FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Murphy, L Schwartz, TA Helmick, CG Renner, JB Tudor, G Koch, G Dragomir, A Kalsbeek, WD Luta, G Jordan, JM AF Murphy, Louise Schwartz, Todd A. Helmick, Charles G. Renner, Jordan B. Tudor, Gail Koch, Gary Dragomir, Anca Kalsbeek, William D. Luta, Gheorghe Jordan, Joanne M. TI Lifetime risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PROGRESSION; DISEASE; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION; ALIGNMENT; HIP; PREVALENCE; ARTHRITIS; OUTCOMES AB Objective. To estimate the lifetime risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA), overall and stratified by sex, race, education, history of knee injury, and body mass index (BMI). Methods. The lifetime risk of symptomatic OA in at least 1 knee was estimated from logistic regression models with,generalized estimating equations among 3,068 participants of the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, a longitudinal :1 0 0 study, of black and white women and men age >= 45 years living in rural North Carolina. Radiographic, sociodemographic, and symptomatic knee data measured at baseline (1990-1997) and first followup (1999-2003) were analyzed. Results. The lifetime risk of symptomatic knee OA was 44.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 40.0-49.3%)). Cohort members with history of a knee injury had a lifetime risk of 56.8%, (95% CI 48.4-65.21%). Lifetime risk rose with increasing BMI. with a risk of 2 in 3 among those who were obese. Conclusion. Nearly half of the adults in Johnston County will develop symptomatic knee OA by age 85 years, with lifetime risk highest among obese persons. These current high risks in Johnston County may suggest similar risks in the general US Population. especially given the increase in 2 major risk factors for knee CIA, aging, kind obesity. This underscores the immediate need for greater use of clinical and public health interventions, especially those that address weight loss and self-management, to reduce the impact of having knee OA. C1 [Murphy, Louise] CDC, Arthritis Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Murphy, Louise] Business Comp Applicat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schwartz, Todd A.; Renner, Jordan B.; Koch, Gary; Kalsbeek, William D.; Jordan, Joanne M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Tudor, Gail] Huston Coll, Bangor, ME USA. [Dragomir, Anca] NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Luta, Gheorghe] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Murphy, L (reprint author), CDC, Arthritis Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NW,Mailstop K-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lmurphy1@cdc.gov RI Schwartz, Todd/D-4995-2012; OI Schwartz, Todd/0000-0002-0232-2543; Luta, George/0000-0002-4035-7632; Luta, George/0000-0001-9013-2207 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 39 TC 293 Z9 301 U1 6 U2 39 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 59 IS 9 BP 1207 EP 1213 DI 10.1002/art.24021 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 354WI UT WOS:000259669700002 PM 18759314 ER PT J AU Shehab, N Patel, PR Srinivasan, A Budnitz, DS AF Shehab, Nadine Patel, Priti R. Srinivasan, Arjun Budnitz, Daniel S. TI Emergency department visits for antibiotic-associated adverse events SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS; DRUG-REACTIONS; UNITED-STATES; OLDER-ADULTS; SORE THROAT; SURVEILLANCE; ENDOCARDITIS; PREVENTION AB Background. Drug-related adverse events are an underappreciated consequence of antibiotic use, and the national magnitude and scope of these events have not been studied. Our objective was to estimate and compare the numbers and rates of emergency department (ED) visits for drug-related adverse events associated with systemic antibiotics in the United States by drug class, individual drug, and event type. Methods. We analyzed drug-related adverse events from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project (2004-2006) and outpatient prescriptions from national sample surveys of ambulatory care practices, the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2004-2005). Results. On the basis of 6614 cases, an estimated 142,505 visits (95% confidence interval [CI], 116,506-168,504 visits) annually were made to US EDs for drug-related adverse events attributable to systemic antibiotics. Antibiotics were implicated in 19.3% of all ED visits for drug-related adverse events. Most ED visits for antibiotic-associated adverse events were for allergic reactions (78.7% of visits; 95% CI, 75.3%-82.1% of visits). One-half of the estimated ED visits were attributable to penicillins (36.9% of visits; 95% CI, 34.7%-39.2% of visits) and cephalosporins (12.2%; 95% CI, 10.9%-13.5%). Among commonly prescribed antibiotics, sulfonamides and clindamycin were associated with the highest rate of ED visits (18.9 ED visits per 10,000 outpatient prescription visits [95% CI, 13.1-24.7 ED visits per 10,000 outpatient prescription visits] and 18.5 ED visits per 10,000 outpatient prescription visits [95% CI, 12.1-25.0 ED visits per 10,000 outpatient prescription visits], respectively). Compared with all other antibiotic classes, sulfonamides were associated with a significantly higher rate of moderate-to-severe allergic reactions (4.3% [95% CI, 2.9%-5.8%] vs. 1.9 % [95% CI, 1.5%-2.3%]), and sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones were associated with a significantly higher rate of neurologic or psychiatric disturbances (1.4% [95% CI, 1.0% 1.7%] vs. 0.5% [95% CI, 0.4%-0.6%]). Conclusions. Antibiotic-associated adverse events lead to many ED visits, and allergic reactions are the most common events. Minimizing unnecessary antibiotic use by even a small percentage could significantly reduce the immediate and direct risks of drug-related adverse events in individual patients. C1 [Shehab, Nadine; Patel, Priti R.; Srinivasan, Arjun; Budnitz, Daniel S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Detect Preparedness & Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shehab, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Detect Preparedness & Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nshehab@cdc.gov FU CDC Research Participation Program; US Department of Energy; CDC FX We thank Victor Johnson and Benjamin Kupronis, for programming assistance; Kelly Weidenbach, Cathy Irish, and Joel Friedman, for assistance with data collection; and Linda McCaig and Cindy Friedman, for review of the manuscript.; Financial support. This work was implemented using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funding and was supported in part by an appointment (to N.S.) to the CDC Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the CDC. None of the funding sources had a role in the in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication.; Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: no conflicts. NR 45 TC 133 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 6 BP 735 EP 743 DI 10.1086/591126 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 339IH UT WOS:000258570800001 PM 18694344 ER PT J AU Jackson, LA Reynolds, MA Harpaz, R AF Jackson, Lisa A. Reynolds, Meredith A. Harpaz, Rafael TI Hospitalizations to treat herpes zoster in older adults: Causes and validated rates SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VARICELLA-ZOSTER; VIRUS-INFECTION; POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA; VACCINE INTRODUCTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK; POPULATIONS; AUSTRALIA; DATABASE AB Background. The availability of a vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster has increased interest in methods to measure zoster disease burden. Hospitalizations assigned a zoster diagnosis code have been used as indicators of severe zoster in prior studies. However, a zoster diagnosis code may not be a specific indicator of severe zoster illness, because the code may be assigned to a hospitalization for another cause in a person with coincident zoster. Methods. To assess the validity of a hospital diagnosis code of zoster as an indicator of hospitalizations that are attributable to zoster, we identified all hospitalizations with a zoster diagnosis code assigned in any position among members of a managed-care organization who were >= 50 years of age during 1992-2004. Of those, we selected a sample of 260 hospitalizations for chart review. Results. Chart reviews were completed for 225 hospitalizations. Sixty-five (29%) were because of zoster or a complication of zoster treatment, and an additional 9 (4%) were because of postherpetic neuralgia or a complication of postherpetic neuralgia treatment. Although the overall age-adjusted rate of hospitalizations with a zoster diagnosis code was 42.5 hospitalizations per 100,000 population per year, the estimated rate of hospitalizations because of zoster, postherpetic neuralgia, or adverse effects of a medication used to treat zoster or postherpetic neuralgia was only 14.0 hospitalizations per 100,000 population per year. Conclusions. Rates of hospitalizations associated with a zoster diagnosis code will substantially overestimate the burden of hospitalizations attributable to zoster in older adults. C1 [Jackson, Lisa A.] Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Reynolds, Meredith A.; Harpaz, Rafael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jackson, LA (reprint author), Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave, Ste 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM Jackson.L@ghc.org FU The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Financial support. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.; Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: no conflicts. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 6 BP 754 EP 759 DI 10.1086/591132 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 339IH UT WOS:000258570800004 PM 18680413 ER PT J AU Fischer, GE Teshale, EH Miller, C Schumann, C Winter, K Elson, F Horan, K Reed, CM Armstrong, GL Perz, JF AF Fischer, Gayle E. Teshale, Eyasu H. Miller, Claudia Schumann, Casey Winter, Kathleen Elson, Franny Horan, Katherine Reed, Christie M. Armstrong, Gregory L. Perz, Joseph F. TI Hepatitis A among international adoptees and their contacts SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; CHILDREN AB We identified 27 cases of hepatitis A among international adoptees (5 persons), their direct or indirect contacts (20 persons), and unvaccinated travelers to the adoptees' countries (2 persons). Most cases occurred among nontraveling contacts of adoptees, suggesting the need to extend prevention guidelines to include hepatitis A vaccination for at-risk nontravelers. C1 [Fischer, Gayle E.; Teshale, Eyasu H.; Perz, Joseph F.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Horan, Katherine; Reed, Christie M.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Miller, Claudia] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Schumann, Casey] Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Winter, Kathleen] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Sacramento, CA USA. [Elson, Franny; Armstrong, Gregory L.] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Fischer, GE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gefischer@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 6 BP 812 EP 814 DI 10.1086/591199 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 339IH UT WOS:000258570800012 PM 18684098 ER PT J AU Grandjean, P Budtz-Jorgensen, E Barr, DB Needham, LL Weihe, P Heinzow, B AF Grandjean, Philippe Budtz-Jorgensen, Esben Barr, Dana B. Needham, Larry L. Weihe, Pal Heinzow, Birger TI Elimination half-lives of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in children SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEAFOOD DIET; SERUM; EXPOSURE; YUSHO; SELENIUM; MERCURY; WORKERS; IMPACT; BLOOD; PCBS AB The elimination kinetics of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in humans is difficult to assess in observational studies, because PCB exposure is never completely abolished. In a community with high dietary PCB exposures from whale blubber, we examined two groups of children with increased body burdens from breast-feeding. Follow-up was from ages 4.5 to 7.5 years (99 subjects) and 7 to 14 years (101 subjects). The calculations were performed by the use of structural equation models, with adjustment for body weight and dietary blubber intake as the main source of postnatal exposure. As a likely result of background exposures, apparent elimination half-lives were unexpectedly long when based on results from all cohort members. Subjects with exposures above the median and in the highest quartile showed half-lives of about 3-4years for CB-138 and 4.5-5.5 years for CB-105 and CB-118; 6.5-7.5 years for CB-156, CB-170, and CB-187; and 7-9 years for CB-153 and CB-180. The longest half-lives correspond to elimination of the parent PCB solely with a daily fat excretion rate of 1-2 g, whereas shorter half-lives assume metabolic break-down. C1 [Grandjean, Philippe] Univ So Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. [Grandjean, Philippe] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Budtz-Jorgensen, Esben] Univ Copenhagen, Inst Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Barr, Dana B.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Heinzow, Birger] State Agcy Social Serv Schleswig Holstein, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Heinzow, Birger] Univ Notre Dame, Sch Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Grandjean, P (reprint author), Univ So Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, Winslowparken 17, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. EM Pgrand@hsph.harvard.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Grandjean, Philippe/0000-0003-4046-9658; Budtz-Jorgensen, Esben/0000-0002-5551-0724 FU U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES06112, ES09797] FX This study was supported by grants from the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES06112 and ES09797). The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the NIEHS, NIH, or any other funding agency. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 18 BP 6991 EP 6996 DI 10.1021/es800778q PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 347KM UT WOS:000259139400038 PM 18853821 ER PT J AU Trivers, KF Sabatino, SA Stewart, SL AF Trivers, Katrina F. Sabatino, Susan A. Stewart, Sherri L. TI Trends in esophageal cancer incidence by histology, United States, 1998-2003 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE esophageal neoplasms; epidemiology; United States ID GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX DISEASE; GASTRIC CARDIA; FEATURING CANCER; NATIONAL PROGRAM; ADENOCARCINOMAS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CARCINOMA; SURVEILLANCE; REGISTRIES; SUBSITE AB Esophageal adenocarcinoma rates may be increasing, whereas, squamous cell carcinoma rates appear to be decreasing in the United States. Previous population-based research on esophageal cancer has only covered up to 68% of the country. Additional, updated research on a larger percentage of the country is needed to describe racial, ethnic and regional trends in histologic subtypes of esophageal cancer. Invasive esophageal cancer cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2003 (n = 65,926), collected by the National Program of Cancer Registries or the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, were included. These data cover 83% of the US population. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma incidence fell by 3.6%/year, whereas esophageal adenocarcinoma increased by 2.1%/year. Squamous cell carcinoma rates decreased among both sexes in most racial or ethnic groups, whereas adenocarcinoma rates increased primarily among white or non-Hispanic men. Except for white or non-Hispanic men, squamous cell carcinoma rates were similar to, or greater than, adenocarcinoma rates for men and women of all other races and ethnicities. The largest decrease in squamous cell carcinoma rates occurred in the West census region, which also exhibited no increase in adenocarcinoma rates. The rate of regional and distant-staged adenocarcinomas increased, while rates for local-staged adenocarcinoma remained stable. This is the first article to characterize esophageal cancer trends using data covering the majority of the US. Substantial racial, ethnic and regional variation in esophageal cancer is present in the US. Our work may inform interventions related to tobacco and alcohol use, and overweight/obesity prevention, and provide avenues for further research. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Trivers, Katrina F.; Sabatino, Susan A.; Stewart, Sherri L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Trivers, KF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ktrivers@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries FX Grant sponsors: Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries. NR 45 TC 107 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 123 IS 6 BP 1422 EP 1428 DI 10.1002/ijc.23691 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 338BO UT WOS:000258480100027 PM 18546259 ER PT J AU Henderson, H AF Henderson, Headier TI Another perspective on veterinarians in public health SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CDC, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Henderson, H (reprint author), CDC, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 6 BP 865 EP 866 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 346DX UT WOS:000259049700012 PM 18810807 ER PT J AU Blanton, JD Palmer, D Christian, KA Rupprecht, CE AF Blanton, Jesse D. Palmer, Dustyn Christian, Kira A. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2007 SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; RACCOON RABIES; ORAL VACCINATION; VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH; INFECTION; EFFICACY; WILDLIFE; ANIMALS AB During 2007, 49 states and Puerto Rico reported 7,258 cases of rabies in animals and 1 case in a human to the CDC, representing a 4.6% increase from the 6,940 cases in animals and 3 cases in humans reported in 2006. Approximately 93% of the cases were in wildlife, and 7% were in domestic animals. Relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,659 raccoons (36.6%), 1,973 bats (272%), 1,478 skunks (20.4%), 489 foxes (6.7%), 274 cats (3.8%), 93 dogs (1.3%), and 57 cattle (0.8%). Compared with numbers of reported cases in 2006, cases in 2007 increased among dogs, bats, foxes, and skunks while decreases were reported among cattle, cats, and skunks. Increases in numbers of rabid raccoons during 2007 were reported by 11 of the 20 eastern states where raccoon rabies was enzootic, and reported cases increased by 1.7% overall, compared with 2006. On a national level, the number of rabies cases in skunks during 2007 decreased by 1.1% from the number reported in 2006. Texas reported the greatest number (n = 362) of rabid skunks and the greatest overall state total of animal rabies cases (969). No cases of rabies associated with the dog/coyote rabies virus variant were reported. The United States remains free of clog-to-clog transmission of canine rabies virus variants. The total number of cases of rabies reported nationally in foxes increased 14.5%, compared with 2006. Increases in the number of reported rabid foxes were attributable to greater numbers of foxes reported with the Arctic fox rabies virus variant in Alaska, the Texas gray fox rabies virus variant in Texas, and the raccoon rabies virus variant in Virginia. The 1,973 cases of rabies reported in bats represented a 16.6% increase over numbers reported in 2006. Cases of rabies in dogs and in sheep and goats increased 177% and 18.2%, respectively, whereas cases reported in cattle, cats, and horses and mules decreased 30.5%, 13.8%, and 20.8%, respectively. In Puerto Rico, reported cases of rabies in mongooses decreased 51.5%, and rabies in domestic animals, presumably attributable to spillover infection from mongooses, increased 25%. One human rabies case was reported from Minnesota during 2007 Although typing of the rabies virus variant in this case was not possible, an investigation of this case indicated a bat as the most likely source of exposure. C1 [Blanton, Jesse D.; Palmer, Dustyn; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Coordina, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Christian, Kira A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Blanton, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Coordina, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 71 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 6 BP 884 EP 897 DI 10.2460/javma.233.6.884 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 346DX UT WOS:000259049700017 PM 18795848 ER PT J AU Glynn, MK Lynn, TV AF Glynn, M. Kathleen Lynn, Tracey V. TI Brucellosis SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID LABORATORY-ACQUIRED BRUCELLOSIS; UNITED-STATES; CANINE BRUCELLOSIS; CONGENITAL BRUCELLOSIS; ABORTUS; VACCINE; SUIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MELITENSIS; ANTIBODIES C1 [Glynn, M. Kathleen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lynn, Tracey V.] Vet Serv, Ctr Emerging Issues, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Glynn, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 106 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 6 BP 900 EP 908 DI 10.2460/javma.233.6.900 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 346DX UT WOS:000259049700018 PM 18795849 ER PT J AU He, Q Eko, FO Lyn, D Ananaba, GA Bandea, C Martinez, J Joseph, K Kellar, K Black, CM Igietseme, JU AF He, Qing Eko, Francis O. Lyn, Deborah Ananaba, Godwin A. Bandea, Claudiu Martinez, Joseph Joseph, Kahaliah Kellar, Kathy Black, Carolyn M. Igietseme, Joseph U. TI Involvement of LEK1 in dendritic cell regulation of T cell immunity against Chlamydia SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALDRICH-SYNDROME PROTEIN; ANTIGEN; INFECTION; VACCINES AB We investigated the hypothesis that the enhanced Ag-presenting function of IL-10-deficient dendritic cells (DCs) is related to specific immunoregulatory cytoskeletal molecules expressed when exposed to Ags. We analyzed the role of a prominent cytoskeletal protein, LEK1, in the immunoregulation of DC functions; specifically cytokine secretion, costimulatory molecule expression, and T cell activation against Chlamydia. Targeted knockdown of LEK1 expression using specific antisense oligonucleotides resulted in the rapid maturation of Chlamydia-exposed DCs as measured by FACS analysis of key activation markers (i.e., CD14, CD40, CD54, CD80, CD86, CD197, CD205, and MHC class II). The secretion of mostly Th1 cytokines and chemokines (IL-1a, IL-9, IL-12, MIP-1a, and GM-CSF but not IL-4 and IL-10) was also enhanced by blocking if LEK1. The function of LEK1 in DC regulation involves cytoskeletal changes, since the dynamics of expression of vimentin and actin, key proteins of the cellular cytoskeleton, were altered after exposure of LEM knockdown DCs to Chlamydia. Furthermore, targeted inhibition of LEK1 expression resulted in the enhancement of the immunostimulatory capacity of DCs for T cell activation against Chlamydia. Thus, LEK1 knockdown DCs activated immune T cells at least 10-fold over untreated DCs. These results suggest that the effect of IL-10 deficiency is mediated through LEK1-related events that lead to rapid maturation of DCs and acquisition of the capacity to activate an elevated T cell response. Targeted modulation of LEK1 expression provides a novel strategy for augmenting the immunostimulatory function of DCs for inducing an effective immunity against pathogens. C1 [He, Qing] Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [He, Qing; Bandea, Claudiu; Martinez, Joseph; Joseph, Kahaliah; Kellar, Kathy; Black, Carolyn M.; Igietseme, Joseph U.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ananaba, Godwin A.] Clark Atlanta Univ, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP He, Q (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. EM qhc@msm.edu FU Public Health Service [A141231, GM 08248, RR03034]; National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was supported by Public Health Service grants (A141231, GM 08248, and RR03034) from the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 181 IS 6 BP 4037 EP 4042 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 349AE UT WOS:000259250400039 PM 18768859 ER PT J AU Desai, K Sansom, SL Ackers, ML Stewart, SR Hall, HI Hu, DJ Sanders, R Scotton, CR Soorapanth, S Boily, MC Garnett, GP McElroy, PD AF Desai, Kamal Sansom, Stephanie L. Ackers, Marta L. Stewart, Scott R. Hall, H. Irene Hu, Dale J. Sanders, Rachel Scotton, Carol R. Soorapanth, Sada Boily, Marie-Claude Garnett, Geoffrey P. McElroy, Peter D. TI Modeling the impact of HIV chemoprophylaxis strategies among men who have sex with men in the United States: HIV infections prevented and cost-effectiveness SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE chemoprophylaxis; economics; HIV; homosexual men; mathematical models; preexposure prophylaxis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; VIRAL LOAD; GAY MEN; RISK BEHAVIOR; SAN-FRANCISCO; COITAL ACT; TYPE-1 AB Background and objective: HIV chemoprophylaxis may be a future prevention strategy to help control the global epidemic of HIV/AIDS. Safety and efficacy trials of two agents are Currently underway. We assess the expected number of HIV cases prevented and cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical HIV chemoprophylaxis program among men who have sex with men in a large US city. Design and methods: We developed a stochastic compartmental mathematical model using HIV/AIDS surveillance data to simulate the HIV epidemic and the impact of a 5-year chemoprophylaxis program under varying assumptions for epidemiological, behavioral, programmatic and cost parameters. We estimated program effectiveness and costs from the perspective of the US healthcare system compared with current HIV prevention practices. The main outcome measures were number of HIV infections prevented and incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-years saved. Results: A chemoprophylaxis program targeting 25% of high-risk men who have sex with men in New York City could prevent 780 (4%) to 4510 (23%) of the 19 510 HIV infections predicted to occur among all men who have sex with men in New York City in 5 years. More than half of prevented infections would be among those not taking chemoprophylaxis but who benefit from reduced HIV prevalence in the community. Under base-case assumptions, incremental cost was US$ 31 970 per quality-adjusted life-years saved. The program was cost-effective under most variations in efficacy, mechanism of protection and adherence. Conclusion: HIV chemoprophylaxis among high-risk men who have sex with men in a major US city could prevent a significant number of HIV infections and be cost-effective. (C) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Desai, Kamal; Boily, Marie-Claude; Garnett, Geoffrey P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. [Sansom, Stephanie L.; Ackers, Marta L.; Hall, H. Irene; Hu, Dale J.; Scotton, Carol R.; Soorapanth, Sada; McElroy, Peter D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stewart, Scott R.