehta, Supriya D. Hall, Jonathan Lyss, Sheryl B. Skolnik, Paul R. Pealer, Lisa N. Kharasch, Sigmund TI Adult and pediatric emergency department sexually transmitted disease and HIV screening: Programmatic overview and outcomes SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Academic-Emergency-Medicine (SAEM) CY MAY 23, 2005 CL New York, NY SP Soc Acad Emergency Med DE HIV testing; sexually transmitted disease testing; gonorrhea; chlamydia; pediatric emergency department ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; URINE SPECIMENS; OF-CARE; WOMEN; GONORRHEA; STRATEGIES; ASSAY AB Objectives: To measure the prevalence of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among emergency department (ED) patients who accept screening, and to assess treatment outcomes and risks for infection. Methods: Research staff offered voluntary testing for gonorrhea and chlamydia (by urine transcription-mediated amplification) and HIV (by enzyme immunoassay/Western blot of oral mucosal transudate) to ED patients. Pediatric (15-21 years) and adult (22-29 years) patients were eligible for gonorrhea and chlamydia testing; patients aged 15-54 years were eligible for HIV testing. The authors surveyed behavioral risks of patients accepting HIV testing. Results: From November 2003 to May 2004, 497 of 791 eligible pediatric patients (63%) and 1,000 of 2,180 eligible adult patients (46%) accepted screening for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and/or HIV. There were 41 patients infected with gonorrhea, chlamydia, or both among 380 pediatric patients (10.8%) and 11 of 233 adult patients (4.7%); 14 of 52 patients (27%) were treated presumptively by ED clinicians. Through study efforts, 33 of the 38 remaining patients were treated (90% overall treatment). Eight HIV infections were diagnosed: seven of 969 adult patients (0.7%) and one of 459 pediatric patients (0.2%); five HIV-infected patients (63%) received test results, and three (38%) attended an HIV clinic. Gonorrhea or chlamydia infection in pediatric patients was associated with multiple sex partners, same-sex intercourse, and suspicion of sexually transmitted diseases by the ED clinician. Conclusions: The high prevalence of gonorrhea and/or chlamydia infection among pediatric ED patients tested supports consideration of expanded screening. Targeted HIV screening with rapid tests merits exploration in the authors' ED, given the low-moderate numbers of patients identified through screening, receiving test results, and linked to care. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ctr HIV AIDS Care & Res, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Mehta, SD (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM supriyad@uic.edu OI Mehta, Supriya/0000-0002-7926-2489 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18/CCR120999] NR 32 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 250 EP 258 DI 10.1197/j.aem.2006.10.106 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 142FS UT WOS:000244635400011 PM 17331918 ER PT J AU MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Secura, GM Behel, S Bingham, T Celentano, DD Koblin, BA LaLota, M Shehan, D Thiede, H Torian, LV AF MacKellar, Duncan A. Valleroy, Linda A. Secura, Gina M. Behel, Stephanie Bingham, Trista Celentano, David D. Koblin, Beryl A. LaLota, Marlene Shehan, Douglas Thiede, Hanne Torian, Lucia V. CA Young Men's Survey Study Grp TI Perceptions of lifetime risk and actual risk for acquiring HIV among young men who have sex with men SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE risk perception; HIV; young MSM ID UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION; INFECTION; DECADE AB Among young men who have sex with men (MSM) surveyed in six US cities, we evaluated the magnitude and correlates of perceived lifetime risk for acquiring HIV, and missed opportunities to increase risk perception by providers of health-care and HIV-testing services. Overall, approximately one quarter of young MSM perceived themselves at moderate/high risk for acquiring HIV. Adjusting for demographic, prior testing, and behavioral characteristics, moderate/high perceived risk had the strongest association with unrecognized HIV infection. However, half of the 267 young MSM with unrecognized infection perceived themselves at low lifetime risk for acquiring HIV, and many young MSM with low-risk perception reported considerable risk behaviors. Providers of health-care and HIV-testing services missed opportunities to assess risks and recommend testing for young MSM. To increase HIV testing, prevention providers should intensify efforts to assess, and to increase when needed, perceptions of lifetime risks for acquiring HIV among young MSM. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP MacKellar, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dym4@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 11 IS 2 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9136-0 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 140CO UT WOS:000244480700010 PM 16791527 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Sansom, S AF Anderson, J. E. Sansom, S. TI HIV testing in a national sample of pregnant US women: Who is not getting tested? SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION AB It is recommended that all pregnant women in the US receive an HIV test as early as possible during prenatal care to allow HIV-infected women to begin receiving anti-retroviral drugs when they most effectively prevent transmission. We analyzed interview data from a nationally-representative sample of pregnant women to examine the extent of HIV testing among pregnant women and the characteristics associated with testing, including access to healthcare. We used data from the combined 2001 and 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a nationally-representative telephone-based behavioral survey of adults, aggregated across all states to yield national estimates. Among 4,855 women pregnant at interview we looked at the percentages recently tested and never tested by major populations subgroups and assessed differences using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analysis. Pregnant women were tested at a much higher rate than other women of the same age-54.1% had been tested in the past year compared with 15.4% of non-pregnant women. Categories of pregnant women that were more likely to never have been tested for HIV include those without a health plan or insurance (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.6) and those without a personal doctor (AOR: 1.7). Women with knowledge of methods to prevent perinatal HIV transmission were less likely to have never been tested (AOR: 0.8). Attaining the recommended goal of universal prenatal testing will require attention to women without personal doctors or health insurance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent E45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent E45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jea1@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD MAR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1080/09540120500521392 PG 6 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 147UO UT WOS:000245028300010 PM 17453572 ER PT J AU Stein, AD Kahn, HS Rundle, A Zybert, PA Bruin, KVDP Lumey, LH AF Stein, Aryeh D. Kahn, Henry S. Rundle, Andrew Zybert, Patricia A. an der Pal-de Bruin, Karin Lumey, L. H. TI Anthropometric measures in middle age after exposure to famine during gestation: evidence from the Dutch famine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE anthropometric measures; body composition; body mass index; body size; famine; maternal and infant health; Netherlands; nutrition; obesity ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ADULT MORTALITY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; FOLLOW-UP; IN-UTERO; OBESITY; BIRTH; WEIGHT AB Background: Few studies in humans have related maternal undernutrition to the size of the adult offspring. Objective: The objective was to assess whether reductions in food intake by pregnant women during the Dutch famine of 1944-1945 were related to offspring length, weight, and indexes of adiposity in middle age. Design: We recruited 1) exposed persons born in western Netherlands between January 1945 and March 1946 whose mothers experienced famine during or immediately preceding pregnancy, 2) unexposed persons born in the same 3 institutions during 1943 or 1947 whose mothers did not experience famine during this pregnancy, and 3) unexposed same-sex siblings of persons in series 1 or 2. Anthropometric measurements (n = 427 males and 529 females) were obtained between 2003 and 2005. We defined 4 windows of gestational exposure (by ordinal weeks 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, and 31 through delivery) on the basis of exposure to a ration of < 900 kcal/d during the whole 10-wk interval. Results: Exposure to reduced rations was associated with increased weight and greater indexes of fat deposition at several tissue sites in women but not in men (P for interaction < 0.01). Measures of length and linear proportion were not associated with exposure to famine. Conclusion: Reduced food availability may lead to increased adiposity later in life in female offspring. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. TNO Qual Life, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Lumey, LH (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM lumey@columbia.edu RI Rundle, Andrew/A-5282-2009; OI Rundle, Andrew/0000-0003-0211-7707; Stein, Aryeh/0000-0003-1138-6458; Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL067914] NR 33 TC 83 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 869 EP 876 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 146ES UT WOS:000244917900029 PM 17344511 ER PT J AU Compton, DW Baizerman, M AF Compton, Donald W. Baizerman, Michael TI Defining evaluation capacity building SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EVALUATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Compton, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1098-2140 J9 AM J EVAL JI Am. J. Eval. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 118 EP 119 DI 10.1177/1098214006298172 PG 2 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 140ZF UT WOS:000244544800012 ER PT J AU Khavjou, OA Finkelstein, EA Will, JC AF Khavjou, Olga A. Finkelstein, Eric A. Will, Julie C. TI The impact of medication use in a multicomponent intervention: Results from the WISEWOMAN program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular drugs; heart disease; risk factors; lifestyle intervention; WISEWOMAN ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HEALTH; PROFESSIONALS; STATEMENT; PRESSURE; THERAPY; PROJECT; WOMEN AB Purpose. To assess the impact of medication use on improvements in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk among WISEWOMAN participants. Design. Pre-post analysis. Setting. WISEWOMAN projects operating at the local level in 8 states. Subjects. WISEWOMAN participants with baseline and one-year follow-up data with at least one abnormal risk factor at baseline (N = 2385; 24 % of women with baseline visits). Intervention. WISEWOMAN provides low-income uninsured women with CHD risk factor screenings, lifestyle interventions, access to medications, and referral services. Measures. One-year changes in blood pressure, cholesterol, and 10-year CHD risk by medication status. Analysis. Regression analysis was used to estimate risk factor changes by medication status (newly medicated women, women medicated at baseline, or not medicated women) and quantify the percentage of improvements in risk factors attributed to medication use. Results. Participants experienced statistically significant improvements in systolic (12.6 mm Hg) and diastolic (9.7 mm Hg) blood pressure, total (25.7 mg/dl) and HDL (4.9 mg/dl) cholesterol, and 10-year CHD risk (11.6 %). Medication use was responsible for 4 % to 5 % of the reduction in blood pressure, 32 % of the reduction in total cholesterol, 3 % of the increase in HDL cholesterol, and 31 % of the reduction in 10-year CHD risk. Conclusions. Some of the improvements in CHO risk factors can be attributed to medication use; however, the majority of improvements are likely driven by a combination of other factors, including screenings, risk factor counseling, and lifestyle interventions. C1 RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Khavjou, OA (reprint author), RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM okhayjou@rti.org FU PHS HHS [200-97-0621] NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 267 EP 273 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 150QO UT WOS:000245231500008 PM 17375493 ER PT J AU Hediger, ML England, LJ Molloy, CA Yu, KF Manning-Courtney, P Mills, JL AF Hediger, M. L. England, L. J. Molloy, C. A. Yu, K. F. Manning-Courtney, P. Mills, J. L. TI Reduced bone cortical thickness in boys with autism or autism spectrum disorder. