FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Rodriguez, D Park, BJ Almirante, B Cuenca-Estrella, M Planes, AM Mensa, J Gimenez, M Saballs, P Fridkin, SK Rodriguez-Tudela, JL Pahissa, A AF Rodriguez, D. Park, B. J. Almirante, B. Cuenca-Estrella, M. Planes, A. M. Mensa, J. Gimenez, M. Saballs, P. Fridkin, S. K. Rodriguez-Tudela, J. L. Pahissa, A. CA Barcelona Candidemia Project Study TI Impact of early central venous catheter removal on outcome in patients with candidaemia SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY DEC 16-19, 2005 CL Washington, DC DE candidaemia; central venous catheter; early removal; mortality; outcome; risk-factors ID RISK-FACTORS; NOSOCOMIAL CANDIDEMIA; CANCER-PATIENTS; INFECTION; FUNGEMIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; PREDICTORS; CHILDREN; DEATH AB Removal of central venous catheters (CVCs) from candidaemic patients is considered the reference standard of care, although this practice is not always possible. The impact of prompt catheter removal on outcome was investigated by analysing data from an active population-based surveillance study in Barcelona, Spain. Patients with candidaemia and a CVC were identified between January 2002 and December 2003. Cases with CVC removal within 2 days were classified as having early CVC removal. Outcome, defined as in-hospital mortality 2-30 days after diagnosis of candidaemia, was determined among hospitalised adults using univariate, Kaplan-Meier and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Outpatients, paediatric patients and those who died or were discharged within 2 days were excluded. The study identified 265 patients with candidaemia and a CVC. Median time from diagnosis of candidaemia to catheter removal was 1 day (range 0-29 days). Overall, 172 patients met the criteria for inclusion in the outcome study. Patients with early CVC removal differed significantly from those with delayed CVC removal. According to univariate, Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analysis, the marker most predictive of in-hospital mortality among candidaemic patients with CVCs was severity of illness. These data suggest that timing of CVC removal may best be determined after carefully considering the risks and benefits to individual patients. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Infect Dis Div, Hosp Univ Vall Hebron, Dept Med, Barcelona 08035, Spain. Natl Ctr Zoonot, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Salud Carlos III, Dept Mycol, Madrid, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Microbiol, Hosp Univ Vall Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain. Hosp Clin IDIBAPS, Div Infect Dis, Barcelona, Spain. Hosp Germans Trias & Pujol, Dept Microbiol, Barcelona, Spain. Hosp del Mar, Div Infect Dis, Barcelona, Spain. RP Rodriguez, D (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Infect Dis Div, Hosp Univ Vall Hebron, Dept Med, Pg Vall Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain. EM dolorodriguez@vhebron.net RI Ferrandos, Montserrat/H-7889-2012; Rodriguez-Pardo, Dolors/F-7978-2012; OI Rodriguez-Pardo, Dolors/0000-0001-6781-5405; Almirante, Benito/0000-0002-1189-2361 NR 22 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 8 BP 788 EP 793 DI 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01758.x PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 184TK UT WOS:000247664900007 PM 17610598 ER PT J AU Wolter, DJ Tenover, FC Goering, RV AF Wolter, D. J. Tenover, F. C. Goering, R. V. TI Allelic variation in genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin from community-associated Staphylococcus aureus SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE allelic variation; community-associated; lineages; MRSA; Panton-Valentine leukocidin; Staphylococcus aureus ID METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; UNITED-STATES; PHI-PVL; SEQUENCE; GENOME; CLONE; PNEUMONIA; STRAIN AB Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates characteristically contain the genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), which is a proposed virulence factor. To determine whether different alleles of the PVL genes lukS-PV and lukF-PV occur, and whether they are associated with specific genetic lineages of S. aureus, sequences from 28 S. aureus isolates, representing four different multilocus sequence types, and bacteriophages SLT and PVL were compared. Seven nucleotide polymorphisms were identified, which defined three groups of the lukS-PV and lukF-PV sequence. Only one polymorphism resulted in an amino-acid change. Bacteriophage SLT and isolates of bacteriophage type 80/81 contained the prototypic (founder) lukS-PV and lukF-PV sequence. The alleles were not lineage-specific. C1 Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goering, RV (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. EM rgoeri@creighton.edu OI Goering, Richard/0000-0001-7502-7185 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 8 BP 827 EP 830 DI 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01763.x PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 184TK UT WOS:000247664900014 PM 17610602 ER PT J AU Reed, CM AF Reed, Christie M. TI Travel Recommendations for Older Adults SO CLINICS IN GERIATRIC MEDICINE LA English DT Review AB Older age is an important factor in preparing travelers owing not only to physiologic changes and the increased probability of underlying medical conditions and prescription medications but also to immune status with regard to naturally acquired immunity versus immunization for vaccine-preventable diseases. Cardiovascular events (including myocardial infarctions and cerebrovascular accidents) account for most deaths abroad, followed by injuries. To plan for healthy travel, international travelers should be advised to seek care at least 4 to 6 weeks before departure. Travel medicine is a dynamic held because conditions worldwide are subject to rapid change. Clinicians must maintain a current base of knowledge if they will be regularly advising travelers or must set a threshold for referral to a travel medicine specialist. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Travelers Hlth Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reed, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Travelers Hlth Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM creed@cdc.gov NR 128 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0690 J9 CLIN GERIATR MED JI Clin. Geriatr. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 687 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cger.2007.05.001 PG 28 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA V95WW UT WOS:000206481400015 PM 17631241 ER PT J AU Druilhe, P Barnwell, JW AF Druilhe, Pierre Barnwell, John W. TI Pre-erythrocytic stage malaria vaccines: time for a change in path SO CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; X-IRRADIATED SPOROZOITES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; VIRUS ANKARA; EFFICACY; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOGENICITY; ANTIGEN AB Vaccines against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria hold the greatest promise as an effective intervention tool against malaria, as shown by immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites over four decades ago. To date, however, the development of subunit vaccines, while generating high expectations and investment, has not lived up at all to the promise. This path has been characterized by insufficient research into both identification of key defense mechanisms in humans and the discovery of better antigens, focusing rather on a technological race of how to present mainly a single antigen. The lack of success has also led, perhaps from desperation, to a revival of the live attenuated sporozoite approach, handicapped, however, by major bottlenecks in production, safety, and regulatory issues. It should now be clear that the field can no longer continue to succeed in mice and fall in the clinic. We advocate here in favor of a third option, relying on an understanding of the basis of attenuated sporozoite immunity in humans, to provide leads to the discovery of critical immunogens and the use of models with validated relevance to the human situation in order to rationalize and renew the promise of pre-erythrocytic subunit vaccines. C1 Inst Pasteur, Dept Parasitol & Mycol, Biomed Parasitol Unit, Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Lab Res & Dev Unit, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Druilhe, P (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Dept Parasitol & Mycol, Biomed Parasitol Unit, Paris, France. EM druilhe@pasteur.fr NR 69 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5274 J9 CURR OPIN MICROBIOL JI Curr. Opin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP 371 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.mib.2007.07.009 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 219SE UT WOS:000250104100012 PM 17709281 ER PT J AU Chu, SY Callaghan, WM Kim, SY Schmid, CH Lau, J England, LJ Dietz, PM AF Chu, Susan Y. Callaghan, William M. Kim, Shin Y. Schmid, Christopher H. Lau, Joseph England, Lucinda J. Dietz, Patricia M. TI Maternal obesity and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; OBSTETRIC POPULATION; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MOTHERS; COMPLICATIONS AB OBJECTIVE - Numerous studies in the U.S. and elsewhere have reported an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among women who are overweight or obese compared with lean or normal-weight women. Despite the number and overall consistency of studies reporting a higher risk of GDM with increasing weight or BMI, the magnitude of the association remains uncertain. This meta-analysis was conducted to better estimate this risk and to explore differences across studies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We identified studies from three sources: 1) a PubMed search of relevant articles published between January 1980 and January 2006, 2) reference lists of publications selected from the PubMed search, and 3) reference lists of review articles on obesity and maternal outcomes published between January 2000 and January 2006. We used a Bayesian model to perform the meta-analysis and meta-regression. We included cohort-designed studies that reported obesity measures reflecting pregnancy body mass, that had a normal-weight comparison group, and that presented data allowing a quantitative measurement of risk. RESULTS - Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis. The unadjusted ORs of 04) 16 07. developing GDM were 2.14 (95% CI 1.82-2.53), 3.56 (3.05-4.21), and 8.56 (5.07-16.04) h, pregnant women among overweight, obese, and severely obese compared with normal weight analysis found no evidence that these estimates were affected by selected study characteristics (publication date, study location, parity, type of data collection [retrospective vs. prospective], and prevalence of GDM among normal-weight women). CONCLUSIONS - Our findings indicate that high maternal weight is associated with a substantially higher risk of GDM. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA. RP Chu, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop K-23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM syc1@cdc.gov OI Schmid, Christopher/0000-0002-0855-5313 NR 59 TC 292 Z9 308 U1 12 U2 41 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2070 EP 2076 DI 10.2337/dc06-2559a PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 197QH UT WOS:000248570200025 PM 17416786 ER PT J AU Ye, XY Bishop, AM Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Ye, Xiaoyun Bishop, Amber M. Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Identification of metabolites of 4-nonylphenol isomer 4-(3',6'-dimethyl-3'-heptyl) phenol by rat and human liver microsomes SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ALKYLPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; P-NONYLPHENOL; BISPHENOL-A; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; WATER; FISH; QUANTIFICATION AB Nonylphenol (NP) has been widely used for more than 50 years in the synthesis of NP ethoxylates, which are important nonionic surfactants. NP is considered an endocrine disruptor based on in vitro and in vivo animal studies. However, the toxic effects of NP in humans are unknown. Information regarding the metabolic fate of 4-t-nonylphenol (4-tNP), a mixture of commercial NP branched isomers, in mammalian species is limited. This information is critical for the identification of adequate biomarkers of exposure to NP that could be used for exposure and risk assessment. We identified metabolites of one 4-tNP isomer, namely, 4-(3('), 6(')-dimethyl-3 '-heptyl) phenol (P363-NP), using rat and human liver microsomes. The P363-NP metabolites were extracted by on-line solid-phase extraction and then separated and detected using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Using the genuine standard, we unambiguously identified 4-(3('), 6(')-dimethyl-3(')-heptyl) catechol (P363-NC) as the main P363-NP metabolite when using human liver microsomes. Based on their chromatographic behavior and mass spectral fragmentation patterns, several other metabolites were tentatively identified, including a hydroxylated P363-NP with the alcohol functional group on the branched alkyl chain and its oxidative metabolite, a catechol with a hydroxylated alkyl side chain. Furthermore, the metabolite profile of P363-NP using rat and human enzymes was compared. Our findings suggest that P363-NC could be used as a biomarker to assess exposure to 4-tNP, although additional research to evaluate its suitability as a biomarker is warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop MS F53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1269 EP 1274 DI 10.1124/dmd.107.015578 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 192KI UT WOS:000248200000005 PM 17460028 ER PT J AU Jex, AR Ryan, UM Ng, J Campbell, BE Xiao, L Stevens, M Gasser, RB AF Jex, Aaron R. Ryan, Una M. Ng, Josephine Campbell, Bronwyn E. Xiao, Lihua Stevens, Melita Gasser, Robin B. TI Specific and genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium from a broad range of host species by nonisotopic, SSCP analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium differentiation; SSCP analysis; small ribosomal subunit; (SSU) DNA; specific identification ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; WALL PROTEIN GENE; DRINKING-WATER; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS; UNITED-KINGDOM; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PARVUM; SEQUENCE; HUMANS AB The accurate identification of Cryptosporidium (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) species and genotypes is central to the understanding of the transmission and to the diagnosis and control of cryptosporidiosis. in this study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of nonisotopic SSCP analysis of a similar to 300 bp region of the small subunit (pSSU) of ribosomal DNA for the specific identification of and delineation among 18 different Cryptosporidium species and genotypes from a wide range of hosts. This mutation scanning approach allowed the rapid and reliable differentiation between species/genotypes differing by as little as 1.3% in the pSSU sequence, with the capacity to detect point mutations. The present findings confirm the usefulness of this tool for the rapid genetic screening of Cryptosporidium samples from any host species, providing a foundation for detailed systematic, epidemiological and ecological studies. Although applied herein to pSSU, this low cost approach should be applicable to a wide range of genetic loci for population genetic investigations of Cryptosporidium. C1 Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Melbourne Water Corp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Jex, AR (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. EM ajex@unimelb.edu.au RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 54 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD AUG PY 2007 VL 28 IS 16 BP 2818 EP 2825 DI 10.1002/elps.200600772 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 207YH UT WOS:000249286500005 PM 17702061 ER PT J AU Croft, DR Sotir, MJ Williams, CJ Kazmierczak, JJ Wegner, MV Rausch, D Graham, MB Foldy, SL Wolters, M Damon, IK Karem, KL Davis, JP AF Croft, Donita R. Sotir, Mark J. Williams, Carl J. Kazmierczak, James J. Wegner, Mark V. Rausch, Darren Graham, Mary Beth Foldy, Seth L. Wolters, Mat Damon, Inger K. Karem, Kevin L. Davis, Jeffrey P. TI Occupational risks during a monkeypox outbreak, Wisconsin, 2003 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PRAIRIE DOGS; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNITY AB We determined factors associated with occupational transmission in Wisconsin during the 2003 outbreak of prairie dog-associated monkeypox virus infections. Our investigation included active contact surveillance, exposure-related interviews, and a veterinary facility cohort study. We identified 19 confirmed, 5 probable, and 3 suspected cases. Rash, headache, sweats, and fever were reported by > 80% of patients. Occupationally transmitted infections occurred in 12 veterinary staff, 2 pet store employees, and 2 animal distributors. The following were associated with illness: working directly with animal care (p = 0.002), being involved in prairie dog examination, caring for an animal within 6 feet of an ill prairie dog (p = 0.03), feeding an ill prairie dog (p = 0.002), and using an antihistamine (p = 0.04). Having never handled an ill prairie dog (p = 0.004) was protective. Veterinary staff used personal protective equipment sporadically. Our findings underscore the importance of standard veterinary infection-control guidelines. C1 Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Waukesha Cty Hlth Dept, Waukesha, WI USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. City Milwaukee Hlth Dept, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Croft, DR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Sect Allergy Pulm & Crit Care Med, 600 Highland Ave,MS 9988, Madison, WI 53792 USA. EM dc2@medicinewisc.edu NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1150 EP 1157 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 197CK UT WOS:000248530900003 PM 17953084 ER PT J AU Soares, CC Santos, N Beard, RS Albuquerque, MCM Maranhao, AG Rocha, LN Ramirez, ML Monroe, SS Glass, RI Gentsch, J AF Soares, Caroline C. Santos, Norma Beard, Rachel Suzanne Albuquerque, Maria Carolina M. Maranhao, Adriana G. Rocha, Ludmila N. Ramirez, Maria Liz Monroe, Stephan S. Glass, Roger I. Gentsch, Jon TI Norovirus detection and genotyping for children with gastroenteritis, Brazil SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; GENOGROUP-II; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; OUTBREAKS; QUANTITATION; JAPAN; ASSAY AB During 1998-2005, we analyzed stool samples from 289 children in Rio de Janeiro to detect and genotype norovirus strains. Previous tests showed all samples to be negative for rotavirus and adenovirus. Of 42 (14.5%) norovirus-positive specimens, 20 (47.6%) were identified as genogroup GI and 22 (52.3%) as GII. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Soares, CC (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Av Brasil 4365,manguinhos-Pavilhao Rocha Lima,5th, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM csoares@ioc.fiocruz.br RI Santos, Norma/H-6986-2015; OI Santos, Norma/0000-0002-5123-9172; Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1244 EP 1246 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 197CK UT WOS:000248530900022 PM 17953103 ER PT J AU Cooksey, RC de Waard, JH Yakrus, MA Toney, SR Da Mata, O Nowicki, S Sohner, K Koch, E Petti, CA Morey, RE Srinivasan, A AF Cooksey, Robert C. de Waard, Jacobus H. Yakrus, Mitchell A. Toney, Sean R. Da Mata, Omaira Nowicki, Scott Sohner, Kevin Koch, Elizabeth Petti, Cathy A. Morey, Roger E. Srinivasan, Arjun TI Mycobacterium cosmeticum, Ohio and Venezuela SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Biomed, Caracas, Venezuela. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. ARUP Labs, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Cooksey, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop F08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rcooksey@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1267 EP 1269 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 197CK UT WOS:000248530900033 PM 17953114 ER PT J AU Lehman, JA Hinckley, AF Kniss, KL Nasci, RS Smith, TL Campbell, GL Hayes, EB AF Lehman, Jennifer A. Hinckley, Alison F. Kniss, Krista L. Nasci, Roger S. Smith, Theresa L. Campbell, Grant L. Hayes, Edward B. TI Effect of Hurricane Katrina on arboviral disease transmission SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID NATURAL DISASTERS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Lehman, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1350 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM zjg3@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1273 EP 1275 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 197CK UT WOS:000248530900038 PM 17953117 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI To market to market ... and risk for global disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1279 EP 1280 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 197CK UT WOS:000248530900040 ER PT J AU John, K Keshava, C Richardson, DL Weston, A Nath, J AF John, K. Keshava, C. Richardson, D. L. Weston, A. Nath, J. TI Gene expression profiles in normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs) exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BP) in the presence or absence of chlorophyllin. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 597 EP 597 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500175 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM Gudi, R Szkudlinska, A Rao, M Recio, L Kehl, V Kirby, PE Polzin, G Richter, PA AF DeMarini, D. M. Gudi, R. Szkudlinska, A. Rao, M. Recio, L. Kehl, V Kirby, P. E. Polzin, G. Richter, P. A. TI Genotoxicity of ten cigarette smoke condensates in four test systems: Comparisons among assays and condensates. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. BioReliance, Rockville, MD USA. ILS, Durham, NC USA. SITEK, Rockville, MD USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 601 EP 601 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500184 ER PT J AU Arcury, TA Grzywacz, JG Barr, DB Tapia, J Chen, HY Quandt, SA AF Arcury, Thomas A. Grzywacz, Joseph G. Barr, Dana B. Tapia, Janeth Chen, Haiying Quandt, Sara A. TI Pesticide urinary metabolite levels of children in eastern North Carolina farmworker households SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE agriculture; biomonitoring; child health; farmworker; health disparities; Latino/Hispanic; occupational health; pesticide exposure; pesticide metabolites ID CENTRAL WASHINGTON-STATE; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES; US POPULATION; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; VIRGINIA AB BACKGROUND: In this investigation we documented the pesticide urinary metabolite levels of farmworker children in North Carolina, determined the number of different metabolites detected for each child, and delineated risk factors associated with the number of metabolites. METHODS: Urine samples were collected from 60 Latino farmworker children 1-6 years of age (34 female, 26 male). Interviews were completed by their mothers in Spanish. We analyzed urine samples for 14 pesticide metabolites, including the organophosphate pesticides chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, diazinon, isazaphos, malathion, pirimiphos, and parathion and its methyl counterpart; a common metabolite of at least 18 pyrethroid insecticides; the repellent DEET; and the herbicides 2,4,5-trichlorphenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, acetochlor, atrazine, and metolachlor. Predictors included measures of paraoccupational, residential, and environmental exposure, child characteristics, and mother characteristics. RESULTS: Thirteen metabolites were present in the urine samples. Organophosphate pesticide metabolites were detected in a substantial proportion of children, particularly metabolites of parathion/methyl parathion (90.0%; geometric mean 1.00 mu g/L), chlorpyrifos/chlorpyrifos methyl (83.3%; geometric mean 1.92 mu g/L), and diazinon (55.0%; geometric mean 10.56 mu g/L). The number of metabolites detected ranged from 0 to 7, with a mode of 4 detected (28.3%). Boys, children living in rented housing, and children with mothers working part-time had more metabolites detected. CONCLUSIONS: Children in farmworker homes experience multiple sources of pesticide exposure. Pesticides may remain in their environments for long-periods. Environmental and occupational health changes are needed to address these exposures. Research is needed with more precise measures of exposure and on the health effects of concurrent exposure to multiple pesticides. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. N Carolina Farmworkers Project, Benson, NC USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biosta Sci, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Arcury, TA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM tarcury@wfubmc.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R25 OH007611, R25 OH07611] NR 40 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 21 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 115 IS 8 BP 1254 EP 1260 DI 10.1289/ehp.9975 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 197CO UT WOS:000248531400043 PM 17687456 ER PT J AU Ammon, A Tauxe, RV AF Ammon, A. Tauxe, R. V. TI Investigation of multi-national foodborne outbreaks in Europe: some challenges remain SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISEASE OUTBREAKS; SURVEILLANCE C1 European Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, S-17183 Stockholm, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ammon, A (reprint author), European Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Tomtebodavagen 11A, S-17183 Stockholm, Sweden. EM andrea.ammon@ecdc.europa.eu NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 135 IS 6 BP 887 EP 889 DI 10.1017/S0950268807008898 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205YG UT WOS:000249150500002 PM 17678572 ER PT J AU Grijalva, CG Weinberg, GA Bennett, NM Staat, MA Craig, AS Dupont, WD Iwane, MK Postema, AS Schaffner, W Edwards, KM Griffin, MR AF Grijalva, C. G. Weinberg, G. A. Bennett, N. M. Staat, M. A. Craig, A. S. Dupont, W. D. Iwane, M. K. Postema, A. S. Schaffner, W. Edwards, K. M. Griffin, M. R. TI Estimating the undetected burden of influenza hospitalizations in children SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS; RECORD SYSTEMS ESTIMATION; VIRAL CULTURE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS AB During the 2004-2005 influenza season two independent influenza surveillance systems operated simultaneously in three United States counties. The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) prospectively enrolled children hospitalized for respiratory symptoms/fever and tested them using culture and RT-PCR. The Emerging Infections Program (EIP) and a similar clinical-laboratory surveillance system identified hospitalized children who had positive influenza tests obtained as part of their usual medical care. Using data from these systems, we applied capture-recapture analyses to estimate the burden of influenza related-hospitalizations in children aged < 5 years. During the 2004-2005 influenza season the influenza-related hospitalization rate estimated by capture-recapture analysis was 8.6/10000 children aged < 5 years. When compared to this estimate, the sensitivity of the prospective surveillance system was 69% and the sensitivity of the clinical-laboratory based system was 39%. In the face of limited resources and an increasing need for influenza surveillance, capture-recapture analysis provides better estimates than either system alone. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Nashville, TN USA. Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Ctr Community Hlth, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. Dept Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Griffin, MR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, A-1110 Med Ctr N, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM marie.griffin@vanderbilt.edu RI Dupont, William/I-4430-2012 FU PHS HHS [U38/CCU417958, U50/CCU416123] NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 135 IS 6 BP 951 EP 958 DI 10.1017/S095026880600762X PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205YG UT WOS:000249150500010 PM 17156502 ER PT J AU Voetsch, AC Kennedy, MH Keene, WE Smith, KE Rabatsky-Ehr, T Zansky, S Thomas, SM Mohle-Boetani, J Sparling, PH McGavern, MB Mead, PS AF Voetsch, A. C. Kennedy, M. H. Keene, W. E. Smith, K. E. Rabatsky-Ehr, T. Zansky, S. Thomas, S. M. Mohle-Boetani, J. Sparling, P. H. McGavern, M. B. Mead, P. S. TI Risk factors for sporadic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 infections in FoodNet sites, 1999-2000 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; WATERBORNE OUTBREAK; BLOODY DIARRHEA; GROUND-BEEF; WASHINGTON; TRANSMISSION; HAMBURGERS; DISEASE AB To monitor risk factors for illness, we conducted a case-control study of sporadic Shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) infections in 1999-2000. Laboratory-confirmed cases of STEC O157 infection were identified through active laboratory surveillance in all or part of seven states. Patients and age-matched controls were interviewed by telephone using a standard questionnaire. Information was collected on demographics, clinical illness, and exposures to food, water, and animals in the 7 days before the patient's illness onset. During the 12-month study, 283 patients and 534 controls were enrolled. STEC O157 infection was associated with eating pink hamburgers, drinking untreated surface water, and contact with cattle. Eating produce was inversely associated with infection. Direct or indirect contact with cattle waste continues to be a leading identified source of sporadic STEC O157 infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. California Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Athens, Greece. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Voetsch, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E46,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM avoetsch@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 135 IS 6 BP 993 EP 1000 DI 10.1017/S0950268806007564 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205YG UT WOS:000249150500016 PM 17147834 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA Tay, ST Lasker, BA Hurst, SF Rooney, AP AF Balajee, S. Arunmozhi Tay, Sun T. Lasker, Brent A. Hurst, Steve F. Rooney, Alejandro P. TI Characterization of a novel gene for strain typing reveals substructuring of Aspergillus fumigatus across north America SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PROTEIN-2 MSP-2; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS AB Fifty-five epidemiologically linked Aspergillus fumigatus isolates obtained from six nosocomial outbreaks of invasive aspergillosis were subtyped by sequencing the polymorphic region of the gene encoding a putative cell surface protein, Afu3g08990 (denoted as CSP). Comparative sequence analysis showed that genetic diversity was generated in the coding region of this gene by both tandem repeats and point mutations. Each unique sequence in an outbreak cluster was assigned an arbitrary number or CSP sequence type. The CSP typing method was able to identify "clonal" and genotypically distinct A. fumigatus isolates, and the results of this method were concordant with those of another discriminatory genotyping technique, the Afut1 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing method. The novel single-locus sequence typing (CSP typing) strategy appears to be a simple, rapid, discriminatory tool that can be readily shared across laboratories. In addition, we found that A. fumigatus isolates substructured into multiple clades; interestingly, one clade consisted of isolates predominantly representing invasive clinical isolates recovered from cardiac transplant patients from two different outbreak situations. We also found that the A. fumigatus isolate Af293, whose genome has been sequenced, possesses a CSP gene structure that is substantially different from those of the other A. fumigatus strains studied here, highlighting the need for further taxonomic study. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Malaya, Fac Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G 11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fir3@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1392 EP 1399 DI 10.1128/EC.00164-07 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 200YN UT WOS:000248798800015 PM 17557880 ER PT J AU Gissler, M Deneux-Tharaux, C Alexander, S Berg, CJ Bouvier-Colle, MH Harper, M Nannini, A Breart, G Buekens, P AF Gissler, Mika Deneux-Tharaux, Catherine Alexander, Sophie Berg, Cynthia J. Bouvier-Colle, Marie-Hne Harper, Margaret Nannini, Angela Breart, Gerard Buekens, Pierre TI Pregnancy-related deaths in four regions of Europe and the United States in 1999-2000: Characterisation of unreported deaths SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS GYNECOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maternal mortality; pregnancy-related death; record linkage ID MATERNAL MORTALITY; FINLAND 1987-2000; COUNTRIES AB Objective: We compared official maternal mortality statistics with those from a special study covering all pregnancy-associated deaths in two European countries (Finland and France) and in two US states (Massachusetts and North Carolina) in 1999-2000 to characterize pregnancy-related deaths that are not included in official statistics. Study design: We linked the official ICD-10-based maternal mortality data for 84 deaths with study data on 404 pregnancy-associated deaths. Results: Of the pregnancy-associated deaths, 151 were pregnancy-related. We found 69 pregnancy-related deaths that had not been included as maternal deaths. and two deaths coded as maternal deaths that did not meet our definition for a pregnancy-related death. In total, 58 of these 69 deaths were from medical causes and I I were from external causes or injuries (10 postpartum depression-related suicides and one accidental drug poisoning). The unreported deaths due to medical causes included 27 direct, 15 indirect, and two direct/indirect pregnancy-related deaths and 14 possibly pregnancy-related deaths. The most common causes of the unreported deaths due to medical causes were intracerebral hemorrhage (7 deaths), peripartum cardiomyopathy (4), pulmonary embolism (4) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (4). Conclusions: The collection of data on pregnancy-related and pregnancy-associated deaths is useful for countries with low maternal mortality figures. The use of various data-collection methods may substantially increase the quality of maternal mortality statistics. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth, STAKES, Informat Div, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. Hop Tenon, Epidemiol Res Unit Perinatal & Womens Hlth, INSERM, IFR 69,UMR S149, F-75970 Paris, France. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sch Publ Hlth, Reprod Hlth Unit, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. Northeastern Univ, Sch Nursing, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Gissler, M (reprint author), Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth, STAKES, Informat Div, Helsinki, Finland. EM mika.gissler@stakes.fi RI Deneux-Tharaux, Catherine/R-1111-2016 OI Deneux-Tharaux, Catherine/0000-0002-6561-3321 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0301-2115 J9 EUR J OBSTET GYN R B JI Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 133 IS 2 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.08.013 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 203NM UT WOS:000248981300009 PM 17010498 ER PT J AU Holtz, TH Cegielski, JP AF Holtz, T. H. Cegielski, J. P. TI Origin of the term XDR-TB SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holtz, TH (reprint author), CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 396 EP 396 DI 10.1183/09031936.0042607 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 198FX UT WOS:000248613500030 PM 17666564 ER PT J AU Hourani, LL Davidson, L Clinton-Sherrod, M Patel, N Marshall, M Crosby, AE AF Hourani, Laurel L. Davidson, Lucy Clinton-Sherrod, Monique Patel, Nita Marshall, Maureen Crosby, Alex E. TI Suicide prevention and community-level indictors (vol 29, pg 377, 2006) SO EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING LA English DT Correction C1 RTI Int, Dept Hlth Social & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), RTI Int, Dept Hlth Social & Econ Res, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hourani@rti.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7189 J9 EVAL PROGRAM PLANN JI Eval. Program Plan. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 324 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2007.03.001 PG 1 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 202DN UT WOS:000248882300012 ER PT J AU Embers, ME Liang, FT Howell, JK Jacobs, MB Purcell, JE Norris, SJ Johnson, BJB Philipp, MT AF Embers, Monica E. Liang, Fang Ting Howell, Jerrilyn K. Jacobs, Mary B. Purcell, Jeanette E. Norris, Steven J. Johnson, Barbara J. B. Philipp, Mario T. TI Antigenicity and recombination of VlsE, the antigenic variation protein of Borrelia burgdorferi, in rabbits, a host putatively resistant to long-term infection with this spirochete SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borrelia burgdorferi; VlsE; antigenic variation; rabbit; decoy epitope ID VARIABLE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; CLONAL POPULATIONS; INVARIABLE DOMAIN; LINEAR PLASMID-25; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; GENETIC-VARIATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; IMMUNODOMINANT; EPITOPE AB Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease pathogen, employs several immune-evasive strategies to survive in mammals. Unlike mice, major reservoir hosts for B. burgdorferi, rabbits are considered to be nonpermissive hosts for persistent infection. Antigenic variation of the VlsE molecule is a probable evasion strategy known to function in mice. The invariable region 6 (IR6) and carboxyl-terminal domain (Ct) of VlsE elicit dominant antibody responses that are not protective, perhaps to function as decoy epitopes that protect the spirochete. We sought to determine if either of these characteristics of VlsE differed in rabbit infection, contributing to its reputed nonpermissiveness. VlsE recombination was observed in rabbits that were given inoculations with either cultured or host-adapted spirochetes. Early observations showed a lack of anti-C6 (a peptide encompassing the IR6 region) response in most rabbits, so the anti-Ct and anti-C6 responses were monitored for 98 weeks. Anti-C6 antibody appeared as late as 20 weeks postinoculation, and the anti-Ct response, evident within the first 2 weeks, oscillated for prolonged periods of time. These observations, together with the recovery of cultivable spirochetes from tissue of one animal at 98 weeks postinoculation, challenge the notion that the rabbit cannot harbour a long-term B. burgdorferi infection. C1 Tulane Univ, Div Bacteriol & Parasitol, Tulane Natl Primate Res Ctr, Hlth Sci Ctr, Covington, LA 70433 USA. Tulane Univ, Div Vet Med, Tulane Natl Primate Res Ctr, Hlth Sci Ctr, Covington, LA 70433 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Philipp, MT (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Div Bacteriol & Parasitol, Tulane Natl Primate Res Ctr, Hlth Sci Ctr, 18703 3 Rivers Rd, Covington, LA 70433 USA. EM philipp@tpc.tulane.edu OI Norris, Steven/0000-0002-2501-8034 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00164-41]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI37277] NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 421 EP 429 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2007.00276.x PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 186ZT UT WOS:000247817800018 PM 17596185 ER PT J AU Goddard, KAB Moore, C Ottman, D Szegda, KL Bradley, L Khoury, MJ AF Goddard, Katrina A. B. Moore, Cynthia Ottman, Denae Szegda, Kathleen L. Bradley, Linda Khoury, Muin J. TI Awareness and use of direct-to-consumer nutrigenomic tests, United States, 2006 SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HealthStyles survey; DocStyles survey; at-home; genetic tests; nutrigenomic AB Purpose: Direct-to-consumer genetic tests are increasingly available and may improve confidentiality, convenience, and accessibility. Amid ethical concerns and an uncertain regulatory landscape, the future of this mode of delivery is unclear. One class of products, nutrigenomic tests, is used to analyze DNA and lifestyle habits to assess health risks. Little information is available regarding awareness or use of such tests among consumers or physicians. Methods: We assessed consumers' awareness and use of nutrigenomic tests in the 2006 HealthStyles national survey (5250 respondents) and awareness among physicians in the 2006 DocStyles national survey (1250 respondents). Results: In the HealthStyles survey, 14% of respondents were aware of nutrigenomic tests, and 0.6% overall had used these tests. Respondents who were aware of nutrigenomic tests tended to be young and educated with a high income. Many physicians (44%) were aware of nutrigenomic tests, although 41% of these physicians had never had a patient ask about such tests, and most (74%) had never discussed the results of a nutrigenomic test with a patient. Conclusions: These results provide insight into current trends in public demand and interest in nutrigenomic tests and will aid in assessing the impact of policies, efforts at public or provider education, and the evolution of the availability and demand for such tests. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM muk1@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 9 IS 8 BP 510 EP 517 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e31812e6ac3 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 202XV UT WOS:000248938800004 PM 17700389 ER PT J AU Janssens, ACJW Moonesinghe, R Yang, Q Steyerberg, EW van Duijn, CM Khoury, MJ AF Janssens, A. Cecile J. W. Moonesinghe, Ramal Yang, Quahne Steyerberg, Ewout W. van Duijn, Cornelia M. Khoury, Muin J. TI The impact of genotype frequencies on the clinical validity of genomic profiling for predicting common chronic diseases SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE genetic; genomics; predictive test; clinical validity ID COMPLEX DISEASES; GENETIC-VARIANTS; BREAST-CANCER; RISK; ASSOCIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; NETWORKS; COHORTS AB Purpose: Single genetic variants in multifactorial disorders typically have small effects, so major increases in disease risk are expected only from the simultaneous exposure to multiple risk genotypes. We investigated the impact of genotype frequencies on the clinical discriminative accuracy for the simultaneous testing of 40 independent susceptibility genetic variants. Methods: In separate simulation scenarios, we varied the genotype frequency from 1% to 50% and the odds ratio for each genetic variant from 1.1 to 2.0. Population size was 1 million and the population disease risk was 10%. Discriminative accuracy was quantified as the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. Using an example of genomic profiling for type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve when the odds ratios and genotype frequencies varied between five postulated genetic variants. Results: When the genotype frequency was 1%, none of the subjects carried more than six of 40 risk genotypes, and when risk genotypes were frequent (>= 30%), all carried at least six. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve did not increase above 0.70 when the odds ratios were modest (1.1 or 1.25), but higher genotype frequency increased the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve from 0.57 to 0.82 and from 0.63 to 0.93 when odds ratios were 1.5 or 2.0. The example of type 2 diabetes showed that the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve did not change when differences in the odds ratios were ignored. Conclusions: Given that the effects of susceptibility genes in complex diseases are small, the feasibility of future genomic profiling for predicting common diseases will depend substantially on the frequencies of the risk genotypes. C1 Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Janssens, ACJW (reprint author), Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, POB 2040, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM a.janssens@erasmusmc.nl RI janssens, cecile/L-1075-2015; OI Steyerberg, Ewout/0000-0002-7787-0122; Janssens, A Cecile/0000-0002-6153-4976 NR 26 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 9 IS 8 BP 528 EP 535 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e31812eece0 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 202XV UT WOS:000248938800006 PM 17700391 ER PT J AU McGuire, LC Rao, JK Anderson, LA Ford, ES AF McGuire, Lisa C. Rao, Jaya K. Anderson, Lynda A. Ford, Earl S. TI Completion of a durable power of attorney for health care: What does cognition have to do with it? SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE cognition; advance directives; longitudinal study on aging ID OF-LIFE CARE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SELF-MANAGEMENT PROGRAM; ADVANCE DIRECTIVES; OLDER PERSONS; LIVING WILL; END; PREFERENCES; POPULATION; DISEASE AB Purpose: This study examined the association between cognitive functioning and completion of a durable power of attorney for health care. Design and Methods: Participants were from the Second Longitudinal Study on Aging (LSOA II), a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling persons who were at least 70 years of age at the time of participation. The sample included 325 older adult respondents (144 men, 181 women) with a mean age of 80.7 years (SE = 0.36) and a mean educational attainment of 11.6 years (SE = 0.18). Researchers measured each respondent's cognitive functioning during follow-up by using an adapted Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status, and a proxy informant indicated whether the respondent completed a durable power of attorney for health care. Results: A durable power of attorney for health care was completed by 60.8% (SE = 2.51) of respondents prior to their death. Logistic regression demonstrated that respondents with the first quartile of global cognitive functioning were 76% less likely to have completed a durable power of attorney (adjusted odds ratio = 0.24, 95% confidence interval = 0.09-0.60) than those with the fourth quartile of cognitive functioning. Implications: The factors associated with completion of durable power of attorney for cognitive functioning should be investigated further. Such data could be used to inform interventions to increase the completion rates of durable power of attorney for health care among this particular group of older adults. C1 [McGuire, Lisa C.; Rao, Jaya K.; Anderson, Lynda A.; Ford, Earl S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Hlth Aging Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Rao, Jaya K.] Emory Univ, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Anderson, Lynda A.] Emory Univ, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP McGuire, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Hlth Aging Program, 4770 Buford hlghway NE,MS K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lmcguire@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 457 EP 467 PG 11 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 272CS UT WOS:000253837200004 PM 17766667 ER PT J AU Anderson, JL Spitz, HB Yiin, JH AF Anderson, J. L. Spitz, H. B. Yiin, J. H. TI Estimating active bone marrow dose from occupational exposure to uranium at a former gaseous diffusion plant SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bone marrow; dose; exposure; occupational; uranium ID MORTALITY PATTERNS; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; RADIOLOGISTS; THOROTRAST; LEUKEMIA AB Active bone marrow absorbed doses were estimated for 581 workers as part of a nested case-control study of multiple myeloma mortality at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant (K-25). Uranium urinalysis results obtained by fluorometric and gross alpha measurements were available for about 20% of the 581 study subjects. These data were used to determine intakes of uranium as a result of occupational exposure during operation of the K-25 facility. Uranium solubility was inferred from the observed urinary excretion rate, job titles, and department codes. Data suggest that most study subjects were exposed to uranyl fluoride, a relatively soluble uranium compound. The median cumulative bone marrow dose determined for subjects with bioassay data was 0.06 mGy with a geometric standard deviation of 4.48. Subjects without bioassay data were assigned cumulative bone marrow dose based upon job titles and department codes. C1 NIOSH, DSHEFS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Yiin, JH (reprint author), 5555 Ridge Ave,R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. EM JLAnderson@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 93 IS 2 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000261161.20101.36 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 189TU UT WOS:000248012200003 PM 17622815 ER PT J AU Donnelly, EH Farfan, EB Parker, DD AF Donnelly, Elizabeth H. Farfan, Eduardo B. Parker, Denise D. TI Potential nuclear and radiological incidents: A summary for clinicians SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accidents, nuclear; emergencies, radiological; education; emergency planning AB Most clinicians will go their entire career without seeing a patient who has been involved in a nuclear or radiological incident, and many health care professionals feel ill equipped to respond to such incidents. To add to this difficulty, the medical response that is most appropriate for such an event varies, depending on the type of incident. As part of an effort to address these and other challenges for the medical community, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has developed a quick-reference table for clinicians (based on the consensus of numerous stakeholders) that summarizes the key differences between various types of potential nuclear and radiological incidents in relation to some key medical response concerns. This paper is not intended for a clinical audience, but rather presents the table and describes the framework upon which the table is based, providing the health physics community with a clinical perspective of these events. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. WriteSolutions, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Donnelly, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM edonnelly@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 93 IS 2 SU S BP S134 EP S138 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000264486.83701.0f PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 193LE UT WOS:000248274700006 PM 17630638 ER PT J AU Bruce, MG Bruden, D McMahon, B Reasonover, A Morris, J AF Bruce, M. G. Bruden, D. McMahon, B. Reasonover, A. Morris, J. CA H Study Grp TI The relationship between antimicrobial resistance and treatment outcome for Helicobacter pylori infections in native and non-native persons residing in Alaska SO HELICOBACTER LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Workshop on Helicobacter and Related Bacteria in Chronic Digestive Inflammation CY SEP 20-22, 2007 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP European Helicobacter Study Grp C1 CDC, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1083-4389 J9 HELICOBACTER JI Helicobacter PD AUG PY 2007 VL 12 IS 4 BP 450 EP 451 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology GA 204BM UT WOS:000249017800216 ER PT J AU Shariff, M Thukral, SS Beall, B AF Shariff, M. Thukral, S. S. Beall, B. TI Multilocus sequence types of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients with respiratory infections in India SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE; VACCINE; DISEASE; CLONES; IMPACT C1 Univ Delhi, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Inst, Dept Microbiol, Delhi 110007, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shariff, M (reprint author), Univ Delhi, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Inst, Dept Microbiol, Delhi 110007, India. EM malini.shariff@gmail.com NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN COUNCIL MEDICAL RES PI NEW DELHI PA PO BOX 4911 ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110029, INDIA SN 0971-5916 J9 INDIAN J MED RES JI Indian J. Med. Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 126 IS 2 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 224OF UT WOS:000250455600017 PM 17932444 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Li, QQ Zou, B Wang, G Li, X Kim, JE Cuff, CF Huang, L Reed, E Gardner, K AF Zhao, Jinshun Li, Qingdi Q. Zou, Baobo Wang, Gangduo Li, Xiping Kim, Jee Eun Cuff, Christopher F. Huang, Lan Reed, Eddie Gardner, Kevin TI In vitro combination characterization of the new anticancer plant drug beta-elemene with taxanes against human lung carcinoma SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-elemene; taxane; combination index; synergism; apoptosis; drug resistance; lung cancer ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; CANCER CELLS; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; CYCLE ARREST; TAXOL; PACLITAXEL; LINES; INDUCTION; DOCETAXEL AB ss-elemene has recently raised interest in P.R. China as a novel antitumor plant drug isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Zedoary. To explore potentially useful combinations of ss-elemene with taxanes in the clinic, we characterized the effects of ss-elemene combined with taxanes in human lung cancer cells using a median effect analysis, micronucleus assay, apoptotic detection, and determination of gene expression in the signaling pathways of apoptosis. The synergistic analysis indicated that the interactions of ss-elemene with paclitaxel or docetaxel ranged from slight synergism to synergism. Combinations of ss-elemene with docetaxel induced much stronger synergistic interactions in p53 mutant H23 cells and p53 null H358 cells than in p53 wild-type H460 and A549 cells. Similar synergistic interactions were observed by micronucleus assay, apoptotic detection, and determination of apoptotic gene expression. Our findings indicate that the synergistic effects achieved with combinations of ss-elemene and taxanes are related to the augmented cytotoxic efficacy of taxanes owing to the action of ss-elemene. In H460 and A549 cells, dose-dependent upregulation of p53 protein expression was observed in cultures treated with docetaxel alone and with docetaxel plus ss-elemene, whereas no significant change in p53 expression was observed in any of the treatment groups in H23 cells. Fas revealed no alteration of expression with any of the treatments in this study. However, the combination treatments induced increased cytochrome c release from mitochondria, significant caspase-8 and -3 cleavage, and downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X-L expression. These results suggest that, although p53 plays an important role in taxaneinduced cell death, apoptosis induced by ss-elemene or in combination with docetaxel thereof seems to be initiated through a p53- and Fas-independent pathway via mitochondria in our lung cancer cells. The suppression of specific 'survival' gene expression appears to be the key action leading to the synergistic effect of combination treatments with ss-elemene and taxanes. Finally, the ss-elemene-induced alteration of cell membrane permeability, which has potential to result in enhanced cellular uptake of taxanes, may also contribute to the synergistic interactions of the combination treatments. C1 NCI, Lab Receptor Biol & Gene Express, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. W Virginia Univ, Robert C Byrd Hlth Sci Ctr, Mary Babb Randolph Canc Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Robert C Byrd Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Cell Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. HYWE Pharmaceut Corp, Berkeley Hts, NJ 07922 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, QQ (reprint author), NCI, Lab Receptor Biol & Gene Express, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM liquenti@mail.nih.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20RR16440-010003, P20 RR016440] NR 49 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 14 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 241 EP 252 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 193PH UT WOS:000248286000001 PM 17611679 ER PT J AU Posner, S AF Posner, Sam TI The complexities of improving maternal and child health SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Posner, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway MS K-20, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SPosner@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 193 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s00038-007-0219-0 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 201MJ UT WOS:000248835500002 ER PT J AU Shaffer, DN Bautista, CT Sateren, WB Sawe, FK Kiplangat, SC Miruka, AO Renzullo, PO Scott, PT Robb, ML Michael, NL Birx, DL AF Shaffer, Douglas N. Bautista, Christian T. Sateren, Warren B. Sawe, Frederick K. Kiplangat, Stanley C. Miruka, Argwings O. Renzullo, Philip O. Scott, Paul T. Robb, Merlin L. Michael, Nelson L. Birx, Deborah L. TI The protective effect of circumcision on HIV incidence in rural low-risk men circumcised predominantly by traditional circumcisers in Kenya - Two-year follow-up of the Kericho HIV Cohort Study SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International AIDS Conference CY AUG 13-18, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA DE circumcision; HIV; Kenya; low risk; male; rural ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PREVENTION; ACCEPTABILITY; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; HIV/AIDS; TRIAL AB Background: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that mate circumcision prevents female-to-male HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Data from prospective cohort studies are helpful in considering generalizability of RCT results to populations with unique epidemiologic/cultural characteristics. Methods: Prospective observational cohort sub-analysis. A total of 1378 men were evaluated after 2 years of follow-up. Baseline sociodemographic and behavioral/HIV risk characteristics were compared between 270 uncircumcised and 1108 circumcised men. HIV incidence rates (per 100 person-years) were calculated, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses estimated hazard rate ratios (HRs). Results: Of the men included in this study, 80.4 % were circumcised; 73.9 % were circumcised by traditional circumcisers. Circumcision was associated with tribal affiliation, high school education, fewer marriages, and smaller age difference between spouses (P < 0,05). After 2 years of follow-up, there were 30 HIV incident cases (17 in circumcised and 13 in uncircumcised men). Two-year HIV incidence rates were 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46 to 1.25) for circumcised men and 2.48 (95% CI: 1.33 to 4.21) for uncircumcised men corresponding to a HR = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.64). In one model controlling for sociodemographic factors, the HR increased and became non-significant (HR =0.55; 95% CI: 0.20 to 1.49). Conclusions: Circumcision by traditional circumcisers offers protection from HIV infection in adult men in rural Kenya. Data from well-designed prospective cohort studies in populations with unique cultural characteristics can supplement RCT data in recommending public health policy. C1 Walter Reed Project HIV Program, US Army Med Res Unit, Kericho, Kenya. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kericho, Kenya. NIH, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shaffer, DN (reprint author), Walter Reed Project HIV Program, US Army Med Res Unit, Kericho, Kenya. EM dshaffer@wrp-kch.org RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 371 EP 379 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318095a3da PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 189ZS UT WOS:000248028100001 PM 17558336 ER PT J AU Xiridou, M van Griensven, F Tappero, JW Martin, M Gurwith, M Vanichseni, S Kittikraisak, W Coutinho, R Choopanya, K AF Xiridou, Maria van Griensven, Frits Tappero, Jordan W. Martin, Michael Gurwith, Marc Vanichseni, Suphak Kittikraisak, Wanitchaya Coutinho, Roel Choopanya, Kachit TI The spread of HIV-1 subtypes B and CRF01_AE among injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE dual infection; HIV-1 subtypes; injecting drug users; mathematic models; superinfection; Thailand; treatment ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; VACCINE TRIAL; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; DEATH; AIDS; SUPERINFECTION; DIVERSITY; TYPE-1 AB The HIV epidemic among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Bangkok was initially dominated by HIV subtype B and later by the recombinant CRF01_AE. The present study investigates the distribution of the 2 variants in time and how it is affected by changes in injecting risk behavior and treatment. A mathematic model describing the spread of HIV subtype B and CRF01_AE among IDUs was developed, and data from the AIDSVAX B/E cohort of IDUs in Bangkok were used. From the model, it was calculated that during 1999 to 2003, the annual incidence of HIV was around 0.6 and 2.7 to 3.9 infections per 100 person-years for subtype B and CRF01_AE, respectively. Of the new infections, 18% and 72% are first infections with subtype B and CRF01_AE, respectively, and 9% are super-infections. With increases in risk behavior, the fraction of super-infections rises. If treatment reduces the infectivity of CRF01_AE more than that of subtype B, the fraction of subtype B infections should increase. Subtype B should remain prevalent in a small but considerable fraction of the population for a long time. Changes in risk behavior and the introduction of treatment may alter the distribution of subtypes, but CRT01_AE should remain dominant. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Municipal Hlth Serv, Amsterdam, Netherlands. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. VaxGen Inc, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Bangkok Vaccine Evaluat Grp, Bangkok, Thailand. Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Xiridou, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, PO Box 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM maria.xiridou@rivm.nl RI Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011; van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813; van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 468 EP 475 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318093dea5 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 189ZS UT WOS:000248028100013 PM 17496560 ER PT J AU Cui, FQ Wang, XJ Cao, L Liang, XF Lu, Y Lu, YS Hadler, SC Shapiro, CN Wiersma, ST Ward, JW AF Cui, F. Q. Wang, X. J. Cao, L. Liang, X. F. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. S. hadler, S. C. Shapiro, C. N. Wiersma, S. T. Ward, J. W. CA CDC TI Progress in hepatitis B prevention through universal infant vaccination - China, 1997-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 441-445, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 China Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. Shaanxi Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Qinghai Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Xining, Qinghai, Peoples R China. WHO Off China, Beijing, Peoples R China. CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cui, FQ (reprint author), China Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 5 BP 506 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 195US UT WOS:000248438100009 ER PT J AU Bilukha, OO Brennan, M Anderson, M AF Bilukha, Oleg O. Brennan, Muireann Anderson, Mark TI Injuries and deaths from landmines and unexploded ordnance in Afghanistan, 2002-2006 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bilukha, OO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM obilukha1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 5 BP 516 EP 518 DI 10.1001/jama.298.5.516 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 195US UT WOS:000248438100016 PM 17666671 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Bossarte, RM AF Swahn, Monica H. Bossarte, Robert M. TI Gender, early alcohol use, and suicide ideation and attempts: Findings from the 2005 youth risk behavior survey SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE alcohol use; alcohol initiation; suicidal ideation; suicide attempts; youth risk behavior survey ID ADOLESCENT DRINKERS; UNINTENTIONAL INJURY; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; UNITED-STATES; SUBSTANCE USE; DRINKING; AGE; CONSUMPTION; ONSET; INVOLVEMENT AB Purpose: To examine the cross-sectional associations between preteen alcohol use initiation and subsequent suicide ideation and attempts for boys and girls in a nationally representative sample of high school students. Methods: Analyses are computed using data from the 2005 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which includes a representative sample (n = 13,639) of high-school students in grades 9-12 in the United States. Cross-sectional logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between early alcohol use and reports of suicide ideation and suicide attempts for boys and girls while controlling for demographic characteristics, substance use, involvement in physical fights, weapon carrying, physical abuse by dating partner, sexual assault, and sadness. Results: Among study participants, 25.4% reported drinking before age 13 years. Preteen alcohol use initiation was statistically significantly associated with suicidal ideation (adjusted OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.46-2.44) and suicide attempts (adjusted OR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.82-4.02) relative to nondrinkers. Preteen alcohol use initiation was statistically significantly associated with suicidal ideation and attempts relative to nondrinkers for both boys and girls. Conclusions: Alcohol use among adolescents, particularly preteen alcohol use initiation, is an important risk factor for both suicide ideation and suicide attempts among boys and girls. Increased efforts to delay and reduce early alcohol use are needed, and may reduce suicide attempts. (C) 2007 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Swahn, MH (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop D 72,Bldg 21,8th Floo, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MSwahn@cdc.gov RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 39 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD AUG PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.03.003 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 200AS UT WOS:000248736900010 PM 17659222 ER PT J AU B'Hymer, C AF B'Hymer, C. TI Development of a gas chromatographic test for the quantitation of the biomarker 2-butoxyacetic acid in urine samples SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER; ALKOXYACETIC ACIDS; (2-METHOXYETHOXY)ACETIC ACID; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 2-BUTOXYETHANOL; METABOLITES; MICE; QUANTIFICATION; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ins Occupat Safety & Hlth, Taft Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP B'Hymer, C (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ins Occupat Safety & Hlth, Taft Lab, 4676 columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cbhymer@cdc.goc NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 422 EP 427 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 198UU UT WOS:000248653800007 PM 17725869 ER PT J AU Carvalho, MDS Tondella, ML McCaustland, K Weidlich, L McGee, L Mayer, LW Steigerwalt, A Whaley, M Facklam, RR Fields, B Carlone, G Ades, EW Dagan, R Sampson, JS AF Carvalho, Maria da Gloria S. Tondella, Maria Lucia McCaustland, Karen Weidlich, Luciana McGee, Lesley Mayer, Leonard W. Steigerwalt, Arnold Whaley, Melissa Facklam, Richard R. Fields, Barry Carlone, George Ades, Edwin W. Dagan, Ron Sampson, Jacquelyn S. TI Evaluation and improvement of real-time PCR assays targeting lytA, ply, and psaA genes for detection of pneumococcal DNA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; NASOPHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; URINE SAMPLES; CHILDREN; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; ANTIGEN AB The accurate diagnosis of pneumococcal disease has frequently been hampered not only by the difficulties in obtaining isolates of the organism from patient specimens but also by the misidentification of pneumococcus-like viridans group streptococci (P-LVS) as Streptococcus pneumoniae. This is especially critical when the specimen comes from the respiratory tract. In this study, three novel real-time PCR assays designed for the detection of specific sequence regions of the lytA, ply, and psaA genes were developed (lytA-CDC, ply-CDC, and psaA, respectively). These assays showed high sensitivity (< 10 copies for lytA-CDC and ply-CDC and an approximately twofold less sensitivity for psaA). Two additional real-time PCR assays for lytA and ply described previously for pneumococcal DNA detection were also evaluated. A panel of isolates consisting of 67 S. pneumoniae isolates (44 different serotypes and 3 nonencapsulated S. pneumoniae isolates from conjunctivitis outbreaks) and 104 nonpneumococcal isolates was used. The 67 S. pneumoniae isolates were reactive in all five assays. The new real-time detection assays targeting the lytA and psaA genes were the most specific for the detection of isolates confirmed to be S. pneumoniae, with lytA-CDC showing the greatest specificity. Both ply PCRs were positive for all isolates of S. pseudopneumoniae, along with 13 other isolates of other P-LVS isolates confirmed to be non-S. pneumoniae by DNA-DNA reassociation. Thus, the use of the ply gene for the detection of pneumococci can lead to false-positive reactions in the presence of P-LVS. The five assays were applied to 15 culture-positive cerebrospinal fluid specimens with 100% sensitivity; and serum and ear fluid specimens were also evaluated. Both the lytA-CDC and psaA assays, particularly the lytA-CDC assay, have improved specificities compared with those of currently available assays and should therefore be considered the assays of choice for the detection of pneumococcal DNA, particularly when upper respiratory P-LVS might be present in the clinical specimen. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Resoures, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Fdn Estadual Prod & Pesquisa Saude, Ctr Desenvolvimento Cient Tecnol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Soroka Univ Med Ctr, Pediat Infect Dis Unit, Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Sampson, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JSampson@CDC.gov RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 33 TC 185 Z9 187 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 2460 EP 2466 DI 10.1128/JCM.02498-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 200WK UT WOS:000248793300017 ER PT J AU Karpathy, SE Dasch, GA Eremeeva, ME AF Karpathy, Sandor E. Dasch, Gregory A. Eremeeva, Marina E. TI Molecular typing of isolates of Rickettsia rickettsii by use of DNA sequencing of variable intergenic regions SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; TICK; SEROTYPES; INFECTION; VIRULENCE; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION AB Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, is found throughout the Americas, where it is associated with different animal reservoirs and tick vectors. No molecular typing system currently exists to allow for the robust differentiation of isolates of R. rickettsii. Analysis of eight completed genome sequences of rickettsial species revealed a high degree of sequence conservation within the coding regions of chromosomes in the genus. Intergenic regions between coding sequences should be under less selective pressure to maintain this conservation and thus should exhibit greater nucleotide polymorphisms. Utilizing these polymorphisms, we developed a molecular typing system that allows for the genetic differentiation of isolates of R. rickettsii. This typing system was applied to a collection of 38 different isolates collected from humans, animals, and tick vectors from different geographic locations. Serotypes 364D, from Dermacentor occidentalis ticks, and Hlp, from Haemaphysalis leporispalustris ticks, appear to be distinct genotypes that may not belong to the species R. rickettsii. We were also able to differentiate 36 historical isolates of R. rickettsii into three different phylogenetic clades containing seven different genotypes. This differentiation correlated well, but not perfectly, with the geographic origin and likely tick vectors associated with the isolates. The few apparent typing discrepancies found suggest that the molecular ecology of R. rickettsii needs more investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mail Stop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mge6@cdc.gov OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 51 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 2545 EP 2553 DI 10.1128/JCM.00367-07 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 200WK UT WOS:000248793300029 PM 17553977 ER PT J AU Honma, S Chizhikov, V Santos, N Tatsumi, M Timenetsky, MDCST Linhares, AC Mascarenhas, JDP Ushijima, H Armah, GE Gentsch, JR Hoshino, Y AF Honma, Shinjiro Chizhikov, Vladimir Santos, Norma Tatsumi, Masatoshi Timenetsky, Maria do Carmo S. T. Linhares, Alexandre C. Mascarenhas, Joana D'Arc P. Ushijima, Hiroshi Armah, George E. Gentsch, Jon R. Hoshino, Yasutaka TI Development and validation of DNA microarray for genotyping group A rotavirus VP4 (P[4], P[6], P[8], P[9], and p[14]) and VP7 (G1 to G6, G8 to G10, and G12) genes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE-MICROARRAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; STRAINS BEARING; P-GENOTYPE; IDENTIFICATION; VIRUS; DIVERSITY; SEROTYPES AB Previously, we reported the development of a microarray-based method for the identification of five clinically relevant G genotypes (G1 to G4 and G9) (V. Chizhikov et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:2398-2407, 2002). The expanded version of the rotavirus microarray assay presented herein is capable of identifying (I) five clinically relevant human rotavirus VP4 genotypes (P[4], P[61, P[8], P[9], and P[14]) and (ii) five additional human rotavirus VP7 genotypes (G5, G6, G8, G10, and G12) on one chip. Initially, a total of 80 cell culture-adapted human and animal reference rotavirus strains of known P (P[1] to P[12], P[14], P[16], and P[20]) and G (G1-6, G8 to G12, and G14) genotypes isolated in various parts of the world were employed to evaluate the new microarray assay. All rotavirus strains bearing P[4], P[6], P[8], P[9], or P[14] and/or G1 to G6, G8 to GIO, or G12 specificity were identified correctly. In addition, cross-reactivity to viruses of genotype G11, G13, or G14 or P[1] to P[3], P[5], P[7], P[10] to P[12], P[16], or P[20] was not observed. Next, we analyzed a total of 128 rotavirus-positive human stool samples collected in three countries (Brazil, Ghana, and the United States) by this assay and validated its usefulness. The results of this study showed that the assay was sensitive and specific and capable of unambiguously discriminating mixed rotavirus infections from nonspecific cross-reactivity; the inability to discriminate mixed infections from nonspecific cross-reactivity is one of the inherent shortcomings of traditional multiplex reverse transcription-PCR genotyping. Moreover, because the hybridization patterns exhibited by rotavirus strains of different genotypes can vary, this method may be ideal for analyzing the genetic polymorphisms of the VP7 or VP4 genes of rotaviruses. C1 NIAID, Epidemiol Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Lab Method Dev, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ins Adolf Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Secretaria Vigilancia Saude, Inst Evandro Chagas, Belem, Para, Brazil. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Ghana, Legon, Ghana. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hoshino, Y (reprint author), NIAID, Epidemiol Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 50,Room 6308,50 S Dr,MSC 8026, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM thoshino@niaid.nih.gov RI TIMENETSKY, MARIA/I-7593-2013; Santos, Norma/H-6986-2015 OI Santos, Norma/0000-0002-5123-9172 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 60 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 2641 EP 2648 DI 10.1128/JCM.00736-07 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 200WK UT WOS:000248793300041 PM 17567783 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA Lindsley, MD Lqbal, N Ito, J Pappas, PG Brandt, ME AF Balajee, S. Arunmozhi Lindsley, Mark D. Lqbal, Naureen Ito, James Pappas, Peter G. Brandt, Mary E. TI Nonsporulating clinical isolate identified as Petromyces alliaceus (Anamorph Aspergillus alliaceus) by morphological and sequence-based methods SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELL; TRANSCRIBED SPACER; FUMIGATUS; DESIGN; GENE AB Concerted morphological and sequencing-based strategies revealed the identity of a nonsporulating clinical isolate as Petromyces alliaceus (anamorph Aspergillus alliaceus). This rare Aspergillus sp. was recovered as the etiological agent of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and had reduced in vitro susceptibilities to amphotericin B and caspofungin, which correlated with clinical failure of therapy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. Univ Alabama, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G 11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fir3@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 2701 EP 2703 DI 10.1128/JCM.00642-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 200WK UT WOS:000248793300052 PM 17537938 ER PT J AU Cama, VA Pearson, J Cabrera, L Pacheco, L Gilman, R Meyer, S Ortega, Y Xiao, L AF Cama, Vitaliano A. Pearson, Julie Cabrera, Lilia Pacheco, Luz Gilman, Robert Meyer, Sarah Ortega, Ynes Xiao, Lihua TI Transmission of Enterocytozoon bieneusi between a child and guinea pigs SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; 1ST DETECTION; DIARRHEA; CATTLE; IDENTIFICATION; THERAPY; SPAIN; LIMA; PERU; AIDS AB An unusual Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype was found in seven guinea pigs and a 2-year-old child in the same household. The genetic uniqueness of the parasite, its wide occurrence in other guinea pigs in the community, and its absence in other children in the community suggest the possibility of zoonotic transmission of the infection to the study child. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Asociac Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Xiao, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop F12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5P01 AI051976, P01 AI051976, R21 AI059661, R21AI 059661] NR 24 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 2708 EP 2710 DI 10.1128/JCM.00725-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 200WK UT WOS:000248793300054 PM 17537930 ER PT J AU Anderson, KF Lonsway, DR Rasheed, JK Biddle, J Jensen, B McDougal, LK Carey, RB Thompson, A Stocker, S Limbago, B Patel, JB AF Anderson, K. F. Lonsway, D. R. Rasheed, J. K. Biddle, J. Jensen, B. McDougal, L. K. Carey, R. B. Thompson, A. Stocker, S. Limbago, B. Patel, J. B. TI Evaluation of methods to identify the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase in Enterobactetiaceae SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROLYZING BETA-LACTAMASE; NEW-YORK; IMIPENEM RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENZYME KPC-2; EMERGENCE; STRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; COMBINATION; PSEUDOMONAS AB The Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem (KPC) beta-lactamase occurs in Enterobacteriaceae and can confer resistance to all beta-lactam agents including carbapenems. The enzyme may confer low-level carbapenem resistance, and the failure of susceptibility methods to identify this resistance has been reported. Automated and nonautomated methods for carbapenem susceptibility were evaluated for identification of KPC-mediated resistance. Ertapenem was a more sensitive indicator of KPC resistance than meropenem and imipenem independently of the method used. Carbapenemase production could be confirmed with the modified Hodge test. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, KF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mail Stop G-08,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ebi2@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 207 Z9 228 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 2723 EP 2725 DI 10.1128/JCM.00015-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 200WK UT WOS:000248793300058 PM 17581941 ER PT J AU Ulirsch, GV Ball, L Kaye, W Shy, C Lee, CV Crawford-Brown, D Symons, M Holloway, T AF Ulirsch, Gregory V. Ball, Louisem. Kaye, Wendy Shy, Carlm. Lee, Carolyn V. Crawford-Brown, Douglas Symons, Michael Holloway, Tracey TI Effect of particulate matter air pollution on hospital admissions and medical visits for lung and heart disease in two southeast Idaho cities SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; pulmonary disease; child exposure/health; population-based studies ID EMERGENCY-ROOM VISITS; TIME-SERIES; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; UTAH VALLEY; ASSOCIATION; LONDON; HEALTH; CONSULTATIONS; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA AB Few, if any, published time series studies have evaluated the effects of particulate matter air exposures by combining hospital admissions with medical visit data for smaller populations. We investigated the relationship between daily particulate matter (<10 mu m in aerometric diameter or PM10) exposures with admissions and medical visits (emergency room, urgent care, and family practice) for respiratory and cardiovascular disease in Pocatello and Chubbuck, Idaho (population about 60,000), from November 1994 through March 2000. Within generalized linear models, time, weather, influenza, and day-of-week effects were controlled. In single-pollutant models, respiratory disease admissions and visits increased (7.1-15.4% per 50 mu g/m(3) PM10) for each age group analyzed, with the highest increases in two groups, children and especially the elderly. Statistical analyses suggest that the results probably did not occur by chance. Sensitivity analyses did not provide strong evidence that the respiratory disease effect estimates were sensitive to reasonable changes in the final degrees of freedom choice for time and weather effects. No strong evidence of confounding by NO2 and SO2 was found from results of multi-pollutant models. Ozone and carbon monoxide data were not available to include multi-pollutant models, but evidence suggests that they were not a problem. Unexpectedly, evidence of an association between PM10 with cardiovascular disease was not found, possibly due to the lifestyles of the mostly Mormon study population. Successful time series analyses can be performed on smaller populations if diverse, centralized databases are available. Hospitals that offer urgent or other primary care services may be a rich source of data for researchers. Using data that potentially represented a wide-range of disease severity, the findings provide evidence that evaluating only hospital admissions or emergency room visit effects may underestimate the overall morbidity due to acute particulate matter exposures. Further work is planned to test this conclusion. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Ulirsch, GV (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Publ Hlth Serv, 1825 Century Ctr Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM gulirsch@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 478 EP 487 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500542 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 199CS UT WOS:000248674400007 PM 17299531 ER PT J AU Medeiros, DBA Nunes, MRT Vasconcelos, PFC Chang, GJJ Kuno, G AF Medeiros, Daniele B. A. Nunes, Marcio R. T. Vasconcelos, Pedro F. C. Chang, Gwong-Jen J. Kuno, Goro TI Complete genome characterization of Rocio virus (Flavivirus : Flaviviridae), a Brazilian flavivirus isolated from a fatal case of encephalitis during an epidemic in Sao Paulo state SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; GENUS FLAVIVIRUS; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; CYCLIZATION SEQUENCES; UNTRANSLATED REGION; 3'-NONCODING REGION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AB The flaviviruses of major medical importance in South American countries are yellow fever, dengue, Saint Louis encephalitis, West Nile and Rocio viruses. Rocio virus (ROCV) has been responsible for epidemics of severe encephalitis in Brazil with a case-fatality rate of 10 % and development of sequelae in 20% of the survivors. We have sequenced and characterized the entire genome of ROCV for the first time, by determining the general traits of the open reading frame and the characteristics of viral genes including the potential cleavage sites, conserved or unique motifs, cysteine residues and potential glycosylation sites. The conserved sequences in the 3'-non-coding region were identified, and the predicted secondary structures during cyclization between 5'- and 3'-non-coding regions were studied. Multiple protein and phylogenetic analyses based on antigenically important and phylogenetically informative genes confirmed a close relationship between ROCV and Ilheus virus (ILHV), together constituting a unique and distinct phylogenetic subgroup as well as the genetic relationship of ROCV with several members of the Japanese encephalitis group. Although ROCV is phylogenetically related to ILHV, our study shows that it is still a virus distinct from the latter virus. This is the first flavivirus uniquely indigenous to Brazil that has been sequenced completely and the genome characterized. The data should be useful for further studies at the molecular level, including construction of infectious clone, identification of gene function, improved disease surveillance based on molecular diagnostic tools and vaccine development. C1 Minist Saude, Secretaria Vigilancia Saude, Inst Evandro Chagas, Secao Arbovirol & Febres Hemorrag, Belem, Para, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Vasconcelos, PFC (reprint author), Minist Saude, Secretaria Vigilancia Saude, Inst Evandro Chagas, Secao Arbovirol & Febres Hemorrag, Belem, Para, Brazil. EM pedrovasconcelos@iec.pa.gov.br RI Nunes, Marcio Roberto/B-2238-2016 OI Nunes, Marcio Roberto/0000-0001-9739-5499 NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 88 BP 2237 EP 2246 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82883-0 PN 8 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 201JY UT WOS:000248828600020 PM 17622628 ER PT J AU Dodge, K Potocky, M AF Dodge, Karen Potocky, Miriam TI Care system assessment demonstration project, Palm Beach County, Florida: Methodology, findings, and recommendations SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; care system assessment demonstration project; rapid assessment response and evaluation (RARE); Palm Beach County AB Palm Beach County, Florida was one of three sites selected nationally for the Care System Assessment Demonstration Project. The special focus of the Palm Beach project was Black women (both U.S.-born and foreign-born). The CSAD consists of two complementary components: (1) Rapid Assessment, Response, and Evaluation (RARE), which examines the research topic from the perspectives of the affected population (i.e., HIV-positive Black women who are not in care); and (2) Care System Assessment, which examines the research topic from the perspectives of people within the HIV/AIDS care system (e.g., health care providers, planners, HIV-positive Black women in care). This article presents the methods, findings, and recommendations from the Palm Beach County site. C1 Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, W Palm Beach, FL 33407 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Miami Univ Miller Sch Med, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Nova SE Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Dodge, K (reprint author), Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, W Palm Beach, FL 33407 USA. EM Karen_Dodge@doh.state.fl.us; potockym@fiu.edu NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD AUG PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 SU S BP 79 EP 104 PG 26 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 211PC UT WOS:000249534700007 PM 17938468 ER PT J AU Potocky, M Dodge, K Greene, M AF Potocky, Miriam Dodge, Karen Greene, Michael TI Bridging cultural chasms between providers and HIV-Positive Haitians in Palm Beach County, Florida SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE Haitian; HIV/AIDS; cultural competence; immigrants ID HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR; HEALTH-CARE; REFUGEES AB This article discusses special challenges faced by HIV-positive Haitian immigrants, one of the groups targeted by the Care System Assessment Demonstration Project in Palm Beach County, Florida. The article examines the following issues: structural health care access barriers; language and literacy; health beliefs and practices and their intersection with Western medicine; health care-seeking attitudes, emotions, and behaviors; bridging cultural chasms; and lessons learned. C1 Florida Int Univ, Sch Social Work, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, W Palm Beach, FL 33407 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Miami Univ, Miller Sch Med, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Nova SE Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potocky, M (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Sch Social Work, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM potockym@fiu.edu; Karen_Dodge@doh.statefl.us; MGreene@hcdpbc.org NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD AUG PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 SU S BP 105 EP 117 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 211PC UT WOS:000249534700008 PM 17938469 ER PT J AU Johnson, VJ Yucesoy, B Reynolds, JS Fluharty, K Wang, W Richardson, D Luster, MI AF Johnson, Victor J. Yucesoy, Berran Reynolds, Jeff S. Fluharty, Kafa Wang, Wei Richardson, Diana Luster, Michael I. TI Inhalation of toluene diisocyanate vapor induces allergic rhinitis in mice SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MURINE MODEL; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; NASAL-MUCOSA; MOUSE MODEL; INFLAMMATION; CYTOKINES; EXPOSURE; TDI; EXPRESSION AB Diisocyanates are the leading cause of occupational asthma, and epidemiological evidence suggests that occupational rhinitis is a comorbid and preceding condition in patients who develop asthma. The goal of the present studies was to develop and characterize a murine model of toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced rhinitis. Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to workplace-relevant concentrations of TDI vapor via inhalation for 4 h/day for 12 days with or without a 2-wk rest period and TDI challenge. Mice exposed 12 consecutive weekdays to 50 parts per billion TDI vapor showed elevated total serum IgE and increased TDI-specific IgG titers. Breathing rates were decreased corresponding with increased inspiratory time. TDI exposure elevated IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-gamma mRNA expression in the nasal mucosa, suggesting a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. Expressions of mRNA for proin-flammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules were also up-regulated. These cytokine changes corresponded with a marked influx of inflammatory cells into the nasal mucosa, eosinophils being the predominant cell type. Removal from exposure for 2 wk resulted in reduced Ab production, cytokine mRNA expression, and cellular inflammation. Subsequent challenge with 50 parts per billion TDI vapor resulted in robust up-regulation of Ab production, cytokine gene expression, as well as eosinophilic inflammation in the nasal mucosa. There were no associated changes in the lung. The present model shows that TDI inhalation induces immunemediated allergic rhinitis, displaying the major features observed in human disease. Future studies will use this model to define disease mechanisms and examine the temporal/dose relationship between TDI-induced rhinitis and asthma. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Johnson, VJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, 1095 Willwdale Rd,Mail Stop 3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM vjohnson3@cdc.gov RI Johnson, Victor/A-7910-2009; Yucesoy, Berran/B-4497-2009 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES-0001] NR 46 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 179 IS 3 BP 1864 EP 1871 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 194BU UT WOS:000248319700050 PM 17641053 ER PT J AU Helfand, RF Perry, R Strebel, P AF Helfand, Rita F. Perry, Robert Strebel, Peter TI Vaccines must be given in order to protect SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MEASLES; CHILDREN; VACCINATIONS; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; INFANTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Helfand, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rzh7@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 3 BP 333 EP 335 DI 10.1086/519171 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 186UH UT WOS:000247803300001 PM 17597445 ER PT J AU Gallagher, KM Juhasz, M Harris, NS Teshale, EH AF Gallagher, Kathleen M. Juhasz, Marta Harris, Norma S. Teshale, Eyasu H. CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum TI Predictors of influenza vaccination in HIV-infected patients in the United States, 1990-2002 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; VIRUS; IMMUNIZATION; INDIVIDUALS; REPLICATION; DISEASE; ADULTS AB Background. Although annual influenza vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has been recommended in the United States since the early 1990s, vaccine coverage in this population is reported to be low. The objectives of the present study were to assess trends in influenza vaccination coverage in HIV-infected patients and to determine predictors of influenza vaccination. Methods. We analyzed data from the medical records of 51,021 HIV-infected patients from 10 US cities observed in a longitudinal cohort study between 1990 and 2002. Using multivariate logistic regression, we determined predictors of influenza vaccination for both the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HAART eras. Results. Vaccination coverage increased from 28.5% in the 1990 to 41.6% in the 2002 influenza season. Vaccine coverage increased with increasing age and frequency of medical visits. In the HAART era, persons prescribed antiretroviral therapy were more likely and those with higher viral loads and lower CD4 T cell counts were less likely to have received influenza vaccine. Conclusions. Although influenza vaccination coverage in this population has increased in recent years, it is well below the Healthy People 2010 target of 60%. Efforts should be undertaken to increase influenza vaccination in HIV-infected persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gallagher, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kxg7@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 3 BP 339 EP 346 DI 10.1086/519165 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 186UH UT WOS:000247803300003 PM 17597447 ER PT J AU Bodamer, O Zhang, K Keutzer, J Orsini, J De Jesus, V Muhl, A AF Bodamer, O. Zhang, K. Keutzer, J. Orsini, J. De Jesus, V Muhl, A. TI Newborn screening for Pompe Disease using MS/MS SO JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Child Hosp, Vienna, Austria. Genzyme, Framingham, MA USA. New York State Lab, Albany, NY USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-8955 J9 J INHERIT METAB DIS JI J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 SU 1 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 201VF UT WOS:000248860000035 ER PT J AU Hogg, SL Calvin, J Parker, A AF Hogg, S. L. Calvin, J. Parker, A. TI Investigation of paediatric patients for mitochondrial disorders SO JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Addenbrookes Hosp, Biochem Genet Unit, Cambridge, MA USA. Addenbrookes Hosp, CDC, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-8955 J9 J INHERIT METAB DIS JI J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 SU 1 BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 201VF UT WOS:000248860000274 ER PT J AU Elvers, LH Loeber, JG Dhondt, JL Fukushi, M Hannon, WH Torresani, T Webster, D AF Elvers, L. H. Loeber, J. G. Dhondt, J.-L. Fukushi, M. Hannon, W. H. Torresani, T. Webster, D. TI First ISNS Reference Preparation for Neonatal Screening for thyrotropin, phenylalanine and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in blood spots SO JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Diagnost Lab Infect Dis & Perinatal Screening, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Hosp St Philibert, Lomme Les Lille, France. Sapporo City Inst Publ Hlth, Shiroishi Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Kinderklin, Zurich, Switzerland. Natl Testing Ctr, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Elvers, LH (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Diagnost Lab Infect Dis & Perinatal Screening, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM bert.elvers@rivm.nl NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-8955 J9 J INHERIT METAB DIS JI J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 609 EP 609 DI 10.1007/s10545-007-0622-y PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 208FL UT WOS:000249305100027 PM 17574536 ER PT J AU Loo, YM Fornek, J Crochet, N Zeng, H Akira, S Gill, MA Tumpey, TM Garcia-Sastre, A Katze, MG Gale, M AF Loo, Yueh-Ming Fornek, Jamie Crochet, Nanette Zeng, Hui Akira, Shizuo Gill, Michelle A. Tumpey, Terrence M. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Katze, Michael G. Gale, Michael, Jr. TI Distinct RIG-I and MDA5 signaling regulation by RNA viruses in innate immunity SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. SW Texas State Univ, Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1079-9907 J9 J INTERF CYTOK RES JI J. Interferon Cytokine Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 8 BP 697 EP 697 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 206UN UT WOS:000249208500032 ER PT J AU Helms, WS Jeffrey, JL Holmes, DA Townsend, MB Clipstone, NA Su, LS AF Helms, Whitney S. Jeffrey, Jerry L. Holmes, Derek A. Townsend, Michael B. Clipstone, Neil A. Su, Lishan TI Modulation of NFAT-dependent gene expression by the RhoA signaling pathway in T cells SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GTPase; HIV-1; IL-2 ID TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR ICER; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; NUCLEAR-FACTOR; TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION; HIV-1 REPLICATION; AT COMPLEX; ACTIVATION; PROTEIN; AP-1; IDENTIFICATION AB We have reported previously that p115Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor, its upstream activator G alpha 13, and its effector RhoA are able to inhibit HIV-1 replication. Here, we show that RhoA is able to inhibit HIV-1 gene expression through the NFAT-binding site in the HIV long-terminal repeat. Constitutively active NFAT counteracts the inhibitory activity of RhoA, and inhibition of NFAT activation also inhibits HIV-1 gene expression. We have shown further that RhoA inhibits NFAT-dependent transcription and IL-2 production in human T cells. RhoA does not inhibit nuclear localization of NFAT but rather, inhibits its transcriptional activity. In addition, RhoA decreases the level of acetylated histone H3, but not NFAT occupancy, at the IL-2 promoter. These data suggest that activation of RhoA can modulate IL-2 gene expression by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of NFAT and chromatin structure at IL-2 promoter during T cell activation. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Genet & Mol Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Loyola Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Su, LS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM lsu@med.unc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI007273, AI04840704, AI5380402, R01 AI077454, 5T32AI07273, R01 AI048407] NR 50 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 82 IS 2 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1189/jlb.0206120 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 194QI UT WOS:000248358500023 PM 17502338 ER PT J AU Subbarao, S Ramos, A Kim, C Adams, D Monsour, M Butera, S Folks, T Otten, RA AF Subbarao, Shambavi Ramos, Artur Kim, Caryn Adams, Debra Monsour, Michael Butera, Sal Folks, Tom Otten, Ron A. TI Direct stringency comparison of two macaque models (single-high vs. repeat-low) for mucosal HIV transmission using an identical anti-HIV chemoprophylaxis interventin SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Symposium on Nonhuman Primate Models for AIDS CY OCT 04-07, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr DE HIV intervention; macaque models mucosal; transmission ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; RHESUS MACAQUES; PRECLINICAL INTERVENTIONS; PERSISTENT VIREMIA; TRANSIENT VIREMIA; CCR5 INHIBITOR; INFECTION; INOCULATION; CHALLENGES AB Backgroud In our previous work, oral chemoprophylaxis with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) provided partial protection in rhesus macaques against repeated low-dose (RL) intrarectal SHIV162p3 exposure. Methods Here, we make a direct comparison of these previous findings with data generated using a single high (SH)-dose challenge strategy. Results All 5 (100%) control macaques were infected after a SH challenge and only three of five (60%) TDF-treated macaques became infected. The remaining two TDF-treated macaques remained virus-negative and were susceptible to virus infection upon re-challenge in the absence of oral TDF. Thus, two of five (40%) TDF-treated macaques were protected by the pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis regimen. By comparison with the RL challenge system, only one of four (25%) of TDF-treated macaques were protected from infection, whereas four of four (100%) control macaques became infected using RL challenges. Conclusion Taken together, these findings indicate that the stringency of the RL challenge model for testing antiretroviral interventions is not lower and possibly greater than that of the SH challenge model. C1 CDC, Lab Branch, DHAP, NCHHSTP,CCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Informat Technol & Stat Serv Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, NCCDPH,CDCP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Otten, RA (reprint author), CDC, Lab Branch, DHAP, NCHHSTP,CCID, Mailstop G-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Rotten@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4-5 BP 238 EP 243 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2007.00241.x PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 196LJ UT WOS:000248482700008 PM 17669212 ER PT J AU Chenine, AL Shai-Kobiler, E Steele, LN Augostini, P Lee, SJ Ruprecht, RM Secor, WE AF Chenine, Agens-Laurence Shai-Kobiler, Ela Steele, Lisa N. Augostini, Peter Lee, Sandra J. Ruprecht, Ruth M. Secor, W. Evan TI Schistosoma mansoni increases mucosal aids virus transmission and replication in nonhuman primates SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4-5 MA 16 BP 292 EP 292 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 196LJ UT WOS:000248482700030 ER PT J AU Sundstrom, JB Hair, GA Kirshenbaum, AS Ellis, JE Ansari, AA Metcalfe, DD Secor, WE AF Sundstrom, J. Bruce Hair, Greg A. Kirshenbaum, Arnold S. Ellis, Jane E. Ansari, Aftab A. Metcalfe, Dean D. Secor, W. Evan TI Shistosoma mansoni EGG antigen (SEA)-mediated ige-dependent enhanced susceptibility of rhesus progenitor mast cells to X4-tropic SIV SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NIAID, Lab Allerg Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4-5 MA 22 BP 294 EP 294 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 196LJ UT WOS:000248482700036 ER PT J AU Van Rompay, KKA Johnson, JA Blackwood, EJ Lipscomb, J Bischofberger, N Heneine, W North, TW AF Van Rompay, Koen K. A. Johnson, J. A. Blackwood, E. J. Lipscomb, J. Bischofberger, N. Heneine, W. North, T. W. TI Sequential emergence and clinical implications of K70E and K65R viral mutants during prolonged tenofovir (PMPA) monotherapy in rhesus macaques with chronic RT-SHIV infection SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV & AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Gilead Sci, Foster City, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Comparat Med, Davis, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol Biosci, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4-5 MA 40 BP 301 EP 302 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 196LJ UT WOS:000248482700054 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG Otten, R Qari, S Jackson, E Cong, ME Masciotra, S Lipscomb, J Johnson, J Luo, W Kim, C Adams, D Bashirian, S Monsour, M Delinsky, D Schinazi, R Janssen, R Folks, T Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo Otten, Ron Qari, Shoukat Jackson, Eddie Cong, Mian-er Masciotra, Silvina Lipscomb, Jonathan Johnson, Jeffrey Luo, Wei Kim, Caryn Adams, Debra Bashirian, Sheila Monsour, Michael Delinsky, David Schinazi, Raymond Janssen, Robert Folks, Thomas Heneine, Walid TI Prevention of rectal SHIV transmission in macaques by FTC or tenofovir/FTC combination SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, VA Med Ctr, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4-5 MA 42 BP 302 EP 303 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 196LJ UT WOS:000248482700056 ER PT J AU Subbarao, S Ramos, A Kim, C Adams, D Monsour, M Butera, S Folks, T Otten, R AF Subbarao, Shambavi Ramos, Artur Kim, Caryn Adams, Debra Monsour, Michael Butera, Sal Folks, Tom Otten, Ron TI Direct comparison of an anti-HIV intervention using two macaque models (single-high vs. repeat-low) of mucosal HIV transmission SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CCID, NCHHSTP, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDs Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4-5 MA 41 BP 302 EP 302 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 196LJ UT WOS:000248482700055 ER PT J AU Rajam, G Jackson, D Pilishvili, T Whitney, CG Facklam, RR Carlone, GM Romero-Steiner, S AF Rajam, Gowrisankar Jackson, Delois Pilishvili, Tamara Whitney, Cynthia G. Facklam, Richard R. Carlone, George M. Romero-Steiner, Sandra TI An in vitro model to assess pneumococcal adherence to nasopharyngeal cells under competition conditions SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE competitive adherence; in vitro adherence; nasopharyngeal cells; Streptococcus pneumoniae ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; COLONIAL MORPHOLOGY; MULTIPLE SEROTYPES; VIRULENCE FACTORS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PHASE VARIATION; UNITED-STATES; OTITIS-MEDIA; CARRIAGE AB Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) reduces invasive disease and carriage caused by vaccine scrotypes (VS). An increase in carriage and disease with non-vaccine serotypes (NVS) has been observed. We have developed an in vitro model with human nasopharyngeal (NP) epithelia] cells (Detroit 562) to assess the adherence capacity of Streptococcus pneumoniae to NP cells in the presence or absence of a competing Pnc strain. Two hundred and fifty pneumococcal (Pnc) strains (10 strains per serotype for 7 VS and 18 NVS) were tested for their opacity phenotype. Strains exhibiting (>= 50%) the transparent phenotype (n = 72) were evaluated for their adherence capacity to Detroit 562 cells. Mean adherence capacity (>= 129 CFU/well) to NP cells was high for VS 18C, 4, and 9V and for NVS 16F, I OA, and 6A. In the in vitro competition experiments, VS strains out-competed (42/108) or co-existed (43/108) with NVS strains for adherence to NP cells in most co-inoculations. By contrast, NVS (15C, 16F, 3 1, and 35B) out-competed with VS in only 9 of 108 co-inoculations. Serotype 16F out-competed or co-existed with some VS and NVS strains. This model may be used to identify Pnc strains of a given serotype with competitive potentials for replacement of VS in the nasopharynx and to screen Pnc strains for animal colonization models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Sect, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Romero-Steiner, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Sect, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, 18 B-105,MS A-36,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SSteiner@cdc.gov OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.04.008 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 197AB UT WOS:000248523900001 PM 17512994 ER PT J AU Yoshida, C Franklin, K Konczy, P McQuiston, JR Fields, PI Nash, JH Taboada, EN Rahn, K AF Yoshida, Catherine Franklin, Kristyn Konczy, Paulina McQuiston, John R. Fields, Patricia I. Nash, John H. Taboada, Ed N. Rahn, Kris TI Methodologies towards the development of an oligonucleotide microarray for determination of Salmonella serotypes SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE microarray; Salmonella; serotyping ID IDENTIFICATION AB A DNA-based microarray designed to detect somatic (0) and flagellar (H) antigens present in the five most commonly isolated Salmonella serovars within Canada was developed as an alternative to the traditional Kauffmann-White serotyping scheme currently used to serotype salmonellae. Short oligonucleotide probes were designed based on publicly available sequence data of selected genes responsible for O and H antigen biosynthesis. These targets included: antigen-specific sequences within the flagella (H) antigen phase 1 (fliC) and phase 2 (fljB) genes and somatic (0) antigen biosynthesis genes within the rjb cluster (Groups B-rfbJ, C1-wbaA, C2- rfbJ, D1-rjbS). A prototype microarray with 117 0 and H antigen-specific probes and controls was used to assess probe performance against two pools of gene target PCR amplicons. A set of 31 of these antigen-specific probes (8 O and 23 H) with high specific signal and low non-specific signal were selected based on t-test (p-value < 0.01) and 1092 ratio distribution analysis to create a prototype microarray. The microarray was tested against 16 Salmonella strains of known serotype. Based on the strains tested in this study, these probes successfully identified and differentiated I I of the 12 antigens targeted. The prototype DNA-based typing microarray described here has the potential to be an automated alternative to the traditional antigen-antibody serotyping scheme currently used for Salmonella. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Lab Foodborne Zoonoses, Guelph, ON N1G 3W4, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Lab Foodborne Zoonoses, Lethbridge, AB T1J 3Z4, Canada. RP Yoshida, C (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Lab Foodborne Zoonoses, 110 Stone Rd W, Guelph, ON N1G 3W4, Canada. EM catherine_yoshida@phac-aspc.gc.ca OI Taboada, Eduardo/0000-0001-8373-3653 NR 15 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.04.018 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 197AB UT WOS:000248523900006 PM 17555834 ER PT J AU Lee, E Feigley, CE Khan, J Hussey, JR AF Lee, Eungyoung Feigley, Charles E. Khan, Jamil Hussey, James R. TI The effect of worker's location, orientation, and activity on exposure SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE breathing zone concentration (BZC); moving worker; personal exposure; worker activity; worker location; worker orientation ID DISPLACEMENT VENTILATED ROOMS; EXHAUST LOCATIONS; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; CONTAMINANT; AIR; INLET AB The impact of a worker's location, orientation, and activity was studied in an experimental room (2.86 m x 2.35 m x 2.86 m) at known flow rates of 5.5 m(3)/min and 3.3 m(3)/min. A person in the room, wearing a full-facepiece, air-supplied respirator represented a worker Propylene tracer gas was emitted at a constant rate from a 1-m pedestal at the center of the room and a continuous air sample was drawn from a point midway between the worker's mouth and nose. Breathing zone concentration (BZC) was monitored at 12 worker locations within the room for a stationary, worker. At each location, BZCs were measured separately for four worker orientations: east, west, south, and north. BZCs of a walking worker were also monitored along the path defined by the 12 worker locations used in the stationary experiments. In a separate set Of experiments, area concentration was monitored to see whether the worker's activity disturbed the contaminant concentrations at a fixed sampling point located behind the source looking from the direction of air inlet (location: 1.34 m, 1.20 m, 0.45 m). The,following average differences in BZC over the 12 fixed locations were observed: 43% higher for near-field than for far-field locations; 20% higher when the worker was facing the source than when facing away (p-values for all four conditions: < 0.033), and 30% higher for a moving worker than for a stationary worker (p-values for all four conditions: < 0.01). When the worker was walking, the concentration tit the fixed area sampling point was generally lower than the area concentration when the worker was absent or stationary in the room, possibly due to greater mixing of room air by the worker's movement. Because a worker's activities may be irregular and complicated, incorporating them as parameters in mathematical models is often not feasible. Instead, these findings may be used to assess uncertainty or adjust exposure estimates from simple models. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Lee, E (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowadale Rd,M-S 3030, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM DTQ5@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 4 IS 8 BP 572 EP 582 DI 10.1080/15459620701455197 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 190TO UT WOS:000248083700005 PM 17562469 ER PT J AU Glaser, R Kurimo, R Shulman, S AF Glaser, Robert Kurimo, Robert Shulman, Stanley TI Performance testing of NIOSH Method 5524/ASTM Method D-7049-04, for determination of metalworking fluids SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE ASTM Method D-7049-04; limits of detection and quantitation; metalworking fluids; NIOSH Method 5524; performance evaluation; storability ID PROVISIONAL AMERICAN SOCIETY; MATERIALS ASTM METHOD; SOLVENT BLEND; EVAPORATION; SAMPLES AB A performance test of NIOSH Method 5524/ASTM Method D-7049-04 for analysis of metalworking fluids (MWF) was conducted. These methods involve determination of the total and extractable weights of MWF samples; extractions are performed using a ternary blend of toluene: dichloromethane:methanol and a binary blend of methanol:water. Six laboratories participated in this study. A preliminary analysis of 20 blank samples was made to familiarize the laboratories with the procedure(s) and to estimate the methods' limits of detection/quantitation (LODs/LOQs). Synthetically generated samples of a semisynthetic MWF aerosol were then collected on tared polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters and analyzed according to the methods by all participants. Sample masses deposited (similar to 400-500 mu g) corresponded to amounts expected in an 8-hr shift at the NIOSH recommended exposure levels (REL) of 0.4 mg/m(3) (thoracic) and 0.5 mg/m(3) (total particulate). The generator output was monitored with a calibrated laser particle counter. One laboratory significantly underreported the sampled masses relative to the other five labs. A follow-up study compared only gravimetric results of this laboratory with those of two other labs. In the preliminary analysis of blanks; the average LOQs were 0.094 mg for the total weight analysis and 0.136 mg for the extracted weight analyses. For the six-lab study, the average LOQs were 0.064 mg for the total weight analyses and 0.067 mg for the extracted weight analyses. Using ASTM conventions, h and k statistics were computed to determine the degree of consistency of each laboratory with the others. One laboratory experienced problems with precision but not bias. The precision estimates for the remaining five labs were not different statistically (alpha = 0.005) for either the total or extractable weights. For all six labs, the average fraction extracted was >= 0.94 (CV = 0.025). Pooled estimates of the total coefficients of variation of analysis were 0.13 for the total weight samples and 0.13 for the extracted weight samples. An overall method bias of -5% was determined by comparing the overall mean concentration reported by the participants to that determined by the particle counter In the three-lab follow-up study, the nonconsistent lab reported results that were unbiased but statistically less precise than the others; the average LOQ was 0.133 mg for the total weight analyses. It is concluded that aerosolized MWF sampled at concentrations corresponding to either of the NIOSH RELs can generally be shipped unrefrigerated, stored refrigerated up to 7 days, and then analyzed quantitatively and precisely for MWF using the NIOSH/ASTM procedures. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Glaser, R (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rag3@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 4 IS 8 BP 583 EP 595 DI 10.1080/15459620701473281 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 190TO UT WOS:000248083700006 PM 17577749 ER PT J AU Blade, LM Yencken, MS Wallace, ME Catalano, JD Khan, A Topmiller, JL Shulman, SA Martinez, A Crouch, KG Bennett, JS AF Blade, L. M. Yencken, M. Story Wallace, M. E. Catalano, J. D. Khan, A. Topmiller, J. L. Shulman, S. A. Martinez, A. Crouch, K. G. Bennett, J. S. TI Hexavalent chromium exposures and exposure-control technologies in American enterprise: Results of a NIOSH field research study SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE chromium; engineering controls; exposure assessment; exposure controls; field study; hexavalent chromium AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted 21 field surveys it selected industries to characterize workers' exposures to hexavalent chromium-containing airborne particulate and to evaluate existing technologies for controlling these exposures. Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is a respiratory irritant and chronic inhalation may cause lung cancer. Primary evaluation methods included collection of full work shift, personal breathing-zone (PBZ) air samples for Cr(VI), measurement of ventilation system parameters, and documentation of processes and work practices. This study emphasized evaluation of engineering exposure control measures, so PBZ exposures were measured on the outside of personal protective equipment, for example, respirators. Field surveys were conducted in two chromium electroplating facilities, including one where full-shift PBZ exposures to Cr(VI) ranged from 3.0 to 16 times the 1 mu g/m(3) NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL) despite several engineering controls on the plating tanks. At a painting and coating facility that used Cr(VI)-containing products, full-shift exposures of painters and helpers (2.4 to 55 mu g/m(3)) exceeded the REL, but LEV effectiveness was limited. Other operations evaluated included welding in construction; metal cutting operations on chromium-containing materials in ship breaking; chromate-paint removal with abrasive blasting; atomized alloy-spray coating; foundry operations; printing; and the manufacture of refractory brick, colored glass, prefabricated concrete products, and treated wood products. NIOSH researchers concluded that, in many of the evaluated processes, Cr(VI) exposures at or below the current NIOSH REL are achievable. However, for some processes, it is nuclear whether controlling exposures to this range is consistently achievable without respirator use. Some operations involving the application of coatings and finishes may be among those most difficult to control to this range. Most operations judged to be moderately difficult to control to this range involve joining and cutting metals with relatively high chromium content. Nonetheless, exposures in a wide variety of other processes were judged more easily controllable to the current REL or below, or were found to be minimal, including some operations meeting the general descriptions named above but with different specific operating parameters producing lower Cr(VI) exposures. C1 NIOSH, CDC, DARTEPHB, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res, Seattle, WA USA. Battelle Ctr Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Blade, LM (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, DARTEPHB, Robert A Taft Labs, MS-R5,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM lmbl@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 4 IS 8 BP 596 EP 618 DI 10.1080/15459620701463183 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 190TO UT WOS:000248083700007 PM 17577750 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Rogers, TE Dasch, GA AF Reeves, Will K. Rogers, Thomas E. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Bartonella and Rickettsia from fleas (Siphonaptera : Ceratophyllidae) of prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) from the western United States SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; STRAINS; PLAGUE; FEVER AB Fleas of prairie dogs have been implicated in the transmission of Bartonella spp. We used PCR to test DNA extracts from 47 fleas of prairie dogs from 6 states. We amplified DNA from 5 unique genotypes of Bartonella spp. and 1 Rickettsia sp. from 12 fleas collected in North Dakota, Oklahoma, Texas, and Wyoming. Sequences from the Bartonella spp. were similar, but not identical, to those from prairie dogs and their fleas in Colorado. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), 4757 Habersham Ridge SW, Lilburn, GA 30047 USA. EM wreeves@alumni.clemson.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 93 IS 4 BP 953 EP 955 DI 10.1645/GE-1111R1.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 212RB UT WOS:000249613400040 PM 17918386 ER PT J AU Bevans, K Bradshaw, C Miech, R Leaf, P AF Bevans, Katherine Bradshaw, Catherine Miech, Richard Leaf, Philip TI Staff- and school-level predictors of school organizational health: A multilevel analysis SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE environmental health; mental health; violence; injury prevention ID COLLECTIVE EFFICACY; CLIMATE; PERCEPTIONS; CRIME; MODEL AB Background: An organizationally healthy school environment is associated with favorable student and staff outcomes and thus is often targeted by school improvement initiatives. However, few studies have differentiated staff-level from school-level predictors of organizational health. Social disorganization theory suggests that school-level factors, such as faculty turnover, student mobility, and concentration of student poverty, would be negatively associated with school organizational health, but these relationships may be moderated by staff-level factors. Methods: The present study examined the association among school- and staff-level predictors of staff-perceived school organizational health (eg, academic emphasis, collegial leadership, and staff affiliation), as measured by the Organizational Health Inventory. Results: Multilevel analyses on data from 1395 staff across 37 elementary schools indicated that school membership accounted for between 26% and 35% of the variance in different components of staff-perceived organizational health. Two-level hierarchical analyses indicated that both school- and staff-level characteristics are important predictors of organizational health. Furthermore, some school and staff characteristics interacted to predict staff affiliation and collegial leadership. Conclusions: Findings suggest that factors at both the school and staff level are important potential targets for school improvement. Administrators aiming to improve relationships among staff members should be cognizant of staff-level characteristics (race, age, and role in school) associated with less favorable perceptions of the school environment, whereas efforts to enhance student work ethic and discipline should target schools with specific school-level characteristics (high rates of faculty turnover and student mobility). C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Hlth & Social Behav, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Hlth & Behav Sci, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Bevans, K (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 34th & Civ Ctr Blvd,CHOP N,Room 1584, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM bevans@email.chop.edu; cbradsha@jhsph.edu; Richard.Miech@cudenver.edu; pleaf@jhsph.edu RI Miech, Richard/B-3170-2016 OI Miech, Richard/0000-0002-2722-3277 FU NCIPC CDC HHS [1 U49CE000728]; NIMH NIH HHS [1 R01 MH67948-1A, T32 MH19545-11]; PHS HHS [R49/CCR318627] NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD AUG PY 2007 VL 77 IS 6 BP 294 EP 302 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00210.x PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 183OH UT WOS:000247581600002 PM 17600586 ER PT J AU Wylie-Rosett, J Albright, AA Apovian, C Clark, NG Delahanty, L Franz, MJ Hoogwerf, B Kulkarni, K Lichtenstein, AH Mayer-Davis, E Mooradian, AD Wheeler, M AF Wylie-Rosett, Judith Albright, Ann A. Apovian, Caroline Clark, Nathaniel G. Delahanty, Linda Franz, Marion J. Hoogwerf, Byron Kulkarni, Karmeen Lichtenstein, Alice H. Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth Mooradian, Arshag D. Wheeler, Madelyn TI 2006-2007 American Diabetes Association nutrition recommendations: Issues for practice translation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE DIET; GLYCEMIC INDEX; WEIGHT-LOSS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; BARIATRIC SURGERY; OBESE ADULTS C1 Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Hlth Serv, Calif Diabet Program, San Francisco, CA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Novo Nordisk Inc, Diabet Clin Res & Med Affairs, Princeton, NJ USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Diabet, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Nutr Concepts Franz Inc, Minneapolis, MN USA. Cleveland Clin, Dept Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Abbott Diabet Care, Sci Affairs, Alameda, CA USA. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Med, Jacksonville, FL USA. Nutr Comp Concepts, Res Nutr, Zionville, IN USA. RP Wylie-Rosett, J (reprint author), Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, 1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM jwrosett@aecom.yu.edu OI Apovian, Caroline/0000-0002-8029-1922 NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 107 IS 8 BP 1296 EP 1304 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.05.009 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 197TE UT WOS:000248578600007 PM 17659893 ER PT J AU Lemire, SW Ash, DH Johnson, RC Barr, JR AF Lemire, Sharon W. Ash, Doris H. Johnson, Rudolph C. Barr, John R. TI Mass spectral behavior of the hydrolysis products of sesqui- and oxy-mustard type chemical warfare agents in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR MUSTARD; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; URINARY METABOLITES; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; GAS; IDENTIFICATION; FATE; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE AB Bis(2-hydroxyethylthio)alkanes and bis(2-hydroxyethylthioalkyl)ethers are important biological and environmental degradation products of sulfur mustard analogs known as sesqui- and oxy-mustards. We used atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI MS) to acquire characteristic spectra of these compounds in positive and negative ionization modes. Positive APCI mass spectra exhibited [M + H](+); negative APCI MS generated [M + O(2)](-), [M - H](-), and [M - 3H](-); and both positive and negative APCI mass spectra contained fragment ions due to in-source collision-induced dissociation. Product ion scans confirmed the origin of fragment ions observed in single-stage MS. Although the spectra of these compounds were very similar, positive and negative APCI mass spectra of the oxy-mustard hydrolysis product, bis(2-hydroxyethylthiomethyl)ether, differed from the spectra of the other compounds in a manner that suggested a rearrangement to the sesqui-mustard hydrolysis product, bis(2-hydroxyethylthio)methane. We evaluated the [M + 021 adduct ion for quantification via liquid chromatography-MS/MS in the multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode by constructing calibration curves from three precursor/product ion transitions for all the analytes. Analytical figures of merit generated from the calibration curves indicated the stability and suitability of these transitions for quantification at concentrations in the low ng/mL range. Thus, we are the first to propose a quantitative method predicated on the measurement of product ions generated from the superoxide adduct anion of the sesqui-and oxy-mustard hydrolysis products. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lemire, SW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, MS-F44,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SLemire@CDC.GOV NR 43 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1364 EP 1374 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.04.016 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 198CD UT WOS:000248603700002 PM 17533136 ER PT J AU Sambhara, S Bridges, CB Poland, GA AF Sambhara, Suryaprakash Bridges, Carolyn B. Poland, Gregory A. TI HSN1 vaccine hits the target, but not the bull's eye SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID INFLUENZA-A H5N1; AVIAN INFLUENZA; IMMUNOGENICITY; SAFETY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Mayo Vaccine Res Grp, Program Translat Immunovirol & Biodef, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Rochester, MN USA. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM poland.gregory@mayo.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 7 IS 8 BP 503 EP 505 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70167-6 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 195KD UT WOS:000248410200006 PM 17646023 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, B Gerner-Smidt, P AF Swaminathan, Bala Gerner-Smidt, Peter TI The epidemiology of human listeriosis SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Listeriosis; Listeria monocytogenes; epidemiology ID ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; INVASIVE LISTERIOSIS; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MONOCYTOGENES; GASTROENTERITIS; MILK; MEAT; FOOD; RESISTANCE AB Listeriosis is a serious invasive disease that primarily afflicts pregnant women, neonates and immunocompromised adults. The causative organism, Listeria monocytogenes, is primarily transmitted to humans through contaminated foods. Outbreaks of listeriosis have been reported in North America, Europe and Japan. Soft cheeses made from raw milk and ready-to-eat meats are high risk foods for susceptible individuals. Efforts by food processors and food regulatory agencies to aggressively control L. monocytogenes in the high risk foods have resulted in significant decreases in the incidence of sporadic listeriosis. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swaminathan, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM balas7780@gmail.com NR 35 TC 438 Z9 467 U1 12 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1236 EP 1243 DI 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.05.011 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 223KK UT WOS:000250368800011 PM 17720602 ER PT J AU Looker, AC AF Looker, Anne C. TI Do body fat and exercise modulate vitamin D status? SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vitamin D and Cancer - Current Dilemas/Future Needs CY MAY 07-08, 2007 CL NIH, Bethesda, MD HO NIH ID D-ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BONE METABOLISM; D DEFICIENCY; MASS INDEX; OBESITY; WOMEN; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; POPULATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4310, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM acl1@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMER PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 65 IS 8 BP S124 EP S126 PN 2 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 203SY UT WOS:000248995500016 PM 17867388 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Yazdy, MM Carmichael, SL Jamieson, DJ Canfield, MA Honein, MA AF Rasmussen, Sonja A. Yazdy, Mahsa M. Carmichael, Suzan L. Jamieson, Denise J. Canfield, Mark A. Honein, Margaret A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Maternal thyroid disease as a risk factor for craniosynostosis SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual DW Smith Workshop on Malformations and Morphogenesis CY SEP 08-13, 2006 CL Lake Arrowhead, CA ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; GRAVES-DISEASE; PREMATURE CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS; NEONATAL THYROTOXICOSIS; STIMULATING ANTIBODY; PREGNANCY; HYPERTHYROIDISM; COMPLICATION; FETAL; GUIDELINES AB Objective: To study the relationship between maternal thyroid disease and craniosynostosis using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multisite, case-control study. Methods: Case infants (n=431) were identified through population-based birth defects surveillance systems at eight sites and had craniosynostosis verified by radiographic imaging. Control infants (n=4,094) consisted of a random sample of live births with no major birth defects from the same population as the case infants. Information on thyroid disease was based on self-report: mothers who reported either a thyroid disorder or use of a medication to treat a thyroid disorder during pregnancy were considered to have thyroid disease. Using an unconditional logistic regression model, we considered potential confounding factors (maternal age, race or ethnicity, smoking, body mass index, preexisting diabetes, plurality, gravidity, family history, infant sex). Results: Among case mothers, 19 (4.4%) were classified as having thyroid disease, compared with 65 (1.6%) of control mothers. Maternal thyroid disease was associated with craniosynostosis after controlling for maternal age (adjusted odds ratio 2.47, 95% confidence interval 1.46-4.18), the only factor that remained significant in the final model. Conclusion: These data provide additional evidence that maternal thyroid disease (most likely Graves' disease) or its treatment is associated with craniosynostosis. Given the frequency of maternal thyroid disease, this association warrants further investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ORISE Fellowship Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, March Dimes Birth Defect Fdn, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skr9@cdc.gov RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; OI Yazdy, Mahsa/0000-0002-7415-5350; Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 110 IS 2 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000270157.88896.76 PN 1 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 193QY UT WOS:000248290500021 PM 17666613 ER PT J AU Lederman, ER Austin, C Trevino, I Reynolds, MG Swanson, H Cherry, B Ragsdale, J Dunn, J Meidl, S Zhao, H Li, Y Pue, H Damon, IK AF Lederman, Edith R. Austin, Connie Trevino, Ingrid Reynolds, Marv G. Swanson, Holly Cherry, Bryan Ragsdale, Jennifer Dunn, John Meidl, Susan Zhao, Hui Li, Yu Pue, Howard Damon, Inger K. TI Orf virus infection in children: Clinical characteristics, transmission, diagnostic methods, and future therapeutics SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE orf; parapoxvirus; diagnosis; treatment; risk factor; epidemiology ID MILKERS NODULE; ECTHYMA CONTAGIOSUM; CIDOFOVIR CREAM; VACCINATION; ZOONOSES; PATIENT; SHEEP; DOG AB Orf virus leads to self-limited, subacute cutaneous infections in children who have occupational or recreational contact wit infected small ruminants. Breaches in the integument and contact with animals recently vaccinated for orf may be important risk factors in transmission. Common childhood behaviors are likely important factors in the provocation of significant contact (ie, bites) or in unusual lesion location (eg, facial lesions). Clinician recognition is important in distinguishing orf infection from life-threatening cutaneous zoonoses. Recently developed molecular techniques provide diagnostic precision and newer topical therapeutics may hasten healing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus Program, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Old Harding Pediat Clin, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Career Epidemiol Field Officer Program, Div State & Local readiness, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv Sect, Nashville, TN USA. Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MO USA. RP Lederman, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus Program, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-G 43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM erlederman@yahoo.com NR 40 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 740 EP 744 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31806211bf PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 198SJ UT WOS:000248647500014 PM 17848888 ER PT J AU Christie, LJ Honarmand, S Talkington, DF Gavali, SS Preas, C Pan, CY Yagi, S Glaser, CA AF Christie, Laura J. Honarmand, Somayeh Talkington, Deborah F. Gavali, Shilpa S. Preas, Chris Pan, Chao-Yang Yagi, Shigeo Glaser, Carol A. TI Pediatric encephalitis: What is the role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma pneumoniae; encephalitis; pediatric ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM COMPLICATIONS; ACUTE CHILDHOOD ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; SERODIAGNOSIS; ETIOLOGIES; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; VIRUSES AB Background. Encephalitis is a complex, debilitating, and sometimes fatal neurologic condition to which children are especially prone. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a common respiratory pathogen, has been implicated as an etiology of encephalitis. Evidence for recent or acute M pneumoniae infection has been demonstrated in limited studies of both pediatric and adult patients with encephalitis. Patients and Methods. Unexplained encephalitis cases are referred to the California Encephalitis Project for diagnostic testing. Serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and respiratory specimens are tested by polymerase chain reaction and serology methods for the presence of multiple pathogens, including M pneumoniae. M pneumonia associated cases of encephalitis were compared with other bacterial agents, herpes simplex virus 1, and enterovirus. Results. Of 1988 patients referred to the California Encephalitis Project, evidence of acute M pneumoniae infection was found in 111 patients, of which 84 (76%) were pediatric patients. Eighty percent of the 84 patients were positive for M pneumoniae by serology alone. Cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction for M pneumoniae was rarely positive (2%). Patients with M pneumoniae-associated pediatric encephalitis were a median of 11 years old, progressed rapidly (median: 2 days from onset to hospitalization), and were often in the ICU (55%). Symptoms included fever (70%), lethargy (68%), and altered consciousness (58%). Gastrointestinal (45%) and respiratory (44%) symptoms were less common. Compared with patients with other bacterial as well as viral agents, patients with M pneumoniae-associated encephalitis had fewer seizures and less-severe hospital courses. Conclusions. M pneumoniae is the most common agent implicated in the California Encephalitis Project. Patients with M pneumoniae-associated encephalitis are predominantly pediatric, and their presentations are clinically similar to enterovirus encephalitis, although they frequently require intensive care with prolonged hospitalizations. Given that M pneumoniae infection is found more than any other pathogen, increased emphasis should be placed on elucidating the role and mechanism of M pneumoniae in encephalitis. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Food Borne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Enter Dis Lab Preparedness Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Christie, LJ (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM lchristi@dhs.ca.gov FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU915546-09] NR 30 TC 64 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 120 IS 2 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-0240 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 196SY UT WOS:000248503500007 PM 17671056 ER PT J AU Fairbrother, G Broder, K Staat, MA Schwartz, B Heubi, C Hiratzka, S Walker, FJ Morrow, AL AF Fairbrother, Gerry Broder, Karen Staat, Mary Allen Schwartz, Benjamin Heubi, Christine Hiratzka, Shannon Walker, Frances J. Morrow, Ardythe L. TI Pediatricians adherence to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine shortage recommendations in 2 national shortages SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies/Society-of-Pediatric-Research CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediat Acad Soc, Soc Pediat Res DE immunization; vaccine shortage; heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ID UNITED-STATES; RESPONSE RATES; PHYSICIANS AB Objectives. The goals were (1) to compare pediatricians' heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine shortage experience and adherence to shortage recommendations during 2 heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine shortages, (2) to assess factors associated with nonadherence to second shortage recommendations, and (3) to assess opinions about national immunization policy during vaccine shortages. Methods. We mailed surveys to all pediatrician immunization providers in the greater Cincinnati, Ohio, metropolitan area. We assessed heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine supply and immunization practices during the shortages and provider attitudes regarding immunization shortage policy. Results. The response rate was 61% (171 of 282 providers). Most pediatricians experienced heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine shortages (first shortage: 86%; second shortage: 84%). The rate of adherence to recommendations to defer the fourth heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dose for healthy children was significantly higher during the second shortage, compared with the first shortage (first shortage: 62%; second shortage: 89%). Adherence to recommendations to administer the fourth dose to high-risk children remained unchanged (first shortage: 43%; second shortage: 45%). Controlling for other factors, pediatricians who reported a severe second shortage had greater odds of not fully vaccinating high-risk children, compared with those who reported no shortage. Contrary to recommendations, many pediatricians did not maintain tracking systems during the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine shortages (first shortage: 37%; second shortage: 46%). Most pediatricians (91%) thought that national vaccine shortage recommendations were needed to protect them from liability. Conclusions. The rate of adherence to recommendations to defer heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine doses for healthy children increased significantly from the first shortage to the second shortage. The nonadherent practice of deferring the fourth dose for high-risk children was associated with more severe shortages and, potentially, an inability to vaccinate. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Vaccine Program Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Fairbrother, G (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, 3333 Burnet Ave,MLC 7014, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM gerry.fairbrother@cchmc.org FU PHS HHS [U38/CCU522352001] NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 120 IS 2 BP E401 EP E409 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-0359 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 196SY UT WOS:000248503500064 PM 17646354 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Bansil, P Posner, SF Johnson, C Jamieson, DJ AF Kourtis, Athena P. Bansil, Pooja Posner, Samuel F. Johnson, Christopher Jamieson, Denise J. TI Trends in hospitalizations of HIV-infected children and adolescents in the United States: Analysis of data from the 1994-2003 nationwide inpatient sample SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HIV; children; adolescents; hospitalizations; United States; Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project; diagnosis; trends ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; COMBINATION THERAPY; MORTALITY; RATES; AIDS; ADMISSIONS; DECLINE; COHORT; CARE AB Objective. The objective of this study was to describe trends in hospital use by HIV-infected children and adolescents in the United States in the 10 years from 1994 (before highly active antiretroviral therapy) to 2003 (widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy). Methods. Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database were used. The most frequent diagnoses were evaluated by year, and trends in hospitalizations for selected diagnoses and procedures were examined by multivariate logistic regression. Results. In 2003, there were an estimated 3419 hospitalizations of HIV-infected children who were 18 years or younger, compared with 11 785 such hospitalizations in 1994 (a 71% decrease). This decrease was more marked among infants and children who were younger than 5 years (94% for boys and 92% for girls) than among adolescents (decrease of 47% for boys and increase of 23% for girls 15-18 years of age). The inpatient fatality rate among HIV-infected children decreased from 5.0% in 1994 to 1.8% in 2003. The number of hospitalizations among HIV-infected children in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era decreased significantly compared with before highly active antiretroviral therapy (1994-1996) for Pneumocystis jiroveci, bacterial infection, or sepsis; fungal infection; encephalopathy; failure to thrive; and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. No significant change in the number of hospitalizations for Pneumococcus or cytomegalovirus was observed. Conclusions. Dramatic decreases in the number of hospitalizations among HIV-infected children occurred since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the United States. However, this trend is not seen in hospitalizations of adolescents, particularly girls. Hospitalizations for several HIV-related conditions are less frequent in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era, but for certain other conditions, the hospitalization burden remains high. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DRH, NCCDPHP, Koger Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Contracept Res & Dev Program, Arlington, VA USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DRH, NCCDPHP, Koger Ctr, K34,Woodcock Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 120 IS 2 BP E236 EP E243 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-3268 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 196SY UT WOS:000248503500045 PM 17606535 ER PT J AU Samandari, T Fiore, AE Negus, S Williams, JL Kuhnert, W McMahon, BJ Bell, BP AF Samandari, Taraz Fiore, Anthony E. Negus, Susan Williams, James L. Kuhnert, Wendi McMahon, Brian J. Bell, Beth P. TI Differences in response to a hepatitis B vaccine booster dose among Alaskan children and adolescents vaccinated during infancy SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B; vaccination adolescence; antibody; protective immunity ID LONG-TERM EFFICACY; 15-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; VIRUS-INFECTION; ANTIBODY; NATIVES; IMMUNOGENICITY; PROTECTION; IMMUNITY AB Background. The duration of protection provided by hepatitis B vaccination is unknown, but the presence of immune memory can be evaluated indirectly by measuring the immune response to a booster dose of vaccine. Methods. Participants included 74 adolescents (aged 11.7-14.9 years) who had received a plasma-derived 3-dose primary vaccine series and 138 adolescents (aged 10.0-14.7 years) and 166 children (aged 5.0-7.0 years) who received a recombinant 3-dose primary vaccine series. All were born to hepatitis B surface antigen negative mothers and had received the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 7 days of birth. The proportion of participants with serologic evidence of protective immunity (antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen >= 10 mIU/mL) at baseline (prebooster), the proportion who developed an anamnestic response (increase to >= 10 mIU/mL or at or more than fourfold increase in antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen to >= 10 mIU/ mL), and the geometric mean concentration by 1, 2, and 4 weeks after a 5- mu g recombinant vaccine booster dose were determined. Results. No participant had evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Overall, 99% of the group of children who received recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, 83% of the group of adolescents who received recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, and 69% of the group of adolescents who received the plasma-derived vaccine had an anamnestic response to a booster dose; among responders, the geometric mean concentration at 2 weeks postbooster was 3360 and 128 mIU/ mL among adolescents who received plasma-derived vaccine with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen >= 10 and < 10 mIU/ mL at baseline, respectively, compared with 1283 and 369 mIU/ mL among adolescents who received recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and 5091 and 696 mIU/ mL for children who received recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. The anamnestic response rate at 2 weeks postbooster among participants with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen >= 10 mIU/ mL at baseline was inversely associated with age; 97% of 5-year-olds responded compared with 60% of 14-year- olds. Conclusions. Although most participants responded to a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine, the significance of the increased proportion of nonresponses among older adolescents might indicate waning immune memory. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Sev, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Samandari, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Mailstop A22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afiore@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 120 IS 2 BP E373 EP E381 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-0131 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 196SY UT WOS:000248503500061 PM 17636112 ER PT J AU Dwyer, LL AF Dwyer, Lisa L. TI Polypharmacy among elderly US nursing home residents by race: Results from the 2004 national nursing home survey SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Long Term Care Stat Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 SU 2 MA 391 BP S185 EP S186 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 201GT UT WOS:000248820200391 ER PT J AU Haber, P Izurieta, H Patel, M Baggs, J Umesh, P AF Haber, Penina Izurieta, Hector Patel, Manish Baggs, James Umesh, Parashar TI Intussusception reports following RotaTeq (TM) vaccination: Vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS), 3/2006-02/2007 SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, ISO, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, CBER, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 SU 2 MA 128 BP S61 EP S62 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 201GT UT WOS:000248820200129 ER PT J AU McMahon, A Haber, P Belongia, E Pfeifer, D Caubel, P Shay, D Davis, R Braun, M AF McMahon, Ann Haber, Penina Belongia, Edward Pfeifer, Dina Caubel, Patrick Shay, David Davis, Robert Braun, Miles TI Tools for monitoring the safety and effectiveness of influenza vaccines during an influenza pandemic SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Sanofi Pasteur, Pharmacovigilance N Amer, Swiftwater, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 SU 2 MA 158 BP S76 EP S76 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 201GT UT WOS:000248820200159 ER PT J AU Young, B Baker, RK Ward, D Wood, KC Brooks, JT AF Young, Benjamin Baker, Rose K. Ward, Douglas Wood, Kathy C. Brooks, John T. TI Antiretroviral (ARV)-resistance testing and frequency of ARV resistance among ARV-naive patients in the HOPS cohort, 1999-2005 SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Div Gen Internal Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. Dupont Circle Phys Grp, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 SU 2 MA 304 BP S144 EP S145 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 201GT UT WOS:000248820200304 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Pamuk, ER AF Flegal, Katherine M. Pamuk, Elsie R. TI Interpreting trends estimated from national survey data SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kmf2@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD AUG-SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 115 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.06.011 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 218RP UT WOS:000250032900004 PM 17643479 ER PT J AU Chen, MP Macaluso, M Blackwell, R Galvao, L Kulczycki, A Diaz, J Jamieson, DJ Duerr, A AF Chen, Michael P. Macaluso, Maurizio Blackwell, Richard Galvao, Loren Kulczycki, Andrzej Diaz, Juan Jamieson, Denise J. Duerr, Ann TI Self-reported mechanical problems during condom use and semen exposure SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; FEMALE CONDOM; INTERCOURSE; FAILURE; EFFICACY; TRIALS AB Objectives/Goal: To compare self-reported condom use problems and objectively determined semen exposure in 2 populations. Study Design: Two randomized crossover trials in the United States and Brazil compared the failure rates of the female condom (FC) and male condom (MC). Participants used both condom types, completed condom-specific questionnaires to report problems, and collected precoital and postcoital samples of vaginal fluid. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) w as detected by immunoassay. Results: Problems with condom use were reported less frequently in the Brazilian study (rate difference: FC = 24%, P <0.0001, MC = 5%, P = 0.003). By contrast, the PSA detection rates were similar for both the FC and the MC (rate difference: FC = 2%, MC = 1%, not significant). These results suggest that the PSA detection rate was similar in the 2 study groups and that self-reported problems may be a less reliable measure of condom failure. Conclusions: Use of biomarkers of condom failure like PSA may help to strengthen the validity of studies promoting behavior change for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Ctr Urban Populat Hlth, Madison, WI 53201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Aurora Hlth Care Partnership, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nursing, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Populat Council, Campinas, Brazil. HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, WA USA. RP Macaluso, M (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MMacaluso@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 34 IS 8 BP 557 EP 562 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000258487.38309.b9 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 193PT UT WOS:000248287200007 PM 17417133 ER PT J AU Spindler, HH Scheer, S Chen, SY Klausner, JD Katz, MH Valleroy, LA Schwarcz, SK AF Spindler, Hilary H. Scheer, Susan Chen, Sanny Y. Klausner, Jeffrey D. Katz, Mitchell H. Valleroy, Linda A. Schwarcz, Sandra K. TI Wagra, methamphetamine, and HIV risk: Results from a probability sample of MSM, San Francisco SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT PDE-5 Inhibition and HIV Risk - Current Concepts and Controversites CY SEP 26-27, 2005 CL Potomac, MD ID BISEXUAL MEN; SEXUAL RISK; VIAGRA USE; GAY; DEPENDENCE; EPIDEMIC; BEHAVIOR; COHORT AB Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors of Viagra use in combination with crystal methamphetamine and its association with HIV risk behavior in a probability sample of men who have sex with men (MSM). Study Design: A cross-sectional, random-digit dial telephone survey of MSM in San Francisco conducted between June 2002 and January 2003. Results: Of the 1976 MSM, 13.5% used Viagra alone, 7.1% used methamphetamine without Viagra, 9.6% used Viagra with a mood-altering substance (excluding methamphetamine), and 5.1% used Viagra with methamphetamine. Of the MSM using Viagra with methamphetamine, 57% were HIV-infected and 24% of these men reported serodiscordant unprotected insertive intercourse. Viagra used with methamphetamine was independently associated with a higher risk of serodiscordant unprotected insertive intercourse, serodiscordant unprotected receptive intercourse, and a recent diagnosis of a sexually transmitted disease. Conclusion: MSM who use Viagra with crystal methamphetamine have high prevalence rates of HIV and engage in HIV risk behaviors. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Spindler, HH (reprint author), 50 Beale St,Suite 1200, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM hilary.spindler@gmail.com FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU906255] NR 20 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 34 IS 8 BP 586 EP 591 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000258339.17325.93 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 193PT UT WOS:000248287200012 PM 17334264 ER PT J AU Golden, MR Hughes, JP Brewer, DD Holmes, KK Whittington, WLH Hogben, M Malinski, C Golding, A Handsfield, HH AF Golden, Matthew R. Hughes, James P. Brewer, Devon D. Holmes, King K. Whittington, William L. H. Hogben, Matthew Malinski, Cheryl Golding, Anne Handsfield, H. Hunter TI Evaluation of a population-based program of expedited partner therapy for gonorrhea and chlamydial infection SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PRIVATE-SECTOR; UNITED-STATES; SEX PARTNERS; NOTIFICATION; TRACHOMATIS; MANAGEMENT; PHYSICIANS; RECURRENT AB Objective: To evaluate a partner notification program for gonorrhea and chlamydial infection that involves communitywide access to free patient-delivered partner therapy (PDPT) and use of case-report forms to triage patients to receive partner notification assistance. Methods: We evaluated program components in randomly selected cases and compared outcomes before and after program institution. Results: Following institution of the program, the percentage of cases who received PDPT from their diagnosing clinician increased from 5.6% to 16% (adjusted OR 3.2, 2.5-4.1). Among randomly selected cases, those referred to the health department via the case-report form were significantly more likely than nonreferred cases to have untreated sex partners (76% vs. 35%, OR 6.0, 95% CI 4.5-8.0), to accept PDPT from the health department (36% vs. 14%, 3.3, 95% CI 2.4-4.7), and to request that health department staff notify a partner for them (11% vs. 3%, OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.8-6.7). The percentage of cases classified as having all of their partners treated increased from 39% to 65% concurrent with institution of the program. Conclusions: A public health program that promotes routine use of PDPT and referral of selected patients for partner notification assistance appears to have improved partner notification outcomes. C1 Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Interdisciplinary Sci Res, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Golden, MR (reprint author), Harborview Med Ctr, Ctr AIDS & STD, Box 359777,325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM golden@u.washington.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI01846] NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 34 IS 8 BP 598 EP 603 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000258319.54316.06 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 193PT UT WOS:000248287200014 PM 17413683 ER PT J AU Barry, PM Kent, CK Scott, KC Snell, A Goldenson, J Klausner, JD AF Barry, Pennan M. Kent, Charlotte K. Scott, Katherine C. Snell, Ameera Goldenson, Joseph Klausner, Jeffrey D. TI Optimising sexually transmitted infection screening in correctional facilities: San Francisco, 2003-5 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID DISEASES AB Objectives: Sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening in correctional facilities provides access to people at high risk for STIs who might not be screened elsewhere. These screening programmes are becoming more widespread, but with decreasing funding for STI control, maximising screening impact has become increasingly important. We aimed to make recommendations about the impact of age and sex targeted screening in correctional facilities. Methods: We compared the prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea for January 2003-July 2005 among different age groups of females and males screened in San Francisco correctional facilities-youth detention (12-17 years) and adult jail (18-35 years). Results: 16 975 chlamydia tests and 13 443 gonorrhoea tests were performed. The age specific chlamydia test positivity among females aged 12-17 years, 18-25 years, and 26-30 years, respectively, was 9.6% (105/1092), 9.4% (196/2088), and 6.3% (40/639), compared with 3.3% (100/3065), 6.2% (400/6470), and 3.9% (118/3046) among males. The age specific gonorrhoea test positivity among females in these same age groups was 3.2% (34/1062), 2.7% (57/2082), and 2.4% (15/635), compared with 0.7% (7/1026), 1.2% (67/5507), and 1.0% (25/2555) among males. Of the 1198 STIs identified, 1020 (85.1%) were treated. Conclusions: On the basis of this report and national data, STI control programmes with limited funds should prioritise screening females in youth detention first, women aged <= 30 years in adult jail second, and men aged <= 25 years in adult jail third. Males in youth detention should have a lower priority than young adults in jails. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Barry, PM (reprint author), 1360 Miss St,Suite 401, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. EM pennanbarry@gmail.com NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 83 IS 5 BP 416 EP 418 DI 10.1136/sti.2007.024992 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 199JM UT WOS:000248692000018 PM 17567685 ER PT J AU Thomsen, SC Gallo, MF Ombidi, W Omungo, Z Janowitz, B Hawken, M Tucker, H Wong, EL Hobbs, MM AF Thomsen, Sarah C. Gallo, Maria F. Ombidi, Wilkister Omungo, Zablon Janowitz, Barbara Hawken, Mark Tucker, Heidi Wong, Emelita L. Hobbs, Marcia M. TI Randomised controlled trial on whether advance knowledge of prostate-specific antigen testing improves participant reporting of unprotected sex SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID CONDOM FAILURE AB Objectives: To determine whether the process of informing research participants that they would be tested for the presence of a biological marker of semen exposure would reduce bias in their reports of unprotected sex. Methods: A randomised trial of 210 female sex workers from Mombasa, Kenya, was conducted, where half the group had advance knowledge (via the request for informed consent) that they would be tested for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in their vaginal fluid before they reported on sex and condom use for the past 48 h. The other half were invited to participate (via additional informed consent) in the test for PSA after they had already consented to be questioned and reported on these sexual behaviours. A trained nurse instructed participants to self-swab to collect vaginal fluid specimens, which were tested for PSA using ELISA. Results: Reporting of unprotected sex did not differ between those with advance knowledge of the test for PSA and those without this knowledge (14.3% v 11.4%, respectively; p = 0.27). Surprisingly, more women with advance knowledge (15.8%) had discrepant self reports and PSA results than women without advance knowledge (9.1%); however, the difference was not statistically significant (OR 1.9; 95% CI 0.8 to 4.5). Conclusions: Knowing that one's answers to a questionnaire could be verified with a biological marker of semen exposure did not make respondents more likely to report unprotected sex. C1 Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Int Ctr Reprod Hlth, Mombasa, Kenya. Family Hlth Int, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Gallo, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mgallo@cdc.gov RI Thomsen, Sarah/D-4924-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI031496] NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 83 IS 5 BP 419 EP 420 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.022772 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 199JM UT WOS:000248692000019 PM 17135328 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Lipshutz, J Blanchard, J AF Aral, Sevgi O. Lipshutz, Judy Blanchard, James TI Drivers of STD/HIV epidemiology and the timing and targets of STD/HIV prevention SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV-INFECTION; DISPARITIES; TRANSMISSION; BEHAVIOR; SEX C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SAral@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 83 SU 1 BP I1 EP I4 DI 10.1136/sti.2007.027169 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 195SV UT WOS:000248432900001 PM 17664361 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW White, PJ AF Chesson, Harrell W. White, Peter J. TI Influence of epidemic phase on the cost effectiveness of a prevention intervention for sexually transmitted infection: an exploratory analysis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENTS; MASS TREATMENT; DISEASES; GONORRHEA; HIV; POPULATION; STRATEGIES; TRANSMISSION; ELIMINATION; DYNAMICS AB Objectives: To explore how the cost effectiveness of a behaviour-change prevention programme for sexually transmitted infection (STI) varies with the phase of an STI epidemic. Methods: A model of STI transmission and standard methods of cost-effectiveness analysis was used to examine the cost effectiveness of a hypothetical, behaviour-change intervention initiated at various phases of an STI epidemic. Results: The intervention was more cost effective when initiated in earlier phases of the epidemic rather than later phases, under a range of scenarios. However, the relative impact of the timing of the initiation of the STI prevention intervention on the cost effectiveness was quite small compared with other important factors, such as the cost and impact of the intervention and the lifetime medical cost of the STI. Conclusions: Earlier initiation of an intervention can improve the cost effectiveness of the intervention, although this result does not hold for all possible scenarios. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Fac Med, London, England. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hchesson@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 83 SU 1 BP I25 EP I29 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.023564 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 195SV UT WOS:000248432900004 PM 17314128 ER PT J AU Openshaw, JJ Swerdlow, DL AF Openshaw, John J. Swerdlow, David L. TI Human ehrlichiosis: Clinical and ecological challenges SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; UNITED-STATES; CHAFFEENSIS; IXODIDAE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVRD, NCZVED, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swerdlow, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVRD, NCZVED, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 8 BP 769 EP 770 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 199JO UT WOS:000248692200003 PM 17713299 ER PT J AU Waller, LA Zhu, L Gotway, CA Gorman, DM Gruenewald, PJ AF Waller, Lance A. Zhu, Li Gotway, Carol A. Gorman, Dennis M. Gruenewald, Paul J. TI Quantifying geographic variations in associations between alcohol distribution and violence: a comparison of geographically weighted regression and spatially varying coefficient models SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID ROUTINE ACTIVITIES; HOT-SPOTS; CRIME; AVAILABILITY; SIMULATION; COMPLEXITY; DYNAMICS; MATRICES AB Past studies consistently indicate measurable local associations between alcohol distribution and the incidence of violence. These results, coupled with measurements of spatial correlation, reveal the importance of spatial analysis in the study of the interaction of alcohol and violence. While studies increasingly incorporate spatial correlation among model residuals to improve precision and reduce bias, to date, most analyses assume associations that are constant and independent of location, an assumption coming under increasing scrutiny in the quantitative geography literature. In this paper, we review and contrast two approaches for the estimation of and inference for spatially heterogeneous effects (i.e., associative factors whose impacts on the outcome of interest vary throughout geographic space). Specifically, we provide an in-depth comparison of "geographically weighted regression" models (allowing covariate effects to vary in space but only allowing relatively ad hoc inference) with "variable coefficient" models (allowing varying effects via spatial random fields and providing model-based estimation and inference, but requiring more advanced computational techniques). We compare the approaches with respect to underlying conceptual structures, computational implementation, and inferential output. We apply both approaches to violent crime, illegal drug arrest, and alcohol distribution data from Houston, Texas and compare results in light of the differing methodological structures of the two approaches. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Prevent Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Waller, LA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM lwaller@sph.emory.edu NR 49 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 573 EP 588 DI 10.1007/s00477-007-0139-9 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 184QV UT WOS:000247657700011 ER PT J AU Young, LJ Gotway, CA AF Young, Linda J. Gotway, Carol A. TI Linking spatial data from different sources: the effects of change of support SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE spatial support; environmental health; geostatistics; tracking; surveillance ID CORRELATED BINARY REGRESSION; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; MODEL; INTERPOLATION; SYSTEMS; NITRATE; WATER AB A nationwide Environmental Public Health Tracking program is being created to monitor environmental impacts on human health. This, and many other efforts to relate environmental and health outcomes, depend largely on the synthesis of existing data sets; little new data are being generated for this purpose. More often than not, the data available for such synthesis have been collected for different geographic or spatial units, and any set of these units may be different from the one of interest. In this paper, we compare and contrast two approaches that can be used within a Geographic Information System to link spatial data from different sources. The first approach works with centroids of areal units and is commonly used in environmental health analyses. The second approach honors the spatial support (size, shape and orientation) of the data. Using traditional regression models and a spatially-varying coefficient regression model, we show that different linkage methods can lead to different inference. We describe key ideas pertaining to the support of spatial data that are often ignored in many analyses of environmental health data and present a general analytical approach to change-of-support problems. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Young, LJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM LJYoung@ufl.edu NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 EI 1436-3259 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 589 EP 600 DI 10.1007/s00477-007-0136-z PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 184QV UT WOS:000247657700012 ER PT J AU Ouma, PO Van Eijk, AM Hamel, MJ Sikuku, E Odhiambo, F Munguti, K Ayisi, JG Kager, PA Slutsker, L AF Ouma, P. O. Van Eijk, A. M. Hamel, M. J. Sikuku, E. Odhiambo, F. Munguti, K. Ayisi, J. G. Kager, P. A. Slutsker, L. TI The effect of health care worker training on the use of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy in rural western Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Malaria; pregnancy; sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; intermittent preventive treatment; training ID TREATED BED NETS; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; MALAWI; WOMEN; AREA; TRANSMISSION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; EFFICACY AB Background In 1998, Kenya adopted intermittent preventive treatment ( IPTp) with sulphadoxinepyrimethamine ( SP) for malaria prevention during pregnancy. We conducted a survey in 2002 among women who had recently delivered in the rural neighbouring areas Asembo and Gem and reported coverage of 19% of at least one dose and 7% of two or more doses of SP. Health care workers ( HCW) in Asembo were retrained on IPTp in 2003. objectives To evaluate if IPTp coverage increased and if the training in Asembo led to better coverage than in Gem, and to identify barriers to the effective implementation of IPTp. methods Community- based cross- sectional survey among a simple random sample of women who had recently delivered in April 2005, interviews with HCW of antenatal clinics ( ANC) in Asembo and Gem. Results Of the 724 women interviewed, 626 ( 86.5%) attended the ANC once and 516 ( 71.3%) attended two or more times. Overall IPTp coverage was 41% for at least one dose, and 21% for at least two doses of SP. In Asembo, coverage increased from 19% in 2002 to 61% in 2005 for at least one dose and from 7% to 17% for two doses of SP. In Gem, coverage increased from 17% to 28% and 7% to 11%, respectively. Interviews of HCW in both Asembo and Gem revealed confusion about appropriate timing, and lack of direct observation of IPTp. Conclusion Training of HCW and use of simplified IPTp messages may be a key strategy in achieving Roll Back Malaria targets for malaria prevention in pregnancy in Kenya. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Johns Hopkins Program Int Educ Training & Reprod, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ouma, PO (reprint author), POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. EM pouma@ke.cdc.gov RI Sandall, Jane/D-4146-2009 OI Sandall, Jane/0000-0003-2000-743X NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD AUG PY 2007 VL 12 IS 8 BP 953 EP 961 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01876.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 206RL UT WOS:000249200500007 PM 17697090 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Gidudu, J Bonhoeffer, J Braun, MM Buettcher, M Chen, RT Drammeh, B Duclos, P Heijbel, H Heininger, U Hummelman, E Jefferson, T Keller-Stanislawski, B Loupi, E Marcy, SM AF Kohl, Katrin S. Gidudu, Jane Bonhoeffer, Jan Braun, M. Miles Buettcher, Michael Chen, Robert T. Drammeh, Bakary Duclos, Philippe Heijbel, Harald Heininger, Ulrich Hummelman, Erik Jefferson, Thomas Keller-Stanislawski, Brigitte Loupi, Elisabeth Marcy, S. Michael TI The development of standardized case definitions and guidelines for adverse events following immunization SO VACCINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HYPORESPONSIVE EPISODE HHE; VACCINE SAFETY DATA; DATA-COLLECTION; ACUTE INTUSSUSCEPTION; BRIGHTON COLLABORATION; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; CONSORT STATEMENT; QUALITY; INFANTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Lund, Sweden. Cochrane Vaccines Field, Rome, Italy. Paul Ehrlich Inst, D-6070 Langen, Germany. Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Kaiser Fdn Hosp, Ctr Vaccine Res, Panorama, CA USA. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kkohl@cdc.gov RI Bonhoeffer, Jan/E-5903-2014 NR 26 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5671 EP 5674 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.063 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900001 PM 17400339 ER PT J AU Ruggeberg, JU Gold, MS Bayas, JM Blum, MD Bonhoeffer, J Friedlander, S Brito, GD Heininger, U Imoukhuede, B Khamesipour, A Erlewyn-Lajeunesse, M Martin, S Makela, M Nell, P Pool, V Simpson, N AF Rueggeberg, Jens U. Gold, Michael S. Bayas, Jose-Maria Blum, Michael D. Bonhoeffer, Jan Friedlander, Sheila Brito, Glacus de Souza Heininger, Ulrich Imoukhuede, Babatunde Khamesipour, Ali Erlewyn-Lajeunesse, Michel Martin, Susana Makela, Mika Nell, Patricia Pool, Vitali Simpson, Nick CA Brighton Collaboration Anaphylaxis TI Anaphylaxis: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE anaphylaxis; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; MAST-CELL TRYPTASE; REVISED NOMENCLATURE; ALLERGIC REACTIONS; ADVERSE REACTIONS; CHILDREN; STATEMENT; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; FEATURES C1 Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. Univ Kinder Klin, Dusseldorf, Germany. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, London, England. Univ Adelaide, S Australian Immunisat Coordinat Unit, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Wyeth Res, Collegeville, PA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sao Paulo State Univ, Sao Paulo, Brazil. MRC Fajara, Banjul, Gambia. Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran. Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. EAP Santa Hortensia, Area 2, Madrid, Spain. Univ Cent Hosp Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. USAF, Sturgeon Bay, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. John Curtin Sch Med Res, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Heininger, U (reprint author), Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org RI Bonhoeffer, Jan/E-5903-2014 NR 39 TC 110 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5675 EP 5684 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.064 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900002 PM 17448577 ER PT J AU Jones, JF Kohl, KS Ahmadipour, N Bleijenberg, G Buchwald, D Evengard, B Jason, LA Klimas, NG Lloyd, A McCleary, K Oleske, JM White, PD AF Jones, James F. Kohl, Katrin S. Ahmadipour, Nooshin Bleijenberg, Gijs Buchwald, Dedra Evengard, Birgitta Jason, Leonard A. Klimas, Nancy G. Lloyd, Andrew McCleary, Kimberly Oleske, James M. White, Peter D. CA Brighton Collaboration Fatigue TI Fatigue: Case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE fatigue; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID GENERIC CORE SCALES; QUALITY; RELIABILITY; DISORDERS; VALIDITY; RECOMMENDATIONS; PEDSQL(TM)-4.0; QUESTIONNAIRE; POPULATION; INSTRUMENT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Populat & Publ Hlth Branch, Immunizat & Resp Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Nijmegen St Radboud Hosp, Med Ctr, Expert Ctr Chron Fatigue, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Karolinska Inst, Dept Lab Med, Stockholm, Sweden. De Paul Univ, Ctr Commun Res, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Med, Miami, FL USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Ctr Infect & Inflammat Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. CFIDS Assoc Amer, Washington, DC USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Div Allergy Immunol & Infect Dis, Morris Plains, NJ USA. Univ London, Dept Psychol Med Barts, London, England. Univ London, Queen Mary Sch Med & Dent, London, England. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org RI Bleijenberg, Gijs/E-6984-2010; Oleske, James/C-1951-2016; OI Oleske, James/0000-0003-2305-5605; White, Peter/0000-0002-8193-5355 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5685 EP 5696 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.065 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900003 PM 17400340 ER PT J AU Beigel, J Kohl, KS Khuri-Bulos, N Bravo, L Nell, P Marcy, SM Warschaw, K Ong-Lim, A Poerschke, G Weston, W Lindstrom, JA Stoltman, G Maurer, T AF Beigel, John Kohl, Katrin S. Khuri-Bulos, Najwa Bravo, Lulu Nell, Patricia Marcy, S. Michael Warschaw, Karen Ong-Lim, Anna Poerschke, Gabriele Weston, William Lindstrom, Jill A. Stoltman, Gillian Maurer, Toby CA Brighton Collaboration Rash TI Rash including mucosal involvement: Case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rash; mucocutaneous; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID STATEMENT; QUALITY; TRIALS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. Jordan Univ Hosp, Amman, Jordan. Univ Philippines, Manila, Philippines. USAF, Sturgeon Bay, WI USA. Univ So Calif, Panorama, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Kaiser Fdn Hosp, Panorama, CA USA. Mayo Clin, Scottsdale, AZ USA. Merck Sharp & Dohme Asia Ltd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Colorado, Aurora, CO USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Michigan Dept Commun Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org RI Beigel, John/A-7111-2009 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5697 EP 5706 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.066 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900004 PM 17403561 ER PT J AU Jorch, G Tapiainen, T Bonhoeffer, J Fischer, TK Heininger, U Hoet, B Kohl, KS Lewis, EM Meyer, C Nelson, T Sandbu, S Schlaud, M Schwartz, A Varricchio, F Wise, RP AF Jorch, Gerhard Tapiainen, Terhi Bonhoeffer, Jan Fischer, Thea K. Heininger, Ulrich Hoet, Bernard Kohl, Katrin S. Lewis, E. M. Meyer, Christiane Nelson, Tony Sandbu, Synne Schlaud, Martin Schwartz, Ann Varricchio, Frederick Wise, Robert P. CA Brighton Collaboration Unexplained TI Unexplained sudden death, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), in the first and second years of life: Case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE unexpected sudden death; unexplained sudden death; sudden infant death syndrome; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID EVENT-REPORTING-SYSTEM; TETANUS-PERTUSSIS IMMUNIZATION; UNEXPECTED DEATH; RISK-FACTORS; DIPHTHERIA; VACCINE; TOXOIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STATEMENT; QUALITY C1 Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. Univ Magdeburg, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany. Univ Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Oakland, CA USA. Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Prince Wales Hosp, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Bonhoeffer, J (reprint author), Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org RI Bonhoeffer, Jan/E-5903-2014; OI Nelson, Edmund Anthony Severn/0000-0002-2521-3403; Fischer, Thea Kolsen/0000-0003-4812-980X NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5707 EP 5716 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.068 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900005 PM 17408816 ER PT J AU Wise, RP Bonhoeffer, J Beeler, J Donato, H Downie, P Matthews, D Pool, V Riise-Bergsaker, M Tapiainen, T Varricchio, F AF Wise, Robert P. Bonhoeffer, Jan Beeler, Judy Donato, Hugo Downie, Peter Matthews, Dana Pool, Vitali Riise-Bergsaker, Marianne Tapiainen, Terhi Varricchio, Frederick CA Brighton Collaboration Thrombocyto TI Thrombocytopenia: Case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE thrombocytopenia; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID PURPURA FOLLOWING MEASLES; HEPATITIS-B-VACCINE; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; MEAN PLATELET VOLUME; ADVERSE EVENTS; REFERENCE INTERVALS; VARICELLA VACCINE; COUNT; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDREN C1 Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Univ Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Hosp Ninos San Justo, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. RP Bonhoeffer, J (reprint author), Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org RI Bonhoeffer, Jan/E-5903-2014 NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5717 EP 5724 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.067 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900006 PM 17493712 ER PT J AU Nell, P Kohl, KS Graham, PL LaRussa, PS Marcy, SM Fulginiti, VA Martin, B Trolin, I Norton, SA Neff, JM AF Nell, Patricia Kohl, Katrin S. Graham, Philip L. LaRussa, Philip S. Marcy, S. Michael Fulginiti, Vincent A. Martin, Bryan Trolin, Ingrid Norton, Scott A. Neff, John M. CA Brighton Collaboration Vaccinia Vi TI Eczema vaccinatum as an adverse event following exposure to vaccinia virus: Case definition & guidelines of data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE eczema vaccinatum; vaccinia virus; smallpox vaccine; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID PARTY DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; SMALLPOX VACCINATION; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; DARIERS-DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIOTERRORISM; EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT; STATEMENT; QUALITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USAF, Sturgeon Bay, WI USA. Columbia Univ, New York Prebyterian Hosp, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat,Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Univ So Calif, Panorama, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Kaiser Fdn Hosp, Sch Med, Panorama, CA USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Washington, DC USA. Med Prod Agcy, Uppsala, Sweden. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5725 EP 5734 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.085 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900007 PM 17532547 ER PT J AU Nell, P Kohl, KS Graham, PL LaRussa, PS Marcy, SM Fulginiti, VA Martin, B McMahon, A Norton, SA Trolin, I AF Nell, Patricia Kohl, Katrin S. Graham, Philip L. LaRussa, Philip S. Marcy, S. Michael Fulginiti, Vincent A. Martin, Bryan McMahon, Ann Norton, Scott A. Trolin, Ingrid CA Brighton Collaboration Vaccinia Vi TI Progressive vaccinia as an adverse event following exposure to vaccinia virus: Case definition and guidelines of data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE progressive vaccinia; adverse event; vaccinia virus; smallpox vaccine; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID SMALLPOX VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; COMPLICATIONS; BIOTERRORISM; QUALITY; TRIALS; RISKS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USAF, Sturgeon Bay, WI USA. Columbia Univ, New York Presbyterian Hosp, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat,Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Univ So Calif, Panorama, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Kaiser Fdn Hosp, Sch Med, Panorama, CA USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Washington, DC USA. US FDA, Vaccine Safety Branch, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Med Prod Agcy, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org NR 24 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5735 EP 5744 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.088 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900008 PM 17540484 ER PT J AU Beigel, J Kohl, KS Brinley, F Graham, PL Khuri-Bulos, N LaRussa, PS Nell, P Norton, S Stoltman, G Tebaa, A Warschaw, K AF Beigel, John Kohl, Katrin S. Brinley, Floyd Graham, Philip L. Khuri-Bulos, Najwa LaRussa, Philip S. Nell, Patricia Norton, Scott Stoltman, Gillian Tebaa, Amina Warschaw, Karen CA Brighton Collaboration Vaccinia Vi TI Generalized vaccinia as an adverse event following exposure to vaccinia virus: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE generalized vaccinia; adverse event; vaccinia virus; smallpox vaccine; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID SMALLPOX VACCINATION; COMPLICATIONS; BIOTERRORISM; STATEMENT; QUALITY; TRIALS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, NIG Clin Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Bethesda, MD USA. Columbia Univ, New York Presbyterian Hosp, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat,Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Jordan Univ Hosp, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Amman, Jordan. USAF, Sturgeon Bay, WI USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Michigan Dept Commun Hlth, Div Communicable Dis & Immunizat, Lansing, MI USA. Ctr Antipoison & Pharmacovigilance, Rabat, Morocco. Mayo Clin Scottsdale, Dept Dermatol, Scottsdale, AZ USA. Mayo Clin Scottsdale, Dept Pathol, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org RI Beigel, John/A-7111-2009 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5745 EP 5753 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.086 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900009 PM 17537552 ER PT J AU Wenger, P Oleske, JM Kohl, KS Fisher, MC Brien, JH Graham, PL LaRussa, PS Lipton, S Tierney, B AF Wenger, Peter Oleske, James M. Kohl, Katrin S. Fisher, Margaret C. Brien, James H. Graham, Philip L. LaRussa, Philip S. Lipton, Susan Tierney, Bruce CA Brighton Collaboration Vaccinia Vi TI Inadvertent inoculation as an adverse event following exposure to vaccinia virus: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE inadvertent inoculation; vaccinia virus; smallpox vaccine; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID SMALLPOX VACCINATION; COMPLICATIONS; BIOTERRORISM; STATEMENT; QUALITY; TRIALS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Div Pulmonary Allergy Immunol & Infect Dis, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. Childrens Hosp Monmouth Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Long Branch, NJ USA. Scott & White Childrens Hlth Ctr, Pediat Infect Dis Sect, Temple, TX USA. Scott & White Childrens Hlth Ctr, Hosp Sect, Temple, TX USA. Columbia Univ, New York Presbyterian Hosp, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat,Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Sinai Hosp, Baltimore Smallpox Response Team, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org RI Oleske, James/C-1951-2016 OI Oleske, James/0000-0003-2305-5605 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5754 EP 5762 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.087 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900010 PM 17537553 ER PT J AU Graham, PL LaRussa, PS Kohl, KS AF Graham, Philip L. LaRussa, Philip S. Kohl, Katrin S. CA Brighton Collaboration Vaccinia Vi TI Robust take following exposure to vaccinia virus: Case definition and guidelines of data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE robust take; vaccinia virus; smallpox vaccine; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID SMALLPOX VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; PERTUSSIS VACCINATION; COMPLICATIONS; BIOTERRORISM; DIPHTHERIA; ABSCESSES; QUALITY; TRIALS; RISKS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Off, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. New York Presbyterian Hosp, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Off, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5763 EP 5770 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.063 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900011 PM 17537551 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Kohl, KS Bilynsky, R Blumberg, D Cvetkovich, T Galama, J Gidudu, J Katikaneni, L Khuri-Bulos, N Oleske, J Tapiainen, T Wiznitzer, M AF Sejvar, James J. Kohl, Katrin S. Bilynsky, Roman Blumberg, Dean Cvetkovich, Therese Galama, Jochem Gidudu, Jane Katikaneni, Lakshmi Khuri-Bulos, Najwa Oleske, James Tapiainen, Terhi Wiznitzer, Max CA Brighton Collaboration Encephaliti TI Encephalitis, myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM): Case definitions and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE encephalitis; ADEM; myelitis; encephalomyelitis; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID NORMAL CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM INFECTIONS; EVENT REPORTING SYSTEM; VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; VACCINE; VALUES; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. UC Davis Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Vaccines & Related Prod, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Univ Med Ctr Nijmegen, Dept Med Microbiol, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC USA. New Jersery Med Sch, Div Pulmonary Allergy Immunol & Infect Dis, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. Univ Oulu, Dept Pediat, SF-90100 Oulu, Finland. Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Neurol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org NR 72 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5771 EP 5792 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.060 PG 22 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900012 PM 17570566 ER PT J AU Tapiainen, T Prevots, R Izurieta, HS Abramson, J Bilynsky, R Bonhoeffer, J Bonnet, MC Center, K Galama, J Gillard, P Griot, M Hartmann, K Heininger, U Hudson, M Koller, A Khetsuriani, N Khuri-Bulos, N Marcy, SM Matulionyte, R Schondorf, I Sejvar, J Steele, R AF Tapiainen, Terhi Prevots, Rebecca Izurieta, Hector S. Abramson, Jon Bilynsky, Roman Bonhoeffer, Jan Bonnet, Marie-Claude Center, Kimberly Galama, Jochem Gillard, Paul Griot, Monika Hartmann, Katharina Heininger, Ulrich Hudson, Michael Koller, Annette Khetsuriani, Nino Khuri-Bulos, Najwa Marcy, S. Michael Matulionyte, Raimonda Schoendorf, Ines Sejvar, James Steele, Russell CA Brighton Collaboration Aseptic Men TI Aseptic meningitis: Case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE aseptic meningitis; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; NORMAL CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; MASS VACCINATION; MMR VACCINE; VIRAL MENINGITIS; ADVERSE EVENTS; GRAM STAIN; WILD-TYPE C1 Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. Univ Oulu, Dept Pediat, SF-90100 Oulu, Finland. Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. Patterson Army Hlth Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. Aventis Pasteur, Lyon, France. Wyeth Pharmaceut, Collegeville, PA USA. Univ Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol, Nijmegen, Netherlands. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Rixensart, Belgium. Berna Biotech, Kusnacht, Switzerland. Ctr Emergency Preparedness & Response, Hlth Protect Agcy, Salisbury, Wilts, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ So Calif, Panorama, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Kaiser Fdn Hosp, Sch Med, Panorama, CA USA. Vilnius State Univ, Dept Infect Dis, Vilnius, Lithuania. Novartis Vaccines, Marburg, Germany. LSU Med Sch, Dept Pediat, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Bonhoeffer, J (reprint author), Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org RI Bonhoeffer, Jan/E-5903-2014 NR 75 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5793 EP 5802 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.058 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900013 PM 17574313 ER PT J AU Halperin, S Kohl, KS Gidudu, J Ball, L Hammer, SJ Heath, P Hennig, R Labadie, J Rothstein, E Schuind, A Varricchio, F Walop, W AF Halperin, Scott Kohl, Katrin S. Gidudu, Jane Ball, Leslie Hammer, Sandra Jo Heath, Paul Hennig, Renald Labadie, Jerry Rothstein, Edward Schuind, Anne Varricchio, Frederick Walop, Wikke CA Brighton Collaboration Local React TI Cellulitis at injection site: Case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE cellulitis; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID EVENT FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION; STATEMENT; QUALITY; TRIALS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, London SW17 0RE, England. Novartis Vaccine, Marburg, Germany. Pennridge Pediat Associates, Sellersville, PA USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, King Of Prussia, PA USA. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5803 EP 5820 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.059 PG 18 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900014 PM 17548135 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Ball, L Gidudu, J Hammer, SJ Halperin, S Heath, P Hennig, R Labadie, J Rothstein, E Schuind, A Varricchio, F Walop, W AF Kohl, Katrin S. Ball, Leslie Gidudu, Jane Hammer, Sandra Jo Halperin, Scott Heath, Paul Hennig, Renald Labadie, Jerry Rothstein, Edward Schuind, Anne Varricchio, Frederick Walop, Wikke CA Brighton Collaboration Local React TI Abscess at injection site: Case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE abscess; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID TOXOID-PERTUSSIS VACCINATION; EVENT FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION; DIPHTHERIA; OUTBREAK; FEVER C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD USA. Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, London SW17 0RE, England. Novartis Vaccine, Marburg, Germany. Pennridge Pediat Associates, Sellersville, PA USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, King Of Prussia, PA USA. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5821 EP 5838 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.057 PG 18 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900015 PM 17540485 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Walop, W Gidudu, J Ball, L Halperin, S Hammer, SJ Heath, P Hennig, R Rothstein, E Schuind, A Varricchio, F AF Kohl, Katrin S. Walop, Wikke Gidudu, Jane Ball, Leslie Halperin, Scott Hammer, Sandra Jo Heath, Paul Hennig, Renald Rothstein, Edward Schuind, Anne Varricchio, Frederick CA Brighton Collaboration Local React TI Induration at or near injection site: Case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Induration; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS; INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; HEPATITIS-A VACCINE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; COMPARATIVE TRIAL; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; IMMUNOGENICITY; CHILDREN; INFANTS; CONJUGATE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, London SW17 0RE, England. Novartis Vaccine, Marburg, Germany. Pennridge Pediat Associates, Sellersville, PA USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, King Of Prussia, PA USA. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5839 EP 5857 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.062 PG 19 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900016 PM 17553602 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Walop, W Gidudu, J Ball, L Halperin, S Hammer, SJ Heath, P Varricchio, F Rothstein, E Schuind, A Hennig, R AF Kohl, Katrin S. Walop, Wikke Gidudu, Jane Ball, Leslie Halperin, Scott Hammer, Sandra Jo Heath, Paul Varricchio, Frederick Rothstein, Edward Schuind, Anne Hennig, Renald CA Brighton Collaboration Local React TI Swelling at or near injection site: Case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE swelling; adverse event; immunization; guidelines; case definition ID CELL PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; DIPHTHERIA; TETANUS; IMMUNOGENICITY; BOOSTER; INFANTS; REACTOGENICITY; STATEMENT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, London SW17 0RE, England. Pennridge Pediat Associates, Sellersville, PA USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, King Of Prussia, PA USA. Navartis Vaccine, Marburg, Germany. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 31 BP 5858 EP 5874 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.056 PG 17 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 198QZ UT WOS:000248643900017 PM 17548132 ER PT J AU Laney, AS Cannon, MJ Jaffe, HW Offermann, MK Ou, CY Radford, KW Patel, MM Spira, TJ Gunthel, CJ Pellett, PE Dollard, SC AF Laney, A. Scott Cannon, Michael J. Jaffe, Harold W. Offermann, Margaret K. Ou, Chin-Yih Radford, Kay W. Patel, Mitesh M. Spira, Thomas J. Gunthel, Clifford J. Pellett, Philip E. Dollard, Sheila C. TI Human herpesvirus 8 presence and viral load are associated with the progression of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; herpesvirus; human herpesvirus 8; homosexual men; Kaposi's sarcoma; opportunistic infections; viral load ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DNA; BLOOD; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; QUANTIFICATION; HERPESVIRUS; THERAPY; DISEASE; CELLS AB Objective: We present the largest longitudinal study to date that examines the association between Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) disease progression and the presence and viral load of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Methods: Ninety-six men were enrolled at HIV clinics in Atlanta, Georgia, who had KS (n = 47) or were without KS but seropositive for HHV-8. Visits occurred at 6-month intervals for 2 years at which the patient's KS status was evaluated and oral fluid and blood were collected for quantification of HHV-8 DNA and antibodies. Results: The presence of HHV-8 DNA in blood was more common (P < 0.001) and the viral load higher (P < 0.001) in men with KS in comparison with men without KS. Mean HHV-8 viral loads in blood and oral fluids were associated with disease status, being highest among patients with progressing KS, intermediate among patients with stable KS, and lowest among patients with regressing KS. Consistent with our previous report high antibody titers to HHV-8 orf 65 were inversely associated with HHV-8 shedding in oral fluid. Conclusions: We observed a significant association between changes in KS disease severity and the presence and viral load of HHV-8. HHV-8 viral load in blood may provide useful information to clinicians for assessment of the risk of further disease progression in patients with KS. (c) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Dollard, SC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 clifton Rd,Mailstop G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgd5@cdc.gov RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1541 EP 1545 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282202b7d PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 196PV UT WOS:000248495400006 PM 17630548 ER PT J AU Melendez-Morales, L Konkle, BA Preiss, L Zhang, MD Mathew, P Eyster, ME Goedert, JJ AF Melendez-Morales, Lehida Konkle, Barbara A. Preiss, Liliana Zhang, Mingdong Mathew, Prasad Eyster, M. Elaine Goedert, James J. TI Chronic hepatitis B and other correlates of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus among HIV-infected people with hemophilia SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE hemophilia; hepatitis B virus (HBV); hepatitis C virus (HCV) ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NATURAL-HISTORY; VIRAL CLEARANCE; LIVER-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; LOAD AB Objective: To identify correlates of spontaneous hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. Design: Baseline (2001-2004) analysis of a cohort study of people with hemophilia. Methods: Detailed questionnaire data were used to identify dates of primary HCV and HIV infections and to categorize sex; race; alcohol use; interferon treatment; hepatitis B virus (HBV) status; and HIV/AIDS history, treatment and current status. Spontaneous HCV clearance was defined as nondetection of HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction assay in paired annual plasma, excluding those treated with interferon. Chi-squared, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression were used to identify correlates of clearance. Results: Among 478 HIV-infected participants, 61 (12.8%) had cleared HCV. Among the 31 participants with chronic HBV (as well as HIV), 16 (51.6%) had cleared HCV. With chronic HBV, HCV clearance was increased 11.2-fold (95% confidence interval, 5.1-24.8), after adjusting for sex, race, and hemophilia severity. Excluding the participants with chronic HBV, the prevalence of HCV clearance was 10.1%; and it was significantly reduced among males (9.7%, P=0.05), blacks (1.6%, P=0.01), and participants with severe hemophilia (8.2%, P=0.02). HCV clearance was not associated with HIV RNA detection in plasma, CD4 cell count, anti-HIV therapy, AIDS history, ages at or years of HIV or HCV infection, or alcohol consumption. Conclusions: HCV clearance is unambiguously and markedly increased with chronic HBV infection among HIV co-infected people. (c) 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, DCEG, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Leaders Program, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Res Triangle Inst Int, Rockville, MD USA. FDA, CDRH, OSB, DPS,Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, Dept Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Goedert, JJ (reprint author), NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, DCEG, 6120 Execut Blvd,Room 7066, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM goedertj@mail.nih.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [N01 CP 01004, N01 CO 12400] NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1631 EP 1636 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32826fb6d9 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 196PV UT WOS:000248495400017 PM 17630559 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Jamieson, DJ Schmid, CH Lau, J AF Kourtis, Athena P. Jamieson, Denise J. Schmid, Christopher H. Lau, Joseph TI 'Use of antiretroviral therapy in pregnant HIV-infected women and the risk of premature 1656 delivery: a meta-analysis' Reply SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRETERM DELIVERY; INFANTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1657 EP 1658 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32826fb763 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 196PV UT WOS:000248495400026 ER PT J AU Timchalk, C Busby, A Campbell, JA Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Timchalk, Charles Busby, Andrea Campbell, James A. Needham, Larry L. Barr, Dana B. TI Comparative pharmacokinetics of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos and its major metabolites diethylphosphate, diethylthiophosphate and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in the rat SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pharmacokinetics; chlorpyrifos; diethylthiophosphate; diethylphosphate; trichloropyridinol ID PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FETAL-GROWTH; POPULATION; PHOSPHATE; PREGNANCY; URINE; LIVER; PHOSPHOROTHIOATE AB Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a commonly used diethylphosphorothionate organophosphorus (OP) insecticide. Diethyl phosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) are products of metabolism and of environmental degradation of CPF and are routinely measured in urine as biomarkers of exposure. However, because these same chemicals can result from metabolism or by biodegradation, monitoring total urinary metabolite levels may be reflective of not only an individual's contact with the parent pesticide, but also exposure with the metabolites, which are present in the environment. The objective of the current study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of orally administered DEP, DETP and TCPy with their kinetics following oral dosing with the parent insecticide CPF in the rat. Groups of rats were orally administered CPF, DEP, TCPy or DETP at doses of 140 mu mol/kg body weight, and the time-courses of the metabolites were evaluated in blood and urine. Following oral administration, all three metabolites were well absorbed with peak blood concentrations being attained between 1 and 3 h post-dosing. In the case of DEP and TCPy virtually all the administered dose was recovered in the urine by 72 h post-dosing, suggesting negligible, if any, metabolism; whereas with DETP, similar to 50% of the orally administered dose was recovered in the urine. The CPF oral dose was likewise rapidly absorbed and metabolized to DEP, TCPy and DETP, with the distribution of metabolites in the urine followed the order: TCPy (22 +/- 3 mu mol) > DETP (144 +/- 2 mu mol) > DEP (1.4 +/- 0.7 mu mol). Based upon the total amount of TCPy detected in the urine a minimum of 63% of the oral CPF dose was absorbed. These studies support the hypotheses that DEP, DETP and TCPy present in the environment can be readily absorbed and eliminated in the urine of rats and potentially humans. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modelling, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Timchalk, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modelling, MSIN-P7-59,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM charles.timchalk@pnl.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH008173-01] NR 35 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 237 IS 1-3 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.05.007 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 200DD UT WOS:000248743200014 PM 17590257 ER PT J AU Cole, TJ Flegal, KM Nicholls, D Jackson, AA AF Cole, Tim J. Flegal, Katherine M. Nicholls, Dasha Jackson, Alan A. TI Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL; T-CELL COUNTS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; HIV-INFECTION; ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT; PENALIZED LIKELIHOOD; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; GROWTH STANDARDS; REFERENCE CURVES AB Objective To determine cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents, based on body mass index at age 18 years. Design International survey of six large nationally representative cross sectional studies on growth. Setting Brazil, Great Britain, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Singapore, and the United States. Subjects 97 876 mates and 94 851 females from birth to 25 years. Main outcome measure Body mass index (BMI, weight/ height2). Results The World Health Organization defines grade 2 thinness in adults as BMI <17. This same cut off, applied to the six datasets at age 18 years, gave mean BMI close to a z score of -2 and 80% of the median. Thus it matches existing criteria forwasting in children based on weight for height. For each dataset, centile curves were drawn to pass through the cut off of BMI 17 at 18 years. The resulting curves were averaged to provide age and sex specific cut-off points from 2-18 years. Similar cut offs were derived based on BMI 16 and 18.5 at 18 years, together providing definitions of thinness grades 1, 2, and 3 in children and adolescents consistent with the WHO adult definitions. Conclusions The proposed cut-off points should help to provide internationally comparable prevalence rates of thinness in children and adolescents. C1 UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Ctr Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, London WC1N 1EH, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, London WC1N 3JH, England. Univ Southampton, Inst Human Nutr, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Cole, TJ (reprint author), UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Ctr Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, London WC1N 1EH, England. EM tim.cote@ich.uct.ac.uk RI Cole, Tim/B-7883-2008; Yates, Emma/C-7318-2009; Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Cole, Tim/0000-0001-5711-8200; Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X FU Medical Research Council [G9827821, G9827821(62595)] NR 85 TC 983 Z9 1020 U1 7 U2 63 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD JUL 28 PY 2007 VL 335 IS 7612 BP 194 EP 197 DI 10.1136/bmj.39238.399444.55 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 198YA UT WOS:000248662200031 PM 17591624 ER PT J AU Ding, YS Ashley, DL Watson, CH AF Ding, Yan S. Ashley, David L. Watson, Clifford H. TI Determination of 10 carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mainstream cigarette smoke SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; mainstream cigarette smoke; LC-APPI-MS/MS ID TOTAL PARTICULATE MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PHOTOIONIZATION; TOBACCO-SMOKE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BENZOPYRENE; BENZO(A)PYRENE; IDENTIFICATION; CONDENSATE AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one class of chemical compounds that (1) are present at low to trace levels in unburned cigarette filler, and (2) are predominantly generated during combustion. According to a recent report of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, 10 carcinogenic PAHs together with 53 other known carcinogens are present in cigarette smoke. Accurate quantification of these chemicals helps assess public health risk to both smokers and nonsmokers exposed to second-hand smoke. We have developed and validated a specific and sensitive method for measuring these 10 carcinogenic PAHs in the particulate phase of mainstream tobacco smoke. Cigarette smoke particulate, produced using standard machine smoking protocols, was collected on glass fiber Cambridge filter pads. The particulate matter was solvent extracted, purified by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry using isotopically labeled analogues as internal standards. Our method's limits of detection ranged from 11 to 166 pg and achieved sufficient reproducibility and accuracy to provide useful information on a range of cigarettes having dramatically different machine-smoked tar and nicotine deliveries. The identity of each PAH analyte was established from chromatographic retention time, analyte-specific fragmentation patterns, and relative peak area ratios of the product/precursor ion pairs. This new method provides higher sensitivity, specificity, and throughput than did earlier methods. We found relatively consistent PAH levels among a selection of domestic full-flavor cigarettes. The PAH levels in smoke from highly ventilated light and ultralight cigarettes were low when smoked using ISO (International Organization for Standardization) conditions. However, if highly ventilated cigarettes were smoked under more intense conditions (e.g., larger or more frequent puffs, vents blocked), their PAH levels equaled or exceeded their full-flavor counterparts under ISO conditions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watson, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cwatson@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 26 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 15 BP 5966 EP 5973 DI 10.1021/jf070649o PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 190UE UT WOS:000248085300010 PM 17602652 ER PT J AU Telzak, EE Grumm, F Coffey, J White, DAE Scribner, AN Quan, S Martinez, A Esquivel, M Merrick, R Boyett, B Heffelfinger, JD Schulden, J Song, B Sullivan, PS AF Telzak, E. E. Grumm, F. Coffey, J. White, D. A. E. Scribner, A. N. Quan, S. Martinez, A. Esquivel, M. Merrick, R. Boyett, B. Heffelfinger, J. D. Schulden, J. Song, B. Sullivan, P. S. TI Rapid HIV testing in emergency departments - Three US sites, January 2005-March 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 597-601, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. Alameda Cty Med Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Rand Schrader Hlth & Res Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Cty Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Telzak, EE (reprint author), Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 25 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 4 BP 395 EP 397 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 193JA UT WOS:000248269100010 ER PT J AU Wilburn, RE Ehrlich, JK Welles, WL Horton, DK Orr, M Kapil, V AF Wilburn, R. E. Ehrlich, J. K. Welles, W. L. Horton, D. K. Orr, M. Kapil, V. TI Elemental mercury releases attributed to antiques - New York, 2000-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 576-579, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wilburn, RE (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 25 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 4 BP 397 EP 398 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 193JA UT WOS:000248269100011 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Li, JF Wei, XR Lipscomb, J Bennett, D Brant, A Cong, ME Spira, T Shafer, RW Heneine, W AF Johnson, Jeffrey A. Li, Jin-Fen Wei, Xierong Lipscomb, Jonathan Bennett, Diane Brant, Ashley Cong, Mian-er Spira, Thomas Shafer, Robert W. Heneine, Walid TI Simple PCR Assays Improve the Sensitivity of HIV-1 Subtype B Drug Resistance Testing and Allow Linking of Resistance Mutations SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. The success of antiretroviral therapy is known to be compromised by drug-resistant HIV-1 at frequencies detectable by conventional bulk sequencing. Currently, there is a need to assess the clinical consequences of low-frequency drug resistant variants occurring below the detection limit of conventional genotyping. Sensitive detection of drug-resistant subpopulations, however, requires simple and practical methods for routine testing. Methodology. We developed highly-sensitive and simple real-time PCR assays for nine key drug resistance mutations and show that these tests overcome substantial sequence heterogeneity in HIV-1 clinical specimens. We specifically used early wildtype virus samples from the pre-antiretroviral drug era to measure background reactivity and were able to define highly-specific screening cut-offs that are up to 67-fold more sensitive than conventional genotyping. We also demonstrate that sequencing the mutation-specific PCR products provided a direct and novel strategy to further detect and link associated resistance mutations, allowing easy identification of multi-drug-resistant variants. Resistance mutation associations revealed in mutation-specific amplicon sequences were verified by clonal sequencing. Significance. Combined, sensitive real-time PCR testing and mutation-specific amplicon sequencing provides a powerful and simple approach that allows for improved detection and evaluation of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations. C1 [Johnson, Jeffrey A.; Li, Jin-Fen; Wei, Xierong; Lipscomb, Jonathan; Brant, Ashley; Cong, Mian-er; Heneine, Walid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bennett, Diane] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Spira, Thomas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shafer, Robert W.] Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JJohnson1@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 25 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 7 AR e638 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000638 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10GJ UT WOS:000207452200007 PM 17653265 ER PT J AU Stern, AH Rice, DC AF Stern, Alan H. Rice, Deborah C. TI Maternal seafood consumption and children's development SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID PREGNANCY; COHORT C1 New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Div Sci Res & Technol, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm & Occupat Hlth Program, Maine Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Augusta, ME USA. RP Stern, AH (reprint author), New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Div Sci Res & Technol, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. EM alan.stern@dep.state.nj.us NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 21 PY 2007 VL 370 IS 9583 BP 217 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61117-9 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 194MG UT WOS:000248347900019 PM 17658387 ER PT J AU Grijalva, CG Nuorti, JP Edwards, KM Griffin, MR AF Grijalva, Carlos G. Nuorti, J. Pekka Edwards, Kathryn M. Griffin, Marie R. TI Herd immunity after pneumococcal conjugate vaccination - Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID IMPACT; ADULTS C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. VA TN Valley Hlth Care Syst, Mid S Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. VA TN Valley Hlth Care Syst, Clin Res Ctr Excellence, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Griffin, MR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. EM marie.griffin@vanderbilt.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 21 PY 2007 VL 370 IS 9583 BP 219 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61120-9 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 194MG UT WOS:000248347900022 ER PT J AU Kester, KE McKinney, DA Tornieporth, N Ockenhouse, CF Heppner, DG Hall, T Wellde, BT White, K Sun, P Schwenk, R Krzych, U Delchambre, M Voss, G Dubois, MC Gasser, RA Dowler, MG O'Brien, M Wittes, J Wirtz, R Cohen, J Ballou, WR AF Kester, Kent E. McKinney, Denise A. Tornieporth, Nadia Ockenhouse, Christian F. Heppner, D. Gray, Jr. Hall, Ted Wellde, Bruce T. White, Kate Sun, Peifang Schwenk, Robert Krzych, Urszula Delchambre, Martine Voss, Gerald Dubois, Marie-Claude Gasser, Robert A., Jr. Dowler, Megan G. O'Brien, Megan Wittes, Janet Wirtz, Robert Cohen, Joe Ballou, W. Ripley CA RTS,S Malaria Vaccine Evaluation G TI A phase I/IIa safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy bridging randomized study of a two-dose regimen of liquid and lyophilized formulations of the candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS02A in malaria-naive adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE RTS,S; malaria; vaccine; falciparum; Plasmodium; antigens; adjuvant; clinical trials; AS02A; circumsporozoite protein ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; RESPONSES; DISEASE; ANTIGEN; GAMBIA AB We conducted an open-label safety and immunogenicity bridging study that compared liquid and lyophilized formulations of the candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S formulated in AS02A in 34 healthy, malaria-naive adults at WRAIR. Volunteers received two doses of either formulation. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. Stat Collaborat Inc, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kester, KE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM kent.kester@na.amedd.army.mil RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802 NR 24 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 29 BP 5359 EP 5366 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.05.005 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 194QQ UT WOS:000248359300019 PM 17574311 ER PT J AU Haber, M Barskey, A Baughman, W Barker, L Whitney, CG Shaw, KM Orenstein, W Stephens, DS AF Haber, Michael Barskey, Albert Baughman, Wendy Barker, Lawrence Whitney, Cynthia G. Shaw, Kate M. Orenstein, Walter Stephens, David S. TI Herd immunity and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A quantitative model SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE pneumococci; conjugate vaccine; herd immunity ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS; POPULATION-BASED ASSESSMENT; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; MACROLIDE RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; EFFICACY; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION AB Invasive pneumococcal disease in older children and adults declined markedly after introduction in 2000 of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for young children. An empirical quantitative model was developed to estimate the herd (indirect) effects on the incidence of invasive disease among persons >= 5 years of age induced by vaccination of young children with 1, 2, or >= 3 doses of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Prevnar((R)) (PCV7), containing serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F. From 1994 to 2003, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease were prospectively identified in Georgia Health District-3 (eight metropolitan Atlanta counties) by Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs). From 2000 to 2003, vaccine coverage levels of PCV7 for children aged 19-35 months in Fulton and DeKalb counties (of Atlanta) were estimated from the National Immunization Survey (NIS). Based on incidence data and the estimated average number of doses received by 15 months of age, a Poisson regression model was fit, describing the trend in invasive pneumococcal disease in groups not targeted for vaccination (i.e., adults and older children) before and after the introduction of PCV7. Highly significant declines in all the serotypes contained in PCV7 in all unvaccinated populations (5-19, 20-39, 40-64, and > 64 years) from 2000 to 2003 were found under the model. No significant change in incidence was seen from 1994 to 1999, indicating rates were stable prior to vaccine introduction. Among unvaccinated persons 5+ years of age, the modeled incidence of disease caused by PCV7 serotypes as a group dropped 38.4%, 62.0%, and 76.6% for 1, 2, and 3 doses, respectively, received on average by the population of children by the time they are 15 months of age. Incidence of serotypes 14 and 23F had consistent significant declines in all unvaccinated age groups. In contrast, the herd immunity effects on vaccine-related serotype 6A incidence were inconsistent. Increasing trends of non-vaccine serotypes, in particular 19A, were noted in most unvaccinated age groups, but these increases were substantially smaller than the concurrent decreases among the vaccine serotypes. Also, the model estimated PCV7 to have a greater (p = 0.014) indirect impact on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by all vaccine serotypes among African-Americans of all ages than for whites. Thus, conjugate vaccines may be able to induce herd effects even in situations where vaccine coverage is far from complete or with schedules using fewer than 3 or 4 doses. Because the model was based on incidence rates and PCV7 coverage in Atlanta, our findings should be validated in other geographic areas. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. VAMC, Georgia Emerging Infect Program & Res Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Haber, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mhaber@sph.emory.edu RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 34 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 29 BP 5390 EP 5398 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.088 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 194QQ UT WOS:000248359300023 PM 17583392 ER PT J AU Gupta, M Spiropoulou, C Rollin, PE AF Gupta, Manisha Spiropoulou, Christina Rollin, Pierre E. TI Ebola virus infection of human PBMCs causes massive death of macrophages, CD4 and CD8 T cell sub-populations in vitro SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ebola virus; apoptosis; Fas; FasL; TRAIL ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; APOPTOSIS; PATHOGENESIS; RESPONSES; PEPTIDE; LIGAND AB Ebola virus causes an often fatal disease characterized by poor immune response and high inflammatory reaction in the patients. One of the causes for poor immunity is virus-mediated apoptosis of lymphocytes in the host. In this study, we infected human PBMCs with Ebola Zaire virus and study apoptosis of different cell types using flow cytometry. We have shown that Ebola virus causes bystander death of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Cells infected with virus had 30-40% active caspase 3(+), annexin-V+ and Bcl2(low) phenotype by day 8 PI as compared to inactivated virus-treated cells. 60-70% of the macrophages were also dead by day 8 PI and had similar phenotype. Our data also showed that virus may induce death signals in Fas(+)/FasL(+) T lymphocytes and macrophages but did not upregulate Fas/FasL expression in these cells. Lastly, CD4, CD8 and CD14 cells were purified after infection and were studied for death signals by RNAse protection assay. We found an upregulation of TRAIL mRNA in CD4 and CD8 T cells on day 7 PI. A two-fold increase in CD4 T cells and three-fold increase in CD8 T cells were observed in TRAIL mRNA levels as compared to uninfected controls and inactive virus-treated cells. Surprisingly, we did not find any difference in TRAIL mRNA levels between infected macrophages and uninfected controls. These data suggest that Ebola virus evades the immune response by causing massive lymphocyte death. In addition, they may give an explanation on why the host is unable to produce a good antibody response in the absence of CD4 T cells. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, DVRD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gupta, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, DVRD, Mailstop G14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mgupta@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 364 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.02.017 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 178CG UT WOS:000247198200006 PM 17391724 ER PT J AU Sullivan, MD Anderson, RT Aron, D Atkinson, HH Bastien, A Chen, GJ Feeney, P Gafni, A Hwang, W Katz, LA Narayan, KMV Nwachuku, C O'Connor, PJ Zhang, P AF Sullivan, Mark D. Anderson, Roger T. Aron, David Atkinson, Hal H. Bastien, Arnaud Chen, G. John Feeney, Patricia Gafni, Amiram Hwang, Wenke Katz, Lois A. Narayan, K. M. Venkat Nwachuku, Chuke O'Connor, Patrick J. Zhang, Ping CA ACCORD Study Grp TI Health-related quality of life and cost-effectiveness components of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial: Rationale and design SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCEMIC CONTROL; MELLITUS; VALIDATION; THERAPY; UTILITY AB Diabetes mellitus affects not only life expectancy but also quality of life. The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial's health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and cost-effectiveness components will enable the assessment of the relative importance of the various outcomes from the point of view of patients, provide an understanding of the balance between the burdens and benefits of the intervention strategies, and offer valuable insights into adherence. The HRQOL measures used include the Diabetes Symptoms Distress Checklist; the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, Version 2 (SF-36) (RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA); the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) depression measure (Pfizer Inc, New York, NY); the World Health Organization (WHO) Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ); and the EuroQol Feeling Thermometer (EuroQol Group, Rotterdam, Netherlands). The cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) in ACCORD will provide information about the relative economic efficiency of the different interventions being compared in the trial. Effectiveness will be measured in terms of cardiovascular event-free years gained and quality-adjusted life-years gained (using the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 [HUI-3] [Health Utilities Inc., Dundas, Ontario, Canada] to measure health-state utility). Costs will be direct medical costs assessed from the perspective of a single-payer health system collected by means of patient and clinic cost forms and hospital discharge summaries. The primary HRQOL and CEA hypotheses mirror those in the main ACCORD trial, addressing the effects of the 3 main ACCORD interventions considered separately. There are also secondary. (pairwise reference case) comparisons that do not assume independence of treatment effects on HRQOL. CEA will be done on a subsample of 4,311 ACCORD participants and HRQOL on a subsample of 2,053 nested within the CEA subsample. Most assessments will occur through questionnaires at baseline and at 12, 36, and 48 months. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Sci & Hlth Policy, Winston Salem, NC USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Geriatr Gerontol, Winston Salem, NC USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Qual Improvement Res, Louis Stokes Cleveland Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Cooper Univ Hosp, Clin Trials Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Camden, NJ USA. McMaster Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada. NY Harbor Healthcare Syst, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. HlthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Sullivan, MD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Box 356560,1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sullimar@u.washington.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206 STE 3, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD JUL 18 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 12A SU S BP 90I EP 102I DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.027 PG 13 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 188RV UT WOS:000247937900009 ER PT J AU Bacon, RM Kugeler, KJ Griffith, KS Mead, PS AF Bacon, R. M. Kugeler, K. J. Griffith, K. S. Mead, P. S. TI Lyme disease - United States, 2003-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 573-576, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 State Hlth Dept, Albany, NY USA. Dist Columbia Hlth Dept, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bacon, RM (reprint author), State Hlth Dept, Albany, NY USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 18 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 3 BP 278 EP 279 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 190US UT WOS:000248086700010 ER PT J AU Neyer, JR Greenlund, KJ Denny, CH Keenan, NL Casper, M Labarthe, DR Croft, JB AF Neyer, J. R. Greenlund, K. J. Denny, C. H. Keenan, N. L. Casper, M. Labarthe, D. R. Croft, J. B. TI Prevalence of stroke - United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 469-474, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PERIPHERAL VASCULAR-DISEASE; QUALITY-OF-CARE; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION C1 CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Neyer, JR (reprint author), CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 18 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 3 BP 279 EP 281 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 190US UT WOS:000248086700011 ER PT J AU Wang, SA Harvey, AB Conner, SM Zaidi, AA Knapp, JS Whittington, WLH del Rio, C Judson, FN Holmes, KK AF Wang, Susan A. Harvey, Alesia B. Conner, Susan M. Zaidi, Akbar A. Knapp, Joan S. Whittington, William L. H. del Rio, Carlos Judson, Franklyn N. Holmes, King K. TI Antimicrobial resistance for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the united states, 1988 to 2003: The spread of fluoroquinolone resistance SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; RISK-FACTORS; SURVEILLANCE; AZITHROMYCIN; URETHRITIS; EMERGENCE; THERAPY; HAWAII; MEN AB Background: Over the past 60 years, Neisseria gonorrhoeae has acquired clinically significant resistance to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, penicillins, and ciprofloxacin. Objective: To determine U.S. trends in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of N. gonorrhoeae from 1988 to 2003. Design: 16-year, multisite, sentinel surveillance for gonococcal isolate susceptibility through the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP). Setting: Sexually transmitted disease clinics in 37 cities. Patients: Male patients with a total of 82 064 episodes of urethral gonorrhea. Measurements: Primary outcome measures included percentage of gonococcal isolates resistant to antimicrobials used to treat gonorrhea, percentage of patients treated with specific antimicrobials for gonorrhea, and trends of these measures over time. Results: The median age of patients was 26 years, and 74.1% of patients were African American. The proportion of men treated with penicillins for gonorrhea declined from 39.5% in 1988 to 0% in 1994, while the proportion of those receiving fluoroquinolone treatment increased from 0% in 1988 to 42.0% in 2003. Penicillin resistance peaked at 19.6% in 1991, then declined to 6.5% in 2003. Tetracycline resistance peaked at 25.8% in 1997 and declined to 14.4% in 2003. The first fluoroquinolone-resistant isolate was found in 1991. Nationally, 0.4% of isolates were fluoroquinolone-resistant in 1999 and were identified in 39% of GISP cities. By 2003, 4.1 % of isolates were fluoroquinolone-resistant and were identified in 70% of GISP cities. Isolates with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin, and spectinomycin remained rare. In 2001, 3 multidrug-resistant isolates with decreased susceptibility to cefixime were identified. Limitation: Sentinel surveillance may not fully reflect trends for all patients with gonorrhea in the United States. Conclusions: Prevalence of penicillin resistance has declined in the years since gonorrhea treatment with penicillin was discontinued. Fluoroquinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae infections continue to increase at a time when fluoroquinolone use has increased. Ongoing nationwide and local antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring is crucial to ensure appropriate treatment of gonorrhea. C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Medtronic, Memphis, TN USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO USA. RP Wang, SA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Sch Med, Mail Stop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sjw8@cdc.gov RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 50 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 17 PY 2007 VL 147 IS 2 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 192CV UT WOS:000248179300002 PM 17638718 ER PT J AU Datta, SD Sternberg, M Johnson, RE Berman, S Papp, JR McQuillan, G Weinstock, H AF Datta, S. Deblina Sternberg, Maya Johnson, Robert E. Berman, Stuart Papp, John R. McQuillan, Geraldine Weinstock, Hillard TI Gonorrhea and Chlamydia in the United States among Persons 14 to 39 Years of Age, 1999 to 2002 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; POLICY; ADULTS; CARE AB Background: Nationally representative surveys of chlamydia and gonorrhea are an important measure of disease burden and progress of screening programs. Objective: To measure chlamydia and gonorrhea prevalence in the United States. Design: Analysis of sexual history information and urine specimens collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2002. Setting: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population as sampled by NHANES, 1999-2002. Participants: 6632 NHANES respondents. Measurements: Urine specimens were tested for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Results were weighted to represent the U.S. civilian, non institutionalized population between 14 and 39 years of age. Results: Prevalence of gonorrheal infection was 0.24% (95% Cl, 0.16% to 0.38%). Prevalence of gonorrheal infection was higher among non-Hispanic black persons (1.2% [Cl, 0.7% to 1.9%]) than among non-Hispanic white persons (0.07% [Cl, 0.02% to 0.24%]). Among those with gonorrheal infection, 46% also had chlamydial infection. Prevalence of chlamyclial infection was 2.2% (Cl, 1.8% to 2.8%) and was similar between males (2.0% [Cl, 1.6% to 2.5%]) and females (2.5% [Cl, 1.8% to 3.4%]). Among females, the highest prevalence was in those age 14 to 19 years, whereas among males, it was highest in those age 14 to 29 years. Prevalence was higher among non-Hispanic black persons (6.4% [Cl, 5.4% to 7.5%]) than non-Hispanic white persons (1.5% [Cl, 1.0% to 2.4%]). Among females with a history of gonorrhea or chlamydia in the previous 12 months, chlamydia prevalence was 16.7% (Cl, 5.5% to 50.7%). Limitations: The specificity of urine-based assays for chlamydia and gonorrhea is limited, and the possible misclassification of sexual experience status may have affected the accuracy of some estimates. Conclusions: The findings support current recommendations to screen sexually active females age 25 years or younger for chlamydia, to retest infected females for chlamyclial infection, and to co-treat individuals with gonorrhea for chlamydia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Datta, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ddatta@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 156 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 17 PY 2007 VL 147 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 192CV UT WOS:000248179300003 PM 17638719 ER PT J AU Callaghan, WM AF Callaghan, William M. TI Invited commentary: Identifying women with hypertension during pregnancy - Is high specificity sufficient? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE hypertension; pregnancy; sensitivity and specificity; women ID GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION; PREECLAMPSIA; RISK; OUTCOMES; DISEASE; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; TRIAL AB Hypertensive complications of pregnancy contribute to the burden of maternal morbidity and subsequently have an impact on neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although codes from the International Classification of Diseases should delineate the specific subtypes of pregnancy-related hypertension, how diagnoses are applied and how these codes are used in clinical settings are largely unknown. This commentary discusses the implications of using administrative codes to identify women with preeclampsia syndromes, especially when used to define outcomes or exposures for etiologic research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Callaghan, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcallaghan@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 2 BP 125 EP 127 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm141 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 187UA UT WOS:000247872800002 PM 17556760 ER PT J AU Beck, LF Dellinger, AM O'Neil, ME AF Beck, Laurie F. Dellinger, Ann M. O'Neil, Mary E. TI Motor vehicle crash injury rates by mode of travel, united states: Using exposure-based methods to quantify differences SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accidents; traffic; environment design; risk assessment ID PEDESTRIAN CRASHES; INVOLVEMENT RATES; DIFFERENT DRIVERS; DEATH RATES; HELMET LAW; RISK; FATALITIES; ACCIDENT; OCCUPANT; WALKING AB The authors used traffic exposure data to calculate exposure-based fatal and nonfatal traffic injury rates in the United States. Nationally representative data were used to identify fatal and nonfatal traffic injuries that occurred from 1999 to 2003, and the 2001 National Household Travel Survey was used to estimate traffic exposure (i.e., person-trips). Fatal and nonfatal traffic injury rates per 100 million person-trips were calculated by mode of travel, sex, and age group. The overall fatal traffic injury rate was 10.4 per 100 million person-trips. Fatal injury rates were highest for motorcyclists, pedestrians, and bicyclists. The nonfatal traffic injury rate was 754.6 per 100 million person-trips. Nonfatal injury rates were highest for motorcyclists and bicyclists. Exposure-based traffic injury rates varied by mode of travel, sex, and age group. Motorcyclists, pedestrians, and bicyclists faced increased injury risks. Males, adolescents, and the elderly were also at increased risk. Effective interventions are available and should be implemented to protect these vulnerable road users. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Div Stat & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beck, LF (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LBeck@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 2 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm064 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 187UA UT WOS:000247872800012 PM 17449891 ER PT J AU Gottlieb, SL Kretsinger, K Tarkhashvili, N Chakvetadze, N Chokheli, M Chubinidze, M Hoekstra, RM Jhorjholiani, E Mirtskhulava, M Moistsrapishvili, M Sikharulidze, M Zardiashvili, T Imnadze, P Sobel, J AF Gottlieb, Sami L. Kretsinger, Katrina Tarkhashvili, Nato Chakvetadze, Neli Chokheli, Maia Chubinidze, Marina Hoekstra, R. Michael Jhorjholiani, Ekaterina Mirtskhulava, Merab Moistsrapishvili, Maia Sikharulidze, Merab Zardiashvili, Tamar Imnadze, Paata Sobel, Jeremy TI Long-term outcomes of 217 botulism cases in the Republic of Georgia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; HEALTH SURVEY SF-36; FOODBORNE BOTULISM; UNITED-STATES; SURVIVORS; LIFE; MORBIDITY; SYMPTOMS AB Background. The acute paralytic syndrome of botulism has been well-described; however, little is known about its long-term consequences. Methods. We conducted a case-control study in the Republic of Georgia to evaluate the health of patients >= 6 months after they had experienced an episode of botulism. Case patients were selected on the basis of who had had a clinical diagnosis of foodborne botulism reported to the national surveillance system from 1998 through 2003. Three control subjects were randomly selected from each patient's community. Results. We located 217 patients who had had botulism from surveillance records, with a median time since onset of illness of 4.3 years. The median age was 37 years, and 49% of the patients were female, similar to the control subjects. Most of the patients ( 68%) had acquired botulism from home-conserved vegetables ( probably containing toxin type B), 15% had been hospitalized for 11 month, and 25% had required mechanical ventilation. Six patients died. Of the remaining 211 patients, 68% reported having worse health at the time of the interview than 6 years before the interview, compared with 17% of 656 control subjects ( matched odds ratio, 17.6; 95% confidence interval, 10.9-28.4). Overall, 49% of the patients reported their current health as "fair" or "poor," versus 25% of the control subjects ( odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.2-7.6). Patients were more likely than control subjects to report fatigue, weakness, dizziness, dry mouth, and difficulty lifting objects (P < .05, for each). Patients were more likely than control subjects to report difficulty breathing caused by moderate exertion (P < .001) but not by minimal exertion or at rest. Patients were also more likely to report being limited in vigorous activities, walking 3 blocks, and climbing 3 flights of stairs (P < .05, for each). Finally, patients reported feeling significantly worse than control subjects for 6 of 11 questions regarding psychosocial well-being (P < .05, for each). In a multivariable model involving patients who had had botulism, mechanical ventilation during acute illness, older age, and region of residence independently predicted worse health. Conclusions. Several years after acute botulism, patients reported significant health, functional, and psychosocial limitations that are likely to be consequences of the illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Dis Control, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. RP Gottlieb, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM stg8@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 174 EP 180 DI 10.1086/518890 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 180EC UT WOS:000247343900005 PM 17578775 ER PT J AU Blossom, DB McDonald, LC AF Blossom, David B. McDonald, L. Clifford TI The challenges posed by reemerging Clostridium difficile infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TOXIN-A; MULTIINSTITUTIONAL OUTBREAK; NORTH-AMERICA; DIARRHEA; DISEASE; COLITIS; RISK; STRAIN; METRONIDAZOLE; VANCOMYCIN AB There have been recent, marked increases in the incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile-associated disease ( CDAD). These may be attributable to the emergence of a hypervirulent strain of C. difficile that produces increased levels of toxins A and B, as well as an extra toxin known as "binary toxin." This previously uncommon strain has become epidemic, coincident with its development of increased resistance to fluoroquinolones, the use of which is increasingly associated with CDAD outbreaks. Although not necessarily related to this epidemic strain, unusually severe CDAD has been reported in populations that had previously been thought to be at low risk, including peripartum women and healthy persons living in the community. Challenges posed by the changing epidemiology of CDAD are compounded by current limitations in diagnostic testing, treatment, and infection control. Overcoming these challenges and limitations will require a concerted effort from a variety of sources, including an ongoing partnership between infectious disease clinicians and public health professionals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmcdonald1@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 222 EP 227 DI 10.1086/518874 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 180EC UT WOS:000247343900013 PM 17578783 ER PT J AU Sobel, J Malavet, M John, S AF Sobel, J. Malavet, M. John, S. TI Outbreak of clinically mild botulism type E illness from home-salted fish in patients presenting with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SERUM THERAPY; MONKEYS AB Five persons consumed home-salted fish and then presented with gastrointestinal symptoms to 3 hospitals; 2 of the patients had minimal cranial nerve palsies. Early serum samples obtained from all patients were negative for botulinum toxin. Remnant fish tested positive for botulinum toxin type E. In patients exposed to low doses of botulinum toxin type E, gastrointestinal symptoms may predominate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Bergen Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Paramus, NJ USA. RP Sobel, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, MS-A38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jsobel@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP E14 EP E16 DI 10.1086/518993 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 180EC UT WOS:000247343900024 PM 17578769 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Bruden, D Deubner, H McArdle, S Chung, MJ Christensen, C Hennessy, T Homan, C Williams, J McMahon, BJ Gretch, DR AF Sullivan, Daniel G. Bruden, Dana Deubner, Heike McArdle, Susan Chung, Minjun Christensen, Carol Hennessy, Thomas Homan, Chriss Williams, James McMahon, Brian J. Gretch, David R. TI Hepatitis C virus dynamics during natural infection are associated with long-term histological outcome of chronic hepatitis C disease SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HYPERVARIABLE REGION 1; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LIVER-DISEASE; CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS; SEQUENCE VARIATION; COMMON-SOURCE; TRANSPLANTATION; HCV; EVOLUTION; PROGRESSION AB Background. The long- term dynamics of hepatitis C virus ( HCV) infection and their association with hepatitis C disease are unknown. Methods. Fifty- two treatment- naive subjects with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection were selected from the Alaska Natives and American Indians cohort. Viral RNA levels were measured in 223 specimens ( mean, 4.3 specimens/ subject) over 457 patient- years. Viral quasispecies diversity was analyzed in 187 specimens ( mean, 3.6 specimens/ subject) over 365 patient- years. Results. Thirty- three subjects had minimal hepatic fibrosis, and 19 developed bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. There was no significant difference in host variables, including alcohol consumption, between disease groups. Subjects with mild disease had higher serum RNA levels after 2 decades of infection (P=.013), greater fluctuations in RNA levels over time (P=.04), higher intraspecimen quasispecies diversification (P=.004), and higher rates quasispecies diversification (P=001) than did subjects with severe disease. On multivariate analysis, the odds of having severe disease were 15.3 ( 95% confidence interval, 2.3 - 99.6) times higher among persons with low quasispecies diversification rates compared with the odds among persons with high diversification rates. Conclusions. Histological progression of hepatitis C is tightly associated with homogenization of HCV quasispecies, perhaps reflecting immune failure and/ or selective outgrowth of aggressive viral variants. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Gretch, DR (reprint author), Res & Training Bldg,7th Fl,325 9th Ave,Box 359690, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM gretch@u.washington.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 48214, AI 704428] NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 2 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1086/518895 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 186UF UT WOS:000247803100011 PM 17570111 ER PT J AU Deyde, VM Xu, XY Bright, RA Shaw, M Smith, CB Zhang, Y Shu, YL Gubareva, LV Cox, NJ Klimov, AI AF Deyde, Varough M. Xu, Xiyan Bright, Rick A. Shaw, Michael Smith, Catherine B. Zhang, Ye Shu, Yuelong Gubareva, Larisa V. Cox, Nancy J. Klimov, Alexander I. TI Surveillance of resistance to adamantanes among influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1) viruses isolated worldwide SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; UNITED-STATES; AMANTADINE; RIMANTADINE; INFECTION; FAMILIES; CHILDREN; FREQUENCY AB Our previous reports demonstrated an alarming increase in resistance to adamantanes among influenza A( H3N2) viruses isolated in 2001 - 2005. To continue monitoring drug resistance, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of influenza A( H3N2) and A( H1N1) viruses isolated globally in 2005 - 2006. The results obtained by pyrosequencing indicate that 96.4% (n=761) of A( H3N2) viruses circulating in the United States were adamantane resistant. Drug resistance has reached 100% among isolates from some Asian countries. Analysis of correlation between the appearance of drug resistance and the evolutionary pathway of the hemagglutinin ( HA) gene suggests at least 2 separate introductions of resistance into circulating populations that gave rise to identifiable subclades. It also indicates that resistant A( H3N2) viruses may have emerged in Asia in late 2001. Among A( H1N1) viruses isolated worldwide, resistance reached 15.5% in 2005 - 2006; in the United States alone, it was 4.0%. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA and M genes indicates that the acquisition of resistance in A( H1N1) viruses can be linked to a specific genetic group and was not a result of reassortment between A( H3N2) and A( H1N1) viruses. The results of the study highlight the necessity of close monitoring of resistance to existing antivirals as wells as the need for new therapeutics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Dis Prevent & Control, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Klimov, AI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mail Stop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM axk0@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 322 Z9 341 U1 1 U2 23 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 2 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1086/518936 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 186UF UT WOS:000247803100012 PM 17570112 ER PT J AU Huang, S Shallow, S Stier, D Shiono, P Nishimura, A Bihl, I Bialek, S Williams, I AF Huang, S. Shallow, S. Stier, D. Shiono, P. Nishimura, A. Bihl, I. Bialek, S. Williams, I. CA CDC TI Characteristics of persons with chronic hepatitis B - San Francisco, California, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 446-448, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. CDC, Div Viral hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Huang, S (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 11 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 2 BP 167 EP 168 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 188HI UT WOS:000247910600010 ER PT J AU Trosdair, A Babb, S Murphy-Hoefer, R Asman, K Husten, C Malarcher, A AF Trosdair, A. Babb, S. Murphy-Hoefer, R. Asman, K. Husten, C. Malarcher, A. CA CDC TI State-specific prevalence of smoke-free home rules - United States, 1992-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 501-504, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RESTRICTIONS C1 CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Trosdair, A (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 11 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 2 BP 169 EP 170 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 188HI UT WOS:000247910600011 ER PT J AU Fatmi, Z Hadden, WC Razzak, JA Qureshi, HI Hyder, AA Pappas, G AF Fatmi, Zafar Hadden, Wilbur C. Razzak, Junaid A. Qureshi, Huma I. Hyder, Adnan A. Pappas, Gregory TI Incidence, patterns and severity of reported unintentional injuries in Pakistan for persons five years and older: results of the National Health Survey of Pakistan 1990-94 SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; COMMUNITY; DISEASE; NIGERIA; KARACHI; BURDEN; GHANA AB Background: National level estimates of injuries are not readily available for developing countries. This study estimated the annual incidence, patterns and severity of unintentional injuries among persons over five years of age in Pakistan. Methods: National Health Survey of Pakistan (NHSP 1990-94) is a nationally representative survey of the household. Through a two-stage stratified design, 18, 315 persons over 5 years of age were interviewed to estimate the overall annual incidence, patterns and severity of unintentional injuries for males and females in urban and rural areas over the preceding one year. Weighted estimates were computed adjusting for complex survey design using surveyfreq and surveylogistic option of SAS 9.1 software. Results: The overall annual incidence of all unintentional injuries was 45.9 (Cl: 39.3-52.5) per 1000 per year; 59.2 (Cl: 49.2-69.2) and 33.2 (Cl: 27.0-39.4) per 1000 per year among males and females over five years of age, respectively. An estimated 6.16 million unintentional injuries occur in Pakistan annually among persons over five years of age. Urban and rural injuries were 55.9 (95% Cl: 48.1-63.7) and 41.2 (95% Cl: 32.2-50.0) per 1000 per year, respectively. The annual incidence of injuries due to falls were 22.2 (95% Cl: 18.0-26.4), poisoning 3.3 (95% Cl: 0.5-6.1) and burn was 1.5 ( 5% Cl: 0.9-2.1) per 1000 per year. The majority of injuries occurred at home 19.2 (95% Cl: 16.0-22.4) or on the roads 17.0 (95% Cl: 13.8-20.2). Road traffic/street, school and urban injuries were more likely to result in handicap. Conclusion: There is high burden of unintentional injuries among persons over five years of age in Pakistan. These results are useful to plan further studies and prioritizing prevention programs on injuries nationally and other developing countries with similar situation. C1 Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi, Pakistan. Ctr Dis Control, Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Karachi, Pakistan. Pakistan Med Res Council, Islamabad, Pakistan. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Fatmi, Z (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi, Pakistan. EM zafar.fatmi@aku.edu; wch2@cdc.gov; junaid.razzak@aku.edu; pmrc@comsats.net.pk; ahyder@jhsph.edu; gregory.pappas@aku.edu NR 32 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 152 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-7-152 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 196HL UT WOS:000248472200001 PM 17623066 ER PT J AU Paxton, LA Hope, T Jaffe, HW AF Paxton, Lynn A. Hope, Tony Jaffe, Harold W. TI Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection: what if it works? SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; MALE CIRCUMCISION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; EFFICACY TRIAL; PREVENTION; VACCINE; TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Oxford, Ethox Ctr, Oxford, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Publ Hlth, Oxford, England. RP Paxton, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lap5@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 7 PY 2007 VL 370 IS 9581 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61053-8 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 187QE UT WOS:000247862300034 PM 17617276 ER PT J AU McNaghten, AD Herold, JM Dube, HM St Louis, ME AF McNaghten, A. D. Herold, Joan M. Dube, Hazel M. St Louis, Michael E. TI Response rates for providing a blood specimen for HIV testing in a population-based survey of young adults in Zimbabwe SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; PREVALENCE; AFRICA AB Background: To determine differences among persons who provided blood specimens for HIV testing compared with those who did not among those interviewed for the population- based Zimbabwe Young Adult Survey (YAS). Methods: Chi- square analysis of weighted data to compare demographic and behavioral data of persons interviewed who provided specimens for anonymous testing with those who did not. Prevalence estimation to determine the impact if persons not providing specimens had higher prevalence rates than those who did. Results: Comparing those who provided specimens with those who did not, there was no significant difference by age, residence, education, marital status, perceived risk, sexual experience or number of sex partners for women. A significant difference by sexual experience was found for men. Prevalence estimates did not change substantially when prevalence was assumed to be two times higher for persons not providing specimens. Conclusion: When comparing persons who provided specimens for HIV testing with those who did not, few significant differences were found. If those who did not provide specimens had prevalence rates twice that of those who did, overall prevalence would not be substantially affected. Refusal to provide blood specimens does not appear to have contributed to an underestimation of HIV prevalence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Family Hlth Int, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP McNaghten, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. EM aom5@cdc.gov; JHerold@cdc.gov; hdube@zol.co.zw; mes2@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUL 5 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 145 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-7-145 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 196HG UT WOS:000248471700001 PM 17612395 ER PT J AU Dou, XG Zhang, L Li, ZW Feng, GH Chang, J Fildes, H Khudyakov, Y AF Dou Xiao-guang Zhang Lin Li Zhi-wei Feng Guo-he Chang, Joy Fildes, Howard Khudyakov, Yuri TI Selection and application of serotypical synthetic peptides derived from hepatitis C virus NS5A region SO CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE synthetic peptides; serotype dependent; hepatitis C virus; nonstructural 5A region ID HCV; ANTIBODIES; EPITOPES; ASSAY; GENOTYPES; PROTEINS; SYSTEM AB Background Numerous studies have reported a relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and the response to interferon therapy. Despite high sensitivity and specificity, genotyping methods can be performed only on HCV RNA positive samples. Serotyping might be a rapid and cost effective method for determining HCV genotypes, especially in patients with previously undetectable HCV RNA. In this study, an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for HCV serotyping with the genotype specific, synthetic peptides derived from HCV nonstructural 5a (NS5A) region was developed. Methods Based on 45 sequences, representing HCV genotypes 1-6 from Genebank, we synthesised 305 overlapping 30-mer peptides within NS5A region at positions 2182-2343 of HCV. All peptides for antigenic reactivity were tested by enzyme immunoassay with 69 human sera with antiHCV positive representing genotype 1-6. Forty hepatitis C patient sera were serotyped using serotype specific, synthetic peptides and genotyped by sequencing analysis. Results The correspondence of amino acids in HCV NS5A region with amino acids in positions 2182-2343 was very low among different genotype peptides. The highly conserved sequences were residues 2182-2211(R1), 2272-2301 (R7) and 2302-2331 (R9): the highly variable 2212-2241 (R3) and 2257-2286 (R6). Using 305 peptides, antigenic regions were located in R3, R7 and R9. Eighteen peptides from highly conserved region representing genotypes 1 to 6 showed broad immunoreactivity with sera containing antibody to all HCV genotypes. Immunoreactivity of the peptides from highly variable region was stronger with similar genotype sera. Twelve unique peptides showed highly, genotype specific, reactivity with types 1 and 3 sera. Type 2 genotype specific peptides had cross reaction with type 3 serum. No type 4, 5 or 6 specific peptides were selected. The serotyping results showed high agreement with sequencing analysis. Conclusions The major antigenic regions in HCV NS5A region were at 2212-2241(R3), 2272-2301(R7) and 2302-2331(R9). Eighteen peptides from highly conserved region show genotype independent, immunoreactivity, useful for antiHCV antibody test. Twelve peptides from highly variable region show genotype 1 and 3 dependent immunoreactivity, useful for determining HCV serotype, especially for patients with previously undetectable HCV RNA. C1 China Med Univ, Shengjing Hosp Affiliated, Dept Infect Dis, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. RP Dou, XG (reprint author), China Med Univ, Shengjing Hosp Affiliated, Dept Infect Dis, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. EM DOUXG@CMU2H.COM NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE MEDICAL ASSOC PI BEIJING PA 42 DONGSI XIDAJIE, BEIJING 100710, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0366-6999 J9 CHINESE MED J-PEKING JI Chin. Med. J. PD JUL 5 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 13 BP 1159 EP 1165 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 191AM UT WOS:000248102200009 PM 17637245 ER PT J AU Bettcher, DW Peruga, A Fishburn, B Baptiste, J El-Awa, F Nikogosian, H Rahman, K de Silva, VC Chauvin, J Warren, CW Jones, NR Lee, J Lea, V Lewis, M Babb, S Asma, S McKenna, MT AF Bettcher, D. W. Peruga, A. Fishburn, B. Baptiste, J. El-Awa, F. Nikogosian, H. Rahman, K. Costa de Silva, V. Chauvin, J. Warren, C. W. Jones, N. R. Lee, J. Lea, V. Lewis, M. Babb, S. Asma, S. McKenna, M. T. CA CDC TI Exposure to secondhand smoke among students aged 13-15 years - Worldwide, 2000-2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 497, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Tobacco Free Initiat, Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Reg Amer, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Canadian Publ Hlth Assoc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bettcher, DW (reprint author), Tobacco Free Initiat, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 4 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 1 BP 35 EP 36 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 185OU UT WOS:000247721100010 ER PT J AU Dunne, E Markowitz, L AF Dunne, Eileen Markowitz, Lauri TI HPV prevalence and transmission - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID PAPILLOMAVIRUS; INFECTION; PARENTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dunne, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dde9@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 4 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 1 BP 38 EP 38 DI 10.1001/jama.298.1.38-b PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 185OU UT WOS:000247721100014 ER PT J AU Colugnati, FAB Staras, SAS Dollard, SC Cannon, MJ AF Colugnati, Fernando A. B. Staras, Stephanie A. S. Dollard, Sheila C. Cannon, Michael J. TI Incidence of cytomegalovirus infection among the general population and pregnant women in the United States SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; TISSUE CULTURES; DAY-CARE; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; DISEASE; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN AB Background: Cytomegalovirus ( CMV) is a common opportunistic infection among HIV-infected individuals, a major source of serious complications among organ-transplant recipients, and a leading cause of hearing loss, vision loss, and mental retardation among congenitally infected children. Women infected for the first time during pregnancy are especially likely to transmit CMV to their fetuses. More children suffer serious disabilities caused by congenital CMV than by several better-known childhood maladies such as Down syndrome or fetal alcohol syndrome Methods: Using CMV seroprevalence data from the nationally representative Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we estimated CMV incidence among the general United States population and among pregnant women. We employed catalytic models that used age-specific CMV seroprevalences as cumulative markers of past infections in order to derive estimates of three basic parameters: the force of infection, the basic reproductive rate, and the average age of infection. Our main focus was the force of infection, an instantaneous per capita rate of acquisition of infection that approximates the incidence of infection in the seronegative population. Results: Among the United States population ages 12-49 the force of infection was 1.6 infections per 100 susceptible persons per year ( 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 2.4). The associated basic reproductive rate of 1.7 indicates that, on average, an infected person transmits CMV to nearly two susceptible people. The average age of CMV infection was 28.6 years. Force of infection was significantly higher among non-Hispanic Blacks ( 5.7) and Mexican Americans ( 5.1) than among non-Hispanic Whites ( 1.4). Force of infection was significantly higher in the low household income group ( 3.5) than in the middle ( 2.1) and upper ( 1.5) household income groups. Based on these CMV incidence estimates, approximately 27,000 new CMV infections occur among seronegative pregnant women in the United States each year. Conclusion: These thousands of CMV infections in pregnant women, along with the sharp racial/ethnic disparities in CMV incidence, are compelling reasons for accelerating research on vaccines and other interventions for preventing congenital CMV disease. Nevertheless, the relatively low force of infection provides encouraging evidence that modestly effective vaccines and rates of vaccination could significantly reduce CMV transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pediat, Disciplina Nutr & Metab, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Cannon, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fcolugnati@gmail.com; SAS@ehpr.ufl.edu; sgd5@cdc.gov; mcannon@cdc.gov RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 32 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD JUL 2 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 71 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-7-71 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 193XP UT WOS:000248308800002 PM 17605813 ER PT J AU Rollin, D Whistler, T Vernon, SD AF Rollin, Dominique Whistler, Toni Vernon, Suzanne D. TI Laboratory methods to improve SELDI peak detection and quantitation SO PROTEOME SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION-TIME; DESORPTION-IONIZATION-TIME; PLASMA-PROTEOME-PROJECT; TOF-MS; REPRODUCIBILITY; SERUM; OPTIMIZATION; QUALITY; PHASE AB Background: Protein profiling with surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) is a promising approach for biomarker discovery. Some candidate biomarkers have been identified using SELDI-TOF, but validation of these can be challenging because of technical parameters that effect reproducibility. Here we describe steps to improve the reproducibility of peak detection. Methods: SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry was performed using a system manufactured by Ciphergen Biosystems along with their ProteinChip System. Serum from 10 donors was pooled and used for all experiments. Serum was fractionated with Expression Difference Mapping kit-Serum Fractionation from the same company and applied to three different ProteinChips. The fractionations were run over a one month period to examine the contribution of sample batch and time to peak detection variability. Spectra were processed and peaks detected using the Ciphergen Express software and variance measured. Results: Experimental parameters specific to the serum fraction and ProteinChip, including spot protocols (laser intensity and detector sensitivity) were optimized to decrease peak detection variance. Optimal instrument settings, regular calibration along with controlled sample handling and processing nearly doubled the number of peaks detected and decreased intensity variance. Conclusion: This report assesses the variation across fractionated sera processed over a one-month period. The optimizations reported decreased the variance and increased the number of peaks detected. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Whistler, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-G41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DRollin@cdc.gov; TWhistler@cdc.gov; SVernon@cdc.gov RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1477-5956 J9 PROTEOME SCI JI Proteome Sci. PD JUL 2 PY 2007 VL 5 AR 9 DI 10.1186/1477-5956-5-9 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 196HZ UT WOS:000248473600001 PM 17605798 ER PT J AU Nakata, A Takahashi, M Irie, M Fujioka, Y Haratani, T Araki, S AF Nakata, Akinori Takahashi, Masaya Irie, Masahiro Fujioka, Yosei Haratani, Takashi Araki, Shunichi TI Relationship between cumulative effects of smoking and memory CD4+T lymphocyte subpopulations SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article DE smoking; CD4+CD45RO+T lymphocyte; Brinkman index; cumulative effect ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CELLS; LEUKOCYTE; CD69 AB Previous studies have found that smoking is a strong factor that increases peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes. However, most studies did not assess the cumulative long-life exposure of smoking on differential lymphocyte populations. In this study, to clarify the association of smoking habits and circulating lymphocytes, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 60 male current smokers. Smoking status was estimated by number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking years, and Brinkman Index (BI) as calculated by multiplying the number of cigarettes smoked per day by the smoking years. Counts of CD4+CD45RO+CD69+ T and CD4+CD45RO+ T lymphocytes were strongly and positively correlated with BI and remained highly significant after controlling for alcohol drinking, leisure-time physical activity, and caffeine intake (r(p)>.465, p<.001). These lymphocytes were also significantly correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and smoking years, but the association was weaker than the BI. The findings suggest that the CD4+CD45RO+CD69+ T and CD4+CD45RO+ T lymphocytes are sensitive to cumulative effect of smoking, and may serve as a potential immuno-biomarker for active smoking. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Kyushu Univ, Inst Hlth Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan. RP Nakata, A (reprint author), NIOSH, MS-C24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM nakataa-tky@umin.ac.jp RI Nakata, Akinori/A-2399-2008 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1526 EP 1531 DI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.11.007 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 171JL UT WOS:000246732000022 PM 17184930 ER PT J AU Schwarcz, S Spindler, H Scheer, S Valleroy, L Lansky, A AF Schwarcz, Sandra Spindler, Hilary Scheer, Susan Valleroy, Linda Lansky, Amy TI Assessing representativeness of sampling methods for reaching men who have sex with men: A direct comparison of results obtained from convenience and probability samples SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV; homosexual men; HIV testing; HIV risk; convenience sample; probability sample ID HIGH-RISK; HIV; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATIONS AB Convenience samples are used to determine HIV-related behaviors among men who have sex with men (NISM) without measuring the extent to which the results are representative of the broader MSM population. We compared results from a cross-sectional survey of MSM recruited from gay bars between June and October 2001 to a random digit dial telephone survey conducted between June 2002 and January 2003. The men in the probability sample were older, better educated, and had higher incomes than men in the convenience sample, the convenience sample enrolled more employed men and men of color. Substance use around the time of sex was higher in the convenience sample but other sexual behaviors were similar. HIV testing was common among men in both samples. Periodic validation, through comparison of data collected by different sampling methods, may be useful when relying on survey data for program and policy development. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Stat Epidemiol & Intervent Res Sect, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Schwarcz, S (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Stat Epidemiol & Intervent Res Sect, 25 Van Ness Ave,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. EM sandy.schwarcz@sfdph.org NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 11 IS 4 BP 596 EP 602 DI 10.1007/s10461-007-9232-9 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 178ST UT WOS:000247241100009 PM 17436073 ER PT J AU Suchdev, P Ahrens, K Click, E Macklin, L Evangelista, D Graham, E AF Suchdev, Parminder Ahrens, Kym Click, Eleanor Macklin, Lori Evangelista, Doris Graham, Elinor TI A model for sustainable short-term international medical trips SO AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE medical education; pediatrics; professional ethics; world health ID HEALTH; EXPERIENCE; LESSONS AB The health status of many people in developing countries is often dismal compared with the norms in industrialized countries. Increasingly, medical practitioners in the United States and other industrialized countries have become interested in global health issues, an interest that often takes the form of short-term international medical trips. We discuss several ethical issues associated with participation in such trips and use our experiences in developing the Children's Health International Medical Project of Seattle (CHIMPS) to outline and illustrate a set of 7 guiding principles for making these trips. CHIMPS is a residentrun, faculty-supported international medical program founded in 2002 by pediatric residents at the University of Washington in Seattle. Members of CHIMPS work with a rural community in El Salvador to support ongoing public health interventions there and provide sustainable medical care in collaboration with the community and a local non govern in ental organization. The 7 principles developed as a result of this work-mission, collaboration, education, service, teamwork, sustainability, and evaluation-can be used as a model for health practitioners as they develop or select international medical trips. The importance of partnering with the community and working within the existing medical and public health infrastructure is emphasized. Many of the challenges of doing international medical work can be overcome when efforts are guided by a few specific principles, such as those we have outlined. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. ENLACE, Abelines, El Salvador. Baylor Coll Med, Abbott Fund Childrens Clin Ctr Excellence Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Suchdev, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-K25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM psuchdev@cdc.gov RI Suchdev, Parmi/K-4851-2012; OI Suchdev, Parmi/0000-0002-0350-3469 NR 23 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1530-1567 J9 AMBUL PEDIATR JI Ambul. Pediatr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 317 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.ambp.2007.04.003 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 196SA UT WOS:000248501100012 PM 17660105 ER PT J AU Bier, DM Abrams, SA Bowman, BA Fukagawa, NK Gitlin, JD Klurfeld, DM Sacks, FM AF Bier, Dennis M. Abrams, Steven A. Bowman, Barbara A. Fukagawa, Naomi K. Gitlin, Jonathan D. Klurfeld, David M. Sacks, Frank M. TI Conflict of interest policy for editors of the American journal of clinical nutrition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Harvard Univ, Boston, MA USA. RP Bier, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dbier@bcm.tmc.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 86 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 189IF UT WOS:000247981900002 PM 17616755 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Kahn, HS Mei, Z Grummer-Strawn, LM Dietz, WH Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Freedman, David S. Kahn, Henry S. Mei, Zuguo Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. Dietz, William H. Srinivasan, Sathanur R. Berenson, Gerald S. TI Relation of body mass index and waist-to-height ratio to cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BMI; body mass index; waist; height; waist-to-height ratio; children; lipids; blood pressure; insulin ID HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; FAT DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; METABOLIC RISK; HEALTH-RISKS; OBESITY; MEN; CIRCUMFERENCE; PREDICTORS AB Background: Several investigators have concluded that the waist-to-height ratio is more strongly associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors than is the body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)). Objectives: We examined the relation of the BMI-for-age z score and waist-to-height ratio to risk factors (lipids, fasting insulin, and blood pressures). We also compared the abilities of these 2 indexes to identify children with adverse risk factors. Design: Children aged 5-17 y (n = 2498) in the Bogalusa Heart Study were evaluated. Results: As assessed by the ability of the 2 indexes to 1) account for the variability in each risk factor and 2) correctly identify children with adverse values, the predictive abilities of the BMI-for-age z score and waist-to-height ratio were similar. Waist-to-height ratio was slightly better (0.01-0.02 higher R-2 values, P < 0.05) in predicting concentrations of total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio and LDL cholesterol, but BMI was slightly better in identifying children with high systolic blood pressure (0.03 higher R-2, P < 0.05) in predicting measures of fasting insulin and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. On the basis of an overall index of the 6 risk factors, no difference was observed in the predictive abilities of BMI-for-age and waist-to-height ratio, with areas under the curves of 0.85 and 0.86 (P = 0.30) and multiple R-2 values of 0.320 and 0.318 (P = 0.79). This similarity likely results from thehigh intercorrelation (R-2 = 0.78) between the 2 indexes. Conclusions: BMI-for-age and waist-to-height ratio do not differ in their abilities to identify children with adverse risk factors. Although waist-to-height ratio may be preferred because of its simplicity, additional longitudinal data are needed to examine its relation to disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC K26,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dfreedman@cdc.gov OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG16592] NR 49 TC 156 Z9 169 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 86 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 189IF UT WOS:000247981900007 PM 17616760 ER PT J AU Berry, RJ Carter, HK Yang, QH AF Berry, Robert J. Carter, Heather K. Yang, Quanhe TI Cognitive impairment in older Americans in the age of folic acid fortification SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES; SUPPLEMENTS; VITAMIN-B-12; HEALTH; FOLATE; WOMEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Berry, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rjberry@cdc.gov OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 86 IS 1 BP 265 EP 267 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 189IF UT WOS:000247981900041 PM 17616791 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Warner, M Samuels, S Young, J Gerthoux, PM Needham, L Patterson, D Olive, D Gavoni, N Vercellini, P Mocarelli, P AF Eskenazi, Brenda Warner, Marcella Samuels, Steven Young, Jessica Gerthoux, Pier Mario Needham, Larry Patterson, Donald Olive, David Gavoni, Nicoletta Vercellini, Paolo Mocarelli, Paolo TI Serum dioxin concentrations and risk of uterine leiomyoma in the Seveso Women's Health Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruptors; leiomyoma; tetrachlorodibenzodioxin; uterus ID BREAST-CANCER; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL DES; IN-VITRO; FIBROIDS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; MODEL; TAMOXIFEN; TCDD; AGE AB Uterine leiomyomata (fibroids), benign neoplasms of the smooth muscle, are a major cause of hysterectomy. Exposure to hormonally active chemicals may play an etiologic role. The authors investigated the risk of uterine leiomyoma associated with exposure to 2,3,7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) for women who resided near Seveso, Italy, in 1976 at the time of a chemical explosion. Twenty years later, women enrolled in the Seveso Women's Health Study were asked about history of fibroids, medical records were obtained, and vaginal ultrasonography was performed for a subset. Serum collected soon after the explosion was analyzed for TCDD. A likelihood-based method that combines both historical and current status (ultrasound) data was adapted to estimate the hazard ratio. Of 956 eligible women, 251 (26.3%) had fibroids. Compared with that for women with TCDD levels of <= 20 parts per trillion, the age-adjusted hazard ratios were 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.41, 0.81) for women with levels of 20.1-75.0 parts per trillion and 0.62 (95% confidence interval: 0.44, 0.89) for women with levels of > 75.0 parts per trillion. This finding suggests that TCDD may have antiestrogenic effects in the uterine myometrium, in contrast to apparently estrogenic effects previously found in the breast of Seveso Women's Health Study women. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Milan, Dept Lab Med, Sch Med, Hosp Desio, Desio, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Madison, WI USA. Univ Milan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Mangiagalli Hosp, Milan, Italy. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eskenazi@berkeley.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Vercellini, Paolo/K-5295-2016 OI Vercellini, Paolo/0000-0003-4195-0996 FU FIC NIH HHS [F06 TW02075-01]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30-ES001896-17, R01 ES07171] NR 42 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm048 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 182UV UT WOS:000247530400012 PM 17443023 ER PT J AU Macaluso, M Blackwell, R Jamieson, DJ Kulczycki, A Chen, MP Akers, R Kim, DJ Duerr, A AF Macaluso, Maurizio Blackwell, Richard Jamieson, Denise J. Kulczycki, Andrzej Chen, Michael P. Akers, Rachel Kim, Dhong-jin Duerr, Ann TI Efficacy of the male latex condom and of the female polyurethane condom as barriers to semen during intercourse: A randomized clinical trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clinical trials; condoms; condoms; female; contraception; barrier; prostate-specific antigen; treatment outcome ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; SEX WORKERS; BREAKAGE; WOMEN; SLIPPAGE; FAILURE; RISK; PREVENTION; GONORRHEA AB In this 2000-2001 study, the authors compared the effectiveness of the male latex condom and the female polyurethane condom by assessing frequency and types of mechanical failure and by evaluating semen exposure during use. Eligible women from Birmingham, Alabama, were randomly assigned to begin the study with 10 male condoms and then switch to 10 female condoms (n = 55), or vice versa (n = 53), and were trained to use both types. Data collection included questionnaires for each condom use and measurement of prostate-specific antigen in specimens of vaginal fluid taken before and after intercourse. Participants returned 700 male condoms and 678 female condoms, and they reported mechanical problems for 9% and 34%, respectively. Moderate-high postcoital prostate-specific antigen levels (>= 22 ng/ml) were detected in 3.5% of male condom uses and 4.5% of female condom uses (difference = 1%, 95% confidence interval: -1.6, 3.7). Moderate-high prostate-specific antigen values (>= 22 ng/ml) were more frequent with mechanical problems (male condom, 9.6%; female condom, 9.4%) but less frequent with other problems (3.0% and 0.9%) or correct use with no problems (2.7% and 2.5%). This study indicates that although mechanical problems are more common with the female condom than with the male condom, these devices may involve a similar risk of semen exposure. Objectively assessed semen exposure is associated with self-reported mechanical problems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, WA USA. RP Macaluso, M (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mmacaluso@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 44 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 1 BP 88 EP 96 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm046 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 182UV UT WOS:000247530400013 PM 17420182 ER PT J AU Keppel, KG AF Keppel, Kenneth G. TI Ten largest racial and ethnic health disparities in the United States based on healthy people 2010 objectives SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethnic groups; health promotion; minority groups; public health AB A consistent framework has been developed for measuring health disparities and making comparisons across indicators with regard to the public health goals of Healthy People 2010. Disparities are measured as the percent difference from the best group rate, with all indicators being expressed in terms of adverse events. The 10 largest health disparities for each of five US racial and ethnic groups are identified here. There are both similarities and differences in the largest health disparities. New cases of tuberculosis and drug-induced death rates are among the largest health disparities for four of the five racial and ethnic groups. However, drug-induced death is the only indicator among the 10 largest disparities that is shared by both Black and White non-Hispanic populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Keppel, KG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6314, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM KKeppel@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm044 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 182UV UT WOS:000247530400014 PM 17463050 ER PT J AU Wooten, KG Luman, ET Barker, LE AF Wooten, Karen G. Luman, Elizabeth T. Barker, Lawrence E. TI Socioeconomic factors and persistent racial disparities in childhood vaccination SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE vaccination coverage; socioeconomic factors; racial disparities ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; HEALTH-CARE; UNITED-STATES; RACIAL/ETHNIC DISPARITIES; CHILDREN; COVERAGE; INCOME; URBAN; US; SEGREGATION AB Objective: To better understand the effects of socioeconomic factors on racial disparities in childhood vaccination. Methods: The National Immunization Survey data collected in 1999-2003 among children 19-35 months of age were analyzed using chi-square tests for trends and logistic regression modeling. Statistical significance was; based on P < 0.05. Results: When adjusted by mother's education and household income, racial disparities in childhood vaccination were substantially reduced. The adjustment for mother's education reduced the disparity only slightly, but the adjustment for household income had the greater impact. Conclusions: Research should examine socioeconomic differences across populations to better understand racial disparities in health. C1 Global Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30330 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wooten, KG (reprint author), Global Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,E62, Atlanta, GA 30330 USA. EM Kwooten@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 434 EP 445 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 179ZG UT WOS:000247328700010 PM 17511578 ER PT J AU Galinsky, T Swanson, N Sauter, S Dunkin, R Hurrell, J Schleifer, L AF Galinsky, Traci Swanson, Naomi Sauter, Steven Dunkin, Robin Hurrell, Joseph Schleifer, Lawrence TI Supplementary breaks and stretching exercises for data entry operators: A follow-up field study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE rest breaks; computers; stretching exercises; musculoskeletal discomfort; eyestrain; fatigue; productivity ID WORK-REST SCHEDULES; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; COMPUTER-WORK; VDT OPERATORS; DISCOMFORT; PERFORMANCE; SYMPTOMS; TASKS; NECK AB Background This study expanded previous NIOSH-IRS research examining the effects of rest breaks and stretching exercises on symptoms and performance in data-entry workers. Methods All workers spent 4 weeks with conventional breaks (two 15 min breaks per day) and 4 weeks with supplementary breaks (two 15 min breaks plus four 5 min breaks per day). One-half were assigned at random to a group instructed to perform brief stretching exercises during breaks. The remainder comprised the "no stretching" (control) group. Results 51 workers (stretch group n = 21; no stretch group n = 30) completed the study symptom questionnaires. Discomfort and eyestrain were significantly lower with supplementary breaks, and supplementary breaks attenuated accumulation of discomfort and eyestrain during work sessions. Data-entry speed was significantly faster with supplementary breaks so that work output was maintained, despite replacing 20 min of work time with break time. In the stretch group, workers reported stretching during only 25% of conventional breaks and 39% of supplementary breaks, and no significant effects of stretching on discomfort or performance were observed. Conclusions These results provide further converging evidence that supplementary breaks reliably minimize discomfort and eyestrain without impairing productivity. Low compliance in performing stretches prevented valid assessment of stretching effects. Further research on stretching exercises and exercise compliance is warranted. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Internal Revenue Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Galinsky, T (reprint author), 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM tgalinsky@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-3586 EI 1097-0274 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 50 IS 7 BP 519 EP 527 DI 10.1002/ajim.20472 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 184WL UT WOS:000247673200004 PM 17514726 ER PT J AU Green, RF Stoler, JM AF Green, Ridgely Fisk Stoler, Joan Marilyn TI Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B genotype and fetal alcohol syndrome: a HuGE minireview SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ADH1B; ADH2; alcohol dehydrogenase; epidemiology; fetal alcohol syndrome ID ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE GENOTYPES; METABOLIZING ENZYME GENES; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASES; AMERICAN MISSION INDIANS; LIVER-DISEASE; CHRONIC-PANCREATITIS; JAPANESE ALCOHOLICS; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; BIRTH-DEFECTS AB Fetal alcohol syndrome ( FAS), 1 of the most common developmental disabilities in the United States, occurs at a rate of 0.5- 2.0: 1000 live births. Animal model, family, and twin studies suggest a genetic component to FAS susceptibility. Alcohol dehydrogenases ( ADHs) catalyze the rate-limiting step in alcohol metabolism. Studies of genetic associations with FAS have focused on the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B ( ADH1B) gene, comparing mothers and children with the alleles ADH1B* 2 or ADH1B* 3, associated with faster ethanol metabolism, with those homozygous for ADH1B* 1. While most studies have found a protective effect for genotypes containing ADH1B* 2 or ADH1B* 3, results have been conflicting, and further investigation into the association between the ADH1B genotype and FAS is needed. Whether increased alcohol intake accounts for the elevated risk reported for the ADH1B* 1/ ADH1B* 1 genotype should be addressed, and future studies would benefit from consistent case definitions, enhanced exposure measurements, larger sample sizes, and careful study design. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Green, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 135 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 197 IS 1 BP 12 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.02.028 PG 14 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 188HH UT WOS:000247910500003 PM 17618743 ER PT J AU Klabunde, CN Meissner, HI Wooten, KG Breen, N Singleton, JA AF Klabunde, Carrie N. Meissner, Helen I. Wooten, Karen G. Breen, Nancy Singleton, James A. TI Comparing colorectal cancer screening and immunization status in older Americans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; RACIAL/ETHNIC DISPARITIES; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; UNITED-STATES; INFLUENZA; MEDICARE; CARE; VALIDATION; TELEPHONE AB Background: This study examined patterns of use of three adult preventive services-influenza vaccination, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination, and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening; factors associated with different use patterns; and reasons for non-use. Methods: Data from 3675 individuals aged 65 and older responding to the 2004 National Adult Immunization Survey, which included a CRC screening module, were analyzed in 2005-2006. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize patterns of use of preventive services, and to assess reasons for non-use. Polytomous logistic regression modeling was used to identify predictors of specific use patterns. Results: Thirty-seven percent of respondents were current with all three preventive services; 10% were not current with any. Preventive services rise varied by demographic and healthcare utilization characteristics. Having a recent visit to a doctor or other health provider was the most consistent predictor of use. Concern about side effects was the most frequently cited reason for not having an influenza vaccination (25%), while not knowing that the preventive service was needed was the most common reason for non-use of pneumonia vaccination (47%) and CRC tests (44% FOBT, 51% sigmoidoscopy, 47% colonoscopy). Conclusions: Rates of influenza and pneumonia vaccination and CRC screening are suboptimal. This is especially apparent when examining the combined use of these services. Patient and provider activation and the new "Welcome to Medicare" benefit are among the strategies that may improve use of these services among older Americans. Ongoing monitoring and further research are required to determine the most effective approaches. C1 NCI, Hlth Serv & Econ Branch, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Appl Canc Screening Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Klabunde, CN (reprint author), NCI, Hlth Serv & Econ Branch, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, EPN 4005,6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM klabtmdc@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 CA999999]; NCI NIH HHS [Y01 PC004037, Y1-PC-4037] NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.043 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 184WF UT WOS:000247672600001 PM 17572304 ER PT J AU Schneider, DL Lobato, MN AF Schneider, Diana L. Lobato, Mark N. TI Tuberculosis control among people in US immigration and customs enforcement custody SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Background: People detained by United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) are a high-risk population for tuberculosis (TB). Detainees are screened for TB upon intake, and TB patients are reported to the Division of Immigration Health Services (DIHS). Methods: TB case reports were reviewed for ICE detainees reported to DIHS during 2004-2005. Case counts and frequency distributions are presented. Case counts are stratified by demographic characteristics, release status, laboratory and clinical findings, HIV/AIDS status, and drug resistance. Case rates were calculated for patients housed at facilities with DINS staffing. Duration of treatment and of ICE custody is provided. Analyses were conducted in 2006. Results: During 2004 and 2005, 76 and 142 TB patients were reported, respectively. The TB case rate was 82.6/100,000 in 2004 and 121.5/100,000 in 2005. The culture-confirmed case rate of 55.8/100,000 in 2005 was 2.5 times higher than the case rate in the U.S. foreign-born population. Of 218 patients, 127 (58.3%) had Mycobacterium tuberculosis-positive sputum cultures, 70 (32.1%) had acid-fast bacilli-positive sputum smears, and 36 (16.5%) were symptomatic at diagnosis. Patients from Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador accounted for 184 cases (84.4%) and 184 patients (84.4%) were repatriated. TB patients spent an average 82.6 days in treatment before release or repatriation. Conclusions: Screening at intake to ICE custody has helped DIHS staff in diagnosing TB and starting patients on treatment, but patients are usually deported before completing therapy. Because of deportation, and sometimes re-entry into the United States, unique collaborations are required to support completion of treatment. C1 US PHS, Div Immigrat Hlth Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schneider, DL (reprint author), US PHS, Div Immigrat Hlth Serv, 1220 L St NW,Suite 500, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM Diana.Schneider@dhs.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.044 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 184WF UT WOS:000247672600002 PM 17572305 ER PT J AU Weiss, EC Galuska, DA Khan, LK Gillespie, C Serdula, MK AF Weiss, Edward C. Galuska, Deborah A. Khan, Laura Kettel Gillespie, Cathleen Serdula, Mary K. TI Weight regain in US adults who experienced substantial weight loss, 1999-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXPANDING PORTION SIZES; LOSS MAINTENANCE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; LOSS PROGRAM; AMERICAN ADULTS; UNITED-STATES; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; HEALTH AB Relatively few studies have focused on who is at risk for weight regain after weight loss and how to prevent it. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and predictors of weight regain in U.S. adults who had experienced substantial weight loss. Methods: Data were analyzed from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This study examined U.S. adults aged 20-84 years who were overweight or obese at their maximum weight (body mass index >= 25) and had experienced substantial weight loss (weighed 10% less than their maximum weight 1 year before they were surveyed) (n=1310). Results: Compared to their weight 1 year ago, 7.6% had continued to lose weight (> 5%), 58.9% had maintained their weight (within 5%), and 33.5% had regained weight (> 5%). Factors associated with weight regain (vs weight maintenance or loss) included Mexican American ethnicity (versus non-Hispanic white) (odds ratio [OR] =2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.3-3.1), losing a greater percentage of maximum weight (?20% vs 10% to < 15%) (OR=2.8; 95% C1=2.0-4.1), having fewer years since reaching maximum weight (2-5 years VS > 10 years) (OR=2.1; 95% CI=1.2-3.7), reporting greater daily screen time (?4 hours vs 0-1 hour) (OR=2.0; 95% C1=1.3-3.2), and attempting to control weight (OR=1.8; 95% CI=1.1-3.0). Finally, weight regain was higher in those who were sedentary (OR= 1.8; 95% C1=1.0-3.0) or not meeting public health recommendations for physical activity (OR-2.0; 95% C1=1.2-3.5). Conclusions: How to achieve the skills necessary for long-term maintenance of weight loss in the context of an obesogenic environment remains a challenge. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weiss, EC (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ecweiss@cdc.gov OI Gillespie, Cathleen/0000-0003-1878-1055 NR 58 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 6 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.040 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 184WF UT WOS:000247672600006 PM 17572309 ER PT J AU Brownson, RC Ballew, P Dieffenderfer, B Haire-Joshu, D Heath, GW Kreuter, MW Myers, BA AF Brownson, Ross C. Ballew, Paula Dieffenderfer, Brian Haire-Joshu, Debra Heath, Gregory W. Kreuter, Matthew W. Myers, Bradford A. TI Evidence-based interventions to promote physical activity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; PUBLIC-HEALTH PROGRAMS; DISSEMINATION RESEARCH; DISEASE PREVENTION; UNITED-STATES; DIFFUSION; QUESTIONNAIRES; DETERMINANTS; ENVIRONMENT; ADOPTION AB Background: Evidence-based guidelines for promoting physical activity have been produced, yet sparse information exists on the dissemination of effective interventions. The purpose of this study was to better understand the dissemination of physical activity interventions across the United States, focusing particularly on evidence-based guidelines. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the U.S. that was organized around a modified version of the diffusion of innovations theory. Setting/Participants: Respondents (n=49) were the physical activity contact person (e.g., program administrator tor, health educator) in each state or territorial health department. Main Outcome Measures: Seven specific programs and policies relating to physical activity intervention were examined as dependent variables. Five additional domains-organizational climate, aware: ness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance-framed a set of independent variables. Results: The most important factor related to decision making was the availability of adequate resources. Most respondents (89.8%) were aware of evidence-based guidelines to promote physical activity. However, less than half of the respondents (41%) had the authority to implement evidence-based programs and policies. A minority of respondents reported having support from their state governor (35.4%) or from most of their state legislators (21.3%). Several key factors were associated with the adoption of evidence-based interventions, including the presence of state funding for physical activity, whether the respondent participated in moderate physical activity, presence of adequate staffing, and presence of a supportive state legislature. Conclusions: Awareness of the importance of promoting physical activity is relatively high in state and territorial health departments; however, the levels of internal support within the health department appear to outweigh any outside support from elected officials. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Obes Prevent Ctr, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. St Louis Univ, Hlth Commun Res Lab, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Chattanooga, TN USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Marketing, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brownson, RC (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 3545 Lafayette Ave,Salus Ctr 475, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM brownson@slu.edu FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU710806] NR 46 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 SU 1 BP S66 EP S78 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.03.011 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 187YD UT WOS:000247884300007 PM 17584593 ER PT J AU Cunningham-Sabo, L Carpenter, WR Peterson, JC Anderson, LA Helfrich, CD Davis, SM AF Cunningham-Sabo, Leslie Carpenter, William R. Peterson, Jeffery C. Anderson, Lynda A. Helfrich, Christian D. Davis, Sally M. TI Utilization of prevention research - Searching for evidence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID BRIEF ALCOHOL INTERVENTION; PRIMARY-HEALTH-CARE; CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES; KONG CHINESE WOMEN; HIV PREVENTION; GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS; DECISION-MAKING; FAMILY-PRACTICE; SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS AB Objective: Understanding the process of translating prevention research into practice calls for systematic efforts to assess the state of the published literature on the utilization of prevention research in public health programs and policy. This review describes the search strategy, methods, results, and challenges in identifying and reviewing literature relevant to this objective. Methods: Systematic searches of topics related to prevention research in literature published in 1995-2002 revealed 86 empiric articles in 12 public health areas. Results: A lack of uniform terminology, variation in publication sources, and limited descriptions of the stages of research utilization (e.g., adoption and implementation) in the published literature posed major challenges to identifying articles that met study criteria. Most accepted articles assessed the adoption or implementation of prevention research; four examined long-term sustainability. There was approximately equal distribution of reported research set in either health services or public health settings. Few of the articles contained search terms reflecting all four concept areas (prevention, public health, research, and use) targeted by the literature search. Conclusions: Refining terms used in prevention research and research utilization could address lack of shared and unique definitions. Expanded reporting of research utilization stages in reports of prevention research could lead to improved literature searches and contribute to more successful adoption, implementation, and further use of prevention research products. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Washington State Univ, Edward R Murrow Sch Commun, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Hlth Aging Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Hlth Serv Res & Dev, Seattle, WA USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Prevent Res Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Cunningham-Sabo, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Icsabo@cahs.colostate.edu RI Carpenter, William/E-5125-2013; Helfrich, Christian/D-2382-2016 OI Helfrich, Christian/0000-0002-9827-4768 FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU610818-08] NR 110 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 SU 1 BP S9 EP S20 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.03.010 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 187YD UT WOS:000247884300003 PM 17584594 ER PT J AU Kacanek, D Eldridge, GD Nealey-Moore, J MacGowan, RJ Binson, D Flanigan, TP Fitzgerald, CC Sosman, JM AF Kacanek, Deborah Eldridge, Gloria D. Nealey-Moore, Jill MacGowan, Robin J. Binson, Diane Flanigan, Timothy P. Fitzgerald, Christine C. Sosman, James M. CA Project START Study Grp TI Young incarcerated men's perceptions of and experiences with HIV testing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DRUG-USERS; HEALTH; PRISON; INMATES; RISK; OPPORTUNITY; POPULATION; PREVENTION; SAMPLE; CARE AB We analyzed incarcerated men's perceptions of and experiences with HIV testing. Interviews were conducted with 105 men, aged 18 to 29 years, in 4 states. Most men had received an HIV test while incarcerated because it was convenient or free or because they thought it was mandatory. At most sites, men believed they were HIV-negative because they never received test results. Some men did not know the diseases for which they had been tested. Some men avoided HIV testing outside prison because they lacked time, lacked resources, feared knowing the results, or perceived themselves to not be at risk. HIV testing programs for young men inside or outside prison should address barriers to HIV testing, communicate the meaning and extent of testing, and improve notification of those with HIV-negative results. C1 [Kacanek, Deborah; Flanigan, Timothy P.; Fitzgerald, Christine C.] Brown Med Sch, Providence, RI USA. [Kacanek, Deborah; Flanigan, Timothy P.; Fitzgerald, Christine C.] Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. [Eldridge, Gloria D.] Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK USA. [Nealey-Moore, Jill] Univ Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. [MacGowan, Robin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Binson, Diane] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Sosman, James M.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kacanek, D (reprint author), Ibis Reprod Hlth, 17 Dunster St,Suite 201, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dkacanek@ibisreproductivehealth.org OI McGregor, Howard/0000-0001-7532-8324 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI07438, T32 AI007438]; PHS HHS [CCU514804, CCU914806, CCU114812, CCU414879] NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2007 VL 97 IS 7 BP 1209 EP 1215 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.085886 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297WJ UT WOS:000255647800011 PM 17538063 ER PT J AU Coker, AL Flerx, VC Smith, PH Whitaker, DJ Fadden, MK Williams, M AF Coker, Ann L. Flerx, Vicki C. Smith, Paige H. Whitaker, Daniel J. Fadden, Mary Kay Williams, Melinda TI Partner violence screening in rural health care clinics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; ABUSE; PREVALENCE; WOMEN; CONSEQUENCES; FREQUENCY; FAMILY AB Objectives. We sought to determine the frequency of intimate partner violence by type in a large, clinic-based, nurse-administered screening and services intervention project. Methods. A brief intimate partner violence screen, which included items to measure sexual and physical assaults and psychological battering (using the Women's Experience With Battering scale) was administered to consenting women receiving care at 1 of 8 rural clinics in South Carolina. Results. Between April 2002 and August 2005, 4945 eligible women were offered intimate partner violence screening, to which 3664 (74.1%) consented. Prevalence of intimate partner violence in a current (ongoing) relationship was 13.3%, and 939 women (25.6%) had experienced intimate partner violence at some point in the past 5 years. Of those ever experiencing intimate partner violence, the majority (65.6%) experienced both assaults and psychological battering; 10.1% experienced assault only, and 24.3% experienced psychological battering only. Most women (85.5%) currently experiencing both psychological battering and assaults stated that violence was a problem in their current relationship. Conclusions. The intimate partner violence screening technique we used was feasible to implement, acceptable to women seeking health care at the targeted clinics, and indicated a high proportion of women reporting intimate partner violence in the past 5 years, with a majority of those women stating that such violence was a problem in their relationships. These findings demonstrated the viability of the screening technique, which supports the growing importance of implementing intimate partner violence screenings in clinical settings in order to reduce the prevalence of violence in intimate relationships. C1 Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Discipline Epidemiol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Flerx, Vicki C.] Univ S Carolina, Inst Families & Soc, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Smith, Paige H.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Womens Hlth & Wellness, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. [Whitaker, Daniel J.; Williams, Melinda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fadden, Mary Kay] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Brownsville, TX USA. RP Coker, AL (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Discipline Epidemiol, Hlth Sci Ctr, 1200 Herman Pressler, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Ann.l.Coker@uth.tmc.edu RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 FU PHS HHS [US4CCU419014] NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2007 VL 97 IS 7 BP 1319 EP 1325 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.085357 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297WJ UT WOS:000255647800027 PM 17538065 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Reynolds, PJ Ettestad, P Brown, T Enscore, RE Biggerstaff, BJ Cheek, J Bueno, R Targhetta, J Montenieri, JA Gage, KL AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Reynolds, Pamela J. Ettestad, Paul Brown, Ted Enscore, Russell E. Biggerstaff, Brad J. Cheek, James Bueno, Rudy Targhetta, Joseph Montenieri, John A. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Residence-linked human plague in New Mexico: A habitat-suitability model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, has been detected in fleas and mammals throughout the western United States. This highly virulent infection is rare in humans, surveillance of the disease is expensive, and it often was assumed that risk of exposure to Y. pestis is high in most of the western United States. For these reasons. some local health departments in these plague-affected regions have hesitated to undertake surveillance and other prevention activities. To aid in targeting limited public health resources, we created a fine-resolution human plague risk map for New Mexico, the state reporting more than half the human cases in the United States. Our GIS-based model included three landscape features-a nonlinear relationship with elevation, distance to water, and distance to the ecotone between Rocky Mountain/Great Basin open and closed coniferous woodlands-and yielded an overall accuracy of approximate to 80%. The model classified 17.25% of the state as posing significant risk of exposure to humans on privately or tribally owned land, which suggests that resource requirements for regular surveillance and control of plague could be effectively focused on < 20% of the state. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Zoonoses Program, Santa Fe, NM USA. New Mexico Environm Dept, Vector Control Program, Santa Fe, NM USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. City Albuquerque Div Environm Hlth, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 77 IS 1 BP 121 EP 125 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 189HK UT WOS:000247979800021 PM 17620642 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Mendoza, CE Priest, JW Glass, RI Monroe, SS Dauphin, LA Bibb, WF Lopez, MB Alvarez, M Mintz, ED Luby, SP AF Crump, John A. Mendoza, Carlos E. Priest, Jeffrey W. Glass, Roger I. Monroe, Stephan S. Dauphin, Leslie A. Bibb, William F. Lopez, M. Beatriz Alvarez, Maricruz Mintz, Eric D. Luby, Stephen P. TI Comparing serologic response against enteric pathogens with reported diarrhea to assess the impact of improved household drinking water quality SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 19-22, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FLOCCULANT-DISINFECTANT; PERUVIAN CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; GASTROENTERITIS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION; ANTIBODIES; GUATEMALA AB We evaluated enteric infection serology as an alternative outcome measure to diarrhea prevalence in a randomized controlled trial of household-based drinking water treatment; 492 households were randomly assigned to 5 household-based water treatment interventions or control. Individuals were followed weekly over 52 weeks to measure diarrhea prevalence. Study subjects of age >= 6 months and < 24 months had blood drawn at entry and exit from the study or age cohort. Serologic assays for Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and Norovirus were done. Of 343 subjects eligible for the study, the proportions of subjects experiencing serologic responses were 56% for Norovirus, 24% for C. parvum, 10% for ETEC, and 16% for G. intestinalis. Serologic response was associated with increased diarrhea prevalence only for G. intestinalis (P 0.0134). Serologic response to the antigens tested for G. intestinalis but not for Norovirus, C. parvum, and ETEC may be a useful health-effect measure. Larger intervention studies that yield a more marked effect on diarrheal disease, use additional and improved serologic assays, and that collect serum samples at more frequent intervals are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Div Viral & Rickettsial, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch,Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Reg Off Cent Amer & Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Crump, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Div Viral & Rickettsial, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch,Div Parasit Dis, MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcrump@cdc.gov OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 77 IS 1 BP 136 EP 141 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 189HK UT WOS:000247979800024 PM 17620645 ER PT J AU Jacobson, JA Hills, SL Winkler, JL Mammen, M Thaisomboonsuk, B Marfin, AA Gibbons, RV AF Jacobson, Julie A. Hills, Susan L. Winkler, Jennifer L. Mammen, Mammen Thaisomboonsuk, Butsaya Marfin, Anthony A. Gibbons, Robert V. TI Evaluation of three immunoglobulin M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; VIRUS; SERUM; IGM AB Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is a major cause of neurologic infection in Asia, but surveillance has been limited. Three JE immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits have recently been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate their sensitivity, specificity, and usability using 360 acute-phase serum samples containing JE, dengue, or neither IgM antibody. The kits, manufactured by Panbio Limited, Inbios International, Inc., and XCyton Diagnostics Ltd, had high sensitivities of 89.3%, 99.2%, and 96.7%, respectively. The specificities were 99.2%, 56.1%, and 65.3%, respectively. When dengue IgM-positive samples were excluded, the kits had specificities of 98.4%, 96.1%, and 96.1%, respectively. The Panbio kit includes both JE and dengue antigens and appears to have an advantage in settings where dengue virus co-circulates, although further assessments in clinical settings are needed. This information is helpful in considering options for strengthening the laboratory component of JE surveillance. C1 PATH, Japanese Encephalitis Project, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP Jacobson, JA (reprint author), PATH, Japanese Encephalitis Project, 1455 NW LEary Way, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM jjacobs@path.org; shills@path.org; jwinkler@path.org; mammen.mammen@us.army.mil; ButsayaT@afrims.org; aam0@cdc.gov; Robert.Gibbons@afrims.org NR 16 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 77 IS 1 BP 164 EP 168 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 189HK UT WOS:000247979800028 PM 17620649 ER PT J AU McCaig, LF McDonald, LC Cohen, AL Kuehnert, MJ AF McCaig, Linda F. McDonald, L. Clifford Cohen, Adam L. Kuehnert, Matthew J. TI Increasing blood culture use at US hospital emergency department visits, 2001 to 2004 SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 09-12, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; ADULT PATIENTS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT; CHILDREN; BACTEREMIA; FEVER; RISK AB Study objective: We describe emergency department (ED) visits in which patients had blood cultured and examine changes in blood culture use. Methods: Data from the 2001 to 2004 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual sample survey of visits to US hospital EDs, were analyzed. About 400 EDs reported data for approximately 37,000 visits each year. Trends in blood culture use were examined among persons 3 months of age and older. Visits by admitted/transferred patients were compared to those released. Results: About 3.1 million blood cultures were ordered annually in US EDs; blood cultures were ordered at 2.8% of all visits. From 2001 through 2004, the proportion of visits where a blood culture was ordered increased by 33%, particularly in adults. The proportion of visits with a pneumonia diagnosis where a blood culture was ordered rose by 23% during the study period; these visits accounted for 22% of the increase in blood culture use among admitted patients. Almost half of blood cultures were ordered at visits in which the patient was released from the ED. For visits by released patients 3 years of age and older who had blood cultured, 43% had neither fever nor antibiotic prescriptions. Conclusion: There is an increasing national trend in the use of blood cultures at adult patient ED visits; a large proportion of these cultures were for released patients without apparent indicators for bacteremia, such as fever or antibiotic prescriptions. Factors and impact associated with this dynamically changing practice need further evaluation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ambulatory Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McCaig, LF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ambulatory Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3409 MS P-08, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM lfm1@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 50 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.12.002 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 186IX UT WOS:000247773500009 PM 17383772 ER PT J CA Ctr Dis Control & Prevention TI Public health surveillance for smallpox - United States, 2003-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1325-1327, 2006) SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Reprint C1 Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 14445 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 50 IS 1 BP 52 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.05.010 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 186IX UT WOS:000247773500011 ER PT J AU Hoffman, CS Small, CM Blanck, HM Tolbert, P Rubin, C Marcus, M AF Hoffman, Caroline S. Small, Chanley M. Blanck, Heidi Michels Tolbert, Paige Rubin, Carol Marcus, Michele TI Endometriosis among women exposed to polybrominated biphenyls SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort; endometriosis; Michigan; polybrominated biphenyls; polychlorinated biphenyls ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PERITONEAL ENDOMETRIOSIS; DIOXIN CONCENTRATIONS; PBB COHORT; SERUM; RISK; MICHIGAN; PCBS AB PURPOSE: We examined the association between endometriosis and exposure to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) among women inadvertently exposed to PBBs in 1973. METHODS: Serum PBBs and PCBs were measured in the late 1970s. Women self-reported endometriosis at interview in 1997. We constructed Cox models to estimate the relative incidence of endometriosis in relation to PBB and PCB levels. RESULTS: Seventy-nine of 943 women (9%) reported endometriosis. Compared with women with low PBB exposure (<= 1 parts per billion [ppb]), women with moderate PBB (1-4 ppb) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.31) and high PBB (>= 4 ppb) (FIR = 0.90; 95% Cl, 0.51-1.59) exposure did not have increased incidence of endometriosis. Increased incidence of endometriosis was suggested among women exposed to moderate PCB (5-8 ppb) (HR = 1.67; 95% Cl, 0.91-3.10) and high PCB (>= 8 ppb) (HR = 1.68; 95% Cl, 0.95-2.98) levels compared with low PCB exposure (<= 5 ppb). CONCLUSIONS: Our study does not support an association between PBB exposure and endometriosis. Findings for serum PCB level are consistent with an emerging body of literature suggesting an association between PCB exposure and endometriosis. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Marcus, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mmarcu@sph.emory.edu RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012014, R01 ES012014-01, R01 ES08341]; PHS HHS [U37/CCU500392] NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.11.005 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 187ZV UT WOS:000247888900003 PM 17448678 ER PT J AU Hill, VR Kahler, AM Jothikumar, N Johnson, TB Hahn, D Cromeans, TL AF Hill, Vincent R. Kahler, Amy M. Jothikumar, Narayanan Johnson, Trisha B. Hahn, Donghyun Cromeans, Theresa L. TI Multistate evaluation of an ultrafiltration-based procedure for simultaneous recovery of enteric microbes in 100-liter tap water samples SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW FIBER ULTRAFILTRATION; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; REAL-TIME PCR; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; GIARDIA; QUANTIFICATION AB Ultrafiltration (UF) is increasingly being recognized as a potentially effective procedure for concentrating and recovering microbes from large volumes of water and treated wastewater. Because of their very small pore sizes, UF membranes are capable of simultaneously concentrating viruses, bacteria, and parasites based on size exclusion. In this study, a UF-based water sampling procedure was used to simultaneously recover representatives of these three microbial classes seeded into 100-liter samples of tap water collected from eight cities covering six hydrologic areas of the United States. The UF-based procedure included hollow-fiber UF as the primary step for concentrating microbes and then used membrane filtration for bacterial culture assays, immunomagnetic separation for parasite recovery and quantification, and centrifugal UF for secondary concentration of viruses. Water samples were tested for nine water quality parameters to investigate whether water quality data correlated with measured recovery efficiencies and molecular detection levels. Average total method recovery efficiencies were 71, 97, 120, 110, and 91% for phi X174 bacteriophage, MS2 bacteriophage, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium perftingens spores, and Ctyptosporidium parvum oocysts, respectively. Realtime PCR and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for seeded microbes and controls indicated that tap water quality could affect the analytical performance of molecular amplification assays, although no specific water quality parameter was found to correlate with reduced PCR or RT-PCR performance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zooton Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hill, VR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vhill@cdc.gov RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 NR 24 TC 115 Z9 122 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 73 IS 13 BP 4218 EP 4225 DI 10.1128/AEM.02713-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 190PA UT WOS:000248070000017 PM 17483281 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Sunderland, D Rule, AM da Silva, AJ Moura, INS Tamang, L Girouard, AS Schwab, KJ Breysse, PN AF Graczyk, Thaddeus K. Sunderland, Deirdre Rule, Ana M. da Silva, Alexandre J. Moura, Iaci N. S. Tamang, Leena Girouard, Autumn S. Schwab, Kellogg J. Breysse, Patrick N. TI Urban feral pigeons (Columba livia) as a source for air- and waterborne contamination with Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 1ST DETECTION; MICROSPORIDIA; COLLECTION; PATHOGENS; BIRDS AB This study demonstrated that a person with 30 min of occupational or nonoccupational exposure to urban feral pigeons, such as exposure through the cleaning of surfaces contaminated with pigeon excrement, could inhale approximately 3.5 x 10(3) Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores and that 1.3 x 10(3) spores could be inhaled by a nearby person. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. US Dept Hlth & Publ Serv, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Decatur, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30333 USA. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Div Environm Hlth Engn, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM tgraczyk@jhsph.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES03819, P30 ES003819] NR 16 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 73 IS 13 BP 4357 EP 4358 DI 10.1128/AEM.00202-07 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 190PA UT WOS:000248070000035 PM 17483269 ER PT J AU Park, GW Boston, DM Kase, JA Sampson, MN Sobsey, MD AF Park, Geun Woo Boston, Deyanna M. Kase, Julie A. Sampson, Mark N. Sobsey, Mark D. TI Evaluation of liquid- and fog-based application of sterilox hy ochlorous acid solution for surface inactivation of human norovirus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROUND STRUCTURED VIRUSES; HUMAN ENTERIC VIRUSES; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; CHEMICAL DISINFECTION; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; HOSPITAL OUTBREAK; GASTROENTERITIS; WATER AB Noroviruses (NVs) are the most frequent cause of outbreaks of gastroenteritis in common settings, with surface-mediated transfer via contact with fecally contaminated surfaces implicated in exposure. NVs are environmentally stable and persistent and have a low infectious dose. Several disinfectants have been evaluated for efficacy to control viruses on surfaces, but the toxicity and potential damage to treated materials limits their applicability. Sterilox hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution (HAS) has shown broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity while being suitable for general use. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of HAS to reduce NV both in aqueous suspensions and on inanimate carriers. HOCl was further tested as a fog to decontaminate large spaces. HOCl effectiveness was evaluated using nonculturable human NV measured by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and two surrogate viruses, coliphage MS2 and murine NV, that were detected by both infectivity and RT-PCR. Exposing virus-contaminated carriers of ceramic the (porous) and stainless steel (nonporous) to 20 to 200 ppm of HOCl solution resulted in >= 99.9% (>= 3 log(10)) reductions of both infectivity and RNA titers of tested viruses within 10 min of exposure time. HOC] fogged in a confined space reduced the infectivity and RNA titers of NV, murine NV, and MS2 on these carriers by at least 99.9% (3 log(10)), regardless of carrier location and orientation. We conclude that HOCl solution as a liquid or fog is likely to be effective in disinfecting common settings to reduce NV exposures and thereby control virus spread via fomites. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. PuriCore Inc, Malvern, PA 19355 USA. RP Park, GW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gpark@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 73 IS 14 BP 4463 EP 4468 DI 10.1128/AEM.002839-06 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 192JL UT WOS:000248197400009 PM 17483283 ER PT J AU Hemakanthi De Alwis, GK Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Hemakanthi De Alwis, G. K. Needham, Larry L. Barr, Dana B. TI Automated solid phase extraction and quantitative measurement of 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLAME-RETARDANT; TRIS-BP; RATS AB 2,3-Dibromo-1-propanol (DBP) was used as an active flame retardant in the 1970s. It was also used as an intermediate in the preparation of insecticide formulations, pharmaceuticals and the flame retardants tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (Tris-BP) and tetrabromobisphenol A bis (2,3-dibromopropyl ether). DBP is also produced in vivo as a metabolic product of Tris-BP in humans. In 1977, sleepwear containing DBP and Tri-BP was banned because of evidence of carcinogenicity animal studies. Although the production of DBP was reduced after 1977, studies show that DBP is still detected in indoor air and dust; hence, the U.S. population may be exposed potentially to DBP. Only a few methods have been reported in the literature for assessing exposure to DBP or Tris-BP by measuring DBP in urine. These methods are based on a labor-intensive and time-consuming liquid-liquid extraction for the isolation of DBP from the urine matrix. To measure urinary DBP in humans, a fast, accurate, and sensitive method was developed with a limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL and extraction recovery of 96%. This method involves enzymatic cleavage of the DBP-glucuronide or sulfate conjugate, automated solid phase extraction, and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using 1,4-dibromo-2-butanol as the internal standard. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F 17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DBarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 53 IS 1 BP 134 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0094-3 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 177FD UT WOS:000247138100015 ER PT J AU Jarrett, JM Jones, RL Caldwell, KL Verdon, CP AF Jarrett, Jeffery M. Jones, Robert L. Caldwell, Kathleen L. Verdon, Carl P. TI Total urine arsenic measurements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a dynamic reaction cell SO ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; urine; dynamic reaction cell; ICP-DRC-MS; NHANES ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WHOLE-BLOOD; ICP-MS; INTERFERENCES; ACCURACY AB We describe here a simple, accurate, and rapid method to assess arsenic exposure by analyzing urine with inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry (ICP-DRC-MS). A comparison of the effectiveness of different reaction gases and internal standards, and results from an interlaboratory comparison of this method with other laboratory methodologies, is presented. Application of this method to biomonitoring for human exposure assessments, epidemiological investigations, and health effect outcome studies is also discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jarrett, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JJarret@CDC.GOV RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; OI Jarrett, Jeffery/0000-0001-5755-3552 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERKIN-ELMER CORP PI SHELTON PA 710 BRIDGEPORT AVENUE, SHELTON, CT 06484 USA SN 0195-5373 J9 ATOM SPECTROSC JI Atom. Spectrosc. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 28 IS 4 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 209RR UT WOS:000249406200001 ER PT J AU McKee, LG Forehand, R Miller, KS Whitaker, DJ Long, N Armistead, L AF McKee, Laura Gale Forehand, Rex Miller, Kim S. Whitaker, Daniel J. Long, Nicholas Armistead, Lisa TI Are parental gender role beliefs a predictor of change in sexual communication in a prevention program? SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article DE gender role; sexual communication ID TEEN COMMUNICATION; ADOLESCENTS; ATTITUDES AB This study examined if pre-intervention maternal gender role beliefs predict change in sexual communication in a sexual risk behavior prevention program designed to increase parent-pre-adolescent communication about sex. A sample of 281 African American fourth and fifth graders and their mothers participated in the five-session program and completed computerized questionnaires at baseline, postintervention, and 6-month follow-up. Based on mother report, more egalitarian maternal gender role beliefs predicted greater increases in parent-pre-adolescent communication about sex at postintervention. Based on pre-adolescent report, similar findings emerged at the 6-month follow-up, but only for boys. The relationship of maternal gender role beliefs to changes in sexual communication was not accounted for by maternal comfort with sexual communication with their pre-adolescents. The implications of maternal gender role beliefs in a prevention program designed to increase communication about sexual topics are considered. C1 Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP McKee, LG (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 435 EP 453 DI 10.1177/0145445506298411 PG 19 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 178GC UT WOS:000247208200005 ER PT J AU Sundaresh, S Randall, A Unal, B Petersen, JM Belisle, JT Hartley, MG Duffield, M Titball, RW Davies, DH Felgner, PL Baldi, P AF Sundaresh, Suman Randall, Arlo Unal, Berkay Petersen, Jeannine M. Belisle, John T. Hartley, M. Gill Duffield, Melanie Titball, Richard W. Davies, D. Huw Felgner, Philip L. Baldi, Pierre TI From protein microarrays to diagnostic antigen discovery: a study of the pathogen Francisella tularensis SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology/6th European Conference on Computational Biology CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA ID GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; MULTIPLE CANCER TYPES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K12; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; GENOME SEQUENCE; WEB SERVER; CLASSIFICATION; PREDICTION; MODEL AB Motivation: An important application of protein microarray data analysis is identifying a serodiagnostic antigen set that can reliably detect patterns and classify antigen expression profiles. This work addresses this problem using antibody responses to protein markers measured by a novel high-throughput microarray technology. The findings from this study have direct relevance to rapid, broad-based diagnostic and vaccine development. Results: Protein microarray chips are probed with sera from individuals infected with the bacteria Francisella tularensis, a category A biodefense pathogen. A two-step approach to the diagnostic process is presented ( 1) feature ( antigen) selection and ( 2) classification using antigen response measurements obtained from F. tularensis microarrays ( 244 antigens, 46 infected and 54 healthy human sera measurements). To select antigens, a ranking scheme based on the identification of significant immune responses and differential expression analysis is described. Classification methods including k-nearest neighbors, support vector machines (SVM) and k-Means clustering are applied to training data using selected antigen sets of various sizes. SVM based models yield prediction accuracy rates in the range of similar to 90% on validation data, when antigen set sizes are between 25 and 50. These results strongly indicate that the top-ranked antigens can be considered high-priority candidates for diagnostic development. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Informat & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Genom & Bioinformat, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Virus Res, Irvine, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Mycobacteriol Res Labs, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Def Sci & Technol Lab, Porton Down, England. RP Baldi, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Informat & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Belisle, John/B-8944-2017 OI Belisle, John/0000-0002-2539-2798 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1U01AI061363-01, U01AI056464]; NLM NIH HHS [5T15LM007743] NR 47 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 13 BP I508 EP I518 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm207 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 198IN UT WOS:000248620400084 PM 17646338 ER PT J AU Browne, ML Bell, EM Druschel, CM Gensburg, LJ Mitchell, AA Lin, AE Romitti, PA Correa, A AF Browne, Marilyn L. Bell, Erin M. Druschel, Charlotte M. Gensburg, Lenore J. Mitchell, Allen A. Lin, Angela E. Romitti, Paul A. Correa, Adolfo CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Maternal caffeine consumption and risk of cardiovascular malformations SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caffeine; birth defects; epidemiology; cardiovascular malformations ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; CONGENITAL HEART-DEFECTS; COFFEE CONSUMPTION; PREGNANCY; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; METABOLISM; PATTERNS; NAUSEA AB Background: The physiologic effects and common use of caffeine during pregnancy call for examination of maternal caffeine consumption and risk of birth defects. Epidemiologic studies have yielded mixed results, but such studies have grouped etiologically different defects and have not evaluated effect modification. Methods: The large sample size and precise case classification of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study allowed us to examine caffeine consumption and specific cardiovascular malformation (CVM) case groups. We studied consumption of caffeinated coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate to estimate total caffeine intake and separately examined exposure to each caffeinated beverage. Smoking, alcohol, vasoactive medications, folic acid supplement use, and infant gender were evaluated for effect modification. Maternal interview reports for 4,196 CVM case infants overall and 3,957 control infants were analyzed. Results: We did not identify any significant positive associations between maternal caffeine consumption and CVMs. For tetralogy of Fallot, nonsignificant elevations in risk were observed for moderate (but not high) caffeine intake overall and among nonsmokers (ORs of 1.3 to 1.5). Risk estimates for both smoking and consuming caffeine were less than the sum of the excess risks for each exposure. We observed an inverse trend between coffee intake and risk of atrial septal defect; however, this single significant pattern of association might have been a chance finding. Conclusions: Our study found no evidence for an appreciable teratogenic effect of caffeine with regard to CVMs. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Troy, NY USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Rensselaer, NY USA. Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. MassGen Hosp Children, Genet & Teratol Unit, Boston, MA USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Browne, ML (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, 547 River St,Room 200, Troy, NY USA. EM mlb10@health.state.ny.us RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; OI Mitchell, Allen/0000-0003-0950-6799 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU0223184] NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 79 IS 7 BP 533 EP 543 DI 10.1002/bdra.20365 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 190RG UT WOS:000248076000003 PM 17405163 ER PT J AU Ouyang, LJ Grosse, SD Armour, BS Waitzman, NJ AF Ouyang, Lijing Grosse, Scott D. Armour, Brian S. Waitzman, Norman J. TI Health care expenditures of children and adults with spina bifida in a privately insured US population SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Conference of the Spina-Bifida-Association CY JUN 26, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Spina Bifida Assoc DE spina bifida; medical care utilization; incremental medical expenditures; lifetime costs; economic evaluation ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; UNITED-STATES; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; PREVALENCE; CHILDHOOD; ILLNESSES; SURVIVAL; INFANTS AB Background: We provide new estimates of medical care utilization and expenditures over the lifespan for persons living with spina bifida in the United States. Updated estimates are essential for calculations of lifetime costs and for economic evaluations of prevention and management strategies for spina bifida. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2001-2003 MarketScan database on paid medical and prescription drug claims of persons covered by employer-sponsored health insurance in the United States. Medical care utilization and expenditures during 2003 were analyzed for persons with a diagnosis of spina bifida recorded during 2001-2003 who had 12 months of coverage in a fee-for-service health plan. To calculate expenditures during infancy, a separate analysis was performed for those born during 2002 with claims and expenditures data during the first 12 months of life. We compared medical expenditures for persons with and without spina bifida by age groups. Results: Average incremental medical expenditures comparing patients with spina bifida and those without were $41,460 per year at age 0, $14,070 at ages 1-17, $13,339 at ages 18-44, and $10,134 at ages 45-64. Children ages 1-17 years with spina bifida had average medical expenditures 13 times greater than children without spina bifida. Adults with spina bifida had average medical expenditures three to six times greater than adults without spina bifida in this privately insured population. Conclusions: Although per capita medical care utilization and expenditures are highest among children, adults constitute an important and growing share of the population living with spina bifida. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Econ, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Ouyang, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eop9@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 79 IS 7 BP 552 EP 558 DI 10.1002/bdra.20360 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 190RG UT WOS:000248076000005 PM 17335056 ER PT J AU Gardner, BR Strickland, MJ Correa, A AF Gardner, Bennett R. Strickland, Matthew J. Correa, Adolfo TI Application of the automated spatial surveillance program to birth defects surveillance data SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TRACKS 2006 Meeting CY AUG 09-11, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA DE automated spatial surveillance program; geographic information systems; Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program; spina bifida; folic acid; spatial-temporal disease monitoring ID NEW-YORK-STATE; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; GEOCODING METHODS; UNITED-STATES; FOLIC-ACID; FORTIFICATION; ACCURACY; QUALITY; CODE; RISK AB Background: Although many birth defects surveillance programs incorporate georeferenced records into their databases, practical methods for routine spatial surveillance are lacking. We present a macroprogram written for the software package R designed for routine exploratory spatial analysis of birth defects data, the Automated Spatial Surveillance Program (ASSP), and present an application of this program using spina bifida prevalence data for metropolitan Atlanta. Methods: Birth defects surveillance data were collected by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program. We generated ASSP maps for two groups of years that correspond roughly to the periods before (1994-1998) and after (1999-2002) folic acid fortification of flour. ASSP maps display census tract-specific spina bifida prevalence, smoothed prevalence contours, and locations of statistically elevated prevalence. We used these maps to identify areas of elevated prevalence for spina bifida. Results: We identified a large area of potential concern in the years following fortification of grains and cereals with folic acid. This area overlapped census tracts containing large numbers of Hispanic residents. Conclusions: The potential utility of ASSP for spatial disease monitoring was demonstrated by the identification of areas of high prevalence of spina bifida and may warrant further study and monitoring. We intend to further develop ASSP so that it becomes practical for routine spatial monitoring of birth defects. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evauluat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Strickland, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MStrickland@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 79 IS 7 BP 559 EP 564 DI 10.1002/bdra.20363 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 190RG UT WOS:000248076000006 PM 17385687 ER PT J AU Lammie, P Milner, T Houston, R AF Lammie, Patrick Milner, Trevor Houston, Robin TI Unfulfilled potential: using diethylcarbamazine-fortified salt to eliminate lymphatic filariasis SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID KINMEN QUEMOY ISLANDS; DEC-MEDICATED SALT; REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY; IODINE DEFICIENCY; MASS TREATMENT; 4 STRATEGIES; CHEMOTHERAPY; INDIA AB Fortifying salt with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is a safe, low-cost and effective strategy to eliminate transmission of lymphatic filariasis. DEC-fortified salt has been used successfully in pilot projects in several countries and has been used operationally by China to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. The successful use of iodized salt to eliminate iodine-deficiency disorders is encouraging; similarly, fortified salt could be used as a vehicle to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Despite the potential programmatic advantages of fortifying salt with DEC instead of undertaking mass administration of tablets, DEC-fortified salt remains an underutilized intervention. We discuss the reasons for this and suggest settings in which the use of DEC-fortified salt should be considered. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. Emory Univ, Lymphat Filariasis Support Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Lammie, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pjl1@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 85 IS 7 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.2471/BLT.06.034108 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 190LX UT WOS:000248061400010 PM 17768503 ER PT J AU Linden, HM Reisch, LM Hart, A Harrington, MA Nakano, C Jackson, JC Elmore, JG AF Linden, Hannah M. Reisch, Lisa M. Hart, Alton, Jr. Harrington, Margaret A. Nakano, Connie Jackson, J. Carey Elmore, Joann G. TI Attitudes toward participation in breast cancer randomized clinical trials in the African American community - A focus group study SO CANCER NURSING LA English DT Article DE African American; breast cancer; clinical trials; focus group study ID MEDICAL-RESEARCH; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; INFORMED-CONSENT; MINORITIES; POPULATIONS; SURVIVAL; TUSKEGEE; HEALTH; WOMEN; WILLINGNESS AB Participation of African Americans in research trials is low. Understanding the perspectives of African American patients toward participation in clinical trials is essential to understanding the disparities in participation rates compared with whites. A qualitative study was conducted to discover attitudes of the African American community regarding willingness to participate in breast cancer screening and randomized clinical trials. Six focus groups consisting of 8 to I I African American women (N = 58), aged 30 to 65, were recruited from local churches. Focus group sessions involved a 2-hour audio-taped discussion facilitated by 2 moderators. A breast cancer randomized clinical trial involving an experimental breast cancer treatment was discussed to identify the issues related to willingness to participate in such research studies. Six themes surrounding willingness to participate in randomized clinical trials were identified: (1) Significance of the research topic to the individual and/or community; (2) level of trust in the system; (3) understanding of the elements of the trial; (4) preference for "natural treatments" or "religious intervention" over medical care; (5) cost-benefit analysis of incentives and barriers; and (6) openness to risk versus a preference for proven treatments. The majority (80%) expressed willingness or open-mindedness to the idea of participating in the hypothetical trial. Lessons learned from this study support the selection of a culturally diverse research staff and can guide the development of research protocols, recruitment efforts, and clinical procedures that are culturally sensitive and relevant. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Oncol, Seattle Canc Care Alliance, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Internal Med, Massey Canc Ctr, Div Qual Hlth Care,Canc Control Program, Richmond, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Human Res Protect Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Robert Wood Johnson Clin Scholars Program, Seattle, WA USA. RP Linden, HM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Oncol, Seattle Canc Care Alliance, Box 358081,825 Eastlake Ave E,G3-200, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM hmlinden@u.washington.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [K05 CA104699-07, K05 CA104699] NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0162-220X J9 CANCER NURS JI Cancer Nurs. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1097/01.NCC.0000281732.02738.31 PG 9 WC Oncology; Nursing SC Oncology; Nursing GA 196PA UT WOS:000248493300002 PM 17666974 ER PT J AU Yazdy, MM Honein, MA Rasmussen, SA Frias, JL AF Yazdy, Mahsa M. Honein, Margaret A. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Frias, Jaime L. TI Priorities for future public health research in orofacial clefts SO CLEFT PALATE-CRANIOFACIAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Prioritizing a Research Agenda for Orofacial Clefts CY JAN 23-24, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA DE orofacial clefts; public health; research priorities ID NONSYNDROMIC ORAL CLEFTS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; BIRTH-DEFECTS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; MATERNAL OBESITY; ALCOHOL-USE; RISK; CHILDREN AB The National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a workshop in January 2006, entitled "Prioritizing a Research Agenda for Orofacial Clefts." The goals of the meeting were to review existing research on orofacial clefts (OFCs), identify gaps in knowledge that need additional public health research, and develop a prioritized research agenda that can help guide future public health research. Experts in the field of epidemiology, public health, genetics, psychology, speech pathology, dentistry, and health economics participated to create the research agenda. Research gaps identified by the participants for additional public health research included: the roles of maternal nutrition, obesity, and diabetes in the etiology of OFCs; psychosocial outcomes for children with OFCs; the quality of life for families and children with OFCs; and the health care costs of OFCs. To create the research agenda, the participants prioritized the research gaps by public health importance, feasibility, and outcomes of interest. This report summarizes the workshop. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mcking Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Fellowship Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Yazdy, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MYazdy@cdc.gov OI Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928; Yazdy, Mahsa/0000-0002-7415-5350 NR 58 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1055-6656 J9 CLEFT PALATE-CRAN J JI Cleft Palate-Craniofac. J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1597/06-233.1 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Surgery SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Surgery GA 193SR UT WOS:000248295300001 PM 17608558 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Cook, JD Mei, ZG Cogswell, ME Looker, AC Lacher, DA AF Pfeiffer, Christine M. Cook, James D. Mei, Zuguo Cogswell, Mary E. Looker, Anne C. Lacher, David A. TI Evaluation of an automated soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) assay on the Roche Hitachi analyzer and its comparison to two ELISA assays SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE soluble transferrin receptor; iron deficiency; body iron model; NHANES; analytical performance; method comparison ID IRON-DEFICIENCY; SERUM; KITS AB Background: Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) assays are currently not standardized. This hinders data comparison between studies and also affects the use of a recently proposed model to estimate body iron. Methods: We evaluated the analytical performance of a fully automated sTfR immunoturbidimetric assay (Roche Diagnostics) and compared it with two ELISA assays (Ramco Laboratories and an in-house ELISA assay used in the body iron model). Results: The Roche assay showed excellent intra- and inter-assay precision (CV <5%). Prolonged exposure of serum samples to room temperature and multiple freeze-thaw cycles did not affect sTfR concentrations. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the Roche assay (area-under-the-curve (AUC) = 0.882) was superior to the Ramco assay (AUC = 0.794) in predicting iron deficiency (defined as serum ferritin <10 mu g/L; P = 0.013). Method comparison between the Roche and the two ELISA assays showed good correlations (r>0.8); however, sTfR values by the Roche assay were on average 30% lower than values obtained with the two ELISA assays. Conclusions: sTfR data measured with an immunoturbidimetric assay can be compared to a commonly used ELISA assay, and can be used in the body iron model through regression equations obtained in the present study. (c) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM cpfeiffer@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD JUL PY 2007 VL 382 IS 1-2 BP 112 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2007.04.008 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 185KU UT WOS:000247710700020 PM 17511979 ER PT J AU Garg, S Hoetscher, M Belser, JA Wang, C Jayashankar, L Guo, Z Durland, RH Katz, JM Sambhara, S AF Garg, Sanjay Hoetscher, Mary Belser, Jessica A. Wang, Chong Jayashankar, Lakshmi Guo, Zhu Durland, Ross H. Katz, Jacqueline M. Sambhara, Suryaprakash TI Needle-free skin patch delivery of a vaccine for a potentially pandemic influenza virus provides protection against lethal challenge in mice SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCUTANEOUS IMMUNIZATION; MF59-ADJUVANTED INFLUENZA; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; LANGERHANS CELLS; H5N1 VACCINE; SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY; RESPONSES AB In the event of another influenza virus pandemic, strategies for effective mass vaccination will urgently be needed. We used a novel transdermal patch delivery technology, known as the PassPort system, to vaccinate mice with recombinant H5 hemagglutinin with or without immunomodullators. This needle-free form of vaccine delivery induced robust serum antibody responses that were augmented by different immunomodulators that stimulated the innate immune system and protected mice against lethal challenge with a highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Altea Therapeut, Tucker, GA 30084 USA. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CCID, Influenza Div, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssambhara@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 BP 926 EP 928 DI 10.1128/CVI.00450-06 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 190QU UT WOS:000248074800017 PM 17494637 ER PT J AU Mamula, P Markowitz, JE Piccoli, DA Klimov, A Cohen, L Baldassano, RN AF Mamula, Petar Markowitz, Jonathan E. Piccoli, David A. Klimov, Alexander Cohen, Louis Baldassano, Robert N. TI Immune response to influenza vaccine in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease SO CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; CROHNS-DISEASE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; VIRUS; AZATHIOPRINE AB Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to compare response to inactivated influenza vaccine in healthy children and pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (1131)). Methods: A prospective, open-label, controlled clinical trial during influenza seasons of 20022004 was performed. Single-dose inactive trivalent influenza vaccine was administered. Immune response to vaccination was measured by pre-immunization and postimmunization hemagglutinin inhibition titers. A postimmunization hemagglutinin inhibition titer of 40 or higher was considered protective against influenza. IBD activity and adverse events were recorded. Results: Eighty subjects were enrolled (29 healthy controls, 51 IBD patients). One patient did not complete the study. Patients were divided into 3 subgroups: infliximab and immunomodulatory (16), immunomodulatory (20), and anti-inflammatory therapy (14). Immunomodulatory therapy included corticosteroids, 6-mercaptopurine, or methotrexate. Overall, there was a statistically significant decrease in immune response in patients compared with healthy controls who received I influenza vaccine antigen (B/Hong Kong, P = .0125). Patients receiving infliximab and immunomodulatory therapy were less likely to respond to 2 influenza vaccine antigens (A/New Caledonia/20/99 and B/Hong Kong/330/2001, P = .018 and .0002, respectively). Fifteen subjects (19%) reported 19 mild adverse events: 11 (14%) reported soreness at the site, 4 (5%) reported having a cold, 3 (4%) reported flu-like symptoms, and 1 (1%) reported a headache. The clinical activity of IBD was not affected by vaccination. Conclusions: The serologic conversion rate to influenza vaccine in patients with 11113 ranged from 33% to 85%. Patients on concomitant infliximab and immunomodulatory therapy are at risk of inadequate response to vaccination. The vaccine was safe and did not affect IBD activity. C1 Univ S Carolina, Greenville Hosp Syst, Childrens Hosp, Greenville, SC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Mamula, P (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div GI & Nutr, 34th St & Civ Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [UL1-RR-024134] NR 37 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1542-3565 J9 CLIN GASTROENTEROL H JI Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 5 IS 7 BP 851 EP 856 DI 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.02.035 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 192MM UT WOS:000248206100018 PM 17544875 ER PT J AU Alanee, SRJ Mcgee, L Jackson, D Chiou, CC Feldman, C Morris, AJ Ortqvist, A Rello, J Luna, CM Baddour, LM Ip, M Yu, VL Klugman, KP AF Alanee, S. R. J. McGee, L. Jackson, D. Chiou, C. C. Feldman, C. Morris, A. J. Ortqvist, A. Rello, J. Luna, C. M. Baddour, L. M. Ip, M. Yu, V. L. Klugman, K. P. CA Int Pneumococcal Study Grp TI Association of serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae with disease severity and outcome in adults: An international study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; OLDER-ADULTS; 5 COUNTRIES; BACTEREMIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY; ERA AB Background. The introduction of conjugate pneumococcal vaccination for children has reduced the burden of invasive disease due to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( PCV) types ( i.e., serotypes 9V, 14, 6B, 18C, 23F, 19F, and 4) in adults. As nonvaccine serotypes become predominant causes of invasive disease among adults, it is necessary to evaluate the disease severity and mortality associated with infection due to nonvaccine serotypes, compared with PCV serotypes, in adults. Methods. The association of pneumococcal serotype and host-related variables with disease severity and mortality was statistically examined ( with multivariable analysis) in 796 prospectively enrolled, hospitalized adult patients with bacteremia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Results. In multivariate analyses of risk in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease, older age ( age, >= 65 years; P = .004), underlying chronic disease ( P = .025), immunosuppression ( P = .035), and severity of disease ( P < .001) were significantly associated with mortality; no association was found between nosocomial infection with invasive serotypes 1, 5, and 7 and mortality. The risk factors meningitis ( P = .001), suppurative lung complications ( P <= .001), and preexisting lung disease ( P = .051) were significantly associated with disease severity, independent of infecting serotype. No differences were seen in disease severity or associated mortality among patients infected with PCV serotypes, compared with patients infected with nonvaccine serotypes. Conclusions. Our data support the notion that host factors are more important than isolate serotype in determining the severity and outcome of invasive pneumococcal disease and that these outcomes are unlikely to change in association with nonvaccine serotype infection in the post-conjugate vaccine era. C1 Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Natl Yang Ming Univ, Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Taipei 112, Taiwan. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Microbiol, Prince Wales Hosp, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Johannesburg Hosp, Dept Med, Div Pulmonol, Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Auckland Hosp, Clin Microbiol Lab, Auckland, New Zealand. Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Infect Dis Unit, Solna, Sweden. Dept Communicable Dis Control & Prevent, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Rovira & Virgili, Univ Hosp Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain. Univ Buenos Aires, Hosp Clin, Div Pulm Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Klugman, KP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM kklugma@sph.emory.edu RI Ip, Margaret/K-1096-2013; OI Rello, Jordi/0000-0003-0676-6210 NR 27 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1086/518538 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 175RC UT WOS:000247029700008 PM 17554699 ER PT J AU Mandell, LA Wunderink, RG Anzueto, A Bartlett, JG Campbell, GD Dean, NC Dowell, SF File, TM Musher, DM Niederman, MS Torres, A Whitney, CG AF Mandell, Lionel A. Wunderink, Richard G. Anzueto, Antonio Bartlett, John G. Campbell, G. Douglas Dean, Nathan C. Dowell, Scott F. File, Thomas M., Jr. Musher, Daniel M. Niederman, Michael S. Torres, Antonio Whitney, Cynthia G. TI Ethical considerations regarding the administration of oseltamivir for infection control indications - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITOR OSELTAMIVIR; ACUTE INFLUENZA; ADULTS C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Bacteriol, Galway, Ireland. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. Michael E DeBakey VA Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Med, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. LDS Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Northeastern Ohio Univ Coll Med & Pharm, Rootstown, OH USA. Summa Hlth Syst, Akron, OH USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Univ Barcelona, Cap Serv Pneumol & Allergia Resp, Inst Clin Torax, Hosp Clin Barcelona,Fac Med,Inst Invest Biomed Au, Barcelona, Spain. McMaster Univ, Sch Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Mandell, LA (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Bacteriol, Newcastle Rd, Galway, Ireland. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 134 EP 135 DI 10.1086/520486 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 175RC UT WOS:000247029700025 ER PT J AU Hariri, S McKenna, MT AF Hariri, Susan McKenna, Matthew T. TI Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus in the United States SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; DRUG-USERS; TRANSMISSION; THERAPY; AIDS; ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION; DIAGNOSIS; HIV/AIDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McKenna, MT (reprint author), NCCNPHP, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E 4, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM mtm1@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 478 EP 488 DI 10.1128/CMR.00006-07 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 193IT UT WOS:000248268400006 PM 17630336 ER PT J AU Thapinta, D Jenkins, RA AF Thapinta, Darawan Jenkins, Richard A. TI Starting from scratch: Program development and lessons learned from HIV vaccine trial counseling in Thailand SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE HIV vaccine trials; risk reduction counseling; Thailand ID RISK BEHAVIOR; NORTHERN THAILAND; SOCIAL-ISSUES; VOLUNTEERS; PARTICIPATE; EFFICACY; INTERVENTIONS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; WILLINGNESS; PSYCHOLOGY AB Counseling for participants in preventive HIV vaccine trials has been an area of continuing concern because of the need to address possible behavioral side effects (e.g., increased risk behavior because trial participants believe they may have received an active, effective vaccine) and social harms (e.g., discrimination in health care or employment because of vaccine-induced scropositivity, on commercial HIV tests). Yet, the data on behavioral effects and social harms are limited and rather little detail has been provided regarding the counseling provided in current or past trials. This paper summarizes conceptual, cultural, and practical considerations in the development of a counseling program for HIV vaccine trials and provides examples from work done in the context of Phase I/II vaccine trials in Thailand. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Nursing, Chang Mai, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jenkins, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Prevent Res Branch, 6001 Execut Blvd,Rm 5185,MSC 9589, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jenkinsri@mail.nih.gov NR 75 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD JUL PY 2007 VL 28 IS 4 BP 409 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2006.11.005 PG 14 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 178MD UT WOS:000247223900011 PM 17196444 ER PT J AU McEwen, LN Kim, C Karter, AJ Haan, MN Ghosh, D Lantz, PM Mangione, CM Thompson, TJ Herman, WH AF McEwen, Laura N. Kim, Catherine Karter, Andrew J. Haan, Mary N. Ghosh, Debashis Lantz, Paula M. Mangione, Carol M. Thompson, Theodore J. Herman, William H. TI Risk factors for mortality among patients with diabetes - The Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DEATH CERTIFICATES; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; NATIONAL SAMPLE; MANAGED CARE; WHITE MEN; POPULATION; COHORT; MELLITUS AB OBJECTIVE - We sought to examine demographic, socioeconomic, and biological predictors of all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Survey, medical record, and administrative data were obtained from 8,733 participants in the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes Study, a multicenter, prospective, observational study of diabetes care in managed care. Data on deaths (n = 79 1) and cause of death were obtained from the National Death Index after 4 years. Predictors examined included age, sex, race, education, income, duration, and treatment of diabetes, BMI, smoking, microvascular and macrovascular complications, and comorbidities. RESULTS - Predictors of adjusted all-cause mortality included older age (hazard ratio [HR]1.04 [95% CI 1.03-1.051), male sex (1.57 [1.35-1.83]), lower income (<$15,000 vs. >$75,000, HR 1.82 [1.30-2.541, $15,000-$40,000 vs.>$75,000, HR 1.58 [1.15-2.171), longer duration of diabetes ( >= 9 years vs. < 9 years, HR 1.20 [1.02-1.41]), lower BMI (< 26 vs. 26-30 k g/m(2), HR 1.43 [1.13-1.691), smoking (1.44 [1.20-1.74]), nephropathy (1.46 [1.232.73]), macrovascular disease (1.46 [1.23-1.741), and greater Charlson index ( >= 2-3 vs. < 1, HR 2.01 [1.04-3.90]; >= 3vs. < 1, HR 4.38 [2.26-8.47]). The predictors of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality were different. Macrovascular disease predicted cardiovascular but not noncardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS - Among people with diabetes and access to medical care, older age, male sex, smoking, and renal disease are important predictors of mortality. Even within an insured population, socioeconomic circumstance is an important independent predictor of health. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Hlth Management & Policy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McEwen, LN (reprint author), 1500 E Med Ctr Dr,3920 Taubman Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lmattei@med.umich.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P60 DK020572, P30 DK020572] NR 29 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2007 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1736 EP 1741 DI 10.2337/dc07-0305 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 186GZ UT WOS:000247768400009 PM 17468353 ER PT J AU Li, CY Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Jiles, R Giles, WH AF Li, Chaoyang Ford, Earl S. Mokdad, Ali H. Jiles, Ruth Giles, Wayne H. TI Clustering of multiple healthy lifestyle habits and health-related quality of life among US adults with diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RISK; STROKE; MELLITUS AB OBJECTIVE - We sought to examine the association between clustering of multiple healthy lifestyle habits (HLHs) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We analyzed the representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population aged >= 18 years with diabetes using data from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 16,428). Four HRQOL measures were general health rating, physically unhealthy days, mentally unhealthy days, and impaired activity days. Three HLHs included not smoking, engaging in adequate leisure time physical activity, and consuming five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day. RESULTS - The proportion of having 0, 1, 2, and 3 HLHs was 10.5, 44.7, 32.9, and 119% respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence rates of poor or fair health, >= 14 physically unhealthy days, >= 14 mentally unhealthy days, and >= 14 impaired activity days were 43.07, 27.61, 17.22, and 18.87%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders and comparison with none of the three HLHs, people with all three HLHs were less likely to report poor or fair health (adjusted odds ratio 0.49 [95% CI 0.33-0.711), >= 14 physically unhealthy days (0.56 [0.39-0.80]), >= 14 mentally unhealthy days (0.35 [0.23-0.55]), or >= 14 impaired activity days (0.35 [0.23-0.56]). CONCLUSIONS - Accumulation of multiple HLHs was significantly associated with better HRQOL among people with diabetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cli@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2007 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1770 EP 1776 DI 10.2337/dc06-2571 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 186GZ UT WOS:000247768400015 PM 17456843 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Lu, AYH AF Ma, Qiang Lu, Anthony Y. H. TI CYP1A induction and human risk assessment: An evolving tale of in vitro and in vivo studies SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AH-RECEPTOR; S-MEPHENYTOIN; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; GENETIC EXPRESSION; LIVER-MICROSOMES; BIRTH-DEFECTS; AMINOAZO DYES AB CYP1A1 and 1A2 play critical roles in the metabolic activation of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines/amides (HAAs), respectively, to electrophilic reactive intermediates, leading to toxicity and cancer. CYP1As are highly inducible by PAHs and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons via aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated gene transcription. The impact of CYP1A induction on the carcinogenic and toxic potentials of environmental, occupational, dietary, and therapeutic chemicals has been a central focus of human risk evaluation and has broadly influenced the fields of cancer research, toxicology, pharmacology, and risk assessment over the past half-century. From the early discovery of CYP1A induction and its role in protection against chemical carcinogenesis in intact animals, to the establishment of CYP1A enzymes as the principal cytochromes P450 for bioactivation of PAHs and HAAs in in vitro assays, to the recent realization of an essential protective role of CYP1A in benzo[a]pyrene-induced lethality and carcinogenesis with CYP1A knockout mice, the understanding of the interrelation between CYP1A induction and chemical safety has followed a full circle. This unique path of CYP1A research underscores the importance of whole animal and human studies in chemical safety evaluation. C1 NIOSH, CDC, HELD, Receptor Biol Lab,TMBB, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Dept Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, HELD, Receptor Biol Lab,TMBB, Mailstop 3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM qam1@cdc.gov NR 67 TC 132 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1009 EP 1016 DI 10.1124/dmd.107.015826 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 180OB UT WOS:000247373800001 PM 17431034 ER PT J AU Trindade, GS Emerson, GL Carroll, DS Kroon, EG Damon, IK AF Trindade, Giliane S. Emerson, Ginny L. Carroll, Darin S. Kroon, Erna G. Damon, Inger K. TI Brazilian vaccinia viruses and their origins SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COTIA VIRUS; UNCLASSIFIED POXVIRUS; MAHARASHTRA STATE; SMALLPOX VACCINE; BUFFALOPOX; HUMANS; GENOME; CATTLE; INFERENCE; OUTBREAK AB Although the World Health Organization (WHO) declared global smallpox eradicated in 1980, concerns over emergent poxvirus infections have increased. Most poxvirus infections are zoonotic; exploring their genetic diversity will illuminate the genetic and evolutionary aspects of poxvirus infections, ecology, and epidemiology. In recent decades, several strains of the orthopoxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV) have been isolated throughout Brazil, including genetically distinct isolates within the same outbreak. To further investigate the diversity and origins of these viruses, we analyzed molecular data from 8 Brazilian VACV isolates and compared several genes involved in virus structure and pathogenicity. Genetic variation among isolates suggests that ancestral Brazilian VACVs existed before the beginning of the WHO smallpox eradication vaccination campaigns and that these viruses continue to circulate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Damon, IK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM idamon@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2007 VL 13 IS 7 BP 965 EP 972 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 186DB UT WOS:000247758200001 PM 18214166 ER PT J AU Akksilp, S Karnkawinpong, O Wattanaamornkiat, W Viriyakitja, D Monkongdee, P Sitti, W Rienthong, D Siraprapasiri, T Wells, CD Tappero, JW Varma, JK AF Akksilp, Somsak Karnkawinpong, Opart Wattanaamornkiat, Wanpen Viriyakitja, Daranee Monkongdee, Patarna Sitti, Walya Rienthong, Dhanida Siraprapasiri, Taweesap Wells, Charles D. Tappero, Jordan W. Varma, Jay K. TI Antiretroviral therapy during tuberculosis treatment and marked reduction in death rate of HIV-infected patients, Thailand SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; COTE-DIVOIRE; AFRICAN PATIENTS; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; ABIDJAN; COHORT; IMPACT; AIDS AB Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is lifesaving in patients with advanced HIV infection, but the magnitude of benefit in HIV-infected patients receiving tuberculosis (TB) treatment remains uncertain, and population-based data from developing countries are limited. We prospectively collected data about HIV-infected TB patients from February 2003 through January 2004 in Ubon-ratchathani, Thailand. During 12 months, HIV was diagnosed in 329 (14%) of 2,342 patients registered for TB treatment. Of patients with known outcomes, death during TB treatment occurred in 5 (7%) of 71 who received ART and 94 (43%) of 219 who did not. Using multivariate analysis, we found a large reduction in the odds of death for patients receiving ART before or during TB treatment (odds ratio, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.5), adjusting for CD4 count, smear status, co-trimoxazole use, and treatment facility. ART is associated with a substantial reduction in deaths during TB treatment for HIV-infected TB patients in Thailand. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jvarma@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2007 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1001 EP 1007 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 186DB UT WOS:000247758200006 PM 18214171 ER PT J AU Kainer, MA Devasia, RA Jones, TF Simmons, BP Melton, K Chow, S Broyles, J Moore, KL Craig, AS Schaffner, W AF Kainer, Marion A. Devasia, Rose A. Jones, Timothy F. Simmons, Bryan P. Melton, Kelley Chow, Susan Broyles, Joyce Moore, Kelly L. Craig, Allen S. Schaffner, William TI Response to emerging infection leading to outbreak of linezolid-resistant enterococci SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; FAECIUM INFECTION; NOSOCOMIAL SPREAD; RISK-FACTORS; VANCOMYCIN; EMERGENCE; FAECALIS; STRAIN AB Linezolid was approved in 2000 for treatment of gram-positive coccal infections. We performed a case-control study during a hospital outbreak of linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) infections, comparing cases of LRE infection (cases) with linezolid-sensitive enterococci infections (controls). Nasal and perirectal swab samples were obtained from all patients in a 1-day point-prevalence survey. We examined antimicrobial drug use and calculated the defined daily dose of linezolid per 1,000 patient-days. Fifteen LRE cases were identified (13 Enterococcus faecalis and 2 E. faecium); 7 were vancomycin-resistant. Compared with controls, case-patients had increased in-hospital mortality rates and lengths of stay. Multivariate analysis identified independent predictors of LRE infection: prior cultures positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 27), hospitalization duration before index culture (AOR 1.1 per day), and duration of preceding linezolid therapy (AOR 1.1 per day). Linezolid exposure and patient-to-patient transmission appear to be responsible for LRE infections, an important emerging hospital problem. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Methodist Univ Hosp, Memphis, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Kainer, MA (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, 1st Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. EM marion.kainer@state.tn.us NR 33 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2007 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1024 EP 1030 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 186DB UT WOS:000247758200009 PM 18214174 ER PT J AU Gurley, ES Montgomery, JM Hossain, MJ Bell, M Azad, AK Islam, MR Molla, MAR Carroll, DS Ksiazek, TG Rota, PA Lowe, L Comer, JA Rollin, P Czub, M Grolla, A Feldmann, H Luby, SP Woodward, JL Breiman, RF AF Gurley, Emily S. Montgomery, Joel M. Hossain, M. Jahangir Bell, Michael Azad, Abul Kalam Islam, Mohammed Rafiqul Molla, Mohammed Abdur Rahim Carroll, Darin S. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Rota, Paul A. Lowe, Luis Comer, James A. Rollin, Pierre Czub, Markus Grolla, Allen Feldmann, Heinz Luby, Stephen P. Woodward, Jennifer L. Breiman, Robert F. TI Person-to-person transmission of Nipah virus in a Bangladeshi community SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSIBILITY; ENCEPHALITIS OUTBREAK; ABATTOIR WORKERS; RISK-FACTORS; PIG-FARMERS; MALAYSIA; INFECTION; SINGAPORE; PARAMYXOVIRUS; RNA AB An encephalitis outbreak was investigated in Faridpur District, Bangladesh, in April-May 2004 to determine the cause of the outbreak and risk factors for disease. Biologic specimens were tested for Nipah virus. Surfaces were evaluated for Nipah virus contamination by using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Thirty-six cases of Nipah virus illness were identified; 75% of case-patients died. Multiple peaks of illness occurred, and 33 case-patients had close contact with another Nipah virus patient before their illness. Results from a case-control study showed that contact with 1 patient carried the highest risk for infection (odds ratio 6.7, 95% confidence interval 2.9-16.8, p<0.001). RT-PCR testing of environmental samples confirmed Nipah virus contamination of hospital surfaces. This investigation provides evidence for person-to-person transmission of Nipah virus. Capacity for person-to-person transmission increases the potential for wider spread of this highly lethal pathogen and highlights the need for infection control strategies for resource-poor settings. C1 ICDDR B, Program Infect Dis & Vaccine Sci, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth & Family Welf, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. RP Gurley, ES (reprint author), ICDDR B, Program Infect Dis & Vaccine Sci, GPO 128, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM egurley@icddrb.org RI Gurley, Emily/B-7903-2010 OI Gurley, Emily/0000-0002-8648-9403 NR 26 TC 162 Z9 168 U1 1 U2 22 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2007 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1031 EP 1037 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 186DB UT WOS:000247758200010 PM 18214175 ER PT J AU Yu, HJ Feng, ZJ Zhang, XF Xiang, NJ Huai, Y Zhou, L Li, ZJ Xu, CL Luo, HM He, JF Guan, XH Yuan, ZG Li, YT Xu, LS Hong, RT Liu, XC Zhou, XY Yin, WW Zhang, SX Shu, YL Wang, MW Wang, Y Lee, CK Uyeki, TM Yang, WZ AF Yu, Hongjie Feng, Zijian Zhang, Xianfeng Xiang, Nijuan Huai, Yang Zhou, Lei Li, Zhongjie Xu, Cuiling Luo, Huiming He, Jianfeng Guan, Xuhua Yuan, Zhengan Li, Yanting Xu, Longshan Hong, Rongtao Liu, Xuecheng Zhou, Xingyu Yin, Wenwu Zhang, Shunxiang Shu, Yuelong Wang, Maowu Wang, Yu Lee, Chin-Kei Uyeki, Timothy M. Yang, Weizhong CA Avian Influenza H5N1 Study Grp TI Human influenza A (H5N1) cases, urban areas of People's Republic of China, 2005-2006 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; RISK-FACTORS; HONG-KONG; MARKETS; DISEASE AB We investigated potential sources of infection for 6 confirmed influenza A (H5N1) patients who resided in urban areas of People's Republic of China. None had known exposure to sick poultry or poultry that died from illness, but all had visited wet poultry markets before illness. C1 Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. Hubei Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Wuhan, Peoples R China. Int Field Epidemiol Training Program, Bangkok, Thailand. Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. Guangdong Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Shanghai Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Fujian Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fuzhou, Peoples R China. Sichuan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chengdu, Peoples R China. Shenzhen Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. WHO, Beijing, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yang, WZ (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 27 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM yangwz@chinacdc.cn NR 15 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 10 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2007 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1061 EP 1064 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 186DB UT WOS:000247758200015 PM 18214180 ER PT J AU Pitzer, VE Olsen, SJ Bergstrom, CT Dowell, SF Lipsitch, M AF Pitzer, Virginia E. Olsen, Sonja J. Bergstrom, Carl T. Dowell, Scott F. Lipsitch, Marc TI Little evidence for genetic susceptibility to influenza A (H5N1) from family clustering data SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB The apparent clustering of human cases of influenza A (H5N1) among blood relatives has been considered as evidence of genetic variation in susceptibility. We show that, by chance alone, a high proportion of clusters are expected to be limited to blood relatives when infection is a rare event. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pitzer, VE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM vpitzer@hsph.harvard.edu OI Pitzer, Virginia/0000-0003-1015-2289; Bergstrom, Carl/0000-0002-2070-385X FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI007535, T32 AI07535]; NIGMS NIH HHS [U01 GM076497] NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2007 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1074 EP 1076 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 186DB UT WOS:000247758200019 PM 18214184 ER PT J AU Stockman, LJ Fischer, TK Deming, M Ngwira, B Bowie, C Cunliffe, N Bresee, J Quick, RE AF Stockman, Lauren J. Fischer, Thea K. Deming, Michael Ngwira, Bagrey Bowie, Cameron Cunliffe, Nigel Bresee, Joseph Quick, Robert E. TI Point-of-use water treatment and use among mothers in Malawi SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SAFE STORAGE; DIARRHEA PREVENTION; DISEASE; STRATEGY; HOME AB A national household survey was conducted in Malawi to determine awareness and use of a socially marketed water treatment product. In all, 64% of mothers were aware of the product, and 7% were using it. Both poor and rural mothers had lower awareness and use rates. Targeting promotion to rural populations could enhance program effectiveness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Blantyre, Malawi. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Stockman, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lstockman@cdc.gov OI Cunliffe, Nigel/0000-0002-5449-4988 NR 15 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2007 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1077 EP 1080 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 186DB UT WOS:000247758200020 PM 18214185 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Rowing on the Schuylkill, damming on the Yangtze SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2007 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1135 EP 1136 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 186DB UT WOS:000247758200044 ER PT J AU Meeker, JD Calafat, AM Hauser, R AF Meeker, John D. Calafat, Antonia M. Hauser, Russ TI Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites may alter thyroid hormone levels in men SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; endocrine disruption; epidemiology; hormone; phthalates; thyroid; urinary metabolites ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; HUMAN URINE; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; OXIDATIVE METABOLITES; HEXYL) PHTHALATE; SEMEN QUALITY; MALE RATS; EXPOSURE AB BACKGROUND: Phthalates are used extensively in many personal-care and consumer products, resulting in widespread nonoccupational human exposure through multiple routes and media. A limited number of animal studies suggest that exposure to phthalates may be associated with altered thyroid function, but human data are lacking. METHODS: Concurrent samples of urine and blood were collected from 408 men. We measured urinary concentrations of mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the hydrolytic metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and other phthalate monoester metabolites, along with serum levels of free thyroxine (T-4), total triiodothyronine (T-3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Oxidative metabolites of DEHP were measured in urine from only 208 of the men. RESULTS: We found an inverse association between MEHP urinary concentrations and free T-4 and T-3 serum levels, although the relationships did not appear to be linear when MEHP concentrations were categorized by quintiles. There was evidence of a plateau at the fourth quintile, which was associated with a 0.11 ng/dL decrease in free T-4 [95% confidence interval (CI), -0.18 to -0-03] and a 0.05 ng/mL decrease in T-3 (95% CI, -0.10 to 0.01) compared with the first (lowest) MEHP quintile. The inverse relationship between MEHP and free T-4 remained when we adjusted for oxidative metabolite concentrations; this simultaneously demonstrated a suggestive positive association with free T-4. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary MEHP concentrations may be associated with altered free T-4 and/or total T-3 levels in adult men, but additional study is needed to confirm the observed findings. Future studies must also consider oxidative DEHP metabolites relative to MEHP as a potential marker of metabolic susceptibility to DEHP exposure. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Androl Lab & In Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Meeker, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 6635 SPH Tower,109 S Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM meekerj@umich.edu OI Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09718, R01 ES009718] NR 42 TC 124 Z9 133 U1 4 U2 20 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 115 IS 7 BP 1029 EP 1034 DI 10.1289/ehp.9852 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 185MW UT WOS:000247716100028 PM 17637918 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, EF Belanger, EE Gomez, MI Hwang, SA Jansing, RL Hicks, HE AF Fitzgerald, Edward F. Belanger, Erin E. Gomez, Marta I. Hwang, Syni-an Jansing, Robert L. Hicks, Heraline E. TI Environmental exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) among older residents of upper Hudson River communities SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PCBs; hazardous waste; fish consumption; inhalation; superfund ID GREAT-LAKES FISH; NEW-YORK-STATE; CONTAMINATED SCHOOL; SUPERFUND SITE; BLOOD-LEVELS; CONSUMPTION; WOMEN; SERUM; IMPACT; TEACHERS AB The upper Hudson River has been heavily contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) due to discharges from former electrical capacitor plants in Hudson Falls and Fort Edward, NY. An epidemiologic study was conducted to assess the impact of dietary and residential exposure on PCB body burden among older, long-term, non-occupationally exposed adults living in the vicinity of these former capacitor plants. The study population consisted of 133 persons 55-74 years of age who had lived in Hudson Falls or Fort Edward for 25 years or more. The comparison group consisted of 120 persons from Glens Falls, which is upriver. Both groups were interviewed, and blood samples were obtained for congener-specific PCB analysis. Persons from the study area reported greater past consumption of Hudson River fish than did the comparison area, but current rates were very low in both areas. The geometric mean serum PCB concentrations for the study and comparison populations did not differ significantly (3.07 ppb wet weight and 3.23 ppb, respectively, for total PCB). Serum PCB concentrations increased with cumulative lifetime exposure to PCBs from Hudson River fish consumption (p < 0.10). Persons who lived within 800 m of the river did not have significantly greater serum PCB concentrations than the control population, nor did persons who lived downwind and within 800 m of a PCB-contaminated site. The results indicate no detectable differences in serum PCB levels according to proximity or wind direction relative to local point sources, but lifetime consumption of Hudson River fish was positively associated with serum PCB concentrations. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Environm Hlth, Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Troy, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Div Environm Dis Prevent, Troy, NY USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fitzgerald, EF (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, 1 Univ Pl, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. EM eff02@health.state.ny.us RI Fitzgerald, Edward/F-4087-2010 FU PHS HHS [H75/ATH298312] NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 104 IS 3 BP 352 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2007.01.010 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 185NJ UT WOS:000247717400004 PM 17382313 ER PT J AU Krieg, EF AF Krieg, Edward F., Jr. TI The relationships between blood lead levels and serum follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NHANES III; blood lead; follicle stimulating hormone; luteinizing hormone; FSH; LH ID LUTEAL FUNCTION; WOMEN; OVARIAN; REPRODUCTION; INFERTILITY; MENOPAUSE; SECRETION; ESTRADIOL; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE AB The relationships between blood lead levels and serum follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were assessed in a nationally representative sample of women, 35-60 years old, from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The blood lead levels of the women ranged from 0.7 to 31.1 mu g/dl. The estimated geometric mean was 2.2 mu g/dl, and the estimated arithmetic mean was 2.8 mu g/dl. As the blood lead level increased across women, the concentration of serum follicle stimulating hormone increased in post-menopausal women, women who had both ovaries removed, and pre-menopausal women. The concentration of follicle stimulating hormone decreased in pre-menopausal women who were taking birth control pills. The concentration of luteinizing hormone increased as blood lead level increased in post-menopausal women and women who had both ovaries removed. The lowest concentrations of blood lead at which a relationship was detected were 1.7 mu g/dl for follicle stimulating hormone and 2.8 mu g/dl for luteinizing hormone. The increase in follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in women with no ovaries indicates that lead may act at a non-ovarian site in the female reproductive system, along with a possible effect on the ovaries. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Krieg, EF (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-22, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM erk3@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 104 IS 3 BP 374 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.09.009 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 185NJ UT WOS:000247717400007 PM 17084837 ER PT J AU Hicks, LA Rose, CE Fields, BS Drees, ML Engel, JP Jenkins, PR Rouse, BS Blythe, D Khalifah, AP Feikin, DR Whitney, CG AF Hicks, L. A. Rose, C. E., Jr. Fields, B. S. Drees, M. L. Engel, J. P. Jenkins, P. R. Rouse, B. S. Blythe, D. Khalifah, A. P. Feikin, D. R. Whitney, C. G. TI Increased rainfall is associated with increased risk for legionellosis SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; PONTIAC-FEVER; WHIRLPOOL SPA; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; SURVEILLANCE; MELIOIDOSIS; PNEUMOPHILA; AUSTRALIA; HEAT AB Legionnaires' disease (LD) is caused by Legionella species, most of which live in water. The Mid-Atlantic region experienced a sharp rise in LD in 2003 coinciding with a period of record-breaking rainfall. To investigate a possible relationship, we analysed the association between monthly legionellosis incidence and monthly rainfall totals from January 1990 to December 2003 in five Mid-Atlantic states. Using negative binomial model a I-cm increase in rainfall was associated with a 2.6 % (RR 1.026, 95 % CI 1.012-1.040) increase in legionellosis incidence. The average monthly rainfall from May to September 1990-2002 was 10.4 cm compared to 15.7 cm from May to September 2003. This change in rainfall corresponds to an increased risk for legionellosis of approximately 14.6 % (RR 1.146, 95 % CI 1.067-1.231). Legionellosis incidence increased during periods of increased rainfall; identification of mechanisms that increase exposure and transmission of Legionella during rainfall might lead to opportunities for prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Delaware Hlth & Social Serv, New Castle, DE USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hicks, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 79 Lloyd Ave,Unit B, Providence, RI 02906 USA. EM lauria_hicks@brown.edu NR 32 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 135 IS 5 BP 811 EP 817 DI 10.1017/S0950268806007552 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 200QQ UT WOS:000248778300012 PM 17121693 ER PT J AU Podewils, LJ Blevins, LZ Hagenbuch, M Itani, D Burns, A Otto, C Blanton, L Adams, S Monroe, SS Beach, MJ Widdowson, M AF Podewils, L. J. Blevins, L. Zanardi Hagenbuch, M. Itani, D. Burns, A. Otto, C. Blanton, L. Adams, S. Monroe, S. S. Beach, M. J. Widdowson, M. TI Outbreak of norovirus illness associated with a swimming pool SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID NORWALK VIRUS; DRINKING-WATER; GASTROENTERITIS AB On 3 February 2004, the Vermont Department of Health received reports of acute gastroenteritis in persons who had recently visited a swimming facility. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among persons attending the facility between 30 January and 2 February. Fifty-three of 189 (28 %) persons interviewed developed vomiting or diarrhoea within 72 h after visiting the facility. Five specimens tested positive for norovirus and three specimen sequences were identical. Entering the smaller of the two pools at the facility was significantly associated with illness (RR 5.67,95% CI 1.5-22.0,P=0.012). The investigation identified several maintenance system failures: chlorine equipment failure, poorly trained operators, inadequate maintenance checks, failure to alert management, and insufficient record keeping. This study demonstrates the vulnerability of recreational water to norovirus contamination, even in the absence of any obvious vomiting or faecal accident. Our findings also suggest that norovirus is not as resistant to chlorine as previously reported in experimental studies. Appropriate regulations and enforcement, with adequate staff training, are necessary to ensure recreational water safety. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Podewils, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lpp8@cdc.gov OI Widdowson, Marc-Alain/0000-0002-0682-6933; Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 16 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 135 IS 5 BP 827 EP 833 DI 10.1017/S0950268806007370 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 200QQ UT WOS:000248778300014 PM 17076938 ER PT J AU Fortier, I Burton, P Hansell, A Little, J Khoury, MJ AF Fortier, I. Burton, P. Hansell, A. Little, J. Khoury, M. J. TI Harmonizing human genome epidemiology initiatives worldwide SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY NOV 16-17, 2006 CL St Petersburg, FL SP Int Genet Epidemiol Soc C1 Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Leicester, Inst Genet, Leicester, Leics, England. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. CDC, OGDP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 IS 5 BP 456 EP 456 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 183WS UT WOS:000247603700030 ER PT J AU Satten, GA Epstein, MP Allen, AS AF Satten, G. A. Epstein, M. P. Allen, A. S. TI Simple correction for population stratification in case-control studies SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY NOV 16-17, 2006 CL St Petersburg, FL SP Int Genet Epidemiol Soc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 IS 5 BP 496 EP 496 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 183WS UT WOS:000247603700168 ER PT J AU Sanchez, C Krieger, R Blount, B AF Sanchez, Charles Krieger, Robert Blount, Ben TI Potential perchlorate exposure from horticultural crops irrigated with Colorado River water SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arizona, Yuma, AZ USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM sanchez@ag.arizona.edu; bob.krieger@ucr.edu; bkb3@CDC.GOV NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 SU S BP 884 EP 885 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 184UT UT WOS:000247668800132 ER PT J AU Lowe, BD Kong, YK Krieg, E Wurzelbacher, S Lee, SJ AF Lowe, Brian D. Kong, Yong-Ku Krieg, Edward Wurzelbacher, Steven Lee, Soo-Jin TI A field investigation of manual forces associated with trigger and push to start electric screwdrivers SO HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article ID HAND; GRIP; TORQUE; STRESS; TOOLS; TASKS AB This study investigated manual forces associated with trigger start (TS) and push to start (PTS) activation in-line electric screwdriver designs. The vertically directed axial screwdriver force transmitted with the driver to the fastener and the grip/finger forces on the driver handle were measured from 13 employees in an electronics assembly manufacturing facility. The PTS driver was associated with significantly (p <.01) higher axial force than the TS driver at two of the four workstations, where the difference was as high as a 184% increase (36.5 vs. 103.8 N). Total finger force on the screwdriver handle was also higher for the PTS screwdriver (p <.01). The PTS screwdriver may reduce instances of fastener head damage ("cam out") by requiring a minimum level of axial force to ensure better contact between the screwdriver bit and the fastener. However, this appears to come at the expense of greater manual forces exerted by the operator. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals. Inc. C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Syst Management Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Grp, Cincinnati, OH USA. Hanyang Univ, Coll Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Lowe, BD (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM blowe@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1090-8471 J9 HUM FACTOR ERGON MAN JI Hum. Factors Ergon. Manuf. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 367 EP 382 DI 10.1002/hfm.20079 PG 16 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 177IY UT WOS:000247148000004 ER PT J AU O'Malley, EM Scott, RD Gayle, J Dekutoski, J Foltzer, M Lundstrom, TS Welbel, S Chiarello, LA Panlilio, AL AF O'Malley, Emily M. Scott, R. Douglas, II Gayle, Julie Dekutoski, John Foltzer, Michael Lundstrom, Tammy S. Welbel, Sharon Chiarello, Linda A. Panlilio, Adelisa L. TI Costs of management of occupational exposures to blood and body fluids SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; PREVENT NEEDLESTICK INJURIES; SURGICAL-PROCEDURES; PERCUTANEOUS INJURIES; HIV; RISK; PERSONNEL; DEVICES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective. To determine the cost of management of occupational exposures to blood and body fluids. Design. A convenience sample of 4 healthcare facilities provided information on the cost of management of occupational exposures that varied in type, severity, and exposure source infection status. Detailed information was collected on time spent reporting, managing, and following up the exposures; salaries (including benefits) for representative staff who sustained and who managed exposures; and costs (not charges) for laboratory testing of exposure sources and exposed healthcare personnel, as well as any postexposure prophylaxis taken by the exposed personnel. Resources used were stratified by the phase of exposure management: exposure reporting, initial management, and follow-up. Data for 31 exposure scenarios were analyzed. Costs were given in 2003 US dollars. Setting. The 4 facilities providing data were a 600-bed public hospital, a 244-bed Veterans Affairs medical center, a 437-bed rural tertiary care hospital, and a 3,500-bed healthcare system. Results. The overall range of costs to manage reported exposures was $71-$4,838. Mean total costs varied greatly by the infection status of the source patient. The overall mean cost for exposures to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected source patients (n = 19, including those coinfected with hepatitis B or C virus) was $2,456 ( range, $907-$4,838), whereas the overall mean cost for exposures to source patients with unknown or negative infection status (n =8 ) was $376 ( range, $71-$860). Lastly, the overall mean cost of management of reported exposures for source patients infected with hepatitis C virus (n = 4) was $650 ( range, $186-$856). Conclusions. Management of occupational exposures to blood and body fluids is costly; the best way to avoid these costs is by prevention of exposures. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Qual, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Heathcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. Geisinger Med Ctr, Danville, PA 17822 USA. Detroit Med Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. John H Stroger Hosp Cook Cty, Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Panlilio, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alp4@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 28 IS 7 BP 774 EP 782 DI 10.1086/518729 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NR UT WOS:000249121400002 PM 17564978 ER PT J AU Simard, EP Miller, JT George, PA Wasley, A Alter, MJ Bell, BP Finelli, L AF Simard, Edgar P. Miller, Jeremy T. George, Prethibha A. Wasley, Annemarie Alter, Miriam J. Bell, Beth P. Finelli, Lyn TI Hepatitis B vaccination coverage levels among healthcare workers in the United States, 2002-2003 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID OCCUPATIONAL RISK; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; INFECTION; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; ACCEPTANCE; NUMBER AB Background. Hepatitis B virus ( HBV) infection is a well recognized risk for healthcare workers ( HCWs), and routine vaccination of HCWs has been recommended since 1982. By 1995, the level of vaccination coverage among HCWs was only 67%. Objective. To obtain an accurate estimate of hepatitis B vaccination coverage levels among HCWs and to describe the hospital characteristics and hepatitis B vaccination policies associated with various coverage levels. Design. Cross- sectional survey. Methods. A representative sample of 425 of 6,116 American Hospital Association member hospitals was selected to participate, using probability- proportional- to- size methods during 2002- 2003. The data collected included information regarding each hospital's hepatitis B vaccination policies. Vaccination coverage levels were estimated from a systematic sample of 25 HCWs from each hospital whose medical records were reviewed for demographic and vaccination data. The main outcome measure was hepatitis B vaccination coverage levels. Results. Among at- risk HCWs, 75% had received 3 or more doses of the hepatitis B vaccine, corresponding to an estimated 2.5 million vaccinated hospital- based HCWs. The coverage level was 81% among staff physicians and nurses. Compared with nurses, coverage was significantly lower among phlebotomists ( 71.1%) and nurses' aides and/or other patient care staff ( 70.9%;). Hepatitis B vaccination P <.05 coverage was highest among white HCWs ( 79.5%) and lowest among black HCWs ( 67.6%;). Compared with HCWs who worked P <.05 in hospitals that required vaccination only of HCWs with identified risk for exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material, hepatitis B vaccination coverage was significantly lower among HCWs who worked in hospitals that required vaccination of HCWs without identified risk for exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material ( 76.6% vs 62.4%;). P <.05. Conclusions. In the United States, an estimated 75% of HCWs have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Important differences in coverage levels exist among various demographic groups. Hospitals need to identify methods to improve hepatitis B vaccination coverage levels and should consider developing targeted vaccination programs directed at unvaccinated, at- risk HCWs who have frequent or potential exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX USA. RP Simard, EP (reprint author), 317 George St,Suite 210, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM esimard@alum.emory.edu RI Simard, Edgar/G-4552-2010 OI Simard, Edgar/0000-0001-8093-2067 NR 28 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 28 IS 7 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.1086/518730 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NR UT WOS:000249121400003 PM 17564979 ER PT J AU Bhavnani, D Phatinawin, L Chantra, S Olsen, SJ Simmerman, JM AF Bhavnani, Darlene Phatinawin, Ladarat Chantra, Somrak Olsen, Sonja J. Simmerman, James M. TI The influence of rapid influenza diagnostic testing on antibiotic prescribing patterns in rural Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE influenza; antibiotics; rapid test; Thailand ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; PATIENT; ADULTS; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT AB Objectives: Rapid influenza diagnostic testing is potentially a useful means to decrease inappropriate prescription of antibiotics. We studied the impact of access to rapid influenza test results on antibiotic prescribing and other patient management practices for outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) in a rural province in Eastern Thailand. Methods: A medical record review was performed for 300 patients of all ages selected from five outpatient departments using a 1:2 ratio of ILI cases with and without influenza infection identified by the QuickVue (R)) rapid test. Chi-square analysis or Fisher's exact test was used to compare patient management practices (antibiotic prescriptions, individual treatments administered, additional tests ordered, and related hospitalization) between rapid test positive and negative patients. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of rapid test results on patient management practices for ILI. Results: Eighty-two percent of all patients with ILI were prescribed antibiotics. Patients with a positive rapid test were les's Likely to be prescribed antibiotics than those with a negative result (73% vs. 87%, respectively, p = 0.003). The likelihood of antibiotic prescription for influenza positive patients was 0.41 times the likelihood for influenza negative patients (95% Cl 0.23-0.74, p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in the frequency of other patient management practices between influenza positive and negative patients. Conclusions: Thai outpatients with ILI are prescribed antibiotics at a frequency approximately twice that reported in the USA. Having access to a rapid influenza test result was associated with a significant decrease in antibiotic prescription. Improved access to rapid influenza testing and expanded physician education may reduce inappropriate antibiotic use and improve patient care. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Ctr Dis Control Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Bur Epidemiol, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Crown Prince Hosp, Sa Kaeo, Thailand. RP Simmerman, JM (reprint author), IEIP, Box 64 CDC, APO, AP 96546 USA. EM SimmermanM@vtn.wpro.who.int NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 11 IS 4 BP 355 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2006.09.009 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 189QH UT WOS:000248003100014 PM 17324602 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM AF Flegal, K. M. TI Waist circumference of healthy men and women in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE anthropometry; body mass index; NHANES; overweight; waist circumference ID BODY-MASS INDEX; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; VALUES; WHITE; BLACK; RISK AB Objective: To describe the frequency distribution of waist circumference measurements in healthy men and women in the United States. Design: Cross-sectional national survey data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Measurements: Increasingly stringent definitions of health were applied, based on self-reported health, medical history, measurements of blood pressure, blood lipids, serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Main outcome measures, relative to health status levels, were selected percentiles of waist measurements and the prevalence of waist circumference above recommended levels. Results: Waist circumference was more normally distributed among the healthier men and women than in the full sample. The values of 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women, recommended as cutoff points by National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), corresponded fairly closely to the 95th percentile of waist circumference for healthy people, indicating that few healthy people will have values above these cutoffs. The lower action level values of 94 cm for men and 80 cm for women were more sensitive than the NHLBI cutoff values and correspondingly less specific. The overlap of waist circumference values between healthy and unhealthy people was considerable. Conclusions: Among healthy men and women, waist circumference is approximately normally distributed and covers a broad range of values. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4201, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kmf2@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1134 EP 1139 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803566 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 182EJ UT WOS:000247487600015 PM 17325685 ER PT J AU Shewmaker, PL Camus, AC Bailiff, T Steigerwalt, AG Morey, RE Carvalho, MDS AF Shewmaker, P. Lynn Camus, Alvin C. Bailiff, Tim Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Morey, Roger E. Carvalho, Maria da Gloria S. TI Streptococcus ictaluri sp nov., isolated from Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodstock SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FISH MORTALITIES; HISTOPATHOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; STRAINS; INIAE; DNA AB A streptococcal-like organism was associated with diseased Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodstock on four commercial aquaculture operations in the Mississippi Delta. Conventional biochemical testing, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization distinguished the isolates from these fish from previously published Streptococcus species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies revealed that the isolates were phylogenetically most similar to Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus parauberis with divergence ranging from 2.0 to 2.3 %. Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus urinalis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae and Streptococcus canis were included in the analysis and showed even greater differences (2.5-3.2% divergence). DNA relatedness was 22 % or less to the most phylogenetically related species at the optimal temperature. These data suggest that the isolates represent a novel species of Streptococcus for which the name Streptococcus ictaluri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 707-05(T) (=SO2-1108(T) = ATCC BAA- 1300(T) =CCUG 52536(T)). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Shewmaker, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM paw3@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 57 BP 1603 EP 1606 DI 10.1099/ijs.064810-0 PN 7 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 195SR UT WOS:000248432500044 PM 17625202 ER PT J AU Shrestha, RK Mugisha, B Bunnell, R Mermin, J Odeke, R Madra, R Hitimana-Lukanika, C Adatu-Engwau, F Blandford, JM AF Shrestha, R. K. Mugisha, B. Bunnell, R. Mermin, J. Odeke, R. Madra, R. Hitimana-Lukanika, C. Adatu-Engwau, F. Blandford, J. M. TI Cost-utility of tuberculosis prevention among HIV-infected adults in Kampala, Uganda SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; tuberculosis infection; decision analysis; cost-effectiveness; Uganda ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RURAL UGANDA; ISONIAZID PROPHYLAXIS; CONTROLLED-TRIALS; TESTING CENTER; THERAPY; DURATIONS; EPIDEMIC; PROGRAMS; DECISION AB SETTING: Treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection using isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) volunteer counseling and testing center in Kampala, Uganda. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cost-utility of an IPT program for persons newly diagnosed with HIV. DESIGN: The cost-utility analysis of the IPT program was conducted using Markov cohort simulation methods. Newly diagnosed HIV-infected persons were evaluated using tuberculin skin test (TST); those with positive TST were offered IPT for 9 months (targeted testing strategy). An alternative strategy of offering IPT to all HIV-infected clients without TST screening was also evaluated (treat all strategy). The cost-utility of targeted testing was compared to the 'no program' and the 'treat all' strategies. RESULTS: The IPT program with the targeted testing strategy would produce 11 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) per 100 HIV-infected clients compared to no program. Offering IPT using the treat all strategy gained an additional 30 QALYs per 100 clients compared to targeted testing. Compared to no program, the incremental cost-utility of the targeted testing program was US$102/ QALY gained. The cost-utility of the IPT program under the treat all strategy was US$106/QALY gained compared to the targeted testing strategy. CONCLUSIONS: The provision of IPT for HIV-infected persons was cost-effective. The use of TST screening prior to IPT reduced costs per QALY gained, but saved fewer overall QALYs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. AIDS Informat Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Entebbe, Uganda. Natl TB & Leprosy Programme, Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. RP Shrestha, RK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-48, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rshrestha@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 11 IS 7 BP 747 EP 754 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 181PF UT WOS:000247447900006 PM 17609049 ER PT J AU Ferroussier, O Kumar, MKA Dewan, PK Nair, PKJ Sahu, S Wares, DF Laserson, K Wells, C Granich, R Chauhan, LS AF Ferroussier, O. Kumar, M. K. A. Dewan, P. K. Nair, P. K. J. Sahu, S. Wares, D. F. Laserson, K. Wells, C. Granich, R. Chauhan, L. S. TI Cost and cost-effectiveness of a public-private mix project in Kannur District, Kerala, India, 2001-2002 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE India; tuberculosis; public-private mix; cost-effectiveness ID IMPROVED TB CONTROL; CHI-MINH-CITY; TUBERCULOSIS; VIETNAM; PARTNERSHIP AB BACKGROUND: Little is known yet about the cost-effectiveness of public-private mix (PPM) collaborations for the delivery of tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic and treatment services. DESIGN: We evaluated the cost and cost-effectiveness of a PPM project targeting private laboratories in Kannur district, India, from the perspective of the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP). We estimated the cost per provider recruited and retained, the cost per additional patient notified under various effectiveness scenarios and the cost per additional patient successfully treated. Intervention cost data were abstracted from RNTCP records. Treatment costs were estimated based on RNTCP case management protocols. RESULTS: The annual total estimated cost of the project was US$8712-$11611. The cost per private provider recruited varied between US$22 and US$54. The cost per additional pulmonary TB patient privately diagnosed was US$14-$18. In the most conservative scenario, the cost per additional patient notified was US$29-$36. The cost per new acid-fast bacilli-positive patient successfully treated was US$47-$51. Higher notification rates would improve cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Comparisons with public sector diagnostic costs are required to determine if this intervention remains economically attractive to the public health care system at different activity levels and to determine the supplemental resources needed if scale-up is pursued. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Dist Hlth Off, Kannur, India. Off WHO Representat India, New Delhi, India. Minist Hlth & Family Welf, Directorate Gen Hlth Serv, Cent TB Div, New Delhi, India. RP Dewan, PK (reprint author), WHO, SE Asia Reg Off, World Hlth House,Indraprastha Estates,Mahatma Gan, New Delhi 110002, India. EM dewanp@searo.who.int NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 11 IS 7 BP 755 EP 761 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 181PF UT WOS:000247447900007 PM 17609050 ER PT J AU Teague, WG Khetsuriani, N Kazerouni, NN Erdman, DD Lu, XY Redd, SC Anderson, LJ AF Teague, W. Gerald Khetsuriani, Nino Kazerouni, N. Neely Erdman, Dean D. Lu, Xiaoyan Redd, Stephen C. Anderson, Larry J. TI Respiratory viruses and acute asthma in children - Reply SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID INFECTIONS C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazard & Hlth Effect, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Teague, WG (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM wteague@emory.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 120 IS 1 BP 217 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.02.026 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 190NS UT WOS:000248066400035 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Barr, JR Weerasekera, G Wamsley, J Kalb, SR Sjodin, A Schier, JG Rentz, ED Lewis, L Rubin, C Needham, LL Jones, RL Sampson, EJ AF Barr, Dana B. Barr, John R. Weerasekera, Gayanga Wamsley, Jacob Kalb, Suzanne R. Sjoedin, Andreas Schier, Joshua G. Rentz, E. Danielle Lewis, Lauren Rubin, Carol Needham, Larry L. Jones, Robert L. Sampson, Eric J. TI Identification and quantification of diethylene glycol in pharmaceuticals implicated in poisoning epidemics: An historical laboratory perspective SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE-DILUTION QUANTIFICATION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INTOXICATION; METABOLITES; GURGAON; DEATHS; INDIA; FOOD; DRUG C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Schier, Joshua/F-9861-2013; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 31 IS 6 BP 295 EP 303 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 194CL UT WOS:000248321500001 PM 17725874 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM AF Hootman, Jennifer M. TI "These old bones" - A growing public health problem SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREVALENCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 325 EP 326 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 220FG UT WOS:000250141800001 PM 18059985 ER PT J AU Li, H McCormac, MA Estes, RW Sefers, SE Dare, RK Chappell, JD Erdman, DD Wright, PF Tang, YW AF Li, Haijing McCormac, Melinda A. Estes, R. Wray Sefers, Susan E. Dare, Ryan K. Chappell, James D. Erdman, Dean D. Wright, Peter F. Tang, Yi-Wei TI Simultaneous detection and high-throughput identification of a panel of RNA viruses causing respiratory tract infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ENZYME HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY; CONVENTIONAL VIRAL CULTURE; REAL-TIME PCR; SYNCYTIAL-VIRUS; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; MULTIPLEX PCR; PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS; TISSUE-CULTURE AB Clinical presentations for viral respiratory tract infections are often nonspecific, and a rapid, high-throughput laboratory technique that can detect a panel of common viral pathogens is clinically desirable. We evaluated two multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) products coupled with microarray-based systems for simultaneous detection of common respiratory tract viral pathogens. The NGEN respiratory virus ana lyte- specific assay (Nanogen, San Diego, CA) detects influenza A virus (Flu-A) and Flu-B, parainfluenza virus I (PIV-1), PIV-2, and PIV-3, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), while the ResPlex II assay (Genaco Biomedical Products, Inc., Huntsville, AL) detects Flu-A, Flu-B, PIV-1, PIV-2, PIV-3, PIV-4, RSV, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), rhinoviruses (RhVs), enteroviruses (EnVs), and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV). A total of 360 frozen respiratory specimens collected for a full year were tested, and results were compared to those obtained with a combined reference standard of cell culture and monoplex real-time TaqMan RT-PCR assays. NGEN and ResPlex II gave comparable sensitivities for Flu-A (82.8 to 86.2%), Flu-B (90.0 to 100.0%), PIV-1 (87.5 to 93.8%), PIV-3 (66.7 to 72.2%), and RSV (63.3 to 73.3%); both assays achieved excellent specificities (99.1 to 100.0%) for these five common viruses. The ResPlex II assay detected hMPV in 13 (3.6%) specimens, with a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 99.7%. The ResPlex II assay also differentiated RSV-A and RSV-B and gave positive results for RhV and EnV in 31 (8.6%) and 19 (5.3%) specimens, respectively. PIV-2, PIV-4, and SARS CoV were not detected in the specimens tested. The two systems can process 80 (NGEN) and 96 (ResPlex II) tests per run, with a hands-on time of approximately 60 min and test turnaround times of 6 h (ResPlex II) and 9 h (NGEN). Multiple-panel testing detected an additional unsuspected 9 (3.4%) PIV-1 and 10 (3.7%) PIV-3 infections. While test sensitivities for RSV and PIV-3 need improvement, both the NGEN and ResPlex II assays provide user-friendly and high-throughput tools for simultaneous detection and identification of a panel of common respiratory viral pathogens in a single test format. The multiplex approach enhances diagnosis through detection of respiratory viral etiologic agents in cases in which the presence of the agent was not suspected and a test was not ordered by the clinicians. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Resp & Gastroenteritis Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tang, YW (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Mol Infect Dis Lab, 4605 TVC, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM yiwei.tang@vanderbilt.edu NR 41 TC 112 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2105 EP 2109 DI 10.1128/JCM.00210-07 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 190QB UT WOS:000248072900001 PM 17507510 ER PT J AU Massung, RF Levin, ML Munderloh, UG Silverman, DJ Lynch, MJ Gaywee, JK Kurtti, TJ AF Massung, Robert F. Levin, Michael L. Munderloh, Ulrike G. Silverman, David J. Lynch, Meghan J. Gaywee, Jariyanart K. Kurtti, Timothy J. TI Isolation and propagation of the Ap-Variant 1 strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a tick cell line SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; SALIVARY-GLANDS; BABESIA-MICROTI; AGENT; INFECTION; CULTURE; RICKETTSIAE AB The first tissue culture isolates of the unique Anaplasma phagocytophilum strain, Ap-Variant 1, were obtained in the Ixodes scapularis tick-derived cell line ISE6. Two isolates were from goat blood samples: one from a goat infected with L scapularis ticks from Rhode Island and a second from a goat infected by serial passage of blood from the first infected goat. Eight isolates were made directly from L scapularis ticks collected from white-tailed deer in Minnesota and represent the first isolations of an Anaplasma species directly from ticks. Each of the 10 isolates had a 16S rRNA gene sequence identical to that previously described for Ap-Variant 1, but differences within the ank gene were found that suggest natural variation. Prevalence of Anaplasma in the Minnesota ticks was 63.9%; 23 of 36 ticks tested by PCR were positive. Six of the tick-derived isolates were obtained from a set of 18 PCR-positive ticks, for a 33.3% isolation success rate. The conservation of host tropism among the Rhode Island and Minnesota isolates of Ap-Variant I was examined by use of experimental infections of mice and a goat. A Minnesota tick-derived isolate (MN-61-2) was used to inoculate naive animals, and this isolate was able to infect a goat but unable to infect each of five mice, confirming that the Minnesota isolates have the same host tropism as Ap-Variant I from the northeastern United States. Light and electron microscopy of the Ap-Variant 1 isolate MN-61-2 in ISE6 cells showed cytoplasmic inclusions characteristic of A. phagocytophilum with pleomorphic bacteria in membrane-bound vacuoles and both electron-dense and electron-lucent forms. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfm2@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [5R01-AI042792, R01 AI042792] NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2138 EP 2143 DI 10.1128/JCM.00478-07 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 190QB UT WOS:000248072900007 PM 17475757 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC Vaughn, RR McDougal, LK Fosheim, GE McGowan, JE AF Tenover, Fred C. Vaughn, Rebekah R. McDougal, Linda K. Fosheim, Gregory E. McGowan, John E., Jr. TI Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat assay analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES HOSPITALS; INFECTIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; CLONE AB Our objective was to determine if a multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat assay (MLVA) for Staphylococcus aureus could predict pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types (i.e., USA types), thus allowing us to replace PFGE with a simpler and more rapid typing method. One hundred three well-characterized isolates representing 13 major lineages of S. aureus were tested by both PFGE and MLVA. MLVA was performed using a rapid DNA extraction technique and PCR primers for sdrCDE, clfA, clfB, sspA, and spa. PFGE was performed with genomic DNA fragments generated using SmaI, as per CDC protocols. Banding patterns were analyzed both visually and with BioNumerics software. All isolates were typeable with MLVA and PFGE. MLVA patterns were highly reproducible. PFGE separated the isolates into 13 types with 42 subtypes. Using any band difference to designate a novel MLVA type, MLVA produced 45 types, including 9 clusters containing multiple isolates. Using BioNumerics and a cutoff of >75% relatedness, MLVA produced 28 types, 11 of which contained >1 isolate. Epidemiologically related outbreak isolates of USA300-0114 from five states clustered in one MLVA pattern. USA100 isolates were present in several unrelated (<40%) MLVA types. A cutoff of >80% separated outbreak strains of USA300-0114 into three distinct MLVA types. MLVA did not differentiate community methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) lineages (USA300, USA400, USA1000, and USA1100) from health care MRSA lineages (USA100, USA,200, or USA500). The ability of MLVA to differentiate among strains that are indistinguishable by PFGE may be of epidemiologic value and warrants further study. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G 08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G 08, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fnt1@cdc.gov RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 20 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2215 EP 2219 DI 10.1128/JCM.02451-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 190QB UT WOS:000248072900020 PM 17494714 ER PT J AU Counts, JM Astles, JR Tenover, FC Hindler, J AF Counts, Jon M. Astles, J. Rex Tenover, Fred C. Hindler, Janet TI Systems approach to improving antimicrobial susceptibility testing in clinical laboratories in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; SURVEILLANCE; GUIDELINES; STANDARDS; ABILITY AB Laboratory practice in the preanalytical phase of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was evaluated in 102 hospital, reference, physician office-clinic, and public health laboratories in Washington state. Surveys were sent to evaluate (i) use of NCCLS/CLSI (formerly NCCLS) AST performance standards, (ii) technical competence in AST case studies, challenging knowledge of contemporary testing issues, and (iii) choice of antimicrobial agents to test for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Numerous deficiencies were identified in the survey: (i) initially only 40% of the laboratories surveyed used current NCCLS/CLSI AST performance standards, (ii) the rate of accurate responses for three different case studies ranged from 29% to 69%, and (iii) variation was noted in the choice of antimicrobials tested against invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae. These deficiencies could affect therapy and detection of antimicrobial resistance. Several educational programs were implemented to improve AST policies and practices, and a follow-up survey indicated that four intervention strategies were most effective: (i) regional technical workshops, (ii) National Laboratory Training Network teleconferences, (iii) use of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) CD-ROM on AST, and (iv) the CDC Multilevel Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Resource website. The interventions could be implemented more widely in the United States to improve AST knowledge and practices. C1 Univ Washington, Fdn Healthcare Qual, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Counts, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Fdn Healthcare Qual, 2621 2nd Ave,1003, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. EM jcounts@qualityhealth.org NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2230 EP 2234 DI 10.1128/JCM.00184-07 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 190QB UT WOS:000248072900022 PM 17522281 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Sarver, BAJ Brandt, M Chang, DC Noble-Wang, J Park, BJ Sutton, DA Benjamin, L Lindsley, M Padhye, A Geiser, DM Ward, TJ AF O'Donnell, Kerry Sarver, Brice A. J. Brandt, Mary Chang, Douglas C. Noble-Wang, Judith Park, Benjamin J. Sutton, Deanna A. Benjamin, Lynette Lindsley, Mark Padhye, Arvind Geiser, David M. Ward, Todd J. TI Phylogenetic diversity and microsphere array-based genotyping of human pathogenic fusaria, including isolates from the multistate contact lens - Associated US Keratitis outbreaks of 2005 and 2006 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; FUNGI; INFECTIONS; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; RPB2; OXYSPORUM; NUCLEAR; MEMBERS AB In 2005 and 2006, outbreaks of Fusarium keratitis associated with soft contact lens use occurred in multiple U.S. states and Puerto Rico. A case-control study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed a significant association between infections and the use of one particular brand of lens solution. To characterize the full spectrum of the causal agents involved and their potential sources, partial DNA sequences from three loci (RPB2, EF-1 alpha, and nuclear ribosomal rRNA) totaling 3.48 kb were obtained from 91 corneal and 100 isolates from the patient's environment (e.g., contact lens and lens cases). We also sequenced a 1.8-kb region encoding the RNA polymerase 11 second largest subunit (RPB2) from 126 additional pathogenic isolates to better understand how the keratitis outbreak isolates fit within the full phylogenetic spectrum of clinically important fusaria. These analyses resulted in the most robust phylogenetic framework for Fusarium to date. In addition, RPB2 nucleotide variation within a 72-isolate panel was used to design 34 allele-specific probes to identify representatives of all medically important species complexes and 10 of the most important human pathogenic Fusarium in a single-well diagnostic assay, using flow cytometry and fluorescent microsphere technology. The multilocus data revealed that one haplotype from each of the three most common species comprised 55% of CDC's corneal and environmental isolates and that the corneal isolates comprised 29 haplotypes distributed among 16 species. The high degree of phylogenetic diversity represented among the corneal isolates is consistent with multiple sources of contamination. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov RI Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 NR 44 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2235 EP 2248 DI 10.1128/JCM.00533-07 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 190QB UT WOS:000248072900023 PM 17507522 ER PT J AU Fiscus, SA Wiener, J Abrams, EJ Bulterys, M Cachafeiro, A Respess, RA AF Fiscus, Susan A. Wiener, Jeffrey Abrams, Elaine J. Bulterys, Marc Cachafeiro, Ada Respess, Richard A. TI Ultrasensitive p24 antigen assay for diagnosis of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HIV-INFECTION; NORTH-CAROLINA; INFANTS; TRANSMISSION; RNA; INTERVENTIONS; DISSOCIATION; SENSITIVITY; CHILDREN AB We evaluated an ultrasensitive p24 antigen enzyme immunosorbent assay on 802 plasma specimens from 582 infants and children of 0 to 180 days of age. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 91.7% and 98.5%, respectively. After exclusion of infants of less than 7 days of age, the sensitivity and specificity were 93.7% and 98.3%, respectively. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD Viral Hepatitis & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, Harlem Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Fiscus, SA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 709 Mary Ellen Jones Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM fiscussa@med.une.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI50410, P30 AI050410] NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2274 EP 2277 DI 10.1128/JCM.00813-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 190QB UT WOS:000248072900030 PM 17475763 ER PT J AU Ku, BK Maynard, AD Baron, PA Deye, GJ AF Ku, Bon Ki Maynard, Andrew D. Baron, Paul A. Deye, Gregory J. TI Observation and measurement of anomalous responses in a differential mobility analyzer caused by ultrafine fibrous carbon aerosols SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROSTATICS LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube/nanofiber; differential mobility analyzer; electrical discharge; arcing; low density ID NANOTUBE MATERIAL; MASS; EXPOSURE AB We observed anomalous instrument responses above certain voltages when characterizing aggregates of airborne carbon nanotubes or nanofibers using a differential mobility analyzer (DMA). These were associated with sudden increases in measured number concentrations at high voltages, fluctuations in DMA voltage and audible high-frequency sounds from the DMA column. Onset of the anomalies depended on the material forming the aerosol and DMA sampling flow rate. The low density of the nanotubes relative to the nanofibers is thought to be the main reason the anomalous responses occur more easily and strongly with the nanotubes. Two possible mechanisms are suggested to explain the observations. The results indicate that measurement of nanometer-diameter conducting fibrous material by electrical mobility analysis may present a unique challenge. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ku, BK (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-R3, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM BKu@cdc.gov RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3886 J9 J ELECTROSTAT JI J. Electrost. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 65 IS 8 BP 542 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.elstat.2006.10.012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 183QW UT WOS:000247588300009 ER PT J AU Collier, DF AF Collier, Daneen Farrow TI Direct from CDC's environmental health services branch - Helping environmental health practitioners develop strategic partnerships and engage public health policy makers on the value and benefits of environmental health services SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collier, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dhf6@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 66 EP 67 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 194YY UT WOS:000248380900013 PM 17802820 ER PT J AU Meeker, JD Barr, DB Serdar, B Rappaport, SM Hauser, R AF Meeker, John. D. Barr, Dana B. Serdar, Berrin Rappaport, Stephen M. Hauser, Russ TI Utility of urinary 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol levels to assess environmental carbaryl and naphthalene exposure in an epidemiology study SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomarker; carbaryl; exposure measurement error; naphthalene; naphthol; reproductive health ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NONPERSISTENT INSECTICIDES; HUMAN SPERM; DNA-DAMAGE; BIOMARKERS; METABOLITES; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PESTICIDES; NAPHTHOLS AB We recently reported associations between urinary 1-naphthol (1N) levels and several intermediate measures of male reproductive health, namely sperm motility, serum testosterone levels, and sperm DNA damage. However, because 1N is a major urinary metabolite of both naphthalene and the insecticide carbaryl, exposure misclassification stemming from differences in exposure source was probable and interpretation of the results was limited. As naphthalene, but not carbaryl, is also metabolized to 2-naphthol (2N), the relationship of urinary 1N to 2N within an individual may give information about source of 1N. Utilizing data from two previous studies that measured both 1N and 2N in urine of men exposed to either carbaryl or naphthalene, the present study employed several methods to differentiate urinary 1N arising from exposures to carbaryl and naphthalene among men in the reproductive health study. When re-evaluating the reproductive health data, techniques for identifying 1N source involved exploring interaction terms, stratifying the data set based on 1N/2N ratios, and performing an exposure calibration using a linear 1N to 2N relationship from a study of workers exposed to naphthalene in jet fuel. Despite some inconsistencies between the methods used to distinguish 1N source, we found that 1N from carbaryl exposure is likely responsible for the previously observed association between 1N and sperm motility, whereas 1N from naphthalene exposure is likely accountable for the association between 1N and sperm DNA damage. We demonstrate that studies of health effects associated with carbaryl should utilize a 1N/2N ratio to identify subgroups in which carbaryl is the primary source of 1N. Conversely, studies of naphthalene-related outcomes may utilize 2N levels to estimate exposure. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Meeker, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Room M6226 SHP 2,109 S Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM meekerj@umich.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 NR 40 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 314 EP 320 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500502 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 192OL UT WOS:000248211400003 PM 16721410 ER PT J AU Montesano, MA Olsson, AO Kuklenyik, P Needham, LL Bradman, A Barr, DB AF Montesano, M. Angela Olsson, Anders O. Kuklenyik, Peter Needham, Larry L. Bradman, Asa Barr, Dana B. TI Method for determination of acephate, methamidophos, omethoate, dimethoate, ethylenethiourea and propylenethiourea in human urine using high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organophosphorus insecticides; bisdithiocarbamates; ETU; acephate; methamidophos; urine ID POLAR ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MULTIRESIDUE METHOD; THIOUREA ETU; EXPOSURE; QUANTIFICATION; RESIDUES; INSECTICIDES; METABOLITES AB Because of increasing concern about widespread use of insecticides and fungicides, we have developed a highly sensitive analytical method to quantify urine-specific urinary biomarkers of the organophosphorus pesticides acephate, methamidophos, omethoate, dimethoate, and two metabolites from the fungicides alkylenebis-(dithiocarbamate) family: ethylenethiourea and propylenethiourea. The general sample preparation included lyophilization of the urine samples followed by extraction with dichloromethane. The analytical separation was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and detection by a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. Two different Thermo-Finnigan (San Jose, CA, USA) triple quadrupole mass spectrometers, a TSQ 7000 and a TSQ Quantum Ultra, were used in these analyses; results are presented comparing the method specifications of these two instruments. Isotopically labeled internal standards were used for three of the analytes. The use of labeled internal standards in combination with HPLC-MS/MS provided a high degree of selectivity and precision. Repeated analysis of urine samples spiked with high, medium and low concentration of the analytes gave relative standard deviations of less than 18%. For all compounds the extraction efficiency ranged between 52% and 63%, relative recoveries were about 100%, and the limits of detection were in the range of 0.001-0.282 ng/ml. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Montesano, MA (reprint author), NCEH DLS OAT, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500550 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 192OL UT WOS:000248211400004 PM 17440487 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Whitaker, D Quiros, L Castorina, R Henn, BC Nishioka, M Morgan, J Barr, DB Harnly, M Brisbin, JA Sheldon, LS Mckone, TE Eskenazi, B AF Bradman, Asa Whitaker, Donald Quiros, Lesliam Castorina, Rosemary Henn, Birgit Claus Nishioka, Marcia Morgan, Jeffrey Barr, Dana B. Harnly, Martha Brisbin, Judith A. Sheldon, Linda S. Mckone, Thomas E. Eskenazi, Brenda TI Pesticides and their metabolites in the homes and urine of farmworker children living in the Salinas Valley, CA SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pesticides; children; exposure; agriculture; union suits ID DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; AGRICULTURAL-WORKERS; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; NATIONAL CHILDRENS; WASHINGTON-STATE; HOUSEHOLD DUST; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB In support of planning efforts for the National Children's Study, we conducted a study to test field methods for characterizing pesticide exposures to 20 farmworker children aged 5-27 months old living in the Salinas Valley of Monterey County, California. We tested methods for collecting house dust, indoor and outdoor air, dislodgeable residues from surfaces and toys, residues on clothing (sock and union suits), food, as well as spot and overnight diaper urine samples. We measured 29 common agricultural and home use pesticides in multiple exposure media samples. A subset of organophosphorus (OP), organochlorine (OC) and pyrethroid pesticides were measured in food. We also analyzed urine samples for OP pesticide metabolites. Finally, we administered four field-based exposure assessment instruments: a questionnaire; food diary; home inspection; and a self-administered child activity timeline. Pesticides were detected more frequently in house dust, surface wipes, and clothing than other media, with chlorpyrifos, diazinon, chlorthal-dimethyl, and cis- and trans-permethrin detected in 90% to 100% of samples. Levels of four of these five pesticides were positively correlated among the house dust, sock, and union suit samples (Spearman's rho = 0.18-0.76). Pesticide loading on socks and union suits was higher for the group of 10 toddlers compared to the 10 younger crawling children. Several OP pesticides, as well as 4,4'- DDE, atrazine, and dieldrin were detected in the food samples. The child activity timeline, a novel, low-literacy instrument based on pictures, was successfully used by our participants. Future uses of these data include the development of pesticide exposure models and risk assessment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Richmond, CA USA. US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Technol, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bradman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abradman@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam /Q-4928-2016 OI Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam /0000-0002-6600-7227 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009605] NR 67 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 331 EP 349 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500507 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 192OL UT WOS:000248211400005 PM 16736054 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Schwartz, JM Fenster, L Barr, DB Holland, NT Eskenazi, B AF Bradman, Asa Schwartz, Jackie M. Fenster, Laura Barr, Dana B. Holland, Nina T. Eskenazi, Brenda TI Factors predicting organochlorine pesticide levels in pregnant Latina women living in a United States agricultural area SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DDT/DDE; organochlorine pesticides; maternal exposure; US/Mexico; age; lactation; diet ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN-SERUM; DDT; ASSOCIATION; EXPOSURE; MEXICO; DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHYLENE; DICHLORODIPHENYLTRICHLOROETHANE; DETERMINANTS; GESTATION AB Organochlorine (OC) pesticide use was restricted starting in the 1970s in developed countries and the 1980s and 1990s in developing countries. Current exposure to OC pesticides-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), lindane (99% pure gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH)), hexachlorobenzene (HCB)-occurs on a limited basis. We measured para, para' (p, p')-DDE, p, p'-DDT, ortho, para' (o, p')-DDT, HCB, beta (beta)-HCH (the most persistent isomer of technical-grade HCH) and g-HCH in serum from 426 low-income pregnant Latina women living in an agricultural community in California. Detection frequencies were 94% to 100%. Median levels (ng/g lipid) of p,p'-DDE (1,052), p,p'-DDT (13), beta-HCH (37) and HCB (65) were significantly higher than United States population levels. Multivariate analyses of p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, beta-HCH and HCB indicate that time spent living outside the United States and birthplace in an area of Mexico with recent use of OC pesticides were significant predictors of exposure. Time spent living in the United States was associated with increased serum levels of p,p'-DDE and beta-HCH, but the increase for each year lived in the United States was lower than for each year lived outside the United States. There was no difference between the increase of HCB levels over time spent in or outside the United States, suggesting current and thus preventable exposure routes. However, we observed no associations between serum levels of any OC compound and current intake of saturated fat or agricultural take-home exposure risk factors. Lactation history and recent weight gain were negatively associated with serum levels of some, but not all OC compounds studied. Smoking history was borderline associated with elevated HCB levels. We observed no significant associations with body mass index. Although the weight of evidence from this study indicates that most exposure occurred before moving to the United States, the results for HCB indicate the possibility of ongoing exposure in this country. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res CHAMACOS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Occupat Hlth Branch, Richmond, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bradman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res CHAMACOS, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abradman@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009605, P01-ES009605] NR 37 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 388 EP 399 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500525 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 192OL UT WOS:000248211400010 PM 17033681 ER PT J AU Blount, BC Valentin-Blasini, L Osterloh, JD Mauldin, JP Pirkle, JL AF Blount, Benjamin C. Valentin-Blasini, Liza Osterloh, John D. Mauldin, Joshua P. Pirkle, James L. TI Perchlorate exposure of the US population, 2001-2002 SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; human; urine; exposure assessment; biomonitoring; NHANES ID LOW-DOSE PERCHLORATE; THYROID-FUNCTION; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; LONG-TERM; MILK; INHIBITION; CREATININE; PREGNANCY; WORKERS AB Perchlorate is commonly found in the environment and can impair thyroid function at pharmacological doses. As a result of the potential for widespread human exposure to this biologically active chemical, we assessed perchlorate exposure in a nationally representative population of 2820 US residents, ages 6 years and older, during 2001 and 2002 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES). We found detectable levels of perchlorate ( > 0.05 mu g/l) in all 2820 urine samples tested, indicating widespread human exposure to perchlorate. Urinary perchlorate levels were distributed in a log normal fashion with a median of 3.6 mu g/l (3.38 mu g/g creatinine) and a 95th percentile of 14 mu g/l (12.7 mu g/g creatinine). When geometric means of urinary perchlorate levels were adjusted for age, fasting, sex and race-ethnicity, we found significantly higher levels of urinary perchlorate in children compared with adolescents and adults. We estimated total daily perchlorate dose for each adult ( ages 20 years and older), based on urinary perchlorate, urinary creatinine concentration and physiological parameters predictive of creatinine excretion rate. The 95th percentile of the distribution of estimated daily perchlorate doses in the adult population was 0.234 mu g/kg-day [CI 0.202-0.268 mu g/kg-day] and is below the EPA reference dose (0.7 mu g/ kg-day), a dose estimated to be without appreciable risk of adverse effects during a lifetime of exposure. These data provide the first population-based assessment of the magnitude and prevalence of perchlorate exposure in the US. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Blount, BC (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bkb3@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500535 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 192OL UT WOS:000248211400011 PM 17051137 ER PT J AU Bush-Knapp, ME Budnitz, T Lawton-Ciccarone, RM Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Brinsley-Rainisch, KJ Dressier, DD Williams, MV AF Bush-Knapp, Megan E. Budnitz, Tina Lawton-Ciccarone, Rachel M. Sinkowitz-Cochran, Ronda L. Brinsley-Rainisch, Kristin J. Dressier, Daniel D. Williams, Mark V. TI Impact of society of hospital medicine workshops on hospitalists' knowledge and perceptions of health care-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance SO JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial resistance; healthcare-associated infections; quality improvement; hospitalists; education ID HAND HYGIENE; EDUCATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRATEGIES; CLINICIAN; EMERGENCE; AMERICA; UNITS AB BACKGROUND: Health care-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance threaten the safety of hospitalized patients. New prevention strategies are necessary to address these problems. In response, the Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed and conducted workshops to educate hospitalists about conducting quality improvement programs to address antimicrobial resistance and health care-associated infections in hospitalized patients. METHODS: SHM collected and analyzed data from pretests and posttests administered to physicians who attended SHM workshops in 2005 in 1 of 3 major cities: Denver, Colorado; Boston, Massachusetts; or Portland, Oregon. RESULTS: A total of 69 SHM members attended the workshops, and 50 completed both a pretest and a posttest. Scores on the knowledge-based questions increased significantly from pretest to posttest ((x) over bar = 48% vs. 63%, P < .0001); however, perceptions of the problem of antimicrobial resistance did not change. Most participants (85%) rated the quality of the workshop as "very good" or "excellent" and rated the workshop sessions as "useful" (<(x)over bar> = 3.9 on a 5.0 scale). CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalists who attended the SHM workshop increased their knowledge of health care-associated infections, antimicrobial resistance, and quality improvement programs related to these issues. Similar workshops should be considered in efforts to prevent health care-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance. C1 [Bush-Knapp, Megan E.; Lawton-Ciccarone, Rachel M.; Sinkowitz-Cochran, Ronda L.; Brinsley-Rainisch, Kristin J.] US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Budnitz, Tina] Soc Hosp Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dressier, Daniel D.; Williams, Mark V.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd MS A-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RLS7@CDC.GOV NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1553-5592 J9 J HOSP MED JI J. Hosp. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 2 IS 4 BP 268 EP 273 DI 10.1002/jhm.223 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 292HQ UT WOS:000255257500011 PM 17705240 ER PT J AU van Eijk, AM Ayisi, JG Ter Kuile, FO Slutsker, L Shi, YP Udhayakumar, V Otieno, JA Kager, PA Lal, RB Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL AF van Eijk, Anna M. Ayisi, John G. Ter Kuile, Feiko O. Slutsker, Laurence Shi, Ya Ping Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Otieno, Juliana A. Kager, Piet A. Lal, Renu B. Steketee, Richard W. Nahlen, Bernard L. TI HIV, malaria, and infant anemia as risk factors for postneonatal infant mortality among HIV-seropositive women in Kisumu, Kenya SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 07-12, 2002 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Univ N Carolina, Gen Clin Res Ctr, UNC Ctr AIDS Res, Natl Inst Hlth, Swiss Natl AIDS Res Program, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoWellcome Res & Dev, HIV Antiviral Res ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; WESTERN KENYA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PLACENTAL MALARIA; INFECTION; AFRICA; PREGNANCY; MALAWI; BLOOD AB Background. HIV and malaria in sub-Saharan Africa are associated with poor pregnancy outcome and infant survival. We studied the association of placental malaria, infant malaria and anemia, and infant HIV status with postneonatal infant mortality ( PNIM) among infants of HIV-seropositive women. Methods. During 1996-2001, infants born to 570 HIV-seropositive mothers in Kisumu, Kenya were monitored monthly for malaria ( parasitemia or clinical malaria) and anemia ( hemoglobin level < 8 g/dL) and vital status. Results. Thirty-nine deaths occurred among 112 HIV-positive infants ( 420/1000 live births [ LBs] [ 95% confidence interval {CI}, 318-522 LBs]), and 36 occurred among 458 HIV-negative infants ( 99/1000 LBs [ 95% CI, 68-130 LBs]) (p < .001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis among HIV-negative infants, PNIM was associated with infant anemia ( adjusted hazard ratio [ AHR], 5.03 [ 95% CI, 1.97-12.81]) but not with placental malaria ( AHR, 1.22 [ 95% CI, 0.50-2.95]) or infant malaria ( AHR, 0.35 [ 95% CI, 0.10-1.21]). Among HIV-positive infants, neither placental malaria ( AHR, 0.34 [ 95% CI, 0.10-1.10]) nor infant malaria ( AHR, 0.31 [ 95% CI, 0.07-1.33]) or anemia ( AHR, 1.07 [ 95% CI, 0.32-3.61]) was significantly associated with PNIM. Conclusion. In this study population, placental malaria and infant parasitemia were not risk factors for PNIM among infants of HIV-seropositive women. The prevention of infant anemia may decrease PNIM among HIV-negative infants of HIV-seropositive women. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Malaria Control & Evaluat Partnership Afica, Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Ferney Voltaire, France. Global Fund Flight AIDS TB & Malaria, Div Parasit Dis, Vernier, Switzerland. RP van Eijk, AM (reprint author), 172 Herbert Chitepo, Harare, Zimbabwe. EM amvaneijk@yahoo.com OI ter Kuile, Feiko/0000-0003-3663-5617 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 1 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1086/518441 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 175BL UT WOS:000246987100007 PM 17538880 ER PT J AU Cameron, B Galbraith, S Zhang, Y Davenport, T Vollmer-Conna, U Wakefield, D Hickie, I Dunsmuir, W Whistler, T Vernon, S Reeves, WC Lloyd, AR AF Cameron, Barbara Galbraith, Sally Zhang, Yun Davenport, Tracey Vollmer-Conna, Ute Wakefield, Denis Hickie, Ian Dunsmuir, William Whistler, Toni Vernon, Suzanne Reeves, William C. Lloyd, Andrew R. CA Dubbo Infect Outcomes Study TI Gene expression correlates of postinfective fatigue syndrome after infectious mononucleosis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BARR-VIRUS INFECTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; PROLONGED FATIGUE; PRIMARY-CARE; DISORDER; CELLS; PROFILES; ILLNESS AB Background. Infectious mononucleosis ( IM) commonly triggers a protracted postinfective fatigue syndrome ( PIFS) of unknown pathogenesis. Methods. Seven subjects with PIFS with 6 or more months of disabling symptoms and 8 matched control subjects who had recovered promptly from documented IM were studied. The expression of 30,000 genes was examined in the peripheral blood by microarray analysis in 65 longitudinally collected samples. Gene expression patterns associated with PIFS were sought by correlation with symptom factor scores. Results. Differential expression of 733 genes was identified when samples collected early during the illness and at the late ( recovered) time point were compared. Of these genes, 234 were found to be significantly correlated with the reported severity of the fatigue symptom factor, and 180 were found to be correlated with the musculoskeletal pain symptom factor. Validation by analysis of the longitudinal expression pattern revealed 35 genes for which changes in expression were consistent with the illness course. These genes included several that are involved in signal transduction pathways, metal ion binding, and ion channel activity. Conclusions. Gene expression correlates of the cardinal symptoms of PIFS after IM have been identified. Further studies of these gene products may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of PIFS. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Ctr Infect & Inflammat Res, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychiat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Sydney, Brain & Mind Res Inst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lloyd, AR (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Ctr Infect & Inflammat Res, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM A.Lloyd@unsw.edu.au RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU019851-01] NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 1 BP 56 EP 66 DI 10.1086/518614 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 175BL UT WOS:000246987100011 PM 17538884 ER PT J AU Jain, N Irwin, K Carlin, L Freeman, C Montano, D Kasprzyk, D AF Jain, Nidhi Irwin, Kathleen Carlin, Linda Freeman, Crystal Montano, Daniel Kasprzyk, Danuta TI Use of DNA tests for human papillomavirus infection by US clinicians, 2004 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID SCREENING PRACTICES; WOMEN; MANAGEMENT; CANCER AB Since 1999, human papillomavirus ( HPV) DNA tests have been approved only for abnormal cervical cytology management and as an adjunct to cervical cytology screening. To assess HPV DNA testing practices, we mailed surveys to 6906 randomly selected clinicians in mid-2004. Awareness ( 87%) and ever use ( 67%) of HPV DNA tests was high. Test users were more likely than nonusers to be obstetricians/gynecologists or midwives, to be female, and to serve mainly privately insured patients. Respondents reported ever using HPV DNA tests for both approved and nonapproved indications, which included testing for HPV infection in women with anogenital warts or other sexually transmitted diseases, in their sex partners, and in men. Interventions are needed to discourage HPV DNA test use for nonapproved indications. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. RP Jain, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM njain@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [R24 HD042828-10, R24 HD042828] NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 DI 10.1086/518439 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 175BL UT WOS:000246987100013 PM 17538886 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Lowell, JL Montenieri, JA Bearden, SW Gage, KL AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Lowell, Jennifer L. Montenieri, John A. Bearden, Scott W. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Temporal dynamics of early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas: Secondary infectious feeds prolong efficient transmission by Oropsylla montana (Siphonaptera : Ceratophyllidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oropsylla montana; Yersinia pestis; plague; transmission; duration of infectivity ID BORNE TRANSMISSION; PLAGUE EPIZOOTICS; EVOLUTION AB Plague, a flea-borne zoonotic disease, is characterized by rapidly spreading epizootics. Rate of infectious spread is thought to be related to daily biting rate of the vector, the extrinsic incubation period, vector efficiency, and the duration of infectivity. A recent study of Oropsylla montana (Baker) (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), the primary vector of Yersinia pestis (Yersin) to humans in North America, revealed that this flea feeds readily on a daily basis, has a very short extrinsic incubation period, and efficiently transmits plague bacteria for at least 4 d postinfection (p.i.). Earlier studies based on fleas receiving a single infectious bloodmeal showed that transmission efficiency wanes after 4 d p.i. In our study, we simulate a naturally occurring scenario in which fleas are exposed repeatedly to septicemic hosts, and we evaluate vector efficiency of O. montana 6-9 d after the initial infectious bloodmeal for 1) fleas given a "booster" infectious bloodmeal 5 d after initial exposure and 2) fleas that received an uninfected maintenance bloodmeal 5 d p.i. Transmission of Y. pestis was not observed beyond 7 d after initial exposure in the fleas that received a single infectious bloodmeal, whereas fleas given a booster infectious bloodmeal could transmit throughout the 9-d duration of the study. The proportion of flea pools transmitting Y pestis was significantly higher for fleas receiving multiple, rather than single infectious bloodmeals. Surprisingly, transmission success was not directly related to bacterial loads in fleas. Our data indicated that the duration of time over which O. montana reliably transmitted plague bacteria was longer than previously thought, and this may help to explain rapid rates of epizootic spread. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 672 EP 677 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[672:TDOETO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 185ZH UT WOS:000247748400018 PM 17695024 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Wilder, AP Bearden, SW Montenieri, JA Gage, KL AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Wilder, Aryn P. Bearden, Scott W. Montenieri, John A. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera : Pulicidae) is as efficient as transmission by blocked fleas SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transmission; plague; Yersinia pestis; Xenopsylla cheopis; flea ID PLAGUE-VECTOR EFFICIENCY; BORNE TRANSMISSION; PASTEURELLA-PESTIS; EPIZOOTICS; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY AB For almost a century, the oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), was thought to be the most efficient vector of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis (Yersin). Approximately 2 wk after consuming an infectious bloodmeal, a blockage often forms in the flea's proventriculus, which forces the flea to increase its biting frequency and consequently increases the likelihood of transmission. However, if fleas remain blocked and continue to feed, they usually die within 5 d of blocking, resulting in a short infectious window. Despite observations of X. cheopis transmitting Y. pestis shortly after pathogen acquisition, early-phase transmission (e.g., transmission 1-4 d postinfection [p.i.]) by unblocked fleas was viewed as anomalous and thought to occur only by mass action. We used an artificial feeding system to in feet colony-reared X. cheopis with a fully virulent strain of Y pestis, and we evaluated transmission efficiency 1-4 d p.i. We demonstrate 1) that a single infected and unblocked X. cheopis can infect a susceptible host as early as 1 d p.i., 2) the number of fleas per host required for unblocked fleas to drive a plague epizootic by early-phase transmission is within the flea infestation range observed in nature, and 3) early-pbase transmission by unblocked fleas in the current study was at least as efficient as transmission by blocked fleas in a previously published study using the same colony of fleas and same bacterial strain. Furthermore, transmission efficiency seemed to remain constant until block formation, resulting in an infectious period considerably longer than previously thought. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Enter & Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Enter & Vector Borne Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 678 EP 682 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[678:ETOYPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 185ZH UT WOS:000247748400019 PM 17695025 ER PT J AU Eisen, L Meyer, AM Eisen, RJ AF Eisen, L. Meyer, A. M. Eisen, R. J. TI Climate-based model predicting acarological risk of encountering the human-biting adult life stage of Dermacentor andersoni (Acari : Ixodidae) in a key habitat type in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate; elevation; geographic information system; tick; Dermacentor andersoni ID TICK FEVER VIRUS; MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; LYME-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; WOOD TICKS; IXODES-PACIFICUS; WESTERN MONTANA; ECOLOGY; INFECTION AB We exploited an elevation (climate) gradient ranging from 1,700 to 2,500 in in Poudre Canyon of Larimer County, CO, to determine climatic correlates of abundance per 15-s drag sampling time unit (hereafter referred to as abundance) of the human-biting adult life stage of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acari: Ixodidae), in a key risk habitat for tick exposure: south/west-facing, rocky hillsides with mixed grass- brush- conifer vegetation. The relationship between elevation and abundance was parabolic, with peak tick abundances occurring at mid-range elevations (2,200-2,400 in) and tick abundances approaching zero at approximate to 2,100 and 2,500 m. Regression modeling demonstrated that abundance of host-seeking adult ticks in south/west-facing exposures was accurately predicted by several climate variables related to temperature (e.g., mean annual minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and base 10 degrees T growing degree-days, and median length of annual freeze-free period; r(2) values ranging from 0.771 to 0.864), whereas mean annual precipitation, snowfall, or relative humidity were uninformative in this respect (r(2) values ranging from 0.020 to 0.316). Abundance of D. andersoni adults peaked at a mean annual maximum temperature of approximate to 10 degrees C and a mean annual growing degree-day value of approximate to 650. Relationships between climate variables and abundance of D. andersoni adults were used to create geographic information system (GIS)-based models for predicted tick abundance in south/west-facing exposures in Larimer County. This is the first GIS-based model developed for spatial patterns of abundance of D. andersoni. Finally, preliminary data front Poudre Canyon indicate a shift toward peak abundances of D. andersoni adults occurring in sheltered northern/eastern exposures, rather than in drier and hotter southern/western exposures, at elevations below 2,100 m. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Eisen, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lars.eisen@colostate.edu NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 28 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 694 EP 704 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[694:CMPARO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 185ZH UT WOS:000247748400021 PM 17695027 ER PT J AU Bowman, JD Kavet, R AF Bowman, J. D. Kavet, R. TI Clarification to "pilot measurements of elf contact currents in some electric utility operations" SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Letter C1 CDC, NIOSH, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Bowman, JD (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 7 BP D65 EP D66 DI 10.1080/15459620701363284 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 179TI UT WOS:000247312600001 PM 17497395 ER PT J AU Schubauer-Berigan, MK Deddens, JA Petersen, MR AF Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K. Deddens, James A. Petersen, Martin R. TI Re: Exposure to beryllium and occurrence of lung cancer: A reexamination of findings from a nested case-control study SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID OCCUPATIONAL COHORT C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schubauer-Berigan, MK (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 49 IS 7 BP 708 EP 709 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3180d09e9c PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 190PF UT WOS:000248070500002 PM 17622841 ER PT J AU Maas, W Genco, RJ AF Maas, William Genco, Robert J. TI CDC periodontal disease surveillance project could help states plug data gaps SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Oral Biol, UB Technol Incubator, Sch Dent, Protvino 142284, Russia. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Microbiol, UB Technol Incubator, Sch Dent, Protvino 142284, Russia. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med, Dept Oral Biol, UB Technol Incubator, Protvino 142284, Russia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Microbiol, UB Technol Incubator, Sch Med, Protvino 142284, Russia. RP Genco, RJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Oral Biol, UB Technol Incubator, Sch Dent, 1576 Sweet Home Rd,Suite 103, Protvino 142284, Russia. EM rjgenco@buffalo.edu NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1178 EP 1178 DI 10.1902/jop.2007.070236 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 190YP UT WOS:000248097100002 PM 17608569 ER PT J AU Eke, PI Genco, RJ AF Eke, Paul I. Genco, Robert J. TI CDC periodontal disease surveillance project: Backgroung, objectives, and progress report SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; VALIDITY; VALIDATION; QUESTIONS; ADULTS AB This supplement contains papers presented at the 2006 International Association of Dental Research (IADR) symposium entitled "Development of Self-Reported Measures for Population-Based Surveillance of Periodontitis." These papers highlight activities of an independent periodontal disease surveillance workgroup convened by the Division of Oral Health (DOH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in collaboration with the American Academy of Periodontology, to examine the feasibility of using self-reported measures for population-based surveillance of periodontal disease in the United States. This workgroup was convened in 2003 as part of a CDC periodontal disease surveillance project. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth Surveillance Invest & Res Team, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Buffalo, NY USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Eke, PI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth Surveillance Invest & Res Team, Rhodes Bldg,Mail Stop F-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM peke@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 78 IS 7 SU S BP 1366 EP 1371 DI 10.1902/jop.2007.070134 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 194MZ UT WOS:000248349800002 PM 17610396 ER PT J AU Dye, BA Thornton-Evans, G AF Dye, Bruce A. Thornton-Evans, Gina TI A brief history of national surveillance efforts for periodontal disease in the United States SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; NHANES; oral health; periodontal disease; public health dentistry; surveys. ID NHANES-III; NATURAL-HISTORY; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; INDEX; NUTRITION; SEVERITY; DESIGN; TRENDS; EXTENT AB National efforts directed toward improving our understanding of the epidemiology of periodontal disease began nearly a half century ago following the development of Russell's periodontal index (PI). United States Public Health Service agencies began national surveillance activities for periodontal disease with the first National Health Examination Survey in 1960 to 1962, and this continued periodically through 2004 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Periodontal disease status was assessed by using the PI in the earlier national health surveys, but beginning in the 1980s, direct measures for clinical attachment loss were made in national health surveys and continued through 2004 in NHANES. This article provides a general history of the development and implementation of national surveillance efforts for periodontal disease from the mid-1950s to 2005. It also provides brief background information on the factors that have influenced these national surveillance efforts. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dye, BA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, RM 4416,3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM bfd1@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 78 IS 7 SU S BP 1373 EP 1379 DI 10.1902/jop.2007.060210 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 194MZ UT WOS:000248349800003 PM 17608609 ER PT J AU Page, RC Eke, PI AF Page, Roy C. Eke, Paul I. TI Case definitions for use in population - Based surveillance of periodontitis SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE periodontal disease; surveillance. ID ATTACHMENT LOSS; OLDER-ADULTS; PROBING DEPTH; UNITED-STATES; GINGIVAL RECESSION; CLINICAL FINDINGS; RISK INDICATORS; BONE LEVEL; NHANES-III; DISEASE AB Many definitions of periodontitis have been used in the literature for population-based studies, but there is no accepted standard. In early epiderniologic studies, the two major periodontal diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis, were combined and considered to be a continuum. National United States surveys were conducted in 1960 to 1962, 1971 to 1974, 1981, 1985 to 1986, 1988 to 1994, and 1999 to 2000. The case definitions and protocols used in the six national surveys reflect a continuing evolution and improvement over time. Generally, the clinical diagnosis of periodontitis is based on measures of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), the radiographic pattern and extent of alveolar bone loss, gingival inflammation measured as bleeding on probing, or a combination of these measures. Several other patient characteristics are considered, and several factors, such as age, can affect measurements of PD and CAL. Accuracy and reproducibility of measurements of PD and CAL are important because case definitions for periodontitis are based largely on either or both measurements, and relatively small changes in these values can result in large changes in disease prevalence. The classification currently accepted by the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) was devised by the 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions. However, in 2003 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the AAP appointed a working group to develop further standardized clinical case definitions for population-based studies of periodontitis. This classification defines severe periodontitis and moderate periodontitis in terms of PD and CAL to enhance case definitions and further demonstrates the importance of thresholds of PD and CAL and the number of affected sites when determining prevalence. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Reg Clin Dent Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Page, RC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Reg Clin Dent Res Ctr, Box 357480, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 73 TC 437 Z9 453 U1 6 U2 36 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 78 IS 7 SU S BP 1387 EP 1399 DI 10.1902/jop.2007.060264 PG 13 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 194MZ UT WOS:000248349800005 PM 17608611 ER PT J AU Miller, K Eke, PI Schoua-Glusberg, A AF Miller, Kristen Eke, Paul I. Schoua-Glusberg, Alisu TI Cognitive evaluation of self-report questions for surveillance of periodontitis SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evaluation; research; survey; testing AB This paper describes the cognitive testing of eight self-report questions as part of a broader effort to evaluate and validate the use of these questions in estimating the prevalence of periodontitis in the United States population. This study examined how United States respondents understood and processed the proposed questions in English and Spanish, as well as identifying and correcting for possible response errors. The set of eight questions was selected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Periodontal Disease Surveillance Workgroup for further testing after analytical assessments and field testing of an array of potential questions. Evaluation of these eight oral health questions was based on 40 in-depth, semi-structured cognitive interviews in English and Spanish. Results of this cognitive test study are presented. The recommendations from this cognitive testing evaluation served as the basis to improve the original questions in English and Spanish to be more inclusive and consistent and improve the estimation of periodontal disease in the United States population. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Questionnaire Design Res Lab, Res Support Serv, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Miller, K (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Questionnaire Design Res Lab, Res Support Serv, Mailstop PO8, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 5 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 78 IS 7 SU S BP 1455 EP 1462 DI 10.1902/jop.2007.060384 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 194MZ UT WOS:000248349800011 PM 17610399 ER PT J AU Lenaway, D Corso, L Bailey, S AF Lenaway, Dennis Corso, Liza Bailey, Stephanie TI Accreditation as an opportunity to strengthen public health: CDC's perspective SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Off Stand & Emerging Issues Practice, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lenaway, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Off Stand & Emerging Issues Practice, 1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 21,MS D-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DLenaway@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 332 EP 333 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180IR UT WOS:000247356900002 PM 17563618 ER PT J AU Beitsch, LM Mays, G Corso, L Chang, C Brewer, R AF Beitsch, Leslie M. Mays, Glen Corso, Liza Chang, Carol Brewer, Russell TI States gathering momentum: Promising strategies for accreditation and assessment activities in multistate learning collaborative applicant states SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE accreditation; assessment; performance management; quality improvement ID PUBLIC-HEALTH AB Strategies for establishing a national voluntary public health agency accreditation program have been gathering momentum. Recent efforts funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have made a significant impact on the potential for national diffusion-of accreditation models. The Exploring Accreditation Project was a collaboration of the American Public Health Association, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, the National Association of County and City Health Officials, and the National Association of Local Boards of Health with a national steering committee that studied the feasibility and desirability of a national voluntary accreditation program for state and local public health agencies. Concurrently, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation funded the "Multi-State Learning Collaborative on Performance and Capacity Assessment or Accreditation of Public Health Departments" (MLC). Among the other purposes of the MLC was the intent for states already engaged in accreditation or assessment activities to inform the national accreditation debate. Five states were selected to be MLC grantees from 18 states completing a formal application process. This article reviews data extracted from the applications of 16 of the 18 applicant states and reviews common themes emerging across programs. Other states contemplating similar programs, as well as those charged with implementing the voluntary model at the national level, may find guidance from these examples. C1 Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Med & Publ Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Faye Boozman Coll Publ Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA USA. Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Beitsch, LM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Med & Publ Hlth, 1115 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM les.beitsch@med.fsu.edu NR 14 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 364 EP 373 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180IR UT WOS:000247356900008 ER PT J AU Corso, LC Landrum, LB Lenaway, D Brooks, R Halverson, PK AF Corso, Liza C. Landrum, Laura B. Lenaway, Dennis Brooks, Robert Halverson, Paul K. TI Building a bridge to accreditation - The role of the National Public Health Performance Standards Program SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID VALIDITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control, Off Stand Emerging Issues Practice, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Off Stand & Emerging Isues Practice, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth, Div Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Corso, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, 1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 21,MS-D30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Lcorso@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 374 EP 377 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180IR UT WOS:000247356900009 PM 17563625 ER PT J AU Nolan, P Bialek, R Kushion, ML Lenaway, D Hamm, MS AF Nolan, Patricia Bialek, Ronald Kushion, Mary L. Lenaway, Dennis Hamm, Michael S. TI Financing and creating incentives for a voluntary national accreditation system for public health SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Publ Hlth Fdn, Washington, DC USA. Cent Michigan Dist Hlth Dept, Mt Pleasant, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stand & Emerging Issues Practice, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA USA. S Hamm & Associates, Rockville, MD USA. RP Nolan, P (reprint author), Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth, POB G-S121, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Patricia_Nolan@brown.edu NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 378 EP 382 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180IR UT WOS:000247356900010 PM 17563626 ER PT J AU May, AL Donohue, M Scanlon, KS Sherry, B Dalenius, K Faulkner, P Birch, LL AF May, Ashleigh L. Donohue, Margaret Scanlon, Kelley S. Sherry, Bettylou Dalenius, Karen Faulkner, Patricia Birch, Leann L. TI Child-feeding strategies are associated with maternal concern about children becoming overweight, but not children's weight status SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL INFLUENCES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; RESTRICTING ACCESS; OBESITY PRONENESS; EATING BEHAVIOR; RELATIVE WEIGHT; BELIEFS; QUESTIONNAIRE; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE AB Background Research suggests that parents use specific child-feeding strategies to influence their child's weight based on perceptions and concerns about their child's overweight risk, but limited data are available on ethnically diverse low-income populations. Objective This cross-sectional study examined associations between mothers' perception and concern about children's weight, child-feeding strategies, and child overweight in an ethnically diverse population. Subjects Mothers of preschool children (n=967) who participated in a federally funded nutrition program were asked how they fed their child, how they perceived child's weight, and whether or not they were concerned about their child becoming overweight. Statistical analyses performed Logistic regression to calculate odds of maternal perception/concern given child weight, feeding strategy given maternal perception/concern, and child overweight given feeding strategy. Results Only 21% (n=23/108) of overweight preschoolers were perceived as overweight. Maternal perception of overweight was not associated with feeding strategies. About 53% (n=76/144) of Hispanic, 42% (n=23/55) of African-American, and 29% (n=223/768) of white mothers reported concern about their child becoming overweight. Mothers reporting concern were more likely to restrict child's intake of select foods (odds ratio 5.94; 95% confidence interval 1.74 to 20.28) and less likely to pressure child to eat (odds ratio 0.39; 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.99); however, these strategies did not predict child overweight. Conclusions Mothers concerned about their child becoming overweight were more likely to restrict children's intake of specific foods and less likely to pressure their child to eat; however, this study did not detect an association between feeding strategies and child overweight. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, WIC Program, Div Family & Community Hlth, St Paul, KS USA. RP May, AL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, S-113 HEnderson Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM alm429@psu.edu NR 28 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 107 IS 7 BP 1167 EP 1174 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.04.009 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 186CU UT WOS:000247757500020 PM 17604746 ER PT J AU Ostchega, Y Dillon, CF Hughes, JP Carroll, M Yoon, S AF Ostchega, Yechiam Dillon, Charles F. Hughes, Jeffery P. Carroll, Margaret Yoon, Sarah TI Trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in older US Adults: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988 to 2004 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hypertension; prevalence; therapy; prevention and control; aged; JNC 7; NHANES ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; EMBRACING COMPLEXITY; POPULATION; RISK; PREVENTION; GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT AB OBJECTIVES: To describe hypertension trends in U.S. adults aged 60 and older using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. SETTING: NHANES III (1988-1994) and NHANES 1999 to 2004. Cross-sectional nationally representative health examination survey. DESIGN: Participants in NHANES III (n=5,093) and NHANES 1999 to 2004 (n=4,710). MEASUREMENTS: Blood pressure (BP). RESULTS: In 1999 to 2004, 67% of U.S. adults aged 60 and older years were hypertensive, an increase of 10% from NHANES III. Between 1988 to 1994 and 1999 to 2004, hypertension control increased for men from 39% to 51% (P <.05) but remained unchanged for women (35% to 37%; P >.05). Non-Hispanic black men and women had higher prevalences of hypertension than non-Hispanic whites (odds ratio (OR)=2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.90-3.40 and OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.31-3.26, respectively), but men were less likely to have controlled BP (OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.41-0.86). Mexican-American men and women were less likely than non-Hispanic whites to have controlled BP (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.33-0.91 and OR=0.63, 95% CI=0.40-0.98, respectively). Women and men aged 70 and older were significantly less likely to control their hypertension than those aged 60 to 69. In addition, women aged 70 and older were significantly less aware and treated. Having BP measured within 6 months was significantly associated with greater awareness, greater treatment in men and women, and greater control in women. A history of diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease (CKD) was significantly associated with less hypertension control. CONCLUSION: There was a significant increase in hypertension prevalence from 1988 to 2004. Hypertension control continues to be problematic for women, persons aged 70 and older, non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans, and individuals with diabetes mellitus and CKD. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, Div Hlth Nutr Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ostchega, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, Div Hlth Nutr Examinat Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 4319, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM yxo1@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 191 Z9 202 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1056 EP 1065 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01215.x PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 183YA UT WOS:000247607100012 PM 17608879 ER PT J AU Fingerhut, LA Pokras, R Greenspan, A AF Fingerhut, Lois A. Pokras, Robert Greenspan, Arlene TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Hosp Care Stat Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fingerhut, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2007 VL 63 IS 1 BP 247 EP 248 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3180616be4 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 190MI UT WOS:000248062600049 PM 17622902 ER PT J AU Mizuno, Y Purcell, DW Latka, MH Metsch, LR Gomez, CA Latkin, CA AF Mizuno, Yuko Purcell, David W. Latka, Mary H. Metsch, Lisa R. Gomez, Cynthia A. Latkin, Carl A. TI Beliefs that condoms reduce sexual pleasure-gender differences in correlates among heterosexual HIV-Positive injection drug users (IDUs) SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE condom beliefs; correlates; gender differences; partner norm ID INTIMATE-PARTNER VIOLENCE; RISK BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; PREDICTORS; MEN; INTERVENTIONS; SEROSTATUS; INFECTION; WORKERS AB Studies consistently find that negative condom beliefs or attitudes are significantly associated with less condom use in various populations, including HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs). As part of efforts to reduce sexual risk among HIV-positive IDUs, one of the goals of HIV interventions should be the promotion of positive condom beliefs. In this paper we sought to identify the correlates of negative condom beliefs and examined whether such correlates varied by gender, using a subsample (those with an opposite-sex main partner; n = 348) of baseline data collected as part of a randomized controlled study of HIV-positive IDUs. In multivariate analyses, we found more significant correlates for women than for men. With men, perception that their sex partner is not supportive of condom use (negative partner norm) was the only significant correlate (Beta = -0.30; p < 0.01; R-2 = 0.18). Among women, negative partner norm (Beta = -0.18; p < 0.05); having less knowledge about HIV, STD, and hepatitis (Beta = -0.16; p < 0.05); lower self-efficacy for using a condom (Beta = -0.40; p < 0.01); and more episodes of partner violence (Beta = 0.15; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with negative condom beliefs (R-2 = 0.36). These findings suggest important gender-specific factors to consider in interventions that seek to promote positive condom beliefs among HIV-positive IDUs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Mizuno, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mail Stop E37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ymizuno@cdc.gov OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 44 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD JUL PY 2007 VL 84 IS 4 BP 523 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s11524-007-9162-x PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 190KM UT WOS:000248057700007 PM 17447147 ER PT J AU Gaunt, PS Kalb, SR Barr, JR AF Gaunt, Patricia S. Kalb, Suzanne R. Barr, John R. TI Detection of botulinum type E toxin in channel catfish with visceral toxicosis syndrome using catfish bioassay and endopep mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE botulinum; catfish; endopep mass spectrometry; neutralization assay; visceral toxicosis of catfish ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; E NEUROTOXIN; GREAT-LAKES; DIFFERENTIATION; OUTBREAK; TROUT; ASSAY; FISH AB Visceral toxicosis of catfish (VTC) is a syndrome characterized by sudden mortality in apparently healthy market- and brooder-sized catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). This paper reports the design of a catfish neutralization assay to detect botulinum in catfish with VTC and verification by Endopep mass spectrometry (Endopep-MS). Sera from 6 affected catfish were incubated with botulinum antitoxin serotypes A, B, C, D, E, or F. For each serum sample, 3 experimental fingerlings were injected intracoelomically with each serotype-serum mixture and placed separately in an aquarium. Three fish were injected with VTC-affected serum only, and 3 fish were injected with unaffected serum only and also placed in separate aquaria. Signs of morbidity and mortality were seen in fish injected with sera combined with serotype A, B, C, or D, as well as in positive controls. No morbidity or mortality was seen in fish injected with sera combined with antitoxin serotypes E or F or negative control serum. Sera from affected and unaffected catfish were sent to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for detection and differentiation of botulinum neurotoxin. Aliquots of 0.5 ml of sera were incubated with magnetic beads coated with antibodies to botulinum, and the beads were subjected to the Endopep-MS reaction. Sera from affected catfish tested positive for botulinum E. Sera from 34 unaffected catfish tested negative for botulinum. Although there was not enough botulinum present in affected samples to obtain exact quantification, the estimated quantity of botulinum E in these sera samples was between 0.01 and 0.5 mouse LD50/ml. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, DLS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gaunt, PS (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, PO Box 197,127 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM gaunt@cvm.msstate.edu NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 189MZ UT WOS:000247994300002 PM 17609342 ER PT J AU Brindley, MA Hughes, L Ruiz, A McCray, PB Sanchez, A Sanders, DA Maury, W AF Brindley, Melinda A. Hughes, Laura Ruiz, Autumn McCray, Paul B., Jr. Sanchez, Anthony Sanders, David A. Maury, Wendy TI Ebola virus glycoprotein 1: Identification of residues important for binding and postbinding events SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOLATE RECEPTOR-ALPHA; DC-SIGN; CELLULAR ENTRY; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; MARBURG-VIRUS; VIRAL ENTRY; INFECTION; CELLS; VECTORS; SYSTEM AB The filoviruses Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) are responsible for devastating hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. No therapies are available against these viruses. An understanding of filoviral glycoprotein 1 (GP1) residues involved in entry events would facilitate the development of antivirals. Towards this end, we performed alanine scanning mutagenesis on selected residues in the amino terminus of GPI. Mutant GPs were evaluated for their incorporation onto feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) particles, transduction efficiency, receptor binding, and ability to be cleaved by cathepsins L and B. FIV virions bearing 39 out of 63 mutant glycoproteins transduced cells efficiently, whereas virions bearing the other 24 had reduced levels of transduction. Virions pseudotyped with 23 of the poorly transducing GPs were characterized for their block in entry. Ten mutant GPs were very poorly incorporated onto viral particles. Nine additional mutant GPs (G87A/F88A, K114A/KI15A, K140A, G143A, P146A/C147A, F153A/H154A, F159A, F160A, and Y162A) competed poorly with wild-type GP for binding to permissive cells. Four of these nine mutants (P146A/C147A, F153A/H154A, F159A, and F160A) were also inefficiently cleaved by cathepsins. An additional four mutant GPs (K84A, R134A, D150A, and E305/E306A) that were partially defective in transduction were found to compete effectively for receptor binding and were readily cleaved by cathepsins. This finding suggested that this latter group of mutants might be defective at a postbinding, cathepsin cleavage-independent step. In total, our study confirms the role of some GPI residues in EBOV entry that had previously been recognized and identifies for the first time other residues that are important for productive entry. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Maury, W (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, 3-612 Bowen Sci Bldg, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM wendy-maury@uiowa.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL075363]; NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI064526]; PHS HHS [T32 A1007533] NR 34 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 81 IS 14 BP 7702 EP 7709 DI 10.1128/JVI.02433-06 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 188UF UT WOS:000247944100034 PM 17475648 ER PT J AU Salkeld, DJ Eisen, RJ Stapp, P Wilder, AP Lowell, J Tripp, DW Albertson, D Antolin, MF AF Salkeld, Daniel J. Eisen, Rebecca J. Stapp, Paul Wilder, Aryn P. Lowell, Jennifer Tripp, Daniel W. Albertson, Doug Antolin, Michael F. TI The potential role of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) and their fleas in plague outbreaks in prairie dogs SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE carnivore disease; plague transmission; swift fox; Vulpes velox; Yersinia pesos ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COYOTES CANIS-LATRANS; YERSINIA-PESTIS; SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO; NORTHWESTERN TEXAS; SYLVATIC PLAGUE; INFECTION; DISEASES AB Swift foxes (Vulpes velox) have been proposed as potential carriers of fleas infected with the bacterium Yersinia pestis between areas of epizootics in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). We examined antibody prevalence rates of a population of swift foxes in Colorado, USA, and used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to examine their flea biota for evidence of Y. pestis. Fifteen of 61 (24%) captured foxes were seropositive, and antibody prevalence was spatially correlated with epizootic plague activity in prairie dog colonies in the year of, and previous to, the study. Foxes commonly harbored the flea Pulex simulans, though none of the fleas was positive for Y. pestis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. California State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. IUCN World Conservat Union, Washington, DC 20009 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Badlands Natl Park, Interior, SD 57750 USA. RP Salkeld, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dsalkeld@nature.berkeley.edu NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 425 EP 431 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 202RO UT WOS:000248921100010 PM 17699080 ER PT J AU Mcguire, LC Anderson, LA Talley, RC Crews, JE AF Mcguire, Lisa C. Anderson, Lynda A. Talley, Ronda C. Crews, John E. TI Supportive care needs of americans: A major issue for women as both recipients and providers SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FAMILY CAREGIVERS; GENDER AB In 2004, there were approximately 44 million men and women in the United States who were providing unpaid care to a family member, friend, or neighbor; these caregivers represented an estimated 22.9 million households (21% of all U. S. households). The 1-year economic value of this unpaid labor force was recently estimated to be $306 billion. Caregiving is an important issue for women, as they represent 61% of those providing care and 65% of those receiving care. Women caregivers tend to fare worse than men, reporting higher levels of symptoms tied to depression and anxiety and lower levels of subjective well-being, life satisfaction, and physical health. In addition, the care that women provide is not without cost to them in terms of their financial future. Still, despite the burden, most caregivers consider providing care to family and friends a rewarding experience. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Hlth Aging Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Birth Defects Ctr & DEv Disabil, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Birth Defects Ctr & DEv Disabil, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mcguire, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Hlth Aging Program, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mail Stop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LMcGuire@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 784 EP 789 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.CDC6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 197JR UT WOS:000248551600001 PM 17678448 ER PT J AU Mulholland, C Njoroge, T Mersereau, P Williams, J AF Mulholland, Celene Njoroge, Terry Mersereau, Patricia Williams, Jennifer TI Comparison of guidelines available in the united states for diagnosis and management of diabetes before, during, and after pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; FETAL MALFORMATIONS; PRECONCEPTION CARE; WOMEN; MELLITUS; RISK; PREVALENCE; CRITERIA; DISEASE; HEALTH AB Women with preexisting diabetes are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and birth defects. Women with gestational diabetes are at increased risk for adverse outcomes, including neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, macrosomia, increased risk of obesity and diabetes in the offspring later in life, and increased risk for other maternal comorbidities. Studies have shown that tight glycemic control before and during pregnancy can decrease the risk for adverse outcomes, congenital malformations, and maternal complications resulting from maternal preexisting diabetes. It is important to identify women with gestational diabetes and provide interconception care to minimize the risk of a future pregnancy complicated by type 2 diabetes. To reduce the risk of adverse consequences for both the woman and her baby, it is important to effectively manage diabetes before, during, and after pregnancy. Several professional organizations have developed guidelines in an effort to establish some consistency in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and to decrease the risk of adverse outcomes. The objectives of this paper are to (1) compare the guidelines for women with preexisting (types 1 and 2) and gestational diabetes available to healthcare providers in the United States, highlighting the similarities and differences among them, and (2) discuss how differences among the guidelines might affect efforts to address the challenges of controlling and preventing diabetes and resulting complications during pregnancy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDDD, Assoc Prevent Teaching, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Njoroge, T (reprint author), MIHB, DRH, NCCDPHP, 2092 Columbia,2900 Woodcock Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. EM cmn5@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 790 EP 801 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.CDC7 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 197JR UT WOS:000248551600002 PM 17678449 ER PT J AU Kallen, AJ Patel, PR AF Kallen, A. J. Patel, P. R. TI In search of a rational approach to chronic kidney disease detection and management SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANEMIA AB Rates of incident end-stage renal disease persist above established goals, driving efforts for early identification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to reduce progression. The detection of CKD using existing electronic data sources has been proposed as an efficient identification method; however, this method is not without potential challenges and limitations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kallen, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MSA-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AKallen@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 72 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1038/sj.ki.5002233 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 188HD UT WOS:000247909800001 PM 17597785 ER PT J AU Callaghan, WM Rasmussen, SA Jamieson, DJ Ventura, SJ Farr, SL Sutton, PD Mathews, TJ Hamilton, BE Shealy, KR Brantley, D Posner, SF AF Callaghan, William M. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Jamieson, Denise J. Ventura, Stephanie J. Farr, Sherry L. Sutton, Paul D. Mathews, Thomas J. Hamilton, Brady E. Shealy, Katherine R. Brantley, Dabo Posner, Sam F. TI Health concerns of women and infants in times of natural disasters: Lessons learned from Hurricane Katrina SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Hurricane katrina; pregnant women and infants; natural disasters ID WORLD-TRADE-CENTER; CENTER ATTACKS; PREGNANCY; OUTCOMES; STRESS; GROWTH; CARE AB Pregnant women and infants have unique health concerns in the aftermath of a natural disaster such as Hurricane Katrina. Although exact numbers are lacking, we estimate that approximately 56,000 pregnant women and 75,000 infants were directly affected by the hurricane. Disruptions in the supply of clean water for drinking and bathing, inadequate access to safe food, exposure to environmental toxins, interruption of health care, crowded conditions in shelters, and disruption of public health and clinical care infrastructure posed threats to these vulnerable populations. This report cites the example of Hurricane Katrina to focus on the needs of pregnant women and infants during times of natural disasters and provides considerations for those who plan for the response to these events. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Callaghan, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcallaghan@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 30 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 11 IS 4 BP 307 EP 311 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0177-4 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 163SY UT WOS:000246184700001 PM 17253147 ER PT J AU George, T Shefer, AM Rickert, D David, F Stevenson, JM Fishbein, DB AF George, Thomas Shefer, Abigail M. Rickert, Donna David, Felicita Stevenson, John M. Fishbein, Daniel B. TI A status report from 1996-2004: Are more effective immunization interventions being used in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program? SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE WIC (Women, Infants, Children); immunization; women; infants and children; evaluation; underserved; policy; diphtheria vaccine; pertussis vaccine; tetanus vaccine; assessment and referral; monthly voucher pickup; vaccination coverage ID SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION PROGRAM; COVERAGE; IMPACT AB Background: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) enrolls almost 50% of the US birth cohort and these children have significantly lower immunization coverage rates than their counterparts not eligible for WIC. In 1994, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and USDA began a national initiative to increase immunization coverage in low-income children by incorporating immunization-promoting activities into WIC visits (WIC/Immunization linkages). Since 1998, CDC has monitored the WIC/Immunization linkages assessment and referral (with and without the more aggressive strategy of monthly voucher pick-up, client outreach and tracking and parental incentives) and three other immunization supporting activities (computerized systems to assess immunization status, collocation of WIC and immunization services, coordination of WIC and immunization services). Methods: Through an annual survey of state Immunization and WIC programs, a trend analysis was conducted for years 1998 through 2004 to determine changes in the use and frequency of WIC/Immunization linkage activities. Results: During the 7-year study period, the use of assessment and referral increased from 71% to 94%, monthly voucher pick-up from 24% to 35%, and coordination of WIC and immunization services from 61% to 78% (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons) in WIC sites nationwide. The frequency of assessment and referral (at each visit [four or more times/ year] versus certification visits [two times/year]) was reported to decrease during the study period (p < 0.0001). Outreach and tracking and collocation of services did not change significantly while the use of parental incentives decreased (p < 0.0001). The availability of computers and their use immunization assessment increased during the period. From 2002-2004, the number of states reporting that they base assessment and referral on a single vaccine (diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis) instead of counting multiple vaccines increased from 5 to 10. Conclusions: Immunization promoting activities, especially those known to be most effective in improving coverage such as monthly voucher pickup, are increasing in WIC. Focusing on effective interventions including supporting activities such as computerized assessment will be essential in meeting Healthy People 2010 infant and childhood immunization coverage goals. In addition, the use of WIC resources can be minimized by encouraging evaluation of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis coverage as a marker for up to date status, instead of counting all vaccine doses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fishbein, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbf1@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 11 IS 4 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0181-8 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 163SY UT WOS:000246184700004 PM 17357848 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Whitehead, N Bensyl, D AF Ahluwalia, Indu B. Whitehead, Nedra Bensyl, Diana TI Pregnancy intention and contraceptive use among adult women SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pregnancy intention; contraceptive use; behavioral risk factor surveillance system; pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AB Objectives: We examined pregnancy intention measures and contraceptive use behaviors among reproductive-age women using data from two CDC-based surveillance systems. Methods: We analyzed data for women aged 18-44 from 4 states that collected information on pregnancy and contraceptive use from both the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS, n = 4201) and the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS, n = 7761) in 2000. Standard definitions of intended and unintended pregnancy were used. Results: BRFSS data show that 4% (95% CI: 2.8-5.2) of the women were pregnant at the time of interview and that 57% (95% CI: 41.9-71.9) of these pregnancies were intended. Women who had been pregnant within the last 5 years but were not currently pregnant reported that 61% (95% CI: 55.9-65.3) of their most recent pregnancies had been intended. According to PRAMS, 58% (95% CI: 56.5-60.5) of women with live births had intended pregnancies. Contraceptive use varied across the surveys; 68% (95% CI: 65.7-70.7) of all non-pregnant women from BRFSS and 87% (95% CI: 85.1-87.9) of women with a recent live birth from PRAMS reported using contraceptives. Conclusions: Although contraceptive use differed between the BRFSS and PRAMS, the patterns of pregnancy intention were similar for women who had a pregnancy within the past 5 years, those who recently delivered a live-born infant, and those who were currently pregnant. It appears that reporting of pregnancy intention is not affected by timing of assessment across the two surveys. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Iahluwalia@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 11 IS 4 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0180-9 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 163SY UT WOS:000246184700006 PM 17394055 ER PT J AU Desrosiers, DC Sun, YC Zaidi, AA Eggers, CH Cox, DL Radolf, JD AF Desrosiers, Daniel C. Sun, Yong Cheng Zaidi, Akbar A. Eggers, Christian H. Cox, David L. Radolf, Justin D. TI The general transition metal (Tro) and Zn2+ (Znu) transporters in Treponema pallidum: analysis of metal specificities and expression profiles SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; IRON ACQUISITION-SYSTEMS; ZINC-BINDING PROTEIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; YERSINIA-PESTIS; SUPEROXIDE REDUCTASE; SYPHILIS SPIROCHETE; ABC TRANSPORTER; STREPTOCOCCUS-PYOGENES AB Acquisition of transition metals is central to the struggle between a bacterial pathogen and its mammalian host. Previous studies demonstrated that Treponema pallidum encodes a cluster-9 (C9) ABC transporter (troABCD) whose solute-binding protein component (TroA) ligands Zn2+ and Mn2+ with essentially equal affinities. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that T pallidum encodes an additional C9 transporter (tp0034-36) orthologous to Zn2+-uptake (Znu) systems in other bacteria; the binding protein component, ZnuA, contains a His-rich tract characteristic of C9 Zn2+ -binding proteins. Metal analysis and metal-reconstitution studies demonstrated that ZnuA is a Zn2+-binding protein; parallel studies confirmed that TroA binds Zn2+, Mn2+ and Fe. Circular dichroism showed that ZnuA, but not TroA, undergoes conformational changes in the presence of Zn2+. Using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we demonstrated that TroA binds Zn2+ and Mn2+ with affinities approximately 100-fold greater than those previously reported. ITC analysis revealed that ZnuA contains multiple Zn2+-binding sites, two of which are high-affinity and presumed to be located within the binding pocket and His-rich loop. Quantitative reverse tran- scription polymerase chain reaction of tro and znu transcripts combined with immunoblot analysis of TroA and ZnuA confirmed that both transporters are simultaneously expressed in T pallidum and that TroA is expressed at much greater levels than ZnuA. Collectively, our findings indicate that T pallidum procures transition metals via the concerted utilization of its general metal (Tro) and Zn2+ (;'nu) transporters. Sequestration of periplasmic Zn2+ by ZnuA may free up TroA binding capacity for the importation of Fe and Mn2+. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Reference & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Stat & Data Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP Radolf, JD (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. EM jradolf@up.uchc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI026756, R37 AI026756-19, AI-26756] NR 85 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 65 IS 1 BP 137 EP 152 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05771.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 187TO UT WOS:000247871600012 PM 17581125 ER PT J AU Hayden, CS Zechmann, EL AF Hayden, Charles S. Zechmann, Edward L. TI Estimation of sound pressure level exposures from sound power level measurements of powered hand-tools SO NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NOISE EXPOSURE AB As part of along-term goal to reduce noise-induced hearing loss in the construction industry, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) estimated the A-weighted sound pressure level at the operator's ear (L-pA,L-est) from the A-weighted sound power (L-WA) measurements of 118 various model powered hand tools using the diffuse-field point source model Eyring theory. LpA,est from the model are compared to sound pressure measurements (L-pA,L-meas) acquired from a microphone located in the nominal hearing zone of a simulated powered hand tool operator. This paper provides a basis for the direct substitution of L-WA for LpA,meas and a comparison of L-pa,L-est to L-pA,L-meas. The magnitude of L-WA is found to be a reasonable predictor of the magnitude of sound pressure level exposure, or LpA,meas, that a powered hand tool operator might experience across a variety of acoustical environments. As such, L-WA can be used directly to select appropriate hearing protection and estimate worker' noise exposure. L-WA can be measured for all power tools with appropriate loading conditions; however, measuring the sound pressure levels for all combinations of powered hand tools and acoustical environments in the construction industry is not feasible. Purchasers and users of those tools deserve a viable method of estimating noise exposure. (c) 2007 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Hayden, CS (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway C27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM CHayden@cdc.gov; EZhmann@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV, COLLEGE ENGINEERING, 212 MARSTON HALL, AMES, IA 50011-2152 USA SN 0736-2501 J9 NOISE CONTROL ENG J JI Noise Control Eng. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.3397/1.2750437 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 205II UT WOS:000249106800001 ER PT J AU Angellotti, MC Bhuiyan, SB Chen, G Wan, XF AF Angellotti, Michael C. Bhuiyan, Shafquat B. Chen, Guorong Wan, Xiu-Feng TI CodonO: codon usage bias analysis within and across genomes SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HUMAN GENES; EXPRESSION; SELECTION; SEQUENCES; BACTERIA AB Synonymous codon usage biases are associated with various biological factors, such as gene expression level, gene length, gene translation initiation signal, protein amino acid composition, protein structure, tRNA abundance, mutation frequency and patterns, and GC compositions. Quantification of codon usage bias helps understand evolution of living organisms. A codon usage bias pipeline is demanding for codon usage bias analyses within and across genomes. Here we present a CodonO webserver service as a user-friendly tool for codon usage bias analyses across and within genomes in real time. The webserver is available at http//www.sysbiology.org/CodonO. Contact: wanhenry@yahoo.com. C1 [Angellotti, Michael C.; Bhuiyan, Shafquat B.; Chen, Guorong; Wan, Xiu-Feng] Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Syst Biol Lab, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Wan, XF (reprint author), CDC, Influenza Div, Mol Virol & Vaccine Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wanhenry@yahoo.com NR 23 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 35 SU S BP W132 EP W136 DI 10.1093/nar/gkm392 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 293CD UT WOS:000255311500026 PM 17537810 ER PT J AU Lu, G Rowley, T Garten, R Donis, RO AF Lu, Guoqing Rowley, Thaine Garten, Rebecca Donis, Ruben O. TI FluGenome: a web tool for genotyping influenza A virus SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WILD AQUATIC BIRDS; UNITED-STATES; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; EVOLUTION; PIGS; MORTALITY; RECOMBINATION; EMERGENCE; ECOLOGY AB Influenza A viruses are hosted by numerous avian and mammalian species, which have shaped their evolution into distinct lineages worldwide. The viral genome consists of eight RNA segments that are frequently exchanged between different viruses via a process known as genetic reassortment. A complete genotype nomenclature is essential to describe gene segment reassortment. Specialized bioinformatic tools to analyze reassortment are not available, which hampers progress in understanding its role in host range, virulence and transmissibility of influenza viruses. To meet this need, we have developed a nomenclature to name influenza A genotypes and implemented a web server, FluGenome (http://www.flugenome.org/), for the assignment of lineages and genotypes. FluGenome provides functions for the user to interrogate the database in different modalities and get detailed reports on lineages and genotypes. These features make FluGenome unique in its ability to automatically detect genotype differences attributable to reassortment events in influenza A virus evolution. C1 [Garten, Rebecca; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lu, Guoqing; Rowley, Thaine] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Lu, Guoqing; Rowley, Thaine] Univ Nebraska, Dept Comp Sci, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP Donis, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. EM rdonis@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 35 SU S BP W275 EP W279 DI 10.1093/nar/gkm365 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 293CD UT WOS:000255311500051 PM 17537820 ER PT J AU Must, A Bandini, LG Tybor, DJ Phillips, SM Naumova, EN Dietz, WH AF Must, Aviva Bandini, Linda G. Tybor, David J. Phillips, Sarah M. Naumova, Elena N. Dietz, William H. TI Activity, inactivity, and screen time in relation to weight and fatness over adolescence in girls SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE BMI; body composition; television; physical activity; adolescents ID BODY-MASS INDEX; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; BMI Z-SCORE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FRAMINGHAM CHILDRENS; SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; OBESITY; ADIPOSITY AB Objective: The impact of activity and inactivity on relative weight and fatness change are best evaluated longitudinally. We examined the longitudinal relationship of physical activity, inactivity, and screen time with relative weight status and percentage body fat (%BF) and explored how it differed by parental overweight status. Research Methods and Procedures: Non-obese pre-menarcheal girls (173), 8 to 12 years old, were followed until 4 years post-menarche. %BF, BMI z-score, and time spent sleeping, sitting, standing, walking, and in vigorous activity were assessed annually. We developed a physical activity index to reflect time and intensity of activity. Inactivity was defined as the sum of time spent sleeping, sitting, and standing. Screen time was defined as time spent viewing television, videotapes, or playing video games. Parental overweight was defined as at least one parent with BMI > 25. Results: In separate linear mixed effects models, activity, inactivity, and screen time were unrelated to BMI z-score longitudinally, with and without accounting for parental overweight. After controlling for parental overweight, activity was inversely related (p < 0.001), and inactivity was directly related (p < 0.035) to increased %BF longitudinally. Screen time was unrelated to %BF change. With stratification for parental overweight, effects of activity and inactivity on %BF were observed only among girls with at least one overweight parent. Discussion: In this cohort of initially non-overweight girls, activity and inactivity were related to accrual of BF over adolescence, particularly among children with at least one overweight parent. These results suggest that girls with a family history of overweight represent a target population of high priority for interventions around physical activity and inactivity. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Must, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM aviva.must@tufts.edu RI Naumova, Elena/C-5954-2011; Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012; OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219; Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00088, M01-RR-01066]; NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL069772]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-HD50537, P30 DK046200, P30 DK46200] NR 38 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 8 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD JUL PY 2007 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1774 EP 1781 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.211 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 192ZO UT WOS:000248242900019 PM 17636096 ER PT J AU Rein, DB Saaddine, JB Wittenborn, JS Wirth, KE Hoerger, TJ Narayan, KMV Clemons, T Sorensen, SW AF Rein, David B. Saaddine, Jinan B. Wittenborn, John S. Wirth, Kathleen E. Hoerger, Thomas J. Narayan, K. M. Venkat Clemons, Traci Sorensen, Stephen W. TI Cost-effectiveness of vitamin therapy for age-related macular degeneration SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBFOVEAL CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS; BLUE-MOUNTAINS-EYE; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION; BETA-CAROTENE; VERTEPORFIN THERAPY; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; UNITED-STATES; LUNG-CANCER AB Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of vitamin therapy (antioxidants plus zinc) for all indicated patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design: We compared the impacts of vitamin therapy with those of no vitamin therapy using a computerized, stochastic, agent-based model. The model simulated the natural history of AMD and patterns of ophthalmic service use in the United States in a cohort from age 50 years until 100 or death. Participants and/or Controls: The model created 20 million simulated individuals. These individuals each received both the intervention (vitamin therapy after diagnosis) and the control (no vitamin therapy). Expected outcomes generated when vitamins were taken after diagnosis were compared with the expected outcomes generated when they were not. Methods: The model created individuals representative of patients in the U.S. Incidence of early AMD was based on published studies, as was vision loss and response to choroidal neovascularization therapies. Post-incident disease progression was governed by previously unpublished data drawn from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. Main Outcome Measures: Extent of disease progression, years and severity of visual impairment, cost of ophthalmic care and nursing home services, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs and benefits were considered from the health care perspective and discounted using a 3% rate. The analysis was run for 50 years starting in 2003. Results: Compared with no therapy, vitamin therapy yielded a cost-effectiveness ratio of $21 387 per QALY gained and lowered the percentage of patients with AMD who ever developed visual impairment in the better-seeing eye from 7.0% to 5.6%. Conclusions: Our model demonstrates that vitamin therapy for AMD improves quality of life at a reasonable cost. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Emmes Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Rein, DB (reprint author), RTI Int, 2957 Flowers Rd,Suite 119, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM drein@rti.org RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 FU PHS HHS [200-2002-00776] NR 39 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 114 IS 7 BP 1319 EP 1326 DI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.10.041 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 184GS UT WOS:000247629700013 PM 17320962 ER PT J AU Golightly, YM Allen, KD Renner, JB Helmick, CG Salazar, A Jordan, JM AF Golightly, Y. M. Allen, K. D. Renner, J. B. Helmick, C. G. Salazar, A. Jordan, J. M. TI Relationship of limb length inequality with radiographic knee and hip osteoarthritis SO OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE LA English DT Article DE osteoarthritis; leg length inequality ID PROGRESSION; PREVALENCE; ARTHRITIS; DISEASE; JOINT; DISCREPANCIES; DISPARITY; ALIGNMENT; SYMPTOMS; LAXITY AB Objective: This study examined the relationship of limb length inequality (LLI) with radiographic hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a large, community-based sample. Methods: The total study group comprised 926 participants with radiographic knee OA, 796 with radiographic hip OA, and 210 (6.6%) with LLI >2 cm. The presence of radiographic CA was defined as Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grade >= 2. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship of LLI with hip and knee OA, while controlling for age, gender, race, body mass index, and history of hip or knee problems (joint injury, fracture, surgery, or congenital anomalies). Results: In unadjusted analyses, participants with LLI were more likely than those without LLI to have radiographic knee OA (45.1 % vs 28.3%, P < 0.001) and radiographic hip CA (35.2% vs 28.7%, P = 0.063). In multiple logistic regression models, knee CA was significantly associated with presence of LLI (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 1.80, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 1.29-2.52), but there was no significant relationship between hip OA and LLI (aOR = 1.20, 95% Cl 0.86-1.67). Among participants with LLI, right hip OA was more common when the contralateral limb was longer than when the ipsilateral limb was longer (30.3% vs 17.5%, P= 0.070). Conclusion: LLI was associated with radiographic knee OA, controlling for other important variables. Future research should examine the relationship of LLI with hip or knee CA incidence, progression, and symptom severity, as well as the efficacy for LLI corrective treatments in OA. (c) 2007 Ostecarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Hlth Serv Res & Dev Serv, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Radiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. San Agustin Univ, Arequipa, Peru. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Orthopaed, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Jordan, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, 3300 Doc J Thurston,Jr Bldg,CB 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM joanne_jordan@med.unc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [T32 AR007416-26, 5 P60 AR49465-03, 5-P60-AR30701, P60 AR030701, P60 AR030701-160025, P60 AR049465, P60 AR049465-03, T32 AR007416, T32 AR07416] NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 1063-4584 J9 OSTEOARTHR CARTILAGE JI Osteoarthritis Cartilage PD JUL PY 2007 VL 15 IS 7 BP 824 EP 829 DI 10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.009 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Rheumatology SC Orthopedics; Rheumatology GA 190JL UT WOS:000248055000012 PM 17321169 ER PT J AU Nesheim, SR Kapogiannis, BG Soe, MM Sullivan, KM Abrams, E Farley, J Palumbo, P Koenig, LJ Bulterys, M AF Nesheim, Steven R. Kapogiannis, Bill G. Soe, Minn M. Sullivan, Kevin M. Abrams, Elaine Farley, John Palumbo, Paul Koenig, Linda J. Bulterys, Marc TI Trends in opportunistic infections in the pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy eras among HIV-infected children in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study, 1986-2004 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pediatric HIV/AIDS; opportunistic infections; highly active antiretroviral therapy ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; RISK-FACTORS; PROPHYLAXIS; ZIDOVUDINE; DISEASE; REDUCTION; MORTALITY; ILLNESSES AB OBJECTIVE. We sought to determine the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the incidence and prevalence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected children. METHODS. Children born from 1986 to 1998 were monitored until 2004 in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study, sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We determined the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy (before and after January 1, 1997, respectively) incidence rates of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children and characterized the temporal decreases in percentages of CD4(+) cells and the mortality rates among patients with and those without incident opportunistic infections. RESULTS. The overall opportunistic infection incidence declined from 14.4 to 1.1 cases per 100 patient-years; statistically significant reductions were seen in the incidence of the most common opportunistic infections, including Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (5.8 vs 0.3 cases per 100 patient-years), recurrent bacterial infections (4.7 vs 0.2 cases per 100 patient-years), extraocular cytomegalovirus infection (1.4 vs 0.1 cases per 100 patient-years), and disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (1.3 vs 0.2 cases per 100 patient-years). Kaplan-Meier analysis of time from birth to the first opportunistic infection illustrated more-rapid acquisition of opportunistic infections by HIV-infected children born in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy era than by those born later. In the first 3 years of life, there was a faster decline in the percentage of CD4(+) cells among children with opportunistic infections. The mortality rate was significantly higher among children with opportunistic infections. CONCLUSIONS. Reduction in the incidence of opportunistic infections and prolongation of the time to the first opportunistic infection were noted during the post highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Children who experienced opportunistic infections had higher mortality rates than did those who did not. Younger children (< 3 years) who experienced opportunistic infections had faster declines in percentages of CD4(+) T cells. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kapogiannis, BG (reprint author), NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & maternal AIDS Branch, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 4B11J, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kapogiannisb@mail.nih.gov FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU306825, U64/CCU207228, U64/CCU202219, U64/CCU404456] NR 30 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2007 VL 120 IS 1 BP 100 EP 109 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2052 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 185OC UT WOS:000247719300013 PM 17606567 ER PT J AU Bocchini, JA Baltimore, RS Bernstein, HH Bradley, JS Brady, MT Dennehy, PH Fisher, MC Frenck, RW Kimberlin, DW Long, SS McMillan, JA Rubin, LG Clover, RD Fischer, MA Gorman, RL Pratt, DR Schuchat, A Schwartz, B Starke, JR Swanson, J Pickering, LK Baker, CJ Ledbetter, EO Siwek, A AF Bocchini, Joseph A., Jr. Baltimore, Robert S. Bernstein, Henry H. Bradley, John S. Brady, Michael T. Dennehy, Penelope H. Fisher, Margaret C. Frenck, Robert W., Jr. Kimberlin, David W. Long, Sarah S. McMillan, Julia A. Rubin, Lorry G. Clover, Richard D. Fischer, Marc A. Gorman, Richard L. Pratt, Douglas R. Schuchat, Anne Schwartz, Benjamin Starke, Jeffrey R. Swanson, Jack Pickering, Larry K. Baker, Carol J. Ledbetter, Edgar O. Siwek, Alison CA Comm Infectious Dis TI Prevention of varicella: Recommendations for use of varicella vaccines in children, including a recommendation for a routine 2-dose varicella immunization schedule SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE chickenpox; varicella; immunization; Varivax; ProQuad ID HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ZOSTER VIRUS-INFECTIONS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; UNITED-STATES; HERPES-ZOSTER; ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; LONG-TERM; FOLLOW-UP; ADULTS AB National varicella immunization coverage using the current 1-dose immunization strategy has increased among vaccine-eligible children 19 through 35 months of age from 27% in 1997 to 88% by 2005. These high immunization rates have resulted in a 71% to 84% decrease in the reported number of varicella cases, an 88% decrease in varicella-related hospitalizations, a 59% decrease in varicella-related ambulatory care visits, and a 92% decrease in varicella-related deaths in 1- to 4-year-old children when compared with data from the prevaccine era. Despite this significant decrease, the number of reported cases of varicella has remained relatively constant during the past 5 to 6 years. Since vaccine effectiveness for prevention of disease of any severity has been 80% to 85%, a large number of cases of varicella continue to occur among people who already have received the vaccine ( breakthrough varicella), and outbreaks of varicella have been reported among highly immunized populations of schoolchildren. The peak age-specific incidence has shifted from 3- to 6-year-old children in the prevaccine era to 9- to 11-year-old children in the postvaccine era for cases in both immunized and unimmunized children during these outbreaks. Outbreaks of varicella are likely to continue with the current 1-dose immunization strategy. After administration of 2 doses of varicella vaccine in children, the immune response is markedly enhanced, with > 99% of children achieving an antibody concentration (determined by glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) of >= 5 U/mL (an approximate correlate of protection) and a marked increase in geometric mean antibody titers after the second vaccine dose. The estimated vaccine efficacy over a 10-year observation period of 2 doses for prevention of any varicella disease is 98% (compared with 94% for 1 dose), with 100% efficacy for prevention of severe disease. Recipients of 2 doses of varicella vaccine are 3.3-fold less likely to have breakthrough varicella, compared with those who are given 1 dose, during the first 10 years after immunization. To achieve greater levels of immunity with fewer serosusceptible people, greater protection against breakthrough varicella disease, and reduction in the number of outbreaks that occur nationwide among school-aged populations, a 2-dose varicella immunization strategy is now recommended for children >= 12 months of age. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. OI Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 NR 79 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2007 VL 120 IS 1 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1089 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 185OC UT WOS:000247719300028 ER PT J AU Carpenter, LR Lott, J Lawson, BM Hall, S Craig, AS Schaffner, W Jones, TF AF Carpenter, L. Rand Lott, John Lawson, Brian M. Hall, Stephanie Craig, Allen S. Schaffner, William Jones, Timothy F. TI Mass distribution of free, intranasally administered influenza vaccine in a public school system SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE influenza; immunizations; live attenuated influenza vaccine vaccine; herd immunity ID VIRUS VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; LIVE; CHILDREN; TRIVALENT; SCHOOLCHILDREN; ILLNESS; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDHOOD; COMMUNITY AB OBJECTIVE. School-based influenza vaccination programs are a potentially important method of protecting the community against influenza. We evaluated the feasibility and success of a large, school-based influenza vaccination campaign. METHODS. On-site administration of intranasally administered, live attenuated influenza vaccine was offered to all students and staff members in a large, metropolitan public school system in October to December 2005. We evaluated vaccine coverage levels, resources expended, and physician and parent attitudes and knowledge. RESULTS. Of 53 420 public school students, 24 198 were vaccinated with live attenuated influenza vaccine. Of 5841 school staff members, 3626 were vaccinated with live attenuated influenza vaccine or inactivated influenza vaccine. The proportions of students vaccinated were 56% among elementary schools, 45% among middle schools, and 30% among high schools. Schools with larger proportions of black or low-income families had lower vaccine coverage levels. The health department and school system expended 6900 person-hours during the campaign, and various health department clinics were closed for a total of 84 half-days. Community physicians were supportive of the campaign and frequently advised participation for eligible patients. Some physicians had misunderstandings about live attenuated influenza vaccine contraindications. Concern about adverse effects, having asthma, negative physician advice, and nonparticipation in any vaccination program were common reasons for students not participating. CONCLUSIONS. This influenza vaccination campaign in a large public school system achieved relatively high vaccine coverage levels but required a substantial resource commitment from the local health department. This evaluation has critical implications for the ongoing debate regarding immunization policies for school-aged children and preparedness plans for pandemic influenza. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Commicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Knox Cty Hlth Dept, Knoxville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN USA. RP Carpenter, LR (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Commicable & Environm Dis Serv, 4th Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. EM l.rand.carpenter@state.tn.us NR 29 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2007 VL 120 IS 1 BP E172 EP E178 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2603 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 185OC UT WOS:000247719300075 PM 17591766 ER PT J AU Yu, O Bohlke, K Hanson, CA Delaney, K Rees, TG Zavitkovsky, A Ray, P Mullooly, J Black, SB Benson, P Thompson, WW Davis, RL Jackson, LA AF Yu, Onchee Bohlke, Kari Hanson, Christi A. Delaney, Kristin Rees, Thomas G. Zavitkovsky, Ann Ray, Paula Mullooly, John Black, Steven B. Benson, Patti Thompson, William W. Davis, Robert L. Jackson, Lisa A. TI Hepatitis B vaccine and risk of autoimmune thyroid disease: a Vaccine Safety Datalink study SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B vaccine; autoimmune thyroid disease; Graves' disease; Hashimoto's thyroiditis; Vaccine Safety Datalink ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Purpose Hepatitis B vaccine has been postulated as a possible cause of autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD). Cases of Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, following hepatitis B vaccine have been reported to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS). To test the hypothesis that hepatitis B vaccine increases the risk of ATD, we conducted a case-control study, within the Vaccine Safety Datalink project. Methods We identified potential cases of Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, among persons aged 18-69 years from administrative data recorded by three health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and verified cases by medical record review. Controls were frequency-matched to cases by birth year, sex, and study site. Vaccine information was collected from administrative records, chart review, and telephone interviews with study subjects. We enrolled 355 Graves' disease cases, 418 Hashimoto's thyroiditis cases, and 1102 controls. We assessed the association between ever-receipt of hepatitis B vaccine, as well as receipt of hepatitis B vaccine less than 1 year, 1-5 years and at least 5 years prior to the index date, and the risk of ATD. Results Ever-receipt of hepatitis B vaccine was not associated with risk of Graves' disease (odds ratio (OR), 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.62-1.32) or Hashimoto's thyroiditis (OR, 1.23; 95%CI, 0.87-1.73). There was also no association between the time interval since receipt of hepatitis B vaccination and either outcome. Conclusions We did not observe an increased risk of Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, following receipt of hepatitis B vaccine. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Oakland, CA USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Yu, O (reprint author), Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM yu.o@ghc.org NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 7 BP 736 EP 745 DI 10.1002/pds.1354 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 197KH UT WOS:000248553400003 PM 17192842 ER PT J AU Jackson, ML Nelson, JC Chen, RT Davis, RL Jackson, LA AF Jackson, Michael L. Nelson, Jennifer C. Chen, Robert T. Davis, Robert L. Jackson, Lisa A. CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Investigat TI Vaccines and changes in coagulation parameters in adults on chronic warfarin therapy: a cohort study SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; vaccine safety; warfarin; anticoagulation; epidemiology ID INFLUENZA VACCINE; TETANUS TOXOIDS; ANTICOAGULATION; IMMUNIZATION; THEOPHYLLINE; DIPHTHERIA; METABOLISM; SAFETY AB Purpose Warfarin is commonly used among patients who receive influenza, pneumococcal, and tetanus and diphtheria toxoid vaccines, and persons on warfarin therapy may also receive Hepatitis A vaccine. There has been concern that vaccinations could potentially alter coagulation parameters in patients on warfarin therapy. We sought to determine whether vaccinations are associated with changes in International Normalized Ratio (INR) in persons on long-term warfarin therapy. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 5167 members of Group Health, a health maintenance organization (HMO) in western Washington State, who were aged 18 years and older and who were on stable long-term warfarin therapy between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 2003. We made within-person comparisons between mean INR values in the 28 days after receipt of influenza, pneumococcal, tetanus, or hepatitis A vaccine versus mean INR values during other times. Results Receipt of influenza vaccine was not associated with a change in INR value (mean change, 0.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.01 to 0.03); similar results were observed for pneumococcal (mean change 0.01; 95%CI -0.07 to 0.09), tetanus (mean change 0.03; 95%CI -0.03 to 0.10), and hepatitis A vaccines (mean change 0.03; 95%CI -0.10 to 0.14). Conclusions Our results do not suggest that vaccinations lead to clinically significant alterations in coagulation measures among adults on chronic warfarin therapy. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jackson, ML (reprint author), Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM jackson.ml@ghc.org FU PHS HHS [200-2002-00732] NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 7 BP 790 EP 796 DI 10.1002/pds.1386 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 197KH UT WOS:000248553400009 PM 17286320 ER PT J AU Probst, C Schulthess, F Lewis, L Cotty, PJ AF Probst, C. Schulthess, F. Lewis, L. Cotty, P. J. TI Aspergillus section flavi communities associated with Kenyan maize SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 97 IS 7 SU S BP S94 EP S94 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 181XP UT WOS:000247470000580 ER PT J AU Tauxe, RV AF Tauxe, R. V. TI Foodborne outbreaks related to fresh produce: The public health challenge of detection and response. SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enteric Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacter & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 97 IS 7 SU S BP S139 EP S139 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 181XP UT WOS:000247470001256 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Kilmarx, PH Peterman, TA Taylor, AW Nakashima, AK Kamb, ML Warner, L Mastro, TD AF Sullivan, Patrick S. Kilmarx, Peter H. Peterman, Thomas A. Taylor, Allan W. Nakashima, Allyn K. Kamb, Mary L. Warner, Lee Mastro, Timothy D. TI Male circumcision for prevention of HIV transmission: What the new data mean for HIV prevention in the United States SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; NEONATAL CIRCUMCISION; TARGET-CELLS; RISK; MEN; INFECTION; SEX; TRIAL; PREVALENCE; HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pss0@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587; Kilmarx, Peter/0000-0001-6464-3345 NR 41 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 7 BP 1162 EP 1166 AR e223 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040223 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 195IQ UT WOS:000248406300008 PM 17676944 ER PT J AU Killeen, GF Smith, TA Ferguson, HM Mshinda, H Abdulla, S Lengeler, C Kachur, SP AF Killeen, Gerry F. Smith, Tom A. Ferguson, Heather M. Mshinda, Hassan Abdulla, Salim Lengeler, Christian Kachur, Steven P. TI Preventing childhood malaria in Africa by protecting adults from mosquitoes with insecticide-treated nets SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; ENTOMOLOGIC INOCULATION RATE; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; EXPERIMENTAL HUT TRIALS; BED NETS; VECTORIAL CAPACITY; WESTERN KENYA; BURKINA-FASO; IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; RURAL TANZANIA AB Background Malaria prevention in Africa merits particular attention as the world strives toward a better life for the poorest. Insecticide- treated nets (ITNs) represent a practical means to prevent malaria in Africa, so scaling up coverage to at least 80% of young children and pregnant women by 2010 is integral to the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Targeting individual protection to vulnerable groups is an accepted priority, but community- level impacts of broader population coverage are largely ignored even though they may be just as important. We therefore estimated coverage thresholds for entire populations at which individual- and community-level protection are equivalent, representing rational targets for ITN coverage beyond vulnerable groups. Methods and Findings Using field-parameterized malaria transmission models, we show that high (80% use) but exclusively targeted coverage of young children and pregnant women (representing < 20% of the population) will deliver limited protection and equity for these vulnerable groups. In contrast, relatively modest coverage (35%-65% use, with this threshold depending on ecological scenario and net quality) of all adults and children, rather than just vulnerable groups, can achieve equitable community- wide benefits equivalent to or greater than personal protection. Conclusions Coverage of entire populations will be required to accomplish large reductions of the malaria burden in Africa. While coverage of vulnerable groups should still be prioritized, the equitable and communal benefits of wide-scale ITN use by older children and adults should be explicitly promoted and evaluated by national malaria control programmes. ITN use by the majority of entire populations could protect all children in such communities, even those not actually covered by achieving existing personal protection targets of the MDG, Roll Back Malaria Partnership, or the US President's Malaria Initiative. C1 Ifakara, Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Morogoro, Tanzania. Univ Durham, Dept Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham, England. Swiss Trop Inst, Dept Publ Hlth & Epidemiol, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Div Infect & Immun, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Glasgow, Div Environm & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Killeen, GF (reprint author), Ifakara, Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Morogoro, Tanzania. EM gkilleen@ihrdc.or.tz RI Smith, Thomas/B-5569-2015; OI Smith, Thomas/0000-0002-3650-9381; Ferguson, Heather/0000-0002-9625-5176 FU Wellcome Trust [076806] NR 105 TC 159 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 7 BP 1246 EP 1258 AR e229 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040229 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 195IQ UT WOS:000248406300017 PM 17608562 ER PT J AU Kempe, A Daley, MF Crane, LA Barrow, J Chandrarnouli, V Beaty, BL Allred, NJ Bennan, S AF Kempe, Allison Daley, Matthew F. Crane, Lori A. Barrow, Jennifer Chandrarnouli, Vijayalaxmi Beaty, Brenda L. Allred, Norma J. Bennan, Stephen TI Misperceptions regarding influenza vaccine safety for individuals with chronic medical illness SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; influenza vaccine; vaccine safety; immunization delivery ID PHYSICIAN PRACTICES; IMMUNIZATION; ATTITUDES; CHILDREN AB Background. Influenza immunization is recommended for adults ! 50 years, healthy children 6-59 months and individuals with a chronic medical condition. Objectives. To compare respondents' perceptions of safety of immunization for children and adults both with and without chronic medical conditions. Methods. We surveyed parents of 828 randomly selected healthy children aged 6-21 months of age from 5 pediatric practices in Denver, Colorado between August and October of 2003. Results. The survey response rate was 57% (n=472). Although 65% of parents thought influenza immunization was safe for healthy I year olds, only 40% considered it safe for I year olds with a chronic condition. Similarly, 86% judged it safe in healthy 70 year olds versus 50% in 70 year olds with a chronic condition. Conclusions. Educational efforts to encourage influenza immunization in individuals with chronic illnesses should highlight the message that a chronic medical condition is an indication for immunization and does not confer additional risk of complications from vaccination. Further research is needed to confirm and better understand the observed perception of vulnerability to adverse events of vaccines in those with chronic illness. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kempe, A (reprint author), 1056 E 19th Ave,B032, Denver, CO 80218 USA. EM kempe.allison@tchden.org FU PHS HHS [MM-0752-04/04] NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 80 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.12.001 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 196GH UT WOS:000248469200017 PM 17234263 ER PT J AU Fiore, AE Wortley, PM Bridges, CB AF Fiore, Anthony E. Wortley, Pascale M. Bridges, Carolyn B. TI Missed opportunities for the prevention of influenza SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RACIAL/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES; ADULT IMMUNIZATION; UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION; DISPARITIES; SYSTEM; RATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fiore, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-20, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afiore@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 88 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.05.003 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 196GH UT WOS:000248469200019 PM 17559917 ER PT J AU Stanwyck, C Davila, J Wake, L Koshak, M AF Stanwyck, Carol Davila, Jill Wake, Lane Koshak, Marianne TI Assessment of kindergarten immunization rates in Colorado: School self-reports vs. health department audits, 2004-2005 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB In 2005, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment audited a sample of kindergarten school records to determine vaccination coverage at school entry. In addition to the audit, the traditional method of collecting immunization data by self-reports from schools continued through that school year. The results of the two surveys were compared. The audit results indicated that 76.3% (n=1,776; 95% confidence interval 73.2, 79.4) of Colorado's kindergarteners received all required vaccines. In contrast, the series coverage estimated from school self-reports for the same time frame was 89.4% (n=46,559). Self-reports by school staff in Colorado appear to overestimate the immunization status of children entering kindergarten. Because more than three-quarters of U.S. states use some form of school self-report to assess immunization status, this finding has significant implications for most state health departments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Immunizat Program, Denver, CO USA. RP Stanwyck, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cea9@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 122 IS 4 BP 461 EP 465 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 178LW UT WOS:000247223200008 PM 17639648 ER PT J AU Watson, B Civen, R Reynolds, M Heath, K Perella, D Carbajal, T Mascola, L Jumaan, A Zimmerman, L James, A Quashi, C Schmid, S AF Watson, Barbara Civen, Rachel Reynolds, Meredith Heath, Karl Perella, Dana Carbajal, Tina Mascola, Lauren Jumaan, Aisha Zimmerman, Laura James, Abike Quashi, Carlene Schmid, Scott TI Validity of self-reported varicella disease history in pregnant women attending prenatal clinics SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ZOSTER-VIRUS; CHICKENPOX; VACCINE AB Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of self-reported history for varicella disease relative to serological evidence of varicella immunity in pregnant women attending antenatal care at clinics located in two diverse geographical locations in the U.S. (Antelope Valley, California, and Philadelphia) with high varicella vaccination coverage. Methods. Pregnant women attending prenatal care appointments who needed blood drawn as part of their routine care were eligible to participate. Self-reported varicella disease history was obtained via questionnaire. Varicella serostatus was determined using a whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to test for varicella zoster virus-specific immunoglobulin G (VZV IgG) antibodies. Results. Of the 309 study participants from Antelope Valley and the 528 participants from Philadelphia who self-reported having had chickenpox disease, 308 (99.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 98.2, 100) and 517 (97.9%; 95% CI: 96.3, 99.0), respectively, had serological evidence of immunity to varicella. Only 6.8% (95% CI: 3.9, 11.0) and 17.4% (95% CI: 13.1, 22.5) of women who self-reported having a negative or uncertain varicella disease history in Antelope Valley and Philadelphia, respectively, were seronegative for varicella antibodies. Conclusion. Despite the dramatic changes in the epidemiology of varicella that have occurred since 1995 due to the introduction and subsequent widespread use of the varicella vaccine, self-reported history of varicella continues to be a strong predictor of VZV IgG antibodies in pregnant women. Negative or uncertain history remains poorly predictive of negative serostatus. C1 Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Albert Einstein Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. RP Watson, B (reprint author), Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, 500 S Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. EM barbara.watson@phila.gov NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 122 IS 4 BP 499 EP 506 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 178LW UT WOS:000247223200013 PM 17639653 ER PT J AU Kenneson, A Cannon, MJ AF Kenneson, Aileen Cannon, Michael J. TI Review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID RECURRENT MATERNAL INFECTION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; NEWBORN-INFANTS; VIRUS INFECTION; PRETERM INFANTS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; RISK-FACTORS; HEARING-LOSS; DISEASE AB We reviewed studies that reported results of systematic cytomegalovirus (CNN) screening on fetuses and/or liveborn infants. The overall birth prevalence of congenital CNN infection was 0.64%, but varied considerably among different study populations. About 11% of live-born infants with congenital CMV infection were symptomatic, but the inter-study differences in definitions of symptomatic cases limit the interpretation of these data. Non-white race, low socioeconomic status (SES), premature birth, and neonatal intensive care unit admittance were risk factors for congenital CMV infection. Birth prevalence increased with maternal CMV seroprevalence. Maternal seroprevalence accounted for 29% of the variance in birth prevalence between study populations. Maternal seroprevalence and birth prevalence were both higher in study populations that were ascertained at birth rather than in the prenatal period. Thus, timing of ascertainment should be considered when interpreting birth prevalence estimates. Birth prevalence was inversely correlated with mean maternal age, but this relationship was not significant when controlling for maternal seroprevalence. The rate of transmission to infants born to mothers who had a primary infection or a recurrent infection during pregnancy was 32% and 1.4%, respectively. Possible maternal primary infections (i.e. seropositive mother with CMV IgM) resulted in congenital infections about 20% of the time, but are likely to represent a mixture of primary and recurrent infections. In summary, CMV is a common congenital infection worldwide that can lead to permanent disabilities. There is an urgent need for interventions that can reduce the substantial burden of this often overlooked disease. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cannon, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcannon@cdc.gov RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 90 TC 448 Z9 483 U1 10 U2 57 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-9276 J9 REV MED VIROL JI Rev. Med. Virol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 253 EP 276 DI 10.1002/rmv.535 PG 24 WC Virology SC Virology GA 191UU UT WOS:000248158300004 PM 17579921 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Chi, KH Alexander, S Martin, IMC Liu, H Ison, CA Ballard, RC AF Chen, Cheng-Yen Chi, Kai-Hua Alexander, Sarah Martin, Iona M. C. Liu, Hsi Ison, Cathy A. Ballard, Ronald C. TI The molecular diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum: Evaluation of a real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction test using rectal and urethral specimens SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS SEROVARS; PROCTITIS; EUROPE; MEN AB Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of a real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) assay to differentiate between trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) biovars of Chlamydia trachomatis and to validate its performance with the conventional genotyping method. Study: Swab specimens from 115 patients with anorectal symptoms or syndromes associated with LGV were tested by a real-time M-PCR assay and the results compared with the PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the major outer membrane protein gene (omp1). Results: A high agreement of 96.5% (111 of 115 specimens) was found between the real-time M-PCR testing and the standard genotyping method for the detection of C. trachomatis DNA (kappa value, 0.945, P <0.00001). Both methods identified 53 LGV, 32 non-LGV C. trachomatis, and 26 negative specimens. Conclusions: The real-time M-PCR assay simultaneously detects and differentiates LGV from non-LGV strains using swab specimens. This assay offers a relatively rapid and sensitive alternative for the diagnosis of LGV infection and is a useful tool for screening and for outbreak investigations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Protect Agcy Ctr, Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Lab, London, England. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, G-39,1600 Cliffton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyc1@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 BP 451 EP 455 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000245957.02939.ea PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 182SJ UT WOS:000247524000005 PM 17075436 ER PT J AU Samoff, E Koumans, EH Katkowsky, S Shouse, RL Markowitz, LE AF Samoff, Erika Koumans, Emilia H. Katkowsky, Steven Shouse, R. Luke Markowitz, Lauri E. CA Fulton County Dis Invest Working TI Contact-tracing outcomes among male syphilis patients in Fulton County, Georgia, 2003 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PARTNER NOTIFICATION; MEN; SEX AB Objectives: Contact tracing may be less effective in populations with casual sex partners such as male syphilis patients who report sex with men; this opinion is widely held, but few quantitative comparisons are available. Goal: The goal of this study was to compare contact-tracing outcomes among male syphilis patients reporting sex with men (MSM) or with women only (MSWO). Study Design: The authors conducted a record review of cases of early syphilis among MSM and MSWO comparing contact-tracing outcomes. Results: Interviews of MSM case-patients resulted in higher mean numbers of contacts named and located per case than interviews of MSWO. Mean numbers of contacts of MSM and MSWO diagnosed with syphilis per case were not significantly different. The mean number of unlocatable sex partners per case was slightly higher for MSM than MSWO. Conclusion: This study comparing contact tracing by the same trained health department personnel demonstrated that outcomes of contact tracing were similar for MSM and MSWO. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STDs & TB, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fulton Cty Dist Hlth Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Hlth & Wellness, Atlanta, GA USA. HIV STD Epidemiol Branch, Div Publ Hlth, Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Samoff, E (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Bldg P, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM erika.samoff@gmail.com NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 BP 456 EP 460 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000251203.34805.28 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 182SJ UT WOS:000247524000006 PM 17220811 ER PT J AU Xu, F Markowitz, LE Sternberg, MR Aral, SO AF Xu, Fujie Markowitz, Lauri E. Sternberg, Maya R. Aral, Sevgi O. TI Prevalence of circumcision and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in men in the United States: The national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES), 1999-2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; HIV-INFECTION; NEONATAL CIRCUMCISION; RISK; SAMPLE; COHORT AB Objectives: To study the prevalence of circumcision in the United States and to examine the association between circumcision and herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) infection. Methods: As part of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999 to 2004, 6174 men were interviewed about circumcision status and sexual behaviors, and were tested for HSV-2 antibodies. Medical artwork was used to aid the reporting of circumcision status. Results: The overall prevalence of circumcision was 79% and varied by race/ethnicity (88% in non-Hispanic whites, 73% in non-Hispanic blacks, 42% in Mexican Americans, and 50% in others). For men born in the United States from 1940 through 1979, the prevalence of circumcision increased, with larger increases in non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic whites; the prevalence of circumcision decreased significantly in those born in the 1980s (84%) compared to those born in 1970s (91%) (P <0.001). Circumcision status was not associated with sexual behaviors we assessed. In multivariate analyses, circumcision was not associated with HSV-2 infection (P = 0.47). Conclusions: The prevalence of circumcision apparently peaked in those born in the 1970s and declined in those born in the 1980s. Circumcision was not associated with HSV-2 infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Xu, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fax1@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 BP 479 EP 484 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000253335.41841.04 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 182SJ UT WOS:000247524000011 PM 17413536 ER PT J AU Blandford, JM Gift, TL Vasaikar, S Mwesigwa-Kayongo, D Dlali, P Bronzan, RN AF Blandford, John M. Gift, Thomas L. Vasaikar, Sandeep Mwesigwa-Kayongo, Dan Dlali, Pumla Bronzan, Rachel N. TI Cost-effectiveness of on-site antenatal screening to prevent congenital syphilis in rural eastern cape province, republic of south Africa SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; MATERNAL SYPHILIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; INTERVENTION; INFECTIONS; GONORRHEA; TANZANIA AB Objectives: On-site screening and same-day treatment of maternal syphilis in underresourced settings can avert greater numbers of congenital syphilis cases, but health outcomes and associated costs must be evaluated jointly. Methods: We used decision analysis to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of two on-site antenatal syphilis screening strategies to avert congenital infections-qualitative RPR (on-site RPR) and treponemal immunochromatographic strip assay (on-site ICS)-compared to the current practice (off-site RPR/TPHA). Findings: With antenatal active syphilis prevalence of 6.3%, the incremental cost-effectiveness of on-site ICS in averting congenital infections was estimated to be USD104, averting 82% of cases expected in absence of a program. The incremental cost-effectiveness of off-site RPR/TPHA was USD82 but would avert only 55% of congenital syphilis eases. On-site RPR was dominated by the other screening strategies. Conclusions: In settings of high maternal syphilis prevalence, onsite antenatal screening with ICS is a cost-effective approach to reduce the incidence of congenital syphilis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UNITRA, Umtata, Eastern Cape Pr, South Africa. RP Blandford, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jblandford@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 BP S61 EP S66 DI 10.1097/olq.0000258314.20752.5f PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 183IR UT WOS:000247567000011 PM 17308502 ER PT J AU Bronzan, RN Mwesigwa-Kayongo, DC Narkunas, D Schmid, GP Neilsen, GA Ballard, RC Karlihije, P Ddamba, J Nombekela, E Hoyi, G Dlali, P Makinedin, N Fehler, HG Blandford, JM Ryan, C AF Bronzan, Rachel N. Mwesigwa-Kayongo, Dan C. Narkunas, Diane Schmid, George P. Neilsen, Graham A. Ballard, Ronald C. Karlihije, Pascale Ddamba, James Nombekela, Eric Hoyi, Gideon Dlali, Pumla Makinedin, Nomalanga Fehler, H. Glenda Blandford, John M. Ryan, Caroline TI Onsite rapid antenatal syphilis screening with an immunochromatographic Strip improves case detection and trip treatment in rural south African clinics SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; MATERNAL SYPHILIS; PLASMA REAGIN; FIELD CONDITIONS; MORTALITY; INTERVENTION; MOZAMBIQUE; TANZANIA; IMPACT AB Objectives: Congenital syphilis is a significant cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In South Africa, rural clinics perform antenatal screening offsite, but unreliable transport and poor client follow up impede effective treatment. We compared 3 syphilis screening strategies at rural clinics: onsite rapid plasma reagin (RPR), onsite treponemal immunochromatographic strip (ICS) test, and the standard practice offsite RPR with Treponeina pallidum hemagglutination assay (RPR/TPHA). Methods: Eight rural clinics performed the onsite RPR and ICS tests and provided immediate treatment. Results were compared with RPR/TPHA at a reference laboratory. Chart reviews at 8 standard practice clinics established diagnosis and treatment rates for offsite RPR/TPHA. Findings: Seventy-nine (6.3%) of 1,250 women screened onsite had active syphilis according to the reference laboratory. The onsite ICS resulted in the highest percentage of pregnant women correctly diagnosed and treated for syphilis (89.4% ICS, 63.9% onsite RPR, 60.8% offsite RPR/TPHA). ne onsite RPR had low sensitivity (71.4% for high-titer syphilis). The offsite approach suffered from poor client return rates. One percent of women screened with the ICS may have received penicillin unnecessarily. There were no adverse treatiment outcomes. Conclusions: The onsite ICS test can reduce syphilis-related adverse outcomes of pregnancy through accurate diagnosis and immediate treatment of pregnant women with syphilis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. UNITRA, Umtata, Eastern Cape Pr, South Africa. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Witwatersrand, Reference Ctr STDs, Natl Inst Infect Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Bronzan, RN (reprint author), Flat 1 Cap Martin,The Serpentine, Liverpool L23 6TD, Merseyside, England. EM RBronzan@msn.com NR 23 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 SU S BP S55 EP S60 DI 10.1097/olq.0000245987.78067.0c PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 183IR UT WOS:000247567000010 PM 17139234 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Fenton, KA Holmes, KK AF Aral, Sevgi O. Fenton, Kevin A. Holmes, King K. TI Sexually transmitted diseases in the USA: temporal trends SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; SAN-FRANCISCO; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; RACIAL/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES; MIXING PATTERNS; HIV-INFECTION; YOUNG-ADULTS; PREVALENCE; SYPHILIS AB This paper reviews the temporal trends in sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and discusses the factors affecting the epidemiology of bacterial STDs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SAral@cdc.gov NR 64 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 83 IS 4 AR 257 DI 10.1136/sti.2007.026245 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 195SY UT WOS:000248433200004 PM 17664359 ER PT J AU Hughes, G Williams, T Simms, I Mercer, C Fenton, K Cassell, J AF Hughes, Gwenda Williams, Tim Simms, Ian Mercer, Catherine Fenton, Kevin Cassell, Jackie TI Use of primary care database to determine trends in genital chlamydia testing, diagnostic episodes and management in UK general practice, 1990-2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; GENITOURINARY MEDICINE CLINICS; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; ENGLAND; WOMEN AB Objective: To determine the extent of testing, diagnostic episodes and management of genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection in UK primary care using a large primary care database. Methods: The incidence of CT tests, diagnostic episodes, treatments and referrals was measured for all adult patients in the General Practice Research Database between 1990 and 2004. Results: Rates of CT testing in those aged 12-64 years in 2004 increased to 1439/100 000 patient years (py) in women but only 74/100 000 py in men. Testing rates were highest among 20-24-year-old women of (5.5% tested in 2004), followed by 25-34-year-old women (3.7% tested in 2004). 0.5% of registered 16-24year-old women were diagnosed as having CT infection in 2004. Three-quarters of patients with a recorded for diagnosis of CT had had an appropriate prescription issued in 2004, a proportion that increased from 1990 along with a decrease in referrals to genitourinary medicine. In 2004, general practitioners treated 25.0% of all recorded diagnoses of CT in women and 5.1 % of those in men. Conclusions: Testing for and diagnostic episodes of CT in primary care have increased since 1990. Testing continues disproportionately to target women aged > 24 years. Extremely low rates of testing in men, together with high positivity, demonstrate a missed opportunity for diagnosis of CT and contact tracing in general practice. C1 Hlth Protect Agcy Ctr Infect, Dept HIV & STIs, London NW9 5EQ, England. Gen Practice Res Database Med & Healthcare Prod R, London, England. UCL, Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV Res, London, England. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Brighton & Sussex Med Sch, Brighton, E Sussex, England. RP Hughes, G (reprint author), Hlth Protect Agcy Ctr Infect, Dept HIV & STIs, London NW9 5EQ, England. EM gwenda.hughes@hpa.org.uk RI Research Datalink, Clinical Practice/H-2477-2013; Research Datalink RT, Clinical Practice/I-7852-2013; CPRD, CPRD/B-9594-2017; OI Hughes, Gwenda/0000-0003-2090-7702 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 83 IS 4 AR 310 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.022673 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 195SY UT WOS:000248433200013 PM 17360731 ER PT J AU Qureshi, AI Suri, MFK Abu Nasar, Kirmani, JF Ezzeddine, MA Divani, AA Giles, WH AF Qureshi, Adnan I. Suri, M. Fareed K. Abu Nasar Kirmani, Jawad F. Ezzeddine, Mustapha A. Divani, Afshin A. Giles, Wayne H. TI Changes in cost and outcome among US patients with stroke hospitalized in 1990 to 1991 and those hospitalized in 2000 to 2001 SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE hospital charges; intracerebral hemorrhage; mortality; nationwide inpatient sample; stroke; subarachnoid hemorrhage ID ISCHEMIC-STROKE; UNITED-STATES; CARE AB Background and Purpose - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of new treatments by examining the changes between 1990 to 1991 and 2000 to 2001 in in-hospital mortality rates and hospital charges in adult patients with stroke. Methods - From the Nationwide Inpatient Survey, the largest all-payer inpatient care database in the United States, patients with stroke admitted in 1990 to 1991 or 2000 to 2001 were studied. We analyzed hospital charges (adjusted for inflation based on the Consumer Price Index of the Bureau of Labor Statistics) and patient outcomes by type of institution: rural, urban nonteaching, and urban teaching in 1990 to 1991 and in 2000 to 2001. Results - In 1990 to 1991, there were 1 736 352 admissions for cerebrovascular diseases, and in 2000 to 2001, there were 1 958 018 admissions. The number of admissions in urban teaching hospitals increased by 13%, 19%, and 25%, for ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, respectively. The overall in-hospital mortality rate relatively declined by 36% for ischemic stroke, by 6% for intracerebral hemorrhages, and by 10% for subarachnoid hemorrhage. The mean hospital charges increased from $ 10 500 to $ 16 200 for patients with ischemic stroke, from $ 18 300 to $ 28 800 for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, and from $ 37 400 to $ 65 900 for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mortality rates among patients admitted after ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage were all lower in urban teaching hospitals than in rural and urban nonteaching hospitals and the mean charges per admission were all higher. Conclusions - There has been an increase in the inflation-adjusted hospital charges for all patients with stroke and a reduction in mortality rates for all stroke subtypes probably related to an increase in the proportion of patients with stroke admitted to urban teaching hospitals. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Neurol & Neurosci, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Qureshi, AI (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Neurol, Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Res Ctr, 12-100 PWB,516 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM aiqureshi@hotmail.com NR 13 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38 IS 7 BP 2180 EP 2184 DI 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.467506 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 182OG UT WOS:000247513300046 PM 17525400 ER PT J AU He, XQ Lin, GX Chen, MG Zhang, JX Ma, Q AF He, Xiaoqing Lin, Gary X. Chen, Michael G. Zhang, Jennifer X. Ma, Qiang TI Protection against chromium (VI)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by Nrf2. Recruiting Nrf2 into the nucleus and disrupting the nuclear Nrf2/Keap1 association SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE chromium; Nrf2; gene induction; antioxidant response; chromatin immunoprecipitation; ubiquitin ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2; CUL3-BASED E3 LIGASE; NAD(P)H-QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE; ENZYME INDUCERS; ANTIOXIDANT; KEAP1; MICE; EXPRESSION; ADAPTER; PROTEIN AB Chromium (Cr) (VI) is a major environmental toxic metal and a human carcinogen. The molecular events mediating cellular responses to Cr(VI) are not clear at present. We show that Cr(VI) potently induced apoptosis and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse hepa1c1c7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells lacking Nrf2 exhibited elevated ROS production and apoptosis, which were markedly further increased by Cr(VI), suggesting a protective role of Nrf2 against Cr(VI) toxicity. Protection by Nrf2 correlated with induction of cytoprotective genes Ho-1 and Nqo1. Induction of the genes by Cr(VI) involved inhibition of ubiquitination of Nrf2 and accumulation of Nrf2 into the nucleus. In the nucleus, treatment with Cr(VI), but not phenolic antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone, librates Nrf2 from the Nrf2/Keap1 association and recruits Nrf2 to the antioxidant response elements (ARE) located in the enhancers of Ho-1 and Nqo1. Activation of Nrf2 by Cr(VI) was accompanied by the nuclear translocation and deubiquitination of Keap1 implicating recycling of Keap1 in Nrf2 signaling. Thus, protection against Cr(VI) toxicity involves a transcriptional signaling loop that includes activation of Nrf2 by the toxic metal, transcription of ARE-driven genes, and reduction of ROS production. C1 NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP He, XQ (reprint author), NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop 3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM qam1@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 BP 298 EP 309 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm081 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 183VZ UT WOS:000247601800028 PM 17420218 ER PT J AU Kato, K Silva, MJ Wolf, C Gray, LE Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Kato, Kayoko Silva, Manori J. Wolf, Cynthia Gray, L. Earl Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Urinary metabolites of diisodecyl phthalate in rats SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phthalates; biomonitoring; exposure; diisodecyl phthalate; oxidative metabolism; secondary metabolites; DiDP ID DI-ISONONYL PHTHALATE; JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION MODEL; HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP; N-OCTYL PHTHALATE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; OXIDATIVE METABOLITES; ISODECYL PHTHALATE; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION AB Diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP) is an isomeric mixture of phthalates with predominantly 10-carbon branched-dialkyl chains, widely used as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride. The extent of human exposure to LIMP is unknown in part because adequate biomarkers of exposure to DiDP are not available. We identified several major metabolites of DiDP in urine of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats after a single oral administration of DiDP (300 mg/kg). These metabolites can potentially be used as biomarkers of exposure to DiDp. The metabolites extracted from urine were chromatographically resolved and identified by their chromatographic behavior and full scan negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrum. The identity of metabolites with similar molecular weights was further examined in accurate mass mode. For some metabolites, unequivocal identification was done using authentic standards. Among these were the hydrolytic monoester of DiDP, monoisoclecyl phthalate (NIMP), detected as a minor metabolite, and one W oxidation product of MiDP, mono(carboxy-isononyl) phthalate (MCNP), which was the most abundant urinary metabolite. We also tentatively identified other secondary metabolites of MiDP, mono(hydroxy-isodecyl) phthalate, mono(oxo-isodecyl) phthalate, mono(carboxy-isoheptyl) phthalate, mono(carboxy-isohexyl) phthalate, mono(carboxy-isopentyl) phthalate, mono(carboxy-isobutyl) phthalate, and mono(carboxy-ethyl) phthalate. Oxidative metabolites of diisoundecyl phthalate (DiUdP) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) were also detected suggesting the presence of DiUdP and DiNP in the DiDP formulation. The urinary concentrations of all these metabolites gradually decreased in the 4 days following the administration of DiDR MCiNP and other DiDl? secondary metabolites are more abundant in urine than MiDP, suggesting that these oxidative products are better biomarkers for DiDP exposure assessment than MiDP. Additional research on the toxicokinetics of these metabolites is needed to understand the extent of human exposure to DiDP from the urinary concentrations of MCiNP and other DiDP secondary metabolites. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Durham, NC 27705 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ACalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 236 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.04.009 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 180IB UT WOS:000247355200012 PM 17499416 ER PT J AU Roney, N Osier, M Paikoff, SJ Smith, CV Williams, M De Rosa, CT AF Roney, Nickolette Osier, Mark Paikoff, Sari J. Smith, Cassandra V. Williams, Malcolm De Rosa, Christopher T. TI ATSDR evaluation of potential for human exposure to zinc SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE environmental fate; public health; toxicological profile; zinc ID TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; DRY DEPOSITION FLUXES; HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; EAST-ST-LOUIS AB As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of portions of the toxicological profile for zinc. The primary purpose of this article is to provide interested individuals with environmental information on zinc that includes production data, environmental fate, potential for human exposure, analytical methods and a listing of regulations and advisories. C1 [Roney, Nickolette; Smith, Cassandra V.; Williams, Malcolm; De Rosa, Christopher T.] US Dept HHS, ATSDR, DTEM, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Osier, Mark; Paikoff, Sari J.] Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Roney, N (reprint author), US Dept HHS, ATSDR, DTEM, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop F32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nroney@cdc.gov NR 302 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5-6 BP 247 EP 308 DI 10.1177/0748233707083761 PG 62 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 263PQ UT WOS:000253229400002 PM 18386523 ER PT J AU Keith, LS Wohlers, DW Moffett, DB Rosemond, ZA AF Keith, L. Samuel Wohlers, David W. Moffett, Daphne B. Rosemond, Zemoria A. TI ATSDR evaluation of potential for human exposure to tungsten SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE environmental fate; public health; toxicological profile; tungsten ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL SPECIATION; EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; SWEDISH ADOLESCENTS; SIZE FRACTIONATION; HEAVY-METALS; SAMPLES AB As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, National Priorities List sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of portions of the Toxicological Profile for Tungsten. The primary purpose of this article is to provide interested individuals with environmental information on tungsten that includes production data, environmental fate, potential for human exposure, analytical methods and a listing of regulations and advisories. C1 [Keith, L. Samuel; Moffett, Daphne B.; Rosemond, Zemoria A.] US Dept HHS, ATSDR, DTEM, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wohlers, David W.] Syracuse Res Corp, N Syracuse, NY USA. RP Keith, LS (reprint author), US Dept HHS, ATSDR, DTEM, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop F32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skeith@cdc.gov NR 107 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5-6 BP 309 EP 345 DI 10.1177/0748233707081906 PG 37 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 263PQ UT WOS:000253229400003 PM 18386524 ER PT J AU Keith, LS Moffett, DB Rosemond, ZA Wohlers, DW AF Keith, L. Samuel Moffett, Daphne B. Rosemond, Zemoria A. Wohlers, David W. TI ATSDR evaluation of health effects of tungsten and relevance to public health SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE tungsten; hard metal; developmental; reproductive; neurological; tumor; cancer pulmonary fibrosis; carbide; guidance value; mechanisms; toxicokinetics ID HARD-METAL WORKERS; PLASMA EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; INTERSTITIAL LUNG-DISEASE; SINGLE-CELL GEL; SODIUM TUNGSTATE; IN-VITRO; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MINERAL PARTICLES; MALIGNANT TUMOURS; CALCIUM TUNGSTATE AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry prepares toxicological profiles, as part of its mandate, on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act National Priorities List sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of portions of the Toxicological Profile for tungsten. The primary purpose of this article is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective on the toxicology of tungsten. It contains descriptions and evaluations of toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance of toxicity and toxicokinetic data to public health. C1 [Keith, L. Samuel; Moffett, Daphne B.; Rosemond, Zemoria A.] US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wohlers, David W.] Syracuse Res Corp, N Syracuse, NY USA. RP Keith, LS (reprint author), US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 153 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5-6 BP 347 EP 387 DI 10.1177/0748233707076767 PG 41 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 263PQ UT WOS:000253229400004 PM 18386525 ER PT J AU Jennings, GJ Hajjeh, RA Girgis, FY Fadeel, MA Maksoud, MA Wasfy, MO El Sayed, N Srikantiah, P Luby, SP Earhart, K Mahoney, FJ AF Jennings, Gregory J. Hajjeh, Rana A. Girgis, Fouad Y. Fadeel, Moustafa A. Maksoud, Mohamed A. Wasfy, Momtaz O. El Sayed, Nasr Srikantiah, Padmini Luby, Stephen P. Earhart, Kenneth Mahoney, Francis J. TI Brucellosis as a cause of acute febrile illness in Egypt SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE brucellosis; Brucella melitensis; Brucella abortus; surveillance; incidence; Egypt ID CATTLE; MELITENSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESPONSES; SHEEP; RB51; PCR AB To develop better estimates of brucellosis incidence, we conducted population-based surveillance for acute febrile illness (AFI) in Fayoum governorate (population 2 347 249), Egypt during two summer periods (2002 and 2003). All hospitals and a representative sample of community heatthcare providers were included. AFI patients without obvious etiology were tested for brucellosis by culture and serology. Incidence estimates were calculated adjusting for sampling methodology and study period. Of 4490 AFI patients enrolled, 321 (7%) met the brucellosis case definition. The estimated annual. incidence of brucellosis per 100 000 population was 64 and 70 in 2002 and 2003, respectively. The median age of brucellosis patients was 26 years and 70% were male; 53% were initially, diagnosed as typhoid fever. Close contact with animals and consumption of unpasteurized milk products were associated with brucellosis. The high incidence of brucellosis in Fayoum highlights its public health importance, and the need to implement prevention strategies in humans and animals. (C) 2007 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Egypt Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Cairo, Egypt. RP Mahoney, FJ (reprint author), NAMRU 3, PSC 452,Box 5000,Code 304, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM mahoneyf@emro.who.int RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 101 IS 7 BP 707 EP 713 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.02.027 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 184TR UT WOS:000247665700015 PM 17442354 ER PT J AU Rao, PL Strausbaugh, LJ Liedtke, LA Srinivasan, A Kuehnert, MJ AF Rao, Preethi L. Strausbaugh, Larry J. Liedtke, Laura A. Srinivasan, Arjun Kuehnert, Matthew J. CA Infect Dis Soc Amer Emerging Infect Network TI Bacterial infections associated with blood transfusion: experience and perspective of infectious diseases consultants SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED PLATELETS; DONOR PLATELETS AB BACKGROUND: On March 1, 2004, the AABB adopted a new standard that requires member blood banks and transfusion services to implement measures to limit and detect bacterial contamination in all platelet (PLT) components. The AABB has since developed several guidelines to assist blood transfusion services and blood banks in this area, some of which are relevant to clinical practice. Knowledge and experience among clinicians (including infectious disease consultants, who can play an important role in managing patients with sepsis) concerning risk of bacterial infections associated with transfusion, however, are unknown. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Experience concerning management and prevention of transfusion-associated bacterial infection, including knowledge of the AABB standard requiring bacterial screening of PLTs, was assessed through an Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network (IDSA/EIN) survey. RESULTS: Overall, 405 (47%) EIN members responded to the survey; of those responding, 12 percent of respondents had encountered transfusion reactions potentially due to bacterial contamination in the prior 10 years, 36 percent were aware of the transmission risk of bacteria through blood transfusion, and 20 percent were aware of the new AABB standard for bacterial screening of PLTs. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding by EIN infectious disease consultants of the significance of transfusion-associated bacterial infection and associated AABB standards and guidelines may indicate lack of other clinicians' awareness on these issues. Improving awareness of the risk of bacterial contamination of PLTs appears warranted to improve clinical management of infected blood donors or recipients, particularly when follow-up for transfusion of a culture-positive PLT unit is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healtcare Qual Promot, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Hosp & Specialty Med, Res Serv, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkuehnert@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU112346] NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1206 EP 1211 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01269.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 184YG UT WOS:000247677900015 PM 17581155 ER PT J AU Srikantiah, P Vafokulov, S Luby, SP Ishmail, T Earhart, K Khodjaev, N Jennings, G Crump, JA Mahoney, FJ AF Srikantiah, Padmini Vafokulov, Sagdullo Luby, Stephen P. Ishmail, Tharwat Earhart, Kenneth Khodjaev, Ne'mat Jennings, Gregory Crump, John A. Mahoney, Frank J. TI Epidemiology and risk factors for endemic typhoid fever in Uzbekistan SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE typhoid fever; salmonella; uzbekistan; drug resistance; endemic ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE TYPHI; ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANCE; PARATYPHOID FEVER; SALMONELLA-TYPHI; UNITED-STATES; MEKONG-DELTA; VIET-NAM; INFECTION; INDONESIA; WATER AB Background To investigate the risk factors for infection with endemic typhoid fever in the Samarkand region of Uzbekistan. Methods Case-control study of culture-confirmed bloodstream infection with Salmonella Typhi. Patients were compared to age-matched community controls. Salmonella Typhi isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Results We enrolled 97 patients and 192 controls. The median age of patients was 19 years. In a conditional regression model, consumption of unboiled surface water outside the home [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-8.2], use of antimicrobials in the 2 weeks preceding onset of symptoms (aOR = 12.2, 95% CI 4.0-37.0), and being a student (aOR = 4.0, 95% CI 1.4-11.3) were independently associated with typhoid fever. Routinely washing vegetables (aOR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02-0.2) and dining at a tea-house (aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-1.0) were associated with protection against illness. Salmonella Typhi resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was identified in 6 (15%) of 41 isolates tested. Conclusions Endemic typhoid fever in Uzbekistan is transmitted by contaminated water. Recent use of antimicrobials also increased risk of infection. Targeted efforts at improving drinking water quality, especially for students and young adults, are likely to decrease transmission of typhoid fever. Measures to decrease the unnecessary use of antimicrobials would be expected to reduce the risk of typhoid fever and decrease the spread of multiple drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Bransh, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Samarkand Oblast Infect Dis Hosp, Samarkand, Uzbekistan. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Dis Surveillance Program, Cairo, Egypt. Samarkand Oblast Sanitary & Epidemiol Sect, Samarkand, Uzbekistan. RP Srikantiah, P (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div HIV AIDS, Bldg 80,Ward 84,995 Potrero Ave,Box 0874, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM psrikantiah@php.ucsf.edu NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUL PY 2007 VL 12 IS 7 BP 838 EP 847 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01853.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 183GZ UT WOS:000247562000006 PM 17596250 ER PT J AU Adu, F Iber, J Bukbuk, D Gumede, N Yang, SJ Jorba, J Campagnoli, R Sule, WF Yang, CF Burns, C Pallansch, M Harry, T Kew, O AF Adu, Festus Iber, Jane Bukbuk, David Gumede, Nicksy Yang, Su-Ju Jorba, Jaume Campagnoli, Ray Sule, Waidi Folorunso Yang, Chen-Fu Burns, Cara Pallansch, Mark Harry, Tekena Kew, Olen TI Isolation of recombinant type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) from a Nigerian child SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vaccine-derived poliovirus; VDPV; oral poliovaccine; Nigeria ID IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; DEOXYINOSINE RESIDUES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; CODON DEGENERACY; DNA-SEQUENCES; CODING REGION; MIXED-BASE AB A type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV), differing from Sabin 2 at 2.5% (22/903) of VP1 nucleotide (m) positions, was isolated from an incompletely immunized 21-month-old Nigerian child who developed acute flaccid paralysis in 2002. Sequences upstream of nt position 620 (within the 5'-untranslated region [5'-UTR]) and downstream of nt position 5840 (in the 3C(pro) region) were derived from species C enteroviruses unrelated to the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) strains. The two substitutions associated with the attenuated phenotype had either recombined out (A(481) -> G in the 5'-UTR) or reverted (Ile(143) -> Thr in VP1). The VDPV isolate had lost the temperature sensitive phenotype of Sabin 2 and it was antigenically distinct from the parental OPV strain, having amino acid substitutions in or near neutralizing antigenic sites 1 and 3. The date of the initiating OPV dose. calculated from the number of synonymous substitutions in the capsid region, was estimated to be similar to 16 to 18 months before onset of paralysis, a finding inconsistent with the most recent mass OPV campaign (conducted 12 days before onset of paralysis) a's being the source of infection. Although no related type 2 VDPVs were detected in Nigeria or elsewhere, the VDPV was found in an area where conditions favor VDPV emergence and spread. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ibadan, UCH, Coll Med, Dept Virol,Natl Poliovirus Lab, Ibadan, Nigeria. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Maidugari, Dept Immunol, Natl Poliovirus Lab, Maiduguri, Nigeria. WHO, Reg Reference Unit Polio, Natl Inst Commun Dis, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Adu, F (reprint author), Univ Ibadan, UCH, Coll Med, Dept Virol,Natl Poliovirus Lab, Ibadan, Nigeria. EM akitikori@yahoo.com OI Bukbuk, David Nadeba/0000-0003-3388-3842 NR 64 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.009 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 179PA UT WOS:000247300900003 PM 17449127 ER PT J AU Khavjou, OA Clarke, J Hofeldt, RM Lihs, P Loo, RK Prabhu, M Schmidt, N Stockmyer, CK Will, JC AF Khavjou, Olga A. Clarke, Jacy Hofeldt, Roberta M. Lihs, Patty Loo, Ryan K. Prabhu, Malavika Schmidt, Norma Stockmyer, Chrisandra K. Will, Julie C. TI Bringing the WISEWOMAN Program to South Dakota prisoners SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HEALTH-CARE; CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; WOMEN; INMATES; POLICY AB Purpose. This analysis compares the baseline heart disease risk profile of WISEWOMAN participants screened in the South Dakota Women's Prison with the general WISEWOMAN population in South Dakota and explores the potential benefits of lifestyle intervention. programs to reduce heart disease risk factors among women during incarceration. Methods. Using baseline data for WISEWOMAN participants in South Dakota, we compared participants who were enrolled in prison (n = 261) with nonincarcerated participants enrolled throughout the state (n = 1,427). Using regression analysis and adjusting for demographics, we assessed differences in baseline prevalence of risk factors (hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking, and obesity), awareness and treatment of hypertension and high cholesterol, and attendance at lifestyle intervention sessions. Results. Incarcerated participants had significantly lower (p <.01) total cholesterol (183 mg/dL) than nonincarcerated participants (199 mg/dL). However, a significantly higher (p <.03) percentage of incarcerated women (85%) than nonincarcerated women (54%) with high cholesterol were unaware of their condition. Despite the smoke-free status of the prison, 24% of incarcerated participants reported smoking. Attendance at lifestyle intervention sessions was significantly higher among incarcerated participants than among nonincarcerated participants with intervention take-up rates of 53% among incarcerated versus 23% among nonincarcerated women (p <.01) and intervention completion rates of 43% and 4% (p <.01). Conclusions. The results illustrate the need for screening and education programs in prisons. WISEWOMAN screenings helped identify undiagnosed cases of abnormal blood pressure and cholesterol, and educational interventions provided women with opportunities to improve their health. Such programs may also improve discharge planning and linkages between released women and community health providers. C1 RTI Int, Publ Hlth Econ, Washington, DC 20005 USA. S Dakota Dept Hlth, Pierre, SD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Khavjou, OA (reprint author), RTI Int, Publ Hlth Econ, 701 13th St,NW,Suite 750, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM okhavjou@rti.org FU PHS HHS [200-97-0621] NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.008 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 190YV UT WOS:000248097700004 PM 17572105 ER PT J AU Valentin-Blasini, L Blount, BC Delinsky, A AF Valentin-Blasini, Liza Blount, Benjamin C. Delinsky, Amy TI Quantification of iodide and sodium-iodide symporter inhibitors in human urine using ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual International Ion Chromatography Symposium CY SEP 24-27, 2006 CL Pittsburg, PA DE nitrate; perchlorate; thiocyanate urine; IC; MS ID NITRIC-OXIDE METABOLITES; PERCHLORATE EXPOSURE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; NITRATE; THIOCYANATE; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; SMOKING; LETTUCE; WATER AB We developed a sensitive and selective method for quantifying nitrate, thiocyanate, perchlorate and iodide in human urine using ion chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Analysis of proficiency testing materials and spiked urine indicates that the method is precise (coefficients of variation < 5%) and accurate (relative percent differences < 7.9%). Analytical response was linear across the physiologically relevant concentration range for the analytes, and adequately sensitive to quantify the analytes in > 99% of urine samples tested. Measurement of these four toxicologically-related analytes in one assay will provide useful information for assessing potential linkage between exposure and health effects. (c) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Valentin-Blasini, L (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, CDC,4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LValentin@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 29 PY 2007 VL 1155 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.04.014 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 184LW UT WOS:000247644100007 PM 17466997 ER PT J AU Alwan, S Reefhuis, J Rasmussen, SA Olney, RS Friedman, JM AF Alwan, Sura Reefhuis, Jennita Rasmussen, Sonja A. Olney, Richard S. Friedman, Jan M. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and the risk of birth defects SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL OBESITY; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; 1ST-TRIMESTER EXPOSURE; CARDIAC-MALFORMATIONS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; FLUOXETINE; MORPHOGENESIS; ASSOCIATION; PREVENTION; DRUGS AB BACKGROUND: Information regarding the safety of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in human pregnancy is sparse. Concern has been raised about the risk of congenital heart defects associated with the use of SSRIs in pregnancy. METHODS: We obtained data on 9622 case infants with major birth defects and 4092 control infants born from 1997 through 2002 from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Case infants were ascertained through birth-defects surveillance systems in eight U.S. states; controls were selected randomly from the same geographic areas. Mothers completed a standardized telephone interview regarding exposure to potential risk factors, including medications, before and during pregnancy. Exposure to SSRIs was defined as treatment with any SSRI from 1 month before to 3 months after conception. Birth defects were assigned to 26 categories and subcategories. RESULTS: There were no significant associations between maternal use of SSRIs overall during early pregnancy and congenital heart defects or most other categories or subcategories of birth defects. Maternal SSRI use was associated with anencephaly (214 infants, 9 exposed; adjusted odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 5.1), craniosynostosis (432 infants, 24 exposed; adjusted odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5 to 4.0), and omphalocele (181 infants, 11 exposed; adjusted odds ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 5.7). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal use of SSRIs during early pregnancy was not associated with significantly increased risks of congenital heart defects or of most other categories of birth defects. Associations were observed between SSRI use and three types of birth defects, but the absolute risks were small, and these observations require confirmation by other studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Reefhuis, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JReefhuis@cdc.gov RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 34 TC 263 Z9 269 U1 2 U2 28 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 356 IS 26 BP 2684 EP 2692 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa066584 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 183HS UT WOS:000247564500005 PM 17596602 ER PT J AU Straetemans, M Katz, LM Belson, M AF Straetemans, Masja Katz, Linda M. Belson, Martin TI Adverse reactions after permanent-makeup procedures SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. US FDA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Straetemans, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM straetemansm@rki.de NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 356 IS 26 BP 2753 EP 2753 DI 10.1056/NEJMc063122 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 183HS UT WOS:000247564500034 PM 17596617 ER PT J AU El-Sayed, N Al-Jorf, S Hennessey, KA Salama, M Watkins, MA Abdelwahab, JA Pallansch, MA Gary, H Wahdan, MH Sutter, RW AF El-Sayed, Nasr Al-Jorf, Samir Hennessey, Karen A. Salama, Maha Watkins, Margaret A. Abdelwahab, Jalaa A. Pallansch, Mark A. Gary, Howard Wahdan, Mohamed Helmy Sutter, Roland W. TI Survey of poliovirus antibodies during the final stage of polio eradication in Egypt SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccine; poliomyelitis; serosurvey ID VACCINE; POLIOMYELITIS; EFFICACY; DIARRHEA AB Background: Egypt provides ideal conditions for poliovirus (PV) transmission (high population density, high contact rates and low sanitation and hygiene in some areas). Despite excellent program performance, wild poliovirus type 1 (PV1) continue to circulate in 2004. To investigate potential causes for the persistence, we conducted a serological study. Methods: Seroprevalence surveys were conducted in "polio-endemic" regions (Greater Cairo and Upper Egypt) and in one control region (Lower Egypt) in December 2004. Sera collected from infants aged 6-11 months were tested for antibodies to poliovirus by neutralization assay. Results: A total of 973 subjects were tested. Seroprevalence to PV type 1 (PV1), PV type 2 (PV2) and PV type 3 (PV3) was 99, 99 and 91 respectively. Significant variation in PV3 seroprevalence was found (range: 76-100%). Region, density, maternal education, socioeconomic status (SES), stunting and diarrhea were significant risk factors for lower seroprevalence in the univariate analysis. Conclusions: Our study suggested that uniformly high immunity levels (> 96%) were required to interrupt PV1 transmission in the last remaining reservoirs (last PV1 was isolated in mid-January 2005 in Egypt). It further suggests substantial regional differences in OPV immunogenicity, with rural areas and low SES achieving the lowest seroprevalence to PV3. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 WHO Headquarters, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. WHO, EMRO, Cairo, Egypt. CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. VACSERA, Cairo, Egypt. WHO, Cairo, Egypt. MOHP, Cairo, Egypt. RP Sutter, RW (reprint author), WHO Headquarters, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM sutterr@who.int NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 27 BP 5062 EP 5070 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.022 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 188MM UT WOS:000247924000012 PM 17543428 ER PT J AU Molinari, NAM Ortega-Sanchez, IR Messonnier, ML Thompson, WW Wortley, PM Weintraub, E Bridges, CB AF Molinari, Noelle-Angelique M. Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R. Messonnier, Mark L. Thompson, William W. Wortley, Pascale M. Weintraub, Eric Bridges, Carolyn B. TI The annual impact of seasonal influenza in the US: Measuring disease burden and costs SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; disease burden; health-care cost; productivity losses ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; VACCINATION; EFFICACY; HOSPITALIZATIONS; ADULTS; VACCINES; HEALTH AB Background: Despite preventive efforts, influenza epidemics are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality every year in the United States (US). Vaccination strategies to reduce disease burden have been implemented. However, no previous studies have systematically estimated the annual economic burden of influenza epidemics, an estimate necessary to guide policy makers effectively. Objective: We estimate age- and risk-specific disease burden, and medical and indirect costs attributable to annual influenza epidemics in the United States. Methods: Using a probabilistic model and publicly available epidemiological data we estimated the number of influenza-attributable cases leading to outpatient visits, hospitalization, and mortality, as well as time lost from work absenteeism or premature death. With data from health insurance claims and projections of either earnings or statistical life values, we then estimated healthcare resource utilization associated with influenza cases as were their medical and productivity (indirect) costs in $2003. Results: Based on 2003 US population, we estimated that annual influenza epidemics resulted in an average of 610,660 life-years lost (undiscounted), 3.1 million hospitalized days, and 31.4 million outpatient visits. Direct medical costs averaged $10.4 billion (95% confidence interval [C.I.], $4.1, $22.2) annually. Projected lost earnings due to illness and loss of life amounted to $16.3 billion (C.I., $8.7, $31.0) annually. The total economic burden of annual influenza epidemics using projected statistical life values amounted to $87.1 billion (C.I., $47.2, $149.5). Conclusions: These results highlight the enormous annual burden of influenza in the US. While hospitalization costs are important contributors, lost productivity from missed work days and lost lives comprise the bulk of the economic burden of influenza. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Molinari, NAM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM NMolinari@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 624 Z9 643 U1 7 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 27 BP 5086 EP 5096 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.03.046 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 188MM UT WOS:000247924000014 PM 17544181 ER PT J AU Enanoria, WTA Hubbard, AE van der Laan, MJ Chen, M Ruiz, J Colford, JM AF Enanoria, Wayne T. A. Hubbard, Alan E. van der Laan, Mark J. Chen, Mi Ruiz, Juan Colford, John M., Jr. TI Early prediction of median survival among a large AIDS surveillance cohort SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID REPORTING DELAYS; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIC; DEATH AB Background: For individuals with AIDS, data exist relatively soon after diagnosis to allow estimation of "early" survival quantiles (e. g., the 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.30 quantiles, etc.). Many years of additional observation must elapse before median survival, a summary measure of survival, can be estimated accurately. In this study, a new approach to predict AIDS median survival is presented and its accuracy tested using AIDS surveillance data. Methods: The data consisted of 96,373 individuals who were reported to the HIV/AIDS Reporting System of the California Department of Health Services Office of AIDS as of December 31, 1996. We defined cohorts based on quarter year of diagnosis (e. g., the " 931" cohort consists of individuals diagnosed with AIDS in the first quarter of 1993). We used early quantiles (estimated using the Inverse Probability of Censoring Weighted estimator) of the survival distribution to estimate median survival by assuming a linear relationship between the earlier quantiles and median survival. From this model, median survival was predicted for cohorts for which a median could not be estimated empirically from the available data. This prediction was compared with the actual medians observed when using updated survival data reported at least five years later. Results: Using the 0.15 quantile as the predictor and the data available as of December 31, 1996, we were able to predict the median survival of four cohorts (933, 934, 941, and 942) to be 34, 34, 31, and 29 months. Without this approach, there were insufficient data with which to make any estimate of median survival. The actual median survival of these four cohorts (using data as of December 31, 2001) was found to be 32, 40, 46, and 80 months, suggesting that the accuracy for this approach requires a minimum of three years to elapse from diagnosis to the time an accurate prediction can be made. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that early and accurate prediction of median survival time after AIDS diagnosis may be possible using early quantiles of the survival distribution. The methodology did not seem to work well during a period of significant change in survival as observed with highly active antiretroviral treatment, but results suggest that it may work well in a time of more gradual improvement in survival. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Off AIDS, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Colford, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM enanoria@berkeley.edu; hubbard@stat.berkeley.edu; laan@stat.berkeley.edu; Bli0@cdc.gov; JRuiz1@dhs.ca.gov; jcolford@berkeley.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUN 27 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 127 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-7-127 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 191WR UT WOS:000248163200002 PM 17597532 ER PT J AU Brim, SN Rudd, RA Funk, RH Callahan, DB Euler, GL AF Brim, S. N. Rudd, R. A. Funk, R. H. Callahan, D. B. Euler, G. L. TI Influenza vaccination coverage among children with asthma - United States, 2004-05 influenza season (Reprinted by MMWR, vol 56, pg 193-196, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brim, SN (reprint author), CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 27 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 24 BP 2687 EP 2689 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 182UE UT WOS:000247528700009 ER PT J AU Denny, CH Greenlund, KJ Ayala, C Keenan, NL Croft, JB AF Denny, C. H. Greenlund, K. J. Ayala, C. Keenan, N. L. Croft, J. B. TI Prevalence of actions to control high blood pressure - 20 states, 2005 (Reprinted by MMWR, vol 56, pg 420-423, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID TRIAL C1 CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Denny, CH (reprint author), CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 27 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 24 BP 2689 EP 2690 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 182UE UT WOS:000247528700010 ER PT J AU Dabelea, D Bell, RA D'Agostino, RB Imperatore, G Johansen, JM Linder, B Liu, LL Loots, B Marcovina, S Mayer-Davis, EJ Pettitt, DJ Waitzfelder, B AF Dabelea, Dana Bell, Ronny A. D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr. Imperatore, Giuseppina Johansen, Judith M. Linder, Barbara Liu, Lenna L. Loots, Beth Marcovina, Santica Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J. Pettitt, David J. Waitzfelder, Beth CA Writing Grp SEARCH Diabet Youth St TI Incidence of diabetes in youth in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ACID DECARBOXYLASE GAD65; ALLEGHENY-COUNTY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; MELLITUS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; TYPE-2; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIC; TRENDS AB Context Data on the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among US youth according to racial/ethnic background and DM type are limited. Objective To estimate DM incidence in youth aged younger than 20 years according to race/ethnicity and DM type. Design, Setting, and Participants A multiethnic, population-based study (The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study) of 2435 youth with newly diagnosed, nonsecondary DM in 2002 and 2003, ascertained at 10 study locations in the United States, covering a population of more than 10 million person-years. Main Outcome Measure Incidence rates by age group, sex, race/ethnicity, and DM type were calculated per 100 000 person-years at risk. Diabetes mellitus type ( type 1/type 2) was based on health care professional assignment and, in a subset, further characterized with glutamicacid decarboxylase( GAD65) autoantibody and fasting C peptide measures. Results The incidence of DM ( per 100 000 person-years) was 24.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.3-25.3). Among children younger than 10 years, most had type 1 DM, regardless of race/ethnicity. The highest rates of type 1 DM were observed in non-Hispanic white youth (18.6, 28.1, and 32.9 for age groups 0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years, respectively). Even among older youth ( >= 10 years), type 1 DM was frequent among non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, and African American adolescents. Overall, type 2 DM was still relatively infrequent, but the highest rates (17.0 to 49.4 per 100 000 person-years) were documented among 15- to 19-year-old minority groups. Conclusions Our data document the incidence rates of type 1 DM among youth of all racial/ethnic groups, with the highest rates in non-Hispanic white youth. Overall, type 2 DM is still relatively infrequent; however, the highest rates were observed among adolescent minority populations. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. NIDDK, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Sansum Diabet Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Dabelea, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4200 E 9th Ave,Box C245, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM dana.dabelea@uchsc.edu RI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/C-4060-2017 OI Dagostino Jr, Ralph/0000-0002-3550-8395 NR 46 TC 464 Z9 471 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 27 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 24 BP 2716 EP 2724 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 182UE UT WOS:000247528700021 ER PT J AU Haines, A Sanders, D Lehmann, U Rowe, AK Lawn, JE Jan, S Walker, DG Bhutta, Z AF Haines, Andy Sanders, David Lehmann, Uta Rowe, Alexander K. Lawn, Joy E. Jan, Steve Walker, Damian G. Bhutta, Zuipqar TI Achieving child survival goals: potential contribution of community health workers SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID MILLENNIUM-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS; INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; MEASLES VACCINATION; EQUITABLE COVERAGE; HUMAN-RESOURCES; BIRTH OUTCOMES; NEONATAL CARE; SCALING-UP AB There is renewed interest in the potential contribution of community health workers to child survival. Community health workers can undertake various tasks, including case management of childhood illnesses leg, pneumonia, malaria, and neonatal sepsis) and delivery of preventive interventions such as immunisation, promotion of healthy behaviour, and mobilisation of communities. Several trials show substantial reductions in child mortality, particularly through case management of ill children by these types of community interventions. However, community health workers are not a panacea for weak health systems and will need focussed tasks, adequate remuneration, training, supervision, and the active involvement of the communities in which they work. The introduction of large-scale programmes for community health workers requires evaluation to document the impact on child survival and cost effectiveness and to elucidate factors associated with success and sustainability. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Directors Off, London WC1E 7HT, England. Univ Western Cape, Sch Publ Hlth, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. MRC, Saving Newborn Lives Save Childrens US, Cape Town, South Africa. MRC, Hlth Syst Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Policy, London WC1E 7HT, England. George Inst Int Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan. RP Haines, A (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Directors Off, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM andy.haines@lshtm.ac.uk NR 86 TC 371 Z9 376 U1 3 U2 25 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 23 PY 2007 VL 369 IS 9579 BP 2121 EP 2131 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60325-0 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 182GM UT WOS:000247493100032 PM 17586307 ER PT J AU Chaves, SS Seward, JF AF Chaves, Sandra S. Seward, Jane F. TI Varicella vaccine - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chaves, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bev8@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 356 IS 25 BP 2649 EP 2649 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 180GN UT WOS:000247351200021 ER PT J AU Yu, W Yesupriya, A Wulf, A Qu, J Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ AF Yu, Wei Yesupriya, Ajay Wulf, Anja Qu, Junfeng Gwinn, Marta Khoury, Muin J. TI An automatic method to generate domain-specific investigator networks using PubMed abstracts SO BMC MEDICAL INFORMATICS AND DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GENOME EPIDEMIOLOGY; SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION AB Background: Collaboration among investigators has become critical to scientific research. This includes ad hoc collaboration established through personal contacts as well as formal consortia established by funding agencies. Continued growth in online resources for scientific research and communication has promoted the development of highly networked research communities. Extending these networks globally requires identifying additional investigators in a given domain, profiling their research interests, and collecting current contact information. We present a novel strategy for building investigator networks dynamically and producing detailed investigator profiles using data available in PubMed abstracts. Results: We developed a novel strategy to obtain detailed investigator information by automatically parsing the affiliation string in PubMed records. We illustrated the results by using a published literature database in human genome epidemiology (HuGE Pub Lit) as a test case. Our parsing strategy extracted country information from 92.1% of the affiliation strings in a random sample of PubMed records and in 97.0% of HuGE records, with accuracies of 94.0% and 91.0%, respectively. Institution information was parsed from 91.3% of the general PubMed records (accuracy 86.8%) and from 94.2% of HuGE PubMed records (accuracy 87.0). We demonstrated the application of our approach to dynamic creation of investigator networks by creating a prototype information system containing a large database of PubMed abstracts relevant to human genome epidemiology (HuGE Pub Lit), indexed using PubMed medical subject headings converted to Unified Medical Language System concepts. Our method was able to identify 70-90% of the investigators/collaborators in three different human genetics fields; it also successfully identified 9 of 10 genetics investigators within the PREBIC network, an existing preterm birth research network. Conclusion: We successfully created a web-based prototype capable of creating domain-specific investigator networks based on an application that accurately generates detailed investigator profiles from PubMed abstracts combined with robust standard vocabularies. This approach could be used for other biomedical fields to efficiently establish domain-specific investigator networks. C1 Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Clarion Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Informat Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM WYu@cdc.gov; AYesupriya@cdc.gov; AWulf@cdc.gov; jqu@clayton.edu; MGwinn@cdc.gov; MKhoury@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1472-6947 J9 BMC MED INFORM DECIS JI BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 17 DI 10.1186/1472-6947-7-17 PG 10 WC Medical Informatics SC Medical Informatics GA 196JT UT WOS:000248478300001 PM 17584920 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, J Schmidt, T Westcott, M Baumbach, J Lofgren, JP Gerber, S Panares, R Staggs, W Collins, L Tong, S Li, Y Tan, W Mar, E Ruone, S LaMonte-Fowlkes, A Anderson, L Reynolds, M Li, Y Trindade, G Olson, V Damon, I Fagan, R Lederman, E AF McLaughlin, J. Schmidt, T. Westcott, M. Baumbach, J. Lofgren, J. P. Gerber, S. Panares, R. Staggs, W. Collins, L. Tong, S. Li, Y. Tan, W. Mar, E. Ruone, S. LaMonte-Fowlkes, A. Anderson, L. Reynolds, M. Li, Y. Trindade, G. Olson, V. Damon, I. Fagan, R. Lederman, E. TI Vulvar vaccinia infection after sexual contact with a military smallpox vaccinee - Alaska, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 417-419, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ACCIDENTAL VACCINIA C1 New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Montgomery, AL 36130 USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Walter Reed Natl Vaccine Healthcare Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 23 BP 2579 EP 2580 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 180HB UT WOS:000247352600010 ER PT J AU ter Kuile, FO van Eijk, AM Filler, SJ AF ter Kuile, Feiko O. van Eijk, Annemieke M. Filler, Scott J. TI Effect of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance on the efficacy of intermittent preventive therapy for malaria control during pregnancy - A systematic review SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; KENYAN CHILDREN; CLINICAL-TRIALS; CHLOROQUINE; MALAWI; WOMEN; PREVALENCE AB Context In malaria-endemic regions, strategies to control malaria during pregnancy rely on case management of malaria illness and anemia, and preventive measures such as insecticide-treated nets and intermittent preventive therapy (IPT). Objective To determine the effect of increasing resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine on the efficacy of IPT during pregnancy in Africa. Data Sources and Study Selection The 6 databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, LILACS, Cochrane CENTRAL, and the trial register and bibliographic database of the Malaria in Pregnancy Library were searched for relevant studies regardless of language, published between 1966 and December 2006. The reference lists of all trials identified were searched and researchers were contacted about relevant data. Nine trials of IPT with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy in Africa were identified and matched by year and location with treatment studies of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine among symptomatic children. Data Extraction Data on the efficacy of IPT with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine on placental and peripheral malaria, birth weight, and hemoglobin level/anemia were independently abstracted by 2 investigators. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance was defined as the proportion of total treatment failures in symptomatic children by day 14. Data Synthesis Four trials compared 2-dose IPT with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine to case management or placebo in women during their first or second pregnancy. The IPT reduced placental malaria ( relative risk [RR], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.35-0.68), low birth weight ( RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55-0.92), and anemia ( RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99). The effect did not vary by sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance levels ( range, 19%-26%). Efficacy of IPT with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was lower among women using insecticide-treated nets. Three trials compared 2-dose with monthly IPT with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy. Among HIV-positive women in their first or second pregnancy, monthly IPT resulted in less placental malaria ( RR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.18-0.64) and higher birth weight ( mean difference, 112 g; 95% CI, 19-205 g) over the range of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance tested (8%-39%). Among HIV-negative women, there was no conclusive additional effect of monthly dosing ( 2 trials; 24% and 39% resistance). Conclusions In areas in which 1 of 4 treatments with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine fail in children by day 14, the 2-dose IPT with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine regimen continues to provide substantial benefit to HIV-negative semi-immune pregnant women. However, more frequent dosing is required in HIV-positive women not using cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for opportunistic infections. C1 Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP ter Kuile, FO (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. EM terkuile@liv.ac.uk NR 47 TC 179 Z9 180 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 23 BP 2603 EP 2616 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 180HB UT WOS:000247352600023 PM 17579229 ER PT J AU McNaghten, AD Wolfe, MI Onorato, I Nakashima, AK Valdiserri, RO Mokotoff, E Romaguera, RA Kroliczak, A Janssen, RS Sullivan, PS AF McNaghten, A. D. Wolfe, Mitchell I. Onorato, Ida Nakashima, Allyn K. Valdiserri, Ronald O. Mokotoff, Eve Romaguera, Raul A. Kroliczak, Alice Janssen, Robert S. Sullivan, Patrick S. TI Improving the Representativeness of Behavioral and Clinical Surveillance for Persons with HIV in the United States: The Rationale for Developing a Population-Based Approach SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB The need for a new surveillance approach to understand the clinical outcomes and behaviors of people in care for HIV evolved from the new challenges for monitoring clinical outcomes in the HAART era, the impact of the epidemic on an increasing number of areas in the US, and the need for representative data to describe the epidemic and related resource utilization and needs. The Institute of Medicine recommended that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Heath Resources and Services Administration coordinate efforts to survey a random sample of HIV-infected persons in care, in order to more accurately measure the need for prevention and care services. The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) was created to meet these needs. This manuscript describes the evolution and design of MMP, a new nationally representative clinical outcomes and behavioral surveillance system, and describes how MMP data will be used locally and nationally to identify care and treatment utilization needs, and to plan for prevention interventions and services. C1 [McNaghten, A. D.; Wolfe, Mitchell I.; Onorato, Ida; Nakashima, Allyn K.; Valdiserri, Ronald O.; Romaguera, Raul A.; Janssen, Robert S.; Sullivan, Patrick S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mokotoff, Eve] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Detroit, MI USA. [Kroliczak, Alice] US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP McNaghten, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aom5@cdc.gov OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 55 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 6 AR e550 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000550 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10GE UT WOS:000207451700016 PM 17579722 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Campsmith, ML Nakamura, GV Begley, EB Schulden, J Nakashima, AK AF Sullivan, Patrick S. Campsmith, Michael L. Nakamura, Glenn V. Begley, Elin B. Schulden, Jeffrey Nakashima, Allyn K. TI Patient and Regimen Characteristics Associated with Self-Reported Nonadherence to Antiretroviral Therapy SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. Nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy (ARVT) is an important behavioral determinant of the success of ARVT. Nonadherence may lead to virological failure, and increases the risk of development of drug resistance. Understanding the prevalence of nonadherence and associated factors is important to inform secondary HIV prevention efforts. Methodology/Principal Findings. We used data from a cross-sectional interview study of persons with HIV conducted in 18 U. S. states from 2000-2004. We calculated the proportion of nonadherent respondents (took <95% of prescribed doses in the past 48 hours), and the proportion of doses missed. We used multivariate logistic regression to describe factors associated with nonadherence. Nine hundred and fifty-eight (16%) of 5,887 respondents reported nonadherence. Nonadherence was significantly (p<0.05) associated with black race and Hispanic ethnicity; age <40 years; alcohol or crack use in the prior 12 months; being prescribed >= 4 medications; living in a shelter or on the street; and feeling "blue" >= 14 of the past 30 days. We found weaker associations with having both male-male sex and injection drug use risks for HIV acquisition; being prescribed ARVT for >= 21 months; and being prescribed a protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimen not boosted with ritonavir. The median proportion of doses missed was 50%. The most common reasons for missing doses were forgetting and side effects. Conclusions/Significance. Self-reported recent nonadherence was high in our study. Our data support increased emphasis on adherence in clinical settings, and additional research on how providers and patients can overcome barriers to adherence. C1 [Sullivan, Patrick S.; Campsmith, Michael L.; Nakamura, Glenn V.; Begley, Elin B.; Schulden, Jeffrey; Nakashima, Allyn K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pss0@cdc.gov OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Funding support for data collection was provided to the project sites by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. No external funding was used to support the analysis of these data. NR 60 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 6 AR e552 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000552 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10GE UT WOS:000207451700017 PM 17579723 ER PT J AU Bihl, F Mosam, A Henry, LN Chisholm, JV Dollard, S Gumbi, P Cassol, E Page, T Mueller, N Kiepiela, P Martin, JN Coovadia, HA Scadden, DT Brander, C AF Bihl, Florian Mosam, Anisa Henry, Leah N. Chisholm, John V., III Dollard, Sheila Gumbi, Pamela Cassol, Edana Page, Taryn Mueller, Nicolas Kiepiela, Photini Martin, Jeff N. Coovadia, Hoosen A. Scadden, David T. Brander, Christian TI Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-specific immune reconstitution and antiviral effect of combined HAART/chemotherapy in HIV clade C-infected individuals with Kaposi's sarcoma SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE chemotherapy; cytotoxic T lymphocytes; Kaposi's sarcoma; Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus; viral immune control; viral load ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8 DNA; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; TYPE-1 INFECTION; HLA-B; AIDS; RESPONSES; VIREMIA AB Background: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is endemic in South Africa and the clinical manifestation of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) represents a significant clinical problem. Whereas the positive effects of HAART on the regression of KS have been well established, less is known about the role of herpesvirus-specific cellular immunity in disease improvement. Design: Thirty-three treatment-naive HIV clade C-infected individuals with KS were randomly assigned into two treatment arms (HAART plus systemic chemotherapy versus HAART alone). KSHV-specific cellular immune responses, viral loads and clinical outcome were evaluated. Methods: KSHV, Epstein-Barr virus and HIV-specific cellular immunity was measured using an IFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assay in samples obtained at baseline and up to 11 months after treatment initiation. Cell-associated KSHV viremia was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Robust increases in CD4 cell counts and suppressed HIV viral loads were seen in parallel with significant increases in the KSHV-specific cellular immune responses over time. Although slowly increasing after 5 months, KSHV-specific T-cell responses were significantly elevated only after I I months, with both lytic and latent antigens being more frequently targeted. A trend towards better clinical outcome with HAART plus chemotherapy treatment was observed compared with HAART alone, and was accompanied by a significant reduction in cellular KSHV viral load in the HAART plus chemotherapy-treated subjects but not those treated with HAART alone after 11 months of treatment. Conclusion: The data show a temporal association between the clinical improvement of KS and the re-appearance of KSHV-specific cellular immunity, and demonstrate an effective suppression of KSHV viral replication using combination therapy.(C)V 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Canc Ctr,Ctr Regenerat Med & Technol, Boston, MA USA. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Dept Dermatol, Durban, South Africa. Univ KwaZulu Natal, HIV Pathogenesis Program, Doris Duke Med Res Inst, Durban, South Africa. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Dept Virol, Durban, South Africa. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Fac Hlth Sci, Nelson R Mandela Sch Med, Ctr HIV AIDS Res, Durban, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ist Sci San Raffaele, AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit DIBIT, I-20132 Milan, Italy. Univ Zurich Hosp, Div Infect Dis & Hosp Epidemiol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Pretoria, HIV1 Immune Pathogenesis & Therapeut Res Program, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Harvard Univ, Stem Cell Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Brander, C (reprint author), Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Bldg 149,13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. EM cbrander@partners.org RI Infektiologie, USZ/A-6921-2011; Mueller, Nicolas/B-6864-2013 OI Mueller, Nicolas/0000-0002-1059-3191 NR 38 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 19 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1245 EP 1252 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328182df03 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 183EZ UT WOS:000247556800003 PM 17545700 ER PT J AU van Griensven, F AF van Griensven, Frits TI Men who have sex with men and their HIV epidemics in Africa SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material DE AIDS; Africa; men who have sex with men; enumeration; HIV prevention C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Thaland Minist Publ Hlth US Ctr Dis Control & Pre, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis Sexually Transmitted Dis &, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van Griensven, F (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Thaland Minist Publ Hlth US Ctr Dis Control & Pre, DDC7 Bldg, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM fav1@cdc.gov RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 8 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 19 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1361 EP 1362 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328017f868 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 183EZ UT WOS:000247556800017 PM 17545714 ER PT J AU Farr, SL Schieve, LA Jamieson, DJ AF Farr, Sherry L. Schieve, Laura A. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Pregnancy loss among pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive technology, United States, 1999-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abortion, spontaneous; fetal death; maternal age; reproductive techniques; assisted; stillbirth ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; FETAL LOSS; INFERTILITY PATIENTS; ULTRASOUND AB Approximately 30% of pregnancies in the United States may end in miscarriage or stillbirth. Whether pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive technology (ART) are at an increased risk of loss is inconclusive, and data on maternal age-, ART type-, and gestational age-specific risk of loss are limited. Data on 148,494 ART pregnancies conceived from 1999 through 2002 were analyzed by use of the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate risks of pregnancy loss after specified gestational ages (conditional risk) for 14 groups stratified by maternal age and ART procedure. Births, maternal deaths, and induced abortions were censored. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of total risk of pregnancy loss was 29% but ranged from 22% to 63% depending on patient age and ART procedure. By 6 weeks' gestation, 58% of all pregnancy losses occurred. Conditional risk of pregnancy loss ranged from 10% to 45% at 6 weeks' gestation and from 2% to 7% at the first trimester; it was less than 2% after 20 weeks' gestation. Results can be used to counsel ART patients and inform future research on the etiology of pregnancy loss. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Farr, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SFarr@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 12 BP 1380 EP 1388 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm035 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 178SP UT WOS:000247240700007 PM 17351291 ER PT J AU Engel, SM Berkowitz, GS Barr, DB Teitelbaum, SL Siskind, J Meisel, SJ Wetmur, JG Wolff, MS AF Engel, Stephanie M. Berkowitz, Gertrud S. Barr, Dana B. Teitelbaum, Susan L. Siskind, Jodi Meisel, Stefanie J. Wetmur, James G. Wolff, Mary S. TI Prenatal organophosphate metabolite and organochlorine levels and performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale in a multiethnic pregnancy cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neonatal screening; pesticides; polychlorinated biphenyls; pregnancy; prenatal exposure delayed effects; reflex, abnormal ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; CHLORPYRIFOS EXPOSURE; NEWBORN BEHAVIOR; FETAL-GROWTH; HUMAN URINE; QUANTIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; SYSTEM AB Prenatal exposures to organophosphate pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls have been associated with abnormal neonatal behavior and/or primitive reflexes. In 1998-2002, the Mount Sinai Children's Environmental Health Center (New York City) investigated the effects of indoor pesticide use and exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on pregnancy outcome and child neurodevelopment in an inner-city multiethnic cohort. The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale was administered before hospital discharge (n = 311). Maternal urine samples were analyzed for six dialkylphosphate metabolites and malathion dicarboxylic acid. A random subset of maternal peripheral blood samples from the entire cohort (n = 194) was analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls and 1,1 '-dichloro-2,2 '-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene. Malathion dicarboxylic acid levels above the limit of detection were associated with a 2.24-fold increase in the number of abnormal reflexes (95% confidence interval: 1.55, 3.24). Likewise, higher levels of total diethylphosphates and total dialkylphosphates were associated with an increase in abnormal reflexes, as was total dimethylphosphates after paraoxonase expression was considered. No adverse associations were found with polychlorinated biphenyl or 1, 1 '-dichloro-2,2 '-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene levels and any behavior. The authors uncovered additional evidence that prenatal levels of organophosphate pesticide metabolites are associated with anomalies in primitive reflexes, which are a critical marker of neurologic integrity. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, New York, NY USA. RP Engel, SM (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1043, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM Stephanie.Engel@mssm.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09584] NR 29 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 12 BP 1397 EP 1404 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm029 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 178SP UT WOS:000247240700009 PM 17406008 ER PT J AU Breen, N Cronin, KA Meissner, HI Taplin, SH Tangka, FK Tiro, JA McNeel, TS AF Breen, Nancy Cronin, Kathleen A. Meissner, Helen I. Taplin, Stephen H. Tangka, Florence K. Tiro, Jasmin A. McNeel, Timothy S. TI Reported drop in mammography - Is this cause for concern? SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast cancer incidence; mammography; cancer screening; National Health Interview Survey ID BREAST-CANCER AB BACKGROUND. Timely screening with mammography can prevent a substantial number of deaths from breast cancer. The objective of this brief was to ascertain whether recent use of mammography has dropped nationally. METHODS. The authors assessed the trend in mammography rates from 1987 through 2005. Then, they used the 2000 and 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) estimates to characterize trends and current patterns in mammography use. RESULTS. After robust, rapid increases in reported use of mammography by women in the U.S. since 1987, estimates from the 2005 NHIS showed a decline compared with 2000 (from 70% to 66%). Although it was small, this decline may be cause for concern, because it signals a change in direction. CONCLUSIONS. This report establishes for the nation what already has been observed in some local data. The results confirmed that the use of mammography may be falling. This change needs to be monitored carefully and also may call for intervention. C1 NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Appl Res Program, Hlth Serv & Econ Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Bethesda, MD USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Breen, N (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Appl Res Program, Hlth Serv & Econ Branch, Execut Plaza N,Room 4005,6130 Execut Blvd,MSC 734, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM breenn@mail.nih.gov OI Tiro, Jasmin/0000-0001-8300-0441 NR 19 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2405 EP 2409 DI 10.1002/cncr.22723 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 176VR UT WOS:000247113500003 PM 17503429 ER PT J AU Wilson, ME Weld, LH Boggild, A Keystone, JS Kain, KC von Sonnenburg, F Schwartz, E AF Wilson, Mary E. Weld, Leisa H. Boggild, Andrea Keystone, Jay S. Kain, Kevin C. von Sonnenburg, Frank Schwartz, Eli CA GeoSentinel Surveillance Network TI Fever in returned travelers: Results from the GeoSentinel surveillance network SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 03-07, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID EMERGING INFECTIONS; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; ISRAELI TRAVELERS; VISITING FRIENDS; IMPORTED MALARIA; TROPICAL AREAS; DENGUE; ILLNESS; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; MONONUCLEOSIS AB Background. Fever is a marker of potentially serious illness in returned travelers. Information about causes of fever, organized by geographic area and traveler characteristics, can facilitate timely, appropriate treatment and preventive measures. Methods. Using a large, multicenter database, we assessed how frequently fever is cited as a chief reason for seeking medical care among ill returned travelers. We defined the causes of fever by place of exposure and traveler characteristics. Results. Of 24,920 returned travelers seen at a GeoSentinel clinic from March 1997 through March 2006, 6957 (28%) cited fever as a chief reason for seeking care. Of patients with fever, 26% were hospitalized (compared with 3% who did not have fever); 35% had a febrile systemic illness, 15% had a febrile diarrheal disease, and 14% had fever and a respiratory illness. Malaria was the most common specific etiologic diagnosis, found in 21% of ill returned travelers with fever. Causes of fever varied by region visited and by time of presentation after travel. Ill travelers who returned from sub-Saharan Africa, south-central Asia, and Latin America whose reason for travel was visiting friends and relatives were more likely to experience fever than any other group. More than 17% of travelers with fever had a vaccine-preventable infection or falciparum malaria, which is preventable with chemoprophylaxis. Malaria accounted for 33% of the 12 deaths among febrile travelers. Conclusions. Fever is common in ill returned travelers and often results in hospitalization. The time of presentation after travel provides important clues toward establishing a diagnosis. Preventing and promptly treating malaria, providing appropriate vaccines, and identifying ways to reach travelers whose purpose for travel is visiting friends and relatives in advance of travel can reduce the burden of travel-related illness. C1 Mt Auburn Hosp, Dept Radiol, Cambridge, MA 02238 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Hlth Network, Toronto Gen Hosp, Trop Dis Unit, McLaughlin Rotman Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Munich, Dept Infect Dis & Trop Med, Munich, Germany. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Ctr Geog Med, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Wilson, ME (reprint author), 1812 Kalorama Sq NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM mary_wilson@harvard.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU412347] NR 38 TC 165 Z9 168 U1 4 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1560 EP 1568 DI 10.1096/518173 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 170JA UT WOS:000246658200007 PM 17516399 ER PT J AU Scott, P Deye, G Srinivasan, A Murray, C Moran, K Hulten, E Fishbain, J Craft, D Riddell, S Lindler, L Mancuso, J Milstrey, E Bautista, CT Patel, J Ewell, A Hamilton, T Gaddy, C Tenney, M Christopher, G Petersen, K Endy, T Petruccelli, B AF Scott, Paul Deye, Gregory Srinivasan, Arjun Murray, Clinton Moran, Kimberly Hulten, Ed Fishbain, Joel Craft, David Riddell, Scott Lindler, Luther Mancuso, James Milstrey, Eric Bautista, Christian T. Patel, Jean Ewell, Alessa Hamilton, Tacita Gaddy, Charla Tenney, Martin Christopher, George Petersen, Kyle Endy, Timothy Petruccelli, Bruno TI An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex infection in the US military health care system associated with military operations in Iraq SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXPERIENCE; FREEDOM; CONTAMINATION; INJURY; UNIT AB Background. We investigated an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex infection among US service members injured in Iraq. Methods. The investigation was conducted in Iraq and Kuwait, in the 2 military hospitals where the majority of injured service members were initially treated. After initially characterizing the outbreak, we evaluated 3 potential sources of infection for the period March 2003 to December 2004. The evaluation included screening samples that were obtained from the skin of patients for the presence of colonization and assessing the soil and health care environments for the presence of A. baumanii-calcoaceticus complex organisms. Isolates obtained from samples from patients in US Military treatment facilities, as well as environmental isolates, were genotypically characterized and compared using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results. A. baumanii-calcoaceticus complex organisms were present on the skin in only 1 (0.6%) of 160 patients who were screened and in 1 (2%) of 49 soil samples. A. baumanii-calcoaceticus complex isolates were recovered from treatment areas in 7 of the 7 field hospitals sampled. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we identified 5 cluster groups in which isolates from patients were related to environmental isolates. One cluster included hospitalized patients who had not been deployed to Iraq. Among the clinical isolates, only imipenem, polymyxin B, and colistin demonstrated reliable in vitro antimicrobial activity. Generally, the environmental isolates were more drug susceptible than were the clinical isolates. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that environmental contamination of field hospitals and infection transmission within health care facilities played a major role in this outbreak. On the basis of these findings, maintaining infection control throughout the military health care system is essential. Novel strategies may be required to prevent the transmission of pathogens in combat field hospitals. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med Europe, Landstuhl, Germany. 28th Combat Support Hosp, Baghdad, Iraq. RP Scott, P (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Retrovirol, 1 Taft Ct,Ste 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM pscott@hivresearch.org RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011; OI Hulten, Edward/0000-0001-9281-0032 NR 26 TC 192 Z9 200 U1 5 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1577 EP 1584 DI 10.1086/518170 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 170JA UT WOS:000246658200009 PM 17516401 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ AF Sejvar, James J. TI The long-term outcomes of human West Nile virus infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FLACCID PARALYSIS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; FOLLOW-UP; ENCEPHALITIS; FEVER; MANIFESTATIONS; EPIDEMIC; COLORADO; ISRAEL AB Since its introduction to North America in 1999, human infection with West Nile virus (WNV) has resulted in considerable acute morbidity and mortality. Although the ongoing epidemic has resulted in a great increase in our understanding of the acute clinical features of human illness and helped to define associated clinical syndromes, far less is known about potential long-term clinical and functional sequelae. Several recent assessments, however, suggest that patients-even those with apparently mild cases of acute disease-frequently have subjective, somatic complaints following WNV infection. Persistent movement disorders, cognitive complaints, and functional disability may occur after West Nile neuroinvasive disease. West Nile poliomyelitis may result in limb weakness and ongoing morbidity that is likely to be long term. Although further assessment is needed, the long-term neurological and functional sequelae of WNV infection are likely to represent a considerable source of morbidity in patients long after their recovery from acute illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 100 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1617 EP 1624 DI 10.1086/518281 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 170JA UT WOS:000246658200015 PM 17516407 ER PT J AU Blackard, JT Hiasa, Y Smeaton, L Jamieson, DJ Rodriguez, I Mayer, KH Chung, RT AF Blackard, Jason T. Hiasa, Yoichi Smeaton, Laura Jamieson, Denise J. Rodriguez, Irma Mayer, Kenneth H. Chung, Raymond T. TI Compartmentalization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) during HCV/HIV coinfection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ALPHA-2A PLUS RIBAVIRIN; HYPERVARIABLE REGION 1; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; NEGATIVE-STRAND RNA; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; EXTRAHEPATIC REPLICATION; INTERFERON THERAPY; HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS AB Extrahepatic replication has important implications for the transmission and treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). We analyzed longitudinal HCV diversity in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum during HCV monoinfection and HCV/HIV coinfection to determine whether distinct amino acid signatures characterized HCV replicating within PBMCs. Analysis of E1-HVR1 sequences demonstrated higher serum genetic distances among HCV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfected persons. Moreover, consensus PBMC sequences were rarely identical to those in the corresponding serum, suggesting divergence in these 2 compartments. Three of 5 HCV/HIV-coinfected participants showed evidence of HCV compartmentalization in PBMCs. Additionally, signature sequence analysis identified PBMC-specific amino acids in all HCV/HIV coinfected persons. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify specific amino acids that may distinguish HCV variants replicating in PBMCs. It is provocative to speculate that extrahepatic HCV diversity may be an important determinant of treatment response and thus warrants additional study, particularly during HCV/HIV coinfection. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Digest Dis, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Gastrointestinal Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Biostat AIDS Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Miriam Hosp, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Gastroenterol & Metabol, Matsuyama, Ehime 790, Japan. RP Blackard, JT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Digest Dis, ML 0595, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM jason.blackard@uc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30-AI42851, P30 AI042851, P30 AI42853, P30 AI042853]; NIDA NIH HHS [R21 DA022148, R21 DA022148-02, R21 DA022148-01]; PHS HHS [U64/CCU106795] NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 12 BP 1765 EP 1773 DI 10.1086/518251 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 175BK UT WOS:000246986900007 PM 17492592 ER PT J AU Graubard, BI Flegal, KM Williamson, DF Gail, MH AF Graubard, Barry I. Flegal, Katherine M. Williamson, David F. Gail, Mitchell H. TI Estimation of attributable number of deaths and standard errors from simple and complex sampled cohorts SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE population attributable risk; influence function; survey sampling; Taylor deviate ID OBESITY; RISK AB Estimates of the attributable number of deaths (AD) from all causes can be obtained by first estimating population attributable risk (AR) adjusted for confounding covariates, and then multiplying the AR by the number of deaths determined from vital mortality statistics that occurred in the population for a specific time period. Proportional hazard regression estimates of adjusted relative hazards obtained from mortality follow-up data from a cohort is combined with a joint distribution of risk factor and confounders to compute an adjusted AR. Two estimators of adjusted AR are examined. These estimators differ according to which reference population is used to obtain the joint distribution of risk factor and confounders. Two types of reference populations were considered: (i) the population represented by the baseline cohort and (ii) a population that is external to the cohort. Methods used in survey sampling are applied to obtain estimates of the variance of the AD estimator. These variances can be applied to data that range from simple random samples to multistage stratified cluster samples, which are used in national household surveys. The variance estimation of AD is illustrated in an analysis of excess deaths due to having a non-ideal body mass index using the second National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) Mortality Study and the 1999-2002 NHANES. These methods can also be used to estimate the attributable number of cause-specific deaths and their standard errors when the time period for the accrual of deaths is short. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 NCI, Biostat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Graubard, BI (reprint author), NCI, Biostat Branch, 6120 Execut Blvd,Room 8024, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM graubarb@mail.nih.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 13 BP 2639 EP 2649 DI 10.1002/sim.2734 PG 11 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 175FL UT WOS:000246998300005 PM 17117403 ER PT J AU Del Rio, C Hall, G Hook, EW Holmes, KK Whittington, WL Judson, FN Yee, EL Harvey, AB Kramer, KP Ballard, R Workowski, KA Berman, S Weinstock, HS AF Del Rio, C. Hall, G. Hook, E. W., III Holmes, K. K. Whittington, W. L. H. Judson, F. N. Yee, E. L. Harvey, A. B. Kramer, K. P. Ballard, R. Workowski, K. A. Berman, S. Weinstock, H. S. CA CDC TI Update to CDC's Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2006: Fluoroquinolones no longer recommended for treatment of gonococcal infections (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 332-336, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Del Rio, C (reprint author), Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 22 BP 2466 EP 2468 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 177TX UT WOS:000247176500009 ER PT J AU Bidol, S Stoblerski, M Leschinsky, D Ettestad, P Smelser, C Sena-Johnson, D Jungk, J Tafoya, N Torres, P Taylor, F Keene, W Plantenga, M Progulske, B TenEyck, R Rada, R Effinger, L Lockett, J Patel, N Angulo, F Bair-Brake, H Gaffga, N AF Bidol, S. Stoblerski, M. Leschinsky, D. Ettestad, P. Smelser, C. Sena-Johnson, D. Jungk, J. Tafoya, N. Torres, P. Taylor, F. Keene, W. Plantenga, M. Progulske, B. TenEyck, R. Rada, R. Effinger, L. Lockett, J. Patel, N. Angulo, F. Bair-Brake, H. Gaffga, N. CA CDC TI Three outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with baby poultry from three hatcheries - United States, 2006 (Reprinted from MWR, vol 56, pg 273-276, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. New Mexico Dept Agr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oregon Dept Publ Hlth, Portland, OR USA. Oregon Dept Agr, Salem, OR USA. CDC, Enter Dis Lab Br, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Enter Dis Epidemiol Br, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bidol, S (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. RI Jungk, Jessica/A-9958-2015 OI Jungk, Jessica/0000-0001-7087-7623 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 22 BP 2468 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 177TX UT WOS:000247176500010 ER PT J AU Eremeeva, ME Gerns, HL Lydy, SL Goo, JS Ryan, ET Mathew, SS Ferraro, MJ Holden, JM Nicholson, WL Dasch, GA Koehler, JE AF Eremeeva, Marina E. Gerns, Helen L. Lydy, Shari L. Goo, Jeanna S. Ryan, Edward T. Mathew, Smitha S. Ferraro, Mary Jane Holden, Judith M. Nicholson, William L. Dasch, Gregory A. Koehler, Jane E. TI Bacteremia, fever, and splenomegaly caused by a newly recognized bartonella species SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; HENSELAE; GENE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROTEINS; INFECTIONS; PATHOGEN AB Bartonella species cause serious human infections globally, including bacillary angiomatosis, Oroya fever, trench fever, and endocarditis. We describe a patient who had fever and splenomegaly after traveling to Peru and also had bacteremia from an organism that resembled Bartonella bacilliformis, the causative agent of Oroya fever, which is endemic to Peru. However, genetic analyses revealed that this fastidious bacterium represented a previously uncultured and unnamed bartonella species, closely related to B. clarridgeiae and more distantly related to B. bacilliformis. We characterized this isolate, including its ability to cause fever and sustained bacteremia in a rhesus macaque. The route of infection and burden of human disease associated with this newly described pathogen are currently unknown. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Infect Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Koehler, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Infect Dis, Box 0654, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI043703, R01 AI052813, R01 AI43703, R01 AI52813] NR 27 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 4 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 356 IS 23 BP 2381 EP 2387 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa065987 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 175QY UT WOS:000247029300007 PM 17554119 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Ajani, UA Croft, JB Critchley, JA Labarthe, DR Kottke, TE Giles, WH Capewell, S AF Ford, Earl S. Ajani, Umed A. Croft, Janet B. Critchley, Julia A. Labarthe, Darwin R. Kottke, Thomas E. Giles, Wayne H. Capewell, Simon TI Explaining the decrease in US deaths from coronary disease, 1980-2000 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; RISK-FACTOR CHANGES; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; MORTALITY-RATES; DECLINE; PREVALENCE AB BACKGROUND: Mortality from coronary heart disease in the United States has decreased substantially in recent decades. We conducted a study to determine how much of this decrease could be explained by the use of medical and surgical treatments as opposed to changes in cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: We applied a previously validated statistical model, IMPACT, to data on the use and effectiveness of specific cardiac treatments and on changes in risk factors between 1980 and 2000 among U.S. adults 25 to 84 years old. The difference between the observed and expected number of deaths from coronary heart disease in 2000 was distributed among the treatments and risk factors included in the analyses. RESULTS: From 1980 through 2000, the age-adjusted death rate for coronary heart disease fell from 542.9 to 266.8 deaths per 100,000 population among men and from 263.3 to 134.4 deaths per 100,000 population among women, resulting in 341,745 fewer deaths from coronary heart disease in 2000. Approximately 47% of this decrease was attributed to treatments, including secondary preventive therapies after myocardial infarction or revascularization (11%), initial treatments for acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina (10%), treatments for heart failure (9%), revascularization for chronic angina (5%), and other therapies (12%). Approximately 44% was attributed to changes in risk factors, including reductions in total cholesterol (24%), systolic blood pressure (20%), smoking prevalence (12%), and physical inactivity (5%), although these reductions were partially offset by increases in the body-mass index and the prevalence of diabetes, which accounted for an increased number of deaths (8% and 10%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half the decline in U.S. deaths from coronary heart disease from 1980 through 2000 may be attributable to reductions in major risk factors and approximately half to evidence-based medical therapies. C1 Univ Liverpool, Div Publ Hlth, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Inst Hlth & Soc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Healthpartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Capewell, S (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Div Publ Hlth, Whelan Bldg, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England. EM capewell@liverpool.ac.uk FU Medical Research Council [G0500920] NR 54 TC 1270 Z9 1323 U1 4 U2 48 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 356 IS 23 BP 2388 EP 2398 DI 10.1056/NEJMsa053935 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 175QY UT WOS:000247029300008 PM 17554120 ER PT J AU Selby, JV Mangione, CM Gerzoff, RB AF Selby, Joe V. Mangione, Carol M. Gerzoff, Robert B. TI Improving the management of chronic disease SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID TRANSLATING RESEARCH; DIABETES TRIAD; OF-CARE; QUALITY; ASSOCIATION C1 Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Selby, JV (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM joe.selby@kp.org NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 356 IS 23 BP 2423 EP 2424 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 175QY UT WOS:000247029300022 ER PT J AU Christenson, JC Holm, BM Lechlitner, S Howell, JF Wenger, M Roy-Burman, A Hsieh, CJ Labar, L Petru, A Davis, S Simons, N Apolinario, P Furst, K Christie, LJ Schnurr, D Glaser, CA Rosenberg, J Sun, B Willoughby, RE Rupprecht, CE AF Christenson, J. C. Holm, B. M. Lechlitner, S. Howell, J. F. Wenger, Mona Roy-Burman, A. Hsieh, C. J. LaBar, L. Petru, A. Davis, S. Simons, N. Apolinario, P. Furst, K. Christie, L. J. Schnurr, D. Glaser, C. A. Rosenberg, J. Sun, B. Willoughby, R. E. Rupprecht, C. E. CA CDC TI Human rabies - Indiana and California, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 361-365, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES C1 James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Childrens Hosp & Res Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. San Joaquin Cty Publ Hlth Dept, Stockton, CA USA. Alameda Cty Publ Hlth Dept, Oakland, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enteric Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Christenson, JC (reprint author), James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 6 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 21 BP 2340 EP 2343 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 175IL UT WOS:000247007200009 ER PT J AU Van Houten, C Baker, L Weidenbach, K Bryan, K Murphy, T Mainzer, H Sarisky, J Hill, V Fitzgerald, C Luce, R AF Van Houten, C. Baker, L. Weidenbach, K. Bryan, K. Murphy, T. Mainzer, H. Sarisky, J. Hill, V. Fitzgerald, C. Luce, R. CA CDC TI Brief report: Gastroenteritis among attendees at a summer camp - Wyoming, June-July 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 56, pg 368-370, 2007) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID OUTBREAK C1 Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Van Houten, C (reprint author), Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 6 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 21 BP 2343 EP 2344 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 175IL UT WOS:000247007200010 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Gwinn, M Bowen, MS AF Khoury, Muin J. Gwinn, Marta Bowen, M. Scott TI Genomics and public health research SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM muk1@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 6 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 21 BP 2347 EP 2347 DI 10.1001/jama.297.21.2347-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 175IL UT WOS:000247007200013 PM 17551127 ER PT J AU Thuy, TT Shah, NS Mai, HA Do, TN Duong, T Truong, L Dinh, NS Bui, DD Luu, TMC Phung, TPM Wells, CD Laserson, KF Varma, JK AF Thuy, Trinh Thanh Shah, N. Sarita Mai Hoang Anh Do Trong Nghia Duong Thom Truong Linh Dinh Ngoc Sy Bui Duc Duong Luu Thi Minh Chau Phung Thi Phuong Mai Wells, Charles D. Laserson, Kayla F. Varma, Jay K. TI HIV-Associated TB in An Giang Province, Vietnam, 2001-2004: Epidemiology and TB Treatment Outcomes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. Mortality is high in HIV-infected TB patients, but few studies from Southeast Asia have documented the benefits of interventions, such as co-trimoxazole (CTX), in reducing mortality during TB treatment. To help guide policy in Vietnam, we studied the epidemiology of HIV-associated TB in one province and examined factors associated with outcomes, including the impact of CTX use. Methodology/Principal Findings. We retrospectively abstracted data for all HIV-infected persons diagnosed with TB from 2001-2004 in An Giang, a province in southern Vietnam in which TB patients receive HIV counseling and testing. We used standard WHO definitions to classify TB treatment outcomes. We conducted multivariate analysis to identify risk factors for the composite outcome of death, default, or treatment failure during TB treatment. From 2001-2004, 637 HIV-infected TB patients were diagnosed in An Giang. Of these, 501 (79%) were male, 321 (50%) were aged 25-34 years, and the most common self-reported HIV risk factor was sex with a commercial sex worker in 221 (35%). TB was classified as smear-positive in 531 (83%). During TB treatment, 167 (26%) patients died, 9 (1%) defaulted, and 6 (1%) failed treatment. Of 454 patients who took CTX, 116 (26%) had an unsuccessful outcome compared with 33 (70%) of 47 patients who did not take CTX (relative risk, 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-0.5). Adjusting for male sex, rural residence, TB smear status and disease location, and the occurrence of adverse events during TB treatment in multivariate analysis, the benefit of CTX persisted (adjusted odds ratio for unsuccessful outcome 0.1; CI, 0.1-0.3). Conclusions/Significance. In An Giang, Vietnam, HIV-associated TB was associated with poor TB treatment outcomes. Outcomes were significantly better in those taking CTX. This finding suggests that Vietnam should consider applying WHO recommendations to prescribe CTX to all HIV-infected TB patients. C1 [Thuy, Trinh Thanh] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Shah, N. Sarita; Wells, Charles D.; Laserson, Kayla F.; Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mai Hoang Anh; Duong Thom; Truong Linh] An Giang Prov Prevent Med Ctr, Long Xuyen City, Vietnam. [Do Trong Nghia; Dinh Ngoc Sy; Bui Duc Duong] Minist Hlth, Vietnam Natl TB Program, Natl Hosp TB & Lung Dis, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Luu Thi Minh Chau; Phung Thi Phuong Mai] Minist Hlth, LIFE GAP Off, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Varma, JK (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Hanoi, Vietnam. EM jvarma@cdc.gov FU U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX U.S. Agency for International Development and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. USAID was not involved in: study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data; or the decision to submit for publication. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 6 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 6 AR e507 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000507 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10GC UT WOS:000207451500016 PM 17551587 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A Kennedy, M Pappas-DeLuca, KA Nkete, M Beck, V Galavotti, C AF O'Leary, Ann Kennedy, May Pappas-DeLuca, Katina A. Nkete, Marlene Beck, Vicki Galavotti, Christine TI Association between exposure to an HIV story line in The Bold and the Beautiful and HIV-related stigma in Botswana SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; RADIO SOAP-OPERA; ENTERTAINMENT-EDUCATION; AIDS; PREVENTION; HIV/AIDS; BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION; ATTITUDES; TANZANIA AB HIV stigma militates against prevention and care efforts and is a significant problem in sub-Saharan Africa. During 2001-2003, after collaboration with CDC scientists from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the television drama The Bold and the Beautiful aired an HIV-related story line. The story line involved a man who tested positive for HIV, was accepted by his HIV-negative fiancee, and with her, adopted an AIDS orphan in Africa. We wished to test the hypothesis that viewers of this story line would report significantly lower AIDS-related stigma than nonviewers. We surveyed a sample of residents of Botswana shortly after the story line aired there. We assessed the association between viewership of the soap opera and HIV stigma. Compared with nonviewers of the show, viewers indicated significantly lower levels of HIV stigma, when other related factors were controlled statistically. These results are suggestive that stigma was reduced after watching a television drama in which HIV infection was treated in a nonstigmatizing, humane manner. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aoleary@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1521/aeap.2007.19.3.209 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 176XD UT WOS:000247117300003 PM 17563275 ER PT J AU Gardner, LI Marks, G Metsch, LR Loughlin, AM O'Daniels, C Del Rio, C Anderson-Mahoney, P Wilkinson, JD AF Gardner, Lytt I. Marks, Gary Metsch, Lisa R. Loughlin, Anita M. O'Daniels, Christine Del Rio, Carlos Anderson-Mahoney, Pamela Wilkinson, James D. CA ARTAS Study Grp TI Psychological and behavioral correlates of entering care for HIV infection: The Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study (ARTAS) SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEALTH-CARE; MEDICAL-CARE; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS; SERVICES; ENTRY; DELAY AB The present study sought to examine psychological and behavioral variables as predictors of attending an HIV medical care provider among persons recently diagnosed with HIV. The study, carried out between 2001 and 2003, was a two- arm randomized intervention trial with participants recruited from public HIV testing centers, sexually transmitted disease ( STD) clinics, hospitals, and community- based organizations in Atlanta, Georgia; Baltimore, Maryland; Miami, Florida; and Los Angeles, California. Eighty- six percent of those enrolled ( 273) had complete baseline and 12- month follow- up data. Measures of number of months since HIV diagnosis, readiness to enter care ( based on stages of change), barriers and facilitators to entering care, drug use, and intervention arm ( case managed versus simple referral) were examined as predictors of attending an HIV care provider, defined as being in care at least once in each of two consecutive 6 - month follow- up periods. In logistic regression, seeing a care provider was significantly more likely among participants diagnosed with HIV within 6 months of enrollment ( odds ratio [ OR] = 2.52, 95% confidence interval [ CI], 1.25, 5.06), those in the preparation versus precontemplation stages at baseline ( OR = 2.87, 95% CI, 1.21, 6.81), those who reported at baseline that someone ( friend, family member, social worker, other) was helping them get into care ( OR = 2.13, 95% CI, 1.02, 4.44), and those who received a case manager intervention ( OR = 2.16, 95% CI, 1.23, 3.78). The findings indicate a need to reach HIV- positive persons soon after diagnosis and assist them in getting into medical care. Knowing a person's stages of readiness to enter care and their support networks can help case managers formulate optimal client plans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Gardner, LI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, 1600 Clifton Rd Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lig0@cdc.gov RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 418 EP 425 DI 10.1089/apc.2006.0115 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 182VG UT WOS:000247531500007 PM 17594251 ER PT J AU Tate, JE Hudgens, MG AF Tate, Jacqueline E. Hudgens, Michael G. TI Estimating population size with two- and three-stage sampling designs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE population size; sampling studies; multistage sampling ID ESTIMATING ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; RECORD SYSTEMS ESTIMATION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; PRACTICAL ISSUES; SINGLE-SAMPLE AB Reliable estimates of population size are important for developing and monitoring health programs in at-risk populations. Laska, Meisner, and Siegel (Biometrics 1988;44:461-72) developed an unbiased estimator for the size of a population at a single venue based on a single sample. Because many populations of interest are not contained within a single venue, this article generalizes the Laska, Meisner, and Siegel estimator to incorporate two- and three-stage sampling designs and enable estimation of total population size over multiple venues. Use of the estimator with two- and three-stage sampling designs is illustrated with examples that estimate the size of a population of individuals who socialize over a 4-week period at public venues where transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections is likely to occur. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, MEASURE Evaluat Project, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Tate, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jqt8@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI50410-08] NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 BP 1314 EP 1320 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm005 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175HU UT WOS:000247005500013 PM 17400569 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, Z Ross, L AF Berkowitz, Z. Ross, L. TI Prostate-specific antigen test use: Data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S32 EP S32 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500128 ER PT J AU Bitsko, R Reefhuis, J Feldkamp, M Werler, M Louik, C Waller, K Frias, J Honein, M AF Bitsko, R. Reefhuis, J. Feldkamp, M. Werler, M. Louik, C. Waller, K. Frias, J. Honein, M. TI Periconceptional use of weight-loss products and the association with birth defects. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S87 EP S87 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500346 ER PT J AU Buss, B Safranek, T Foley, B Torok, T AF Buss, B. Safranek, T. Foley, B. Torok, T. TI Nebraska's 2004 hospital discharge data - how much is missing? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, CDC Epidem Intelligence Serv Officer, Lincoln, NE 68509 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S64 EP S64 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500255 ER PT J AU Collier, S Honein, M Rasmussen, S Petersen, E Feldkamp, M AF Collier, S. Honein, M. Rasmussen, S. Petersen, E. Feldkamp, M. TI Self-reported prevalence of infections during pregnancy. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S2 EP S2 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500006 ER PT J AU Correa, A AF Correa, A. TI Maternal glucose intolerance and offspring and maternal disease. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 CDC, Div Birth Defect & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S43 EP S43 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500172 ER PT J AU Gershman, M Larrieux, C Grigorescu, V Wilkins, M AF Gershman, M. Larrieux, C. Grigorescu, V. Wilkins, M. TI Lack of association between breastfeeding and preschool age overweight and at-risk-foroverweight among offspring of gestational diabetic mothers-Michigan birth cohort, 1995-1999. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 MI Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S131 EP S131 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500522 ER PT J AU Gilboa, SM Olshan, AF Werler, MM Correa, A Strickland, M AF Gilboa, S. M. Olshan, A. F. Werler, M. M. Correa, A. Strickland, M. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevent TI Antihistamine use during pregnancy and risk of birth defects: Results from the national birth defects prevention study (NBDPS), 1997-2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S87 EP S87 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500348 ER PT J AU Honein, MA Werler, MM Lawson, CC Olshan, AF Strickland, MJ AF Honein, M. A. Werler, M. M. Lawson, C. C. Olshan, A. F. Strickland, M. J. TI Overcoming methodological challenges in identifying causes of birth defects. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S97 EP S97 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500388 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Cheng, YJ AF Kahn, H. S. Cheng, Y. J. TI A changing environment for the conceptus: Recent trends in obesity and glucose dysregulation among fertile US women. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S43 EP S43 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500171 ER PT J AU Kesner, JS Meadows, JW AF Kesner, J. S. Meadows, J. W. TI Urinary endocrine analyses and their application to assess menstrual cycle function in populations exposed to potential hazards. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 NIOSH, RHAT, BHAB, CDC,DHHS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S41 EP S41 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500163 ER PT J AU Lacher, D Carroll, M AF Lacher, D. Carroll, M. TI Serum lipids and lipoproteins levels in US adults, NHANES 1976-2004. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S111 EP S111 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500442 ER PT J AU Lawson, CC Waters, MA Stewart, PA AF Lawson, C. C. Waters, M. A. Stewart, P. A. TI Assessing occupational exposures in studies of major birth defects. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S97 EP S97 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500389 ER PT J AU Li, J Stewart, S Thompson, T Miller, J Pollack, L AF Li, J. Stewart, S. Thompson, T. Miller, J. Pollack, L. TI Recent trends in childhood cancer mortality - United States, 1990-2003. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S9 EP S9 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500036 ER PT J AU Lochner, KA Pamuk, E AF Lochner, K. A. Pamuk, E. TI Socioeconomic differentials in mortality in nationally representative US cohorts. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S77 EP S77 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500309 ER PT J AU Miller, A Siffel, C Correa, A AF Miller, A. Siffel, C. Correa, A. TI Residential mobility during pregnancy in Atlanta. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S149 EP S149 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500597 ER PT J AU Nelson, ZC AF Nelson, Z. C. TI Prevalence and predictors of colorectal cancer screening in women aged 50 and over: Results from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S32 EP S32 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500126 ER PT J AU Neri, A Cramer, E Mainzer, H Dannenberg, A Vaughan, G Vinje, J Dale, H O'Reilly, C Karon, A AF Neri, A. Cramer, E. Mainzer, H. Dannenberg, A. Vaughan, G. Vinje, J. Dale, H. O'Reilly, C. Karon, A. TI Passenger knowledge, attitudes, and practices during cruise ship outbreaks caused by norovirus. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S56 EP S56 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500225 ER PT J AU Pratt, LA AF Pratt, L. A. TI Major depression and mortality in a national sample. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S144 EP S144 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500575 ER PT J AU Rutledge, SA Kahn, HS AF Rutledge, S. A. Kahn, H. S. TI Household food insecurity and central obesity in adults. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S130 EP S130 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500521 ER PT J AU Skarbinski, J Winston, C Massaga, J Kachur, SP Rowe, A AF Skarbinski, J. Winston, C. Massaga, J. Kachur, S. P. Rowe, A. TI Insecticide-treated bednet possession and use: Comparison of estimates from health facility and household surveys - Tanzania, 2005. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S16 EP S16 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500064 ER PT J AU Staras, S Flanders, W Dollard, S Pass, R McGowan, J Cannon, M AF Staras, S. Flanders, W. Dollard, S. Pass, R. McGowan, J., Jr. Cannon, M. TI Cytomegalovirus infection in us school-aged children. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S122 EP S122 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500486 ER PT J AU Steege, A Harlow, S AF Steege, A. Harlow, S. TI Characteristics associated with farmworkers' use of health care services in the US: The National Agricultural Workers Survey, 1999-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S34 EP S34 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500137 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PA Walker, JT AF Sullivan, P. A. Walker, J. T. TI Lung cancer mortality among employed US women by industry sector. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 NIOSH, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45255 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S134 EP S134 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500537 ER PT J AU Van Gelder, M Reefhuis, J Caton, A Werler, M Druschel, C Roeleveld, N AF Van Gelder, M. Reefhuis, J. Caton, A. Werler, M. Druschel, C. Roeleveld, N. CA NBDPS TI Maternal periconceptional illicit drug use and birth defects. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Roeleveld, Nel/B-4242-2008; Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Roeleveld, Nel/0000-0002-3390-4466; Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S103 EP S103 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500413 ER PT J AU Warner, L Newman, DR Kamb, ML Fishbein, M Douglas, JM Zenilman, J D'Ann, L Bolan, G Rogers, J Peterman, T AF Warner, L. Newman, D. R. Kamb, M. L. Fishbein, M. Douglas, J. M., Jr. Zenilman, J. D'Ann, L. Bolan, G. Rogers, J. Peterman, T. CA Respect Study Grp TI Problems with condom use among patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics: Prevalence, predictors, and relation to incident gonorrhea and chlamydia. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S119 EP S119 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500476 ER PT J AU Watson, C Williamson, D Cioffi, G Coates, T Giardina, P Cohen, A Neufeld, E Thompson, A Vichinsky, E AF Watson, C. Williamson, D. Cioffi, G. Coates, T. Giardina, P. Cohen, A. Neufeld, E. Thompson, A. Vichinsky, E. TI Blood safety surveillance among individuals with thalassemia. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S14 EP S14 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500054 ER PT J AU Whiteman, M Marchbanks, P AF Whiteman, M. Marchbanks, P. TI Family history and mortality after breast cancer diagnosis. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500231 ER PT J AU Wright, JD Stevens, J Flegal, KM AF Wright, J. D. Stevens, J. Flegal, K. M. TI Insights into the changing prevalence of obesity and hypertension in us adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S108 EP S108 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500430 ER PT J AU Yazdy, MM Autry, AR Honein, MA Frias, JL AF Yazdy, M. M. Autry, A. R. Honein, M. A. Frias, J. L. TI Utilization of special, education among children with orofacial clefts. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S2 EP S2 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500007 ER PT J AU Edwards, JR Peterson, KD Andrus, ML Tolson, JS Goulding, JS Dudeck, MA Mincey, RB Pollock, DA Horan, TC AF Edwards, Jonathan R. Peterson, Kelly D. Andrus, Mary L. Tolson, James S. Goulding, Joy S. Dudeck, Margaret A. Mincey, Randy B. Pollock, Daniel A. Horan, Teresa C. TI National healthcare safety network (NHSN) report, data summary for 2006, issued June 2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Edwards, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 214 Z9 226 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 290 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.04.001 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 180YU UT WOS:000247404700002 PM 17577475 ER PT J AU Dubberke, ER Reske, KA Noble-Wang, J Thompson, A Killgore, G Mayfield, J Camins, B Woeltje, K McDonald, JR McDonald, LC Fraser, VJ AF Dubberke, Erik R. Reske, Kimberly A. Noble-Wang, Judith Thompson, Angela Killgore, George Mayfield, Jennie Camins, Bernard Woeltje, Keith McDonald, Jay R. McDonald, L. Clifford Fraser, Victoria J. TI Prevalence of Clostridium difficile environmental contamination and strain variability in multiple health care facilities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; ACQUISITION; OUTBREAK; DIARRHEA; DISEASE AB Background: Clostridium difficile spores can contaminate the hospital environment. Little is known about the prevalence and strain variability of C. difficile environmental contamination in health care facilities. The objective of this study was to assess C. difficile environmental contamination at various health care facilities in a metropolitan area and determine if the North American pulsed Field gel electrophoresis type 1 (NAP1) strain was present. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot survey was conducted. Forty-eight environmental samples were collected from six health care facilities. Samples were cultured for the presence of C. difficile, and positive samples underwent pulsed field gel electrophoresis, toxinotyping, and detection of binary toxin and/or tcdC deletion. Results: C. difficile was cultured from 13 of 48 (27%) samples. Rooms housing a patient with C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) were more likely to be culture positive than non-CDAD patient rooms (100 % vs. 33 %: P < 0.01); C. difficile was not isolated outside of patient rooms (0 of 12 samples). The NAP I epidemic strain was found in 5 out of 6 facilities. Conclusion: C. difficile spores frequently contaminated the hospital environment. Rooms with a CDAD patient were more likely to be contaminated than rooms without a CDAD patient. The NAP1 strain was prevalent throughout the metropolitan area. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Barnes Jewish Hosp, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. St Louis VA Med Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. RP Dubberke, ER (reprint author), Box 8051,660 S Euclid, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM edubberk@im.wustl.edu FU PHS HHS [UR8/CCU715087-06/1] NR 15 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 315 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.12.006 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 180YU UT WOS:000247404700005 PM 17577478 ER PT J AU Phares, CR Russell, E Thigpen, MC Service, W Crist, MB Salyers, M Engel, J Benson, RF Fields, B Moore, MR AF Phares, Christina R. Russell, Elaine Thigpen, Michael C. Service, William Crist, Matthew B. Salyers, Martha Engel, Jeffrey Benson, Robert F. Fields, Barry Moore, Matthew R. TI Legionnaires' disease among residents of a long-term care facility: The sentinel event in a community outbreak SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; COOLING-TOWERS; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY; RISK AB Background: A long-term care facility (LTCF) reported an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease (LD) in September 2004. Methods: We conducted case finding through enhanced surveillance, medical record review (n = 131), and community surveys (n = 258). We cultured water samples from the LTCF and assayed their outdoor air-intake filters for Legionella DNA. We also investigated a cooling tower, the only nearby outdoor aerosol source. Results: Among 7 confirmed cases, 2 LTCF residents never exited, and 2 community residents never entered the LTCF during the incubation period. Among 63 water and biofilm samples collected from throughout the LTCF, we found no evidence of Legionella colonization, either in the potable water or air-handling systems. Conversely, we isolated a common outbreak-causing strain of Legionella pneumophila serogroup I from an industrial cooling tower located 0.4 km from the LTCF and recovered L pneumophila DNA from the LTCF's outdoor air-intake filters, suggesting that aerosolized Legionella from the cooling tower most likely entered the LTCF through the air-intake system or, possibly, through open windows. Conclusion: Residents of LTCFs can acquire LD from community sources. A cluster of LD cases among LTCF residents does not necessarily indicate transmission from within the LTCF. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cherokee Cty Hlth Dept, Murphy, NC USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Phares, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cphares@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.09.014 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 180YU UT WOS:000247404700006 PM 17577479 ER PT J AU Albright, A AF Albright, Ann TI The public health approach to diabetes - Community and system aspects. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING LA English DT Article ID CARE; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Albright, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ann.albright@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-936X J9 AM J NURS JI Am. J. Nurs. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 107 IS 6 SU S BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 178IP UT WOS:000247214700009 PM 17563435 ER PT J AU Hubbs, AF Benkovic, SA Miller, DB C'Callaghan, JP Battelli, L Schwegler-Berry, D Ma, Q AF Hubbs, Ann F. Benkovic, Stanley A. Miller, Diane B. C'Callaghan, James P. Battelli, Lori Schwegler-Berry, Diane Ma, Qiang TI Vacuolar Leukoencephalopathy with widespread astrogliosis in mice lacking transcription factor Nrf2 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUORO-JADE-B; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GLIAL-CELLS; GLUTATHIONE BIOSYNTHESIS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; IN-VIVO; EXPRESSION; LEUKODYSTROPHIES; ASTROCYTES AB NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an oxidant-activated CNC bZip transcription factor, has been implicated in defense against oxidative stress and chemical insults in a range of cell and tissue types, including the central nervous system. Here, we report that deletion of the Nrf2 gene in mice caused vacuolar (spongiform) leukoencephalopathy with widespread astrogliosis. The leukoencephalopathy was present in all Nrf2-null mice more than 10 months of age, was characterized by vacuolar degeneration involving all major brain regions, and was most apparent in the white tracts of the cerebellum and pons. Vacuolar degeneration in white tracts was attributable to myelin unwinding and intramyelinic cysts, and double-label immunofluorescence for 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and myelin basic protein localized free-radical induced oxidative damage to the myelin sheath. Moreover, the brains of Nrf2-null mice exhibited widespread astrocyte activation with profusion of glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive glial processes. The study uncovered a possible physiological role for Nrf2 in maintaining central nervous system myelin. if this role is confirmed, it may suggest new approaches to treating genetically and chemically induced myelin degenerative diseases. C1 NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Expt Pathol Lab, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Chron Stress & Neurotoxicol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Mol Neurotoxicol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM qam1@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 170 IS 6 BP 2068 EP 2076 DI 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060898 PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 174PR UT WOS:000246955300025 PM 17525273 ER PT J AU Lindley, MC Horlick, GA Shefer, AM Shaw, FE Gorji, M AF Lindley, Megan C. Horlick, Gail A. Shefer, Abigail M. Shaw, Frederic E. Gorji, Margaret TI Assessing state immunization requirements for healthcare workers and patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; LAWS AB Background: Laws requiring vaccination for school entry have resulted in high coverage and reduced disease incidence; however, few data exist on the use of similar laws in other settings. This study reviews laws regulating vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients in selected healthcare delivery settings. Methods: From September 2004 to June 2005, Lexis-Nexis and other web-based databases were searched for laws pertaining to HCW and patient vaccination in 50 states and Washington DC. Laws were grouped by population, setting, vaccine type, and voluntary versus mandatory vaccination. Data were analyzed in 2006. Results: Over half of states (n = 32) have laws for HCW vaccination in traditional healthcare settings (hospitals, ambulatory care), while only seven states have laws for patients in these settings. Most laws regulating vaccine administration for HCWs were voluntary; requirements for mandatory immunization were most common for institutionalized populations. Conclusions: Significant state-to-state variation exists in laws for vaccination of HCWs and patients. Additional data are needed on how such vaccination requirements affect coverage in these populations. Model legislation may be helpful to states wishing to implement immunization requirements. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Warner Mayoue Bates & Nolen PC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lindley, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MLindley@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 459 EP 465 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.009 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 176XB UT WOS:000247117100001 PM 17533060 ER PT J AU Corso, PS Mercy, JA Simon, TR Finkelstein, EA Miller, TR AF Corso, Phaedra S. Mercy, James A. Simon, Thomas R. Finkelstein, Eric A. Miller, Ted R. TI Medical costs and productivity losses due to interpersonal and self-directed violence in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DATING VIOLENCE; RISK BEHAVIOR; MANAGED CARE; SUICIDE; INJURIES; ADOLESCENT; HOSPITALIZATION; PARASUICIDE; CRIME; WOMEN AB Background: Violence-related injuries, including suicide, adversely affect the health and welfare of all Americans through premature death, disability, medical costs, and lost productivity. Estimating the magnitude of the economic burden of violence is critical for understanding the potential amount of resources that can be saved if cost-effective violence prevention efforts can be broadly applied. From 2003 to 2005, the lifetime medical costs and productivity losses associated with medically treated injuries due to interpersonal and self-directed violence occurring in the United States in 2000 were assessed. Methods: Several nationally representative data sets were combined to estimate the incidence of fatal and nonfatal injuries due to violence. Unit medical and productivity costs were computed and then multiplied by corresponding incidence estimates to yield total lifetime costs of violence-related injuries occurring in 2000. Results: The total costs associated with nonfatal injuries and deaths due to violence in 2000 were more than $70 billion. Most of this cost ($64.4 billion or 92%) was due to lost productivity. However, an estimated $5.6 billion was spent on medical care for the more than 2.5 million injuries due to interpersonal and self-directed violence. Conclusions: The burden estimates reported here provide evidence of the large health and economic burden of violence-related injuries in the U.S. But the true burden is likely far greater and the need for more research on violence surveillance and prevention are discussed. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Paul Coverdell Ctr N125, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA. RP Corso, PS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Paul Coverdell Ctr N125, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM pcorso@uga.edu OI Miller, Ted/0000-0002-0958-2639 NR 48 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 474 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.010 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 176XB UT WOS:000247117100003 PM 17533062 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Carlson, SA Kohl, HW AF Kruger, Judy Carlson, Susan A. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Fitness facilities for adults - Differences in perceived access and usage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; EXERCISE; INTERVENTIONS; DETERMINANTS; ENVIRONMENT; WOMEN AB Background: Perceived access to places for physical activity may play an important role in influencing physical activity behavior. Little is known about the prevalence of perceived access to facilities for physical activity. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of a national sample of 27,894 adults from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey was performed to describe the characteristics of those who perceived that they have access to fitness facilities, and determine the prevalence of perceived access, reported use of fitness facilities, and reported barriers to the use of fitness facilities. Analyses were conducted in 2005 and 2006. Results: Approximately 61% of adults reported having access to fitness facilities. Perceived access was highest among adults aged 34 and younger, non-Hispanic whites, those with a college 2 education, among adults with a body mass index of less than 35 kg/m(2), and among those with higher physical activity levels. The most commonly reported perceived barrier to access was cost. Almost 21% of U.S. adults (37.0% of active, 19.9% of intermittently active, 6.0% of inactive) reported having used a health club, wellness program, or fitness facility at least ten times during the past year. Conclusions: Fitness facilities provide one option for increasing access to places to be physically active. Having access to fitness facilities is significantly associated with physical activity levels among U.S. adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 1770 Buford Hwy NE,K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Ezk0@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 500 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.003 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 176XB UT WOS:000247117100006 PM 17533065 ER PT J AU Wortley, PM Levy, PS Quick, L Shoemaker, TR Dahlke, MA Evans, B Burke, B Schwartz, B AF Wortley, Pascale M. Levy, Paul S. Quick, Linda Shoemaker, Trevor R. Dahlke, Melissa A. Evans, Brian Burke, Brian Schwartz, Benjamin TI Predictors of smallpox vaccination among healthcare workers and other first responders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; DISPARITIES AB Background: The goal of the National Smallpox Vaccination Program was to vaccinate a cadre of healthcare workers and first responders who could care for smallpox patients in the event of an attack. Methods: Using a convenience sample of 36 health departments and 34 hospitals in California, we conducted a telephone interview between July 2003 and April 2004 of healthcare workers and first responders to determine predictors of smallpox vaccination. Findings: The response rate was 54.1%. Of 477 respondents with no contraindications to vaccination, 106 were vaccinated and 371 were unvaccinated. Among the vaccinated, the leading reason for vaccination was wanting to be part of a smallpox response team (74%). Among the unvaccinated, leading reasons for not being vaccinated included thinking the risk of smallpox was not high enough (25%) and concern about side effects (19%). Factors independently associated with vaccination include previous smallpox vaccination (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-14.1), having little or no concern about vaccine adverse events (AOR = 3.0, CI = 1.3-7.0, compared with somewhat/very), reporting their employer had a policy to reimburse for travel or other out of pocket costs (AOR = 2.5, CI = 1.1-5.7, compared with no policy), very high to high chance of compensation if adverse events occurred (AOR = 2.9, CI = 1.2-6.3, compared with low chance), and answering in the negative to questions about concerns about potential costs. Blacks were less likely than whites to be vaccinated (AOR = 0.04, CI = 0.03-0.6). Conclusions: Clearly communicating the risks and benefits of vaccination and addressing issues of cost, convenience, and compensation may be important for any program where vaccination is provided in the national interest and when the direct benefits of vaccination are unknown. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RTI Int, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Wortley, PM (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pmwl@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 538 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.002 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 176XB UT WOS:000247117100012 PM 17533071 ER PT J AU Moritsugu, KP AF Moritsugu, Kenneth P. TI The 2006 report of the surgeon general the health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 US PHS, Off Acting US Surg Gen, Washington, DC USA. RP Moritsugu, KP (reprint author), CDC, Hlth Commun Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS-K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sbabb@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 542 EP 543 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.026 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 176XB UT WOS:000247117100013 PM 17533072 ER PT J AU Jemmott, LS Jemmott, JB O'Leary, A AF Jemmott, Loretta Sweet Jemmott, John B., III O'Leary, Ann TI Effects on sexual risk Behavior and STD rate of brief HIV/STD prevention interventions for African American women in primary care settings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; REDUCTION INTERVENTION; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV; EFFICACY; PROGRAM AB Objectives. We tested the efficacy of brief HIV/sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk-reduction interventions for African American women in primary care settings. Methods. In a randomized controlled trial, 564 African American women recruited at a Newark, NJ, inner-city women's health clinic were assigned to a 20minute one-on-one HIV/STD behavioral skill-building intervention, 200-minute group HIV/STID behavioral skill-building intervention, 20-minute one-on-one HIV/ STD information intervention, 200-minute group HIV/STD information intervention, or 200-minute health intervention control group. Primary outcomes were selfreported sexual behaviors in the previous 3 months; secondary outcome was STD incidence. Results. At 12-month follow-up, participants in the skill-building interventions reported less unprotected sexual intercourse than did participants in the information interventions (Cohen's d [d] = 0.23, P=.02), reported a greater proportion of protected sexual intercourse than did information intervention participants (d=0.21, P=,05) and control participants d=0.24, P=.03), and were less likely to test positive for an STID than were control participants (d=0.20, P=.03). Conclusions. This study suggests that brief single-session, one-on-one or group skill-building interventions may reduce HIV/STD risk behaviors and STD morbidity among inner-city African American women in primary care settings. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Ctr Hlth Dispar Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Annenberg Sch Commun, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jemmott, LS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Ctr Hlth Dispar Res, 239 Nursing Educ Bldg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM jemmott@nursing.upenn.edu FU NINR NIH HHS [R01 NR03123] NR 31 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1034 EP 1040 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2003.020271 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 173IR UT WOS:000246867200015 PM 17463391 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Byers, RH Ling, Q Espinoza, L AF Hall, H. Irene Byers, Robert H. Ling, Qiang Espinoza, Lorena TI Racial/ethnic and age disparities in HIV prevalence and disease progression among men who have sex with men in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID YOUNG MEN; RISK BEHAVIORS; AIDS EPIDEMIC; INFECTION; HIV/AIDS; OPPORTUNITIES; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATIONS; PREVENTION; MONITOR AB Objectives. We examined HIV diagnosis rates and disease progression among men who have sex with men (MSM) according to race/ethnicity and age. Methods. Using data obtained from the national HIV/AIDS surveillance system, we examined trends in HIV diagnosis rates for 2001 through 2004 using Poisson regression. We used a standardized Kaplan-Meier method to determine differences in time of progression from HIV to AIDS and AIDS survival. Results. HIV diagnosis rates were higher for Black and Hispanic than for White MSM, but trends within age groups from 2001 to 2004 did not differ by race/ethnicity. Diagnosis rates increased among MSM aged 13 to 19 years (14% per year), 20 to 24 years (13%), 25 to 29 years, and 40 to 54 years (3%-6%; P <=.01 for each). The percentage of MSM who did not have AIDS 3 years after HIV diagnosis was lower among Black (66.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]=66.1, 67.4) and Hispanic (68.1%; 95% CI=67.5, 68.8) than among White MSM (74.7%; 95% CI=74.2, 75.1). Three-year survival after AIDS diagnosis was lower for Black than for White or Hispanic MSM. Conclusions. HIV prevention efforts should target young and middle-aged MSM and must offer early diagnosis and treatment for all MSM. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ixh1@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1060 EP 1066 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.087551 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 173IR UT WOS:000246867200019 PM 17463370 ER PT J AU Schwarcz, S Scheer, S McFarland, W Katz, M Valleroy, L Chen, S Catania, J AF Schwarcz, Sandra Scheer, Susan McFarland, Willi Katz, Mitchell Valleroy, Linda Chen, Sanny Catania, Joseph TI Prevalence of HIV infection and predictors of high-transmission sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE; GAY MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; INCREASES; LONDON; INTERVENTION; INTERNET; PARTNERS; SYDNEY AB Objectives. We sought to determine the prevalence of HIV and novel cofactors of high-transmission-risk behavior in a probability sample of men who have sex with men WSM). Methods. We performed a cross-sectional telephone survey of 1976 adult MSM in San Francisco. Results. We found an HIV prevalence of 25.2%. Predictors of unprotected insertive anal intercourse with a serodiscordant (not having the same HIV/AIDS serostatus) partner among HIV-infected men included use of Viagra and a greater number of partners in the past 12 months. Unprotected receptive anal intercourse with a serodiscordant partner among men not known to be HIV infected was independently associated with having lived in San Francisco for less than 1 year, use of crystal methamphetamine and amyl nitrites, a greater number of partners, and agreement with the statement, "You are less careful about being safe with sex or drugs than you were several years ago because there are better treatments for HIV now." Conclusions. Strategies to prevent HIV for urban MSM should focus on new predictors of HIV transmission. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Schwarcz, S (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, 25 Van Ness Ave,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. EM sandy.schwarcz@sfdph.org FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU906255] NR 38 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1067 EP 1075 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.072249 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 173IR UT WOS:000246867200020 PM 17463384 ER PT J AU Heffelfinger, JD Swint, EB Berman, SM Weinstock, HS AF Heffelfinger, James D. Swint, Emmett B. Berman, Stuart M. Weinstock, Hillard S. TI Trends in primary and secondary syphilis among men who have sex with men in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY; HIV-INFECTION; BISEXUAL MEN; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; RISK-FACTORS; COCAINE USE; YOUNG GAY; TRANSMISSION AB Objectives. We assessed the epidemiology of primary and secondary syphilis in the United States and estimated the percentages of cases occurring among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods. We reviewed US syphilis surveillance data from 1990 through 2003. We estimated the number of cases occurring among MSM by modeling changes in the ratio of syphilis cases among men to cases among women. Results. During 1990 through 2000, the rate of primary and secondary syphilis decreased 90% overall, declining 90% among men and 89% among women. The overall rate increased 19% between 2000 and 2003, reflecting a 62% increase among men and a 53% decrease among women. In 2003, an estimated 62% of reported cases occurred among MSM. Conclusions. Increasing syphilis cases among MSM account for most of the recent overall increase in rates and may be a harbinger of increasing rates of HIV infection among MSM. National efforts are under way to improve monitoring of syphilis trends, better understand factors associated with the observed increases, and improve efforts to prevent syphilis transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Heffelfinger, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E-46,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM izh7@cdc.gov NR 72 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1076 EP 1083 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.070417 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 173IR UT WOS:000246867200021 PM 17463387 ER PT J AU Mercer, CH Bailey, JV Johnson, AM Erens, B Wellings, K Fenton, KA Copas, AJ AF Mercer, Catherine H. Bailey, Julia V. Johnson, Anne M. Erens, Bob Wellings, Kaye Fenton, Kevin A. Copas, Andrew J. TI Women who report having sex with women: British national probability data on prevalence, sexual behaviors, and health outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; BISEXUAL WOMEN; US POPULATION; LESBIANS; ORIENTATION; SAMPLE; MEN; BRITAIN; CARE AB Objectives. We estimated the prevalence of same-sex experience among women and compared women reporting sex with women and men and women reporting sex exclusively with women with women reporting sex exclusively with men, in terms of sociodemographics and sexual, reproductive, and general health risk behaviors and outcomes. Methods. We used a British probability survey (n=6399 women, aged 16 to 44 years) conducted from 1999 to 2001 with face-to-face interviewing and computer-assisted self-interviewing. Results. We found that 4.9% of the women reported same-sex partner(s) ever; 2.8% reported sex with women in the past 5 years (n = 178); 85.0% of these women also reported male partner(s) in this time. Compared with women who reported sex exclusively with men, women who reported sex with women and men reported significantly greater male partner numbers, unsafe sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and intravenous drug use and had an increased likelihood of induced abortion and sexually transmitted infection diagnoses (age-adjusted odds ratios=3.07 and 4.41, respectively). Conclusions. For women, a history of sex with women may be a marker for increased risk of adverse sexual, reproductive, and general health outcomes compared with women who reported sex exclusively with men. A nonjudgmental review of female patients'sexual history should help practitioners discuss risks that women may face. C1 UCL, Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV Res, Mortimer Market Ctr, London WC1E 6JB, England. Kings Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Populat Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England. Natl Ctr Social Res, London, England. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mercer, CH (reprint author), UCL, Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV Res, Mortimer Market Ctr, Off Capper St, London WC1E 6JB, England. EM cmercer@gum.ucl.ac.uk OI Erens, Robert/0000-0002-3054-504X; Erens, Bob/0000-0002-4430-954X; Copas, Andrew/0000-0001-8968-5963; Mercer, Catherine/0000-0002-4220-5034 NR 42 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1126 EP 1133 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.086439 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 173IR UT WOS:000246867200029 PM 17463372 ER PT J AU Skarbinski, J Massaga, JJ Rowe, AK Kachur, SP AF Skarbinski, Jacek Massaga, Julius J. Rowe, Alexander K. Kachur, S. Patrick TI Distribution of free untreated bednets bundled with insecticide via an integrated child health campaign in Lindi Region, Tanzania: Lessons for future campaigns SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TREATED NETS; MEASLES VACCINATION; EQUITABLE COVERAGE; POSSESSION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; AFRICA; REACH; POOR AB Use of insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) to prevent malaria remains low, and effective distribution strategies are needed. An integrated child health campaign with free distribution of 162,254 untreated bednets bundled with insecticide, measles vaccination, vitamin A, and mebendazole for children < 5 years old ("under-5s") was conducted in Lindi Region, Tanzania. We conducted a representative household survey 3 months after the campaign. Altogether, 574 households with 354 under-5s were visited. In households with an under-5, possession of bednets and ITNs increased from 60.9% to 90.7% (P < 0.001) and from 16.5% to 37.3% (P < 0.001), respectively. Increases occurred in all wealth quintiles and equity improved. Reported bednet and ITN use the previous night among under-5s was 46.3% and 21.5%, respectively. Integrated campaigns rapidly and equitably increase bednet possession and use meriting continued large-scale implementation. However, our study found that bednets were rarely treated, thus, future campaigns should provide factory-treated long-lasting ITNs. Low ITN use underscores the need for further efforts to increase use after campaigns. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis Proposed, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US PHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Gates Malaria Partnership, Ctr Enhancement Effect Malaria Intervent, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. RP Skarbinski, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis Proposed, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jskarbinski@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1100 EP 1106 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 176WV UT WOS:000247116500019 PM 17556618 ER PT J AU Gupta, SK Suantio, A Gray, A Widyastuti, E Jain, N Rolos, R Hoekstra, RM Quick, R AF Gupta, Sundeep K. Suantio, Astrid Gray, Alicia Widyastuti, Endang Jain, Neena Rolos, Reineke Hoekstra, Robert M. Quick, Rob TI Factors associated with E-coli contamination of household drinking water among tsunami and earthquake survivors, Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POINT-OF-USE; SAFE STORAGE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DIARRHEA PREVENTION; EPIDEMIC CHOLERA; TRANSMISSION; QUALITY; CHLORINATION; DISEASE; SYSTEM AB The December 2004 tsunami in Sumatra, Indonesia, destroyed drinking water infrastructure, placing over 500,000 displaced persons at increased risk of waterborne disease. In June 2005, we assessed the relationship of water handling behaviors to household water quality in three districts: Aceh Besar, Simeulue, and Nias. We surveyed 1,127 households from 21 communities and tested stored drinking water. Factors associated with a reduced likelihood of having contaminated stored drinking water included obtaining water from improved sources (Aceh Besar, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.41, P < 0.01; Simeulue, aOR 0.48, P = 0.02), using chlorine solution (Simeulue, aOR 0.41, P < 0.01), and having free chlorine in stored water (Aceh Besar, aOR 0.42, P < 0.01; Nias, aOR 0.28, P < 0.01). Reported boiling, even among those who could describe correct practice, was not associated with improved water quality. Water source improvement and household water chlorination appear to be useful strategies to improve household stored drinking water quality in post-disaster situations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Safe Water, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. CARE Int Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Gupta, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgupta2@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1158 EP 1162 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 176WV UT WOS:000247116500030 PM 17556629 ER PT J AU Gupta, SK Strockbine, N Omondi, M Hise, K Fair, MA Mintz, E AF Gupta, Sundeep K. Strockbine, Nancy Omondi, Michael Hise, Kelley Fair, Mary Ann Mintz, Eric TI Short report: Emergence of shiga toxin 1 genes within Shigella dysenteriae type 4 isolates from travelers returning from the island of Hispanola SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ENTEROINVASIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PCR; INFECTIONS; BANGLADESH; DIAGNOSIS; OUTBREAKS; DIARRHEA; DHAKA AB Shiga toxins are produced by Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and certain strains of Escherichia coli. Three cases of Shiga toxin-producing S. dysenteriae type 4 were identified among travelers to the island of Hispanola between 2002 and 2005. Clinical and public health practitioners should be aware of this newly identified strain. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis Proposed, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gupta, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis Proposed, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM scg7@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1163 EP 1165 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 176WV UT WOS:000247116500031 PM 17556630 ER PT J AU Bowen, A Ma, HL Ou, JM Billhimer, W Long, T Mintz, E Hoekstra, RM Luby, S AF Bowen, Anna Ma, Huilai Ou, Jianming Billhimer, Ward Long, Timothy Mintz, Eric Hoekstra, Robert M. Luby, Stephen TI A cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of a handwashing-promotion program in Chinese primary schools SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; HEALTH; COMMUNITY; RISK; INTERVENTION; PREVENTION; CHILDREN AB Intensive handwashing promotion can reduce diarrheal and respiratory disease incidence. To determine whether less intensive, more scalable interventions can improve health, we evaluated a school-based handwashing program. We randomized 87 Chinese schools to usual practices: standard intervention (handwashing program) or expanded intervention (handwashing program, soap for school sinks, and peer hygiene monitors). We compared student absence rates, adjusting for cluster design. In control schools, children experienced a median 2.0 episodes (median 2.6 days) of absence per 100 student-weeks. In standard intervention schools, there were a median 1.2 episodes (P = 0.08) and 1.9 days (P = 0.14) of absence per 100 student-weeks. Children in expanded intervention schools experienced a median 1.2 episodes (P = 0.03) and 1.2 days (P = 0.03) of absence per 100 student-weeks. Provision of a large-scale handwashing promotion program and soap was associated with significantly reduced absenteeism. Similar programs could improve the health of children worldwide. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. China Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. Fujian Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fuzhou, Peoples R China. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. B Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Bowen, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM abowen@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1166 EP 1173 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 176WV UT WOS:000247116500032 PM 17556631 ER PT J AU Sergon, K Yahaya, AA Brown, J Bedja, SA Mlindasse, M Agata, N Allaranger, Y Ball, MD Powers, AM Ofula, V Onyango, C Konongoi, LS Sang, R Njenga, MK Breiman, RF AF Sergon, Kibet Yahaya, Ali Ahmed Brown, Jennifer Bedja, Said A. Mlindasse, Mohammed Agata, Naphtali Allaranger, Yokouide Ball, Mamadou D. Powers, Ann M. Ofula, Victor Onyango, Clayton Konongoi, Limbaso S. Sang, Rosemary Njenga, M. Kariuki Breiman, Robert F. TI Seroprevalence of Chikungunya virus infection on Grande Comore Island, Union of the Comoros, 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ONYONG-NYONG; REEMERGENCE AB An outbreak of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) illness associated with high fever combined with prolonged and severe arthralgias occurred on Grande Comore Island from January through May 2005; 5,202 cases were reported. A seroprevalence study was conducted to define the extent of transmission on the island. We conducted a cross-sectional survey using a multistage sampling technique. A total of 481 households were sampled. In each household, one resident was selected randomly for interview and blood collection. We administered questionnaires and tested 331 sera for CHIKV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Infection with CHIKV infection (seropositivity) was defined as presence of IgG and/or IgM antibodies to CHIKV. A total of 331 (69%) of 481 survey participants consented to blood collection. Antibodies to CHIKV were detected in 63% of sera; IgM antibodies were found in 60% of specimens and IgG antibodies were detected in 27% of specimens. Extrapolation of the findings to the entire Grande Comore population suggested that nearly 215,000 people were infected with CHIKV during the outbreak. A total of 79% of the seropositive persons were hospitalized or stayed at home in bed for a mean of 6 days (range = 1-30 days); 52% missed work or school for a mean of 7 days (range = 1-40 days). The findings suggest that CHIKV was broadly transmitted during the outbreak with a high attack rate. Although not fatal during this outbreak, CHIKV infection caused significant morbidity and decreased economic productivity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Worl Hlth Org, Moroni, Comoros. World Hlth Org, African Reg Off, Brazzaville, Congo. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Minist Hlth, Moroni, Comoros. Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Breiman, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. EM rbreiman@ke.cdc.gov NR 18 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1189 EP 1193 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 176WV UT WOS:000247116500035 PM 17556634 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Parks, CG Smith, JP Sammons, DL Robertson, SA AF Biagini, Raymond E. Parks, Christine G. Smith, Jerome P. Sammons, Deborah L. Robertson, Shirley A. TI Analytical performance of the AtheNA MultiLyte (R) ANA II assay in sera from lupus patients with multiple positive ANAs SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AtheNA MultiLyte (R) ANA system; antinuclear antibodies; autoimmune diseases; systemic lupus erythematosus; ELISA ID ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODIES; NUCLEAR ANTIGENS; REVISED CRITERIA; ERYTHEMATOSUS; AUTOANTIBODIES; CLASSIFICATION; IMMUNOASSAY; PATTERN; AGE AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the precision and accuracy of a commercial multiplexed kit for the measurement of 9 anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs; anti-SS/A, anti-SS/B, anti-Sm, anti-RNP, anti-Jo-1, anti-Scl-70, anti-dsDNA, anti-Centromere B, and anti-Histone), and to compare these results to a subset of ANAs measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunodiffusion (ID). Sera were obtained from 22 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, twelve controls and five others (commercial source) with various autoimmune diseases. ANA results from the AtheNA MultiLyte (R) ANA II Assay (AtheNA) were compared to ELISA results (controls) and patients (ID). The AtheNA interassay coefficients of variation (CVs, N=39, performed in duplicate; replicated 3x) ranged from 6.2% to 16.7% (mean = 9.8%), while the intra-assay CVs ranged from 5.8% to 14.3% (mean=10.8%). Compared to results for SLE cases and controls, the sensitivity of AtheNA ranged from 85.7% to 100% (mean=97.1%), while diagnostic specificity ranged from 16.7% to 100% (mean=71.6%). There was significant agreement (P values ranging from 0.0001 to 0.03) when analytes coanalyzed by AtheNA and ELISA/ID were evaluated using Cohen's kappa (kappa values ranging from 0.376 to 1.000). No false positive ANA results were observed for either the control or commercial source autoimmune disease sera. These results indicate that the AtheNA assay is a precise and accurate alternative for performing multiple ELISAs or IDs in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, especially when the number of sera to be tested is large, such as in clinical screening or epidemiologic studies. It also appears that the AtheNA assay identifies positive ANA specificities which are missed by ID techniques, suggesting that it may have greater analytical sensitivity for some ANAs. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch,Robert A T, Biol Monitoring Res Team,Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Biagini, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch,Robert A T, Biol Monitoring Res Team,Div Appl Res & Technol, MS C 26,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rbiagini@cdc.gov OI Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES-0001] NR 20 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 388 IS 3 BP 613 EP 618 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1243-x PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 164GE UT WOS:000246220800017 PM 17404717 ER PT J AU Roth, S Monsour, M Dowland, A Guenthner, PC Hancock, K Ou, CY Dezzutti, CS AF Roth, Susan Monsour, Michael Dowland, Amanda Guenthner, Patricia C. Hancock, Kelly Ou, Chin-Yi Dezzutti, Charlene S. TI Effect of topical microbicides on infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 binding to epithelial cells SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID THIOCARBOXANILIDE NONNUCLEOSIDE INHIBITOR; IN-VITRO; SEXUAL COERCION; HUMAN TUMORS; CONDOM USE; TRANSMISSION; HIV; MECHANISMS; PREVENTION; DENDRIMERS AB Topical microbicides (cellulose acetate 1,2 benzene dicarboxylate [CAP], PRO 2000, SPL7013, and UC781) are being investigated to reduce the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). These products were shown to prevent the transfer of infectious HIV-1 from urogenital and colorectal epithelial cell lines to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, it was unclear if the topical microbicides rendered the virus noninfectious and/or reduced the binding to the epithelial cells. To test this, epithelial cells were cultured with HIV-1 in the presence or absence of topical microbicides or their placebos. The cells were washed, RNA lysates were made, and real-time PCR was performed for HIV-1. PRO 2000 and SPL7013 significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced the amount of bound HIV-1 to the colorectal epithelial cell line across clades A, B, C, and CRFO1-AE. While none of the products reduced the binding of HIV-1 clades A and C to the urogenital cell line, CAP, PRO 2000, and SPL7013 significantly (P <= 0.002) reduced the binding of clades B and CRF01-AE. In general, PRO 2000 and SPL7013 placebos significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced the amount of bound HIV-1 but were less than the active products. UC781, its placebo, and hydroxyethyl cellulose (placebo for CAP) minimally affected the amount of bound HIV-1. These results suggest that rendering HIV-1 noninfectious may not correlate to the amount of HIV-1 bound to epithelial cells and possible shedding into mucosal secretions. Therefore, functional virological assays in addition to measuring viral RNA should be included when clinically evaluating topical microbicide use by infected persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Quantitat Sci & Informat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dezzutti, CS (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Magee Womens Res Inst, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM rsicsd@mwri.magee.edu NR 31 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1972 EP 1978 DI 10.1128/AAC.01358-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 175CY UT WOS:000246991400013 PM 17404008 ER PT J AU McCollum, AM Mueller, K Villegas, L Udhayakumar, V Escalante, AA AF McCollum, Andrea M. Mueller, Kristen Villegas, Leopoldo Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Escalante, Ananias A. TI Common origin and fixation of Plasmodium falciparum dhfr and dhps mutations associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in a low-transmission area in South America SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE GENES; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; MALARIA PARASITES; ANTIMALARIAL RESISTANCE; ANTIFOLATE RESISTANCE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; POINT MUTATIONS; AMAZON REGION; TRIMETHOPRIM; VENEZUELA AB Recent studies indicated that sensitive parasites could increase in frequency in a population when drugs are removed, suggesting that the life span of affordable antimalarial drugs could be expanded. We studied 97 samples from Bolivar State, Venezuela, an area where sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) has not been used for 8 years due to its ineffectiveness. We characterized point mutations in two genes that have been implicated in resistance to SP, dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps). We also assayed neutral microsatellite markers around the dhfr (chromosome 4) and dhps (chromosome 8) genes and on chromosomes 2 and 3 to track the origin and spread of resistant alleles. We found that drug-resistant SP mutants are fixed in the population. Two genotypes were present in the samples, dhfr(50R/511/108N) dhps(437G/540E/581G) (90.7%) and dhft(511/108N) dhps(437G/581G) (9.3%). We show a single microsatellite haplotype for all of the dhfr and dhps alleles, and the alleles at the microsatellite loci are different from those present in Africa. Thus, in these samples from Venezuela, there is a single origin for both dhfr and dhps SP-resistant alleles, and these alleles originated independently of those characterized from Africa. Furthermore, this is the first report of a "hitchhiking effect" on the genetic variation around dhps due to selection by SP using an extensive set of microsatellite markers. Our results indicate that, in areas where there is limited gene flow, the fixation of drug-resistant parasites in the population is stable, even after drug selection is relaxed. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Coordina, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Washington, DC USA. Asoc Civil Impacto Social, Tumeremo, Venezuela. RP Escalante, AA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Ananias.Escalante@asu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM060740, R01 GM084320, R01 GM60740] NR 32 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2085 EP 2091 DI 10.1128/AAC.01228-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 175CY UT WOS:000246991400029 PM 17283199 ER PT J AU Huggins, J Goff, A Eric, M Twenhafel, N Chapman, J Tate, M Jordan, R Bolken, T Hruby, D AF Huggins, John Goff, Arthur Eric, Mucker Twenhafel, Nancy Chapman, Jennifer Tate, Mallory Jordan, Rob Bolken, Tove' Hruby, Dennis TI Successful treatment in the monkeypox and variola primate models of smallpox by the oral drug ST-246 SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Conference on Antiviral Research CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2007 CL Palm Spring, CA SP Int Soc Antiviral Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 74 IS 3 SI SI MA 20 BP A35 EP A35 DI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.01.028 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 161VD UT WOS:000246043600021 ER PT J AU Bunning, ML Fox, PE Bowen, RA Komar, N Chang, GJJ Speaker, TJ Stephens, MR Nemeth, N Panella, NA Langevin, SA Gordy, P Teehee, M Bright, PR Turell, MJ AF Bunning, Michel L. Fox, Patricia E. Bowen, Richard A. Komar, Nicholas Chang, Gwong-Jen J. Speaker, Tully J. Stephens, Michael R. Nemeth, Nicole Panella, Nicholas A. Langevin, Stanley A. Gordy, Paul Teehee, Max Bright, Patricia R. Turell, Michael J. TI DNA vaccination of the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) provides partial protection against lethal challenge with West Nile virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; American crow; DNA vaccine; killed vaccine; oral vaccine ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BIRDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNIZATION; OSSIFRAGUS; STRAIN AB The New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus (WNV) is nearly 100% fatal in the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos). We evaluated four WNV vaccine formulations in American crows, including intramuscular (i.m.) DNA vaccine, i.m. DNA vaccine with adjuvant, orally administered microencapsulated DNA vaccine, and i.m. killed vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies developed in approximately 80% of crows that received the DNA vaccine i.m. (with or without adjuvant), and in 44% that received the killed vaccine. However, no crows that received the oral microencapsulated DNA vaccine or the placebo developed WNV antibodies. All crows were challenged 10 wk after initial vaccination. No unvaccinated crows survived challenge, and survival rates were 44% (i.m. DNA vaccine), 60% (i.m. DNA vaccine with adjuvant), 0% (oral microencapsulated DNA vaccine), and 11% (killed vaccine). Peak viremia titers in the birds that survived were significantly lower as compared to titers in birds that died. Parenteral administration of a WNV DNA vaccine was associated with reduced mortality but did nor provide sterile immunity. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Off Surgeon Gen, HQ AFMOA, SGPP, Washington, DC 20032 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Temple Univ, Sch Pharm, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. Amer Bird Conservancy, The Plains, VA 20198 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Nemeth, N (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, 3801 W Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM nnemeth@colostate.edu NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2 BP 573 EP 577 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[573:DVOTAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 176MF UT WOS:000247088700010 PM 17626486 ER PT J AU Heath, PT Schuchat, A AF Heath, Paul T. Schuchat, Anne TI Perinatal group B streptococcal disease SO BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH IN CLINICAL OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE streptococcus agralactiae; group B streptococcus; prevention; infant; vaccine ID SINGLE-DOSE PENICILLIN; SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; MULTISTATE SURVEILLANCE ANALYSIS; ONSET NEONATAL SEPSIS; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; RISK-FACTORS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PREGNANT-WOMEN; ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS; PREVENTION STRATEGIES AB Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Despite optimal treatment of GBS-infected neonates it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and prevention strategies are required. As disease occurs rapidly, and is often evident at birth or within 12 hours of birth, antibiotics must be given prior to delivery, and when administered early enough, and at the correct doses, they will prevent the majority of early-onset GBS cases. Prevention is therefore in the hands of obstetricians and midwives. Women at higher risk of delivering infected infants can be identified through one of two strategies: the presence of one or more clinical risk factors, or the presence of GBS on lower vaginal/rectal swabs obtained late in pregnancy. Decisions on which strategy to use will depend on a number of factors. A swab-based approach appears to have higher efficacy but is likely to lead to more antibiotic exposure. C1 Univ London St Georges Hosp, Vaccine Inst, London SW17 0RE, England. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Div Child Hlth, London SW17 0RE, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Heath, PT (reprint author), Univ London St Georges Hosp, Vaccine Inst, London SW17 0RE, England. EM pheath@sgul.ac.uk NR 85 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU BAILLIERE TINDALL PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1521-6934 J9 BEST PRACT RES CL OB JI Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 411 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2007.01.003 PG 14 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 181UQ UT WOS:000247462000007 PM 17336588 ER PT J AU Engel, CC Locke, S Reissman, DB DeMartino, R Kutz, I McDonald, M Barsky, AJ AF Engel, Charles C. Locke, Steven Reissman, Dori B. DeMartino, Robert Kutz, Ilan McDonald, Michael Barsky, Arthur J. TI Terrorism, trauma, and mass casualty triage: How might we solve the latest mind-body problem? SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; SOMATOSENSORY AMPLIFICATION SCALE; SOMATOFORM DISORDERS; SOMATIC SYMPTOMS; MISSILE ATTACKS; HEALTH; DEPRESSION; COMMUNITY; VALIDATION AB The global war on terrorism has led to increased concern about the ability of the U. S. healthcare system to respond to casualties from a chemical, biological, or radiological agent attack. Relatively little attention, however, has focused on the potential, in the immediate aftermath of such an attack, for large numbers of casualties presenting to triage points with acute health anxiety and idiopathic physical symptoms. This sort of "mass idiopathic illness" is not a certain outcome of chemical, biological, or radiological attack. However, in the event that this phenomenon occurs, it could result in surges in demand for medical evaluations that may disrupt triage systems and endanger lives. Conversely, if continuous primary care is not available for such patients after initial triage, many may suffer with unrecognized physical and emotional injuries and illness. This report is the result of an expert planning initiative seeking to facilitate triage protocols that will address the possibility of mass idiopathic illness and bolster healthcare system surge capacity. The report reviews key triage assumptions and gaps in knowledge and offers a four-stage triage model for further discussion and research. Optimal triage approaches offer flexibility and should be based on empirical studies, critical incident modeling, lessons from simulation exercises, and case studies. In addition to staging, the proposed triage and longitudinal care model relies on early recognition of symptoms, development of a registry, and use of non-physician care management to facilitate later longitudinal followup and collaboration between primary care and psychiatry for the significant minority of patients who develop persistent idiopathic symptoms associated with reduced functional status. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US Dept Def, Off Chief Med Officer, Div Behav Med, Washington, DC 20305 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Psychiat Serv, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Engel, CC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM cengel@usuhs.mil FU NIMHD NIH HHS [263MD403004] NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 5 IS 2 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1089/bsp.2007.0004 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 186SS UT WOS:000247799100016 PM 17608601 ER PT J AU Mei, ZG Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Mei, Zuguo Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. TI Standard deviation of anthropometric Z-scores as a data quality assessment tool using the 2006 WHO growth standards: a cross country analysis SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN AB Objective Height- and weight-based anthropometric indicators are used worldwide to characterize the nutritional status of populations. Based on the 1978 WHO/National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) growth reference, the World Health Organization has previously indicated that the standard deviation (SD) of Z-scores of these indicators is relatively constant across populations, irrespective of nutritional status. As such, the SD of Z-scores can be used as quality indicators for anthropometric data. In 2006, WHO published new growth standards. Here, we aim to assess whether the SD of height- and weight-based Z-score indicators from the 2006 WHO growth standards can still be used to assess data quality. Methods We examined data on children aged 0-59 months from 51 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in 34 developing countries. We used 2006 growth standards to assign height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ), weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ), weight-for-height Z-scores (WHZ) and body-mass-index-for-age Z-scores (BMIZ). We also did a stratified analysis by age group. Findings The SD for all four indicators were independent of their respective mean Z-scores across countries. Overall, the 5th and 95th percentiles of the SD were 1.3 5 and 1.95 for HAZ, 1. 17 and 1.46 for WAZ, 1.08 and 1. 50 for WHZ and 1.08 and 1. 55 for BMIZ. Conclusion Our results concur with the WHO assertion that SD is in a relatively small range for each indicator irrespective of where the Z-score mean lies, and support the use of SD as a quality indicator for anthropometric data. However, the ranges of SDs for all four indicators analysed were consistently wider than those published previously by WHO. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mei, ZG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zmei@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 6 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.2471/BLT.06.034421 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 201EG UT WOS:000248813700008 PM 17639241 ER PT J AU Arevshatian, L Clements, CJ Lwanga, SK Misore, AO Ndumbe, P Seward, JF Taylor, P AF Arevshatian, L. Clements, C. J. Lwanga, S. K. Misore, A. O. Ndumbe, P. Seward, J. F. Taylor, P. TI An evaluation of infant immunization in Africa: is a transformation in progress? SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION; IMPACT AB Objective To assess the progress made towards meeting the goals of the African Regional Strategic Plan of the Expanded Programme on Immunization between 2001 and 2005. Methods We reviewed data from national infant immunization programmes in the 46 countries of WHO's African Region, reviewed the literature and analysed existing data sources. We carried out face-to-face and telephone interviews with relevant staff members at regional and subregional levels. Findings The African Region fell short of the target for 80% of countries to achieve at least 80% immunization coverage by 2005. However, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-3 coverage increased by 15%, from 54% in 2000 to 69% in 2004. As a result, we estimate that the number of nonimmunized children declined from 1.4 million in 2002 to 900 000 in 2004. In 2004, four of seven countries with endemic or re-established wild polio virus had coverage of 50% or less, and some neighbouring countries at high risk of importation did not meet the 80% vaccination target. Reported measles cases dropped from 520 000 in 2000 to 316 000 in 2005, and mortality was reduced by approximately 60% when compared to 1999 baseline levels. A network of measles and yellow fever laboratories had been established in 29 countries by July 2005. Conclusions Rates of immunization coverage are improving dramatically in the WHO African Region. The huge increases in spending on immunization and the related improvements in programme performance are linked predominantly to increases in donor funding. C1 Macfarlane Burnet Inst Med Res & Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. Minist Hlth, Dept Prevent & Promot Hlth Serv, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Yaounde, Fac Med & Biomed Sci, Yaounde, Cameroon. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. IMMUNIZATIONbasics, Arlington, VA USA. RP Clements, CJ (reprint author), Macfarlane Burnet Inst Med Res & Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth, GPO Box 2284,Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. EM john@clem.com.au NR 15 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 6 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.2471/BLT.06.031526 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 201EG UT WOS:000248813700009 PM 17639242 ER PT J AU Nielson, CM Flores, R Harris, RB Abrahamsen, M PapenfuSS, MR Dunne, EF Markowitz, LE Giuliano, AR AF Nielson, Carrie M. Flores, Roberto Harris, Robin B. Abrahamsen, Martha PapenfuSS, Mary R. Dunne, Eileen F. Markowitz, Lauri E. Giuliano, Anna R. TI Human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution in male anogenital sites and semen SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Papillomavirus Conference/Clinical Workshop CY SEP, 2006 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC ID MALE SEXUAL PARTNERS; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; HPV INFECTION; GENITAL-INFECTION; PENILE LESIONS; URINE SAMPLES; RISK-FACTORS; MEN; WOMEN; DNA AB Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is sexually transmitted and causes cervical cancer. Although HPV can infect men and women, little is known about infection in men. Specifically, the prevalence of type-specific HPV infection and the distribution of infections by anogenital anatomic site in men are incompletely characterized. Methods: We tested 463 men ages 18 to 40 years for HPV at the glans/corona, penile shaft, scrotum, urethra, perianal area, anal canal, and in a semen sample. Eligible men acknowledged no history of genital warts and had sexual intercourse with a woman within the past year. HPV testing by PCR and reverse line blot genotyping for 37 types was conducted on each of the specimens from the seven sampling sites. Results: When HPV results from any sampling site were considered, 237 (51.2%) men were positive for at least one oncogenic or nononcogenic HPV type, and another 66 (14.3%) men were positive for an unclassified HPV type. The types with the highest prevalence were HPV-16 (11.4%) and 84 (10.6%). External genital samples (glans/corona, shaft, and scrotum) were more likely than anal samples to contain oncogenic HPV (25.1% versus 5.0%). HPV-positive penile shaft and glans/corona samples were also more likely to be infected with multiple HPV types than other sites. Conclusions: More complete anogenital sampling and sensitive detection for 37 HPV types resulted in a higher HPV prevalence in primarily asymptomatic men than reported previously. The penile shaft was the site most likely to be HPV positive and harbored the greatest proportion of multiple type and oncogenic infections. These results have implications for research of HPV among men and transmission between partners. C1 H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Giuliano, AR (reprint author), H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, 12902 Magnolia Dr,MRC 2067D, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM giuliano@moffitt.usf.edu FU PHS HHS [U36/CCU319276] NR 45 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1107 EP 1114 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0997 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 177OT UT WOS:000247163100011 PM 17548671 ER PT J AU Engel, LS Laden, F Andersen, A Strickland, PT Blair, A Needham, LL Barr, DB Wolff, MS Helzlsouer, K Hunter, DJ Lan, Q Cantor, KP Comstock, GW Brock, JW Bush, D Hoover, RN Rothman, N AF Engel, Lawrence S. Laden, Francine Andersen, Aage Strickland, Paul T. Blair, Aaron Needham, Larry L. Barr, Dana B. Wolff, Mary S. Helzlsouer, Kathy Hunter, David J. Lan, Qing Cantor, Kenneth P. Comstock, George W. Brock, John W. Bush, David Hoover, Robert N. Rothman, Nathaniel TI Polychlorinated biphenyl levels in peripheral blood and non-hodgkin's lymphoma: A report from three cohorts SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CAPACITOR MANUFACTURING WORKERS; AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDE USE; UNITED-STATES; CANCER MORTALITY; RISK-FACTORS; ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; CHLORINATED PESTICIDES; BREAST-CANCER; HUMAN-SERUM; PCBS AB The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) unrelated to HIV infection has steadily increased over the past several decades and remains substantially unexplained. Limited evidence suggests that increased concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) measured in blood or fat tissue are associated with increased risk of NHL. Although PCB congeners vary in their biological activity, the relation between individual congeners and NHL risk has not been examined previously using prospectively collected biospecimens. We examined congener-specific associations in three prospective cohorts. Prediagnostic serum or plasma concentrations of selected PCB congeners were measured among NHL cases and controls from these cohorts: Janus (190 cases and 190 controls) in Norway and CLUE 1 (74 cases and 147 controls) and the Nurses' Health Study (30 cases and 78 controls) in the United States. All blood samples were collected in the 1970s or 1980s. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% Cl) for the relations between risk of NHL and lipid-corrected plasma or serum concentrations. Several congeners (i.e., 118, 138, and 153) that were present at higher levels and were moderately to highly correlated with each other showed exposure-response trends with risk of NHL in all three cohorts. These associations were observed primarily among subjects diagnosed closer to the date of blood collection in the two cohorts with sufficient cases to permit stratification by time. Among cases diagnosed within the median years of follow-up (16 years in Janus and 12 years in CLUE 1), ORs and 95% Cls for increasing fourths of concentration of congener 118 relative to the lowest fourth were as follows: 2.4 (0.9-6.5), 4.9 (1.6-15.3), and 5.3 (1.5-18.8) (P-trend < 0.005) in Janus and 8.1 (1.0-68.9), 6.6 (0.7-59.0), and 13.0 (1.6-106.8) (P-trend < 0.05) in CLUE I. Similar patterns were seen for congeners 138 and 153 and for total PCBs. Limited evidence of exposure-response trends was also observed for several other congeners. The primary 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-clilorophenyl)ethane metabolite, p,p'-DDE, was not significantly associated with NHL in most analyses but slightly to moderately confounded the PCB associations. The results from these three cohorts suggest that concentrations of certain PCBs in blood are associated with increased risk of NHL. C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Epidemiol Serv, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Norwegian Canc Registry, Oslo, Norway. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Engel, LS (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Epidemiol Serv, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 307 E 63rd St,3rd Floor, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM engell@mskcc.org RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Engel, Lawrence/0000-0001-9268-4830 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [CA/ES62984, CA60754, CA98122]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL21670]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES03819] NR 53 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 11 BP 5545 EP 5552 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3906 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 175NS UT WOS:000247020900061 PM 17545638 ER PT J AU Bernert, JT Turner, WE Patterson, DG Needham, LL AF Bernert, John T. Turner, Wayman E. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Needham, Larry L. TI Calculation of serum "total lipid" concentrations for the adjustment of persistent organohalogen toxicant measurements in human samples SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE lipids; 2,3,7,8-TCDD; POPs; enzymatic; summation; normalization ID PLASMA; BLOOD AB Persistent organohalogen toxicants such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or polychlorinated biphenyls measured in human serum are often expressed on a lipid weight basis, most commonly by dividing the toxicants' concentration by the weight of total lipids in the sample. Therefore, the manner in which this lipid adjustment is calculated may influence the final reported result. Gravimetric total lipid assays have been used, but they are time-consuming and sometimes may be ill-defined. Consequently, alternative methods using enzymatic assays have been developed based on summing the individual lipid species measured. Recent reports, however, have suggested that significantly different total lipid results may be obtained when using alternative formulae in a summation approach. In this report, we summarize the results obtained from lipid measurements of nearly 900 samples made as part of a study of a group of older American men (mean age 62 years), and we compare our total lipid estimates obtained by using both our standard and "short" formula (the latter based on total cholesterol and triglycerides only) with results obtained using the recently proposed alternative formulae. Our findings indicate that both our long and short formulae provide similar estimates of serum total lipid concentrations, and that differences observed in lipid estimates when using the newer alternative summation methods may reflect differences in how the term "total lipid" is defined, especially with regard to the need to include the contribution of the weight of the cholesterol ester fatty acids in the calculation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bernert, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jtb2@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 16 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2007 VL 68 IS 5 BP 824 EP 831 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.043 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178ZR UT WOS:000247259600004 PM 17408721 ER PT J AU Inostroza, J Illesca, V Reydet, P Vinet, AM Ossa, G Munoz, S Thompson, T Sorensen, RU AF Inostroza, Jaime Illesca, Vijna Reydet, Patricia Vinet, Ana Maria Ossa, Gonzalo Munoz, Sergio Thompson, Terry Sorensen, Ricardo U. TI Ten-year surveillance of pneumococcal infections in temuco, Chile: Implications for vaccination strategies SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONSUSCEPTIBLE STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; INVASIVE DISEASE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; OTITIS-MEDIA; CHILDREN; SEROTYPES; PENICILLIN; COLONIZATION; CARRIAGE; RESISTANCE AB We monitored Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes causing invasive infections in patients admitted to one hospital in southern Chile during a 10-year period (1994 to 2004). All specimens isolated from patients with invasive S. pneumoniae infections were serotyped at the CDC in Atlanta, GA. A total of 508 isolates belonged to 58 serotypes. There were 95 infections in patients < 2 years old, 33 infections in patients 2 to 4 years old, 61 infections in patients 5 to 14 years old, 66 infections in patients 15 to 44 years old, 134 infections in patients 45 to 64 years old, and 120 infections in patients >= 65 years old. The 10 serotypes isolated with the highest frequency in all groups were, in decreasing order, 1, 3, 14, 5, 19F, 6B, 7F, 12F, 23F, and 6A. The 10 most frequent isolates in children under 2 years of age were 1, 613, 14, 19F, 5, 23F, 6A, 9V, and 7F. In patients >= 65 years old, the most common serotypes were 3, 7F, 1, 14, 19A, 23F, 19F, 35B, 4, and 5. Penicillin resistance was detected in 14 (2.7%) clinical specimens isolated since 1998, with 13 resistant strains identified since 2001. Vaccine coverage for the 7-valent conjugate vaccine was 42% for children <2 years of age. This study is important for the design of vaccines for this region and to evaluate public health measures to decrease pneumococcal infections. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Hosp Dr Hernan Henriquez A, Bacteriol & Immunol Lab, Temuco, Chile. Univ La Frontera, Sch Med, Dept Basic Sci, Temuco, Chile. Univ La Frontera, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Temuco, Chile. Univ La Frontera, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Temuco, Chile. Univ La Frontera, Sch Med, CIGES, Temuco, Chile. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Lab Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sorensen, RU (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1542 Tulane Ave,Box T8-1, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM rsoren@lsuhsc.edu NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 BP 660 EP 664 DI 10.1128/CVI.00379-06 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 186HK UT WOS:000247769500002 PM 17392436 ER PT J AU Lindsley, MD Holland, HL Bragg, SL Hurst, SF Wannemuehler, KA Morrison, CJ AF Lindsley, Mark D. Holland, Heather L. Bragg, Sandra L. Hurst, Steven F. Wannemuehler, Kathleen A. Morrison, Christine J. TI Production and evaluation of reagents for detection of Histoplasma capsulatum antigenuria by enzyme immunoassay SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; LINKED IMMUNOASSAY; ENDEMIC MYCOSES; M-GLYCOPROTEIN; DIAGNOSIS; BLASTOMYCOSIS; MANAGEMENT; PROTEIN; INDIANAPOLIS AB The detection of urinary Histoplasma capsulatum polysaccharide antigen (HPA) by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has proven useful for the presumptive diagnosis of histoplasmosis in AIDS patients. Assay limitations include (i) detection of a largely uncharacterized antigen and (ii) difficulty in reproducibly generating antibodies for use in the EIA. To improve antibody production for use in this test and to better understand the antigen being detected, we compared rabbit antibodies elicited using various immunization schedules, routes, and H. capsulatum-derived antigens. Antibodies were evaluated by EIA for their ability to detect purified H. capsulatum C antigen (C-Ag) and antigenuria. Reported as enzyme immunoassay (EI) units (the A(450) with antigen divided by the A(450) without antigen), results demonstrated that intravenous immunization of rabbits with whole, killed yeast-phase cells (yeast-i.v. regimen) produced antibodies giving the highest El values in the C-Ag EIA (mean El units +/- standard deviation, 14.9 +/- 0.6 versus 6.4 +/- 0.4 for rabbits immunized with C-Ag versus 2.4 +/- 0.3 for all other regimens combined). Yeast-i.v. antibodies were highly sensitive for the detection of antigenuria in patients with histoplasmosis, as shown by the following results: 12/12 patients compared to 10/12, 6/12, 3/12, and 3/12, respectively, for antibodies from rabbits immunized with (i) C-Ag; (ii) whole, killed yeast-phase cells administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly; (iii) yeast-phase culture filtrates; and (iv) HPA-positive urine. Rabbits immunized using the yeast-i.v. regimen also gave higher peak antibody titers than rabbits immunized by any other regimen (P < 0.03), and their antibodies were most comparable in reactivity to antibodies produced for use in the standard HPA-EIA test (P < 0.001). Therefore, rabbits immunized using the yeast-i.v. regimen produced the most sensitive antibodies with the highest titers for detection of C-Ag and antigenuria in histoplasmosis patients. C1 Coordinat Ctr Infect Dis, Strateg Sci & Program Unit, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Res, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. Div Food Borne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lindsley, MD (reprint author), 1600 Cliftoon Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mlindsley@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 BP 700 EP 709 DI 10.1128/CVI.00083-07 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 186HK UT WOS:000247769500008 PM 17428951 ER PT J AU Edwards, SH Pyatt, SD Stribling, SL Washburn, R Kimberly, MM Myers, GL AF Edwards, S. H. Pyatt, S. D. Stribling, S. L. Washburn, R. Kimberly, M. M. Myers, G. L. TI Gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry method for multi-level serum cholesterol analysis SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 15-19, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 SU S MA A138 BP A43 EP A44 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 172ZJ UT WOS:000246843000139 ER PT J AU Little, RR Tennill, AL Rohlfing, CL Stein, DT Rogatsky, E Myers, GL Polonsky, KS Greenbaum, CJ Palmer, JP Goldstein, DE AF Little, R. R. Tennill, A. L. Rohlfing, C. L. Stein, D. T. Rogatsky, E. Myers, G. L. Polonsky, K. S. Greenbaum, C. J. Palmer, J. P. Goldstein, D. E. TI International standardization of C-peptide measurements to a reference method SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 15-19, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Columbia, MO USA. Yeshiva Univ, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Benaroya Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, VA Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Rogatsky, Eduard/A-7989-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 SU S MA D125 BP A198 EP A199 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 172ZJ UT WOS:000246843000623 ER PT J AU Lederman, ER Green, GM DeGroot, HE Dahl, P Goldman, E Greer, PW Li, Y Zhao, H Paddock, CD Damon, IK AF Lederman, Edith R. Green, Gary M. DeGroot, Henry E. Dahl, Patricia Goldman, Erinn Greer, Patricia W. Li, Yu Zhao, Hui Paddock, Christopher D. Damon, Inger K. TI Progressive orf virus infection in a patient with lymphoma: Successful treatment using imiquimod SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 12-15, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID ECTHYMA CONTAGIOSUM; MILKERS NODULE; CREAM; DISEASE AB Orf virus is a parapoxvirus that infects small ruminants worldwide. We present the case report of a 73-year-old woman with non-Hodgkins lymphoma who developed progressive orf virus lesions that were unresponsive to surgical debridement and to cidofovir therapy. The patient's orf virus infection was successfully treated with topical imiquimod despite progression of her malignancy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Santa Rosa, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Santa Rosa, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Dept Family Med Serv, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RP Lederman, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvk9@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 11 BP E100 EP E103 DI 10.1086/517509 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163YH UT WOS:000246198800030 PM 17479930 ER PT J AU Lipin, MY Stepanshina, VN Shemyakin, IG Shinnick, TM AF Lipin, M. Y. Stepanshina, V. N. Shemyakin, I. G. Shinnick, T. M. TI Association of specific mutations in katG, rpoB, rpsL and rrs genes with spoligotypes of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Russia SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE genotype; multidrug resistance; mutations; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; resistance; spoligotype ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ISONIAZID RESISTANCE; NORTHWESTERN RUSSIA; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; GENOTYPE AB Most multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Russia belong to the Beijing or Latino-American and Mediterranean (LAM) spoligotype families. The objective of this study was to investigate possible associations between genotype and the frequencies of mutations that confer drug resistance in a population that has two large families of circulating strains. Spoligotyping, IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing, and sequencing of the katG and rpoB genes, were performed for 217 consecutive MDR M. tuberculosis isolates from patients. The rpsL and rrs genes were also sequenced for selected streptomycin-resistant isolates. Of the 217 MDR isolates, 99 (46%) belonged to the LAM family, 92 (42%) to the Beijing family, 21 (10%) to the Haarlem family and four (2%) to the T family. There was one unique spoligotype. Mutations in the katG gene were identified in 207 (95%) isolates, all of which had mutations in codon 315. Mutations in the rpoB gene were identified in 200 (92%) isolates; 75% of LAM isolates carried a mutation in codon 516, whereas 71% of Beijing isolates carried a mutation in codon 531. In the 33 isolates resistant to streptomycin 50 mg/L, the 43AGG rpsL mutation was found in 27% of Haarlem, 75% of Beijing and 0% of LAM isolates, and rrs mutations were found in 17% (516C -> T) of Beijing and 100% (513A -> C) of LAM isolates. Overall, there appeared to be a correlation between the genotype and specific mutations conferring resistance to rifampicin or streptomycin in the Beijing and LAM families. The biological implications of this correlation remain to be explored. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. State Res Ctr Appl Microbiol, Moscow, Russia. RP Shinnick, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop G35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tms1@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 620 EP 626 DI 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01711.x PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163YM UT WOS:000246199300009 PM 17403134 ER PT J AU Daley, MF Crane, LA Chandramouli, V Beaty, BL Barrow, J Allred, N Berman, S Kempe, A AF Daley, Matthew F. Crane, Lori A. Chandramouli, Vijayalaxmi Beaty, Brenda L. Barrow, Jennifer Allred, Norma Berman, Stephen Kempe, Allison TI Misperceptions about influenza vaccination among parents of healthy young children SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th National Immunization Conference CY MAY 11, 2004 CL Nashville, TN DE immunization; influenza vaccine; parent attitudes ID CHRONIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; ASTHMA; ATTITUDES; BELIEFS; RECALL; AGE; PERSPECTIVES AB A survey was administered to 828 parents from metropolitan Denver, Colorado, and 57% responded. Of the respondents, 47% thought their child was unlikely to contract influenza, 70% thought influenza vaccine could cause influenza, and 21% considered influenza vaccination unsafe for a 1-year-old child. The influenza immunization rate in children of surveyed parents was 71%. In multivariate analyses, the perception that influenza vaccination was the social norm was positively associated with immunization (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.69), and anticipating immunization barriers was negatively associated with immunization (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49-0.95). Parents of young children hold a number of misperceptions about influenza disease and vaccination. Despite this, high immunization rates are achievable in this population. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Daley, MF (reprint author), 1056 E 19TH Ave,B032, Denver, CO 80218 USA. EM daley.matthew@tchden.org NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 408 EP 417 DI 10.1177/0009922806298647 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 170FK UT WOS:000246647800005 PM 17556737 ER PT J AU Siciliano, RF Varejao Strabelli, TM Paddock, CD Jones, TF Zeigler, R Rodrigues, C Uip, DE Castelli, JB Sampaio, RO Grinberg, M Colombo, S Pereira dos Santos, FC Mendes do Nascimento, EM AF Siciliano, R. F. Varejao Strabelli, T. M. Paddock, C. D. Jones, T. F. Zeigler, R. Rodrigues, C. Uip, D. E. Castelli, J. B. Sampaio, R. O. Grinberg, M. Colombo, S. Pereira dos Santos, F. C. Mendes do Nascimento, E. M. TI Culture-negative endocarditis in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Serologic investigation of Coxiella burnetii and Bartonella spp. SO CLINICAL RESEARCH IN CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Inst Heart, InCorHCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Adolfo Lutz Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Castelli, Jussara/I-4798-2013 OI Castelli, Jussara/0000-0002-8414-4161 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1861-0684 J9 CLIN RES CARDIOL JI Clin. Res. Cardiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 96 IS 6 BP 411 EP 411 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 169UL UT WOS:000246617500040 ER PT J AU Kleinschmidt, I Rees, H Delany, S Smith, D Dinat, N Nkala, B McIntyre, JA AF Kleinschmidt, Immo Rees, Helen Delany, Sinead Smith, Dawn Dinat, Natalya Nkala, Busi McIntyre, James A. TI Injectable progestin contraceptive use and risk of HIV infection in a South African family planning cohort's SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE HIV incidence; contraceptives; synthetic progestins; norethisterone enanthate; depot medroxyprogesterone acetate ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; TRANSMISSION; ACQUISITION; METAANALYSIS; WOMEN; FLORA AB Objective: To investigate whether the incidence of HIV infection is higher among sexually active women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or noresthisterone enanthate (NET-EN) injections for contraception than among women using nonhormonal or no contraception. Methods: Five hundred and fifty-one initially HIV-negative women were followed up for a total of 491 person-years. Participants were interviewed, counselled, examined, tested for HIV and other STIs, and treated, at three monthly intervals for 1 year. Results: There was no significant association between progestin contraceptive use and HfV infection (rate ratio 1.1, 95% CI 0.5 to 2.8; log-rank test, p=.73). In proportional hazards regression, the only significant hazard ratios for HfV acquisition were prevalent Neisseria gonorrhoea (5.2; 95% CI 1.1 to 23.7, p=.035) and Trichomonas vaginalis (4.8; 95% CI 1.0 to 22.8, p=.049); bacterial vaginosis was marginally significant (2.8; 95%CI 1.0to 8.3,p=.057). The adjusted hazard ratios for NET-EN and DMPA were 1.76 (95% CI 0.64 to4.84) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.06 to 3.79), respectively, relative to nonuse. Five hundred and twelve of 551 women had one or more confirmed STIs during the study. Conclusions: There is no evidence of an association between HIV infection and injectable contraceptives. Due to the limited power of this study and because similar studies have not included young women using NET-EN, we recommend that further research be carried out to focus on the use of NET-EN and HIV acquisition in high risk groups. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. Univ Witwatersrand, Reprod Hlth & HIV Res Unit, ZA-2013 Johannesburg, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Res Unit, ZA-2013 Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Kleinschmidt, I (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM Immo.kleinschmidt@lshtm.ac.uk FU Medical Research Council [G0700837] NR 24 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 BP 461 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.02.002 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 176IV UT WOS:000247079100009 PM 17519153 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Marchbanks, PA Peterson, HB AF Curtis, Kathryn M. Marchbanks, Polly A. Peterson, Herbert B. TI Neoplasia with use of intrauterine devices SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Intrauterine Devices and Systems for Womens Health CY OCT 27-28, 2006 CL New York, NY SP Populat Council, United Natl Populat Fund DE intrauterine devices; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; breast cancer; systematic review ID DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER; EARLY ENDOMETRIAL CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS; IUD USE; RISK; SYSTEM; CHINA AB Background: One of the mechanisms by which intrauterine devices (IUDs) prevent pregnancy is the creation of a sterile inflammatory response in the endometrium. Additionally, hormone-releasing IUDs or intrauterine systems (IUSs) release progestins or progesterone into the uterus. Both of these mechanisms may affect users' risk for neoplasia. Study Design: We searched the PubMed database for studies on IUD use and risk for neoplasia conducted between 1960 and September 2006 and published in all languages. We excluded case reports and case series. For the association between ever using an IUD and risk for endometrial cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis using a Bayesian random-effects model to account for between-study heterogeneity. Results: We found no evidence of increased risk for neoplasia with IUD use. Nine case-control studies and one cohort study found reduced risks for endometrial cancer with having ever used an IUD (pooled adjusted odds ratio=0.6, 95% confidence interval= 0.4-0.7). No trend in associations was observed with characteristics of IUD use, type of IUD and histologic type of cancer. Four case-control studies found no association between IUD use and risk for cervical cancer. One study found no increased incidence of breast cancer among levonorgestrel-releasing IUS users as compared with the general population in Finland. Finally, three studies found no association between IUD use and occurrence of hydatidiform moles or malignant sequelae. Conclusions: Use of an IUD does not appear to increase the risk for neoplasia. While nearly all studies found that IUD use was associated with a decreased risk for endometrial cancer, it remains unclear whether this association is causal. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 SU S BP S60 EP S69 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.01.002 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 177YU UT WOS:000247189200012 PM 17531619 ER PT J AU Vandenplas, O Henneberger, PK AF Vandenplas, Olivier Henneberger, Paul K. TI Socioeconomic outcomes in work-exacerbated asthma SO CURRENT OPINION IN ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE asthma; cost of illness; occupational diseases; socioeconomic factors ID POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; AGGRAVATED ASTHMA; IMPACT; HEALTH; CONSEQUENCES; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS; RHINITIS; COSTS AB Purpose of review Work-exacerbated asthma has received little attention until recent years, although it is likely that the condition has a considerable societal impact because of its high prevalence. The purpose of this review is to provide a critical analysis of recently published data pertaining to the socioeconomic outcomes of work-exacerbated asthma. Recent findings Recent data have confirmed that work-exacerbated asthma is associated with a similar impact on work productivity and earning capacity as immunologically mediated Occupational asthma. The specific impact of work-exacerbated asthma on these outcomes should be further distinguished from the consequences of asthma unrelated to work. There is some suggestion that work-exacerbated asthma might be associated with higher rates of symptoms and exacerbations when compared with asthma unrelated to work. The impact of work-exacerbated asthma in terms of disease severity and healthcare utilization should therefore be further characterized. Summary The socioeconomic impact of work-exacerbated asthma should be taken into account in the management of this common, although often underestimated, condition. In addition, evaluating the economic burden of workexacerbated asthma and its various components is a key step in implementing cost-effective prevention policies. C1 Catholic Univ Louvain, Mont Godinne Hosp, Dept Chest Med, Yvoir, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Field Studies Branch, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Vandenplas, O (reprint author), Clin Univ Mt Godinne, Serv Pneumol, B-5530 Yvoir, Belgium. EM olivier.vandenplas@pneu.ucl.ac.be NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1528-4050 J9 CURR OPIN ALLERGY CL JI Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 236 EP 241 DI 10.1097/ACI.0b013e3280b10d68 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 176LL UT WOS:000247086500003 PM 17489041 ER PT J AU Schmid, I Lambert, C Ambrozak, D Marti, GE Moss, DM Perfetto, SP AF Schmid, Ingrid Lambert, Claude Ambrozak, David Marti, Gerald E. Moss, Delynn M. Perfetto, Stephen P. TI International society for analytical cytology biosafety standard for sorting of unfixed cells SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; occupational health; bio-hazards; cell sorting; biosafety; aerosol containment ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; HEALTH-CARE; INFECTIONS; AEROSOL; CANCER; INACTIVATION; EXPOSURES; SURVIVAL AB Background: Cell sorting of viable biological specimens has become very prevalent in laboratories involved in basic and clinical research. As these samples can contain infectious agents, precautions to protect instrument operators and the environment from hazards arising from the use of sorters are paramount. To this end the International Society of Analytical Cytology (ISAC) took a lead in establishing biosafety guidelines for sorting of unfixed cells (Schmid et al., Cytometry 1997;28:99-117). During the time period these recommendations have been available, they have become recognized worldwide as the standard practices and safety precautions for laboratories performing viable cell sorting experiments. However, the field of cytometry has progressed since 1997, and the document requires an update. Methods: Initially, suggestions about the document format and content were discussed among members of the ISAC Biosafety Committee and were incorporated into a draft version that was sent to all committee members for review. Comments were collected, carefully considered, and incorporated as appropriate into a draft document that was posted on the ISAC web site to invite comments from the flow cytometry community at large. The revised document was then submitted to ISAC Council for review. Simultaneously, further comments were sought from newly-appointed ISAC Biosafety committee members. Results: This safety standard for performing viable cell sorting experiments was recently generated. The document contains background information on the biohazard potential of sorting and the hazard classification of infectious agents as well as recommendations on (1) sample handling, (2) operator training and personal protection, (3) laboratory design, (4) cell sorter set-up, maintenance, and decontamination, and (5) testing the instrument for the efficiency of aerosol containment. Conclusions: This standard constitutes an updated and expanded revision of the 1997 biosafety guideline document. It is intended to provide laboratories involved in cell sorting with safety practices that take into account the enhanced hazard potential of high-speed sorting. Most importantly; it states that droplet-based sorting of infectious or hazardous biological material requires a higher level of containment than the one recommended for the risk group classification of the pathogen. The document also provides information on safety features of novel instrumentation, new options for personal protective equipment, and recently developed methods for testing the efficiency of aerosol containment. Published 2007 Wdey-Liss, Inc(dagger). C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Hematol Oncol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Hosp St Etienne, Immunol Lab, St Etienne, France. NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, CBER FDA, Lab Med & Mol Genet, Flow & Image Cytometry Sect,Div Cell & Gene Thera, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schmid, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Hematol Oncol, 12-236 Factor Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM schmid@mednet.ucla.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-16042]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-28697] NR 60 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71A IS 6 BP 414 EP 437 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20390 PG 24 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 171EQ UT WOS:000246718100010 PM 17385740 ER PT J AU Park, SW Goodpaster, BH Strotmeyer, ES Kuller, LH Broudeau, R Kammerer, C de Rekeneire, N Harris, TB Schwartz, AV Tylavsky, FA Cho, YW Newman, AB AF Park, Seok Won Goodpaster, Bret H. Strotmeyer, Elsa S. Kuller, Lewis H. Broudeau, Robert Kammerer, Candace de Rekeneire, Nathalie Harris, Tamara B. Schwartz, Ann V. Tylavsky, Frances A. Cho, Yong-wook Newman, Anne B. CA Hlth Aging Body Composition Study TI Accelerated loss of skeletal muscle strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes - The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Diabetes-Association CY JUN 10-14, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Diabet Assoc ID MASS; DISABILITY; QUALITY; PREVALENCE; NEUROPATHY; POLYNEUROPATHY; INDIVIDUALS; ASSOCIATION; PERFORMANCE; LIMITATIONS AB Objective - It has been shown that adults with either long-standing type I or type 2 diabetes had lower skeletal muscle strength than nondiabetic adults in cross-sectional studies, The aim of the study was to investigate longitudinal changes of muscle mass and strength in community-dwelling older adults with and without type 2 diabetes. Research Design and Methods - We examined leg and arm muscle mass and strength at baseline and 3 years later in 1,840 older adults aged 70-79 years in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Regional muscle mass was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and muscle strength was measured using isokinetic and isometric dynamometers. Results - Older adults with type 2 diabetes (n = 305) showed greater declines in the leg muscle mass (-0.29 +/- 0.03 vs. -0,23 +/- 0.01 kg, P < 0.05) and strength (-16.5 +/- 1.2 vs. - 12.4 +/- 0.5 Nm, P = 0.001) compared with older adults without diabetes. Leg muscle quality, expressed as maximal strength per unit of muscle mass (Newton meters per kilogram), also declined more rapidly in older adults with diabetes (-1.6 +/- 0.2 vs. -1.2 +/- 0.1 Nm/kg, P < 0.05). Changes in arm muscle strength and quality were not different between those with and without diabetes. Rapid declines in leg muscle strength and quality were attenuated but remained significant after controlling for demographics, body composition, physical activity, combined chronic diseases, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Conclusions - In older adults, type 2 diabetes is associated with accelerated loss of leg muscle strength and quality. C1 Pochon CHA Univ, Dept Internal Med, Pochon, South Korea. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Human Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN USA. RP Park, SW (reprint author), Pochon CHA Univ, Dept Internal Med, 351 Yatap Dong, Songnam 463712, South Korea. EM spark@cha.ac.kr RI Strotmeyer, Elsa/F-3015-2014; Newman, Anne/C-6408-2013; OI Newman, Anne/0000-0002-0106-1150; Strotmeyer, Elsa/0000-0002-4093-6036 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIA NIH HHS [N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6-2106] NR 35 TC 179 Z9 180 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1507 EP 1512 DI 10.2337/dc06-2537 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 175ES UT WOS:000246996400028 PM 17363749 ER PT J AU Li, CY Ford, ES AF Li, Chaoyang Ford, Earl S. TI Is there a single underlying factor for the 12 metabolic syndrome in adolescents? A confirmatory factor analysis SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE PERCENTILES; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; SYNDROME PHENOTYPE; MEXICAN-AMERICAN; WHITE-CHILDREN; YOUNG-ADULTS; SYNDROME-X; OBESITY; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE - The lack of a universally applicable model for the metabolic syndrome in the pediatric population makes it difficult to define this syndrome and compare its prevalence across studies and diverse populations. We sought to assess whether a single underlying factor could represent the metabolic syndrome in adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002), we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to assess the validity of waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting insulin, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) as potential phenotypic traits for the metabolic syndrome in adolescents aged 12-17 years (n = 1,262). A multiple-group approach was used to test the invariance in factor loadings across sex and race/ethnicity. RESULTS - The estimates of factor loadings for the total sample were 0.76, 0.46, 0.81, and 0.42 for waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting insulin, and SBP, respectively. The goodness-of-fit indexes were adequate for the total sample (comparative fit index, 0.99, standardized root mean square residual, 0.02), Caucasian boys (1.0; 0.01), African-American boys (0.99; 0.03), Mexican-American boys (1.0; 0.01), Mexican-American girls (1.0; 0.01), and Caucasian girls (0.95 0.04) and acceptable for African -American girls (0.94; 0.05). There were no significant differences in factor loadings of the four measured variables between boys and girls and among the three racial or ethnic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS - The metabolic syndrome as a single underlying factor for the four simple phenotypic traits may be plausible in adolescents. The proposed model appears to be generalizable across sex and race/ethnicity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cli@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1556 EP 1561 DI 10.2337/dc06-2481 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 175ES UT WOS:000246996400036 PM 17363752 ER PT J AU Narayan, KMV Boyle, JP Thompson, TJ Gregg, EW Williamson, DF AF Narayan, K. M. V. Boyle, James P. Thompson, Theodore J. Gregg, Edward W. Williamson, David F. TI Effect of BMI on lifetime risk for diabetes in the US SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL COHORT; WEIGHT; ADULTS; POPULATION; MORTALITY; MELLITUS; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; TRENDS AB OBJECTIVE - At birth, the lifetime risk of developing diabetes is one in three, but lifetime risks across BMI categories are unknown. We estimated BMI-specific lifetime diabetes risk in the U.S. for age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific subgroups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - National Health Interview Survey data (n 780,694, 1997-2004) were used to estimate age-, race-, sex-, and BMI-specific prevalence an incidence of diabetes in 2004. U.S. Census Bureau age-, race-, and sex-specific population and mortality rate estimates for 2004 were combined with two previous studies of mortality to estimate diabetes- and BMI-specific mortality rates. These estimates were used in a Markov model to project lifetime risk of diagnosed diabetes by baseline age, race, sex, and BMI. RESULTS - Lifetime diabetes risk at 18 years of age increased from 7.6 to 70.3% between underweight and very obese men and from 12.2 to 74.4% for women. The lifetime risk difference was lower at older ages. At 65 years of age, compared with normal-weight male subjects, lifetime risk differences (percent) increased from 3.7 to 23.9 percentage points between overweight and very obese men and from 8.7 to 26.7 percentage points for women. The impact of BMI on diabetes duration also decreased with age. CONCLUSIONS - over-weight and especially obesity, particularly at younger ages, substantially increases lifetime risk of diagnosed diabetes, while their impact on diabetes risk, life expectancy, and diabetes duration diminishes with age. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Narayan, KMV (reprint author), Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM kmvnarayan@sph.emory.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 30 TC 149 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1562 EP 1566 DI 10.2337/dc06-2544 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 175ES UT WOS:000246996400037 PM 17372155 ER PT J AU Funnell, MM Brown, TL Childs, BP Haas, LB Hosey, GM Jensen, B Maryniuk, M Peyrot, M Piette, JD Reader, D Siminerio, LM Weinger, K Weiss, MA AF Funnell, Martha M. Brown, Tammy L. Childs, Belinda P. Haas, Linda B. Hosey, Gwen M. Jensen, Brian Maryniuk, Melinda Peyrot, Mark Piette, John D. Reader, Diane Siminerio, Linda M. Weinger, Katie Weiss, Michael A. TI National standards for diabetes self-management education SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHRONIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT; IMPROVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL; PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; HEALTH-CARE; COMPLICATIONS TRIAL; PATIENT EDUCATION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; COMMUNITY-HEALTH; CHRONIC ILLNESS C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Med Educ, Diabet Res & Training Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. MidAmer Diabet Associates, Wichita, KS USA. VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Lakeshore Apothacare, Two Rivers, WI USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Joslin Diabet Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Loyola Coll, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. VA Ann Arbor Hlth Care Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ctr Diabet Res & Training, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Int Diabet Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Inst Diabet, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Patient Centered Solut, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Funnell, MM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Med Educ, Diabet Res & Training Ctr, 300 N Ingalls,3D06,Box 0489, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mfunnell@umich.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [5P60 DK20572]; PHS HHS [1 R18 0K062323] NR 164 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1630 EP 1637 DI 10.2337/dc07-9923 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 175ES UT WOS:000246996400060 PM 17526822 ER PT J AU Palmer, AJ Roze, S Valentine, WJ McEwan, P Gillett, M Holmes, M Clarke, P Stevens, R Gray, AM Coleman, R Sorensen, S Muller, E Walzer, S Eddy, DM Kahn, R Bagust, A Brown, J Brennan, A Chan, W Russell, A Hoerger, T Hicks, K Casciano, R Bergemann, R AF Palmer, Andrew J. Roze, Stephane Valentine, William J. McEwan, Philip Gillett, Michael Holmes, Michael Clarke, Philip Stevens, Richard Gray, Alastair M. Coleman, Ruth Sorensen, Stephen Mueller, Elvira Walzer, Stefan Eddy, David M. Kahn, Richard Bagust, Adrian Brown, Jonathan Brennan, Alan Chan, Wiley Russell, Alan Hoerger, Thomas Hicks, Katherine Casciano, Roman Bergemann, Rito CA Mt Hood 4 Modelling Grp TI Computer modeling of diabetes and its complications - A report on the Fourth Mount Hood Challenge Meeting SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; UKPDS RISK ENGINE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-KINGDOM; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; MELLITUS TYPE-1; PROGRESSION; TRIAL; VALIDATION; INTERVENTIONS AB Computer simulation models are mathematical equations combined in a structured framework to represent some real or hypothetical system. One of their uses is to allow the projection of short-term data from clinical trials to evaluate clinical outcomes and costs over a long-term period. This technology is becoming increasingly important to assist decision making in modern medicine in situations where there is a paucity of long-term clinical trial data, as recently acknowledged in the American Diabetes Association Consensus Panel Guidelines for Computer Modeling of Diabetes and its Complications. The Mount Hood Challenge Meetings provide a forum for computer modelers of diabetes to discuss and compare models and identify key areas of future development to advance the field. The Fourth Mount Hood Challenge in 2004 was the first meeting of its kind to ask modelers to perform simulations of outcomes for patients in published clinical trials, allowing comparison against "real life" data. Eight modeling groups participated in the challenge. Each group was given three of the following challenges: to simulate a trial of type 2 diabetes (CARDS fCollaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study]); to simulate a trial of type I diabetes (DCCT [Diabetes Control and Complications Trial]); and to calculate outcomes for a hypothetical, precisely specified patient (cross-model validation). The results of the models varied from each other and for methodological reasons, in some cases, from the published trial data in important ways. This approach of performing systematic comparisons and validation exercises has enabled the identification of key differences among the models, as well as their possible causes and directions for improvement in the future. C1 CORE, Basel, Switzerland. Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, Wales. Univ Sheffield, CIMA, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Oxford, UKPDS, Oxford, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Analyt Int, EAGLE Model, Lorrach, Germany. Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, CA USA. ADA, Alexandria, VA USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. RP Palmer, AJ (reprint author), CORE, Ctr Outcomes Res, Bundtenmattstr 40, CH-4102 Binningen, Switzerland. EM ap@thecenter.ch RI Brennan, Alan/B-4459-2009; OI Coleman, Ruth/0000-0002-5194-8550; Clarke, Philip/0000-0002-7555-5348 NR 41 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 EI 1935-5548 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1638 EP 1646 DI 10.2337/dc07-9919 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 175ES UT WOS:000246996400061 ER PT J AU Banyai, K Bogdan, A Kisfali, P Molnar, P Mihaly, I Melegh, B Martella, V Gentsch, JR Szucs, G AF Banyai, Krisztian Bogdan, Agnes Kisfali, Peter Molnar, Peter Mihaly, Ilona Melegh, Bela Martella, Vito Gentsch, Jon R. Szucs, Gyorgy TI Emergence of serotype G12 rotaviruses, Hungary SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRAINS; CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; SPECIFICITY; VACCINE; PATTERN; ADULTS; INDIA AB We describe the emergence of serotype G12 rotaviruses (67 [6.9%] of 971 specimens tested) among children hospitalized with rotavirus gastroenteritis in Hungary during 2005. These findings are consistent with recent reports of the possible global spread and increasing epidemiologic importance of these strains, which may have implications for current rotavirus vaccination strategies. C1 Baranya Cty Inst, State Publ Hlth Serv, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary. Univ Pecs, Pecs, Hungary. St Laszio Cent Hosp Infect Dis, Budapest, Hungary. Univ Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Banyai, K (reprint author), Baranya Cty Inst, State Publ Hlth Serv, Szabadsag Ut 7, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary. EM bkrota@hotmail.com RI Martella, Vito/K-3146-2016; OI Martella, Vito/0000-0002-5740-6947; Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772 NR 15 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 916 EP 919 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 173US UT WOS:000246898600019 PM 17553236 ER PT J AU Pai, PJ Blackburn, BG Kazacos, KR Warrier, RP Begue, RE AF Pai, Poulomi J. Blackburn, Brian G. Kazacos, Kevin R. Warrier, Rajasekharan P. Begue, Rodolfo E. TI Full recovery from Baylisascaris procyonis eosinophilic meningitis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DISEASE AB Infection by Baylisascaris procyonis is an uncommon but devastating cause of eosinophilic meningitis. We report the first case-patient, to our knowledge, who recovered from B. procyonis eosinophilic meningitis without any recognizable neurologic deficits. The spectrum of illness for this organism may be wider than previously recognized. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Begue, RE (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, 200 Henry Clay Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM rbegue@lsuhsc.edu RI Warrier, Rajasekharan/D-4512-2011 NR 11 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 928 EP 930 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 173US UT WOS:000246898600023 PM 17553240 ER PT J AU Breitschwerdt, EB Maggi, RG Duncan, AW Nicholson, WL Hegarty, BC Woods, CW AF Breitschwerdt, Edward B. Maggi, Ricardo G. Duncan, Ashlee W. Nicholson, William L. Hegarty, Barbara C. Woods, Christopher W. TI Bartonella species in blood of immunocompetent persons with animal and arthropod contact SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; HENSELAE; QUINTANA; EXPERIENCE; BACTEREMIA; EMERGENCE; CULTURE; 16S-23S AB Using PCR in conjunction with pre-enrichment culture, we detected Bartonella henselae and B. vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii in the blood of 14 immunocompetent persons who had frequent animal contact and arthropod exposure. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Breitschwerdt, EB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ed_breitschwerdt@ncsu.edu NR 15 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 938 EP 941 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 173US UT WOS:000246898600026 PM 17553243 ER PT J AU Johnson, BW Cruz, C Felices, V Espinoza, WR Manock, SR Guevara, C Olson, JG Kochel, TJ AF Johnson, Barbara W. Cruz, Cristopher Felices, Vidal Espinoza, William R. Manock, Stephen Robert Guevara, Carolina Olson, James G. Kochel, Tadeusz J. TI Ilheus virus isolate from a human, Ecuador SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Hosp 4 Div Ejercito Amazonas, Puyo, Ecuador. Hosp Vozandes del Oriente, Shell, Ecuador. RP Johnson, BW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM bfj9@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 956 EP 958 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 173US UT WOS:000246898600038 PM 17582910 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI "What did I do to be so black and blue?" SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 962 EP 963 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 173US UT WOS:000246898600039 ER PT J AU Jain, NB Potula, V Schwartz, J Vokonas, PS Sparrow, D Wright, RO Nie, HL Hu, H AF Jain, Nitin B. Potula, Vijayalakshmi Schwartz, Joel Vokonas, Pantel S. Sparrow, David Wright, Robert O. Nie, Huiling Hu, Howard TI Lead levels and ischemic heart disease in a prospective study of middle-aged and elderly men: the VA normative aging study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE angina; epidemiology; myocardial infarction ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; BLOOD LEAD; BONE LEAD; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; PRESSURE; HYPERTENSION; EXPOSURE; CADMIUM AB BACKGROUND: Lead exposure has been associated with higher blood pressure, hypertension, electrocardiogram abnormalities, and increased mortality from circulatory causes. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association between bone lead-a more accurate biomarker of chronic lead exposure than blood lead-and risk for future ischemic heart disease (IHD). METHODS: In a prospective cohort study (VA Normative Aging Study), 837 men who underwent blood or bone lead measurements at baseline were followed-up for an ischernic heart disease event between I September 1991 and 31 December 2001. IHID was defined as either a diagnosis of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris that was confirmed by a cardiologist. Events of fatal myocardial infarction were assessed from death certificates. RESULTS: An IHD event occurred in 83 cases (70 nonfatal and 13 fatal). The mean blood, tibia, and patella lead levels were higher in IHID cases than in noneases. In multivariate Cox-proportional hazards models, one standard deviation increase in blood lead level was associated with a 1.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.59) fold greater risk for ischemic heart disease. Similarly, a one standard deviation increase in patella and tibia lead levels was associated with greater risk for IHD (hazard ratio for patella lead = 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.62). CONCLUSIONS: Men with increased blood and bone lead levels were at increased risk for future IHD. Although the pathogenesis of IHD is multifactorial, lead exposure may be one of the risk factors. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Invest Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, VA Boston Healthcare Syst Normative Aging Study, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Jain, NB (reprint author), Programs Res, 1400 VFW Parkway,W Roxbury, Boston, MA 02132 USA. EM njain1@partners.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR02635, M01 RR002635]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 05257, P30 ES000002, P30 ES00002, P42 ES005947, 2R44 ES03918-02, P42-ES05947, R01 ES005257]; NIMHD NIH HHS [P20 MD000501] NR 49 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 6 BP 871 EP 875 DI 10.1289/ehp.9629 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 179HK UT WOS:000247280200031 PM 17589593 ER PT J AU Apelberg, BJ Goldman, LR Calafat, AM Herbstman, JB Kuklenyik, Z Heidler, J Needham, LL Halden, RU Witter, FR AF Apelberg, Benjamin J. Goldman, Lynn R. Calafat, Antonia M. Herbstman, Julie B. Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna Heidler, Jochen Needham, Larry L. Halden, Rolf U. Witter, Frank R. TI Determinants of fetal exposure to polyfluoroalkyl compounds in Baltimore, Maryland SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFLUORINATED FATTY-ACIDS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; CORD BLOOD; RAT-LIVER; POPULATION; PREGNANCY; PERFLUOROCHEMICALS; FLUOROCHEMICALS; BINDING AB Polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs), such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), are ubiquitous, man-made chemicals. Human data suggest that in utero exposures to these chemicals occur and some evidence of developmental toxicity in animals exists. To assess the distribution and determinants of fetal exposure to PFCs, we analyzed cord serum samples from 299 singleton newborns delivered between 2004 and 2005 in Baltimore, MD for 10 PFCs by employing on-line solid-phase extraction coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PFOS and PFOA were detected in 99 and 100% of umbilical cord sera, with geometric mean concentrations of 4.9 and 1.6 ng/mL, respectively. PFOS and PFOA concentrations were highly correlated (Pearson's r = 0.64 after natural log transformation, p < 0.01). Eight other PFCs were detected less frequently and at lower concentrations than PFOS and PFOA. Geometric mean concentrations of PFOS for Asians (6.0 ng/mL) and Blacks (5.1 ng/mL) were higher than those for Whites (4.2 ng/mL), while PFOA levels were more evenly distributed by race. Other maternal demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, including age, education, marital status, and living in the city limits were not significantly associated with cord concentrations. Our findings suggest that in utero exposure to PFOS and PFOA is ubiquitous in a population of babies born in Baltimore, MD. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Goldman, LR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM lgoldman@jhsph.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012; Halden, Rolf/F-9562-2010 OI Halden, Rolf/0000-0001-5232-7361 NR 52 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 11 BP 3891 EP 3897 DI 10.1021/es0700911 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 172ZM UT WOS:000246843300013 PM 17612165 ER PT J AU Zambrana, RE AF Zambrana, Ruth Enid TI Disparities in hypertension-related mortality among selected Hispanic subgroups and non-Hispanic White women ages 45 years and older United States, 1995-1996 and 2001-2002 SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE hypertension; mortality; epidemiology; Hispanics/Latinos; women ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NUTRITION-EXAMINATION-SURVEY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; STROKE; PREVENTION AB Objectives: To compare hypertension-related mortality (HRM) age-standardized and age-specific rates for Hispanic subgroup and non-Hispanic White (NHW) women; to identify underlying causes of HRM by Hispanic subgroup and age; and to examine relative percent change in HRM among Hispanic subgroups and NHW women. Design: Secondary data analyses of 19951996 and 2001-2002 national vital statistics multiple cause mortality files. Setting: United States-50 states and District of Columbia. Subjects: Mexican American (MA), Puerto Rican (PR), Cuban (CA) and NHW female decedents ages 45 years with hypertension listed as one of up to 20 conditions resulting in death. Main Outcome Main Outcomes Measures: Age-standardized death rates (ASDR per 100,000) for HRM and relative percent change to examine trends (2year intervals). Results: During 1995-1996, the ASDR (per 100,000) for HRM was highest among PR (248.5) followed by NHW (188.7), MA (185.4), and CA women (139.7). During 2001-2002, PR (215.5) and MA (205.5) had higher ASDR for HRM than NHW (171.9) and CA women (104.6). The relative percent increase from 1995-1996 to 2001-2002 was 10.8% (P < 01) among MA, while CA (-25.1 %, P < 01), PR (-13.3%, P < 01) and non-Hispanic Whites (-8.5%, P <.011) showed a decrease. Conclusions: HRM was highest among PR and MA women, increased significantly for MA women between 1995-1996 to 2001-2002, and declined for CA, PR and non-Hispanic White women. Public health efforts should focus on strengthening heart health protection communication and hypertension control programs for PR and MA women and their healthcare providers. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Womens Studies & Consortium Race Gender & Et, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zambrana, RE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Womens Studies & Consortium Race Gender & Et, 2101 Woods Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rzambran@umd.edu OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 434 EP 440 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204TI UT WOS:000249066500003 PM 17985494 ER PT J AU Saydah, S Cowie, C Eberhardt, MS De Rekeneire, N Narayan, KMV AF Saydah, Sharon Cowie, Catherine Eberhardt, Mark S. De Rekeneire, Nathalie Narayan, K. M. Venkat TI Race and ethnic differences in glycemic control among adults with diagnosed diabetes in the United States SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE race; ethnicity; diabetes; glycemic control ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; TYPE-2; CARE; HEALTH; RISK; COMPLICATIONS; DISPARITIES; MELLITUS; QUALITY AB Objective: Control of blood glucose levels reduces vascular complications among people with diabetes, but less than half of the adults with diabetes in the United States are achieving good glycemic control. This study examines 19992002 national data on the association between race/ethnicity and glycemic control among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes. Design: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002, a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of the non-institutionalized civilian US population. Participants were non-pregnant adults, 20 years or older, with a previous diagnosis of diabetes, and who had participated in both the interview and examination in NHANES 1999-2002 (N=843). Glycemic control was determined by levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C). We compared glycemic control by race/ethnicity and potential confounders including measures of socioeconomic status, obesity, healthcare access and diabetes treatment. Results: Overall, 44% of adults with previously diagnosed diabetes had good glycemic control (A1C levels < 7%). Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Blacks were less likely to achieve good control (35.4% and 36.9%, respectively) compared with non-Hispanic Whites (48.6%). After multivariable adjustment for measures of socioeconomic status, obesity, healthcare access and utilization and diabetes treatment, differences in glycemic control by race/ethnicity remained. Conclusion: Glycemic control is low among all racial/ethnic groups, but is lower among non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican Americans. These results provide guidance for public health workers and health professionals in targeting programs to improve glycemic control among adults with diagnosed diabetes in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIDDK, Bethesda, MD USA. Social & Sci Syst, Silver Spring, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Saydah, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM ssaydah@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 22 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 529 EP 535 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204TI UT WOS:000249066500018 PM 17985509 ER PT J AU Mokdad, AH AF Mokdad, Ali H. TI D. Chronic diseases and the potential for prevention in the Arab world: The Jordanian experience SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial National Conference on Health Issues in the Arab American Community CY MAY 11-12, 2006 CL Dearborn, MI DE chronic disease; Arab C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 SU 3 BP S55 EP S56 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 202PA UT WOS:000248914300023 ER PT J AU Beall, B AF Beall, Bernard TI Vaccination with the pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate: a successful experiment but the species is adapting SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; SEROTYPE; CHILDREN; CLONE; ERA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Streptococcus Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Streptococcus Lab, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbeall@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU FUTURE DRUGS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD JUN PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 297 EP 300 DI 10.1586/14760584.6.3.297 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 178VK UT WOS:000247248000003 PM 17542743 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, GS Moura, H Schuster, FL AF Visvesvara, Govinda S. Moura, Hercules Schuster, Frederick L. TI Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Sappinia diploidea SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE primary amoebic meningoencephalitis; granulomatous amoebic encephalitis; amphizoic amoebae; central nervous system infection; skin infection; Acanthamoeba keratitis ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; REAL-TIME PCR; MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MANNOSE-BINDING PROTEIN; IN-VITRO; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; NONPATHOGENIC ACANTHAMOEBA; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; NESTED PCR; N-SP AB Among the many genera of free-living amoebae that exist in nature, members of only four genera have an association with human disease: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri and Sappinia diploidea. Acanthamoeba spp. and B. mandrillaris are opportunistic pathogens causing infections of the central nervous system, lungs, sinuses and skin, mostly in immunocompromised humans. Balamuthia is also associated with disease in immunocompetent children, and Acanthamoeba spp. cause a sight-threatening infection, Acanthamoeba keratitis, mostly in contact-lens wearers. Of more than 30 species of Naegleria, only one species, N. fowleri, causes an acute and fulminating meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent children and young adults. In addition to human infections, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia and Naegleria can cause central nervous system infections in animals. Because only one human case of encephalitis caused by Sappinia diploidea is known, generalizations about the organism as an agent of disease are premature. In this review we summarize what is known of these free-living amoebae, focusing on their biology, ecology, types of disease and diagnostic methods. We also discuss the clinical profiles, mechanisms of pathogenesis, pathophysiology, immunology, antimicrobial sensitivity and molecular characteristics of these amoebae. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Chamblee Campus,F-36,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gsv1@cdc.gov NR 107 TC 404 Z9 417 U1 6 U2 61 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2007.00232.x PG 26 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 169FV UT WOS:000246579000001 PM 17428307 ER PT J AU Ge, H Tong, M Jiang, J Dasch, GA Richards, AL AF Ge, Hong Tong, Min Jiang, Ju Dasch, Gregory A. Richards, Allen L. TI Genotypic comparison of five isolates of Rickettsia prowazekii by multilocus sequence typing SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Rickettsia prowazekii; multilocus sequence typing; genotypes ID TYPHUS GROUP RICKETTSIAE; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; EPIDEMIC TYPHUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; INTRACYTOPLASMIC PROTEIN; FLYING SQUIRRELS; MADRID-E; GENE; STRAINS; FEVER AB Genetic traits of five Rickettsia prowazekii isolates, including the first from Africa and North America, and representatives from human and flying squirrels were compared using multilocus sequence typing. Four rickettsial genes encoding 17 kDa genus-common antigen (17 kDa gene), citrate synthase (gltA), OmpB immunodominant antigen (ompB) and 120 kDa cytoplasmic antigen (sca4) were examined. Sequence identities of 17 kDa gene and gltA were 100% among the isolates. Limited sequence diversity of ompB (0.02-0.11%) and sca4 (0.03-0.20%) was enough to distinguish the isolates, and evaluation of the combined four genes provided a method to easily differentiate R. prowazekii from other rickettsiae. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM richardsa@nmrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 271 IS 1 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00706.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 164NT UT WOS:000246241500018 PM 17419766 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Whichard, JM Scallan, E AF Gerner-Smidt, Peter Whichard, Jean M. Scallan, Elaine TI Foodborne disease trends and reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; GASTROENTERITIS; INFECTIONS; BURDEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.9998 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 185VS UT WOS:000247739100001 PM 17600480 ER PT J AU Vindigni, SM Srijan, A Wongstitwilairoong, B Marcus, R Meek, J Riley, PL Mason, C AF Vindigni, Stephen M. Srijan, Apichai Wongstitwilairoong, Boonchai Marcus, Ruthanne Meek, James Riley, Patricia L. Mason, Carl TI Prevalence of foodborne microorganisms in retail foods in Thailand SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; ARCOBACTER-BUTZLERI; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTER; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANIMAL ORIGIN; SPP.; RAW; SURVEILLANCE AB Worldwide, foodborne illness is often associated with consumption of meats and poultry products sold at retail markets. A cross-sectional retail food study was conducted in Bangkok, Thailand to assess the prevalence of bacterial pathogens on retail food samples. Raw chicken, beef, pork, and chicken eggs were purchased from fresh markets and supermarkets and tested for Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Arcobacter spp., and Enterococcus spp. Suspect bacterial pathogens were isolated by differential culture and Salmonella species were serotyped. A total of 200 samples were collected from 50 markets between May and August 2003. Of the 200 samples tested, 121 (61%) were positive for at least one Salmonella spp. serogroup. A total of 175 Salmonella spp. were isolated. The most common serotype was Salmonella Anatum, followed by S. Corvallis and S. Derby. Campylobacter spp. were found in 31 (15.5%) of 200 samples. C. jejuni was isolated from 15% of fresh market chicken samples and 35% of supermarket chicken samples. Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 42 (21%) samples; fresh market chicken had significantly higher A. butzleri contamination than supermarket chicken. The presence of Enterococcus spp., an indication of fecal contamination, was detected in 188 (94%) samples, including 100% of the beef and pork sources. Few studies have examined retail food contamination in Thailand. In particular, the high prevalence of samples with Arcobacter spp. warrants further study to determine pathogenicity. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. USA Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vindigni, SM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-28, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM stephen.vindigni@gmail.com RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811 NR 36 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 208 EP 215 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.0077 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 185VS UT WOS:000247739100009 PM 17600488 ER PT J AU Warnock, DW AF Warnock, David W. TI Coccidioides species as potential agents of bioterrorism SO FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioterrorism preparedness; Coccidioides species; coccidioidomycosis; public health; select agents ID IMMITIS AB Coccidioides species are soil fungi endemic to the southwestern USA, and parts of Central and South America. Natural infection occurs as a result of inhalation of airborne arthroconidia. There is a wide spectrum of clinical illness and, although most human cases are self-limiting and inconsequential, infection can result in severe effects and sometimes death. Both Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posodosii are potential bioterrorism agents. As such, in the USA and elsewhere, these organisms fall under stringent regulations that govern their possession, use and transfer. However, the public health consequences of their deliberate release among a susceptible civilian population are uncertain and most probably limited. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Warnock, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mialstop C 09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dwarnock@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1746-0913 J9 FUTURE MICROBIOL JI Future Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 2 IS 3 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.2217/17460913.2.3.277 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 205MB UT WOS:000249116900013 PM 17661702 ER PT J AU Bernstein, AB Remsburg, RE AF Bernstein, Amy B. Remsburg, Robin E. TI Estimated prevalence of people with cognitive impairment: Results from nationally representative community and institutional surveys SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE dementia; prevalence; limitation of activity; national surveys ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DEMENTIA AB Purpose: We address how the national prevalence of Cognitive impairment can be estimated from two nationally representative surveys. Design and Methods: Data are from the 1999-2001 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the 1999 National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS). The NHIS represents all community-dwelling people living in the United States, and the NNHS is representative of all nursing home residents. Results: NHIS data show that there are approximately 800,000 community-based elders aged 65 and older with reported confusion or memory loss, and 2.3 million elders with reported limitation of activity caused by senility or dementia. There are an estimated 632,000 nursing home residents aged 65 and older with a reported diagnosis of dementia. Implications: Estimates of the prevalence of cognitive impairment that are based on nationally representative data are rare, because comprehensively evaluating a national sample by using standard, validated cognitive-impairment assessment methods is difficult and expensive, and because most national surveys are broad based and designed to cover a wide variety of topics. Crude measures of cognitive impairment, such as the presence of confusion or memory loss or limitations caused by senility or dementia, that are included in these multipurpose surveys may be only rough proxies for clinically evaluated cognitive impairment, but they do appear to produce prevalence estimates that are similar to estimates found with the use of more precise case-ascertainment methods. These nationally representative data sets may be used to generate hypotheses related to the prevalence, epidemiology, and health care utilization patterns of people with cognitive impairment that can be tested in studies using more specific case-ascertainment criteria. C1 [Bernstein, Amy B.; Remsburg, Robin E.] CDC, Analyt Studies Branch, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Bernstein, AB (reprint author), CDC, Analyt Studies Branch, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6214, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM ABernstein@CDC.gov NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 350 EP 354 PG 5 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 272CR UT WOS:000253837100007 PM 17565098 ER PT J AU Friedman, AL Shepeard, H AF Friedman, Allison L. Shepeard, Hilda TI Exploring the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and communication preferences of the general public regarding HPV: Findings from CDC focus group research and implications for practice SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE human papillomavirus; HPV; health communication; health education; focus group research ID CERVICAL-CANCER; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; STIGMA AB Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States, causing genital warts, cervical cell abnormalities, and cervical cancer in women. To inform HPV education efforts, 35 focus groups were conducted with members of the general public, stratified by gender, race/ ethnicity, and urban/rural location. Focus groups explored participants' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about HPV and a hypothetical HPV vaccine as well as their communication preferences for HPV-related educational messages. Audience awareness and knowledge of HPV were low across all groups. This, along with an apparent STD-associated stigma, served as barriers to participants' hypothetical acceptance of a future vaccine. Although information about HPV's high prevalence and link to cervical cancer motivated participants to learn more about HPV, it also produced audience fear and anxiety. This research suggests that HPV- and HPV-vaccine-related education efforts must be approached with extreme caution. Other practical implications are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Friedman, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AFriedman@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 4 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 3 BP 471 EP 485 DI 10.1177/1090198106292022 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 172ZU UT WOS:000246844100004 PM 17000622 ER PT J AU Riley, PL Vindigni, SM Arudo, J Waudo, AN Kamenju, A Ngoya, J Oywer, EO Rakuom, CP Salmon, ME Kelley, M Rogers, M St Louis, ME Marum, LH AF Riley, Patricia L. Vindigni, Stephen M. Arudo, John Waudo, Agnes N. Kamenju, Andrew Ngoya, Japheth Oywer, Elizabeth O. Rakuom, Chris P. Salmon, Marla E. Kelley, Maureen Rogers, Martha St. Louis, Michael E. Marum, Lawrence H. TI Developing a nursing database system in Kenya SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Kenya; nurse; workforce; database; HRH; HIV/AIDS ID HUMAN-RESOURCES; HEALTH AB Objective. To describe the development, initial findings, and implications of a national nursing workforce database system in Kenya. Principal Findings. Creating a national electronic nursing workforce database provides more reliable information on nurse demographics, migration patterns, and workforce capacity. Data analyses are most useful for human resources for health (HRH) planning when workforce capacity data can be linked to worksite staffing requirements. As a result of establishing this database, the Kenya Ministry of Health has improved capability to assess its nursing workforce and document important workforce trends, such as out-migration. Current data identify the United States as the leading recipient country of Kenyan nurses. The overwhelming majority of Kenyan nurses who elect to out-migrate are among Kenya's most qualified. Conclusions. The Kenya nursing database is a first step toward facilitating evidence-based decision making in HRH. This database is unique to developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Establishing an electronic workforce database requires long-term investment and sustained support by national and global stakeholders. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Lillian Carter Ctr Int Nursing, Nell Hodgson Woodruff Sch Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Aga Khan Univ, Adv Nursing Studies Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. Avid Informat Technol Consultants, Nairobi, Kenya. Comp Act Networks, Nairobi, Kenya. Nursing Council Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. Emory Univ, Nell Hodgson Woodruff Sch Nursing, Dept Family & Community Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Riley, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Mail Stop E-41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 1389 EP 1405 DI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2007.00715.x PN 2 PG 17 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 163ZI UT WOS:000246201600008 PM 17489921 ER PT J AU Jin, Z Romero-Steiner, S Carlone, GM Robbins, JB Schneerson, R AF Jin, Zhigang Romero-Steiner, Sandra Carlone, George M. Robbins, John B. Schneerson, Rachel TI Haemophilus influenzae type a infection and its prevention SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Review ID HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; INVASIVE DISEASE; CAPSULAR TRANSFORMANTS; VIRULENCE; POLYSACCHARIDE; MENINGITIS; SEROTYPE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION C1 NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Robbins, JB (reprint author), NICHHD, NIH, Bldg 31,Room 2A29, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM robbinsjo@mail.nih.gov OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 BP 2650 EP 2654 DI 10.1128/IAI.01774-06 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 172SN UT WOS:000246824500001 PM 17353280 ER PT J AU Gilmore, RD Howison, RR Schmit, VL Nowalk, AJ Clifton, DR Nolder, C Hughes, JL Carroll, JA AF Gilmore, Robert D., Jr. Howison, Rebekah R. Schmit, Virginia L. Nowalk, Andrew J. Clifton, Dawn R. Nolder, Christi Hughes, Jessica L. Carroll, James A. TI Temporal expression analysis of the Borrelia burgdorferi paralogous gene SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; IMMUNOCOMPETENT MICE; ERP PROTEINS; IN-VITRO; TEMPERATURE; STABILITY; INFECTION; HOST AB Members of the Borrelia burgdorferi paralogous gene family 54 (pgf 54) are regulated by conditions simulating mammalian infection and are thought to be instrumental in borrelial host survival and pathogenesis. To explore the activities of these genes in vivo, a comprehensive analysis of pgf 54 genes BBA64, BBA65, and BBA66 was performed to assess the genetic stability, host antibody responses, and kinetics of gene expression in the murine model of persistent infection. DNA sequencing of pgf 54 genes obtained from reisolates at I year postinfection demonstrated that all genes of this family are stable and do not undergo recombination to generate variant antigens during persistent infection. Antibodies against BBA64 and BBA66 appeared soon after infection and were detectable throughout the infection, suggesting that there was gene expression during infection. However, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed that BBA64 gene expression was considerably decreased in Borrelia residing in the mouse ear tissue compared to the expression in cultured spirochetes by 20 days postinfection and that the levels of expression remained low throughout the infection. Conversely, transcription of the BBA65 and BBA66 genes was increased, and both of these genes were continuously expressed until 100 days postinfection; this was followed by periods of differential expression late in infection. The expression profile of the BBA64 gene suggests that this gene has an important role during tick-to-host transmission and early infection, whereas the expression profile of the BBA65 and BBA66 genes suggests that these genes have a role in persistent infection. The differential regulation of pgf 54 genes observed during infection may help confer a survival advantage during persistent infection, influencing mechanisms for B. burgdorferi dissemination, tissue tropism, or evasion of the adaptive immune response. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Gilmore, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd,CSU Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM rbg9@cdc.gov FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [CI 000181, U01 CI000181]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 055178, K22 AI055178]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD 042987, T32 HD042987] NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 BP 2753 EP 2764 DI 10.1128/IAI.00037-07 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 172SN UT WOS:000246824500012 PM 17371862 ER PT J AU Cosgrove, SE Patel, A Song, X Miller, RE Speck, K Banowetz, A Hadler, R Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Cardo, DM Srinivasan, A AF Cosgrove, Sara E. Patel, Alpa Song, Xiaoyan Miller, Robert E. Speck, Kathleen Banowetz, Amy Hadler, Rachel Sinkowitz-Cochran, Ronda L. Cardo, Denise M. Srinivasan, Arjun TI Impact of different methods of feedback to clinicians after postprescription antimicrobial review based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 12 steps to prevent antimicrobial resistance among hospitalized adults SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 09-12, 2005 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID ANTIBIOTIC CONTROL; OUTCOMES; EMERGENCE AB Objectives. To evaluate (1) the framework of the 12 Steps to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance Among Hospitalized Adults that is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings, with regard to steps addressing antimicrobial use; and (2) methods of feedback to clinicians regarding antimicrobial use after postprescription review. Design. Prospective intervention to identify and modify inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. Setting. A 1,000-bed, tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients. Inpatients in selected medicine and surgery units receiving broad-spectrum antimicrobials for 48-72 hours. Interventions. We created a computer-based clinical-event detection system that automatically identified inpatients taking broadspectrum and "reserve" antimicrobials for 48-72 hours. Although prior approval was required for initial administration of broad-spectrum and reserve antimicrobials, once approval was obtained, therapy with the antimicrobials could be continued indefinitely at the discretion of the treating clinician. Therapy that was ongoing at 48-72 hours was reviewed by an infectious diseases pharmacist or physician, and when indicated feedback was provided to clinicians to modify or discontinue therapy. Feedback was provided via a direct telephone call, a note on the front of the medical record, or text message sent to the clinician's pager. The acceptance rate of feedback was recorded and recommendations were categorized according to the 12 steps recommended by the CDC. Results. Interventions were recommended for 334 (30%) of 1,104 courses of antimicrobial therapy reviewed. A total of 87% of interventions fit into one of the CDC's 12 steps of prevention: 39% into step 3 ("target the pathogen"), 1% into step 4 ("access experts"), 3% into steps 7 and 8 ("treat infection, not colonization or contamination"), 18% into step 9 ("say 'no' to vancomycin"), and 26% into step 10 ("stop treatment when no infection"). The rate of compliance with recommendations to improve antimicrobial use was 72%. No differences in compliance were seen with the different methods of feedback. Conclusions. Nearly one-third of antimicrobial courses did not follow the CDC's recommended 12 steps for prevention of antimicrobial resistance. Clinicians demonstrated high compliance with following suggestions made after postprescription review, suggesting that it is a useful approach to decreasing and improving antimicrobial use among inpatients. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Louisville Hlth Care, Univ Hosp, Dept Pharm, Louisville, KY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cosgrove, SE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM scosgrol@jhmi.edu FU PHS HHS [UR8/CCU315092-05] NR 18 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0899-823X EI 1559-6834 J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 6 BP 641 EP 646 DI 10.1086/518345 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NQ UT WOS:000249121300001 PM 17520534 ER PT J AU Gurley, ES Montgomery, JM Hossain, MJ Islam, MR Molla, MAR Shamsuzzaman, SM Akram, K Zaman, K Asgari, N Comer, JA Azad, AK Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Breiman, RF AF Gurley, Emily S. Montgomery, Joel M. Hossain, M. Jahangir Islam, M. Rafiqul Molla, M. Abdur Rahim Shamsuzzaman, S. M. Akram, Kazi Zaman, Kamruz Asgari, Nima Comer, James A. Azad, Abul Kalam Rollin, Pierre E. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Breiman, Robert F. TI Risk of nosocomial transmission of Nipah virus in a Bangladesh hospital SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; ENCEPHALITIS OUTBREAK; ABATTOIR WORKERS; PIG-FARMERS; MALAYSIA; INFECTION AB We conducted a seroprevalence study and exposure survey of healthcare workers to assess the risk of nosocomial transmission of Nipah virus during an outbreak in Bangladesh in 2004. No evidence of recent Nipah virus infection was detected despite substantial exposures and minimal use of personal protective equipment. C1 ICDDRB, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Minist Hlth & Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh. WHO, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Gurley, ES (reprint author), ICDDRB, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Program Infect Dis & Vaccine Sci, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM egurley@icddrb.org RI Gurley, Emily/B-7903-2010 OI Gurley, Emily/0000-0002-8648-9403 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 6 BP 740 EP 742 DI 10.1086/516665 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205NQ UT WOS:000249121300020 PM 17520553 ER PT J AU Surrency, AB Graitcer, PL Henderson, AK AF Surrency, Amber B. Graitcer, Philip L. Henderson, Alden K. TI Key factors for civilian injuries and deaths from exploding landmines and ordnance SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB Objective: To identify risk factors for death or injury from landmines and ordnance in Kabul City, Afghanistan, so programs can target preventive actions. Methods: Active surveillance in hospitals and communities for injuries and deaths from landmine and ordnance explosions in Kabul City. Results: Of the 571 people the authors identified during the 25-month period, 161 suffered a traumatic amputation and 94 were killed from a landmine or ordnance explosion. Of those asked, 19% of victims had received mine awareness education before the incident, and of those, the majority was injured while handling or playing with an explosive device. Most victims were young males with a few years of education. The occupation types most at risk were students and laborers, and unemployment was common among the victims. Collecting wood or paper and playing with or handling an explosive were the most frequent activities associated with injuries and deaths. Conclusions: From May 1996 to July 1998, explosions from landmines and ordnance claimed 571 victims and were an important preventable cause of injury and death among people in Kabul City. Prevention strategies should focus on high-risk groups and changing risky behaviors, such as tampering with explosive devices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Injury Control, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Henderson, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MAil Stop E-31,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ahenderson@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1136/ip.2005.011304 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 178MO UT WOS:000247225000013 PM 17567978 ER PT J AU Haileyesus, T Annest, JL Dellinger, AM AF Haileyesus, Tadesse Annest, Joseph L. Dellinger, Ann M. TI Cyclists injured while sharing the road with motor vehicles SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB Objective: To provide national estimates of non-fatal cyclist injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments (EDs) resulting from an encounter with a motor vehicle (MV) on the road. Methods: Non-fatal injury data for 2001 - 4 from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program were analyzed. Results: An estimated 62 267 persons (21.5 per 100 000 population; 95% CI 14.3 to 28.7) were treated annually in US hospital EDs for unintentional non-fatal cyclist injuries involving an MV on the road. Among these cases, children aged 10 14 years (65.8 per 100 000) and males (35.3 per 100 000) had the highest injury rates. Many injuries involved the extremities (41.9%). The head was the primary body part affected for 38.6% of hospitalized/ transferred patients, of which about 84.7% had a principal diagnosis of a concussion or internal head injury. Conclusions: Effective road environmental interventions (eg, bicycle- friendly roadway design, intersections and crossings) along with efforts to promote safe personal behavior ( eg, helmet use and following rules of the road) are needed to help reduce injuries among cyclists while sharing the road. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30340 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Annest, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway MS K59, Atlanta, GA 30340 USA. EM lannest@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 202 EP 206 DI 10.1136/ip.2006.014019 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 178MO UT WOS:000247225000014 PM 17567979 ER PT J AU Luman, ET Worku, A Berhane, Y Martin, R Cairns, L AF Luman, Elizabeth T. Worku, Alemayehu Berhane, Yemane Martin, Rebecca Cairns, Lisa TI Comparison of two survey methodologies to assess vaccination coverage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPI cluster survey; systematic random sampling; sampling methodology; vaccination coverage survey; Ethiopia; measles; routine vaccinations ID IMPROVE IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION AB Background Measuring vaccination coverage permits evaluation and appropriate targeting of vaccination services. The cluster survey methodology developed by the World Health Organization, known as the 'Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) methodology', has been used worldwide to assess vaccination coverage; however, the manner in which households are selected has been criticized by survey statisticians as lacking methodological rigor and introducing bias. Methods Thirty clusters were selected from an urban (Ambo) and a rural (Yaya-Gulelena D/Libanos) district of Ethiopia; vaccination coverage surveys were conducted using both EPI sampling and systematic random sampling (SystRS) of households. Chi-square tests were used to compare results from the two methodologies; relative feasibility of the sampling methodologies was assessed. Results Vaccination coverage from a recent measles campaign among children aged 6 months through 14 years was high: 95% in Ambo (both methodologies), 91 and 94% (SystRS and EPI sampling, respectively, P-value = 0.05) in Yaya-Gulelena D/Libanos. Coverage with routine vaccinations among children aged 12-23 months was < 20% in both districts; in Ambo, EPI sampling produced consistently higher estimates of routine coverage than SystRS. Differences between the two methods were found in demographic characteristics and recent health histories. Average time required to complete a cluster was 16h for EPI sampling and 17 h for SystRS; total cost was equivalent. Interviewers reported slightly more difficulty conducting SystRS. Conclusions Because of the methodological advantages and demonstrated feasibility, SystRS would be preferred to EPI sampling in most situations. Validating results in additional settings is recommended. C1 Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Luman, ET (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ECL7@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 633 EP 641 DI 10.1093/ije/dym025 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 205FD UT WOS:000249098500033 PM 17420165 ER PT J AU Southwick, KL Tikhonova, LI Salakhov, EG Shakarishvili, A Ryan, C Hillis, S AF Southwick, K. L. Tikhonova, L. I. Salakhov, E. G. Shakarishvili, A. Ryan, C. Hillis, S. TI Barriers to prenatal care and poor pregnancy outcomes among women with syphilis in the Russian Federation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE syphilis; HIV; Russian Federation; prenatal care ID CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS AB We studied predictors of no prenatal care (PNC) and influence of no PNC on pregnancy outcome in a multisite study of 1071 women with syphilis in Russia. We assessed PNC utilization, HIV testing, syphilis treatment, and pregnancy outcome. We found that 37% of women with syphilis received no PNC, and 1% was HIV infected. Lacking official residency status was independently related to no PNC (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 8.1; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 5.3-12.3). Among women with inadequately treated current syphilis, those without PNC were more likely to have a stillborn infant than those with PNC (25% vs. 3%, odds ratio [OR] 9.5, 95% CI 4.0-23.5). Women with adequately treated current syphilis and no IPNC were more likely to deliver a low birth weight (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.8-8.1) or preterm infant (OR 3.9; 95%CI 1.8-8.7). Women with previous or current syphilis and no PNC were significantly more likely to abandon their infants. C1 Bur Communicable Dis Control, Metropolitan Reg Area Off, NY State Dept Hlth, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. Cent Res Inst Skin & Venereal Dis, Minist Hlth & Social Dev, Moscow, Russia. Joint United Nat Programme AIDS, Kiev, Ukraine. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Southwick, KL (reprint author), Bur Communicable Dis Control, Metropolitan Reg Area Off, NY State Dept Hlth, 145 Huguenot St,Suite 500, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. EM kis08@health.state.ny.us NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 6 BP 392 EP 395 DI 10.1258/095646207781024748 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 188EX UT WOS:000247903200007 PM 17609028 ER PT J AU Leeb, RT Barker, LE Strine, TW AF Leeb, Rebecca T. Barker, Lawrence E. Strine, Tara W. TI The effect of childhood physical and sexual abuse on adolescent weapon carrying SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE physical abuse; sexual abuse; weapon carrying; adolescence; gender differences ID UNITED-STATES; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; VIOLENCE EXPOSURE; NATIONAL-SURVEY; RISK-FACTORS; BEHAVIOR; YOUTH; MALTREATMENT; VICTIMIZATION; DELINQUENCY AB Purpose: To examine the link and explore a potential association between physical and sexual abuse and weapon carrying in a sample of youth. Weapon carrying has been linked to the perpetration of serious violence in youth. Ample evidence associates child maltreatment with the perpetration of delinquent and violent behavior, but there is little research on the relationship between child maltreatment and weapon carrying. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data collected from students in a large survey of high-risk youth (n = 3487). Propensity score stratification was used to approximate a randomized experimental design to examine the effect of physical and sexual abuse on youth-reported weapon and firearm carrying. Results: Approximately 25% of weapon carrying by girls was attributable to sexual abuse in early childhood. We found no relationship between sexual abuse and weapon carrying for boys. The association between physical abuse and weapon carrying was less robust and no gender difference was detected. Conclusions: Results indicate that exposure to certain forms of early childhood maltreatment may increase the probability of weapon carrying in adolescence, particularly for females. Sexual abuse prevention and intervention programs should incorporate personal safety alternatives to weapon carrying, and clinicians should be aware that sexually abused girls are at greater risk for weapon carrying than other maltreated youth. (c) 2007 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Leeb, RT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RSL4@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X EI 1879-1972 J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 6 BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.01.006 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 174FA UT WOS:000246925900010 PM 17531762 ER PT J AU Mawhinney, DB Hamelin, EI Fraser, R Silva, SS Pavlopoulos, AJ Kobelski, RJ AF Mawhinney, Douglas B. Hamelin, Elizabeth I. Fraser, Rheaclare Silva, Sathya S. Pavlopoulos, Antonis J. Kobelski, Robert J. TI The determination of organophosphonate nerve agent metabolites in human urine by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hydrophilic interaction chromatography; HILIC chromatography; LC/MS/MS; organophosphorus nerve agents; nerve agent metabolites; chemical warfare agent; chemical terrorism ID CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; SARIN; ACIDS; BUTYLDIMETHYLSILYLATION; PEPTIDES AB A sensitive, robust isotope dilution LC/MS/MS method is presented for the quantitative analysis of human urine for the alkyl methylphosphonic acid metabolites of five organophosphorus nerve agents (VX, rVX or VR, GB or Sarin, GD or Soman, and GF or Cyclosarin). The selective sample preparation method employs non-bonded silica solid-phase extraction and is partially automated. While working with a mobile phase composition that enhances the electrospray ionization process, the hydrophilic interaction chromatography method results in a 5-min injection-to-injection cycle time, excellent peak shapes and adequate retention (k' = 3.1). These factors lead to limits of detection for these metabolites as low as 30 pg/mL in a 1-mL sample of human urine. The quality control data (15 and 75 ng/mL) demonstrate accurate (-0.5 to +3.4%) and precise (coefficients of variation of 2.1-3.6%) quantitative results over the clinically relevant urine concentration range of 1-200 ng/mL for a validation set of 20 standard and quality control sets prepared by five analysts over 54 days. The selectivity of the method is demonstrated for a 100-individual reference range study, as well as the analysis of relevant biological samples. The combined sample preparation and analysis portions of this method have a throughput of 288 samples per day. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci Emergency Response & Air Toxicants, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Program Biomed Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Georgia Tech Univ, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Mawhinney, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci Emergency Response & Air Toxicants, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-44, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dmawhinney@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 852 IS 1-2 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.01.023 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 179JV UT WOS:000247286700033 PM 17289448 ER PT J AU Sue, D Marston, CK Hoffmaster, AR Wilkins, PP AF Sue, David Marston, Chung K. Hoffmaster, Alex R. Wilkins, Patricia P. TI Genetic diversity in a Bacillus anthracis historical collection (1954 to 1988) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN GENE; TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; TOXIN GENES; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; VARIABILITY; BACTERIA; SEQUENCE AB Bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax, has been widely described as a genetically monomorphic species. We used both multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and pagA gene sequencing to determine the genetic diversity of a historical collection of B. anthracis isolates collected from the 1950s to the 1980s from various geographic locations and sources. We sequenced the pagA gene of 124 diverse B. anthracis isolates and found all previously identified B. anthracis pagA types except type 4. Sixty-three of the 124 B. anthracis strains were identified as pagA type 6, while 44 were pagA type 5, 12 were pagA type 1, and individual isolates were identified for types 2 and 3, respectively. Two new pagA genotypes were discovered in three environmental isolates within the historical collection. Two isolates had the same new genotype, and an additional isolate produced a second new genotype. MLVA detected 22 previously described genotypes in the historical collection. In addition, 33 new MLVA genotypes were found. For 11 isolates, an MLVA genotype could not be assigned because one or more alleles did not amplify. While only two additional B. anthracis pagA types were identified, in two instances, the use of pagA sequencing discriminated isolates with the same MLVA genotype. MLVA revealed that 39 of the 124 isolates were previously undocumented genotypes and that 1 isolate was found to be in the C cluster when it was subtyped by MLVA. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wilkins, PP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PWilkins@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1777 EP 1782 DI 10.1128/JCM.02488-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 179JT UT WOS:000247286500017 PM 17392445 ER PT J AU Espinel-Ingroff, A Arthington-Skaggs, B Iqbal, N Ellis, D Pfaller, MA Messer, S Rinaldi, M Fothergill, A Gibbs, DL Wang, A AF Espinel-Ingroff, A. Arthington-Skaggs, B. Iqbal, N. Ellis, D. Pfaller, M. A. Messer, S. Rinaldi, M. Fothergill, A. Gibbs, D. L. Wang, A. TI Multicenter evaluation of a new disk agar diffusion method for susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi with voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO ACTIVITIES; BROTH MICRODILUTION; ASPERGILLUS SPP.; FLUCONAZOLE; CANDIDA; MOLDS; ASSAY AB The purpose of this study was to correlate inhibition zone diameters, in millimeters (agar diffusion disk method), with the broth dilution MICs or minimum effective concentrations (MECs) (CLSI M38-A method) of five antifungal agents to identify optimal testing guidelines for disk mold testing. The following disk diffusion testing parameters were evaluated for 555 isolates of the molds Absidia corymbifera,Aspergillus sp. (five species), Alternaria sp., Bipolaris spicifera, Fusarium sp. (three species), Mucor sp. (two species), Paecilomyces lilacinus, Rhizopus sp. (two species), and Scedosporium sp. (two species): (i) two media (supplemented Mueller-Hinton agar [2% dextrose and 0.5 mu g/ml methylene blue] and plain Mueller-Hinton [MH] agar), (ii) three incubation times (16 to 24, 48, and 72 h), and (iii) seven disks (amphotericin B and itraconazole 10-mu g disks, voriconazole 1- and 10-mu g disks, two sources of caspofungin 5-mu g disks [BBL and Oxoid], and posaconazole 5-mu g disks). MH agar supported better growth of all of the species tested (24 to 48 h). The reproducibility of zone diameters and their correlation with either MICs or MECs (caspofungin) were superior on MH agar (91 to 100% versus 82 to 100%; R, 0.71 to 0.93 versus 0.53 to 0.96 for four of the five agents). Based on these results, the optimal testing conditions for mold disk diffusion testing were (i) plain MH agar; (ii) incubation times of 16 to 24 h (zygomycetes), 24 h (Aspergillus fiumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger), and 48 h (other species); and (iii) the posaconazole 5-mu g disk, voriconazole 1-mu g disk, itraconazole 10-mu g disk (for all except zygomycetes), BBL caspofungin 5-mu g disk, and amphotericin B 10-mu g (zygomycetes only). C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Ctr, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Womens & Childrens Hosp, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Giles Sci Inc, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Espinel-Ingroff, A (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Ctr, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM avingrof@vcu.edu RI Ellis, David/B-3677-2011 NR 21 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1811 EP 1820 DI 10.1128/JCM.00134-07 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 179JT UT WOS:000247286500023 PM 17428932 ER PT J AU Tang, YW Kilic, A Yang, Q McAllister, SK Li, H Miller, RS McCormac, M Tracy, KD Stratton, CW Han, J Limbago, B AF Tang, Yi-Wei Kilic, Abdullah Yang, Qunying McAllister, Sigrid K. Li, Haijing Miller, Rebecca S. McCormac, Melinda Tracy, Karen D. Stratton, Charles W. Han, Jian Limbago, Brandi TI StaphPlex system for rapid and simultaneous identification of antibiotic resistance determinants and Panton-Valentine leukoci in detection of staphylococci from positive blood cultures SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; REAL-TIME PCR; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; MECA GENE; AUREUS; COMMUNITY; BOTTLES; ASSAY AB Phenotypic methods take several days for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of staphylococcal isolates after gram-positive cocci in clusters (GPCC) are observed in positive blood cultures. We developed and validated a StaphPlex system that amplifies and detects 18 gene targets simultaneously in I reaction for species-level identification of staphylococci, detection of genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and antimicrobial resistance determinants of staphylococci. The StaphPlex system was compared to phenotypic methods for organism identification and antimicrobial resistance detection for positive blood culture specimens in which GPCC were observed. Among a total of 360 GPCC specimens, 273 (75.8%), 37 (10.3%), 37 (10.3%), 1 (0.3%), 3 (0.8%), and 9 (2.5%) were identified by StaphPlex as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), or mixed infections of CoNS and MRSA, CoNS and MSSA, or nonstaphylococci, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 91.7%. The 277 CoNS-containing specimens were further identified to the species level as containing 203 (73.3%) Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates, 10 (3.6%) Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates, 27 (9.7%) Staphylococcus hominis isolates, 1 (0.4%) Staphylococcus lugdunensis isolate, and 36 (13.0%) other CoNS isolates, with an overall accuracy of 80.1% compared to an API STAPH test and CDC reference identification. Numerous very major errors were noticed when detection of aacA, ermA, ermC, tetM, and tetK was used to predict in vitro antimicrobial resistance, but relatively few major errors were observed when the absence of these genes was used to predict susceptibility. The StaphPlex system demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity, ranging from 95.5% to 100.0% when used for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing and PVL detection. StaphPlex provides simultaneous staphylococcal identification and detection of PVL and antimicrobial resistance determinants within 5 h, significantly shortening the time needed for phenotypic identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Genaco Biomed Prod Inc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tang, YW (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Mol Infect Dis Lab, 4605 TVC, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM yiwei.tang@vanderbilt.edu NR 43 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1867 EP 1873 DI 10.1128/JCM.02100-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 179JT UT WOS:000247286500030 PM 17446323 ER PT J AU Goering, RV McDougal, LK Fosheim, GE Bonnstetter, KK Wolter, DJ Tenover, FC AF Goering, Richard V. McDougal, Linda K. Fosheim, Greg E. Bonnstetter, Kristin K. Wolter, Daniel J. Tenover, Fred C. TI Epidemiologic distribution of the arginine catabolic mobile element among selected methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY; CLONE; DISSEMINATION; INFECTIONS; SEQUENCE AB We tested 214 Staphylococcus aureus isolates for the arcA locus of the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). All USA300 SCCmec IVa isolates, but no isolates containing other SCCmec subtypes, were arcA positive. arcA was also detected in selected methicillin-susceptible USA300 and methicillin-resistant USA100 isolates. DNA sequence analysis confirmed the integration of ACME in orfX. C1 Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Goering, RV (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. EM rgoeri@creighton.edu OI Goering, Richard/0000-0001-7502-7185 NR 21 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1981 EP 1984 DI 10.1128/JCM.00273-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 179JT UT WOS:000247286500050 PM 17409207 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Cama, VA Cabrera, L Ortega, Y Pearson, J Gilman, RH AF Xiao, Lihua Cama, Vitaliano A. Cabrera, Lilia Ortega, Ynes Pearson, Julie Gilman, Robert H. TI Possible transmission of Cryptosporidium canis among children and a dog in a household SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPORADIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; VETERINARY STUDENTS; OUTBREAK; CALVES; INFECTIONS; COMMUNITY; DIARRHEA; WEST; HIV AB In a longitudinal cohort diarrhea study, a girl living in Lima, Peru, and her brother and dog were diagnosed with Cryptosporidium canis infections during the same period. Both children had transient diarrhea, but the dog was asymptomatic. This is the first report of possible transmission of cryptosporidiosis between humans and dogs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Asoc Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5P01AI051976, P01 AI051976, R21 AI 059661, R21 AI059661] NR 19 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2014 EP 2016 DI 10.1128/JCM.00503-07 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 179JT UT WOS:000247286500060 PM 17442794 ER PT J AU Parvaneh, N Shahmahmoudi, S Tabatabai, H Zahraei, M Mousavi, T Esteghamati, AR Gooya, MM Mamishi, S Nategh, R Kew, OM AF Parvaneh, Nima Shahmahmoudi, Shohreh Tabatabai, Hamideh Zahraei, Mohsen Mousavi, Taha Esteghamati, Abdol-Reza Gooya, Mohammad M. Mamishi, Setareh Nategh, Rakhshandeh Kew, Olen M. TI Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in a patient with MHC class II deficiency SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE major histocompatibility class II deficiency; vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis ID UNITED-STATES; CHILD; AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; STRAINS AB Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is a rare complication of oral polio vaccine. We describe a fatal case of VAPP in an 8-month-old boy with Major Histocompatibility Class II deficiency. The isolated poliovirus was a Sabin type 2-type 1 recombinant that showed 1.4% VPI divergence from Sabin type 2. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Infect Dis Res Ctr, Tehran 14194, Iran. Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Natl Polio Lab, Tehran, Iran. Univ Tehran Med Sci, Publ Hlth Res Inst, Tehran, Iran. Minist Hlth Islam Republ Iran, Dis Managing Ctr, Tehran, Iran. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mamishi, S (reprint author), Univ Tehran Med Sci, Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Infect Dis Res Ctr, 62 Gharib St, Tehran 14194, Iran. EM smamishi@sina.tums.ac.ir NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 145 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.04.002 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 182MU UT WOS:000247509500014 PM 17509935 ER PT J AU Henry, JP Williamson, DM Schiffer, R Wagner, L Shire, J Garabedian, M AF Henry, Judy P. Williamson, Dhelia M. Schiffer, Randolph Wagner, Laurie Shire, Jeffrey Garabedian, Matthew TI Investigation of a cluster of multiple sclerosis in two elementary school cohorts SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; LEAD AB The authors investigated a cluster of multiple sclerosis (MS) among people who had attended two elementary schools in El Paso, Texas, from 1948 through 1970. The community was concerned about the possibility of childhood exposure to heavy metals from a large nearby smelter because historical environmental and biologic sampling data demonstrated the potential for study cohort members to have been exposed to heavy metals during their pre-adolescent years. One cohort had no reported cases of MS. In the second cohort, 22 members self-reported a diagnosis of MS, and 16 of these cases were confirmed as MS by an independent board-certified neurologist. The crude MS prevalence estimate was 411 per 100,000 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 197-603). Prevalence estimates from four different populations were used for calculation of standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs). At the extremes, the study cohort represents a deficit of cases (SMR= 0.9; 95 percent CI = 0.51-1.44) or a four-fold excess (SMR = 4.0; 95 percent CI = 2.29-6.5). C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Williamson, DM (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM djw8@cdc.gov FU NCCIH NIH HHS [U50/ATU602898-12] NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 69 IS 10 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 172SU UT WOS:000246825300003 PM 17583294 ER PT J AU Williamson, DM Henry, JP Schiffer, R Wagner, L AF Williamson, Dhelia M. Henry, Judy P. Schiffer, Randolph Wagner, Laurie TI Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in 19 Texas counties, 1998-2000 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MEXICO AB The study reported here determined the prevalence of multiple slerosis (MS) between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2000, for a 19-county study area surrounding Lubbock, Texas. The primary data source for case asecertainment was medical records from the offices of neurologists practicing in the study are. The study found that the overall prevalence for the 19-county study area was 42.8 per 100,000 population (95 percent CI = 36.8-49.5). The prevalence estimate for females was 68.6 per 100,000 (95 percent CI = 58.0-80.6), and for males it was 16.6 per 100,000 (95 percent CI = 11.6-23.1). The prevalence estimate for non-Hispanic whites was 56.0 per 100,000 (95 percent CI = 47.1-66.1); the next highest prevalence was among non-Hispanic blacks at 22.1 per 100,000 (95 percent CI = 8.1-48.1), and Hispanics at 11.2 per 100,000 (95 percent a 6.4-18.2). This project generated the first Texas-specific population-based MS prevalence estimates, including prevalence estimates specific to Hispanics and blacks in Texas. The results underscore the need for additional epidemiologic information on the distribution of MS in other areas of Texas and the United States, as well as inforamtion on the underlying etiology of the disease. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Williamson, DM (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM djw8@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 69 IS 10 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 172SU UT WOS:000246825300004 PM 17583295 ER PT J AU Sirigulpanit, W Kinney, RM Leardkamolkarn, V AF Sirigulpanit, Wipawan Kinney, Richard M. Leardkamolkarn, Vijittra TI Substitution or deletion mutations between nt 54 and 70 in the 5 ' non-coding region of dengue type 2 virus produce variable effects on virus viability SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATION MARKERS; NONCODING REGION; VACCINE VIRUS; RNA-SYNTHESIS; PDK-53 VIRUS; STRAIN 16681; GENOME AB A C57U nucleotide mutation in a predicted RNA stem structure (nt 11-16/56-61) of the 5' non-coding region (5'NCR) of dengue 2 (DEN-2) 16681 virus is partially attenuating, but unstable during serial passage of certain candidate DEN-2 PDK-53-based vaccine viruses containing this mutation. Here, 11 different mutations (one or more point substitution and/or deletion) between nt 54 and 70 in the 5'NCR of the pD2/IC-30P-A (116681) infectious clone are described. Four mutants were infectious. Three mutants with single point substitutions replicated well in cell culture and exhibited variable neurovirulence in mice, Constructs containing multiple substitutions or any deletions failed to produce infectious viruses. Unexpectedly, a double C57U+G58C mutant replicated as efficiently as D2/IC-30P-A virus, and was more neurovirulent for newborn ICR mice. Thus, despite its predicted additional disruption of the RNA stem structure, the engineered contiguous secondary G58C mutation caused reversion of the partially attenuated phenotype caused by the 5'NCR-C57U mutation. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Anat, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Ctr Vectors & Vector Bone Dis, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Leardkamolkarn, V (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Anat, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM scvlk@mahidol.ac.th NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 88 BP 1748 EP 1752 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82455-0 PN 6 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 176LZ UT WOS:000247087900013 PM 17485535 ER PT J AU Brown, S Kurtsikashvili, G Alonso-Echanove, J Ghadua, M Ahmeteli, L Bochoidze, T Shushtakashvili, M Eremin, S Tsertsvadze, E Imnadze, P O'Rourke, E AF Brown, S. Kurtsikashvili, G. Alonso-Echanove, J. Ghadua, M. Ahmeteli, L. Bochoidze, T. Shushtakashvili, M. Eremin, S. Tsertsvadze, E. Imnadze, P. O'Rourke, E. TI Prevalence and predictors of surgical site infection in Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia SO JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION LA English DT Article DE surgical site infection; epidemiology; prophylaxis ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; WOUND INFECTIONS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRY; ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; SURVEILLANCE METHODS; HAIR-REMOVAL; CARE; PREVENTION; RATES; DEFINITIONS AB Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a serious problem worldwide. Little is known about the epidemiology of SSI in the former Soviet Union. In order to determine the prevalence and predictors of SSI in the Republic of Georgia, we undertook a multicentre observational study of SSIs in three urban hospitals in the capital., Tbilisi. Point prevalence studies (PPS) were performed every 3-5 weeks from September 2000 to January 2002 using the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System definitions. All patients who had undergone surgery and were present in participating departments at study hospitals on the day of PPS were included. Of 872 surgical procedures, 146 (16.7%) were complicated by SSI. The prevalence of SSI varied by procedure and risk category. On multivariate regression analysis, age, wound class, one hospital (B) and urological surgery were predictive of SSI. In a separate model., NNIS risk index was highly predictive of SSI. Antibiotic prophylaxis was rare (29.5% of operations), while postoperative antibiotic use was common. SSI is an important problem in the Republic of Georgia. Potential areas for intervention include antibiotic prophylaxis and shaving practices for skin preparation. (C) 2007 The Hospital Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Natl Ctr Dis Control, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tbilisi State Univ, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Natl Ctr Surg, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Mechnikov State Med Acad, St Petersburg, Russia. Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Resp Crit Care & Occupat Pulm Med, Wintrobe 701,26 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM Samuel.Brown@hsc.utah.edu OI Eremin, Sergey/0000-0002-0486-3255 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0195-6701 J9 J HOSP INFECT JI J. Hosp. Infect. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 66 IS 2 BP 160 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.03.007 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 185PX UT WOS:000247724000010 PM 17513010 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JM Ksiazek, TG Khan, AS AF Montgomery, Joel M. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Khan, Ali S. TI Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: The sound of a mouse roaring SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; ANDES-VIRUS; SOUTHERN ARGENTINA; DISEASE EMERGENCE; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PUBLIC-HEALTH; OUTBREAK; EVOLUTION; ZOONOSIS; ANIMALS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khan, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop A-26,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ask0@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 11 BP 1553 EP 1555 DI 10.1086/516793 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163ZA UT WOS:000246200700001 PM 17471422 ER PT J AU Liu, H Rodes, B George, R Steiner, B AF Liu, Hsi Rodes, Berta George, Robert Steiner, Bret TI Molecular characterization and analysis of a gene encoding the acidic repeat protein (Arp) of Treponema pallidum SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; FIBRONECTIN RECEPTORS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; STREPTOCOCCI; EVOLUTION; VIRULENCE; BACTERIAL; RESIDUES AB The acidic repeat protein (arp) genes from three subspecies of the treponeme Treponema pallidum (T pallidum subsp. pallidum, Nichols strain; T pallidum subsp. pertenue, CDC-1 and CDC-2 strains; and T pallidum subsp. endemicum, Bosnia A strain) were cloned and sequenced. The predicted protein sequence contained a high percentage of glutamic acid, hence the name acidic repeat protein, or Arp. The protein had a potential membrane-spanning domain and a signal peptidase I site. The gene from the Nichols strain of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum contained a set of 14 nearly identical repeats of a 60 bp sequence, which occupied similar to 51% of the length of the gene. Analyses of arp from laboratory strains showed that the 5' and 3' ends of the genes were conserved, but there was considerable heterogeneity in the number of repeats of this 60 bp sequence. Based on amino acid variations, the 14 sequence repeats could be classified into three types, which were named type I, type II and type III repeats. The type II repeat was the most common in the strains examined. The arp gene of the Nichols strain was subsequently cloned into the expression vector pBAD/TOPO ThioFusion. The expressed protein was detected in a Western blot assay using rabbit immune sera produced against T pallidum, or synthetic peptides derived from the repeat sequences. Using an ELISA, rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test-positive sera reacted with synthetic peptides derived from the repeat region but not with peptides derived from N and C termini of the Arp protein. These results show that the Arp protein is immunogenic and could prove to be a useful target for serological diagnosis of T pallidum infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB P, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hosp Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB P, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hcl6@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 56 IS 6 BP 715 EP 721 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.46943-0 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 178PR UT WOS:000247233100002 PM 17510254 ER PT J AU Blossom, DB Beigi, RH Farrell, JJ Mackay, W Qadadri, B Brown, DR Rwambuya, S Walker, CJ Kambugu, FS Abdul-Karim, FW Whalen, CC Salata, RA AF Blossom, D. B. Beigi, R. H. Farrell, J. J. Mackay, W. Qadadri, B. Brown, D. R. Rwambuya, S. Walker, C. J. Kambugu, F. S. Abdul-Karim, F. W. Whalen, C. C. Salata, R. A. TI Human papillomavirus genotypes associated with cervical cytologic abnormalities and HIV infection in Ugandan women SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE human papillomavirus (HPV); human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); HPV genotypes; cervical cytologic abnormalities; cervical cancer ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INCREASED RISK; AFRICAN WOMEN; CANCER; HPV; PREVALENCE; VACCINE; LESIONS; IMPACT AB Human papillornavirus (HPV) infection is associated with almost all cases of cervical cancer, and cervical cancer is a common malignancy in women living in developing countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HPV infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and cervical cytologic abnormalities in women presenting to a sexually transmitted infections clinic in Kampala, Uganda. In June and July, 2002, 135 women underwent complete physical exams including Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. HIV status was evaluated by serology. Cervical and vaginal swabs were obtained by clinicians and tested for HPV genotypes by PCR/reverse blot strip assay. Of the 106 women with cervical swabs adequate for HPV testing, the HPV prevalence was 46.2% (49/106). HIV prevalence was 34.9% (37/106). High risk genotypes 52, 58, and 16 were the genotypes detected most commonly. Eighteen percent (9/49) of women infected with HPV were found to have genotypes 16 and/or 18. Seventy-three percent (27/37) of HIV-positive women versus 16% (10/63) of HIV-negative women had abnormal Pap smears (P < 0.0001). Among HIV-positive women, abnormal Pap smears were associated with the presence of high risk HPV genotypes (P < 0.001). The majority of women infected with HPV attending this sexually transmitted infections clinic in Uganda were infected with high risk HPV genotypes other than 16 and 18. Future studies should focus on whether current HPV vaccine formulations, that are limited to high risk genotypes 16 and 18, would be effective at decreasing the burden of cervical cancer in this population. J. Med. Virol. 79:758-765, 2007. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Metrohlth Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Kampala, Uganda. Ugandan Natl Sexually Transmitted Dis Referral Ct, Kampala, Uganda. RP Blossom, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-35, Atlanta, GA USA. EM david_blossom@hotmail.com FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW000011-20, D43 TW000011] NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 79 IS 6 BP 758 EP 765 DI 10.1002/jmv.20817 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 163MM UT WOS:000246164000015 PM 17457908 ER PT J AU Sriram, K O'Callaghan, JP AF Sriram, Krishnan O'Callaghan, James P. TI Divergent roles for tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the brain SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE brain; brain injury; cytokines; microglia; neurodegeneration; neurotoxicity; region specificity; TNF-alpha; tumor necrosis factor ID NF-KAPPA-B; FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; HIV-ASSOCIATED DEMENTIA; CLOSED-HEAD INJURY; METHAMPHETAMINE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; EXCITOTOXIC NEURONAL DAMAGE; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM AB Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Prominent among such factors is the pleiotropic cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Under normal physiological conditions, TNF-alpha orchestrates a diverse array of functions involved in immune surveillance and defense, cellular homeostasis, and protection against certain neurological insults. However, paradoxical effects of this cytokine have been observed. TNF-a is elicited in the brain following injury (ischemia, trauma), infection (HIV, meningitis), neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), and chemically induced neurotoxicity. The multifarious identity for this cytokine appears to be influenced by several mechanisms. Among the most prominent are the regulation of TNF alpha-induced NF-KB activation by adapter proteins such as TRADD and TRAF, and second, the heterogeneity of microglia and their distribution pattern across brain regions. Here, we review the differential role of TNF-a in response to brain injury, with emphasis on neurodegeneration, and discuss the possible mechanisms for such diverse and region-specific effects. C1 Ctr Dis Control, NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Sriram, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willoedale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jdo5@cdc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 175 TC 130 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1890 J9 J NEUROIMMUNE PHARM JI J. Neuroimmune Pharm. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 BP 140 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s11481-007-9070-6 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 201ZA UT WOS:000248869900004 PM 18040839 ER PT J AU Syamlal, G Doney, B Bang, KM Greskevitch, M Groce, D Ganocy, S Hoffman, W AF Syamlal, Girija Doney, Brent Bang, Ki Moon Greskevitch, Mark Groce, Dennis Ganocy, Stephen Hoffman, William TI Medical fitness evaluation for respirator users: Results of a national survey of private sector employers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLEARANCE; RATES AB Objective: To provide information on medical evaluation procedures for respirator use in private sector establishments. Methods: In 2001, data on respirator use and practices were collected in a survey of private sector establishments. Results: Of establishments where respirators were required, 46% did not evaluate employees' medical fitness. Evaluations for fitness increased with establishment size, ranging from 35% in small establishments (1-10 workers) to 95% in large establishments ( >= 1000 workers). Questionnaire with a follow-up examination, as needed, was the most common method of evaluating medical fitness (48%). Conclusions: Results suggest that about half of all private sector establishments where respirators are required do not comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration requirements for medical fitness evaluations. Improved awareness among employers and workers and identification of methods to increase medical evaluation practices, especially among smaller establishments, is needed. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EG&G Tech Serv Inc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Syamlal, G (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop HG-900-2, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM gsyamlal@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 6 BP 691 EP 699 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318076b7d1 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 179MP UT WOS:000247294200013 PM 17563613 ER PT J AU Balamurugan, A Rivera, M Sutphin, K Campbell, D AF Balamurugan, Appathurai Rivera, Mark Sutphin, Kim Campbell, Debbie TI Health communications in rural America: Lessons learned from an arthritis campaign in rural Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CARE; EXERCISE; ACCESS AB Context: Lack of awareness about diseases and associated risk factors could partially account for some rural health disparities. Health communications campaigns can be an effective means of increasing awareness in these areas. Purpose: To review findings and lessons learned from a rural health communications campaign. Methods: The health communications campaign titled "Physical Activity. The Arthritis Pain Reliever," developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was implemented in a rural Arkansas county to promote awareness about arthritis and the beneficial effects of physical activity among residents 45-64 years of age with arthritis. The campaign was implemented through radio spots, print ads in local newspapers, and distribution of brochures and posters. A survey of 193 residents with arthritis assessed the reach of the campaign. Findings: Whereas 86% of respondents reported having seen or heard the messages related to arthritis during the 13-week period of the campaign, only 11% recalled messages from the "Physical Activity. The Arthritis Pain Reliever" campaign. Challenges faced during campaign implementation included limited fiscal resources, distrust, and staff and time constraints. Conclusion: Challenges to health communications campaigns in rural areas can decrease campaign reach and effectiveness. If resource constraints exist, leveraging partnerships and building trust among residents of the community are important for achieving campaign success. C1 Arkansas Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Little Rock, AR USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Fay W Boozman Coll Publ Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Balamurugan, A (reprint author), Arkansas Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Little Rock, AR USA. EM abalamurugan@uams.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD SUM PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 270 EP 275 DI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2007.00101.x PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 178FE UT WOS:000247205800012 PM 17565529 ER PT J AU Redd, JT Voorhees, RE Torok, TJ AF Redd, John T. Voorhees, Ronald E. Torok, Thomas J. TI Outbreak of lepidopterism at a boy scout camp SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIR TUSSOCK MOTH; CATERPILLAR DERMATITIS AB Background: Lepidopterism refers to moth- or butterfly-associated illness, including contact dermatitis, urticaria, and occasional systemic reactions. Lepidopterism outbreaks are rare. Objective: To investigate a lepidopterism outbreak associated with caterpillars of the Douglas-fir tussock moth (DFTM; Orgyia pseudotsugata) among Boy Scouts attending summer camp in New Mexico. Methods. Retrospective cohort analysis; environmental investigation Results. Attendees were primarily male (100/107; 94%) and less than 18 years old (82/107; 77%). Itch, rash, or hives were reported by 56 of 102 (55%) of campers. Patients were more likely to report direct caterpillar contact (relative risk [RR]: 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-5.5); playing a caterpillar-flicking game (RR: 1.9; 95% Cl, 1.1-3.4); and sleeping at campsite 6, where caterpillars were most numerous (RR: 1.7-1 95% CI, 1.3-2.4). All patients recovered. Limitations: Data on disease status and risk factors were collected retrospectively. Conclusion: Modifying behaviors associated with lepidopterism and avoiding areas of heavy infestation can reduce illness risk. C1 New Mexico Dept Hlth, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Santa Fe, NM USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, State Branch, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Redd, JT (reprint author), Indian Hlth Serv, Hepatitis & Liver Dis Sect, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, 5300 Homestead Rd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87508 USA. EM john.redd@ihs.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 56 IS 6 BP 952 EP 955 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.06.002 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 172NG UT WOS:000246810400008 PM 17368636 ER PT J AU Raghunathan, TE Xie, D Schenker, N Parsons, VL Davis, WW Dodd, KW Feuer, EJ AF Raghunathan, Trivellore E. Xie, Dawei Schenker, Nathaniel Parsons, Van L. Davis, William W. Dodd, Kevin W. Feuer, Eric J. TI Combining information from two surveys to estimate county-level prevalence rates of cancer risk factors and screening SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE BRFSS; cancer screening; complex sample survey; Gibbs sampling; hierarchical model; mammography; NHIS; pap smear; simulation; smoking ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; INCOME AB Cancer surveillance research requires estimates of the prevalence of cancer risk factors and screening for small areas such as counties. Two popular data sources are the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a telephone survey conducted by state agencies, and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an area probability sample survey conducted through face-to-face interviews. Both data sources have advantages and disadvantages. The BRFSS is a larger survey and almost every county is included in the survey, but it has lower response rates as is typical with telephone surveys and it does not include subjects who live in households with no telephones. On the other hand, the NHIS is a smaller survey, with the majority of counties not included; but it includes both telephone and nontelephone households, and has higher response rates. A preliminary analysis shows that the distributions of cancer screening and risk factors are different for telephone and nontelephone households. Thus, information from the two surveys may be combined to address both nonresponse and noncoverage errors. A hierarchical Bayesian approach that combines information from both surveys is used to construct county-level estimates. The proposed model incorporates potential noncoverage and nonresponse biases in the BRFSS as well as complex sample design features of both surveys. A Markov chain Monte Carlo method is used to simulate draws from the joint posterior distribution of unknown quantities in the model that uses design-based direct estimates and county-level covariates. Yearly prevalence estimates at the county level for 49 states. as well as for the entire state of Alaska and the District of Columbia, are developed for six outcomes using BRFSS and NHIS data from the years 1997-2000. The outcomes include smoking and use of common cancer screening procedures. The NHIS/BRFSS combined county-level estimates are substantially different from those based on the BRFSS alone. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, ISR, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NCI, Stat Res & Applicat Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Raghunathan, TE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, ISR, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM teraghu@umich.edu; dxie@cceb.med.upenn.edu; nschenker@cdc.gov; vparsons@cdc.gov; feuerr@mail.nih.gov NR 39 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 102 IS 478 BP 474 EP 486 DI 10.1198/016214506000001293 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 173FP UT WOS:000246859200012 ER PT J AU Kelishadi, R Gouya, MM Ardalan, G Hossemi, M Motaghian, M Delavari, A Majdzadeh, R Heidarzadeh, A Mahmoud-Arabi, MS Riazi, MM AF Kelishadi, Roya Gouya, Mohammad Mehdi Ardalan, Gelayol Hossemi, Mohsen Motaghian, Molouk Delavari, Alireza Majdzadeh, Reza Heidarzadeh, Abtin Mahmoud-Arabi, Minou Sadat Riazi, Mohammad Mehdi CA CASPIAN Study Grp TI First reference curves of waist and hip circumferences in an Asian population of youths: CASPIAN study SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE reference curve; waist circumference; hip circumference; waist-to-hip ratio; Asian; youths ID DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; TO-HEIGHT RATIO; PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; METABOLIC SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; MASS INDEX; PERCENTILES AB The Objective of the present study is to develop the first age- and gender-specific reference curves for waist and hip circumferences in an Asian population of youths. This, cross-sectional population survey was conducted in 2003-04 on a nationally representative sample of 21111 school-students living in urban (84.6%) and rural (15.4%) areas of 23 provinces in Iran. After anthropometric measurements, smoothed reference curves for waist and hip circumference (WC, HiC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were developed by the LMS method. In both genders, WC and HiC percentile values increased with age. For girls, the 50th to 95th percentile curves for WC had a sharp increase between 8 and 13 years and 11-15 years, respectively, and began to plateau after ye this age, whereas for boys, these curves had a persistent and less sharp increase with age, until the age of 18 years. The WHR curves of girls decreased with age until 15 years and began to plateau thereafter, whereas for boys the 25th to 95th curves had a plateau pattern. Comparison of the current reference curves with the British ones showed that in boys, the 5th and 50th percentile curves were similar in both studies, but the 95th percentile curve of our study was higher than the British curves. For girls, the 5th percentile curves of both studies were similar, but the 50th and 95th percentile curves of our study were higher than the British ones. These curves represent the first childhood WC, MC and WHR reference curves obtained in Asia. These curves can provide baseline data for analysis of time trends, as well as for international comparisons. C1 Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Prevent Pediat Cardiol Dept, Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Ctr, WHO Collaborating Ctr EMR, Esfahan, Iran. Ctr Dis Control, Minist Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sch Hlth Off, Minist Hlth, Tehran, Iran. Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Fac Hlth, Esfahan, Iran. Ctr Dis Control, Noncommunicable Dis Dept, Minist Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran, Iran. RP Kelishadi, R (reprint author), Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Prevent Pediat Cardiol Dept, Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Ctr, WHO Collaborating Ctr EMR, Esfahan, Iran. EM kelishadi@med.mui.ac.ir RI Kelishadi, Roya/E-6154-2012; OI Kelishadi, Roya/0000-0001-7455-1495; Heidarzadeh, Abtin/0000-0002-9360-2961 NR 38 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-6338 J9 J TROP PEDIATRICS JI J. Trop. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 158 EP 164 DI 10.1093/tropej/fml090 PG 7 WC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine SC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine GA 181GW UT WOS:000247426200004 PM 17308326 ER PT J AU Ramsey, SD Zeliadt, SB Hall, IJ Ekwueme, DU Penson, DF AF Ramsey, Scott D. Zeliadt, Steven B. Hall, Ingrid J. Ekwueme, Donatus U. Penson, David F. TI On the importance of race, socioeconomic status and comorbidity when evaluating quality of life in men with prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Review DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; quality of life; race; comorbidity ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; CO-MORBIDITY; WHITE MEN; CARCINOMA; OUTCOMES; DISPARITIES; ASSOCIATION; TRIAL; INDEX AB Purpose: Clear and accurate information about health related quality of life outcomes for men diagnosed with prostate cancer is essential for men and their physicians to make appropriate care decisions. To determine the completeness and quality of available health related quality of life information we performed a review of health related quality of life studies, assessing what information was and was not reported. Materials and Methods: A structured literature search identified 184 relevant health related quality of life studies representing 40,931 subjects. Results: More than 95% of health related quality of life studies did not provide key information about factors known to influence outcomes. The most common omissions included information about treatments received, followup, socioeconomic status or demographic characteristics. Most data were obtained from well educated, high income socioeconomic groups, who are generally quite healthy. More than 60% of subjects were college graduates, 85% were currently married and 43% were currently employed. While black Americans comprised 15% of men studied in the 80% of studies reporting race, little information is available on Hispanic or Asian men. Conclusions: Most of the available prostate cancer health related quality of life literature does not describe or does not account for factors known to influence health outcomes. These omissions limit their interpretability for patients trying to make decisions about treatment. More attention should be given to fully characterizing all dimensions of care that may influence quality of life outcomes and evaluating health related quality of life in Asian and Hispanic populations. Men and physicians should exercise caution when interpreting results that do not fully account for multiple factors that influence health related quality of life. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ So Calif, Norris Canc Ctr, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Norris Canc Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Ramsey, SD (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1100 Fairview Ave N,M2-B230, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM sramsey@fhcrc.org FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 92408]; PHS HHS [U48 CCU 009654-10] NR 50 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 177 IS 6 BP 1992 EP 1999 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2007.01.138 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 170BJ UT WOS:000246635800005 PM 17509278 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Rogers, TE Durden, LA Dasch, GA AF Reeves, Will K. Rogers, Thomas E. Durden, Lance A. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Association of Bartonella with the fleas (Siphonaptera) of rodents and bats using molecular techniques SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bartonella; Xenopsylla cheopis; Sternopsylla texanus; Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes; Orchopeas howardi ID VOLE AGENT; SP-NOV; RICKETTSIA; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; SQUIRRELS; BLOOD; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; VINSONII AB Bartonella spp. are putatively vector- borne bacterial agents of humans and animals. Fleas have been incriminated as vectors of Bartonella spp. and are suspected of transmitting Bartonella of rodents and bats, but some of these Bartonella spp. have not yet been directly detected in wild caught fleas. We report the molecular detection of Bartonella tribocorum Bartonella vinsonii subsp. vinsonii, and two novel genotypes of Bartonella from the fleas Xenopsylla cheopis, Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes, Sternopsylla texanus, or Orchopeas howardi. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 118 EP 122 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[118:AOBWTF]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 185LC UT WOS:000247711500016 PM 17633432 ER PT J AU Rojek, JA Spiropoulou, CF Campbell, KP Kunz, S AF Rojek, Jillian A. Spiropoulou, Christina F. Campbell, Kevin P. Kunz, Stefan TI Old world and clade C new world arenaviruses mimic the molecular mechanism of receptor recognition used by alpha-dystroglycan's host-derived ligands SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; CONGENITAL MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHIES; CELLULAR RECEPTOR; LAMININ-BINDING; LASSA FEVER; CELLS; GLYCOSYLATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; INFECTION; GLYCANS AB alpha-Dystroglycan (DG) is an important cellular receptor for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and also serves as the receptor for Old World arenaviruses Lassa fever virus (LFV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and clade C New World arenaviruses. In the host cell, ci-DG is subject to a remarkably complex pattern of O glycosylation that is crucial for its interactions with ECM proteins. Two of these unusual sugar modifications, protein O mannosylation and glycan modifications involving the putative glycosyltransferase LARGE, have recently been implicated in arenavirus binding. Considering the complexity of alpha-DG O glycosylation, our present study was aimed at the identification of the specific O-linked glycans on alpha-DG that are recognized by arenaviruses. As previously shown for LCMV, we found that protein O mannosylation of alpha-DG is crucial for the binding of arenaviruses of distinct phylogenetic origins, including LFV, Mobala virus, and clade C New World arenaviruses. In contrast to the highly conserved requirement for O mannosylation, more generic O glycans present on alpha-DG are dispensable for arenavirus binding. Despite the critical role of O-marmosyl glycans for arenavirus binding under normal conditions, the overexpression of LARGE in cells deficient in O mannosylation resulted in highly glycosylated alpha-DG that was functional as a receptor for arenaviruses. Thus, modifications by LARGE but not O-marmosyl glycans themselves are most likely the crucial structures recognized by arenaviruses. Together, the data demonstrate that arenaviruses recognize the same highly conserved O-glycan structures on a-DG involved in ECM protein binding, indicating a strikingly similar mechanism of receptor recognition by pathogen- and host-derived ligands. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Mol & Integrat Neurosci Dept, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Neurol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kunz, S (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Mol & Integrat Neurosci Dept, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM stefanku@scripps.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [1U54 AI065359, AI55540, R01 AI055540, R21 AI055540, U54 AI065359] NR 53 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 81 IS 11 BP 5685 EP 5695 DI 10.1128/JVI.02574-06 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 173II UT WOS:000246866300024 PM 17360738 ER PT J AU Davis, CT Galbraith, SE Zhang, SL Whiteman, MC Li, L Kinney, RM Barrett, ADT AF Davis, C. Todd Galbraith, Sareen E. Zhang, Shuliu Whiteman, Melissa C. Li, Li Kinney, Richard M. Barrett, Alan D. T. TI A combination of naturally occurring mutations in North American West Nile virus nonstructural protein genes and in the 3 ' untranslated region alters virus phenotype SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; NS4B PROTEIN; VIRAL TRANSLATION; STRAINS; RNA; FLAVIVIRUS; VIRULENCE; SEQUENCE; MICE; NEUROINVASIVENESS AB We previously reported mutations in North American West Nile viruses (WNVs) with a small-plaque (sp), temperature-sensitive Qs), and/or mouse-attenuated (att) phenotype. Using an infectious clone, site-directed mutations and 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) exchanges were introduced into the WNV NY99 genome. Characterization of mutants demonstrated that a combination of mutations involving the NS4B protein (E249G) together with either a mutation in the NS5 protein (A804v) or three mutations in the YUTR (A10596G, C10774U, A10799G) produced sp, ts, and/or att variants. These results suggested that the discovery of North American WNV-phenotypic variants is rare because of the apparent requirement of concurrent pollygenic mutations. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Coordina, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Barrett, ADT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM abarrett@utmb.edu OI Galbraith, Sareen/0000-0002-1009-6179 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI067847, T32 AI007536, AI 67847] NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 81 IS 11 BP 6111 EP 6116 DI 10.1128/JVI.02387-06 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 173II UT WOS:000246866300065 PM 17376926 ER PT J AU Bukreyev, A Rollin, PE Tate, MK Yang, LJ Zaki, SR Shieh, WJ Murphy, BR Collins, PL Sanchez, A AF Bukreyev, Alexander Rollin, Pierre E. Tate, Mallory K. Yang, Lijuan Zaki, Sherif R. Shieh, Wun-Ju Murphy, Brian R. Collins, Peter L. Sanchez, Anthony TI Successful topical respiratory tract immunization of primates against ebola virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; VACCINE VECTORS; ATTENUATION PHENOTYPES; SECONDARY INFECTION; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A; GUINEA-PIGS AB Ebola virus causes outbreaks of severe viral hemorrhagic fever with high mortality in humans. The virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted by contact and by the aerosol route. These features make Ebola virus a potential weapon for bioterrorism and biological warfare. Therefore, a vaccine that induces both systemic and local immune responses in the respiratory tract would be highly beneficial. We evaluated a common pediatric respiratory pathogen, human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), as a vaccine vector against Ebola virus. HPIV3 recombinants expressing the Ebola virus (Zaire species) surface glycoprotein (GP) alone or in combination with the nucleocapsid protein NP or with the cytokine adjuvant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were administered by the respiratory route to rhesus monkeys-in which HPIV3 infection is mild and asymptomatic-and were evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy against a highly lethal intraperitoneal challenge with Ebola virus. A single immunization with any construct expressing GP was moderately immunogenic against Ebola virus and protected 88% of the animals against severe hemorrhagic fever and death caused by Ebola virus. Two doses were highly immunogenic, and all of the animals survived challenge and were free of signs of disease and of detectable Ebola virus challenge virus. These data illustrate the feasibility of immunization via the respiratory tract against the hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which topical immunization through respiratory tract achieved prevention of a viral hemorrhagic fever infection in a primate model. C1 NIAID, NIH, Infect Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Bukreyev, A (reprint author), NIAID, NIH, Infect Dis Lab, Bldg 50,Room 6505,50 South Dr,MSC 8007, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM AB176v@nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 40 TC 91 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 81 IS 12 BP 6379 EP 6388 DI 10.1128/JVI.00105-07 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 175BP UT WOS:000246987500022 PM 17428868 ER PT J AU Creary, M Williamson, D Kulkarni, R AF Creary, Melissa Williamson, Dhelia Kulkarni, Roshni TI Sickle cell disease: Current activities, public health implications, and future directions SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder caused by abnormal hemoglobin that damages and deforms red blood cells (RBCs). The abnormal red cells break down, causing anemia, and obstruct blood vessels, leading to recurrent episodes of severe pain and multi-organ ischemic damage. SCD affects millions of people throughout the world and is particularly common among people whose ancestors come from sub-Saharan Africa. Sickle cell trait (SCT) is an inherited condition in which both normal hemoglobin and sickle hemoglobin are produced in the RBCs. SCT is not a type of sickle cell disease. People with SCT are generally healthy. In SCD, clinical severity varies, ranging from mild and sometimes asymptomatic states to severe symptoms requiring hospitalization. Symptomatic treatments exist, but there is no cure for SCD. Although there has been extensive clinical and basic science research in SCD, many public health issues, such as blood safety surveillance, compliance with immunizations, follow-up of newborns with positive screening tests, stroke prevention, pregnancy complications, pain prevention, quality of life, and thrombosis, in people with SCT remain unaddressed. Currently, efforts are under way to strengthen SCD-related activities within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). To date, several activities are being or have been conducted by centers within CDC, including quality assurance of newborn screening tests for SCD, morbidity and mortality studies, genetic studies, and studies focusing on the protective effects of SCT for malaria. This paper discusses the public health implications of SCD, summarizes SCD-related activities within CDC, and points to future directions that the agency can take to begin to address some of these issues. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Creary, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.CDC4 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 189MH UT WOS:000247992500001 PM 17627395 ER PT J AU Bolen, J Adams, M Shenson, D AF Bolen, Julie Adams, Mary Shenson, Douglas TI Routine preventive services for older women: A composite measure highlights gaps in delivery SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE; UNITED-STATES; RACIAL/ETHNIC DISPARITIES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; ADULTS; RECEIPT; MAMMOGRAPHY; ACCESS; SURVEILLANCE AB Background: We used a composite measure to examine the delivery of routine clinical preventive services to U. S. women aged 50-64 years and >= 65 years in 2004. Methods: We analyzed state data from the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and created a composite measure that included screening of women >= 50 years for colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, vaccination against influenza, and, for women aged >= 65 years only, pneumococcal vaccination. The composite measure quantified the percentage of women who were up-to-date (UTD) according to recommended schedules for these services. Results: Approximately 23% of women aged 50-64 years and 32.5% of women aged >= 65 years were UTD in 2004. Results varied by education, race/ethnicity, marriage status, insurance status, and health status. There was also considerable geographic variation in state-specific UTD estimates, ranging from 16.7% (California) to 38.4% (Minnesota) for women aged 50-64 years and from 25.7% (Indiana) to 48.5% (Minnesota) for women aged >= 65 years. Conclusions: Although rates for some individual services were >= 75%, the percentage of women aged 50-64 years and >= 65 years UTD on all routinely recommended cancer screenings and vaccinations was low, with < 1 in 3 being UTD. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Target Hlth Data LLC, Hartford, CT USA. SPARC, Lakeville, CT USA. RP Bolen, J (reprint author), NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jcr2@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 583 EP 593 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.CDC5 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 189MH UT WOS:000247992500002 PM 17627396 ER PT J AU Pritt, S Hankenson, FC Wagner, T Tate, M AF Pritt, Stacy Hankenson, F. Claire Wagner, Ted Tate, Mallory TI The basics of animal biosafety and biocontainment training SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH; SAFETY PROGRAM; FACILITY; BIOTERRORISM; DISEASES; WORKERS; AGENTS; RISKS C1 Covance Res Prod Inc, Denver, PA USA. Univ Penn, Lab Anim Resources, Princeton, NJ USA. Covanc Inc, Environm Hlth & Safety, Princeton, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, High Containment Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pritt, S (reprint author), Covance Res Prod Inc, Denver, PA USA. EM stacy.pritt@covance.com NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1038/laban0607-31 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 173VX UT WOS:000246901700008 PM 17519943 ER PT J AU Craig, PS McManus, DP Lightowlers, MW Chabalgoity, JA Garcia, HH Gavidia, CM Gilman, RH Gonzalez, AE Lorca, M Naguira, C Nieto, A Schantz, PM AF Craig, Philip S. McManus, Donald P. Lightowlers, Marshall W. Chabalgoity, Jose A. Garcia, Hector H. Gavidia, Cesar M. Gilman, Robert H. Gonzalez, Armando E. Lorca, Myriarn Naguira, Cesar Nieto, Alberto Schantz, Peter M. TI Prevention and control of cystic echinococcosis SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID MULTICENTER CLINICAL-TRIALS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HOST-PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; HUMAN HYDATID-DISEASE; ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS; GRANULOSUS INFECTION; FOLLOW-UP; TAENIA-HYDATIGENA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; FIELD-EVALUATION AB Human cystic echinococcosis (hydatid disease) continues to be a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. Elimination is difficult to obtain and it is estimated that, using current control options, achieving such a goal will take around 20 years of sustained efforts. Since the introduction of current (and past) hydatid control campaigns, there have been clear technological improvements made in the diagnosis and treatment of human and animal cystic echinococcosis, the diagnosis of canine echinococcosis, and the genetic characterisation of strains and vaccination against Echinococcus granulosus in animals. Incorporation of these new measures could increase the efficiency of hydatid control programmes, potentially reducing the time required to achieve effective prevention of disease transmission to as little as 5-10 years. C1 Inst Ciencias Neurol Jr Ancash, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima 1, Peru. Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Cestode Zoonoses Res Grp, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Univ Republica, Dept Biotechnol, Inst Higiene, Montevideo, Uruguay. Univ Republica, Catedra Inmunol, Sch Chem, Montevideo, Uruguay. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. Minist Salud, Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Garcia, HH (reprint author), Inst Ciencias Neurol Jr Ancash, Cysticercosis Unit, 1271,Barrios Altos, Lima 1, Peru. EM hgarcia@jhsph.edu RI McManus, Donald/G-2678-2013; Lightowlers, Marshall/L-5966-2015; OI Lightowlers, Marshall/0000-0002-6655-0086; Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 FU FIC NIH HHS [TW05562]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI51976]; PHS HHS [TWO1565]; Wellcome Trust NR 126 TC 172 Z9 195 U1 1 U2 17 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70134-2 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 171SG UT WOS:000246755100017 PM 17521591 ER PT J AU Hurlburt, KJ McMahon, BJ Simonetti, JP Livingston, SE Bulkow, LR Snowball, MM Chulanov, VP Nainan, OP Williams, JL AF Hurlburt, Kathy J. McMahon, Brian J. Simonetti, Josephine P. Livingston, Stephen E. Bulkow, Lisa R. Snowball, Mary M. Chulanov, Vladimir P. Nainan, Omana P. Williams, James L. TI Hepatitis B-associated vasculitis in Alaska Natives: viral genotype, clinical and serologic outcome SO LIVER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Alaska Natives; genotype; hepatitis B virus; immunization; polyartitis nodosa; vasculitis ID POLYARTERITIS-NODOSA; VIRUS; INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS AB Background: The highest incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated vasculitis in the world has been reported in Alaska Natives. We examined the incidence of HBV-associated vasculitis before and after mass HBV vaccine immunization and the association between HBV genotype and vasculitis in a population-based cohort study in Alaska natives chronically infected with HBV. Methods: Genotyping was performed in vasculitis cases and 644 hepatitis B-positive controls without vasculitis using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the S gene. Occurrence of HBV vasculitis from 1974 to 2004 was calculated. HBV vasculitis patients and controls were also tested for basal core promoter and precore mutations. Results: Fifteen cases of HBV-associated vasculitis were identified: 13 (86%) had genotype D and one each genotype A and F. Genotype D was more commonly found in patients with vasculitis than controls [odd ratio (OR)=5.9, confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2, 21.8; P < 0.015). Conclusions: HBV-associated vasculitis was associated with genotype D. C1 ANC HEP, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Artic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hurlburt, KJ (reprint author), ANC HEP, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, 4315 Diplomacy Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM kjhurlburt@anmc.org RI Chulanov, Vladimir/S-4708-2016 OI Chulanov, Vladimir/0000-0001-6303-9293 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-3223 J9 LIVER INT JI Liver Int. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 627 EP 632 DI 10.1111/j.1478.3231.2007.01473.x PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 166GO UT WOS:000246366500006 PM 17498247 ER PT J AU Wilkins, EE Smith, SC Roberts, JM Benedict, M AF Wilkins, E. E. Smith, S. C. Roberts, J. M. Benedict, M. TI Rubidium marking of Anopheles mosquitoes detectable by field-capable X-ray spectrometry SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect labelling; malaria; mark-release-recapture; vector ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; DISPERSAL; DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; INSECTS AB We present a mosquito marking technique suitable for mark-release-recapture that can be used with a hand-held, portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer, which is practical for field measurements. Third instar Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles stephensi Liston larvae were cultured to pupation in water containing rubidium (Rb) Cl at concentrations up to 1000 p.p.m. Rb. Anopheles gambiae larvae survived to adulthood at concentrations as high as 1000 p.p.m. Rb but suffered pupal mortality and reduced adult longevity at high concentrations. We were able to culture An. stephensi at Rb concentrations as high as 300 p.p.m. The presence of Rb in adults was evaluated using a portable XRF analyser, and we were able to reliably detect Rb above background levels in 10-day-old females and 4-day-old males at concentrations causing minimal pupal or adult mortality. We observed that Rb marking was not permanent, and the concentration declined significantly as adults aged. The low cost of labelling with RbCl and the field portability of the spectrometer provide a useful means for labelling mosquitoes via breeding sites or in the laboratory for mark-release-recapture experiments. C1 CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Benedict, M (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-42, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MBenedict@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-85355] NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 196 EP 203 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2007.00683.x PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 177TJ UT WOS:000247175100009 PM 17550439 ER PT J AU Stone, PW Mooney-Kane, C Larson, EL Horan, T Glance, LG Zwanziger, J Dick, AW AF Stone, Patricia W. Mooney-Kane, Cathy Larson, Elaine L. Horan, Teresa Glance, Laurent G. Zwanziger, Jack Dick, Andrew W. TI Nurse working conditions and patient safety outcomes SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE patient safety; organizational climate; nursing; workforce; nosocomial infections ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; INFECTIONS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; ADVERSE EVENTS; NNIS SYSTEM; PAID NURSE; HOSPITALS; MORTALITY; QUALITY AB Background: System approaches, such as improving working conditions, have been advocated to improve patient safety. However, the independent effect of many working condition variables on patient outcomes is unknown. Objective: To examine effects of a comprehensive set of working conditions on elderly patient safety outcomes in intensive care units. Design: Observational study, with patient outcome data collected using the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system protocols and Medicare files. Several measures of health status and fixed setting characteristics were used to capture distinct dimensions of patient severity of illness and risk for disease. Working condition variables included organizational climate measured by nurse survey; objective measures of staffing, overtime, and wages (derived from payroll data); and hospital profitability and magnet accreditation. Setting and Patients: The sample comprised 15,846 patients in 51 adult intensive care units in 31 hospitals depending on the outcome analyzed-, 1095 nurses were surveyed. Main Outcome Measures: Central line associated bloodstream infections (CLBSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, 30-day mortality, and decubiti. Results: Units with higher staffing had lower incidence of CLBSI, ventilator-associated pneumonia, 30-day mortality, and decubiti (P <= 0.05). Increased overtime was associated with higher rates of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and decubiti, but slightly lower rates of CLBSI (P <= 0.05). The effects of organizational climate and profitability were not consistent. Conclusions: Nurse working conditions were associated with all outcomes measured. Improving working conditions will most likely promote patient safety. Future researchers and policymakers should consider a broad set of working condition variables. C1 Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Rand Corp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Stone, PW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, 617 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM ps2024@columbia.edu FU AHRQ HHS [R01 HS013114] NR 47 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 8 U2 26 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 571 EP 578 DI 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3180383667 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 176JJ UT WOS:000247080700013 PM 17515785 ER PT J AU Ansari, A AF Ansari, A. TI Medical response planning for Nuclear/Radiological emergencies: Roles of the medical physicist SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2540 EP 2540 DI 10.1118/1.2761313 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 182BH UT WOS:000247479600936 ER PT J AU Ma, Q AF Ma, Qiang TI Aryl hydrocarbon receptor degradation-promoting factor (ADPF) and the control of the xenobiotic response SO MOLECULAR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MOUSE HEPATOMA-CELLS; AH-RECEPTOR; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN-INDUCED DEGRADATION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; DIOXIN RECEPTOR; DNA-BINDING; WILD-TYPE; INDUCTION C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Receptor Biol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Receptor Biol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 1534-0384 J9 MOL INTERV JI Mol. Interv. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1124/mi.7.3.4 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 189GZ UT WOS:000247978700003 PM 17609519 ER PT J AU Bluford, DAA Sherry, B Scanlon, KS AF Bluford, Dontrell A. A. Sherry, Bettylou Scanlon, Kelley S. TI Interventions to prevent or treat obesity in preschool children: A review of evaluated programs SO OBESITY LA English DT Review DE preschool; children; prevention; interventions; evaluation ID CHILDHOOD OBESITY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR; PEDIATRIC OBESITY; MINORITY CHILDREN; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RISK-FACTORS; US CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; HEALTH JR AB Objective: To identify effective programs to prevent or treat overweight among 2- to <6-year-old children. Research Methods and Procedures: We searched six data-bases to identify evaluated intervention programs assessing changes in weight status or body fat and systematically summarized study attributes and outcomes. Results: Four of the seven studies (two intervention, two prevention) documented significant reductions in weight status or body fat. Among these, three sustained reductions at 1 or 2 years after program initiation, three incorporated a framework/theory, two actively and one passively involved parents, three included multicomponent strategies, and all four monitored behavioral changes. Of the three (prevention) studies that did not show reduction in weight or fat status, all performed assessments between 4 and 9 months after program initiation, and one used a multicomponent strategy. Other significant changes reported were reductions in television viewing, cholesterol, and parental restriction of child feeding. Discussion: The paucity of studies limits our ability to generalize findings. Among the available studies, multicomponent programs with 1- to 2-year follow-up in clinics or child care settings were successful in their impact on weight; they were likely enhanced by parental involvement. Both treatment programs and two of five prevention programs reduced weight/fat status. Our review highlights the need to evaluate more programs, advocate for use of a framework/behavioral theory and objective behavioral measures, further examine the impact of involving parents and the impact of intervention duration and follow-up time, strengthen prevention programs, and further evaluate successful programs in other settings and among other racial/ethnic groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sherry, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K-25,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bsherry@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 14 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1356 EP 1372 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.163 PG 17 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 180ZG UT WOS:000247405900004 PM 17557972 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM McCullough, ML Patel, AV Gillespie, C Calle, EE Cokkinides, VE Galuska, DA Khan, LK Serdula, MK AF Blanck, Heidi M. McCullough, Marjorie L. Patel, Alpa V. Gillespie, Cathleen Calle, Eugenia E. Cokkinides, Vilma E. Galuska, Deborah A. Khan, Laura Kettel Serdula, Mary K. TI Sedentary behavior, recreational physical activity, and 7-year weight gain among postmenopausal US women SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE weight gain; physical activity; sedentary; postmenopausal; women ID AMERICAN-CANCER-SOCIETY; BODY-MASS INDEX; BREAST-CANCER; DIABETES-MELLITUS; RISK; COHORT; ADULTS; OBESITY; QUESTIONNAIRE; OVERWEIGHT AB Objective: To assess the relationship among recreational physical activity (PA), non-occupational sedentary behavior, and 7-year weight gain among postmenopausal U.S. women 40 to 69 years old. Research Methods and Procedures: In 1992 and 1999, 18,583 healthy female participants from the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort completed questionnaires on anthropometric characteristics and lifestyle factors. The associations between recreational PA [in metabolic equivalent (MET) hours per week] and non-occupational sedentary behavior (in hours per day) at baseline and risk for 7-year weight gain (5 to 9 or >= 10 vs. 4 pounds) were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Neither PA nor sedentary behavior was associated with a 5- to 9-pound weight gain. Among women who were not overweight at baseline (BM1 < 25.0), the odds of >= 10-pound weight gain were 12% lower (odds ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 0.99) for those in the highest category of recreational PA (>= 18 MET h/wk) compared with > 0 to < 4 MET h/wk; odds were 47% higher (odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 1.79) for non-overweight women who reported >= 6 h/d of non-occupational sedentary behavior compared with < 3 h/d. Neither PA nor sedentary behavior were associated with risk of >= 10-pound weight gain weight among women who were overweight at baseline (BMI >= 25.0). Discussion: Both recreational PA and non-occupational sedentary behavior independently predicted risk of >= 10-pound weight gain among postmenopausal women who were not overweight at baseline. Public health messages to prevent weight gain among normal-weight postmenopausal women may need to focus on decreasing time spent in sedentary behaviors and increasing the amount of time spent on PA. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Hblanck@cdc.gov OI Gillespie, Cathleen/0000-0003-1878-1055 NR 44 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1578 EP 1588 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.187 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 180ZG UT WOS:000247405900028 PM 17557996 ER PT J AU Farr, SL Jamieson, DJ Rivera, HV Ahmed, Y Heilig, CM AF Farr, Sherry L. Jamieson, Denise J. Vasquez Rivera, Hirmice Ahmed, Yusuf Heilig, Charles M. TI Risk factors for cesarean delivery among Puerto Rican women SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRTH CERTIFICATE DATA; VALIDATION AB Objective: The rate of primary cesarean delivery in Puerto Rico in 2002 was 52% higher than in 1996 and 85% higher than among Puerto Rican women delivering on the U.S. mainland. Reasons for these differences were explored using birth certificate data. Methods: Distributions of mothers' age, education, parity, level of prenatal care, pregnancy weight gain, medical risk factors., labor induction, labor or delivery complications, and infant birth weight among births in Puerto Rico in 2002 (n=40,489) were compared with births in Puerto Rico in 1996 (n=51,357) and births to Puerto Rican women delivering on the mainland in 2002 (n=47,800). Multivariable log-linear regression models were used to estimate relative risks for primary cesarean delivery by year, place of delivery, and selected risk factors. Results: Risk for cesarean delivery was higher in Puerto Rico in 2002 than in both 1996 (relative risk 2.1, 95% confidence interval 2.0, 2.3) and on the mainland in 2002 (relative risk 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.2, 2.6). This translates into one additional cesarean delivery in Puerto Rico in 2002 for every 4.2 live births, controlled for examined risk factors. Higher rates of cesarean delivery in Puerto Rico in 2002 could not be explained by examined risk factors. Conclusion: Until further research reveals ways to safely reduce the rate of cesarean delivery in Puerto Rico, physicians, public health practitioners, and other stakeholders may want to focus their efforts on reducing rates among low-risk women and those with no labor complications. C1 CDC, DRH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, San Juan, PR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Farr, SL (reprint author), CDC, DRH, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sfarr@cdc.gov RI Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008 OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 109 IS 6 BP 1351 EP 1357 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000263460.39686.da PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 175JP UT WOS:000247010200014 PM 17540807 ER PT J AU Jhung, MA Sunenshine, RH Noble-Wang, J Coffin, SE St John, K Lewis, FM Jensen, B Peterson, A LiPuma, J Arduino, MJ Holzmann-Pazgal, G Atkins, JT Srinivasan, A AF Jhung, Michael A. Sunenshine, Rebecca H. Noble-Wang, Judith Coffin, Susan E. St John, Keith Lewis, Felicia M. Jensen, Bette Peterson, Alicia LiPuma, John Arduino, Matthew J. Holzmann-Pazgal, Galit Atkins, Jane T. Srinivasan, Arjun TI A national outbreak of Ralstonia mannitolilytica associated with use of a contaminated oxygen-delivery device among pediatric patients SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Ralstonia; oxygen inhalation therapy; infant; equipment contamination; infection control; intrinsic contamination ID PSEUDOMONAS-PICKETTII; RESPIRATORY CARE; DRINKING-WATER; INFECTION AB Objectives. In August 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was notified of a Ralstonia species outbreak among pediatric patients receiving supplemental oxygen therapy with the Vapotherm 2000i (Vapotherm, Inc, Stevensville, MD). The Vapotherm 2000i is a reusable medical device that was used in >900 hospitals in the United States in 2005. Ralstonia are waterborne bacilli that have been implicated in hospital-acquired infections. We initiated an investigation to determine the source of the outbreak and implement infection control and prevention measures. Patients and Methods. We performed a case-control study at 1 hospital and conducted national case findings to obtain clinical and environmental samples for laboratory analysis. Case-patients had health care-acquired Ralstonia colonization or infection. Isolates were compared by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. We tested manufacturer-recommended disinfection protocols for the Vapotherm 2000i under simulated-use conditions. Results. Case-patients at the hospital (n = 5) were more likely to have received Vapotherm therapy than controls. Nationally, Ralstonia mannitolilytica was confirmed in 38 patients (aged 5 days to 7 years); 35 (92%) of the patients were exposed to the Vapotherm 2000i before recovery of the organism. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed related R mannitolilytica strains from isolates sent from 18 hospitals in 12 states. A Vapotherm machine reprocessed with a protocol proposed by the manufacturer grew Ralstonia spp after 7 days of simulated use. In December 2005, Vapotherm recalled the 2000i. Conclusions. Our findings suggest intrinsic contamination of Vapotherm devices with Ralstonia spp. New medical devices may provide therapy equivalent to current devices yet pose novel reprocessing challenges. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual & Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Acute Communicable Dis & Emergiong Infect, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Michigan, Hlth Syst, Dept Pediat & Communicable Dis, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis Hosp, Div Pediat Infect Div, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Mthodist Childrens Hosp S Texas, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Jhung, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual & Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mjhung@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1068 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-3739 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 174NL UT WOS:000246948900003 PM 17545371 ER PT J AU Mei, ZG Grummer-Strawn, M Wang, J Thornton, JC Freedman, DS Pierson, RN Dietz, WH Horlick, M AF Mei, Zuguo Grummer-Strawn, M. Wang, Jack Thornton, John C. Freedman, David S. Pierson, Richard N., Jr. Dietz, William H. Horlick, Mary TI Do skinfold measurements provide additional information to body mass index in the assessment of body fatness among children and adolescents? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry; BMI; skinfold; anthropometry; receiver operating characteristic curve; sensitivity; specificity ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FAT-FREE MASS; CROSS-CALIBRATION; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; BONE; VALIDATION; ACCURACY; VALIDITY; WEIGHT AB Objectives. The purpose of this work was to validate the performance of age- and gender-specific BMI, triceps, and subscapular skinfold for the classification of excess of body fat in children and adolescents and to examine how much additional information these 2 skinfold measurements provide to BMI-for-age. Methods. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of these 3 indices in classifying excess body fat. Percentage of body fat was determined by dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry. Both >= 85th and >= 95th percentile of percentage of body fat were used to define excess body fat. Data from the New York Pediatric Rosetta Body Composition Project were examined (n = 1196; aged 5 - 18 years). Results. For children aged 5 to 18 years, BMI-for-age, triceps skinfold-for-age, and subscapular skinfold- for- age each performed equally well alone in the receiver operating characteristic curves in the identification of excess body fat defined by either the >= 85th or >= 95th percentile of percentage of body fat by dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry. However, if BMI-for-age was already known and was >95th percentile, the additional measurement of skinfolds did not significantly increase the sensitivity or specificity in the identification of excess body fat. Conclusions. In contrast to the recommendations of expert panels, skinfold measurements do not seem to provide additional information about excess body fat beyond BMI-for-age alone if the BMI-for-age is >95th percentile. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, Dept Med, Body Composit Unit, New York, NY 10025 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Mei, ZG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zmei@cdc.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK37352] NR 35 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 6 BP E1306 EP E1313 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2546 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 174NL UT WOS:000246948900074 PM 17545361 ER PT J AU Simoni, JM Montgomery, A Martin, E New, M Demas, PA Rana, S AF Simoni, Jane M. Montgomery, Arianna Martin, Erin New, Michelle Demas, Penelope A. Rana, Sohail TI Adherence to antiretroviral therapy for pediatric HIV infection: A qualitative systematic review with recommendations for research and clinical management SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE HIV/AIDS; adherence; compliance; interventions; pediatric ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BEHAVIORAL SKILLS MODEL; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; POSITIVE MEN; SELF-REPORT; VIRAL LOAD; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; TRIALS AB Although nonadherence to prescribed therapies is widespread, it is particularly problematic with highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection. This review of > 50 studies in the area of pediatric HIV infection revealed varying methods for assessing antiretroviral adherence with a wide range of estimates of adherence. Correlates of adherence could be grouped as those relating to the medication, the patient, and the caregiver/family, with many conflicting findings and a lack of theory guiding the research. Only 8 studies, mainly small feasibility or pilot investigations, evaluated highly active antiretroviral therapy adherence interventions in pediatric populations. We conclude with specific recommendations for assessment and clinical management of adherence and discuss directions for future research in this area. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Special Immunol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, AIDS Res Program, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Simoni, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jsimoni@u.washington.edu OI Simoni, Jane/0000-0002-8711-1576 FU NIMH NIH HHS [R34 MH074364]; PHS HHS [U64/CCU219450] NR 90 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 6 BP E1371 EP E1383 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1232 PG 13 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 174NL UT WOS:000246948900082 PM 17533177 ER PT J AU Payne, DC Rose, CE Aranas, A Zhang, YJ Tolentino, H Weston, E McNeil, MM Ruscio, B AF Payne, Daniel C. Rose, Charles E., Jr. Aranas, Aaron Zhang, Yujia Tolentino, Herman Weston, Emily McNeil, Michael M. Ruscio, Bruce TI Assessment of anthrax vaccination data in the defense medical surveillance system, 1998-2004 SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccine; anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA); military vaccination records; post-marketing surveillance; vaccine safety; Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) AB Purpose Understanding the completeness and accuracy of U.S. military anthrax vaccination data is important to the design and interpretation of studies to assess the safety of anthrax vaccine. We estimated the agreement between electronically recorded anthrax vaccination data in the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) versus anthrax vaccination data abstracted from hardcopy medical charts in a representative sample of the U.S. military from 1998 to 2004. Methods Medical chart abstractions were conducted at 28 military treatment facilities for 4201 personnel. Abstracted anthrax vaccination data for 1817 personnel, representing 7400 anthrax vaccine doses, were compared with electronically captured data in the DMSS from 1998 to 2004. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated using weighted analyses. Results Weighted person-level analysis revealed DMSS sensitivity = 93.8% (95%CI = 91.1, 95.8), specificity = 87.0% (79.0, 92.3), PPV = 85.6% (77.2, 91.3) and NPV = 94.5% (91.7, 96.4). Report of anthrax vaccination within a +/- 7 days window in both medical chart and DMSS electronic data had a sensitivity of 88.3% (85.4, 90.7) and a PPV of 86.6% (84.9, 88.2) in the vaccine dose-level analysis. Conclusions These results support that anthrax vaccination data captured by the DMSS are adequate for post-marketing surveillance investigations in the U.S. military and are of comparable quality to data captured by other vaccine safety databases. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Off Assisantat Secreatary Def Hlth Affairs Clin &, Falls Church, VA USA. US Dept Def, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Payne, DC (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DVP6@CDC.GOV NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.1002/pds.1395 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 185WC UT WOS:000247740100002 PM 17437247 ER PT J AU DeSefano, F Weintraub, ES Chen, RT AF DeSefano, Frank Weintraub, Eric S. Chen, Robert T. TI Hepatitis B vaccine and risk of multiple sclerosis SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Letter C1 RTI Int, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DeSefano, F (reprint author), RTI Int, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 705 EP 707 DI 10.1002/pds.1408 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 185WC UT WOS:000247740100014 ER PT J AU Benator, DA Weiner, MH Burman, WJ Vernon, AA Zhao, ZA Khan, AE Jones, BE Sandman, L Engle, M Silva-Trigo, C Hsyu, PH Becker, MI Peloquin, CA AF Benator, Debra A. Weiner, Marc H. Burman, William J. Vernon, Andrew A. Zhao, Zhen A. Khan, Awal E. Jones, Brenda E. Sandman, Laurie Engle, Melissa Silva-Trigo, Claudia Hsyu, Poe H. Becker, Mark I. Peloquin, Charles A. CA Tuberculosis Trials Consortium TI Clinical evaluation of the nelfinavir-rifabutin interaction in patients with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society CY MAY 21-26, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Thorac Soc DE tuberculosis; human immunodeficiency virus; HIV; nelfinavir; rifabutin; isoniazid; drug interactions; cytochrome P450; pharmacokinetics ID ACQUIRED RIFAMYCIN RESISTANCE; PHARMACOKINETICS; HIV; PLASMA; M8 AB Study Objective. To characterize the bidirectional interaction between twice-daily nelfinavir and twice-weekly rifabutin and isoniazid in patients with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. Three clinical research centers. Patients. Seven patients with HIV-related tuberculosis. Intervention. Rifabutin 300 mg and isoniazid 15 mg/kg (maximum dose 900 mg) twice/week were administered for at least 2 weeks during the continuation phase of tuberculosis treatment. Antiretroviral therapy with nelfinavir 1250 mg twice/day and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was then added. Measurements and Main Results. Patients underwent blood sampling for pharmacokinetic analysis during the continuation phase of tuberculosis therapy and after a median of 21, days after the addition of antiretroviral treatment. When rifabutin was coadministered with nelfinavir, its area under the concentration-time curve from 0-21 hours (AUC(0-21)) increased 22% (geometric mean 5.01 mu g.hr/ml [90% confidence interval (CI) 3.25-7.711 with nelfinavir vs 4.10 mu g.hr/ml [90% CI 3.18-5.27] without nelfinavir; geometric mean ratio 1.22 [90% CI 0.78-1.921). Also, the AUCO-21 for the active metabolite, desacetylrifabutin, increased significantly (geometric mean ratio 3.46, 90% CI 1.84-6.47, p=0.009). in the presence of rifabutin, the pharmacokinetic parameters of nelfinavir and its principal metabolite M8 were similar to those of patients not taking rifabutin. No drug interaction between nelfinavir and isoniazid was detected. Conclusions. Coadministration of rifabutin and isoniazid without dosage adjustment during twice-weekly tuberculosis therapy with nelfinavir-based antiretroviral therapy resulted in rifabutin exposures within the acceptable ranges for safety and efficacy. Therefore, this combination is an appropriate option for the simultaneous treatment of tuberculosis and HIV infection when tuberculosis therapy is given twice weekly. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20422 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20037 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles Cty Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Agouron Pharmaceut Inc, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Benator, DA (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 151 B,50 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA. EM debra.benator@med.va.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-01346] NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER, 806, 750 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 6 BP 793 EP 800 DI 10.1592/phco.27.6.793 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 172OF UT WOS:000246812900003 PM 17542762 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Little, J Higgins, J Ioannidis, JPA Gwinn, M AF Khoury, Muin J. Little, Julian Higgins, Julian Ioannidis, John P. A. Gwinn, Marta TI Reporting of systematic reviews: The challenge of genetic association studies SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Inst Publ Hlth, Cambridge, England. Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mukl@cdc.gov RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; Higgins, Julian/H-4008-2011 OI Higgins, Julian/0000-0002-8323-2514 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U105285807] NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1129 EP 1129 AR e211 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040211 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 182AA UT WOS:000247476300024 PM 17593896 ER PT J AU Beatty, PC Willis, GB AF Beatty, Paul C. Willis, Gordon B. TI Research synthesis: The practice of cognitive interviewing SO PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID SURVEY QUESTIONS; VERBAL REPORTS AB Cognitive interviewing has emerged as one of the more prominent methods for identifying and correcting problems with survey questions. We define cognitive interviewing as the administration of draft survey questions while collecting additional verbal information about the survey responses, which is used to evaluate the quality of the response or to help determine whether the question is generating the information that its author intends. But beyond this general categorization, cognitive interviewing potentially includes a variety of activities that may be based on different assumptions about the type of data that are being collected and the role of the interviewer in that process. This synthesis reviews the range of current cognitive interviewing practices, focusing on three considerations: (1) what are the dominant paradigms of cognitive interviewing-what is produced under each, and what are their apparent advantages; (2) what key decisions about cognitive interview study design need to be made once the general approach is selected (e.g., who should be interviewed, how many interviews should be conducted, and how should probes be selected), and what bases exist for making these decisions; and (3) how cognitive interviewing data should be evaluated, and what standards of evidence exist for making questionnaire design decisions based on study findings. In considering these issues, we highlight where standards for best practices are not clearly defined, and suggest broad areas worthy of additional methodological research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Beatty, PC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toeldo Rd,Room 3218, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM pbb5@cdc.gov NR 62 TC 221 Z9 222 U1 7 U2 69 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0033-362X J9 PUBLIC OPIN QUART JI Public Opin. Q. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 287 EP 311 DI 10.1093/poq/nfm006 PG 25 WC Communication; Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Communication; Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 223DT UT WOS:000250350500006 ER PT J AU Bhatti, P Preston, DL Doody, MM Hauptmann, M Kampa, D Alexander, BH Petibone, D Simon, SL Weinstock, RM Bouville, A Yong, LC Freedman, DM Mabuchi, K Linet, MS Edwards, AA Tucker, JD Sigurdson, AJ AF Bhatti, Parveen Preston, Dale L. Doody, Michele Morin Hauptmann, Michael Kampa, Diane Alexander, Bruce H. Petibone, Dayton Simon, Steven L. Weinstock, Robert M. Bouville, Andre Yong, Lee C. Freedman, D. Michal Mabuchi, Kiyohiko Linet, Martha S. Edwards, Alan A. Tucker, James D. Sigurdson, Alice J. TI Retrospective biodosimetry among United States radiologic technologists SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-INDUCED TRANSLOCATIONS; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATION ANALYSIS; FISH-DETECTED TRANSLOCATIONS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; SELLAFIELD NUCLEAR FACILITY; BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; IONIZING-RADIATION; CANCER INCIDENCE; CLEANUP WORKERS; SMOKING-HABITS AB Measurement of chromosome translocations in peripheral blood lymphocytes has been used to quantify prior exposure to ionizing radiation, including for workers exposed to low, chronic doses. We assessed translocation frequencies in a subset of U.S. radiologic technologists to substantiate ionizing radiation dose estimates developed for 110,418 technologists who worked between 1916 and 1984. From 3,441 cohort members known to have begun working before 1950, we selected a sample of 152, stratified by estimated cumulative dose, oversampling from higher-dose categories and excluding persons with a prior cancer diagnosis, a personal or family history of chromosomal instability disorders, or a current history of smoking. Estimates of film-badge dose ranged from less than 10 cSv to more than 30 cSv. Blood samples, obtained in 2004, were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) whole chromosome painting by simultaneously labeling chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 in red and 3, 5 and 6 in green. Translocations were scored in 1800 well-spread metaphase cells and expressed per 100 cell equivalents (CE) per person. Linear Poisson regression models with allowance for overdispersion were used to assess the relationship between estimated occupational red bone marrow absorbed dose in cGy and translocation frequency, adjusted for age, gender and estimated red bone marrow absorbed dose score from personal diagnostic procedures. We observed 0.09 excess translocations per 100 CE per cGy red bone marrow dose (95% CI: -0.01, 0.2; P = 0.07), which is similar to the expected estimate based on previous cytogenetic studies (0.05 excess translocations per 100 CE per cGy). Despite uncertainty in the estimates of occupational red bone marrow absorbed doses, we found good general agreement between the doses and translocation frequencies, lending support to the credibility of the dose assessment for this large cohort of U.S. radiologic technologists. (C) 2007 by Radiation Research Society C1 NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, DHHS,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. HiroSoft Int Corp, Seattle, WA USA. NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, DHHS,NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Netherlands Canc Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Didcot, Oxon, England. RP Sigurdson, AJ (reprint author), NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, DHHS,NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 7060,MSC 7238, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM sigurdsa@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [N01 CP31018, N02 CP31003, N02 CP31013, Y1 CP9012] NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 167 IS 6 BP 727 EP 734 DI 10.1667/RR0894.1 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 172RQ UT WOS:000246822100011 PM 17523852 ER PT J AU Wheeler, MW Bailer, AJ AF Wheeler, Matthew W. Bailer, A. John TI Properties of model-averaged BMDLs: A study of model averaging in dichotomous response risk estimation SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE average-dose estimate; average-model estimate; bias; bootstrapping; coverage; model space ID CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE; PULMONARY RESPONSE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; RATS; SELECTION; TIO2 AB Model averaging (MA) has been proposed as a method of accounting for model uncertainty in benchmark dose (BMD) estimation. The technique has been used to average BMD dose estimates derived from dichotomous dose-response experiments, microbial dose-response experiments, as well as observational epidemiological studies. While MA is a promising tool for the risk assessor, a previous study suggested that the simple strategy of averaging individual models' BMD lower limits did not yield interval estimators that met nominal coverage levels in certain situations, and this performance was very sensitive to the underlying model space chosen. We present a different, more computationally intensive, approach in which the BMD is estimated using the average dose-response model and the corresponding benchmark dose lower bound (BMDL) is computed by bootstrapping. This method is illustrated with TiO2 dose-response rat lung cancer data, and then systematically studied through an extensive Monte Carlo simulation. The results of this study suggest that the MA-BMD, estimated using this technique, performs better, in terms of bias and coverage, than the previous MA methodology. Further, the MA-BMDL achieves nominal coverage in most cases, and is superior to picking the "best fitting model" when estimating the benchmark dose. Although these results show utility of MA for benchmark dose risk estimation, they continue to highlight the importance of choosing an adequate model space as well as proper model fit diagnostics. C1 NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Miami Univ, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Stat, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Wheeler, MW (reprint author), NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, MS C-15,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM MWheeler@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 659 EP 670 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007-00920.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 193WA UT WOS:000248304700012 PM 17640214 ER PT J AU Crepaz, N Horn, AK Rama, SM Griffin, T Deluca, JB Mullins, MM Aral, SO AF Crepaz, Nicole Horn, Angela K. Rama, Sima M. Griffin, Tanesha Deluca, Julia B. Mullins, Mary M. Aral, Sevgi O. CA HIV AIDS Prevention Res Synthesis TI The efficacy of behavioral interventions in reducing HIV risk sex behaviors and incident sexually transmitted disease in black and hispanic sexually transmitted disease clinic patients in the United States: A meta-analytic review SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; REDUCTION INTERVENTION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SYNERGY; MINORITY WOMEN; CONDOM USE; MEN; PREVENTION; INFECTIONS; STD AB Objectives: Interventions targeting sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients provide an important opportunity to modify high-risk sex behaviors related to HIV/STD transmission. Identifying efficacious interventions for blacks and Hispanics is urgently needed because these 2 groups are disproportionately affected by the HIV/STD epidemics. Goal: This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of behavioral interventions in reducing unprotected sex and incident STD among black and Hispanic STD clinic patients. Study Design: Comprehensive searches, including electronic databases (1988-2004), hand searches of journals (January 2004 to June 2005), reference lists of articles, and contacts with researchers, identified 18 randomized, controlled trials meeting the selection criteria. Results: Interventions significantly reduced unprotected sex (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.68-0.87; 14 trials; N = 11,590) and incident STD (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.73-0.998; 13 trials; N = 16,172). Conclusions: Behavioral interventions provide an efficacious means of HIV/STD prevention for blacks and Hispanics who attend STD clinics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crepaz, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ncrepaz@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 7 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000240342.12960.73 PG 14 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 172DF UT WOS:000246783600001 PM 17038965 ER PT J AU Wilson, EK Gavin, NI Adams, EK Tao, GY Chireau, M AF Wilson, Ellen K. Gavin, Norma I. Adams, E. Kathleen Tao, Guoyu Chireau, Monique TI Patterns in prenatal syphilis screening among Florida medicaid enrollees SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; UNITED-STATES; CARE; QUALITY; WOMEN; OPPORTUNITIES; PREVENTION AB Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the rate of prenatal syphilis screening and compliance with clinical guidelines on the receipt of early and repeat screening in a Medicaid population before and after implementation of the National Plan to Eliminate Syphilis. Study Design: Rates of office- and clinic-based prenatal syphilis screening among pregnant women with Medicaid-covered deliveries in Florida in fiscal years (FYs) 1995 and 2000 are analyzed using Medicaid claims data. Results: The proportions of women receiving any, early, and repeat prenatal syphilis screening increased sharply between FY 1995 and FY 2000 but remain well below recommended levels. Screening is highly correlated with timing of prenatal care and Medicaid enrollment duration. Conclusions: Further efforts to improve screening rates will need to both increase the proportion of women who receive timely prenatal care and ensure that providers comply with guidelines to provide syphilis screening as a component of prenatal care for all women. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Durham, Durham DH1 3HP, England. RP Wilson, EK (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM ewilson@rti.org FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 378 EP 383 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000245908.23629.b8 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 172DF UT WOS:000246783600009 PM 17091116 ER EF