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Sanders, Rachel] Constella Grp LLC Futures Grp Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Desai, K (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Norfolk Pl, London W2 1PG, England. EM kamal.desai@imperial.ac.uk RI Garnett, Geoffrey/A-9312-2008; Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011; OI Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813; Soorapanth, Sada/0000-0002-0644-9082 FU US Department of Health and Human Services; Public Health Service; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX All stages of this work was funded by the US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, including design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of data; and preparation, review, and approval of the manuscript. NR 69 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 12 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 14 BP 1829 EP 1839 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830e00f5 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 353DQ UT WOS:000259546700018 PM 18753932 ER PT J AU Russell, CA Jones, TC Barr, IG Cox, NJ Garten, RJ Gregory, V Gust, ID Hampson, AW Hay, AJ Hurt, AC de Jong, JC Kelso, A Klimov, AI Kageyama, T Komadina, N Lapedes, AS Lin, YP Mosterin, A Obuchi, M Odagiri, T Osterhaus, ADME Rimmelzwaan, GF Shaw, MW Skepner, E Stohri, K Tashiro, M Fouchier, RAM Smith, DJ AF Russell, Colin A. Jones, Terry C. Barr, Ian G. Cox, Nancy J. Garten, Rebecca J. Gregory, Vicky Gust, Ian D. Hampson, Alan W. Hay, Alan J. Hurt, Aeron C. de Jong, Jan C. Kelso, Anne Klimov, Alexander I. Kageyama, Tsutomu Komadina, Naomi Lapedes, Alan S. Lin, Yi P. Mosterin, Ana Obuchi, Masatsugu Odagiri, Takato Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E. Rimmelzwaan, Guus F. Shaw, Michael W. Skepner, Eugene Stohri, Klaus Tashiro, Masato Fouchier, Ron A. M. Smith, Derek J. TI Influenza vaccine strain selection and recent studies on the global migration of seasonal influenza viruses SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; Vaccine strain selection; Seasonal influenza viruses ID SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIC AB Annual influenza epidemics in humans affect 5-15% of the population, causing an estimated half million deaths worldwide per year [Stohr K. Influenza-WHO cares. Lancet Infectious Diseases 2002;2(9):517]. The virus can infect this proportion of people year after year because the virus has an extensive capacity to evolve and thus evade the immune response. For example, since the influenza A(H3N2) subtype entered the human population in 1968 the A(H3N2) component of the influenza vaccine has had to be updated almost 30 times to track the evolution of the viruses and remain effective. The World Health Organization Global Influenza Surveillance Network (WHO GISN) tracks and analyzes the evolution and epidemiology of influenza viruses for the primary purpose of vaccine strain selection and to improve the strain selection process through studies aimed at better understanding virus evolution and epidemiology. Here we give an overview of the strain selection process and outline recent investigations into the global migration of seasonal influenza viruses. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Russell, Colin A.; Jones, Terry C.; de Jong, Jan C.; Mosterin, Ana; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.; Rimmelzwaan, Guus F.; Skepner, Eugene; Fouchier, Ron A. M.; Smith, Derek J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Jones, Terry C.; de Jong, Jan C.; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.; Rimmelzwaan, Guus F.; Fouchier, Ron A. M.; Smith, Derek J.] Erasmus MC, Dept Virol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Jones, Terry C.; Mosterin, Ana] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. [Barr, Ian G.; Gust, Ian D.; Hampson, Alan W.; Hurt, Aeron C.; Kelso, Anne; Komadina, Naomi] WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Cox, Nancy J.; Garten, Rebecca J.; Klimov, Alexander I.; Shaw, Michael W.] WHO, Collaborating Ctr Influenza, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gregory, Vicky; Hay, Alan J.; Lin, Yi P.] WHO, Collaborating Ctr Influenza, Natl Inst Med Res, London, England. [Kageyama, Tsutomu; Obuchi, Masatsugu; Odagiri, Takato; Tashiro, Masato] WHO, Collaborating Ctr Influenza, Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. [Lapedes, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Stohri, Klaus] Novartis Vaccines & Diagnost, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. RI Fouchier, Ron/A-1911-2014; OI Fouchier, Ron/0000-0001-8095-2869; Osterhaus, Albert/0000-0002-6074-1172; Russell, Colin/0000-0002-2113-162X; Hurt, Aeron/0000-0003-1826-4314 FU NIH Director's Pioneer Award [DP1-OD000490-01]; NIAID-NIH [HHSN266200700010C]; De Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Netherlands Influenza Vaccine Research Centre; Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing; The Medical Research Council (UK) FX We are thankful for the enormous contributions of individuals throughout the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network, particularly those in National Influenza Centers. This work was supported by an NIH Director's Pioneer Award to DJS, part of the NIH roadmap for medical research, through grant number DP1-OD000490-01. RAMF is supported by NIAID-NIH contract HHSN266200700010C, and the De Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Netherlands Influenza Vaccine Research Centre. The Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza is supported by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. The WHO Collaborating Centre for Influenza, NIMR, UK is funded by The Medical Research Council (UK). The conclusions presented in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agencies. NR 17 TC 112 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 12 PY 2008 VL 26 SU 4 BP D31 EP D34 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.078 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 362NO UT WOS:000260204600008 PM 19230156 ER PT J AU Stephens, JW AF Stephens, James W. TI Welcome and opening remarks 2007 CDC-ATSDR symposium on statistical methods - Preface SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stephens, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop D-50,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 20 BP 3925 EP 3926 DI 10.1002/sim.3277 PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 345AH UT WOS:000258967900001 PM 18416444 ER PT J AU Young, LJ Gotway, CA Yang, J Kearney, G DuClos, C AF Young, Linda J. Gotway, Carol A. Yang, Jie Kearney, Greg DuClos, Chris TI Assessing the association between environmental impacts and health outcomes: A case study from Florida SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Symposium on Statistical Methods CY APR 17-18, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP CDC, ATSDR DE spatial support; block kriging; Environmental Public Health Tracking; myocardial infarction; ozone ID GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; VARYING-COEFFICIENT MODELS; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; SPATIAL DATA; DISEASE; ASTHMA; CITIES; OZONE AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) created the Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT) program to integrate hazard monitoring, exposure. and health effects surveillance into a cohesive tracking network. Part of Florida's effort to move toward implementation of EPHT is to develop models of the spatial and temporal association between myocardial infarctions (MIs) and ambient ozone levels in Florida. Existing data were obtained from Florida's Agency for Health Care Administration, Florida's Department of Environmental Protection. the U.S. Census Bureau, and CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. These data were linked by both ignoring spatial support and using block kriging. a support-adjusted approach. The MI data were indirectly standardized by age, race/ethnicity, and sex. The state of Florida was used as the comparison standard to compute the MI standardized event ratio (SER) for each county and each month. After the data were linked, global models were used initially to relate MIs to ambient ozone levels, adjusting for covariates. The global models provide an estimated relative MI SER for the state. Realizing that the association in MIs and ozone might change across locations, local models were used to estimate the relative MI SER for each county, again adjusting for covariates. Results differed, depending on whether the spatial support was ignored or accounted for in the models. The opportunities and challenges associated with EPHT analyses are discussed and future directions highlighted. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Young, Linda J.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gotway, Carol A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kearney, Greg; DuClos, Chris] Florida Dept Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Young, LJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Stat, POB 110339, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM LJYoung@ufl.edu FU NCEH CDC HHS [5 U38 EH000177-02] NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 20 BP 3998 EP 4015 DI 10.1002/sim.3249 PG 18 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 345AH UT WOS:000258967900006 PM 18320551 ER PT J AU Barker, L Cadwell, BL AF Barker, Lawrence Cadwell, Betsy L. TI An analysis of eight 95 per cent confidence intervals for a ratio of Poisson parameters when events are rare SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Symposium on Statistical Methods CY APR 17-18, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP CDC, ATSDR DE confidence intervals; Poisson; small sample AB We compared eight nominal 95 per cent confidence intervals for the ratio of two Poisson parameters, both assumed small, on their true coverage (the probability that the interval includes the ratio of Poisson parameters) and median width. The commonly used log-linear interval, justified by asymptotic considerations, provided coverage and relatively narrow intervals, despite small numbers of arrivals. However, the uniform and scores intervals, defined in the text, come very close to providing coverage while providing substantially narrower intervals. These intervals might have practical applications. In a sensitivity analysis, none of the intervals maintained coverage for negative binomial data, indicating that distributional assumptions should be checked before taking our recommendations. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Barker, Lawrence; Cadwell, Betsy L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barker, L (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS K-28, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lsb8@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 20 BP 4030 EP 4037 DI 10.1002/sim.3234 PG 8 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 345AH UT WOS:000258967900008 PM 18288790 ER PT J AU Caudill, SP Schleicher, RL Pirkle, JL AF Caudill, Salntlel P. Schleicher, Rosemary L. Pirkle, James L. TI Multi-rule quality control for the age-related eye disease study SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Symposium on Statistical Methods CY APR 17-18, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP CDC, ATSDR DE Age-Related Eye Disease Study; average run length; micronuttrients; multi-rule QC system; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ID HIGH-DOSE SUPPLEMENTATION; VITAMIN-C; CLINICAL-TRIAL; BETA-CAROTENE; CONTROL CHART; VISION LOSS AB The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), sponsored by the National Eye Institute, was designed to study the natural history and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataract, and to evaluate the effect of high doses of antioxidants and zinc on eye disease progression. AMD and cataract are leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in the U.S., with frequency of both diseases increasing dramatically after age 65. Participants were randomly chosen to receive antioxidant or placebo tablets. Blood was drawn annually froth a subset of patients, and serum concentrations of 17 different nutritional indicators were measured. Because of the complexity of the analytical methods, and possibility of instrument error due to failure of any one of many component parts, several different instruments were used for most analytes. In addition, to assure that the measurement systems were performing adequately across a wide range of concentrations, multiple control pools were monitored with analyte concentrations at low, medium, and high concentrations. We report here the multi-rule quality control system (MRQCS) used during the later part of the trial (AREDS Phase III). This system was designed to monitor systematic error and random within- and among-run error for analytical runs using 1-3 different quality control pools per run and 1-2 measurements of each pool per run. We demonstrate the features of the MRQCS using quality control (QC) data associated with vitamin C measurements. We also provide operating characteristics to demonstrate how the MRQCS responds to increases in systematic and/or random error. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. C1 [Caudill, Salntlel P.; Schleicher, Rosemary L.; Pirkle, James L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Caudill, SP (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS-F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM spc1@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 20 BP 4094 EP 4106 DI 10.1002/sim.3222 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 345AH UT WOS:000258967900013 PM 18344178 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ Stevenson, J AF Smith, Philip J. Stevenson, John TI Racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination coverage by 19 months of age: An evaluation of the impact of missing data resulting from record scattering SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Symposium on Statistical Methods CY APR 17-18, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP CDC, ATSDR DE disparities; missing data; record scattering; weighting class ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; ETHNIC DISPARITIES; CHILDREN; CARE AB We describe how trends in the vaccination coverage at 19 months of age vary by race/ethnicity; explore the extent to which data required to evaluate a child's up-to-date vaccination status is missing as a result of the scattering of vaccination records among many vaccination providers; evaluate how the prevalence of that missing data varies by race/ethnicity; and evaluate the impact that the missing data has on estimated race/ethnic disparities in vaccination coverage. We analyzed data from 255 043 children sampled between 1995 and 2006 by the National Immunization Survey (NIS). Among children who had 2+ vaccination providers reporting, estimated vaccination coverage was significantly lower by approximately 15 per cent among children who did not have all of their providers reporting to the NIS compared with children who had all of their vaccination providers reporting to the NIS. By comparing coverage estimates that were adjusted for missing data to unadjusted estimates, we found that unadjusted estimates consistently underestimated vaccination coverage by as much as 4.9 per cent for Asians, 4.8 per cent for Hispanics, 4.1 per cent for American Indian/Alaska Natives, 3.3 per cent for non-Hispanic blacks, and 2.8 per cent for non-Hispanic white children. Estimates of disparities in estimated vaccination coverage did not depend on whether coverage estimates were adjusted for missing data. Hispanic and non-Hispanic black children had estimated coverage rates that were significantly less than that of non-Hispanic white children, with median disparities of 4 and 9 per cent, respectively. Regardless of whether estimates are adjusted, data from the NIS show that disparities in vaccination coverage that existed in the early 1990s persist. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Smith, Philip J.; Stevenson, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MS E-32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pzs6@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 20 BP 4107 EP 4118 DI 10.1002/sim.3223 PG 12 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 345AH UT WOS:000258967900014 PM 18344180 ER PT J AU Ruiz, P Faroon, O Moudgal, CJ Hansen, H De Rosa, CT Mumtaz, M AF Ruiz, P. Faroon, O. Moudgal, C. J. Hansen, H. De Rosa, C. T. Mumtaz, M. TI Prediction of the health effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their metabolites using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 05-09, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Toxicol DE QSAR; SAR; Computational toxicology; Polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs ID JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; ENZYME-ALTERED ISLANDS; RAT-LIVER; AROCLOR 1254; REGULATORY ACCEPTANCE; CHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; PROMOTING ACTIVITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; DNA-DAMAGE; MOUSE LUNG AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 persistent environmental contaminants that are slightly different but structurally related. PCBs are known to induce a variety of health effects and often have been toxicologically tested as complex commercial mixtures (Aroclors) but environmental exposure occurs separately to a small number of specific congeners. Recently, the Third National Report on Human Exposures to Environmental Chemicals, an assessment of exposure data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), identified 35 individual PCB congeners in the U.S. population. These types of findings necessitate the toxicity evaluation of individual congeners but adequate toxicity data for most individual PCB congeners are not available. Due to this, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach was used to assess the potential mutagenesis and carcinogenesis of individual congeners and their possible metabolites. The predictions were analyzed to define the underlying generalizations between the parent PCBs, their metabolites, and some important toxicological endpoints. This analysis reveals that (1) mono and di-chlorinated PCBs and their metabolites can be potential mutagens; (2) PCB benzoquinone metabolites could be carcinogenic but the weight of evidence is poor. These results support the hypothesis that environmental exposure to some PCBs and/or their metabolites could produce mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity. Hence, these data should be considered as priority toxicological testing data needs. As with all computational toxicology analytical findings, these conclusions must yield to empirical data as they become available. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Moudgal, C. J.] US EPA, Threat & Consequence Assessment Div, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Kansas City, KS USA. [Ruiz, P.; Faroon, O.; Hansen, H.; De Rosa, C. T.; Mumtaz, M.] Computat Toxicol & Methods Dev Unit, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ruiz, P (reprint author), Computat Toxicol & Methods Dev Unit, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-F32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pruiz@cdc.gov NR 74 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 181 IS 1 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.870 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 361RO UT WOS:000260145000008 PM 18662755 ER PT J AU Hossain, MJ Hickman, D Perez, DR AF Hossain, Md Jaber Hickman, Danielle Perez, Daniel R. TI Evidence of Expanded Host Range and Mammalian-Associated Genetic Changes in a Duck H9N2 Influenza Virus Following Adaptation in Quail and Chickens SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB H9N2 avian influenza viruses continue to circulate worldwide; in Asia, H9N2 viruses have caused disease outbreaks and established lineages in land-based poultry. Some H9N2 strains are considered potentially pandemic because they have infected humans causing mild respiratory disease. In addition, some of these H9N2 strains replicate efficiently in mice without prior adaptation suggesting that H9N2 strains are expanding their host range. In order to understand the molecular basis of the interspecies transmission of H9N2 viruses, we adapted in the laboratory a wildtype duck H9N2 virus, influenza A/duck/Hong Kong/702/79 (WT702) virus, in quail and chickens through serial lung passages. We carried out comparative analysis of the replication and transmission in quail and chickens of WT702 and the viruses obtained after 23 serial passages in quail (QA23) followed by 10 serial passages in chickens (QA23CkA10). Although the WT702 virus can replicate and transmit in quail, it replicates poorly and does not transmit in chickens. In contrast, the QA23CkA10 virus was very efficient at replicating and transmitting in quail and chickens. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the QA23 and QA23CkA10 viruses compared to the WT702 virus indicated several nucleotide substitutions resulting in amino acid changes within the surface and internal proteins. In addition, a 21-amino acid deletion was found in the stalk of the NA protein of the QA23 virus and was maintained without further modification in the QA23CkA10 adapted virus. More importantly, both the QA23 and the QA23CkA10 viruses, unlike the WT702 virus, were able to readily infect mice, produce a large-plaque phenotype, showed faster replication kinetics in tissue culture, and resulted in the quick selection of the K627 amino acid mammalian-associated signature in PB2. These results are in agreement with the notion that adaptation of H9 viruses to land-based birds can lead to strains with expanded host range. C1 [Hossain, Md Jaber; Hickman, Danielle; Perez, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD USA. [Hossain, Md Jaber; Hickman, Danielle; Perez, Daniel R.] Virginia Maryland Region Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD USA. RP Hossain, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Mol Virol & Vaccines Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dperez1@umd.edu OI Perez, Daniel/0000-0002-6569-5689 FU NIAID-NIH [RO1AI052155, HHSN266200700010C]; USDA-CSREES [2005-05523] FX This research was funded in part from the following grants and contracts: NIAID-NIH RO1AI052155, USDA-CSREES 2005-05523, and NIAID-NIH HHSN266200700010C. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 9 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 9 AR e3170 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003170 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 422JY UT WOS:000264425100006 PM 18779858 ER PT J AU Nelson, JC Jackson, M Yu, O Whitney, CG Bounds, L Bittner, R Zavitkovsky, A Jackson, LA AF Nelson, Jennifer C. Jackson, Michael Yu, Onchee Whitney, Cynthia G. Bounds, Lora Bittner, Rachel Zavitkovsky, Ann Jackson, Lisa A. TI Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on rates of community acquired pneumonia in children and adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE pneumonia; heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate; vaccine; immunity herd ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; OLDER-ADULTS; DISEASE; SEROTYPES; ERA AB Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use among young children has led to significant declines in invasive pneumococcal disease in the United States, but the impact on community-acquired pneumonia is unknown. We conducted population-based pneumonia Surveillance among 794,282 Group Health members before and after infant vaccine introduction in 2000. We presumptively identified pneumonia episodes using diagnosis codes assigned to medical encounters and confirmed 17,513 Outpatient and 6318 hospitalized events by reviewing chest radiograph reports or hospitalization records. There was evidence for a decline in rates of both outpatient and hospitalized pneumonia in children less than I year of age following vaccine introduction but there were no consistent reductions in pneumonia rates among older children and adults. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nelson, Jennifer C.; Jackson, Michael; Yu, Onchee; Bounds, Lora; Bittner, Rachel; Zavitkovsky, Ann; Jackson, Lisa A.] Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA USA. [Nelson, Jennifer C.; Bittner, Rachel] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jackson, Michael; Jackson, Lisa A.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Whitney, Cynthia G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nelson, JC (reprint author), 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM nelson.jl@ghc.org FU Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine (ATPM); [U50 CCU300860 TS-1244] FX Funding support was provided through a Cooperative Agreement between the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine (ATPM), award number U50 CCU300860 TS-1244. We also thank Troy Scott and Shanshan Zhao for their programming and statistical analysis contributions. NR 34 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 8 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 38 BP 4947 EP 4954 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.016 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 356BC UT WOS:000259752700011 PM 18662735 ER PT J AU Hornig, M Briese, T Buie, T Bauman, ML Lauwers, G Siemetzki, U Hummel, K Rota, PA Bellini, WJ O'Leary, JJ Sheils, O Alden, E Pickering, L Lipkin, WI AF Hornig, Mady Briese, Thomas Buie, Timothy Bauman, Margaret L. Lauwers, Gregory Siemetzki, Ulrike Hummel, Kimberly Rota, Paul A. Bellini, William J. O'Leary, John J. Sheils, Orla Alden, Errol Pickering, Larry Lipkin, W. Ian TI Lack of Association between Measles Virus Vaccine and Autism with Enteropathy: A Case-Control Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; LYMPHOCYTE CYTOKINE PROFILES; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; SPECTRUM DISORDER; NO EVIDENCE; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS; NODULAR HYPERPLASIA; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; REGRESSIVE AUTISM AB Background: The presence of measles virus (MV) RNA in bowel tissue from children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances was reported in 1998. Subsequent investigations found no associations between MV exposure and ASD but did not test for the presence of MV RNA in bowel or focus on children with ASD and GI disturbances. Failure to replicate the original study design may contribute to continued public concern with respect to the safety of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Methodology/Principal Findings: The objective of this case-control study was to determine whether children with GI disturbances and autism are more likely than children with GI disturbances alone to have MV RNA and/or inflammation in bowel tissues and if autism and/or GI episode onset relate temporally to receipt of MMR. The sample was an age-matched group of US children undergoing clinically-indicated ileocolonoscopy. Ileal and cecal tissues from 25 children with autism and GI disturbances and 13 children with GI disturbances alone (controls) were evaluated by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR for presence of MV RNA in three laboratories blinded to diagnosis, including one wherein the original findings suggesting a link between MV and ASD were reported. The temporal order of onset of GI episodes and autism relative to timing of MMR administration was examined. We found no differences between case and control groups in the presence of MV RNA in ileum and cecum. Results were consistent across the three laboratory sites. GI symptom and autism onset were unrelated to MMR timing. Eighty-eight percent of ASD cases had behavioral regression. Conclusions/Significance: This study provides strong evidence against association of autism with persistent MV RNA in the GI tract or MMR exposure. Autism with GI disturbances is associated with elevated rates of regression in language or other skills and may represent an endophenotype distinct from other ASD. C1 [Hornig, Mady; Briese, Thomas; Siemetzki, Ulrike; Lipkin, W. Ian] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Buie, Timothy] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Boston, MA USA. [Bauman, Margaret L.