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NICHD, DESPR, Bethesda, MD USA. CDC, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CCHMC, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 259 EP 260 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 141AB UT WOS:000244547100039 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Giles, WH Greenlund, KJ AF Brown, David W. Giles, Wayne H. Greenlund, Kurt J. TI Blood pressure parameters and risk of fatal stroke, NHANES II mortality study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE systolic blood pressure; diastolic blood pressure; stroke ID NATIONAL DEATH INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH; MEN; HYPERTENSION; PREVENTION AB Background: Recent studies have suggested that systolic blood pressure (BP) is a better predictor of stroke than diastolic BP in apparently healthy white men. Whether these relationships are similar for women and African Americans remains unclear. Methods: We used data from 6667 (3205 men; 3462 women) adults from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Study to examine whether the relative risk of fatal stroke was associated with a 10 mm Hg increase in BP parameters (systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure). Results: During a median of nearly 15 years of followup, 113 fatal strokes (62 men; 51 women) occurred. Systolic BP was associated with an increased risk of fatal stroke for men (relative risk [RR] = 1.19), women (RR = 1.15), whites (RR = 1.17), and African Americans (RR = 1.28) after multivariable adjustment (all, P <= .05). Results for other BP parameters were not consistent; simultaneous consideration of two parameters did not improve prediction of fatal stroke over systolic BP alone. Conclusions: Our results agree with previous studies that indicate systolic BP is an important predictor of stroke risk for all groups within the population and provide further evidence of the need to control systolic BP in the population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbrown6@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0895-7061 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 338 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.08.004 PG 4 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 148DB UT WOS:000245053600020 PM 17324749 ER PT J AU Powe, BD Ross, L Wilkerson, D Brooks, P Cooper, D AF Powe, Barbara D. Ross, Louie Wilkerson, Donoria Brooks, Patrice Cooper, Dexter TI Testicular Cancer Among African American College Men: Knowledge, Perceived Risk, and Perceptions of Cancer Fatalism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH LA English DT Article DE testicular cancer; knowledge; cancer fatalism; African American men; historical Black colleges and universities ID SELF-EXAMINATION AB African American men present at later stages of testicular cancer and have higher mortality rates than Caucasian men. Lack of awareness, beliefs, and access to care may influence this disparity. Guided by the Powe fatalism model, this comparative study assessed knowledge of testicular cancer, perceived risk, and cancer fatalism among African American and Caucasian men who attended selected colleges and universities. Data were collected using the Powe Fatalism Inventory, the Testicular Cancer Knowledge Survey, and the Perceived Cancer Risk Survey. The majority (n = 190) of men were African American (70%), and the remainder were Caucasian. African American men were significantly younger than Caucasian men. African American men also had lower testicular cancer knowledge scores, higher perceptions of cancer fatalism, and lower perceived risk for the disease. Rates of testicular cancer screening were low for all the men. Research should focus on further understanding the relationship between cancer fatalism and health-promoting behaviors among African American men. C1 [Powe, Barbara D.; Wilkerson, Donoria; Brooks, Patrice; Cooper, Dexter] Amer Canc Soc, Behav Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Ross, Louie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Powe, BD (reprint author), Underserved Populat Res, 1599 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM Barbara.Powe@cancer.org NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1557-9883 J9 AM J MENS HEALTH JI Am. J. Mens Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1177/1557988306295305 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 384UF UT WOS:000261769000007 PM 19482784 ER PT J AU Cortese, MM Baughman, AL Brown, K Srivastava, P AF Cortese, Margaret M. Baughman, Andrew L. Brown, Kristin Srivastava, Pamela TI A "new age" in pertussis prevention - New opportunities through adult vaccination SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; YOUNG INFANTS; UNITED-STATES; WHOOPING-COUGH; ADOLESCENTS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIPHTHERIA; TETANUS; PATHOGENESIS AB Background: For the first time, pertussis vaccines for adolescents and adults (combined with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids [Tdap]) became available in the United States in 2005. Despite a fully implemented U.S. childhood pertussis vaccination program, substantial morbidity because of pertussis continues to occur. To reduce this morbidity, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended Tdap for all adolescents and adults in place of the next tetanus-diphtheria booster. As background for the basis of these recommendations, we summarize data on the morbidity and incidence of pertussis in U.S. adults and the role of adults in transmitting pertussis to young infants. Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed in March 2006 for data on pertussis incidence rates and cough illness because of pertussis among U.S. adults (prospective, nonoutbreak studies were selected) and pertussis complications in adults. Data from the national passive surveillance system were also analyzed in October 2005. Results: The true adult burden is estimated at more than 600,000 cases annually in the United States. Adults with pertussis commonly cough for 2-4 months, often resulting in repeated medical visits and missed work. Complications include pneumonia, rib fractures, and cough syncope. Adults are an important source of pertussis for young infants, who have the highest risk of hospitalization and death. Conclusions: The morbidity from pertussis in adults can be substantial, the incidence of pertussis in U.S. adults is high, and adults transmit infection to young infants. Providers now have the opportunity to reduce the burden of pertussis by vaccinating adults with Tdap. (Am J Prev Med 2007;32 (3):177-185) (c) 2007 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 United States Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cortese, MM (reprint author), United States Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcortese@cdc.gov NR 65 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.10.015 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 143NT UT WOS:000244730000001 PM 17296469 ER PT J AU Lee, GM Murphy, TV Lett, S Cortese, MM Kretsinger, K Schauer, S Lieu, TA AF Lee, Grace M. Murphy, Trudy V. Lett, Susan Cortese, Margaret M. Kretsinger, Katrina Schauer, Stephanie Lieu, Tracy A. TI Cost effectiveness of pertussis vaccination in adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; TETANUS TOXOIDS; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; ADOLESCENTS; DIPHTHERIA; POPULATION; MORBIDITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FORMULATION AB Background: Prior economic analyses have reached disparate conclusions about whether vaccinating adults against pertussis would be cost effective. Newly available data on pertussis incidence were used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of one-time adult vaccination and adult vaccination with decennial boosters. Methods: A Markov model was used to calculate the health benefits, risks, costs, and cost effectiveness of the following strategies: (1) no adult pertussis vaccination, (2) one-time adult vaccination at 20-64 years, and (3) adult vaccination with decennial boosters. The impact of the severity of pertussis illness, vaccine adverse events, and herd immunity on model outcomes were also examined. Results: At a disease incidence of 360 per 100,000, the one-time adult vaccination strategy would prevent 2.8 million cases, and the decennial vaccination strategy would prevent 8.3 million cases. As disease incidence varied from 10 to 500 per 100,000, the one-time adult vaccination strategy was projected to prevent 79,000 to 3.8 million adult pertussis cases, while the decennial vaccination program would prevent 239,000 to 11.4 million cases. A one-time adult vaccination strategy would result in 106 million people vaccinated, or approximately 64% of the adult cohort, for a total program cost of $2.1 billion, while a decennial vaccination strategy would cost $6.7 billion. The one-time and decennial booster vaccination strategies result in cost-effectiveness ratios of <$50,000 per quality-adjusted life year saved if disease incidence in adults were greater than 120 cases per 100,000 population. Conclusions: Routine vaccination of adults aged 20 to 64 years with combined tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis is cost effective if pertussis incidence in this age group is greater than 120 per 100,000 population. (Am J Prev Med 2007;32 (3):186 -193) (c) 2007 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. US Publ Hlth Serv Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lee, GM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM grace_lee@hphc.org NR 48 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.10.016 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 143NT UT WOS:000244730000002 PM 17296470 ER PT J AU Haddad, MB Diem, LA Cowan, LS Cave, D Bettridge, J Yun, L Winkler, CS Ingman, DD Oemig, TV Lynch, A Montero, JT McCombs, SB Ijaz, K AF Haddad, Maryam B. Diem, Lois A. Cowan, Lauren S. Cave, Donald Bettridge, Juli Yun, Lourdes Winkler, Carolyn S. Ingman, Denise D. Oemig, Tanya V. Lynch, Allen Montero, Jose T. McCombs, Scott B. Ijaz, Kashef TI Tuberculosis genotyping in six low-incidence states, 2000-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; STRAIN; COMPLETENESS; RISK AB Background: As tuberculosis incidence declines in the United States, a new tool for TB control efforts is Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping. Colorado, Iowa, Montana, New Hampshire, West Virginia, and Wisconsin began routine genotyping of all culture-confirmed TB cases in October 2000. Methods: M. tuberculosis isolates from cases reported October 2000 through December 2003 were genotyped by spoligotyping, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units, and IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Genotyping results were linked to demographic variables from national surveillance records. Patients who were in genotype clusters were interviewed and their records reviewed to determine possible transmission links among clustered patients. Final analysis was completed during April 2004 through June 2005. Results: Of 971 reported TB cases, 774 (80%) were culture-confirmed, of which 728 (94%) were genotyped. Most genotyped isolates (634 [87%]) were unique. Within 36 clusters linking 94 individuals, four clusters involved both U.S.- and foreign-born individuals. For eight clusters, genotyping results led to the discovery of previously unsuspected transmission. Transmission links between individuals were established in 21 (58%) of the 36 clusters. Conclusions: In these six low-incidence states, most isolates had unique genotypes, suggesting that most cases arose from activation of latent infection. Few TB clusters involved the foreign-born. For 58% of genotype clusters, epidemiologic investigation ascertained that clustering represented recent M. tuberculosis transmission. (Am J Prev Med 2007;32(3):239-243) (c) 2007 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Charleston, WV USA. Montana Dept Publ Hlth & Human Serv, Helena, MT USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Moines, IA USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH USA. RP Haddad, MB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM maryam.haddad@cdc.hhs.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.10.013 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 143NT UT WOS:000244730000009 PM 17236744 ER PT J AU Ockene, JK Edgerton, EA Teutsch, SM Marion, LN Miller, T Genevro, JL Loveland-Cherry, CJ Fielding, JE Briss, PA AF Ockene, Judith K. Edgerton, Elizabeth A. Teutsch, Steven M. Marion, Lucy N. Miller, Therese Genevro, Janice L. Loveland-Cherry, Carol J. Fielding, Jonathan E. Briss, Peter A. TI Integrating evidence-based clinical and community strategies to improve health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SERVICES TASK-FORCE; PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; TOBACCO CONTROL; PRIMARY-CARE; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; ADULTS; INTERVENTIONS; RATIONALE AB Multiple and diverse preventive strategies in clinical and community settings are necessary to improve health. This paper (1) introduces evidence-based recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Community Task Force sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2) examines, using a social-ecologic model, the evidence-based strategies for use in clinical and community settings to address preventable health-related problems such as tobacco use and obesity, and (3) advocates for prioritization and integration of clinical and community preventive strategies in the planning of programs and policy development, calling for additional research to develop the strategies and systems needed to integrate them. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Prevent & Behav Med, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. Merck & Co Inc, Outcomes Res & Management, West Point, PA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Sch Nursing, Augusta, GA USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Primary Care Prevent & Clin Partnerships, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ockene, JK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Prevent & Behav Med, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. EM Judith.Ockene@umassmed.edu NR 42 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.11.007 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 143NT UT WOS:000244730000010 PM 17296474 ER PT J AU Doherty, IA Leone, PA Aral, SO AF Doherty, Irene A. Leone, Peter A. Aral, Sevgi O. TI Social determinants of HIV infection in the deep south SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID CONCURRENT SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Doherty, IA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, 130 Mason Farm Rd,CB 7030, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM doherty@med.unc.edu NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3 BP 391 EP 391 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.104208 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 142GD UT WOS:000244636500001 PM 17267706 ER PT J AU Ram, PK Kelsey, E Miarintsoa, RRR Rakotomalala, O Dunston, C Quick, RE AF Ram, Pavani Kalluri Kelsey, Elaine Miarintsoa, Rasoatiana Rabeantoandro Rado Rakotomalala, Oliver Dunston, Chris Quick, Robert E. TI Bringing safe water to remote populations: An evaluation of a portable point-of-use intervention in rural Madagascar SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEA PREVENTION; STORAGE AB Rural populations disproportionately lack access to improved water supplies. We evaluated a novel scheme that employed community-based sales agents to disseminate the Safe Water System (SWS)-a household-level water chlorination and safe storage intervention-in rural Madagascar. Respondents from 242 households in 4 villages were interviewed; all used surface water for drinking water. Respondents from 239 households (99%) had heard of Sur'Eau, the SWS disinfectant; 226 (95%) reported having ever used Sur'Eau, and 166 (73%) reported current use. Current Sur'Eau use was confirmed in 54% of households. Community sales agents effectively motivated their neighbors to adopt a new health behavior that prevents diarrhea. Future work should focus on strategies for sustaining SWS use, factors that motivate community-based sales agents to promote SWS, and the feasibility of scaling up this approach. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ram, PK (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. EM pkrurn@buffalo.edu NR 8 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3 BP 398 EP 400 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.073460 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 142GD UT WOS:000244636500011 PM 17267727 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA Wagner, GR Ostry, A Blanciforti, LA Icutlip, RG Krajnak, KM Luster, M Munson, AE O'Callaghan, JP Parks, CG Simeonova, PP Miller, DB AF Schulte, Paul A. Wagner, Gregory R. Ostry, Aleck Blanciforti, Laura A. Icutlip, Robert G. Krajnak, Kristine M. Luster, Michael Munson, Albert E. O'Callaghan, James P. Parks, Christine G. Simeonova, Petia P. Miller, Diane B. TI Work, obesity, and occupational safety and health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FAT DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT-GAIN; NUTRITION EXAMINATION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE AB There is increasing evidence that obesity and overweight may be related, in part, to adverse work conditions. In particular, the risk of obesity may increase in high-demand, low-control work environments, and for those who work long hours. In addition, obesity may modify the risk for vibration-induced injury and certain occupational musculoskeletal disorders. We hypothesized that obesity may also be a co-risk factor for the development of occupational asthma and cardiovascular disease that and it may modify the worker's response to occupational stress, immune response to chemical exposures, and risk of disease from occupational neurotoxins. We developed 5 conceptual models of the interrelationship of work, obesity, and occupational safety and health and highlighted the ethical, legal, and social issues related to fuller consideration of obesity's role in occupational health and safety. C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pas4@cdc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; OI Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 NR 147 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3 BP 428 EP 436 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.086900 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 142GD UT WOS:000244636500016 PM 17267711 ER PT J AU Andre, M Ijaz, K Tillinghast, JD Krebs, VE Diem, LA Metchock, B Crisp, T McElroy, PD AF Andre, McKenzie Ijaz, Kashef Tillinghast, Jon D. Krebs, Valdis E. Diem, Lois A. Metchock, Beverly Crisp, Theresa McElroy, Peter D. TI Transmission network analysis to complement routine tuberculosis contact investigations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; SOCIAL NETWORK; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; STRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMMUNITY AB Objective. We examined the feasibility and value of network analysis to complement routine tuberculosis (TB) contact investigation procedures during an outbreak. Methods. We reviewed hospital, health department, and jail records and interviewed TB patients. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were genotyped. We evaluated contacts of TB patients for latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB, and analyzed routine contact investigation data, including tuberculin skin test (TST) results. Outcomes included number of contacts identified, number of contacts evaluated, and their TST status. We used network analysis visualizations and metrics (reach, degree, betweenness) to characterize the outbreak. Results. The index patient was symptomatic for 8 months and was linked to 37 secondary TB patients and more than 1200 contacts. Genotyping detected a 21-band pattern of a strain W variant. No HIV-infected patients were diagnosed. Contacts prioritized by network analysis were more likely to have LTBI than non-prioritized contacts (odds ratio=7.8; 95% confidence interval= 1.6, 36.6). Network visualizations and metrics highlighted patients central to sustaining the outbreak and helped prioritize contacts for evaluation. Conclusions. A network-informed approach to TB contact investigations provided a novel means to examine large quantities of data and helped focus TB control. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Orgnet Com, Cleveland, OH USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, TB Div, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Ijaz, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mail Stop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kijaz@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3 BP 470 EP 477 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.071936 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 142GD UT WOS:000244636500023 PM 17018825 ER PT J AU Stayner, L Bena, J Sasco, AJ Smith, R Steenland, K Kreuzer, M Straif, K AF Stayner, Leslie Bena, James Sasco, Annie J. Smith, Randall Steenland, Kyle Kreuzer, Michaela Straif, Kurt TI Lung cancer risk and workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE SMOKING; NONSMOKING WOMEN; INVOLUNTARY SMOKING; CHINESE-WOMEN; METAANALYSIS; MULTICENTER AB Objectives. We sought to quantitatively evaluate the association between workplace environmental tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer. Methods. We performed a meta-analysis in 2003 of data from 22 studies from multiple locations worldwide of workplace environmental tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer risk. Estimates of relative risk from these studies were analyzed by fitting the data to fixed and mixed effects models. Analyses of highly exposed workers and of the relationship between duration of exposure and lung cancer were also performed. Results. The meta-analysis indicated a 24% increase in lung cancer risk (relative risk [RR] = 1.24; 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 1.18, 1.29) among workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. A 2-fold increased risk (RR=2.01; 95% 0=133, 2.60) was observed for workers classified as being highly exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. A strong relationship was observed between lung cancer and duration of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Conclusions. The findings from this investigation provide the strongest evidence to date that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Quantitat Hlth Sci, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Univ Bordeaux 2, Canc Grp, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Gesell Strahlenforsch, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. RP Stayner, L (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, M-C 923,1603 W Taylor St,Room 971, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM lstayner@uic.edu NR 53 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3 BP 545 EP 551 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.061275 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 142GD UT WOS:000244636500034 PM 17267733 ER PT J AU Guo, Z Chen, LM Zeng, H Gomez, JA Plowden, J Fujita, T Katz, JM Donis, RO Sambhara, S AF Guo, Zhu Chen, Li-mei Zeng, Hui Gomez, Jorge A. Plowden, Julie Fujita, Takashi Katz, Jacqueline M. Donis, Ruben O. Sambhara, Suryaprakash TI NS1 protein of influenza A virus inhibits the function of intracytoplasmic pathogen sensor, RIG-I SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-3; NF-KAPPA-B; ADAPTER PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; HELICASES; ROLES; CELLS; GENE; MDA5 AB Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) has recently been identified as one of the key intracellular sensors of virus infection. RIG-I binds to cytosolic double-stranded RNA and initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of transcription factors required for expression of type I interferon (IFN-I). Previous evidence suggests that nonstructural protein I (NS1) encoded by influenza A virus (IAV) suppresses IFN-I secretion in virus-infected cells by an unknown mechanism. In the present study, we demonstrate that RIG-I is required for induction of IFN-I in an IAV-infected human lung epithelial cell line. Knockdown of RIG-I expression by RNA interference greatly impairs production of IFN-beta in cells infected with different strains of wild-type IAV. Furthermore, co-expression of IAV NS1 down-regulates production of IFN-beta induced by RIG-I agonists, and ectopic expression of RIG-I inhibits the replication of IAV. These results provide further information on the mechanism by which IAV NS1 antagonizes the host antiviral response. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Virus Res, Lab Mol Genet, Kyoto, Japan. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssambhara@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 106 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0283RC PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 144RT UT WOS:000244814500001 ER PT J AU Chretien, JP Anyamba, A Bedno, SA Breiman, RF Sang, R Sergon, K Powers, AM Onyango, CO Small, J Tucker, CJ Linthicum, KJ AF Chretien, Jean-Paul Anyamba, Assaf Bedno, Sheryl A. Breiman, Robert F. Sang, Rosemary Sergon, Kibet Powers, Ann M. Onyango, Clayton O. Small, Jennifer Tucker, Compton J. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Drought-associated Chikungunya emergence along coastal East Africa SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; VEGETATION; EPIDEMICS; VIRUS; KENYA AB Epidemics of chikungunya fever, an Aedes spp.-borne viral disease, affected hundreds of thousands of people in western Indian Ocean islands and India during 2005-2006. The initial outbreaks occurred in coastal Kenya (Lamu, then Mombasa) in 2004. We investigated eco-climatic conditions associated with chikungunya fever emergence along coastal Kenya using epidemiologic investigations and satellite data. Unusually dry, warm conditions preceded the outbreaks, including the driest since 1998 for some of the coastal regions. Infrequent replenishment of domestic water stores and elevated temperatures may have facilitated Chikungunya virus transmission. These results suggest that drought-affected populations may be at heightened risk for chikungunya fever, and underscore the need for safe water storage during drought relief operations. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. CDC, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. CDC, Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chretien, JP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Div Prevent Med, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jean-Paul.Chretien@na.amedd.army.mil; Assaf@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov; sbedno@wrp-nbo.org; RBreiman@ke.cdc.gov; Rsang@kemri.org; kibetsergon@yahoo.com; akp7@cdc.gov; conyango@mrc.gm; jsmall@pop900.gsfc.nasa.gov; compton@ltpmailx.gsfc.nasa.gov; klinthicum@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 15 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 BP 405 EP 407 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 146FA UT WOS:000244918700002 PM 17360859 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NM Beckett, S Edwards, E Klenk, K Komar, N AF Nemeth, Nicole M. Beckett, Susan Edwards, Eric Klenk, Kaci Komar, Nicholas TI Avian mortality surveillance for West Nile virus in Colorado SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EARLY WARNING SYSTEM; NEW-YORK-STATE; AMERICAN CROWS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; DEAD BIRDS; INFECTION; MOSQUITOS; ANTIGEN; BRACHYRHYNCHOS AB We tested 1,549 avian carcasses of 104 species to identify targets for West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance in Colorado, determine species affected by WNV, compare virus isolation versus RNA detection applied to hearts and oral swabs from carcasses, and compare the VecTest WNV Antigen Assay (VecTest) to standard assays. Forty-two species tested positive. From June to September 2003, 86% of corvids, 34% of non-corvid passerines, and 37% of raptors tested positive. We developed the Target Species Index, which identified American crows as the most important avian indicator species. However, testing Multiple species maximizes detection, which may be important early and late in the transmission season. This index may benefit surveillance for other zoonotic pathogens, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus. VecTest using oral swabs was most sensitive for American crow, black-billed magpie, house finch, house sparrow, and American kestrel. Wildlife rehabilitation centers should be recruited to enhance WNV surveillance. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Nemeth, NM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM nnemeth@colostate.edu; susanmb79@yahoo.com; ede2@cdc.gov; Kaci.Klenk@aphis.usda.gov; nkomar@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 BP 431 EP 437 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 146FA UT WOS:000244918700006 PM 17360863 ER PT J AU Sinclair, JR Carroll, DS Montgomery, JM Pavlin, B McCombs, K Mills, JN Comer, JA Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Nichol, ST Sanchez, AJ Hutson, CL Bell, M Rooney, JA AF Sinclair, Julie R. Carroll, Darin S. Montgomery, Joel M. Pavlin, Boris McCombs, Katherine Mills, James N. Comer, James A. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Rollin, Pierre E. Nichol, Stuart T. Sanchez, Angela J. Hutson, Christina L. Bell, Michael Rooney, Jane A. TI Two cases of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Randolph County, West Virginia: A coincidence of time and place? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; VIRUS; OUTBREAK; BOLIVIA; INFECTION; RESERVOIR; DISEASE; MICE AB Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is caused by an infection with viruses of the genus Hantavirus in the western hemisphere. Rodent hosts of hantaviruses are present throughout the United States. In July 2004, two HPS case-patients were identified in Randolph County, WV: a wildlife science graduate student working locally and a Randolph County resident. We interviewed family members and colleagues, reviewed medical records, and conducted environmental studies at likely exposure sites. Small mammals were trapped, and blood, urine, and tissue samples were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for laboratory analyses. These analyses confirmed that both patients were infected with Monongahela virus, a Sin Nombre hantavirus variant hosted by the Cloudland deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus nitbiterrae. Other than one retrospectively diagnosed case in 1981, these are the first HPS cases reported in West Virginia. These cases emphasize the need to educate the public throughout the United States regarding risks and prevention measures for hantavirus infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sinclair, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-73, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bwg5@cdc.gov; dcarroll@cdc.gov; jmontgomery@cdc.gov; bpavlin@cdc.gov; katherine.mccombs@vdh.virginia.gov; jum0@cdc.gov; jnc0@cdc.gov; tgk0@cdc.gov; pyr3@cdc.gov; stn1@cdc.gov; amj4@cdc.gov; zuu6@cdc.gov; zzb8@cdc.gov; Jane.A.Rooney@aphis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 BP 438 EP 442 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 146FA UT WOS:000244918700007 PM 17360864 ER PT J AU Galardo, AKR Arruda, M Couto, AARD Wirtz, R Lounibos, LP Zimmerman, RH AF Ribeiro Galardo, Allan Kardec Arruda, Mercia D'Almeida Couto, Alvaro A. R. Wirtz, Robert Lounibos, L. Philip Zimmerman, Robert H. TI Malaria vector incrimination in three rural riverine villages in the Brazilian Amazon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ENTOMOLOGICAL INOCULATION RATES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; HIGH PREVALENCE; COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOS; ENDEMIC AREA; VIVAX; TRANSMISSION AB Vector incrimination studies were conducted from April 2003 to February 2005 at three riverine villages 1.5 km to 7.0 km apart, along the Matapi River, Amapa State, Brazil. A total of 113,117 mosquitoes were collected and placed in pools of <= 7 mosquitoes (19,883 pools) and tested for species-specific circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of P. fialciparum, P. vivax VK210, and P. vivax VK247 using the enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). A subset of 63,330 mosquitoes (12,191 pools) was tested for P. malariae. Anopheles darlingi and An. marajoara had the highest proportion of circumsporozoite protein positives for human malaria parasites compared with An. nuneztovari, An. triannulatus, and An. intermedius. Anopheles darlingi and An. marajoara had the highest entomological inoculation rates (EIR) and were considered to be the most important malaria vectors in the study. Anopheles nunevovari was also an important vector. Differences in entomological inoculation rates were more dependent on mosquito abundance than on sporozoite rates. C1 Univ Florida, Florida Med Entomol Lab, IFAS, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Secretaria Estado Saude Amapa, Gerencia Projeto Ensino & Pesquisa Saude, Amapa, Brazil. Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Dept Immunol, Recife, PE, Brazil. Inst Pesquisas Cientif & Tecnol Estado Amapa, Amapa, Brazil. Secretaria Estado Saude Amapa, Gerencia Projeto Ensino & Pesquisa Saude, Amapa, Brazil. RP Zimmerman, RH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Med Entomol Lab, IFAS, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. EM rhzimmer@bellsouth.net FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI48806-01A1] NR 54 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 BP 461 EP 469 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 146FA UT WOS:000244918700011 PM 17360868 ER PT J AU Plotinsky, RN Talbot, EA Davis, H AF Plotinsky, Rachel N. Talbot, Elizabeth A. Davis, Harry TI Short report: Cuterebra cutaneous myiasis, New Hampshire, 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB We describe a cluster of patients in New Hampshire with Cuterebra cutaneous myiasis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Bur Dis Control & Lab Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Franklin Pierce Coll, Rindge, NH 03461 USA. RP Plotinsky, RN (reprint author), Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Sect Infect Dis & Int Hlth, 1 Med Ctr Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. EM Elizabeth.A.Talbot@hitchcock.org NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 BP 596 EP 597 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 146FA UT WOS:000244918700033 PM 17360890 ER PT J AU Dankbar, DM Dawson, ED Mehlmann, M Moore, CL Smagala, JA Shaw, MW Cox, NJ Kuchta, RD Rowlen, KL AF Dankbar, Daniela M. Dawson, Erica D. Mehlmann, Martin Moore, Chad L. Smagala, James A. Shaw, Michael W. Cox, Nancy J. Kuchta, Robert D. Rowlen, Kathy L. TI Diagnostic microarray for influenza B viruses SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; SURVEILLANCE; OPTIMIZATION; VARIANTS; LINEAGES; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; RNA AB The importance of global influenza surveillance using simple and rapid diagnostics has been frequently highlighted. For influenza type B, the need exists for discrimination between the two currently circulating major lineages, represented by virus strains B/Victoria/2/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88, as only one of these lineages is represented in seasonal influenza vaccines. Here, the development and characterization of a low-density DNA microarray (designated BChip) designed to detect and identify the two influenza B lineages is presented. The assay involved multiplex nucleic acid amplification and microarray hybridization of viral RNA. Detection and lineage identification was achieved in less than 8 h. In a study of 62 influenza B virus samples from 19 countries, dating from 1945 to 2005, as well as 5 negative control samples, the assay exhibited 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Furthermore, application of a trained artificial neural network to the pattern of relative fluorescence signals resulted in correct lineage assignment for 94% of 50 applicable influenza B viruses, with no false assignments. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. InDevR LLC, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Rowlen, KL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Rowlen@colorado.