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Dept Pediat, LADDERS, Boston, MA USA. [Lauwers, Gregory] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA USA. [Hummel, Kimberly; Rota, Paul A.; Bellini, William J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [O'Leary, John J.; Sheils, Orla] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Histopathol, Dublin, Ireland. [Alden, Errol] American Acad Pediat, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. [Pickering, Larry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hornig, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM mady.hornig@columbia.edu; wil2001@columbia.edu RI Sheils, Orla Sheils/B-8461-2015 OI Sheils, Orla Sheils/0000-0002-4493-9496 FU CDC [U50 CCU522351]; National Institutes of Health [AI57158, HL083850, NS47537] FX This work was supported by CDC grant U50 CCU522351 to AAP and by National Institutes of Health awards AI57158 (Northeast Biodefense Center-Lipkin), HL083850, and NS47537. Role of Study Sponsors: Members of the funding organization (AAP) and its sponsor (CDC) participated along with experts in virology and neurovirology, autism pathogenesis, and vaccine design and safety; representatives of the autism advocacy community; and study collaborators in an Oversight Committee that reviewed and agreed to all aspects of study design prior to data collection. The final decision to submit for publication was the responsibility of all study collaborators. NR 49 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 39 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 9 AR e3140 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003140 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 422HU UT WOS:000264419100008 PM 18769550 ER PT J AU Lasser, KE Kelly, B Maier, J Murillo, J Hoover, S Isenberg, K Osber, D Pilkauskas, N Willis, BC Hersey, J AF Lasser, Karen E. Kelly, Bridget Maier, Jan Murillo, Jennifer Hoover, Sonia Isenberg, Karen Osber, Deborah Pilkauskas, Natasha Willis, Bayo C. Hersey, James TI Discussions about preventive services: a qualitative study SO BMC FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID PATIENT-CENTERED COMMUNICATION; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; SCREENING SIGMOIDOSCOPY; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; ADULT IMMUNIZATION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; PHYSICIAN; CARE; DISPARITIES AB Background: Elderly minority patients are less likely to receive influenza vaccination and colorectal cancer screening than are other patients. Communication between primary care providers (PCPs) and patients may affect service receipt. Methods: Encounters between 7 PCPs and 18 elderly patients were observed and audiotaped at 2 community health centers. Three investigators coded transcribed audiotapes and field notes. We used qualitative analysis to identify specific potential barriers to completion of preventive services and to highlight examples of how physicians used patient-centered communication and other facilitation strategies to overcome those barriers. Results: Sharing of power and responsibility, the use of empathy, and treating the patient like a person were all important communication strategies which seemed to help address barriers to vaccination and colonoscopy. Other potential facilitators of receipt of influenza vaccine included (1) cultural competence, (2) PCP introduction of the discussion, (3) persistence of the PCP (revisiting the topic throughout the visit), (4) rapport and trust between the patient and PCP, and (5) PCP vaccination of the patient. PCP persistence as well as rapport and trust also appeared to facilitate receipt of colorectal cancer screening. Conclusion: Several communications strategies appeared to facilitate PCP communications with older patients to promote acceptance of flu vaccination and colorectal cancer screening. These strategies should be studied with larger samples to determine which are most predictive of compliance with prevention recommendations. C1 [Lasser, Karen E.; Murillo, Jennifer] Cambridge Hlth Alliance, Dept Med, Cambridge, MA USA. [Lasser, Karen E.; Murillo, Jennifer] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kelly, Bridget; Maier, Jan; Murillo, Jennifer; Hoover, Sonia; Isenberg, Karen; Osber, Deborah; Pilkauskas, Natasha; Hersey, James] RTI Int Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Kelly, Bridget; Maier, Jan; Murillo, Jennifer; Hoover, Sonia; Isenberg, Karen; Osber, Deborah; Pilkauskas, Natasha; Hersey, James] RTI Int Inc, Waltham, MA USA. [Willis, Bayo C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lasser, KE (reprint author), Cambridge Hlth Alliance, Dept Med, Cambridge, MA USA. EM klasser@challiance.org; bkelly@rti.org; jmaier@rti.org; jmurillo@challiance.org; shoover@rti.org; kisenberg@rti.org; deborahso@yahoo.com; np2247@columbia.edu; bnw6@cdc.gov; hersey@rti.org OI Lasser, Karen/0000-0003-3777-6075 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [TS-1300]; American Cancer Society [MRSGT-05-007-01-CPPB] FX This study was supported by grant TS-1300 CDC Cooperative Agreement No. U50/CCU3300860 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dr. Lasser's work was also supported by Mentored Research Scholar Grant MRSGT-05-007-01-CPPB from the American Cancer Society. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2296 J9 BMC FAM PRACT JI BMC Fam. Pract. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 49 DI 10.1186/1471-2296-9-49 PG 11 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 356LD UT WOS:000259778800001 PM 18768086 ER PT J AU Luginbuhl, RC Jackson, LL Castillo, DN Loringer, KA AF Luginbuhl, R. C. Jackson, L. L. Castillo, D. N. Loringer, K. A. TI Heat-related deaths among crop workers - United States, 1992-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 649-653, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Luginbuhl, R. C.] N Carolina Dept Labor, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. [Jackson, L. L.; Castillo, D. N.] NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Washington, DC USA. [Loringer, K. A.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Luginbuhl, RC (reprint author), N Carolina Dept Labor, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. NR 1 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 9 BP 1017 EP 1018 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 342YN UT WOS:000258819600009 ER PT J AU Schober, SE Zhang, C Brody, DJ Marano, C AF Schober, S. E. Zhang, C. Brody, D. J. Marano, C. TI Disparities in secondhand smoke exposure - United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 744-747, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID POPULATION; COTININE; ADULTS C1 [Schober, S. E.; Zhang, C.; Brody, D. J.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Marano, C.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schober, SE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 9 BP 1019 EP 1020 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 342YN UT WOS:000258819600010 ER PT J AU Aidoo, M Sawadogo, S Bile, EC Yang, C NKengasong, JN McNicholl, JM AF Aidoo, M. Sawadogo, S. Bile, E. C. Yang, C. NKengasong, J. N. McNicholl, J. M. TI Viral, HLA and T cell elements in cross-reactive immune responses to HIV-1 subtype A, CRF01_AE and CRF02_AG vaccine sequence in Ivorian blood donors SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE HIV; T cells; cross-reactivity ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AIDS VACCINE; COTE-DIVOIRE; LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; DNA VACCINE; TYPE-1; EPITOPE; ESCAPE; INFECTIONS; GAG AB Comprehensive understanding of the determinants of cross-subtype immune responses in HIV infection is critical to developing efficacious HIV vaccines against multiple vital subtypes. Because HIV-1 subtype A or recombinants comprising subtype A are prevalent in Africa and parts of Asia where HIV is spreading, we assessed the determinants of cross-subtype immune responses in HIV-infected blood donors from Cote d'Ivoire to peptides from a candidate CRF02_AG vaccine sequence, a subtype A sequence from western Kenya and a CRF01_AE sequence from Thailand. We present evidence that immune recognition of multiple viral subtypes is maintained by recognition of multiple epitopes. Our data suggest that complete escape of HIV from immune recognition is uncommon. Evaluation of these frequently generated cross-reactive responses should be included in immunogenicity trials of HIV vaccines. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Aidoo, M.; Sawadogo, S.; Bile, E. C.; Yang, C.; NKengasong, J. N.; McNicholl, J. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sawadogo, S.; Bile, E. C.; NKengasong, J. N.] Project RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Aidoo, M (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM maidoo@cdc.gov RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 FU Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was funded by the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors thank Dr. Stephania Koblavi-Deme for assistance in coordinating blood collection, and Dr. William Dowling and Dr. Francine McCutchan for providing HIV-1 subtype A sequences from Western Kenya. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 2 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 37 BP 4830 EP 4839 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.097 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 353AT UT WOS:000259539200008 PM 18640166 ER PT J AU Samet, JH Krupitsky, EM Cheng, DM Raj, A Egorova, VY Levenson, S Meli, S Bridden, C Verbitskaya, EV Kamb, ML Zvartau, EE AF Samet, Jeffrey H. Krupitsky, Evgeny M. Cheng, Debbie M. Raj, Anita Egorova, Valentina Y. Levenson, Suzette Meli, Seville Bridden, Carly Verbitskaya, Elena V. Kamb, Mary L. Zvartau, Edwin E. TI Mitigating risky sexual behaviors among Russian narcology hospital patients: the PREVENT (Partnership to Reduce the Epidemic Via Engagement in Narcology Treatment) randomized controlled trial SO ADDICTION LA English DT Article DE alcohol; behavioral intervention; heroin; HIV prevention; narcology hospital; randomized controlled trial; Russia; sex risk behaviors; substance dependence ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV PREVENTION; UNITED-STATES; ST-PETERSBURG; INTERVENTIONS; ALCOHOL; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; METAANALYSIS AB Aim To assess the effectiveness of a sexual risk reduction intervention in the Russian narcology hospital setting. Design, setting and participants This was a randomized controlled trial from October 2004 to December 2005 among patients with alcohol and/or heroin dependence from two narcology hospitals in St Petersburg, Russia. Intervention Intervention subjects received two personalized sexual behavior counseling sessions plus three telephone booster sessions. Control subjects received usual addiction treatment, which did not include sexual behavior counseling. All received a research assessment and condoms at baseline. Measurements Primary outcomes were percentage of safe sex episodes (number of times condoms were used / by number of sexual episodes) and no unprotected sex (100% condom use or abstinence) during the previous 3 months, assessed at 6 months. Findings Intervention subjects reported higher median percentage of safe sex episodes (unadjusted median difference 12.7%; P = 0.01; adjusted median difference 23%, P = 0.07); a significant difference was not detected for the outcome no unprotected sex in the past 3 months [unadjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-3.1; adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.73.3]. Conclusions Among Russian substance-dependent individuals, sexual behavior counseling during addiction treatment should be considered as one potential component of efforts to decrease risky sexual behaviors in this HIV at-risk population. C1 [Samet, Jeffrey H.; Meli, Seville; Bridden, Carly] Boston Univ, Dept Med, Clin Addict Res & Educ Unit, Boston Med Ctr,Sect Gen Internal Med,Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Samet, Jeffrey H.; Raj, Anita] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Krupitsky, Evgeny M.; Egorova, Valentina Y.; Verbitskaya, Elena V.; Zvartau, Edwin E.] Pavlov State Med Univ St Petersburg, St Petersburg, Russia. [Cheng, Debbie M.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Levenson, Suzette] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Data Coordinating Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kamb, Mary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Samet, JH (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Med, Clin Addict Res & Educ Unit, Boston Med Ctr,Sect Gen Internal Med,Sch Med, 801 Massachusetts Ave,2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM jsamet@bu.edu RI Verbitskaya, Elena/N-3867-2015; OI Verbitskaya, Elena/0000-0003-3770-993X; Samet, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0897-3400; Bridden, Carly/0000-0002-7208-7235 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA 014821, K24 AA 015674, K24 AA015674, K24 AA015674-03, R21 AA 014821, R21 AA014821, R21 AA014821-03]; NIDA NIH HHS [R25 DA013582] NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0965-2140 J9 ADDICTION JI Addiction PD SEP PY 2008 VL 103 IS 9 BP 1474 EP 1483 DI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02251.x PG 10 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 335FK UT WOS:000258276000010 PM 18636998 ER PT J AU Courtenay-Quirk, C Pals, SL Colfax, G McKirnan, D Gooden, L Eroglu, D AF Courtenay-Quirk, Cari Pals, Sherri L. Colfax, Grant McKirnan, David Gooden, Lauren Eroglu, Dogan TI Factors associated with sexual risk behavior among persons living with HIV: Gender and sexual identity group differences SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE disease transmission; prevention and control; HIV Seropositivity; risk-taking; sexual behavior ID SERODISCORDANT HETEROSEXUAL COUPLES; SUBSTANCE USE; BISEXUAL MEN; SEROPOSITIVE GAY; POSITIVE MEN; TRANSMISSION RISK; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; PREVENTION AB Factors associated with HIV transmission risk may differ between subgroups of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study examined such factors in a sample of PLWHA recruited in 3 US metropolitan areas. Sexually active participants were categorized as gay or bisexual men (GBM) (n = 545), heterosexual men (HSM, n = 223), or women (n = 214). Of 982 participants, 27.1% reported serodiscordant unprotected anal or vaginal sex (SDUAV). SDUAV was associated with multiple (2 or more) partners, using poppers, and lower safer sex self-efficacy among GBM. SDUAV was associated with multiple partners among HSM. Among women, factors examined were not associated with SDUAV. These findings are consistent with prior research and facilitate our ability to target those who may be most at risk for transmitting HIV among HIV-positive GBM. More research must be conducted to identify factors associated with risk behavior among HSM and women. C1 [Courtenay-Quirk, Cari; Pals, Sherri L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Colfax, Grant] San Francisco Dept Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [McKirnan, David] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Gooden, Lauren] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Eroglu, Dogan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Marketing, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Courtenay-Quirk, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ccourtenayquirk@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [PA 01190] NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 12 IS 5 BP 685 EP 694 DI 10.1007/s10461-007-9259-y PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 339LD UT WOS:000258578200002 PM 17592764 ER PT J AU Daley, EM Perrin, KM Vamos, C Webb, C Mueller, T Packing-Ebuen, JL Rayko, HL McFarlane, M McDermott, RJ AF Daley, Ellen M. Perrin, Karen M. Vamos, Cheryl Webb, Candace Mueller, Trish Packing-Ebuen, Jennifer L. Rayko, Holly L. McFarlane, Mary McDermott, Robert J. TI HPV knowledge among HPV plus women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE cervical cancer; human papillomavirus (HPV); pap smear ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CERVICAL-CANCER; AWARENESS; RISK; STUDENTS; US AB Objective: To assess knowledge and information seeking among women recently receiving an HPV+ diagnosis. Methods: A 2-phase mixed methods design was used. In both phase I (qualitative) and phase II (quantitative), women with scheduled gynecological exams and Pap smears at clinic sites were approached to participate. Results: Women expressed confusion about HPV, and most could not correctly articulate the meaning of their diagnosis. Women do engage in further information seeking, especially through the Internet. Conclusion: Identifying gaps in knowledge among HPV+ women who need clear messages to facilitate their comprehension of the diagnosis is an important public health activity. C1 [Daley, Ellen M.; Perrin, Karen M.; Vamos, Cheryl; McDermott, Robert J.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Florida Prevent Res Ctr, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Webb, Candace] AIDS Alliance Children Youth & Families, Program Associate Training & Educ, Washington, DC USA. [Mueller, Trish] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mableton, GA USA. [Packing-Ebuen, Jennifer L.] Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Rayko, Holly L.] Univ S Florida, Student Hlth Serv, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [McFarlane, Mary] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McDermott, RJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Florida Prevent Res Ctr, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM rmcdermo@health.usf.edu NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 32 IS 5 BP 477 EP 487 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 343FT UT WOS:000258839100003 PM 18241132 ER PT J AU Bang, KM Attfield, MD Wood, JM Syamlal, G AF Bang, Ki Moon Attfield, Michael D. Wood, John M. Syamlal, Gill TI National trends in silicosis mortality in the United States, 1981-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE silicosis; mortality; industry; occupation; proportionate mortality ratios ID DUST; EXPOSURE; DEATH; SANDBLASTERS; INDUSTRY; WORKERS; DISEASE; MINERS AB Background This article describes trends in mortality with silicosis and identifies industries and occupations with elevated silicosis mortality. Methods A total of 6,326 deaths with silicosis for 1981-2004 were analyzed for trends and association with occupation and industry. Annual mortality rates were age-adjusted to the U.S. Year 2000 population. A linear regression model was used for analyzing mortality trends. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were based on 1,440 deaths with information on usual industry and occupation. Results Overall age-adjusted mortality rates per million declined from 2.4 in 1981 to 0.7 in 2004. Industries having significantly elevated PMRs for silicosis included mining and quarrying. Occupations with elevated PMRs included those associated with metal and mineral processing. Conclusions The results suggest that considerable progress has been made towards elimination of this preventable disease. However, about 30 silicosis deaths per year have been recorded since 1995 among those of working age, warranting continued efforts to effectively limit workplace exposures. C1 [Bang, Ki Moon; Attfield, Michael D.; Wood, John M.; Syamlal, Gill] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Bang, KM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM kmb2@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 51 IS 9 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.1002/ajim.20607 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 337EO UT WOS:000258418500001 PM 18626906 ER PT J AU Kubale, T Hiratzka, S Henn, S Markey, A Daniels, R Utterback, D Waters, K Silver, S Robinson, C Macievic, G Lodwick, J AF Kubale, Travis Hiratzka, Shannon Henn, Scott Markey, Andrea Daniels, Robert Utterback, David Waters, Kathy Silver, Sharon Robinson, Cynthia Macievic, Gregory Lodwick, Jeffrey TI A cohort mortality study of chemical laboratory workers at Department of Energy nuclear plants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE laboratory workers; multiple myeloma; cancer; mortality study; Department of Energy ID CANCER INCIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL-RESEARCH; OCCUPATIONAL RISKS; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; BLADDER-CANCER; EXPOSURE; CHEMISTS; TECHNICIANS; POPULATION AB Objective This study evaluates the mortality experience of 6,157 chemical laboratory workers employed at United States Department of Energy facilities. Methods All cause, all cancer and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios were calculated. Cox regression analyses were conducted to further evaluate the relation between chemical exposure and mortality risk due to selected cancers. Results. The mortality due to all causes combined and all cancers combined were below expectation for the cohort. There were no statistically significant elevations reported among males for any specific cancer or non-cancer outcome. There no statistically significant elevations among females for any specific non-cancer and most specific cancers; however, multiple myeloma deaths were significantly elevated (SMR = 3.56; 95% CI = 1.43-7.33; number of observed deaths, n = 7). Statistically significant elevations were seen among workers employed 20+ years, for leukemia using both 2- and 5-year lag periods. Also, a statistically significant positive trend of elevated lung cancer mortality with increasing employment duration was seen using both 5- and 10-year lags. A similar trend was seen for smoking related cancers among men. Conclusion While lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer mortality was below expectation, a significant elevation of multiple myeloma deaths among females and an elevation of leukemia among workers employed 20+ years (possibly due to radiation and benzene exposure) were observed. A NIOSH case-control study is underway to examine more closely the relation between multiple myeloma and a variety of chemical exposures among workers employed at the Oak Ridge K-25 facility. C1 [Kubale, Travis; Hiratzka, Shannon; Henn, Scott; Markey, Andrea; Daniels, Robert; Utterback, David; Waters, Kathy; Silver, Sharon; Robinson, Cynthia; Macievic, Gregory; Lodwick, Jeffrey] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Kubale, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM tek2@cdc.gov OI Silver, Sharon/0000-0002-7679-5028 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 51 IS 9 BP 656 EP 667 DI 10.1002/ajim.20601 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 337EO UT WOS:000258418500004 PM 18609549 ER PT J AU Tak, S Roscoe, RJ Alarcon, W Ju, J Sestito, JP Sussell, AL Calvert, GM AF Tak, SangWoo Roscoe, Robert J. Alarcon, Walter Ju, Jun Sestito, John P. Sussell, Aaron L. Calvert, Geoffrey M. TI Characteristics of US workers whose blood lead levels trigger the medical removal protection provision, and conformity with biological monitoring requirements, 2003-2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance; blood lead level; medical removal protection; biological monitoring; medical surveillance ID UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE; ADULTS; WORKPLACES; HEALTH AB Background Workers with blood lead levels (BLL) >= 60 mu g/dl (50 mu g/dl for construction workers) or with three or more consecutive BLLs over at least 6 months that average 50 mu g/ dl or greater are required to be removed from work involving lead exposure that exceeds the OSHA action level. This study estimates the proportion of workers with BLLs that trigger the medical removal provision by industry sector, and examines whether workers received appropriate follow-up blood lead testing. Methods Three years (2003-2005) of data from the Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance program were analyzed to identify those industries with a high percentage of workers with BLLs that trigger the medical removal provision. Adjusted rate ratios (RR) of adults with such BLLs were estimated by industry sector compared to the battery manufacturing industry using Poisson regression models. Results Out of 13,724 adults with BLLs >= 25 mu g/dl, a total of 533 adults had BLLs that triggered the medical removal provision. RRs of adults with BLLs triggering medical removal were highest for "painting and wall covering contractors" (RR = 22.1) followed by "highway, street and bridge construction" (RR = 14.7), "amusement, gambling, and recreation" (RR =11.4), and "glass product manufacturing" (RR =10.1). Overall, 29% of adults with BLLs triggering medical removal received appropriate follow-up blood lead tests and met the eligibility to return to lead work. Conclusions These findings suggest that additional efforts are needed to prevent occupational overexposure to lead in adults, and to ensure proper medical management of those workers who meet medical removal criteria. C1 [Tak, SangWoo] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Surveillance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Ju, Jun] LLC, Constella Grp, Durham, NC USA. RP Tak, S (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Surveillance Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM stak@cdc.gov RI Alarcon, Walter/C-4470-2008 OI Alarcon, Walter/0000-0002-4907-4380 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 51 IS 9 BP 691 EP 700 DI 10.1002/ajim.20603 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 337EO UT WOS:000258418500008 PM 18561249 ER PT J AU Buckley, JP Sestito, JP Hunting, KL AF Buckley, Jessie Poulin Sestito, John P. Hunting, Katherine L. TI Fatalities in the landscape and horticultural services industry, 1992-2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE occupation; work; census of fatal occupational injuries; fatal injury ID HISPANIC CONSTRUCTION WORKERS; SELF-EMPLOYED WORKERS; UNITED-STATES; OCCUPATIONAL FATALITIES; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS; DEATH CERTIFICATES; NORTH-CAROLINA; INJURY; MORTALITY; HAZARDS AB Background Although landscape and horticultural services workers have high injury and illness rates, little is known about fatalities in this industry. Methods Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and Current Population Survey data were analyzed to determine fatality rates and causes of landscaping deaths from 1992 to 2001. Results There were 1,101 fatalities during the 10-year period and the average fatality rate was 13.50 deaths per 100,000 full-time employees. In 2001, the landscaping fatality rate was 3.33 (95% CI 2.84-3.91) times the all industry rate. The leading causes of death were transportation incidents (27%), contact with objects or equipment (27%), falls (24%), exposure to harmful substances and environments (18%), and assaults and violent acts (4%). The fatality rate for African American landscapers was 1.51 (95% CI 1.25-1.83) times the rate for white workers. Fatalities were also common among self-employed, small business, and young landscapers. Conclusions Landscaping workers are at increased risk of fatal injury. Further research is needed to characterize industry hazards. C1 [Buckley, Jessie Poulin; Hunting, Katherine L.] George Washington Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Sestito, John P.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Buckley, JP (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 5220 Long Green Rd, Glen Arm, MD 21057 USA. EM jpoulin@gmail.com NR 38 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 51 IS 9 BP 701 EP 713 DI 10.1002/ajim.20604 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 337EO UT WOS:000258418500009 PM 18546239 ER PT J AU Correa, A Gilboa, SM Besser, LM Botto, LD Moore, CA Hobbs, CA Cleves, MA Riehle-Colarusso, TJ Waller, K Reece, EA AF Correa, Adolfo Gilboa, Suzanne M. Besser, Lilah M. Botto, Lorenzo D. Moore, Cynthia A. Hobbs, Charlotte A. Cleves, Mario A. Riehle-Colarusso, Tiffany J. Waller, Kim Reece, E. Albert CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Diabetes mellitus and birth defects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Meeting of the American-Diabetes-Association CY JUN 22-26, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Diabet Assoc DE birth defect; gestational diabetes mellitus; obesity; pregestational diabetes mellitus ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; VITAL-STATISTICS; RISK-FACTOR; WOMEN; PREGNANCIES; INFANTS; TYPE-2; ANOMALIES; OUTCOMES; MOTHERS AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine associations between diabetes mellitus and 39 birth defects. STUDY DESIGN: This was a multicenter case-control study of mothers of infants who were born with (n = 13,030) and without (n = 4895) birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2003). RESULTS: Pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) was associated significantly with noncardiac defects (isolated, 7/23 defects; multiples, 13/23 defects) and cardiac defects (isolated, 11/16 defects; multiples, 8/16 defects). Adjusted odds ratios for PGDM and all isolated and multiple defects were 3.17 (95% CI, 2.20-4.99) and 8.62 (95% CI, 5.27-14.10), respectively. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was associated with fewer noncardiac defects (isolated, 3/23 defects; multiples, 3/23 defects) and cardiac defects (isolated, 3/16 defects; multiples, 2/16 defects). Odds ratios between GDM and all isolated and multiple defects were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.17-1.73) and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.13-2.00), respectively. These associations were limited generally to offspring of women with prepregnancy body mass index >= 25 kg/m(2). CONCLUSION: PGDM was associated with a wide range of birth defects; GDM was associated with a limited group of birth defects. C1 [Correa, Adolfo; Gilboa, Suzanne M.; Besser, Lilah M.; Moore, Cynthia A.; Riehle-Colarusso, Tiffany J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Botto, Lorenzo D.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Hobbs, Charlotte A.; Cleves, Mario A.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Birth Defects Res Sect, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Hobbs, Charlotte A.; Cleves, Mario A.] Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Waller, Kim] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Reece, E. Albert] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Correa, A (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acorrea@cdc.gov RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU NCBDD CDC HHS [U50 DD113247, U50 DD223184, U50 DD422096, U50 DD613232, U50 DD613236, U50 DD713238, U50 DD822097, U50 DD913241]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU822097, 02081, U50/CCU113247, U50/CCU223184, U50/CCU422096, U50/CCU613232, U50/CCU613236, U50/CCU713238, U50/CCU913241] NR 41 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 199 IS 3 AR 237.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.028 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 344VM UT WOS:000258955400007 PM 18674752 ER PT J AU Trivers, KF Shaw, KM Sabatino, SA Shapiro, JA Coates, RJ AF Trivers, Katrina F. Shaw, Kate M. Sabatino, Susan A. Shapiro, Jean A. Coates, Ralph J. TI Trends in colorectal cancer screening disparities in people aged 50-64 years, 2000-2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; CLIENT-DIRECTED INTERVENTIONS; NON-HISPANIC WHITES; UNITED-STATES; SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; SOCIETY GUIDELINES; ASIAN-AMERICANS; BREAST; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR AB Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates are low, and racial, ethinic, and economic disparities have been reported. Whether disparities in CRC screening hav decreased over time is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether progress was made between 2000 and 2005 in reducing CRC screening disparities by race, ethnicity, income, and insurance status. Methods: Age-adjusted percentages of participants aged 50-64 who reported CRC screening (home fecal occult blood test in the past year or endoscopy in the past 10 years) were estimated from the 2000 (n=6020 participants) and 2005 (n=6706) cancer control supplements of the National Health Interview Survey, with analysis in 2007. Results: Screening rates did not increase between 2000 and 2005 for Hispanic women or uninsured women. Only for high-income participants did screening exceed 50%. For both men and women, the unsured had the lowest levels of screening (19.1% and 19.3%, respectively, in 2005), and the greatest disparities were observed among groups defined by health insurance status. For women, disparities by ethnicity, income and insurance status increased over time, whereas among men, disparities in 2005 were similar to those in 2000. For Hispanic women, growing disparities were present at all income and insurance levels and persisted after additional adjustment. Conclusions: No progress was made in reducing most CRC screening disparities between 2000 and 2005. Methods are needed to increase CRC screening among everyone, but in particular Hispanic women and uninsured men and women. C1 [Trivers, Katrina F.; Shaw, Kate M.; Sabatino, Susan A.; Shapiro, Jean A.; Coates, Ralph J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Trivers, KF (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ktrivers@cdc.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (KFT) FX This work was supported in part by the Research Participation Program at the CDC administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (KFT).; The findings and conclusions ill this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Funding agencies.; No financial disclosures were reported by the authors of this paper. NR 41 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.05.021 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 341UC UT WOS:000258739600001 PM 18617355 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Koo, D Delany, JR AF Thacker, Stephen B. Koo, Denise Delany, Judy R. TI Career paths to public health - Programs at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC INTELLIGENCE SERVICE; EDUCATION; CDC AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offers training in specific, critically needed disciplines such as epidemiology and laboratory sciences, frequently through experiential, on-the-job service and learning fellowships. The agency also provides a more general exposure to public health as a field, often for younger participants, through shorter-term internships. In addition, other programs provide opportunity for exposure to public health thinking and public health problems in an academic setting as early as elementary school. Although a primary purpose of these programs, especially the experiential fellowships and internships, is to attract young people to public health careers, a secondary goal, particularly for the younger students, is to foster an awareness and concern regarding their personal health. The career Paths to Public Health Program focuses on students and teachers from elementary to undergraduate schools and builds on CDC's existing postgraduate training programs, The program enhances student interest in the practical uses of mathematics and science and introduces them to the exciting work of public health. These activities also provide a nexus for working with both traditional partners in academia and public health and new academic partners to foster programs of mutual interest. C1 [Thacker, Stephen B.; Koo, Denise; Delany, Judy R.] CDC, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), CDC, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-94, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM stb1@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 BP 279 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.020 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 341UC UT WOS:000258739600016 PM 18692743 ER PT J AU Wethington, HR Hahn, RA Fuqua-Whitley, DS Sipe, TA Crosby, AE Johnson, RL Liberman, AM Moscicki, E Price, LN Tuma, FK Kalra, G Chattopadhyay, SK AF Wethington, Holly R. Hahn, Robert A. Fuqua-Whitley, Dawna S. Sipe, Theresa Ann Crosby, Alex E. Johnson, Robert L. Liberman, Akiva M. Moscicki, Eve Price, LeShawndra N. Tuma, Farris K. Kalra, Geetika Chattopadhyay, Sajal K. CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI The effectiveness of interventions to reduce psychological harm from traumatic events among children and adolescents - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SEXUALLY-ABUSED-CHILDREN; COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; EYE-MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; CLINICAL-TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; COST-EFFECTIVENESS AB Children and adolescents in the U.S. and worldwide are commonly exposed to traumatic events, yet practitioners treating these young people to reduce subsequent psychological harm may not be aware of-or use-interventions based oil (lie best available evidence. This systematic review evaluated interventions commonly used to reduce psychological harm among children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events. Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide) criteria were used to assess study design and execution. Meta-analyses were conducted, stratifying by traumatic exposures. Evaluated interventions were conducted in high-income economies, published up to March 2007. Subjects in studies were <= 21 years of age, exposed to individual/mass, intentional/unintentional, or manmade/natural traumatic events. The seven evaluated interventions were individual cognitive-behavioral therapy, group cognitive behavioral therapy, play therapy, art therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and pharmacologic therapy for symptomatic children and adolescents, and psychological debriefing, regardless of symptoms. The main outcome measures were indices of depressive disorders, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder, internalizing and externalizing disorders, and suicidal behavior. Strong evidence (according to Community Guide rules) showed that. individual and group cognitive-behavioral therapy can decrease psychological harm among symptomatic children and adolescents exposed to trauma. Evidence was insufficient. to determine the effectiveness of play therapy, art therapy, pharmacologic therapy, psychodynamic therapy, or psychological debriefing in reducing psychological harm. Personnel treating children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events should use interventions for which evidence of effectiveness is available, such as individual and group cognitive-behavior therapy. Interventions should be adapted for use in diverse populations and settings. Research should be pursued oil the effectiveness of interventions For which evidence is currently insufficient. C1 [Wethington, Holly R.; Hahn, Robert A.; Fuqua-Whitley, Dawna S.; Sipe, Theresa Ann; Kalra, Geetika; Chattopadhyay, Sajal K.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Crosby, Alex E.] CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Johnson, Robert L.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Liberman, Akiva M.] Natl Inst Justice, Washington, DC USA. [Moscicki, Eve; Price, LeShawndra N.; Tuma, Farris K.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rhahn@cdc.gov RI Sipe, Theresa/C-2262-2012 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Scientific Education (ORISE) FX The work of Kalra, Fuqua-Whitley, and Wethington was supported b) funding from the Oak Ridge Institute for Scientific Education (ORISE). NR 89 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 BP 287 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.024 PG 27 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 341UC UT WOS:000258739600018 PM 18692745 ER PT J AU Hahn, RA AF Hahn, Robert A. CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Recommendations to reduce psychological harm from traumatic events among children and adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; VIOLENCE; INTERVENTIONS; LAWS C1 [Hahn, Robert A.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rah1@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 BP 314 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.025 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 341UC UT WOS:000258739600019 ER PT J AU Hamel, MJ Greene, C Chiller, T Ouma, P Polyak, C Otieno, K Williamson, J Shi, YP Feikin, DR Marston, B Brooks, JT Poe, A Zhou, Z Ochieng, B Mintz, E Slutsker, L AF Hamel, Mary J. Greene, Carolyn Chiller, Tom Ouma, Peter Polyak, Christina Otieno, Kephas Williamson, John Shi, Ya Ping Feikin, Daniel R. Marston, Barbara Brooks, John T. Poe, Amanda Zhou, Zhiyong Ochieng, Benjamin Mintz, Eric Slutsker, Laurence TI Does cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV-associated opportunistic infections select for resistant pathogens in Kenyan adults? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RURAL WESTERN KENYA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE; INVASIVE-DISEASE AB We assessed the effect of daily cotrimoxazole, essential for HIV care, on development of antifolate-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. naso-pharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), and commensal Escherichia coli. HIV-positive subjects with CD4 cell count < 350 cells/mu L (lower-CD4; N = 692) received cotrimoxazole; HIV-positive with CD4 cell count >= 350 cells/mu L (higher-CD4; N = 336) and HIV-negative subjects (N = 132) received multivitamins. Specimens were collected at baseline, 2 weeks, monthly, and at sick visits during 6 months of follow-up to compare changes in resistance, with higher-CD4 as referent. P. falciparum parasitemia incidence density was 16 and 156/100 person-years in lower-CD4 and higher-CD4, respectively (adjusted rate ratio [ARR] = 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06-0.15; P < 0.001) and 97/100 person-years in HIV-negative subjects (ARR = 0,62; 95% CI = 0.44-0.86; P 005). Incidence density of triple and quintuple dihydrofolate-reductase/dihydropteroate-synthetase mutations was 90% reduced in lower-CD4 compared with referent. Overall, cotrimoxazole non-susceptibility was high among isolated pneumococcus (92%) and E. coli (76%) and increased significantly in lower-CD4 subjects by Week 2 (P < 0.005). Daily cotrimoxazole prevented malaria and reduced incidence of antifolate-resistant P. falciparum but contributed to increased pneumococcus and commensal Escherichia coli resistance. C1 [Hamel, Mary J.] KEMRI CDC, Res Stn, Unit 64112, APO, AE 09831 USA. [Greene, Carolyn] NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Publ Hlth Training, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Chiller, Tom; Williamson, John; Shi, Ya Ping; Marston, Barbara; Brooks, John T.; Poe, Amanda; Zhou, Zhiyong; Mintz, Eric; Slutsker, Laurence] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ouma, Peter; Otieno, Kephas; Ochieng, Benjamin] Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisuma, Kenya. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hamel, MJ (reprint author), KEMRI CDC, Res Stn, Unit 64112, APO, AE 09831 USA. EM mhamel@ke.cdc.gov FU Opportunistic Infections Working Group; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group; NIH [R01 GM60740] FX Funding was provided for by the Opportunistic Infections Working Group, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. AAE was supported by NIH Grant R01 GM60740. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 79 IS 3 BP 320 EP 330 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 349UC UT WOS:000259307800005 PM 18784222 ER PT J AU McMorrow, ML Masanja, MI Abdulla, SMK Kahigwa, E Kachur, SP AF McMorrow, Meredith L. Masanja, M. Irene Abdulla, Salim M. K. Kahigwa, Elizeus Kachur, S. Patrick TI Challenges in routine implementation and quality control of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria-Rufiji district, Tanzania SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID FEBRILE ILLNESS; MANAGEMENT; PNEUMONIA; PARASITES; OVERLAP AB Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) represent an alternative to microscopy for malaria diagnosis and have shown high sensitivity and specificity in a variety of study settings. Current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for quality control of RDTs provide detailed instructions on pre-field testing, but offer little guidance for quality assurance once RDTs are deployed in health facilities. From September 2006 to April 2007, we introduced a histidine-rich protein II (HRP2)-based RDT (Paracheck) for suspected malaria cases five years of age and older in nine health facilities in Rufiji District, Tanzania, to assess sensitivity and specificity of RDTs in routine use at rural health facilities. Thick blood smears were collected for all patients tested with RDTs and stained and read by laboratory personnel in each facility. Thick smears were subsequently reviewed by a reference microscopist to determine RDT sensitivity and specificity. In all nine health facilities, there were significant problems with the quality of staining and microscopy. Sensitivity and specificity of RDTs were difficult to assess given the poor quality of routine blood smear staining. Mean operational sensitivity of RDTs based on reference microscopy was 64.8%, but varied greatly by health facility, range 18.8-85.9%. Sensitivity of RDTs increased with increasing parasite density. Specificity remained high at 87.8% despite relatively poor slide quality. Institution of quality control of RDTs based on poor quality blood smear staining may impede reliable measurement of sensitivity and specificity and undermine confidence in the new diagnostic. There is an urgent need for the development of alternative quality control procedures for rapid diagnostic tests that can be performed at the facility level. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP McMorrow, ML (reprint author), 4770 Buford High Way,NE MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MMcmorrow@cdc.gov; imasanja@excite.com; salim.abdulla@gmail.com; ekahigwa@yahoo.com; spk0@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 79 IS 3 BP 385 EP 390 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 349UC UT WOS:000259307800013 PM 18784230 ER PT J AU Froberg, MK Dannen, D Bernier, N Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Zaki, S AF Froberg, M. Kent Dannen, Devon Bernier, Nicholas Shieh, Wun-Ju Guarner, Jeannette Zaki, Sherif TI Spontaneous Splenic Rupture During Acute Parasitemia of Babesia microti SO ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rupture of spleen; babesiosis; Babesia microti ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; LYME-DISEASE; COINFECTION AB Babesia is a malaria-like protozoan parasite spread by Ixodes ticks primarily from the white-footed deer mouse to humans. Typically it causes subclinical disease, but occasionally causes acute febrile disease with hepatosplenomegaly. We report a case of spontaneous splenic rupture of a 56-yr-old man with acute Babesia microti infection. C1 [Froberg, M. Kent; Dannen, Devon] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Froberg, M. Kent; Dannen, Devon] Duluth Clin, Duluth, MN USA. [Bernier, Nicholas] St Josephs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Brainerd, MN USA. [Shieh, Wun-Ju; Guarner, Jeannette; Zaki, Sherif] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div Viral Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Guarner, Jeannette] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Froberg, MK (reprint author), Virginia Reg Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 901 9th St N, Virginia, MN 55792 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC CLINICAL SCIENTISTS PI MIDDLEBURY PA PO BOX 1287, MIDDLEBURY, VT 05753 USA SN 0091-7370 J9 ANN CLIN LAB SCI JI Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 390 EP 392 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 369VM UT WOS:000260722000011 PM 18988934 ER PT J AU Takhar, SS Talan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R AF Takhar, Sukhjit S. Talan, David A. Moran, Gregory J. Pinner, Robert TI Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria meningitidis - Minnesota and North Dakota, 2007-2008 SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; RIFAMPIN C1 [Takhar, Sukhjit S.] UCSF Fresno, Dept Emergency Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Talan, David A.] Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. [Moran, Gregory J.; Pinner, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Takhar, SS (reprint author), UCSF Fresno, Dept Emergency Med, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 286 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.06.465 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 348UN UT WOS:000259235700018 PM 18722249 ER PT J AU Allen, KD Renner, JB DeVellis, B Helmick, CG Jordan, JM AF Allen, Kelli D. Renner, Jordan B. DeVellis, Brenda Helmick, Charles G. Jordan, Joanne M. TI Racial differences in sleep, medication use: A cross-sectional study of the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE race; sex; sleep medication ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-SURVEY; OLDER-ADULTS; DRUG-USE; POPULATION; INSOMNIA; ARTHRITIS; PATTERNS; CARE AB BACKGROUND: Little is known about racial differences in the use of sleep medications. OBJECTIVES: To compare sleep medication use among African Americans and whites with self-reported current sleep problems. METHODS: Participants were 1910 individuals (69% female, 34% African American, 66% white) from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. We examined racial differences in self-reported current use of prescription, nonprescription, herbal, and other medications for sleep. Multivariable logistic regression models controlled for age, sex, education, health insurance, symptomatic hip or knee osteoarthritis, depressive symptoms, obesity, fair or poor general health, and self-reported annual days of sleep problems. Models were conducted separately for the whole sample and for men and women. RESULTS: Among participants with current sleep problems, 31% were using one or more types of sleep medication: 17% prescription, 12% nonprescription, 1% herbal, and 3% other products. African Americans were less likely than whites to be using any sleep medication (25% vs 35%; p < 0.001), prescription sleep medication (14% vs 19%; p = 0.003), and nonprescription sleep medication (10% vs 13%; p = 0.048). These racial differences persisted in multivariable models. In sex-stratified analyses, there were significant racial differences in sleep medication use only among women. CONCLUSIONS: African Americans were less likely than whites to report current use of prescription and nonprescription sleep medications; these results apeared to be largely driven by racial differences among women. Additional research should study possible underlying factors and determine whether these racial differences impact clinical outcomes. C1 [Allen, Kelli D.] Vet Adm Med Ctr, HSR&D 152, Hlth Serv Res & Dev Serv, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Allen, Kelli D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Renner, Jordan B.; Jordan, Joanne M.] Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [DeVellis, Brenda] Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [DeVellis, Brenda] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Helmick, Charles G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jordan, Joanne M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jordan, Joanne M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Orthopaed, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Allen, KD (reprint author), Vet Adm Med Ctr, HSR&D 152, Hlth Serv Res & Dev Serv, 508 Fulton St, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM Kelli.Allen@duke.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Association of Schools of Public Health [S1734, S3486]; NIAMS Multipurpose Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disease Center [5-P60-AR30701]; NIAMS Multidisciplinary Clinical Research Center [5 P60 AR49465-03] FX This research was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Association of Schools of Public Health cooperative agreements S1734 and S3486 (JMJ, JBR), the NIAMS Multipurpose Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disease Center grant 5-P60-AR30701 (JMJ, JBR), and the NIAMS Multidisciplinary Clinical Research Center grant 5 P60 AR49465-03 (JMJ, JBR). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Department of Veterans Affairs. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1239 EP 1246 DI 10.1345/aph.1L111 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 346WE UT WOS:000259099500008 PM 18628443 ER PT J AU Sheu, TG Deyde, VM Okomo-Adhiambo, M Garten, RJ Xu, X Bright, RA Butler, EN Wallis, TR Klimov, AI Gubareva, LV AF Sheu, Tiffany G. Deyde, Varough M. Okomo-Adhiambo, Margaret Garten, Rebecca J. Xu, Xiyan Bright, Rick A. Butler, Ebonee N. Wallis, Teresa R. Klimov, Alexander I. Gubareva, Larisa V. TI Surveillance for neuraminidase inhibitor resistance among human influenza A and B viruses circulating worldwide from 2004 to 2008 SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY NETWORK; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED CHILD; ADAMANTANE RESISTANCE; REDUCED SENSITIVITY; POSITION STATEMENT; ACTIVE-SITE; OSELTAMIVIR; ZANAMIVIR; ASSAY; MUTATIONS AB The surveillance of seasonal influenza virus susceptibility to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors was conducted using an NA inhibition assay. The 50% inhibitory concentration values (IC(50)s) of 4,570 viruses collected globally from October 2004 to March 2008 were determined. Based on mean IC50s, A( H3N2) viruses (0.44 nM) were more sensitive to oseltamivir than A(H1N1) viruses (0.91 nM). The opposite trend was observed with zanamivir: 1.06 nM for A( H1N1) and 2.54 nM for A( H3N2). Influenza B viruses exhibited the least susceptibility to oseltamivir (3.42 nM) and to zanamivir (3.87 nM). To identify potentially resistant viruses (outliers), a threshold of a mean IC(50) value + 3 standard deviations was defined for type/subtype and drug. Sequence analysis of outliers was performed to identify NA changes that might be associated with reduced susceptibility. Molecular markers of oseltamivir resistance were found in six A(H1N1) viruses (H274Y) and one A(H3N2) virus (E119V) collected between 2004 and 2007. Some outliers contained previously reported mutations (e.g., I222T in the B viruses), while other mutations e.g., R371K and H274Y in B viruses and H274N in A(H3N2) viruses were novel. The R371K B virus outlier exhibited high levels of resistance to both inhibitors (> 100 nM). A substantial variance at residue D151 was observed among A(H3N2) zanamivir-resistant outliers. The clinical relevance of newly identified NA mutations is unknown. A rise in the incidence of oseltamivir resistance in A(H1N1) viruses carrying the H274Y mutation was detected in the United States and in other countries in the ongoing 2007 to 2008 season. As of March 2008, the frequency of resistance among A(H1N1) viruses in the United States was 8.6% (50/579 isolates). The recent increase in oseltamivir resistance among A(H1N1) viruses isolated from untreated patients raises public health concerns and necessitates close monitoring of resistance to NA inhibitors. C1 [Sheu, Tiffany G.; Deyde, Varough M.; Okomo-Adhiambo, Margaret; Garten, Rebecca J.; Xu, Xiyan; Bright, Rick A.; Butler, Ebonee N.; Wallis, Teresa R.; Klimov, Alexander I.; Gubareva, Larisa V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gubareva, LV (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS G-16, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM LGubareva@cdc.