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI056528, U01 AI056528-01, U01AI056528] NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 BP 2084 EP 2090 DI 10.1021/ac061960s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 140ID UT WOS:000244497300037 PM 17326602 ER PT J AU Nyadong, L Green, MD De Jesus, VR Newton, PN Fernandez, FM AF Nyadong, Leonard Green, Michael D. De Jesus, Victor R. Newton, Paul N. Fernandez, Facundo M. TI Reactive desorption electrospray ionization linear ion trap mass spectrometry of latest-generation counterfeit antimalarials via noncovalent complex formation SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; SPRAY IONIZATION; RAPID ANALYSIS; EXPLOSIVES; TABLETS; DIHYDROARTEMISININ; ARTESUNATE AB Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI MS) is rapidly becoming accepted as a powerful surface characterization tool for a wide variety of samples in the open air. Besides its well-established high-throughput capabilities, a unique feature of DESI is that chemical reactions between the charged spray microdroplets and surface molecules can be exploited to enhance ionization. Here, we present a rapid screening assay for artesunate antimalarials based on reactive DESI. Artesunate is a vital therapy for Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but artesunate tablets have been counterfeited on a very large scale in SE Asia, and more recently in Africa. For this reason, faster and more sensitive screening tests are urgently needed. The proposed DESI assay is based on the formation of stable noncovalent complexes between linear alkylamines dissolved in the DESI spray solution and artesunate molecules exposed on the tablet surface. We found that, depending on amine type and concentration, a sensitivity gain of up to 170x can be obtained, in comparison to reagent-less DESI. Hexylamine (Hex), dodecylamine (DDA), and octadecylamine (ODA) produced proton-bound noncovalent complexes with gas-phase stabilities, increasing in the order [M + Hex + H](+) < [M + DDA + H](+) < [M + ODA + H](+). Tandem MS experiments revealed that complex formation occurred by hydrogen bonding between the amine nitrogen and the ether-like moieties within the artesunate lactone ring. After the reactive DESI assay was fully characterized, it was applied to a set of recently collected suspicious artesunate tablets purchased in shops and pharmacies in SE Asia. Not only did we find that these samples were counterfeits, but we also detected the presence of several wrong active ingredients. Of particular concern was the positive detection of artesunate traces in the surface of one of the samples, which we quantified with standard chromatographic techniques. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. RP Fernandez, FM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM facundo.fernandez@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 FU Wellcome Trust NR 47 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 BP 2150 EP 2157 DI 10.1021/ac062205h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 140ID UT WOS:000244497300046 PM 17269655 ER PT J AU Burton, NC Grinshpun, SA Reponen, T AF Clark Burton, Nancy Grinshpun, Sergey A. Reponen, Tiina TI Physical collection efficiency of filter materials for bacteria and viruses SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE bacteriophages; collection efficiency; endospores; gelatin; polycarbonate; polytetrafluoroethylene ID INHALABLE AEROSOL SAMPLER; BIOAEROSOL COLLECTION; FUNGAL SPORES; BACTERIOPHAGE-MS2; INACTIVATION; PARTICLES; INDOOR; IRRADIATION; HOMES; WATER AB The purpose of this study was to determine the physical collection efficiency of commercially available filters for collecting airborne bacteria, viruses, and other particles in the 10-900 nm (nanometer) size range. Laboratory experiments with various polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polycarbonate (PC) and gelatin filters in conjunction with Button (TM) Inhalable samplers and three-piece cassettes were undertaken. Both biological and non-biological test aerosols were used: Bacillus atrophaeus, MS2, polystyrene latex (PSL), and sodium chloride (NaCl). The B.atrophaeus endospores had an aerodynamic diameter of 900 nm, whereas MS2 virion particles ranged from 10 to 80 nm. Monodisperse 350 nm PSL particles were used as this size was believed to have the lowest filtration efficiency. NaCl solution (1% weight by volume) was used to create a polydisperse aerosol in the 10-600 nm range. The physical collection efficiency was determined by measuring particle concentrations size-selectively upstream and downstream of the filters. The PTFE and gelatin filters showed excellent collection efficiency (> 93%) for all of the test particles. The PC filters showed lower collection efficiency for small particles especially < 100 nm. Among the tested filters, the lowest collection efficiencies, 49 and 22%, were observed for 1 and 3-mu m pore size PC filters at the particle sizes of 47 and 63 nm, respectively. The results indicate that the effect of filter material is more significant for the size range of single virions than for bacteria. The effect of filter loading was examined by exposing filters to mixtures of PSL particles, which aimed at mimicking typical indoor dust levels and size distributions. A 4-h loading did not cause significant change in the physical collection efficiency of the tested filters. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Burton, NC (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-11, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM NBurton@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 6 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mel073 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 145BF UT WOS:000244839600004 PM 17041245 ER PT J AU Qvarnstrom, Y Sullivan, JJ Bishop, HS Hollingsworth, R da Silva, AJ AF Qvarnstrom, Yvonne Sullivan, James J. Bishop, Henry S. Hollingsworth, Robert da Silva, Alexandre J. TI PCR-based detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in tissue and mucus secretions from molluscan hosts SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EOSINOPHILIC-MENINGITIS; PARASTRONGYLUS-CANTONENSIS; COSTARICENSIS MORERA; RATS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; CESPEDES; OUTBREAK; LARVAE; SNAILS AB Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a common cause of human eosinophilic meningitis. Recent outbreaks of this infection have shown that there is a need to determine the distribution of this nematode in the environment in order to control transmission. A. cantonensis is generally identified morphologically in the molluscan intermediate host by microscopic examination, which can be labor-intensive. The aim of this study was to develop a PCR-based method to detect A. cantonensis directly from molluscan tissue. A total of 34 Parmarion cf. martensi (Simroth) semislugs, 25 of which were naturally infected with A. cantonensis, were used to develop this assay. Tissue pieces (approximately 25 mg) were digested with pepsin-HCl to recover third-stage larvae for morphological identification or were used for DNA extraction. PCR primers were designed to amplify 1,134 bp from the Angiostrongylus 18S rRNA gene, and the amplicons produced were sequenced for identification at the species level. Both microscopy and the PCR-DNA sequencing analysis indicated that the same 25 semislugs were positive for A. cantonensis, showing that the two methods were equally sensitive and specific for this application. However, morphological detection requires access to living mollusks, whereas molecular analysis can also be performed with frozen tissue. The PCR-DNA sequencing method was further evaluated using tissue from Veronicella cubensis (Pfeiffer) slugs and mucus secretions from infected P. martensi. To our knowledge, this is the first use of a PCR-based method to confirm the presence of A. cantonensis in mollusks collected in the environment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. RP da Silva, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4700 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM abs8@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1419 DI 10.1128/AEM.01968-06 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 148IU UT WOS:000245068900003 PM 17194836 ER PT J AU Rao, CY Riggs, MA Chew, GL Muilenberg, ML Thorne, PS Van Sickle, D Dunn, KH Brown, C AF Rao, Carol Y. Riggs, Margaret A. Chew, Ginger L. Muilenberg, Michael L. Thorne, Peter S. Van Sickle, David Dunn, Kevin H. Brown, Clive TI Characterization of airborne molds, endotoxins, and glucans in homes in New Orleans after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL AGENTS; INDOOR AIR; ENVIRONMENTS; INFLAMMATION; FUNGI; SAMPLES AB In August and September 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused breeches in the New Orleans, LA, levee system, resulting in catastrophic flooding. The city remained flooded for several weeks, leading to extraordinary mold growth in homes. To characterize the potential risks of mold exposures, we measured airborne molds and markers of molds and bacteria in New Orleans area homes. In October 2005, we collected air samples from 5 mildly water-damaged houses, 15 moderately to heavily water-damaged houses, and 11 outdoor locations. The air filters were analyzed for culturable fungi, spores, (1 -> 3,1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucans, and endotoxins. Culturable fungi were significantly higher in the moderately/heavily water-damaged houses (geometric mean = 67,000 CFU/m(3)) than in the mildly water-damaged houses (geometric mean = 3,700 CFU/m(3)) (P = 0.02). The predominant molds found were Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Trichoderma, and Paecilomyces. The indoor and outdoor geometric means for endotoxins were 22.3 endotoxin units (EU)/m(3) and 10.5 EU/m(3), respectively, and for (1 -> 3,1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucans were 1.7 mu g/m(3) and 0.9 mu g/m(3), respectively. In the moderately/heavily water-damaged houses, the geometric means were 31.3 EU/m(3) for endotoxins and 1.8 mu g/m(3) for (1 -> 3,1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucans. Molds, endotoxins, and fungal glucans were detected in the environment after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in New Orleans at concentrations that have been associated with health effects. The species and concentrations were different from those previously reported for non-water-damaged buildings in the southeastern United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Rao, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM crao@cdc.gov RI Dunn, Kevin/I-2195-2012 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005605, P30 ES009089, P30ES00000243, P30ES009089, P30ES05605] NR 22 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1630 EP 1634 DI 10.1128/AEM.01973-06 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 148IU UT WOS:000245068900029 PM 17209066 ER PT J AU Schumm, WR AF Schumm, Walter Richard TI Adverse reactions to anthrax vaccine (eg, optic neuritis) may be more complex or delayed than reported initially by Payne et al (2006) SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schumm, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM schumm@ksu.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 64 IS 3 BP 457 EP 458 DI 10.1001/archneur.64.3.457 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 145GZ UT WOS:000244854600028 PM 17353397 ER PT J AU Payne, DC Rose, CE Kerrison, J Aranas, A Duderstadt, S McNeil, MM AF Payne, Daniel C. Rose, Charles E., Jr. Kerrison, John Aranas, Aaron Duderstadt, Susan McNeil, Michael M. TI Adverse reactions to anthrax vaccine (eg, optic neuritis) may be more complex or delayed than reported initially by Payne et al (2006) - In reply SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Payne, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvp6@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 64 IS 3 BP 458 EP 458 DI 10.1001/archneur.64.3.458-a PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 145GZ UT WOS:000244854600029 ER PT J AU Zhang, XZ Saaddine, JB Lee, PP Grabowski, DC Kanjilal, S Duenas, MR Narayan, KMV AF Zhang, Xinzhi Saaddine, Jinan B. Lee, Paul P. Grabowski, David C. Kanjilal, Sanjat Duenas, Michael R. Narayan, K. M. Venkat TI Eye care in the United States - Do we deliver to high-risk people who can benefit most from it? SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; MEDICAL-CARE; DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; OLDER-ADULTS; VISION CARE; MACULAR DEGENERATION; LENS OPACITIES; SEE PROJECT AB Objective: To estimate the levels of self-reported access of eye care services in the nation. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey ( 30 920 adults aged >= 18 years). We estimated the number of US adults at high risk for serious vision loss and assessed factors associated with the use of eye care services. Results: An estimated 61 million adults in the United States were at high risk for serious vision loss ( they had diabetes, had vision or eye problems, or were aged >= 65 years); 42.0% of the 78 million adults who had dilated eye examinations in the past 12 months were among this group. Among the high-risk population, the probability of having a dilated eye examination increased with age, education, and income ( P <. 01). The probability of receiving an examination was higher for the insured, women, persons with diabetes, and those with vision or eye problems ( P <. 01). Approximately 5 million highrisk adults could not afford eyeglasses when needed; being female, having low income, not having insurance, and having vision or eye problems were each associated with such inability ( P <. 01). Conclusions: There is substantial inequity in access to eye care in the United States. Better targeting of resources and efforts toward people at high risk may help reduce these disparities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Zhang, XZ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM xzhang4@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Lee, Paul/0000-0002-3338-136X NR 64 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 125 IS 3 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.1001/archopht.125.3.411 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 145DR UT WOS:000244846000019 PM 17353417 ER PT J AU Niccolai, LM Hochberg, AL Ethier, KA Lewis, JB Ickovics, JR AF Niccolai, Linda M. Hochberg, Abby L. Ethier, Kathleen A. Lewis, Jessica B. Ickovics, Jeannette R. TI Burden of recurrent Chlamydia trachomatis infections in young women - Further uncovering the "hidden epidemic" SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; ADOLESCENT FEMALES; SEX PARTNERS; RISK-FACTORS; DETERMINANTS; PERSISTENT; CERVICITIS; DISEASES; COHORT; STATE AB Objective: To determine the frequency and patterns of recurrent Chlamydia trachomatis infections, the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in young women. Design: Cohort study using different data collection methods, including face- to- face interviews, medical record reviews, urine- based screening for C trachomatis infections, and a review of state health department reports of C trachomatis diagnoses. Setting: Ten community- based health centers that provided reproductive health care from June 1998 to September 2001. Participants: Eligibility criteria included being nulliparous, between the ages of 14 and 19 years, and human immunodeficiency virus - negative, all at the time of recruitment. This convenience sample ( N= 411) was recruited by word of mouth, clinician referrals, and advertisements in the clinics. Prospective follow- up data were available for 93.9% ( 386/ 411) of the sample. The exposure of interest was prior chlamydia infection. Main Outcome Measure: Diagnosis of recurrent C trachomatis infection. Results: During the follow- up period of 23 318 person- months ( mean, 4.7 years per person), 216 participants ( 52.6%) were diagnosed as having C trachomatis infection, and 123 participants ( 29.9% of the total sample and 56.9% of those with initial infections) were diagnosed as having recurrent C trachomatis infections. Of 456 C trachomatis diagnoses made during the study period, 241 ( 52.9%) were recurrent infections. The rate of recurrent infections was 42.1 per 1000 personmonths. The median time to recurrent infection was 5.2 months. Conclusion: Recurrent C trachomatis infections comprise a substantial health burden among young women, possibly higher than previously recognized in this vulnerable population. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Niccolai, LM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 60 Coll St,POB 208034, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM linda.niccolai@yale.edu FU NIDA NIH HHS [P01 MH/DA 56826] NR 25 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 161 IS 3 BP 246 EP 251 DI 10.1001/archpedi.161.3.246 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 142LC UT WOS:000244650300005 PM 17339505 ER PT J AU LeBaron, CW Beeler, J Sullivan, BJ Forghani, B Bi, DL Beck, C Audet, S Gargiullo, P AF LeBaron, Charles W. Beeler, Judith Sullivan, Bradley J. Forghani, Bagher Bi, Daoling Beck, Carol Audet, Susette Gargiullo, Paul TI Persistence of measles antibodies after 2 doses of measles vaccine in a postelimination environment SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLAQUE-NEUTRALIZATION TEST; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; FOLLOW-UP; ELIMINATION; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; REVACCINATION; TRANSMISSION AB Objective: To evaluate the persistence of measles antibodies after 2 doses of measles vaccine in a setting where exposure to wild- type measles was unlikely. Measles was declared eliminated from the United States in 2000, an achievement attributed to effective implementation of a routine 2- dose vaccination policy. Some have questioned whether measles transmission could resume if immunity wanes in the absence of boosting from wild- type measles. Design: Prospective, observational, volunteer cohort study. Setting: Rural Wisconsin health maintenance organization. Participants: Children who received the second measles vaccine dose at kindergarten ( aged 4- 6 years) or middle school ( aged 10- 12 years) in 1994 or 1995. Serum samples were collected periodically during a 10- year period for the kindergarten group and a 5- year period for the middle school group. Intervention: Second dose of measles vaccine. Main Outcome Measure: Measles antibody levels were assessed by plaque- reduction neutralization: titers less than 8 mIU/ mL were considered seronegative and suggestive of susceptibility to measles, and titers of 120 mIU/ mL or less were considered low and suggestive of potential susceptibility. Results: During the study period, no measles was reported in the study area. Voluntary attrition reduced the study population from 621 at enrollment to 364 ( 58.6%) by study end. Before the second dose, 3.1% ( 19/ 621) had low titers, of whom 74% ( 14/ 19) were antibodynegative, with geometric mean titers being significantly higher in kindergarteners ( 1559 mIU/ mL) than in middle schoolers ( 757 mIU/ mL) and rates of negativity significantly lower ( 1.0% [ 3/ 312] vs 3.6% [ 11/ 309]). One month after the second dose, 0.2% ( 1/ 612) had low titers and none was seronegative, with geometric mean titers being significantly higher in kindergarteners ( 2814 mIU/ mL) than in middle schoolers ( 1672 mIU/ mL). By study end, 4.9% ( 18/ 364) had low titers and none was seronegative, with no significant difference in geometric mean titers between kindergarteners ( 641 mIU/ mL) and middle schoolers ( 737 mIU/ mL) when both groups were aged 15 years. Projections suggest that the proportion of persons with low antibody levels may increase over time. Conclusions: Measles antibody persisted in all vaccinees available for follow- up 10 years after a second dose of vaccine, with no seronegative results detected. Declining titers suggest the need for vigilance in ensuring disease protection for the vaccinated population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Div Viral Prod, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. Marshfield Clin Med Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab Branch, Div Communicable Dis Control, Richmond, CA USA. RP LeBaron, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mail Stop A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM clebaron@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 161 IS 3 BP 294 EP 301 DI 10.1001/archpedi.161.3.294 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 142LC UT WOS:000244650300011 PM 17339511 ER PT J AU Khan, AJ Gebreselassie, H Asturias, EJ Agboatwalla, M Teklehaimanot, R Luby, SP Bayene, B Chezzi, C Asghar, H Moatter, T Torres, OR Kew, O Winkelstein, J Halsey, NA AF Khan, Aamir J. Gebreselassie, Hailemichael Asturias, Edwin J. Agboatwalla, Mubina Teklehaimanot, Redda Luby, Stephen P. Bayene, Berhane Chezzi, Claudia Asghar, Humayun Moatter, Tariq Torres, Olga R. Kew, Olen Winkelstein, Jerry Halsey, Neal A. TI No evidence for prolonged excretion of polioviruses in persons with residual paralytic poliomyelitis in Ethiopia, Pakistan and Guatemala (vol 34, pg 113, 2006) SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Correction C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Vaccine Safety, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Civil Hosp Karachi, Dept Pediat, Karachi, Pakistan. Grarbet Ledekuman Rehabil Ctr, Butajira, Ethiopia. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi, Pakistan. Natl Inst Virol, WHO Reg Reference Lab Polio Eradicat, Johannesburg, South Africa. Natl Inst Hlth, WHO Reg Reference Lab Polio Eradicat, Islamabad, Pakistan. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pathol, Karachi, Pakistan. Inst Nutr Cent Amer & Panama, WHO Natl Reference Lab Polio Eradict, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO Global Reference Lab Polio Eradicat, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Halsey, NA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Vaccine Safety, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Room W5041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM nhalsey@jhsph.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD MAR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 73 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2007.01.001 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 146TC UT WOS:000244956600011 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Reidy, JA Kato, K Preau, JL Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Silva, M. J. Reidy, J. A. Kato, K. Preau, J. L., Jr. Needham, L. L. Calafat, A. M. TI Assessment of human exposure to di-isodecyl phthalate using oxidative metabolites as biomarkers SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE DiDP; MiDP; di-isodecyl phthalate; monoisodecyl phthalate; oxidative metabolite; oxidative metabolism; biomonitoring ID DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; HUMAN URINE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; ISONONYL PHTHALATE; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; RATS; CHILDREN; SERUM AB Di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), primarily used as a plasticiser, is a mixture of isomers with predominantly ten-carbon branched side chains. Assessment of DiDP exposure has not been conducted before because adequate biomarkers were lacking. In 129 adult volunteers with no known exposure to DiDP, the urinary concentrations of three oxidative metabolites of DiDP: monocarboxyisononyl phthalate (MCiNP), monooxoisodecyl phthalate (MOMP) and monohydroxyisoclecyl phthalate (MHiDP), previously identified in DiDP-dosed rats, were estimated by solid-phase extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) using the respective oxidative metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate since authentic standards of the DiDP oxidative metabolites were unavailable. Interestingly, the hydrolytic monoester of DiDP, monoisoclecyl phthalate (MiDP), was not detected in any of the samples, while MCiNP, MHiDP and MOMP were detected in 98%, 96% and 85%, respectively, of the samples tested. MCiNP was excreted predominantly in its free form, whereas MOMP was excreted as its glucuronide. MCiNP, MHiDP and MOMP eluted as clusters of multiple peaks from the HPLC column probably due to the presence of numerous structurally similar isomers present in commercial DiDP formulations. The urinary concentrations of these oxidative metabolites correlated significantly (p < 0.0001) with each other, thus confirming a common precursor. The urinary concentrations of these DiDP oxidative metabolites also correlated significantly (p < 0.0001) with oxidative metabolites of di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) suggesting the potential presence of DiNP isomers in commercial DiDP or simultaneous use of DiDP and DiNP in consumer products. The concentrations presented are semiquantitative estimates and should be interpreted