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge; TN (ORISE). FX T.G.S. and M.O.-A. received financial support for this work from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN (ORISE). NR 42 TC 292 Z9 319 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 9 BP 3284 EP 3292 DI 10.1128/AAC.00555-08 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 340TG UT WOS:000258667300039 PM 18625765 ER PT J AU Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Morse, SA Martinez, KF Chakraborty, R Marrone, BL Messenger, SL Murch, RS Jackson, PJ Williamson, P Harmon, R Velsko, SP AF Budowle, Bruce Schutzer, Steven E. Morse, Stephen A. Martinez, Kenneth F. Chakraborty, Ranajit Marrone, Babetta L. Messenger, Sharon L. Murch, Randall S. Jackson, Paul J. Williamson, Phillip Harmon, Rockne Velsko, Stephan P. TI Criteria for validation of methods in microbial forensics SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SAMPLE COLLECTION; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; PCR; ANTIGEN; TESTS C1 [Schutzer, Steven E.] UMDNJ, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Budowle, Bruce] Fed Bur Invest Lab, Quantico, VA USA. [Morse, Stephen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martinez, Kenneth F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Chakraborty, Ranajit] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Marrone, Babetta L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Messenger, Sharon L.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. [Murch, Randall S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alexandria, VA USA. [Jackson, Paul J.; Velsko, Stephan P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Williamson, Phillip] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Harmon, Rockne] Off Dist Attorney, Oakland, CA USA. RP Schutzer, SE (reprint author), UMDNJ, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM schutzer@umdnj.edu NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 74 IS 18 BP 5599 EP 5607 DI 10.1128/AEM.00966-08 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 345SR UT WOS:000259017400001 PM 18658281 ER PT J AU Zurbriggen, S Tobler, K Abril, C Diedrich, S Ackermann, M Pallansch, MA Metzler, A AF Zurbriggen, Sebastian Tobler, Kurt Abril, Carlos Diedrich, Sabine Ackermann, Mathias Pallansch, Mark A. Metzler, Alfred TI Isolation of Sabin-like polioviruses from wastewater in a country using inactivated polio vaccine SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RT-PCR AMPLIFICATION; IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; WILD POLIOVIRUS; ORAL POLIOVACCINE; RECEPTOR GENE; POLIOMYELITIS; EVOLUTION; STRAINS; ERADICATION; EXCRETION AB From 2001 to 2004, Switzerland switched from routine vaccination with oral polio vaccine (OPV) to inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), using both vaccines in the intervening period. Since IPV is less effective at inducing mucosal immunity than OPV, this change might allow imported poliovirus to circulate undetected more easily in an increasingly IPV-immunized population. Environmental monitoring is a recognized tool for identifying polioviruses in a community. To look for evidence of poliovirus circulation following cessation of OPV use, two sewage treatment plants located in the Zurich area were sampled from 2004 to 2006. Following virus isolation using either RD or L20B cells, enteroviruses and polioviruses were identified by reverse transcription-PCR. A total of 20 out of 174 wastewater samples were positive for 62 Sabin-like isolates. One isolate from each poliovirus-positive sample was analyzed in more detail. Sequencing the complete viral protein 1 (VP1) capsid coding region, as well as intratypic differentiation (ITD), identified 3 Sabin type 1, 13 Sabin type 2, and 4 Sabin type 3 strains. One serotype 1 strain showed a discordant result in the ITD. Three-quarters of the strains showed mutations within the 5' untranslated region and VP1, known to be associated with reversion to virulence. Moreover, three strains showed heterotypic recombination (S2/S1 and S3/S2/S3). The low number of synonymous mutations and the partial temperature sensitivity are not consistent with extended circulation of these Sabin virus strains. Nevertheless, the continuous introduction of polioviruses into the community emphasizes the necessity for uninterrupted child vaccination to maintain high herd immunity. C1 [Zurbriggen, Sebastian; Tobler, Kurt; Abril, Carlos; Ackermann, Mathias; Metzler, Alfred] Univ Zurich, Inst Virol, Vetsuisse Fac, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Diedrich, Sabine] Robert Koch Inst, Reg Reference Lab Poliomyelitis, D-13302 Berlin, Germany. [Pallansch, Mark A.] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Metzler, A (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Virol, Vetsuisse Fac, Winterthurerstr 266A, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM ametzler@vetvir.uzh.ch FU Swiss Federal Office of Public Health; University of Zurich FX This work was supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health and the University of Zurich.; We express our gratitude to Rita Castro for technical support; K. Bienz, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Basel (National Polio Reference Laboratory), for providing RD cells and reference viruses; P. Minor, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, United Kingdom, for the generous gift of L20B cells; and C. Bourquin, as well as S. Roulin (Swiss Federal Office of Public Health), for critically reading the manuscript. NR 64 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 74 IS 18 BP 5608 EP 5614 DI 10.1128/AEM.02764-07 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 345SR UT WOS:000259017400002 PM 18641161 ER PT J AU Braga, L Nelson, AE Braga-Baiak, A Atashili, J Schwartz, TA Renner, JB Helmick, CG Jordan, JM AF Braga, Larissa Nelson, Arnanda E. Braga-Baiak, Andresa Atashili, Julius Schwartz, Todd A. Renner, Jordan B. Helmick, Charles G. Jordan, Joanne M. TI Knee alignment measurements among Caucasians and African-Americans (AfrAm): The Johnston county osteoarthritis project SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Braga, Larissa] Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Nelson, Arnanda E.; Renner, Jordan B.; Jordan, Joanne M.] UNC, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Braga-Baiak, Andresa] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Atashili, Julius] UNC, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Schwartz, Todd A.] UNC, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Helmick, Charles G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Schwartz, Todd/D-4995-2012 OI Schwartz, Todd/0000-0002-0232-2543 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S242 EP S242 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244200224 ER PT J AU Cisternas, MG Murphy, L Yelin, EH Foreman, AJ Pasta, DJ Helmick, CG AF Cisternas, Miriam G. Murphy, Louise Yelin, Edward H. Foreman, Aimee J. Pasta, David J. Helmick, Charles G. TI Trends in medical care expenditures for persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Cisternas, Miriam G.] MGC Data Serv, Carlsbad, CA USA. [Murphy, Louise] Business Comp Applicat Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yelin, Edward H.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Foreman, Aimee J.; Pasta, David J.] ICON Clin Res, San Francisco, CA USA. [Helmick, Charles G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S200 EP S200 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244200112 ER PT J AU Golightly, YM Allen, KD Helmick, CG Renner, JB Jordan, JM AF Golightly, Yvonne M. Allen, Kelli D. Helmick, Charles G. Renner, Jordan B. Jordan, Joanne M. TI Knee and hip symptoms in individuals with and without limb length inequality SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Golightly, Yvonne M.; Renner, Jordan B.; Jordan, Joanne M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Allen, Kelli D.] Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Helmick, Charles G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S425 EP S425 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244200720 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Theis, KA Wilkie, R AF Hootman, Jennifer M. Theis, Kristina A. Wilkie, Ross TI Prevalence and correlates of social participation restriction among US adults with arthritis: A population-based study SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Hootman, Jennifer M.; Theis, Kristina A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wilkie, Ross] Univ Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S860 EP S860 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244202380 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Bolen, J Helmick, CG AF Hootman, Jennifer M. Bolen, Julie Helmick, Charles G. TI Healthy days and fair/poor health among US adults with and without arthritis, 50 states and the district of Columbia, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2005 SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Hootman, Jennifer M.; Bolen, Julie; Helmick, Charles G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S200 EP S201 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244200113 ER PT J AU Nelson, AE Fang, F Kraus, VB Stabler, T Renner, JB Helmick, CG Jordan, JM AF Nelson, Amanda E. Fang, Fang Kraus, Virginia B. Stabler, Thomas Renner, Jordan B. Helmick, Charles G. Jordan, Joanne M. TI Is serum transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) a biomarker of radiographic osteoarthritis (rOA) at the knee and hip? SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Nelson, Amanda E.; Renner, Jordan B.; Jordan, Joanne M.] UNC Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kraus, Virginia B.; Stabler, Thomas] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. [Helmick, Charles G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S492 EP S492 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244201140 ER PT J AU Sayre, EC Jordan, JM Cibere, J Murphy, L Myers, EL Schwartz, TA Helmick, CG Rahman, MM Aghajanian, J Kang, WQ Badley, EM Kopec, JA AF Sayre, Eric C. Jordan, Joanne M. Cibere, Jolanda Murphy, Louise Myers, Erik L. Schwartz, Todd A. Helmick, Charles G. Rahman, M. Mushfiqur Aghajanian, Jaafar Kang, Weiqun Badley, Elizabeth M. Kopec, Jacek A. TI Modeling the multivariate distribution of radiographic osteoarthritis in knees and hips: A population-based study in rural North Carolina SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Sayre, Eric C.] Arthrit Res Ctr Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Sayre, Eric C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Arthrit Res Ctr Canada, Burnaby, BC, Canada. [Sayre, Eric C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Jordan, Joanne M.; Myers, Erik L.] Univ N Carolina, TARC, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cibere, Jolanda] UBC, ARC, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Cibere, Jolanda] UBC, Dept Med, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Murphy, Louise] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schwartz, Todd A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Helmick, Charles G.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Badley, Elizabeth M.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kopec, Jacek A.] UBC, ARC, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Kopec, Jacek A.] UBC, Dept Hlth Care & Epi, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RI Schwartz, Todd/D-4995-2012 OI Schwartz, Todd/0000-0002-0232-2543 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S242 EP S243 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244200225 ER PT J AU Somers, EC Lewis, EE Bodkin, EM Shaltis, D Marder, W Cagnoli, PC Wong, YJ DeGuire, P Gordon, C Helmick, CG Leisen, J Dhar, JP McCune, WJ AF Somers, Emily C. Lewis, Ernily E. Bodkin, Elizabeth M. Shaltis, Diane Marder, Wendy Cagnoli, Patricia C. Wong, Y. Jessica DeGuire, Peter Gordon, Caroline Helmick, Chad G. Leisen, James Dhar, J. Patricia McCune, W. Joseph CA MILES Grp TI Michigan lupus epidemiology & surveillance (MILES) program: Neurologic involvement among SLE patients in a population-based registry SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Somers, Emily C.; Lewis, Ernily E.; Bodkin, Elizabeth M.; Shaltis, Diane; Marder, Wendy; Cagnoli, Patricia C.; Wong, Y. Jessica; McCune, W. Joseph] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [DeGuire, Peter] Michigan Dept Commun Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. [Gordon, Caroline] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, England. [Helmick, Chad G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Leisen, James] Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Detroit, MI USA. [Dhar, J. Patricia] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S637 EP S638 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244201514 ER PT J AU Somers, EC Lewis, EE Shaltis, D Bodkin, EM Cagnoli, PC Marder, W Wong, YJ DeGuire, P Gordon, C Helmick, CG Leisen, J Dhar, JP McCune, WJ AF Somers, Emily C. Lewis, Emily E. Shaltis, Diane Bodkin, Elizabeth M. Cagnoli, Patricia C. Marder, Wendy Wong, Y. Jessica DeGuire, Peter Gordon, Caroline Helmick, Chad G. Leisen, James Dhar, J. Patricia McCune, W. Joseph CA MILES Grp TI Michigan lupus epidemiology & surveillance (MILES) program: Features of SLE in a population-based registry of pediatric-onset patients SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Somers, Emily C.; Lewis, Emily E.; Shaltis, Diane; Bodkin, Elizabeth M.; Cagnoli, Patricia C.; Marder, Wendy; Wong, Y. Jessica; McCune, W. Joseph] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [DeGuire, Peter] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. [Gordon, Caroline] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Helmick, Chad G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Leisen, James] Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Detroit, MI USA. [Dhar, J. Patricia] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S253 EP S254 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244200255 ER PT J AU Theis, KA Hootman, JM Helmick, CG AF Theis, Kristina A. Hootman, Jennifer M. Helmick, Charles G. TI Arthritis treatment among US adults: Prevalence and satisfaction SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Theis, Kristina A.] CDC, ORISE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S931 EP S931 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244202559 ER PT J AU Theis, KA Helmick, CG Hootman, JM AF Theis, Kristina A. Helmick, Charles G. Hootman, Jennifer M. TI Arthritis impact on 3 work measures SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Theis, Kristina A.] CDC, ORISE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S643 EP S643 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244201529 ER PT J AU Albalak, R Caldwell, KL Jones, RL AF Albalak, Ron Caldwell, Kathleen L. Jones, Robert L. TI Procedure for Cleaning the Microwave Coil Used in Flow Injection Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Mercury Determination in Whole Blood SO ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article C1 [Albalak, Ron; Caldwell, Kathleen L.; Jones, Robert L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Albalak, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rha5@cc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERKIN-ELMER CORP PI SHELTON PA 710 BRIDGEPORT AVENUE, SHELTON, CT 06484 USA SN 0195-5373 J9 ATOM SPECTROSC JI Atom. Spectrosc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 29 IS 5 BP 198 EP 199 PG 2 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 369PC UT WOS:000260705400007 ER PT J AU Lara, J Wohlhueter, RM Dimitrova, Z Khudyakov, YE AF Lara, James Wohlhueter, Robert M. Dimitrova, Zoya Khudyakov, Yury E. TI Artificial neural network for prediction of antigenic activity for a major conformational epitope in the hepatitis C virus NS3 protein SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; BINDING PEPTIDES; FLEXIBLE LENGTHS; DESIGN; DETERMINANTS; SENSITIVITY; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; SYSTEM AB Motivation: Insufficient knowledge of general principles for accurate quantitative inference of biological properties from sequences is a major obstacle in the rationale design of proteins with predetermined activities. Due to this deficiency, protein engineering frequently relies on the use of computational approaches focused on the identification of quantitative structure-activity relationship (SAR) for each specific task. In the current article, a computational model was developed to define SAR for a major conformational antigenic epitope of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 3 (NS3) in order to facilitate a rationale design of HCV antigens with improved diagnostically relevant properties. Results: We present an artificial neural network (ANN) model that connects changes in the antigenic properties and structure of HCV NS3 recombinant proteins representing all 6 HCV genotypes. The ANN performed quantitative predictions of the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Signal/Cutoff (S/Co) profiles from sequence information alone with 89.8 accuracy. Amino acid positions and physicochemical factors strongly associated with the HCV NS3 antigenic properties were identified. The positions most significantly contributing to the model were mapped on the NS3 3D structure. The location of these positions validates the major associations found by the ANN model between antigenicity and structure of the HCV NS3 proteins. C1 [Lara, James; Dimitrova, Zoya; Khudyakov, Yury E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wohlhueter, Robert M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Resources, Biotechnol Core Facil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lara, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd MS A33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU American Society for Microbiology; National Centers for Infectious Diseases (ASM/NCID) Postdoctoral Research Associates Program Fellowship; CDC FX The authors thank Mike Purdy for his Perl script contributions for data processing and sequence transformations. J.L. was supported by the American Society for Microbiology and National Centers for Infectious Diseases (ASM/NCID) Postdoctoral Research Associates Program Fellowship (http://www.asm.org).; Funding: This work was supported by CDC intramural funding. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 17 BP 1858 EP 1864 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn339 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 343NL UT WOS:000258860700005 PM 18628290 ER PT J AU Baur, C AF Baur, Cynthia TI An analysis of factors underlying e-health disparities SO CAMBRIDGE QUARTERLY OF HEALTHCARE ETHICS LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION; COMMUNICATION; INTERNET C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Commun & Mkt, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Baur, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Commun & Mkt, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0963-1801 J9 CAMB Q HEALTHC ETHIC JI Camb. Q. Healthc. Ethics PD FAL PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 417 EP 428 DI 10.1017/S0963180108080547 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 347TT UT WOS:000259164700006 PM 18724881 ER PT J AU Cobb, N Wingo, PA Edwards, BK AF Cobb, Nathaniel Wingo, Phyllis A. Edwards, Brenda K. TI Introduction to the supplement on cancer in the American Indian and Alaska Native populations in the United States SO CANCER LA English DT Editorial Material DE cancer incidence; American Indian; Alaska Native; race; misclassification; disparities ID PATTERNS; WHITES; RATES AB The collection of papers in this Supplement combines cancer incidence data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, enhanced by record linkages and geographic factors, to provide a comprehensive description of the cancer burden in the American Indian/Alaska Native population in the United States. Cancer incidence rates among this population varied widely, sometimes more than 5-fold, by geographic region. C1 [Cobb, Nathaniel] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Wingo, Phyllis A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Edwards, Brenda K.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Cobb, N (reprint author), Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, 3500 Homestead NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM nathaniel.cobb@ihs.gov FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U50 DP424071-04] NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1113 EP 1116 DI 10.1002/cncr.23729 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500001 PM 18720369 ER PT J AU Espey, DK Wiggins, CL Jim, MA Miller, BA Johnson, CJ Becker, TM AF Espey, David K. Wiggins, Charles L. Jim, Melissa A. Miller, Barry A. Johnson, Christopher J. Becker, Tom M. TI Methods for improving cancer surveillance data in American Indian and Alaska Native populations SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cancer; incidence; American Indian; Alaska Native; misclassification; National Program of Cancer Registries; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; United States; health disparity ID RATES; RACE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETHNICITY; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; MONTANA; WHITES AB BACKGROUND. The misclassification of race decreases the accuracy of cancer incidence data for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) in some central cancer registries. This article describes the data sources and methods that were used to address this misclassification and to produce the cancer Statistics Used by most of the articles in this supplement. METHODS. Records from United States cancer registries were linked with Indian Health Service (IHS) records to identify AI/AN cases that were misclassified as non-AI/AN. Data were available from 47 registries that linked their data with IHS, met quality criteria, and agreed to participate. Analyses focused on cases among AI/AN residents in IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) counties in 33 states. Cancer incidence and stage data were compiled for non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) and AI/ANs across 6 IHS regions of the United States For 1999 through 2004. RESULTS. Misclassification of AI/AN race as normative in central cancer registries ranged from 85 individuals in Alaska (3.4%) to 5297 individuals in the Southern Plains (44.5%). Cancer incidence rates among AI/ANs for all cancers combined were lower than for NHWs, hot incidence rates varied by geographic region For AI/ANs. Restricting the rate calculations to CHSDA counties generally resulted in higher rates than those obtained for all counties combined. CONCLUSIONS. The classification of race for AI/AN cases in cancer registries can be improved by linking records to the IHS and stratifying by CHSDA counties. Cancer in the AI/AN population is clarified further by describing incidence rates by geographic region. Improved cancer surveillance data for AI/AN communities should aid in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of more effective cancer control and should reduce health disparities in this population. C1 [Espey, David K.; Jim, Melissa A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Wiggins, Charles L.] Univ New Mexico, New Mexico Tumor Registry, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Miller, Barry A.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Johnson, Christopher J.] Canc Data Registry Idaho, Boise, ID USA. [Becker, Tom M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Espey, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 5300 Homestead NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM david.espey@ihs.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement was sponsored by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 55 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1120 EP 1130 DI 10.1002/cncr.23724 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500003 PM 18720372 ER PT J AU Steele, CB Cardinez, CJ Richardson, LC Tom-Orme, L Shaw, KM AF Steele, C. Brooke Cardinez, Cheryll J. Richardson, Lisa C. Tom-Orme, Lillian Shaw, Kate M. TI Surveillance for health behaviors of American Indians and Alaska Natives - Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2000-2006 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE American Indians; Alaska Natives; behavioral risk factors; cancer prevention and control; cancer screening; surveillance ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; ADOLESCENT DRINKING; CANCER DISPARITIES; UNITED-STATES; PIMA-INDIANS; POPULATIONS; ALCOHOLISM; OBESITY; ONSET; PREVALENCE AB BACKGROUND. The authors compared estimates for cancer risk factors, Use of cancer screening tests, health status indicators, and access to Care for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) in the US and for AI/ANs in 6 Indian Health Service regions. METHODS. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data were aggregated from the years 2000 through 2006 and were Used to calculate weighted prevalence estimates by gender for key variables except demographic variables. RESULTS. Compared with NHWs, AI/ANs had lower prevalence estimates for income, educational attainment, insurance coverage, and access to personal healthcare providers. AI/ANs in Alaska and NHWs had similar estimates for diabetes (approximately 6%); however, the prevalence was nearly twice as high among AI/ANs in the other regions. The prevalence of obesity was higher for AI/ANs (29.6%) than for NHWs (20.9%). The prevalence of hinge drinking was higher among AI/AN males (24.9%) than among AI/AN females (8.5%). Heavy drinking was more prevalent among NHW Females (5.3%) than among AI/AN females (3.5%). AI/ANs were more likely to be current smokers (31.1%) than NHWs (22.8%). The prevalence of AI/ANs who never smoked ranged front 31.5% in Alaska to 56.9% in the Southwest. In 5 of the 6 regions, AI/AN females had lower prevalence estimates of both Papanicolaou and mammography testing than NHW females. The Use of colorectal cancer screening tests was more common among NHWs (53.8%) than among AI/ANs (44%). CONCLUSIONS. Although cancer health disparities persist: among AI/ANs, the current analysis indicated that variation in the prevalence of their chronic disease risk factors may be obscured when national data are not examined by smaller geographic areas such as regions. C1 [Steele, C. Brooke; Cardinez, Cheryll J.; Richardson, Lisa C.; Shaw, Kate M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Comprehens Canc Control Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Tom-Orme, Lillian] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Clin Epidemiol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Steele, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Comprehens Canc Control Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K-57,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cks9@cdc.gov FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U50 DP424071-04] NR 60 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1131 EP 1141 DI 10.1002/cncr.23727 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500004 PM 18720374 ER PT J AU Wiggins, CL Espey, DK Wingo, PA Kaur, JS Wilson, RT Swan, J Miller, BA Jim, MA Kelly, JJ Lanier, AR AF Wiggins, Charles L. Espey, David K. Wingo, Phyllis A. Kaur, Judith S. Wilson, Robin Taylor Swan, Judith Miller, Barry A. Jim, Melissa A. Kelly, Janet J. Lanier, Anne P. TI Cancer among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States, 1999-2004 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cancer; incidence; American Indian; Alaska Native; misclassification; National Program of Cancer Registries; Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results; United States; health disparity ID NEW-MEXICO; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; REGISTRY; WHITES; TRENDS; RATES AB BACKGROUND. Cancer incidence rates vary among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations and often differ from rates among non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). However, the misclassification of race for AI/AN cancer cases in central cancer registries may have led to underestimates of the AI/AN cancer burden in previous reports. METHODS. Cases diagnosed during 1999 through 2004 were identified from population-based cancer registries in the United States. Age-adjusted rates were calculated for the 25 most common sites for AI/ANs and NHWs. To minimize the misclassification of race, cancer registry records were linked with patient registration files from the Indian Health Service (IHS). Analyses were restricted to Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) Counties and were stratified by IHS region. RESULTS. In CHSDA counties, cancer incidence rates among AI/ANs varied widely by region, whereas rates among NHWs did not. For all cancer sites combined, AI/AN rates were higher than NHW rates among both males and females in the Northern and Southern Plains, and among Alaska Native Females; AI/AN rates were lower than NHW rates in the Southwest, the Pacific Coast, and the Fast. Lung cancer and colorectal cancer rates for AI/ANs exceeded rates for NHWs in Alaska and the Northern Plains. Rates for stomach, gallbladder, kidney, and liver cancer were higher among AI/ANs than among NHWs overall, in Alaska, in the Plains regions, and in the Southwest. CONCLUSIONS. Regional differences in cancer incidence rates among AI/AN Populations were not obvious from nationwide data and highlighted opportunities for cancer control and prevention. It is unlikely that such differences are explained by Face misclassification. C1 [Wiggins, Charles L.] Univ New Mexico, New Mexico Tumor Registry, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kaur, Judith S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wilson, Robin Taylor] Mayo Clin, Native Amer Programs, Rochester, MN USA. [Swan, Judith; Miller, Barry A.] Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Hershey, PA USA. [Kelly, Janet J.; Lanier, Anne P.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Surveillance Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Espey, David K.; Wingo, Phyllis A.; Jim, Melissa A.] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Alaska Native Epidemiol Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Wiggins, CL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, New Mexico Tumor Registry, MSC-11 6020,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM cwiggins@salud.unm.edu FU National Cancer Institute (NCI) [N01-PC-35138]; University of New Mexico Cancer Center; NCI Cancer Support [P30-CA118100] FX Preparation of this article was supported, in part, by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Contract N01-PC-35138 and by the University of New Mexico Cancer Center, a recipient of NCI Cancer Support Grant P30-CA118100. NR 39 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1142 EP 1152 DI 10.1002/cncr.23734 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500005 PM 18720375 ER PT J AU Weir, HK Jim, MA Marrett, LD Fairley, T AF Weir, Hannah K. Jim, Melissa A. Marrett, Loraine D. Fairley, Temeika TI Cancer in American Indian and Alaska Native young adults (ages 20-44 years): US, 1999-2004 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE American Indian; Alaskan Native; cancer; incidence; surveillance; Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER); National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) ID NON-HISPANIC WHITES; UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; INCREASING INCIDENCE; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; COLORECTAL-CANCER; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; RISK; MORTALITY AB BACKGROUND. An examination of cancer incidence patterns in American Indians and Alaska Native (AI/AN) young adults may provide insight into their present and future cancer burden. METHODS. To reduce racial misclassification, incidence data were linked with the Indian Health Service (IHS) patient services database. Age-adjusted cancer incidence rates per 100,000 (AAR) and corresponding rate ratios (RR) for Young adults (ages 20-44 years) were compared across IHS regions and for selected cancers within Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties by race (Al/AN vs non-Hispanic whites [NHW]) and sex. RESULTS. The all-sites cancer incidence rate was lower for AI/ANs (AAR of 83.8) than for NHWs (AAR of 111.2) (RR of 0.75) hut varied by IHS regions. Among the leading cancers in Al/AN females the risk was elevated for stomach (RR of 3.22), colorectal (RR of 1.30), uterine (RR of 1.61), and kidney (RR of 1.39) cancers and was lower for breast (RR of 0.70) and thyroid (RR of 0.71) cancers. Among AI/AN young adult males the risk was elevated for stomach (RR of 2.62), liver (RR of 1.89), and kidney (RR of 1.59) cancers and lower for testicular germ cell cancer (RR of 0.64) and lymphoma (RR of 0.60). The risk for these and other cancers varied across HIS regions. CONCLUSIONS. Many of the cancer patterns that characterize the AI/AN population overall are apparent among young adults. Compared with NHW young adults, the overall cancer burden among AI/AN young adults was lower but varied for selected cancers and across IHS regions. Cancer control and research strategies are needed to address the unique genetic, social, cultural, and lifestyle aspects of AI/AN Young adults. C1 [Weir, Hannah K.; Jim, Melissa A.; Fairley, Temeika] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Jim, Melissa A.] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Marrett, Loraine D.] Canc Care Ontario, Div Prevent Oncol, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Weir, HK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K53,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hbw4@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement was sponsored by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1153 EP 1167 DI 10.1002/cncr.23731 PG 15 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500006 PM 18720386 ER PT J AU Bliss, A Cobb, N Solomon, T Cravatt, K Jim, MA Marshall, L Campbell, J AF Bliss, Anne Cobb, Nathaniel Solomon, Teshia Cravatt, Kym Jim, Melissa A. Marshall, LaTisha Campbell, Janis TI Lung cancer incidence among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States, 1999-2004 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cancer; incidence; American Indian; Alaska Native; misclassification; National Program of Cancer Registries; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; United States; health disparity ID NAVAJO MEN; NEW-MEXICO; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; PATTERNS; MONTANA; SMOKING; WHITES; RATES AB BACKGROUND. Lung cancer incidence rates among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) in the United States have not been described well, primarily because of race misclassification and, until the 1990s, incomplete coverage of their population by cancer registries. Smoking, the predominant cause Of lung cancer, is particularly prevalent among this population. METHODS. Data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program were combined to estimate age-adjusted incidence rates of lung cancer during 1999 through 2004. Cases were linked to Indian Health Service (IHS) registration databases to identify AI/ANs whose race may have been misclassified. Age-adjusted rates were calculated for Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) counties and for all counties by IHS region, and comparisons were made between AI/ANs and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). RESULTS. Among populations living in CHSDA counties, NHWs overall had higher rates Of lung cancer than AI/ANs. However, the rates (per 100,000 population) among AI/ANs varied substantially between IHS regions from 14.9 (Southwest) to 87.1 (Southern Plains), 93.2 (Alaska), and 104.3 (Northern Plains). Approximately 41.6% of AI/AN long cancer cases were diagnosed before age 65 years compared with approximately 29.8% of NHW long cancer cases. The overall percentage stage distribution was not different between AI/ANs and NHWs. Squamous Cell carcinomas were slightly more common and adenocarcinomas were less common among AI/ANs than among NHWs. lung cancer rates were not decreasing for AI/ANs as they were for NHWs. CONCLUSIONS. Data from this study clarified the need for culturally appropriate tobacco prevention and control policies and resources for AI/ANs in all regions, and especially in the Plains and Alaska. C1 [Cobb, Nathaniel] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Bliss, Anne; Campbell, Janis] Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Chron Dis Serv, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Solomon, Teshia] Univ Arizona, Dept Family & Community Med, Native Amer Res & Training Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cravatt, Kym] Cherokee Nation, Canc Prevent & Control, Tahlequah, OK USA. [Jim, Melissa A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Jim, Melissa A.] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Marshall, LaTisha] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cobb, N (reprint author), Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, 5300 Homestead NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM nathaniel.cobb@ihs.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement was sponsored by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1168 EP 1178 DI 10.1002/cncr.23738 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500007 PM 18720387 ER PT J AU Perdue, DG Perkins, C Jackson-Thompson, J Coughlin, SS Ahmed, F Haverkamp, DS Jim, MA AF Perdue, David G. Perkins, Carin Jackson-Thompson, Jeannette Coughlin, Steven S. Ahmed, Faruque Haverkamp, Donald S. Jim, Melissa A. TI Regional differences in colorectal cancer incidence, stage, and subsite among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1999-2004 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE colorectal cancer; epidemiology; incidence; Indians of North America; health disparities; screening; colonic subsite; cancer stage ID IOWA WOMENS HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; COLON-CANCER; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; DIETARY PATTERNS; AVERAGE-RISK; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE AB BACKGROUND. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs), hut misclassification of race causes underestimates of disease burden. METHODS. The authors compared regional differences in CRC incidence, stage at diagnosis, and anatomic distribution between AI/ANs and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). To reduce misclassification, data from the National Program of Cancer Registries; the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; and the Indian Health Service (IHS) were linked. The analysis was limited to the 56% of AI/AN who live in IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Areas. RESULTS. From 1999 to 2004, the overall incidence rate (per 100,000 persons per year) of CRC was 9% lower in the AI/AN population (46.3) than in the NHW Population (50.8). However, AI/AN CRC incidence rates varied nearly 5-fold regionally, from 21 in the Southwest to 102.6 in Alaska. Compared with NHW rates, AI/AN rates were significantly higher in Alaska (rate ratio [RR], 2.03), the Northern Plains (RR, 1.39), and the Southern Plains (RR, 1.16) but were lower in the Pacific Coast (RR, 0.80), the East (RR, 0.65), and the Southwest (RR, 0.45). AI/ANs were diagnosed more often with advanced CRC than with localized CRC (RR, 1.92) compared with NHWs (RR, 1.48). Females more often had proximal CRC among both the AI/AN population (females, 40.1%; mates, 33.5%) and the NHW population (females, 50.1%; males, 40.3%), although AI/ANs had a higher proportion of distal cancers overall. CONCLUSIONS. CRC incidence rates in AI/AN populations varied dramatically between regions. Efforts are needed to make CRC screening a priority overcome barriers to endoscopic screening, and to engage AI/AN communities in Culturally appropriate ways to participate in prevention and early detection programs. C1 [Perdue, David G.] Univ Minnesota, Mason Canc Ctr, Program Hlth Dispar, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Perdue, David G.] Minnesota Gastroenterol PA, Minneapolis, MN 14909 USA. [Perkins, Carin] Minnesota Canc Surveillance Syst, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Jackson-Thompson, Jeannette] Univ Missouri, Missouri Canc Registry, Columbia, MO USA. [Jackson-Thompson, Jeannette] Univ Missouri, Dept Hlth Management & Informat, Columbia, MO USA. [Coughlin, Steven S.; Ahmed, Faruque; Haverkamp, Donald S.; Jim, Melissa A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Perdue, DG (reprint author), Minnesota Gastroenterol PA, POB 14909, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. EM dperdue@mngastro.com FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement was sponsored by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 73 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1179 EP 1190 DI 10.1002/cncr.23726 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500008 PM 18720388 ER PT J AU Wingo, PA King, J Swan, J Coughlin, SS Kaur, JS Erb-Alvarez, JA Jackson-Thompson, J Solomon, TGA AF Wingo, Phyllis A. King, Jessica Swan, Judith Coughlin, Steven S. Kaur, Judith S. Erb-Alvarez, Julie A. Jackson-Thompson, Jeannette Solomon, Teshia G. Arambula TI Breast cancer incidence among American Indian and Alaska Native women: US, 1999-2004 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE incidence; breast cancer; American Indian/Alaska Native; National Program of Cancer Registries; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CERVICAL-CANCER; NEW-MEXICO; DIAGNOSIS; PATTERNS; RATES; STAGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETHNICITY AB BACKGROUND. Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women. Although published Studies have Suggested that breast cancer rates among AI/AN women are lower than those among other racial and ethnic populations, accurate determinations of the breast cancer burden have been hampered by misclassification of AI/AN race. METHODS. Cancer incidence data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program were combined to estimate age-adjusted rates for the diagnosis years 1999 through 2004. Several steps were taken to reduce the misclassification of AI/AN race: linking cases to Indian Health Service (IHS) patient services database, restricting analyses to Contract Health Service Delivery Area Counties, and stratifying results by IHS region. RESULTS. Breast cancer incidence rates among AI/AN women varied nearly 3-fold across IHS regions. The highest rates were in Alaska (134.8) and the Plains (Northern, 115.9; Southern, 115.7), and the lowest rates were in the Southwest (50.8). The rate in Alaska was similar to the rate among non-Hispanic white (NHW) women in Alaska. Overall, AI/AN women had lower rates of breast cancer than NHW women, but AI/AN women were more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage disease. CONCLUSIONS. To the authors' knowledge, this report provides the most comprehensive breast cancer incidence data for AI/AN women to date. The wide regional variation indicates an important need for etiologic and health services research, and the large percentage of AI/AN women with late-stage disease demands innovative approaches for increasing access to screening. C1 [Wingo, Phyllis A.; King, Jessica; Coughlin, Steven S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Swan, Judith] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kaur, Judith S.] Mayo Clin, Div Med Oncol, Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Erb-Alvarez, Julie A.] So Plains Inter Tribal Epidemiol Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Jackson-Thompson, Jeannette] Univ Missouri, Missouri Canc Registry, Columbia, MO USA. [Jackson-Thompson, Jeannette] Univ Missouri, Dept Hlth Management & Informat, Columbia, MO USA. [Solomon, Teshia G. Arambula] Univ Arizona, Dept Family & Community Med, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sic9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement was sponsored by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 64 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1191 EP 1202 DI 10.1002/cncr.23725 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500009 PM 18720389 ER PT J AU Henderson, JA Espey, DK Jim, MA German, RR Shaw, KM Hoffman, RM AF Henderson, Jeffrey A. Espey, David K. Jim, Melissa A. German, Robert R. Shaw, Kate M. Hoffman, Richard M. TI Prostate cancer incidence among American Indian and Alaska Native men, US, 1999-2004 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; cancer; incidence; American Indian; Alaska Native; misclassification; National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR); Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER); US; health disparity ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; RISK; ANTIGEN; HEALTH; POPULATIONS; VALIDATION; ANDROGENS; PATTERNS; TRENDS; WOMEN AB BACKGROUND. American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) men experience lower incidence of prostate cancer than other race/ethnic populations in the US, but racial misclassification of AI/AN men threatens the validity of these estimates. To the authors' knowledge, little is known concerning prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in AI/AN men. METHODS. The authors linked cancer registry data with Indian Health Service enrollment records to improve race classification. Analyses comparing cancer incidence rates and stage at diagnosis for AI/AN and non-Hispanic white (NHW) men for 6 geographic regions focused Oil Counties known to have less race misclassification. The authors also used Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System data to characterize PSA testing in AI/AN men. RESULTS. Prostate cancer incidence rates were generally lower in AI/AN than in NHW men for all regions combined (rate ratio of 0.68). However, regional variation was noted among AI/AN men, with incidence rates (per 100,000 Population) ranging from 65.7 in the Southwest to 174.5 on the Northern Plains. The rate of distant stage disease was somewhat higher among AI/AN (7.8) than NHW (6.2) men. Nationally, AI/AN men were less likely than NHW men to have undergone recent PSA testing (48.4% vs 58.0%), with prominent regional variation in screening rates noted. CONCLUSIONS. Prostate cancer incidence rates and the proportion of men with recent PSA testing were lower for AI/AN men than for NHW men. However, incident rates and rate of distant stage varied by region more for AI/AN than for NHW Further research is needed among AI/AN men to evaluate strategies for better understanding the causes of the regional variation in prostate cancer incidence. C1 [Henderson, Jeffrey A.] Black Hills Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Espey, David K.; Jim, Melissa A.; German, Robert R.; Shaw, Kate M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hoffman, Richard M.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Canc, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Henderson, JA (reprint author), Black Hills Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, 701 St Joseph St,Suite 204, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM jhenderson@bhcaih.org FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement was sponsored by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1203 EP 1212 DI 10.1002/cncr.23739 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500010 PM 18720376 ER PT J AU Wilson, RT Richardson, LC Kelly, JJ Kaur, J Jim, MA Lanier, AR AF Wilson, Robin Taylor Richardson, Lisa C. Kelly, Janet J. Kaur, Judith Jim, Melissa A. Lanier, Anne P. TI Cancers of the urinary tract among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States, 1999-2004 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cancer; incidence; American Indian; Alaska Native; misclassification; NPCR; SEER; United States; health disparity ID RENAL-CELL CANCER; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; BLADDER-CANCER; KIDNEY CANCER; GENETIC-BASIS; RISK-FACTORS; CARCINOMA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WOMEN; SURVEILLANCE AB BACKGROUND. Assessment of the kidney parenchyma ("kidney") and urinary bladder ("bladder") cancer burden among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) has been limited. Using it database with improved classification for AI/AN, the authors described patterns of these 2 cancers among AI/AN and non-Hispanic whites (NHW) in the United States. METHODS. Cases diagnosed during 1999 to 2004 were identified through National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program and linked to the Indian Health Service (IHS) registration records. Age-adjusted incidence rates, rate ratios (RR), annual percent change, and stage at diagnosis were stratified by IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) Counties to adjust for misclassification. RESULTS. Kidney cancer incidence among AI/AN in CHSDA Counties exceeded that among NHW (RR, 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-1.61), and was highest among AI/AN in the Northern Plains, Southern Plains, Alaska, and Southwest. Average annual increases were highest among AI/AN (5.9%) and NHW (5.9%) males aged 20 to 49 years, although statistically significant only among NHW Conversely, bladder cancer incidence was significantly lower among AI/AN than NHW (RR, 0.40; 95% Cl, 0.37-0.44). For both sites, AI/AN were significantly less likely to be diagnosed at an earlier stage than NHW. CONCLUSIONS. AI/AN have about 50% greater risk of kidney cancer and half the risk of bladder cancer than NHW. Although reasons for these enigmatic patterns are not known, Sustained primary Prevention efforts through tobacco cessation and obesity prevention are warranted. C1 [Wilson, Robin Taylor] Penn State Coll Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Epidemiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Richardson, Lisa C.; Jim, Melissa A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kelly, Janet J.; Lanier, Anne P.] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. [Kaur, Judith] Mayo Clin, Dept Oncol, Rochester, MN USA. [Jim, Melissa A.] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albury, NSW, Australia. RP Wilson, RT (reprint author), Penn State Coll Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Epidemiol, 600 Ctr View Dr,Mail Code A210, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM rwilson@psu.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement was sponsored by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1213 EP 1224 DI 10.1002/cncr.23733 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500011 PM 18720377 ER PT J AU Wiggins, CL Perdue, DG Henderson, JA Bruce, MG Lanier, AP Kelley, JJ Seals, BF Espey, DK AF Wiggins, Charles L. Perdue, David G. Henderson, Jeffrey A. Bruce, Michael G. Lanier, Anne P. Kelley, Janet J. Seals, Brenda F. Espey, David K. TI Gastric cancer among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States, 1999-2004 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cancer; incidence; American Indian; Alaska Native; misclassification; National Program of Cancer Registries; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; US; health disparity; gastric; stomach ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; STOMACH-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; IRON-DEFICIENCY; HIGH PREVALENCE; E-CADHERIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; CARCINOMA; ASSOCIATION AB BACKGROUND. Gastric cancer incidence rates for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) historically have exceeded those for non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Previous reports may have Underestimated the true burden of gastric cancer in AI/AN populations because of misclassification of AI/AN race in cancer registries. METHODS. Population-based cancer registry data from 1999 through 2004 were used to describe gastric cancer incidence in AI/ANs and NHWs in the US. To address misclassification of race, registry data were linked with Indian Health Service administrative records, and analyses were restricted to residents of Contract Health Service Delivery Areas (CHSDA). Disease patterns were assessed for 6 geographic regions and for all regions combined. Rates were expressed per 100,000 population and were age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. RESULTS. In CHSDA counties, gastric cancer incidence rates for AI/ANs were higher than the rates for NHWs across most regions. For both sexes combined, AI/AN rates ranged from 6.1 in the East region to 24.5 in Alaska; there was relatively little regional variation in NHW rates. Most patients with gastric cancer were diagnosed with late-stage disease, regardless of race, age, or sex. In some regions, cancer rates in the central/distal portions of the stomach were higher among AI/ANs than among NHWs, whereas rates in the proximal stomach were similar between the 2 populations. CONCLUSIONS. AI/ANs are generally at greater risk for gastric cancer than NHWs. Relatively high rates of cancer in the central/distal portions of the stomach among AI/ANs in some geographic regions may indicate a disproportional burden of Helicobacter pylori-associated disease. C1 [Wiggins, Charles L.