cautiously. Nevertheless, the higher frequency of detection and higher urinary concentrations of MCiNP, MHiDP and MOMP than of MOP suggest that these oxidative metabolites are better biomarkers for DiDP exposure assessment than MiDP These data also suggest that unless oxidative metabolites are measured, the prevalence of exposure to DiDP will probably be underestimated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zca2@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 12 IS 2 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1080/13547500601066915 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 138GG UT WOS:000244350500003 PM 17536764 ER PT J AU Lee, E Khan, JA Feigley, CE Ahmed, MR Hussey, JR AF Lee, Eungyoung Khan, Jamil A. Feigley, Charles E. Ahmed, Mallik R. Hussey, James R. TI An investigation of air inlet types in mixing ventilation SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wall jet air inlet; ceiling diffuser air inlet; mixing ventilation; contaminant concentration; efficient room configuration; real-time monitoring data ID PERSONAL EXPOSURE; ROOM AIR; FLOW; CONTAMINANTS; DISPERSION AB Previous studies have shown that dispersion of contaminant concentrations strongly depends on air inlet types. However, these studies were performed computationally, not experimentally. Thus, the purpose of the current research is to obtain contaminant concentrations in a room, to perform qualitative and quantitative comparison for a wall jet (WJ) air inlet and a ceiling diffuser (CD) air inlet, and to determine more efficient inlet and outlet configuration. Here, the effect of air inlet types in mixing ventilation was investigated in an experimental room under two conditions, with no occupant and with an occupant present north of the source. A heated mannequin, producing a total heat load of 120 W, represented an occupant. Tracer gas (99.5% propylene) concentrations were monitored automatically at 144 sampling points with a photoionization detector. Three flow rates (5.5, 3.3, and 0.9 m(3)/min) were employed. Experimental results for the 0.9 m(3)/min are not reported here because concentration measurements with time in preliminary tests did not reach a stationary condition even over periods of 5h due to dominant airflow by natural convection rather than by forced convection. Results have shown that the air inlet type is an important physical determinant to the distribution of airborne contaminant concentrations because they generate different airflow patterns and thus different spatial concentration patterns. This investigation enhanced understanding of the interactions of concentration field, airflow, and air inlet types. The findings of the study can be applied to practical areas; for example, it was shown that CD air supply system minimizes occupant exposure from hazards in office buildings, hospitals, and schools, if sources are located under ceiling diffuser inlets. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, HESC, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Charbroil, Columbus, GA 31904 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Lee, E (reprint author), NIOSH, Exposure Assessment Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, M-S 3030,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM dtq5@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 1089 EP 1098 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.11.006 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 120XV UT WOS:000243121000005 ER PT J AU Ungchusak, K Chunsuttiwat, S Braden, CR Aldis, W Ueno, K Olsen, SJ Wiboolpolprasert, S AF Ungchusak, K. Chunsuttiwat, S. Braden, C. R. Aldis, W. Ueno, K. Olsen, S. J. Wiboolpolprasert, S. TI The need for global planned mobilization of essential medicine: lessons from a massive Thai botulism outbreak SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodbourne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Bangkok, Thailand. Minist Hlth Labor & Welf, Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. Thai US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth, Off Permanent Secretary, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Ungchusak, K (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Bangkok, Thailand. EM kum@health.moph.go.th NR 6 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 238 EP 240 DI 10.2471/BLT.06.039545 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 145PD UT WOS:000244876100019 PM 17486219 ER PT J AU Folger, SG Marchbanks, PA McDonald, JA Bernstein, L Ursin, G Berlin, JA Daling, JR Norman, SA Strom, BL Weiss, LK Simon, MS Burkman, RT Malone, KE Spirtas, R AF Folger, Suzanne G. Marchbanks, Polly A. McDonald, Jill A. Bernstein, Leslie Ursin, Giske Berlin, Jesse A. Daling, Janet R. Norman, Sandra A. Strom, Brian L. Weiss, Linda K. Simon, Michael S. Burkman, Ronald T. Malone, Kathleen E. Spirtas, Robert TI Risk of breast cancer associated with short-term use of oral contraceptives SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE oral contraceptives; breast cancer; epidemiology; case control studies ID EPITHELIAL OVARIAN-CANCER; HEALTH-BENEFITS; ENDOMETRIOSIS; WOMEN AB To estimate breast cancer risk associated with short-term (< 6 months) oral contraceptive use, and explore variation in estimates by use characteristics and medical, menstrual, and reproductive history. We analyzed data from the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study. Case subjects were white women and black women, 35-64 years old, diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in July 1994-April 1998. Control subjects identified by random-digit dialing were matched to case subjects by age, race, and study site. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, short-term oral contraceptive use was not associated with breast cancer risk (OR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.8-1.1). However, significant interaction between short-term use and menopausal status led to an observed increased breast cancer risk in pre-menopausal women (OR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.0-1.7) and a reduced risk in post-menopausal women (OR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.6-1.0) associated with short-term use. The association was more pronounced in women with non-contraceptive reasons for use and underlying risk factors for breast cancer. These associations may result from underlying characteristics of users or unmeasured factors influencing duration of use and breast cancer risk. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Titusville, NJ USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NCI, Canc Ctr Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA 01199 USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Populat Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Folger, SG (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sxgl@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [N01 CN0532, N01 PC67006, N01 CN65064, N01 PC67010]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01 HD33174, N01 HD33168, N01 HD23166, N01 HD33176, N01 HD33175, Y01 HD7022] NR 26 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s10552-006-0086-7 PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 134EL UT WOS:000244065700008 PM 17216547 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Naiman, DQ Patterson, DG LaKind, JS AF Needham, Larry L. Naiman, Daniel Q. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. LaKind, Judy S. TI Assigning concentration values for dioxin and furan congeners in human serum when measurements are below limits of detection: An observational approach SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE toxic equivalent; congener ratio; detection limit; NHANES ID PCDD/F LEVELS; POPULATION; CHEMICALS; TRENDS AB Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in dietary sources for humans have been declining over the previous two decades. These declines have been accompanied by decreases in concentrations of these compounds in humans, as evidenced by measurements in blood and milk. Because of the decreasing concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs in the environment and in humans, measuring PCDD/PCDF congeners in humans has become increasingly difficult, despite advances in analytic methods. An observational approach was recently described to address the quandary of non-detectable results in determining toxic equivalents. This approach, called the congener ratio approach, is specifically for cases where concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (TCDD) are below the limit of detection (LOD), and where concentrations of 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD) are equal to or above the LOD. Development of this approach relied on evaluating data on measured concentrations of TCDD and PeCDD in human serum from the general population. The congener ratio approach for TCDD and PeCDD was based on the concentration of TCDD being approximately 40% that of PeCDD in serum from the general population. Additional analyses presented here reveal that when concentrations of both congeners are above the LOD, the data appear to generally support the congener ratio approach for TCDD and PeCDD, with the caveat that gender may affect the ratio. However, the TCDD/PeCDD relation is less clear when TCDD is less than the LOD; in this situation, the relation overpredicts levels of TCDD approximately 80% of the time for the 2001-2002 NHANES database. Using the congener ratio approach for other PCDD/PCDF congeners requires assessing the correlation and the frequency of detection for both TCDD and PeCDD. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP LaKind, JS (reprint author), LaKind Associates LLC, 106 Oakdale Ave, Catonsville, MD USA. EM lakindassoc@comcast.net RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 3 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.078 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 142BR UT WOS:000244624200004 PM 17109932 ER PT J AU Haynes, LM Miao, CR Harcourt, JL Montgomery, JM Le, MQ Dryga, SA Kamrud, KI Rivers, B Babcock, GJ Oliver, JB Comer, JA Reynolds, M Uyeki, TM Bausch, D Ksiazek, T Thomas, W Alterson, H Smith, J Ambrosino, DM Anderson, LJ AF Haynes, Lia M. Miao, Congrong Harcourt, Jennifer L. Montgomery, Joel M. Le, Mai Quynh Dryga, Sergey A. Kamrud, Kurt I. Rivers, Bryan Babcock, Gregory J. Oliver, Jennifer Betts Comer, James A. Reynolds, Mary Uyeki, Timothy M. Bausch, Daniel Ksiazek, Thomas Thomas, William Alterson, Harold Smith, Jonathan Ambrosino, Donna M. Anderson, Larry J. TI Recombinant protein-based assays for detection of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike and nucleocapsid proteins SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; SARS-COV SPIKE; PROFILE AB Recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) nucleocapsid and spike protein-based immunoglobulin G immunoassays were developed and evaluated. Our assays demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity to the SARS coronavirus in sera collected from patients as late as 2 years postonset of symptoms. These assays will be useful not only for routine SARS coronavirus diagnostics but also for epidemiological and antibody kinetic studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Rep & Gastroenteritis Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. AlphaVax Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Biol Labs, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Haynes, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Rep & Gastroenteritis Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM loh5@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 331 EP 333 DI 10.1128/CVI.00351-06 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 146HJ UT WOS:000244924800022 PM 17229882 ER PT J AU Scallan, E AF Scallan, Elaine TI Activities, achievements, and lessons learned during the first 10 years of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network: 1996-2005 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SPORADIC CAMPYLOBACTER INFECTION; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; SALMONELLA NEWPORT INFECTIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; 5 FOODNET SITES; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; LABORATORY PRACTICES AB Since the establishment of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) in 1996, it has been an essential resource for the surveillance and investigation of foodborne disease in the United States. FoodNet has had a major impact on food safety because it conducts population-based, active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed infections from 9 pathogens commonly transmitted through food. Each year, FoodNet publishes the National Report Card on Food Safety, which is used by regulatory agencies, industry and consumer groups, and public health personnel to prioritize and evaluate food safety interventions and monitor progress toward national health objectives. FoodNet also determines the human-health impact of foodborne illness by conducting related epidemiological studies that contribute to the estimates of the overall burden of foodborne illness, attribute the burden of foodborne illness to specific foods and settings, and address important foodborne disease-related issues, such as antimicrobial resistance and sequelae from foodborne infections. This article summarizes the activities, achievements, and lessons learned during the first 10 years of FoodNet. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead FoodNet Unit, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch,Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Scallan, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead FoodNet Unit, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch,Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSD63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM escallan@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 718 EP 725 DI 10.1086/511648 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 132FP UT WOS:000243928600017 PM 17278067 ER PT J AU Leder, K Weld, L Freedman, DO Black, J Torresi, J AF Leder, Karin Weld, Leisa Freedman, David O. Black, Jim Torresi, Joseph TI Illness in travelers visiting friends and relatives: What can be concluded? Reply to Behrens et al. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hosp, Victorian Infect Dis Serv, Ctr Clin Res Excellence, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Leder, K (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hosp, Victorian Infect Dis Serv, Ctr Clin Res Excellence, Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM karin.leder@med.monash.edu.au RI Black, James/E-1526-2013; OI Black, James/0000-0002-9287-8712; Leder, Karin/0000-0003-1368-1039 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 762 EP 763 DI 10.1086/511690 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 132FP UT WOS:000243928600025 ER PT J AU Mandell, LA Wunderink, RG Anzueto, A Bartlett, JG Campbell, GD Dean, NC Dowell, SF File, TM Musher, DM Niederman, MS Torres, A Whitney, CG AF Mandell, Lionel A. Wunderink, Richard G. Anzueto, Antonio Bartlett, John G. Campbell, G. Douglas Dean, Nathan C. Dowell, Scott F. File, Thomas M., Jr. Musher, Daniel M. Niederman, Michael S. Torres, Antonio Whitney, Cynthia G. TI Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LOW-RISK PATIENTS; VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; URINARY ANTIGEN TEST; NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITOR OSELTAMIVIR; DIAGNOSTIC FIBEROPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS INFECTIONS; TRANSTHORACIC NEEDLE ASPIRATION AB Improving the care of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been the focus of many different organizations, and several have developed guidelines for management of CAP. Two of the most widely referenced are those of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Thoracic Society (ATS). In response to confusion regarding differences between their respective guidelines, the IDSA and the ATS convened a joint committee to develop a unified CAP guideline document. The guidelines are intended primarily for use by emergency medicine physicians, hospitalists, and primary care practitioners; however, the extensive literature evaluation suggests that they are also an appropriate starting point for consultation by specialists. Substantial overlap exists among the patients whom these guidelines address and those discussed in the recently published guidelines for health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP). Pneumonia in nonambulatory residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities epidemiologically mirrors hospital-acquired pneumonia and should be treated according to the HCAP guidelines. However, certain other patients whose conditions are included in the designation of HCAP are better served by management in accordance with CAP guidelines with concern for specific pathogens. C1 McMaster Univ, Henderson Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada. McMaster Univ, Sch Med, Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Michael E DeBakey VA Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Med, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. LDS Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NW Ohio Univ, Coll Med, Rootstown, OH USA. Summa Hlth Syst, Akron, OH USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Univ Barcelona, Fac Med, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi & Sunyer, Hosp Clin Barcelona,Cap Serv Pneumol & Allergia R, Barcelona 7, Spain. RP Mandell, LA (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Henderson Hosp, Div Infect Dis, 5th Fl,Wing 40,Rm 503,711 Concess St, Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada. EM lmandell@mcmaster.ca OI Wunderink, Richard/0000-0002-8527-4195 NR 335 TC 2280 Z9 2548 U1 51 U2 218 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 44 SU 2 BP S27 EP S72 DI 10.1086/511159 PG 46 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 132FT UT WOS:000243929000001 PM 17278083 ER PT J AU Lee, H Romkes, M Branch, R Backer, L Lan, Q Blount, B Nuckols, J Lyu, C Kieszak, S Brinkman, M Gordon, S Cantor, K AF Lee, H. Romkes, M. Branch, R. Backer, L. Lan, Q. Blount, B. Nuckols, J. Lyu, C. Kieszak, S. Brinkman, M. Gordon, S. Cantor, K. TI Glutathione-S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) and CYP2D6 null genotypes have a lower clearance for chloroform absorbed during a shower. SO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of American-Society-for-Clinical-Pharmacology-and-Therapeutics CY MAR 21-24, 2007 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Soc Clin Pharmacol & Therapeut C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Drug Dev Sci, Ctr Clin Pharmacol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCI,Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci,Div Canc Epid, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Colorado State Univ, Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0009-9236 J9 CLIN PHARMACOL THER JI Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 81 SU 1 BP S115 EP S116 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 144FW UT WOS:000244782900341 ER PT J AU Malhotra, A Elbein, SC Ng, MCY Duggirala, R Arya, R Imperatore, G Adeyemo, A Pollin, TI Hsueh, WC Chan, JCN Rotimi, C Hanson, RL Hasstedt, SJ Wolford, JK AF Malhotra, Alka Elbein, Steven C. Ng, Maggie C. Y. Duggirala, Ravindranath Arya, Rector Imperatore, Giuseppina Adeyemo, Adebowale Pollin, Toni I. Hsueh, Wen-Chi Chan, Juliana C. N. Rotimi, Charles Hanson, Robert L. Hasstedt, Sandra J. Wolford, Johanna K. CA Amer Diabetes Ass GENNID Study Grp TI Meta-analysis of genome-wide linkage studies of quantitative lipid traits in families ascertained for type 2 diabetes SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL; SCAN; TRIGLYCERIDE; POPULATION AB Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, which is the predominant cause of mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. To date, nine linkage studies for quantitative lipid traits have been performed in families ascertained for type 2 diabetes, individually yielding linkage results that were largely nonoverlapping. Discrepancies in linkage findings are not uncommon and are typically due to limited sample size and heterogeneity. To address these issues and increase the power to detect linkage, we performed a meta-analysis of all published genome scans for quantitative lipid traits conducted in families ascertained for type 2 diabetes. Statistically significant evidence (i.e., P < 0.00043) for linkage was observed for total cholesterol on 7q32.3-q36.3 (152.43-182 cM; P = 0.00004), 19p13.3-p12 (6.57-38.05 cM; P = 0.00026), 19p12-q13.13 (38.05-69.53 cM; P = 0.00001), and 19q13.13-q13.43 (69.53-101.1 cM; P = 0.00033), as well as LDL on 19p13.3-p12 (P = 0.00041). Suggestive evidence (i.e., P < 0.00860) for linkage was also observed for LDL on 19p12q13.13, triglycerides on 7p11-q21.11 (63.72-93.29 cM), trlglyceride/HDL on 7p11-q21.11 and 19p12-q13.13, and LDL/HDL on 16q11.2-q24.3 (65.2-130.4 cM) and 19p12-q13.13. Linkage for lipid traits has been previously observed on both chromosomes 7 and 19 in several unrelated studies and, together with the results of this meta-analysis, provide compelling evidence that these regions harbor important determinants of lipid levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. C1 Translat Genom Res Inst, Genet Basis Human Dis, Diabet & Obes Res Unit, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. Univ Arkansas, Endocrinol Sect, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Med & Therapeut, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Biabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Howard Univ, Natl Human Genome Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Maryland, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NIDDKD, Diabetes & Arthritis Epidemiol Sect, Phoenix, AZ 85016 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Malhotra, A (reprint author), Translat Genom Res Inst, Genet Basis Human Dis, Diabet & Obes Res Unit, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. EM amalhotra@tgen.org RI Hanson, Robert/O-3238-2015; Chan, Juliana /B-7918-2016; OI Hanson, Robert/0000-0002-4252-7068; Chan, Juliana /0000-0003-1325-1194; Adeyemo, Adebowale/0000-0002-3105-3231; Kahn, Steven/0000-0001-7307-9002 FU FIC NIH HHS [3T37 TW 00041-03S2]; Intramural NIH HHS; NHGRI NIH HHS [N01 HG 65403]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 42273, DK 39311, DK 47482, DK 53889, DK 54001] NR 23 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD MAR PY 2007 VL 56 IS 3 BP 890 EP 896 DI 10.2337/db06-1057 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 144WQ UT WOS:000244827500041 PM 17327462 ER PT J AU Zhang, XP Norris, SL Gregg, EW Beckles, G AF Zhang, Xuanping Norris, Susan L. Gregg, Edward W. Beckles, Gloria TI Social support and mortality among older persons with diabetes SO DIABETES EDUCATOR LA English DT Article ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; HEALTH; SURVIVAL; POPULATION; NETWORKS; OUTCOMES; CARE; MEN AB PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social support and mortality among older persons with diabetes and the pathways by which social support affects diabetes survival. METHODS Using data from the Longitudinal Study of Aging cohort 2 baseline (1994) and follow-up (1997-1998 and 1999-2000 Surveys) the authors identified 1431 persons aged >= 70 years, with diabetes, among whom 387 deaths occurred. Social support was measured by an index with regard to participants' connection with relatives, friends, neighbors, social events, church, and senior centers. Regression analysis was and survival analysis was used to used to find the pathway, find the relationship between social support and mortality. RESULTS Compared to people with a low level of social support, the risk of death is 41% lower among people with medium levels of support (hazards ratio = 0.59, 0.39-0.91) and 55% lower among those with the highest levels of support (hazards ratio = 0.45, 0.21-0.98). Eight of the 11 regression models demonstrated that the effect of social support on mortality was mediated by both physical and mental health status. CONCLUSIONS Social support is strongly associated with mortality. Based on findings from this study, social support should be considered an important target for intervention to reduce mortality risk among older adults with diabetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Med Informat & Clin Epidemiol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Zhang, XP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM xbz2@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0145-7217 J9 DIABETES EDUCATOR JI Diabetes Educ. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1177/0145721707299265 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 157DV UT WOS:000245699700004 PM 17426302 ER EF