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Canc, New Mexico Tumor Registry, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Perdue, David G.] Univ Minnesota, Ctr Canc, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Henderson, Jeffrey A.] Minnesota Gastroenterol PA, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Bruce, Michael G.] Black Hills Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Rapid City, SD USA. [Lanier, Anne P.; Kelley, Janet J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Investigat Program, Anchorage, AK USA. [Seals, Brenda F.] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Alaska Native Epidemiol Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Espey, David K.] Native Amer Canc Res, Pine, CO USA. [Perdue, David G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wiggins, CL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr Canc, New Mexico Tumor Registry, MSC-11 6020,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM cwiggins@salud.unm.edu FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U50 DP424071-04]; NCI NIH HHS [P30-CA118100, N01-PC-35138, R01 CA089139] NR 74 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1225 EP 1233 DI 10.1002/cncr.23732 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500012 PM 18720378 ER PT J AU Becker, TM Espey, DK Lawson, HW Saraiya, M Jim, MA Waxman, AG AF Becker, Thomas M. Espey, David K. Lawson, Herschel W. Saraiya, Mona Jim, Melissa A. Waxman, Alan G. TI Regional differences in cervical cancer incidence among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1999-2004 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE American Indian/Alaska Native; cervical cancer; surveillance; incidence ID UNITED-STATES; DETECTION PROGRAM; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; MORTALITY; CARCINOMA; RATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HISPANICS; DYSPLASIA AB BACKGROUND. Reports from limited geographic regions indicate higher rates of cervical cancer incidence in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women than in women of other races. However, accurate determinations of cervical cancer incidence in AI/AN women have been hampered by racial misclassification in central cancer registries. METHODS. The authors linked data from cancer registries participating in the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program with Indian Health Service (IHS) enrollment records to improve identification of AI/AN race. NPCR and SEER data were combined to estimate annualized age-adjusted rates (expressed per 100,000 persons) for the diagnosis years 1999 to 2004. Analyses focused on Counties known to have less racial misclassification, and results were stratified by IHS Region. Approximately 56% of AI/ANs in the US reside in these counties. The authors examined overall and age-specific incidence rates and stage at diagnosis for AV AN women compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) women. RESULTS. Invasive cervical cancer incidence rates among AI/AN women varied nearly 2-fold across IHS regions, with the highest rates reported in the Southern Plains (14.1) and Northern Plains (12.5); the lowest rates were in the Eastern region and the Pacific Coast. Overall, AI/AN women had higher rates of cervical cancer than NHW women and were more likely to be diagnosed with later stage disease. CONCLUSIONS. The wide regional variation of invasive cervical cancer incidence indicates an important need for health services research regarding cervical cancer screening and prevention education as well as policy development regarding human papillomavirus vaccine use, particularly in the regions with high incidence rates. C1 [Becker, Thomas M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Espey, David K.; Lawson, Herschel W.; Saraiya, Mona; Jim, Melissa A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Waxman, Alan G.] Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Becker, TM (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Portland, OR 97202 USA. EM beckert@ohsu.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement was sponsored by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0008-543X EI 1097-0142 J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1234 EP 1243 DI 10.1002/cncr.23736 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500013 PM 18720379 ER PT J AU Jim, MA Perdue, DG Richardson, LC Espey, DK Redd, JT Martin, HJ Kwong, SL Kelly, JJ Henderson, JA Ahmed, F AF Jim, Melissa A. Perdue, David G. Richardson, Lisa C. Espey, David K. Redd, John T. Martin, Howard J. Kwong, Sandy L. Kelly, Janet J. Henderson, Jethrey A. Ahmed, Faruque TI Primary liver cancer incidence among American Indians and Alaska Natives, US, 1999-2004 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE liver cancer; hepatocellular carcinoma; incidence; American Indian; Alaska Native; misclassification; NPCR; SEER; United States; health disparity ID CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; END RESULTS PROGRAM; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; INTRAHEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; VIRAL-HEPATITIS AB BACKGROUND. American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) experience higher morbidity and mortality from primary liver cancer than other United States (US) populations, but racial misclassification in medical records results in underestimates of disease burden. METHODS. To reduce misclassification, National Program of Cancer Registries and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data were linked with Indian Health Service OHS) enrollment records to compare primary liver cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis between AI/AN and non-Hispanic whites (NHW) living within the regionalized IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties. Incidence rates am expressed per 100,000 persons and age-adjusted by 19 age groups to the 2000 US standard population. RESULTS. Overall, AI/AN have a higher proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma compared with NHW, 77.8% versus 66.7%. Liver cancer incidence rates among AI/AN males and females were higher than those among NHW males and females for all regions except for the East. Among males, rates ranged from 7.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8-12.6) in the East to 17.2 (95% CI, 10.4-26.3) in Alaska. Among females, rates ranged from 3.8 (95% CI, 1.4-8.2) in the East to 6.9 (95% CI, 3.6-11.6) in Alaska. The AI/AN rates for all regions were consistently higher than the NHW rates at every age. An increasing trend among AI/AN was suggested but did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS. Reducing racial misclassification revealed higher disparities in primary liver cancer incidence between NHW and AI/AN populations than previously reported. Further description of the reasons for regional differences in this disparity is needed, as are programs to reduce risk factors and to diagnose primary liver cancer at earlier, more treatable stages. C1 [Jim, Melissa A.; Richardson, Lisa C.; Espey, David K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, IHS Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Jim, Melissa A.; Espey, David K.; Redd, John T.] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Perdue, David G.] Univ Minnesota, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Ctr Canc, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Perdue, David G.] Univ Minnesota, Program Hlth Dispar Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Perdue, David G.] Minnesota Gastroenterol PA, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Redd, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kwong, Sandy L.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Canc Surveillance Sect, Sacramento, CA USA. [Martin, Howard J.] Virginia Dept Hlth, Virginia Canc Registry, Off Family Hlth Serv, Richmond, VA USA. [Kelly, Janet J.] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Alaska Native Epidemiol Ctr, Off Alaska Native Hlth Res, Anchorage, AK USA. [Henderson, Jethrey A.] Black Hills Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Rapid City, SD USA. [Ahmed, Faruque] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jim, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, IHS Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, 5300 Homestead Rd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM melissa.jim@ihs.gov FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U50 DP424071-04]; NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA089139] NR 75 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1244 EP 1255 DI 10.1002/cncr.23728 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500014 PM 18720380 ER PT J AU Reichman, ME Kelly, JJ Kosary, CL Coughlin, SS Jim, MA Lanier, AP AF Reichman, Marsha E. Kelly, Janet J. Kosary, Carol L. Coughlin, Steven S. Jim, Melissa A. Lanier, Anne P. TI Incidence of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1999-2004 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cancer; incidence; oral cavity; pharynx; American Indian/Alaska Native; NPCR; SEER ID NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA; UNITED-STATES; ALCOHOL-DRINKING; TOBACCO SMOKING; CHINA; RISK AB BACKGROUND. Previous studies identified disparities in incidence rates of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx between American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic whites (NHW) and differences between various AI/AN populations. Reporting among AI/AN has been hampered by: 1) heterogeneity among various anatomic sites of oral cavity mid pharyngeal cancers obscuring unique patterns of individual anatomic sites; 2) race misclassification and underreporting of AI/AN; and 3) sparseness of data needed to identify regional variations. METHODS. To improve race classification of AI/AN, data from US central cancer registries were linked with Indian Health Service (IHS) records. AI/AN incidence data from 1999 to 2004 were stratified by sex, age, stage at diagnosis, and anatomic subsite for 6 IHS geographic regions and compared with NHW populations. RESULTS. For all oral cavity and pharynx cancers combined, among residents of Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties, AI/AN overall had significantly lower incidence rates than NHW (8.5 vs 11.0). However, AI/AN rates were significantly higher in the Northern Plains (13.9 vs 10.5) and Alaska (16,3 vs 10.6), significantly lower in the Pacific Coast (7.7 vs 11.6) and Southwest (3.3 vs 10.4), and similar in the Southern Plains (11.4). Overall AI/AN males had higher incidence rates than AI/AN women. Nasopharyngeal cancer was more frequent (1.1 AI/AN vs 0.4 NHW), and tongue cancer less frequent (1.6 AI/AN vs 2.9 NHW) in AI/AN than NHW populations; however, rates varied by region. Stage distribution was modestly less favorable for AI/AN compared with NHW populations. CONCLUSIONS. Variation by region, anatomic site, and sex indicates a need for research into etiologic factors and attention to regional risk factor profiles when planning cancer control programs. C1 [Reichman, Marsha E.; Kosary, Carol L.] NCI, Surveillance Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kelly, Janet J.; Lanier, Anne P.] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Alaska Native Epidemiol Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Coughlin, Steven S.; Jim, Melissa A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jim, Melissa A.] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Reichman, ME (reprint author), NCI, Surveillance Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, 6116 Execut Blvd,Suite 504, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ReichmaM@mail.nih.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement was sponsored by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1256 EP 1265 DI 10.1002/cncr.23735 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500015 PM 18720381 ER PT J AU Lemrow, SM Perdue, DG Stewart, SL Richardson, LC Jim, MA French, HT Swan, J Edwards, BK Wiggins, C Dickie, L Espey, DK AF Lemrow, Shannon M. Perdue, David G. Stewart, Sherri L. Richardson, Lisa C. Jim, Melissa A. French, Helen T. Swan, Judith Edwards, Brenda K. Wiggins, Charles Dickie, Lois Espey, David K. TI Gallbladder cancer incidence among American Indians and Alaska Natives, US, 1999-2004 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE American Indian/Alaska Native; surveillance; gallbladder cancer; regional stage; distant stage ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; BILE-DUCT; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CARCINOMA; PREVALENCE; GALLSTONES; EXPERIENCE; PATTERNS AB BACKGROUND. Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is rare; however, it disproportionately affects the American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) population. The purpose of the study was to characterize GBC among AI/AN in the US population. METHODS. Cases of GBC diagnosed between 1999 and 2004 and collected by state-based cancer registries were included. Registry records were linked with Indian Health Service (IHS) administration records to decrease race misclassification of AI/AN. GBC rates and/or percent distributions for AI/AN and non-Hispanic whites (NHW) were calculated by sex, IHS region, age, and stage for all US counties and IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) Counties, in which approximately 56% of US AI/AN individuals reside. RESULTS. In CHSDA Counties, the GBC incidence rate among AI/AN was 3.3 per 100,000, which was significantly higher than that among NHW (P < .05). Rates varied widely among IHS regions and ranged from 1.5 in the East to 5.5 in Alaska. Rates were higher among AI/AN females than males in all regions, except the Northern Plains. Higher percentages of GBC were diagnosed among AI/AN aged <65 years compared with NHW. GBC was most often diagnosed at the regional stage among AI/AN, whereas GBC was most often diagnosed at regional or distant stages among NHW. CONCLUSIONS. To the authors' knowledge to date, this is the most comprehensive study of GBC incidence among AI/AN in the US. The accurate characterization of GBC in this population could help inform the development of interventions aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality from this disease. C1 [Stewart, Sherri L.; Richardson, Lisa C.; Jim, Melissa A.; Espey, David K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lemrow, Shannon M.; French, Helen T.; Swan, Judith; Edwards, Brenda K.; Dickie, Lois] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Perdue, David G.] Univ Minnesota, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Ctr Canc, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Perdue, David G.] Univ Minnesota, Program Hlth Dispar Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Perdue, David G.] Minnesota Gasteroenterol PA, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Jim, Melissa A.; Espey, David K.] IHS, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Wiggins, Charles] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Canc, New Mexico Tumor Registry, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Stewart, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,K-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sstewart2@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control [U50 DP424071-04] FX This supplement was sponsored by Cooperative Agreement Number U50 DP424071-04 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1266 EP 1273 DI 10.1002/cncr.23737 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 346LH UT WOS:000259069500016 PM 18720382 ER PT J AU Huang, WY Hayes, R Pfeiffer, R Viscidi, RP Lee, FK Wang, YF Reding, D Whitby, D Papp, JR Rabkin, CS AF Huang, Wen-Yi Hayes, Richard Pfeiffer, Ruth Viscidi, Raphael P. Lee, Francis K. Wang, Yun F. Reding, Douglas Whitby, Denise Papp, John R. Rabkin, Charles S. TI Sexually transmissible infections and prostate cancer risk SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-2; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8 INFECTION; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PLASMA ANTIBODIES; OVARIAN-CANCER; SEROPREVALENCE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AB Background: Sexually transmissible infections (STI) have been variably associated with increased risks of prostate cancer, largely in case-control studies. Methods: In the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, we examined risk of prostate cancer in relation to serum antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, human papillomavirus-16 and -18, herpes simplex virus-2, cytomegalovirus, and human herpesvirus-8 in 868 cases (765 Whites and 103 Blacks) and 1,283 controls matched by race, age, time since initial screening, and year of blood draw; all blood samples were collected at least 1 year before prostate cancer diagnosis, except for 43 Black cases. We also assessed risk associated with self-reported history of syphilis and gonorrhea. Results: Prevalences of the 7 STIs among controls were weakly correlated, and all were more frequent among Blacks than Whites, except for human herpesvirus-8. Among Whites, prostate cancer risk was not significantly associated with the individual infections or with their number (P-trend = 0.1); however, men with one or more STI had slightly higher risk (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.6). Among Blacks, excess risk was associated with IgA antibody to C. trachomatis (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.6). Conclusion: This large prospective study of prostate cancer shows no consistent association with specific STIs and a borderline association with any versus none. Whether a shared response or correlated infection not directly measured underlies the weak association requires further study. C1 [Huang, Wen-Yi; Hayes, Richard; Pfeiffer, Ruth; Whitby, Denise; Rabkin, Charles S.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Viscidi, Raphael P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Stanley Div Dev Neurovirol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lee, Francis K.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wang, Yun F.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Papp, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chlamydia Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Reding, Douglas] Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Whitby, Denise] NCI, Viral Oncol Sect, AIDS Vaccine program, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Huang, WY (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8110,MSC 7240, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM huangw@mail.nih.gov RI Pfeiffer, Ruth /F-4748-2011 FU Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology; Genetics and Division of Cancer Prevention; National Cancer Institute; NIH; Department of Health and Human services FX Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human services. NR 71 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 17 IS 9 BP 2374 EP 2381 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0173 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 348LG UT WOS:000259211400027 PM 18768506 ER PT J AU Ma, Q AF Ma, Qiang TI Xenobiotic-activated receptors: From transcription to drug metabolism to disease SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; METAL-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; ST JOHNS WORT; NF-KAPPA-B; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION CASCADES; LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; UNION-OF-PHARMACOLOGY; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA AB Xenobiotic-activated receptors (XARs) are a group of ligand-activated transcription factors that are evolutionally specialized to regulate genomic programs to protect the body against innumerable chemicals from the environment. XARs share unique properties, such as promiscuous ligand binding, conserved structural motifs, common protein partners, and overlapping target genes. These unique features of XARs clearly distinguish them from receptors that are activated by endogenous chemicals to regulate energy metabolism, reproduction, and growth and differentiation. XARs regulate xenobiotic metabolism and disposition by controlling the expression and induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Furthermore, XARs integrate a broad range of protective mechanisms, such as antioxidative response and immune/inflammatory functions, to antagonize foreign chemicals. As the primary means of xenobiotic sensing and defense, XARs are intimately involved in drug disposition, polymorphic drug clearance, drug-drug interaction, and pathogenesis of some chemically induced cancers and chronic diseases. As a consequence, some XAR characteristics have been exploited in drug development and safety evaluation of drugs and environmental carcinogens and toxicants. In this perspective, common features and recent advances in the structures, modes of action, and implications in disease and drug development of XARs are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Natl Inst Occupat Safety & H, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Natl Inst Occupat Safety & H, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM qam1@cdc.gov NR 199 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1651 EP 1671 DI 10.1021/tx800156s PG 21 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 349IU UT WOS:000259275300002 PM 18707139 ER PT J AU Rittler, M Lopez-Camelo, JS Castilla, EE Bermejo, E Cocchi, G Correa, A Csaky-Szunyogh, M Danderfer, R De Vigan, C De Walle, H Dutra, MD Hirahara, F Martinez-Frias, ML Merlob, P Mutchinick, O Ritvanen, A Robert-Gnansia, E Scarano, G Siffel, C Stoll, C Mastroiacovo, P AF Rittler, Monica Lopez-Camelo, Jorge S. Castilla, Eduardo E. Bermejo, Eva Cocchi, Guido Correa, Adolfo Csaky-Szunyogh, Melinda Danderfer, Ron De Vigan, Catherine De Walle, Hermien da Graca Dutra, Maria Hirahara, Fumiki Luisa Martinez-Frias, Maria Merlob, Paul Mutchinick, Osvaldo Ritvanen, Annukka Robert-Gnansia, Elisabeth Scarano, Gioacchino Siffel, Csaba Stoll, Claude Mastroiacovo, Pierpaolo TI Preferential associations between oral clefts and other major congenital anomalies SO CLEFT PALATE-CRANIOFACIAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE association; cleft lip; cleft palate; multiple congenital anomalies; pattern ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; INTERNATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE; MULTIPLE MALFORMATIONS; PALATE; LIP; POPULATION; INFANTS; PERSPECTIVE; CALIFORNIA AB Objectives: To identify preferential associations between oral clefts (CL = cleft lip only, CLP = cleft lip with cleft palate, CP = cleft palate) and nonoral cleft anomalies, to interpret them on clinical grounds, and, based on the patterns of associated defects, to establish whether CL and CLP are different conditions. Design and Settings: Included were 1416 cleft cases (CL = 131, CLP = 565, CP = 720), among 8304 live- and stillborn infants with multiple congenital anomalies, from 6,559,028 births reported to the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research by 15 registries between 1994 and 2004. Rates of associated anomalies were established, and multinomial logistic regressions applied to identity significant associations. Results: Positive associations with clefts were observed for only a few defects, among which anencephaly, encephaloceles, club feet, and ear anomalies were the most outstanding. Anomalies negatively associated with clefts included congenital heart defects, VATER complex (vertebral defects, imperforate anus, tracheoesophageal fistula, and radial and renal dysplasia), and spina bifida. Conclusion: The strong association between all types of clefts and anencephaly seems to be attributable to cases with disruptions; the association between CP and club feet seems to be attributable to conditions with fetal akinesia. (Continued on next page.) Some negative associations may depend on methodologic factors, while others, such as clefts with VATER components or clefts with spina bifida, may depend on biological factors. The different patterns of defects associated with CL and CLP, indicating different underlying mechanisms, suggest that CL and CLP reflect more than just variable degrees of severity, and that distinct pathways might be involved. C1 [Rittler, Monica] Hosp Materno Infantil Ramon Sarda, ECLAMC Latin Amer Collaborat Study Congenital Mal, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Lopez-Camelo, Jorge S.] IMBICE, ECLAMC, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Lopez-Camelo, Jorge S.; Castilla, Eduardo E.] CEMIC, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Castilla, Eduardo E.] Inst Oswaldo Cruz FIOCRUZ, ECLAMC, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Bermejo, Eva] CIBERER Ctr Biomed Res Rare Dis, CIAC Res Ctr Congenital Anomalies, ECEMC Spanish Collaborat Study Congenital Malform, Dept Epidemiol, Madrid, Spain. [Cocchi, Guido] Univ Bologna, IMER Italy Emilia Romagna, Inst Clin Pediat Prevent & Neonatol, Bologna, Italy. [Correa, Adolfo; Siffel, Csaba] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Diabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Csaky-Szunyogh, Melinda] HCAR, Dept Human Genet & Teratol, Natl Ctr Epidemiol, Budapest, Hungary. [Danderfer, Ron] BC Vital Stat Agcy, Hlth Status Registry, Victoria, BC, Canada. [De Vigan, Catherine] Rech Epidemiol Sante Perinatale & Sante Femmes, INSERM, U 149, Registre Malformat Congenitales Paris, Villejuif, France. [De Walle, Hermien] Univ Groningen, EUROCAT No Netherlands, Dept Genet, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. [da Graca Dutra, Maria] Inst Oswaldo Cruz FIOCRUZ, ECLAMC, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Hirahara, Fumiki] Yokohama City Univ, Sch Med, ICBDSR Japan Ctr, JAOG,Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Luisa Martinez-Frias, Maria] ECEMC, Madrid, Spain. [Luisa Martinez-Frias, Maria] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBERER, Principal Researcher Grp 724, CIAC, Madrid, Spain. [Luisa Martinez-Frias, Maria] Univ Complutense, Dept Pharmacol, Fac Med, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Merlob, Paul] Rabin Med Ctr, Dept Neonatol, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. [Mutchinick, Osvaldo] Natl Inst Med Sci & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Genet, RYVEMCE, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Ritvanen, Annukka] Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth STAKES, Helsinki, Finland. [Robert-Gnansia, Elisabeth] Registre Malformat Rhone Alpes, REMERA, Lyon, France. [Scarano, Gioacchino] Osservatorio Epidemiol Reg, Assessorato Sanita, Naples, Italy. [Scarano, Gioacchino] G Rummo Hosp, Div Med Genet, Benevento, Italy. [Stoll, Claude] Fac Med Strasbourg, Med Genet Lab, Strasbourg, France. [Mastroiacovo, Pierpaolo] Ctr Int Clearinghouse Birth Defects Surveillance, Rome, Italy. RP Rittler, M (reprint author), Tucuman 3130,Olivos, RA-1636 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM mrittler@fibertel.com.ar RI BERMEJO-SANCHEZ, EVA/E-8703-2012 OI BERMEJO-SANCHEZ, EVA/0000-0001-7282-2714 FU ICBDSR Centre of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Cooperative Agreement [U50/CCU207141]; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo FX We acknowledge the support for this work to the ICBDSR Centre of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Cooperative Agreement Number U50/CCU207141, the WHO-Human Genetic Program. and the P50 Award for Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil, Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina, sponsored the ECLAMC Program. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, and "Fundacion 1000 sobre Defectos Congenitos" of Spain supported the ECEMC Program. Cynthia Moore and Richard Olney reviewed and classified many of the multimalformed cases for the Metropolitan Congenital Defects Program in Atlanta. Georgia. We thank the following persons at the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry for their data collection, classification, and review work over the years: Gyorgyne Palffy, Julia Metneki. Laszlo Timar, and Andrew E. Czeizel. NR 38 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1055-6656 J9 CLEFT PALATE-CRAN J JI Cleft Palate-Craniofac. J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 45 IS 5 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.1597/06-250.1 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Surgery SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Surgery GA 348XF UT WOS:000259242700011 PM 18788868 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, M Duewer, DL Sharpless, KE Lippa, KA AF Nelson, Bryant C. Pfeiffer, Christine M. Zhang, Ming Duewer, David L. Sharpless, Katherine E. Lippa, Katrice A. TI Commutability of NIST SRM 1955 Homocysteine and Folate in Frozen Human Serum with selected total homocysteine immunoassays and enzymatic assays SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; commutability; homocysteine; immunoassay; enzymatic assay; standard reference material ID PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METHYLMALONIC ACID; RISK-FACTOR; ANALYZER; PERFORMANCE; REGRESSION AB Background: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has recently developed Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1955 Homocysteine and Folate in Frozen Human Serum with certified values for total homocysteine (tHcy) and 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid. NIST has performed an international, interlaboratory assessment of SRM 1955 commutability; results are reported for tHcy only. Methods: Total Hcy was measured in 20 patient sera and in 3 levels of SRM 1955 using 14 immunoassays and/or enzymatic assays. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was utilized as the reference assay. An "errors-in-variables" statistical model was utilized to assess the commutability of SRM 1955. Results: Normalized residuals ranged from -2.65 to 2.19 for SRM 1955. The median interlaboratory/interassay imprecision (CV) was approximate to 4% for patient specimens and ranged from approximate to 3% to approximate to 7% for SRM 1955. The median intra-assay imprecision ranged from approximate to 1% to approximate to 13%. Orthogonal residuals, as a descriptor of assay accuracy. ranged from 0.29 to 7.71 and from 0.20 to 2.22 for patient specimens and SRM 1955 samples, respectively. Conclusion: The current study suggests that SRM 1955 is commutable with the investigated tHcy assays; however, a broader specimen set needs to be evaluated to completely substantiate this conclusion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nelson, Bryant C.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Zhang, Ming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Duewer, David L.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Lippa, Katrice A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryant.nelson@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD SEP PY 2008 VL 395 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2008.05.016 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 342QT UT WOS:000258799300019 PM 18565331 ER PT J AU Neil, K Berkelman, R AF Neil, Karen Berkelman, Ruth TI Increasing incidence of legionellosis in the United States, 1990-2005: Changing epidemiologic trends SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; SURVEILLANCE; DIAGNOSIS; ETIOLOGY; RISK; POPULATION; GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY AB Background. An abrupt increase in the incidence of legionellosis in the United States has been noted since 2003. Whether the recent increase is associated with shifting epidemiologic trends has not been well characterized. Methods. We analyzed all cases of legionellosis reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System from 1990 through 2005. Results. A total of 23,076 cases of legionellosis were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1990 through 2005. The number of reported cases increased by 70% from 1310 cases in 2002 to 2223 cases in 2003, with a sustained increase to 12000 cases per year from 2003 through 2005. The eastern United States showed most of the increases in age-adjusted incidence rates after 2002, with the mean rate in the Middle Atlantic states during 2003-2005 exceeding that during 1990-2002 by 96%. During 2000-2005, legionellosis cases were most commonly reported in persons aged 45-64 years. Persons aged <65 years comprised 63% of total cases in 2000-2005. Age-adjusted incidence rates in males exceeded those in females for all age groups and years. Legionellosis incidence showed marked seasonality in eastern states, with most cases reported in the summer or fall. Conclusions. Reported legionellosis cases have increased substantially in recent years, particularly in the eastern United States and among middle-aged adults. Legionella infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient with pneumonia. Public health professionals should focus increased attention on detection and prevention of this important and increasing public health problem. C1 [Neil, Karen; Berkelman, Ruth] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Neil, K (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Karen.Neil@cdc.hhs.gov NR 38 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 591 EP 599 DI 10.1086/590557 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 333VN UT WOS:000258181000001 PM 18665818 ER PT J AU Begier, EM Oberste, MS Landry, ML Brennan, T Mlynarski, D Mshar, PA Frenette, K Rabatsky-Ehr, T Purviance, K Nepaul, A Nix, WA Pallansch, MA Ferguson, D Cartter, ML Hadler, JL AF Begier, Elizabeth M. Oberste, M. Steven Landry, Marie L. Brennan, Timothy Mlynarski, Diana Mshar, Patricia A. Frenette, Kasia Rabatsky-Ehr, Terry Purviance, Katherine Nepaul, Ava Nix, W. Allan Pallansch, Mark A. Ferguson, David Cartter, Matt L. Hadler, James L. TI An outbreak of concurrent echovirus 30 and coxsackievirus A1 infections associated with sea swimming among a group of travelers to Mexico SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHILD-CARE CENTER; VIRAL MENINGITIS; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; ENTEROVIRUS SEROTYPES; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; UNITED-STATES; VIRUSES; WATER; AMPLIFICATION; DIARRHEA AB Background. Enteroviruses are shed in human stool and can cause a wide spectrum of illness. They are the leading cause of aseptic meningitis. Methods. In 2004, the Connecticut Department of Public Health investigated a meningitis cluster among persons returning from a school-organized trip to Mexico. Results. Among 29 travelers (25 teenagers and 4 adult chaperones), 21 became acutely ill. Viral culture and nucleic acid amplification testing of stool (n = 27) and cerebrospinal fluid (n = 4) specimens identified enteroviral infection in 20 of 28 travelers from whom any specimen was obtained; 4 had echovirus 30 only, 11 had coxsackievirus (CV) A1 only, 4 had both echovirus 30 and CVA1, and 1 had CVA5 only. Illness onset dates were tightly clustered 4 days after a prolonged swim in the Gulf of Mexico. Time spent swimming was significantly associated with the odds of enteroviral infection (univariate odds ratio for each additional hour swimming, 14.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-154.3). Headache, fever, vomiting, and nausea occurred more frequently among the echovirus 30 infected travelers than among the uninfected control subjects (). The most frequent symptoms among P < .05 travelers infected with only CVA1 identified were nausea and diarrhea (36% each), but neither was significantly associated with CVA1 infection; 5 patients with CVA1 infection were asymptomatic. Conclusions. We identified multiple enteroviruses among the travelers. Clustered illness onsets suggest point-source exposure, which likely was a sea swim in sewage-contaminated seawater. Novel molecular amplification and sequencing methodologies were required to recognize the rarely identified CVA1, but it is ambiguous whether CVA1 infection caused illness. Travelers should be aware of risks associated with swimming in natural waters when visiting areas where there is limited sewage treatment. C1 [Begier, Elizabeth M.; Mlynarski, Diana; Mshar, Patricia A.; Frenette, Kasia; Rabatsky-Ehr, Terry; Purviance, Katherine; Nepaul, Ava; Cartter, Matt L.; Hadler, James L.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Hartford, CT USA. [Brennan, Timothy] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, Hartford, CT USA. [Landry, Marie L.; Ferguson, David] Yale New Haven Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. [Landry, Marie L.; Ferguson, David] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Begier, Elizabeth M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Oberste, M. Steven; Nix, W. Allan; Pallansch, Mark A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Begier, EM (reprint author), Epidemiol & Field Serv, Bur HIV AIDS Prevent & Control, New York City Dept Hlth, 346 Broadway,Rm 707, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM ebegier@health.nyc.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 616 EP 623 DI 10.1086/590562 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 333VN UT WOS:000258181000005 PM 18637756 ER PT J AU Winthrop, KL Nyendak, M Calvet, H Oh, P Lo, M Swarbrick, G Johnson, C Lewinsohn, DA Lewinsohn, DM Mazurek, GH AF Winthrop, Kevin L. Nyendak, Melissa Calvet, Helene Oh, Peter Lo, Melanie Swarbrick, Gwendolyn Johnson, Carol Lewinsohn, Deborah A. Lewinsohn, David M. Mazurek, Gerald H. TI Interferon-gamma release assays for diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in renal dialysis patients SO CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKIN-TEST; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; HIGH PREVALENCE; VACCINATION; ANERGY; CELLS AB Background and objectives: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are at high risk for tuberculosis (TB). IFN-gamma release assays that assess immune responses to specific TB antigens offer potential advantages over tuberculin skin testing (TST) in screening such patients for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This study sought to determine whether IFN-gamma release assay results are more closely associated with recent TB exposure than TST results. Design, setting, participants, and measures: Prospective cohort investigation of patients at a hemodialysis center with a smear-positive case of TB. Patients without a history of TB underwent initial and repeat testing with TST, and with the IFN-gamma assays QuantiFERON-TB Gold(R) (QFT-G) and ELISPOT test. Outcome measures included the prevalence of positive test results, identification of factors associated with positive results, and test result discordance. Results: A total of 100 (47% foreign born; median age, 55 yr, age range, 18 to 83 yr) of 124 eligible patients were enrolled. Twenty-six persons had positive TST results, 21 had positive QFT-G results, and 27 had positive ELISPOT results. Patients with TB case contact were likely to have a positive QFT-G result (P = 0.02) and ELISPOT results (P = 0.04), whereas TB case contact was not associated with positive TST results (P = 0.7). Positive TST results were associated with foreign birth (P = 0.04) and having had a TST in the previous year (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Positive IFN-gamma assay results were more closely associated with recent TB exposure than were positive TST results. QFT-G and ELISPOT might offer a better method for detecting TB infection in ESRD patients. C1 [Winthrop, Kevin L.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Winthrop, Kevin L.; Mazurek, Gerald H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Johnson, Carol; Lewinsohn, David M.] Portland VA Med Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Calvet, Helene] Long Beach Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Long Beach, CA USA. [Winthrop, Kevin L.; Oh, Peter; Lo, Melanie] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Richmond, CA USA. RP Winthrop, KL (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM Winthrop@ohsu.edu RI Lewinsohn, David/I-4936-2013 OI Lewinsohn, David/0000-0001-9906-9494 NR 22 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NEPHROLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1725 I ST, NW STE 510, WASHINGTON, DC 20006 USA SN 1555-9041 J9 CLIN J AM SOC NEPHRO JI Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1357 EP 1363 DI 10.2215/CJN.01010208 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 342AR UT WOS:000258757500023 PM 18550653 ER PT J AU Clark, J Lampe, MA Jamieson, DJ AF Clark, Jill Lampe, Margaret A. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Testing women for human immunodeficiency virus infection: Who, when, and how? SO CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV testing; women ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; PRECONCEPTION CARE; UNITED-STATES; ZIDOVUDINE; MULTICENTER; INTRAPARTUM; NEVIRAPINE; TYPE-1; TRIAL AB Obstetrician-gynecologists provide comprehensive primary and preventive care for women and are ideally suited to provide human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening for their patients. This paper provides a summary and rationale for the current recommendations for HIV testing among women in the United States, emphasizing recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. A summary and rationale for current recommendations for HIV testing among women in the United States, emphasizing recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists is presented. Who should receive HIV testing, when and how often testing should be conducted, and how testing should be offered are discussed. These recommendations are described separately for general populations (including nonpregnant women) and for pregnant women and their infants. C1 [Clark, Jill] Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Clark, Jill; Lampe, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jamieson, Denise J.] CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Clark, J (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, 250 Washington St, Boston, MA 02108 USA. EM jill.clark@state.ma.us NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-9201 J9 CLIN OBSTET GYNECOL JI Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 507 EP 517 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 330JQ UT WOS:000257937600004 PM 18677143 ER PT J AU Farnon, EC Sejvar, JJ Staples, JE AF Farnon, Eileen C. Sejvar, James J. Staples, J. Erin TI Severe disease manifestations associated with acute chikungunya virus infection SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE chikungunya virus; arbovinus; meningitis; encephalitis; hepatitis; myocarditis; Guillain-Barre syndrome ID REUNION ISLAND; ADULT PATIENTS; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC C1 [Farnon, Eileen C.; Sejvar, James J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Staples, J. Erin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Farnon, EC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2682 EP 2683 DI 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181843d94 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 345TV UT WOS:000259020800030 PM 18728479 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Morse, SA Oncu, S AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Morse, Stephen A. Oncu, Serkan TI Structure of the anthrax research literature SO DEFENCE SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; anthraxin; bioterrorism; biowarfare; bioweapons; biological weapons; biodefence; biosecurity; biosurety; information technology; text mining; bibliometrics; citation analysis; computational linguistics; clustering; taxonomy ID BIOTERRORISM-RELATED ANTHRAX; DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; INFRASTRUCTURE; BIBLIOMETRICS AB Text mining was used to extract technical intelligence from the open source global anthrax research literature. An anthrax-focused query was applied to the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) (SCI, 2006) databases. The anthrax research literature infrastructure (prolific authors, key journals/institutions/ countries, most cited authors/journals/ documents) was obtained using bibliometrics, and the anthrax research literature technical structure (hierarchical taxonomy) was obtained using computational linguistics/document Clustering. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Morse, Stephen A.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Oncu, Serkan] Adnan Menderes Univ, Fac Med, Aydin, Turkey. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Mitre Corp, 7525 Colshire Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Oncu, Serkan/E-4324-2013 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU DEFENCE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION DOCUMENTATION CENTRE PI DELHI PA METCALFE HOUSE, DELHI 110054, INDIA SN 0011-748X J9 DEFENCE SCI J JI Def. Sci. J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 5 BP 678 EP 685 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 353VT UT WOS:000259597500010 ER PT J AU Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn TI The prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in the ALSPAC cohort SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yeargin-Allsopp, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. FU Medical Research Council [G9815508] NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 50 IS 9 BP 646 EP 646 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 337NF UT WOS:000258442100004 PM 18754911 ER PT J AU Zhang, XP Geiss, LS Cheng, YJ Beckles, GL Gregg, EW Kahn, HS AF Zhang, Xuanping Geiss, Linda S. Cheng, Yiling J. Beckles, Gloria L. Gregg, Edward W. Kahn, Henry S. TI The missed patient with diabetes - How access to health care affects the detection of diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID INSURANCE-COVERAGE; UNINSURED ADULTS; PREVENTIVE CARE; INCOME; CONSEQUENCES; SERVICES AB OBJECTIVE - This study examined the association between access to health care and three classifications of diabetes status: diagnosed, undiagnosed, and no diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Using data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we identified 11.0 "missed patients" (fasting plasma glucose > 125 mg/dl but without diagnoses of diabetes), 704 patients with diagnosed diabetes, and 4,782 people without diabetes among adults aged 18-64 years. The population percentage undetected among adults with diabetes and the odds ratio of being undetected among adults who reported not having diabetes were compared between groups based on their access to health care. RESULTS - Among those with diabetes, the percentages having undetected diabetes were 42.2% (95% CI 36.7-47.7) among the uninsured, 25.9% (22.9-28.9) among the insured, 49.3% (43.0-55.6) for those uninsured >1 year, 38.7% (29.2-48.2) for those uninsured <= 1 year, and 24.5% (21.7-27.3) for those continuously insured over the past year. Type of insurance, number of times receiving health care in the past year, and routine patterns of health care utilization were also associated With undetected diabetes. Multivariate adjustment indicated that having undetected diabetes was associated with being uninsured (odds ratio 1.7 [95% CI 1.0-2.9]) and with being uninsured >1 year (2.6 [1.4-5.01). CONCLUSIONS - Limited access to health care, especially being Uninsured and going without insurance for a long period, was significantly associated with being a "missed patient" with diabetes, Efforts to increase detection of diabetes may need to address issues of access to care. C1 [Zhang, Xuanping; Geiss, Linda S.; Cheng, Yiling J.; Beckles, Gloria L.; Gregg, Edward W.; Kahn, Henry S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zhang, XP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM xbz2@cdc.gov OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.; The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 27 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 2008 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1748 EP 1753 DI 10.2337/dc08-0572 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 343QN UT WOS:000258868800009 PM 18753665 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Li, CY Sattar, N AF Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Sattar, Naveed TI Metabolic syndrome and incident diabetes - Current state of the evidence SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION-PROGRAM; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; TREATMENT PANEL-III; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ALTERNATIVE DEFINITIONS; SUGGESTED DEFINITIONS; CHINESE POPULATION; RISK SCORE; MELLITUS AB OBJECTIVE - Our objective was to perform a quantitative review of prospective studies examining the association between the metabolic syndrome and incident diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Using the title terms "diabetes" and "metabolic syndrome" in PubMed, we searched for articles published since 1998. RESULTS - Based on the results from 16 cohorts, we performed a meta-analysis of estimates of relative risk (RR) and incident diabetes. The random-effects summary RRs were 5. 17 (95% CI 3.99-6.69) for the 1999 World Health Organization definition (ten cohorts) 4.45 (2.41-8.22) for the 1999 European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance definition (four cohorts); 3.53 (2.84-4.39) for the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program definition (thirteen cohorts) 5.12 (3.26-8.05) for the 2005 American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute definition (five cohorts), and 4.42 (3.30-5.92) for the 2005 International Diabetes Federation definition (nine cohorts). The fixed-effects summary RR for the 2004 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association definition was 5.16 (4.43-6.00) (six cohorts). Higher number of abnormal components was Strongly related to incident diabetes. Compared with participants without an abnormality, estimates of RR for those with four or more abnormal components ranged from 10.88 to 24.4. Limited evidence suggests fasting glucose alone may be as good as metabolic syndrome for diabetes prediction. CONCLUSIONS - The metabolic syndrome, however defined, has a stronger association with incident diabetes than that previously demonstrated for coronary heart disease. Its clinical value for diabetes prediction remains uncertain. C1 [Ford, Earl S.; Li, Chaoyang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sattar, Naveed] Univ Glasgow, BHF Glasgow Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 219 Z9 229 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 2008 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1898 EP 1904 DI 10.2337/dc08-0423 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 343QN UT WOS:000258868800038 PM 18591398 ER PT J AU Schlosser, M Mueller, PW Achenbach, P Bingley, PJ AF Schlosser, M. Mueller, P. W. Achenbach, P. Bingley, P. J. TI First international proficiency testing of novel autoantibodies against Zn Transporter-8 and IA-2beta - Results of the Diabetes Antibody Standardisation Program SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schlosser, M.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Karlsburg, Germany. [Mueller, P. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Achenbach, P.] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Diabet Forschung, Munich, Germany. [Bingley, P. J.] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD SEP PY 2008 VL 51 SU 1 MA 335 BP S141 EP S142 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 340QN UT WOS:000258660200335 ER PT J AU Rouphael, NG Atwell-Melnick, N Longo, D Whaley, M Carlone, GM Sampson, JS Ades, EW AF Rouphael, Nadine G. Atwell-Melnick, Nikkol Longo, Dana Whaley, Melissa Carlone, George M. Sampson, Jackie S. Ades, Edwin W. TI A real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in blood using a mouse model: a potential new "gold standard" SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Pnecumococci and Pneumococcal Disease CY JUN 08-12, 2008 CL Reykjavik, ICELAND DE real-time PCR; Streptococcus pneumoniae; bacteremia; murine model ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CAPSULAR TYPE; PCR; MICE; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; SAMPLES AB Better diagnostics for pneumococcal disease are urgently needed. In a murine model, real-time polymerase chain reaction was superior to conventional culture in detecting pneumococcus in blood, particularly in early disease and after antibiotic administration, and Could distinguish between commensalism and infection. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rouphael, Nadine G.; Atwell-Melnick, Nikkol; Longo, Dana; Whaley, Melissa; Carlone, George M.; Sampson, Jackie S.; Ades, Edwin W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Immunol Lab, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rouphael, NG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Immunol Lab, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nadine.rouphael@gmail.com RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 23 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.06.002 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 345JZ UT WOS:000258994000005 PM 18621498 ER PT J AU Reik, R Tenover, FC Klein, E McDonald, LC AF Reik, Rebecca Tenover, Fred C. Klein, Eill McDonald, L. Clifford TI The burden of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections in US hospitals, 2003 to 2004 SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE vancomycin; resistance; Enterococcus; burden ID ANTIMICROBIAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; ECONOMIC OUTCOMES; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; THERAPY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FAECIUM AB Despite significant concern in the health care community regarding vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), there are no estimates of the total number of VRE infections that occur each year in US hospitals. Using data from a national Survey of hospital discharges and a national antimicrobial resistance surveillance system, we estimated the annual number of US hospitalization with VRE bloodstream, urinary tract, and wound or intra-abdominal infections. Because of the inexact nature of hospital discharge diagnosis coding, we made both a conservative and liberal estimate of hospitalization with VRE infection by using a variety of data Sources. For the years 2003 and 2004, we conservatively estimated that there were 20 777 and 20 93 1 VRE infections, respectively; for those same years, the liberal estimates were 78 330 and 85 586, respectively. Because there are Such a large number of hospital discharges for which an infection is coded without an organism code, it is likely that the conservative estimate is an underestimate of the true burden. These estimates highlight the importance of controlling VRE and the need to develop improved methods for tracking the burden of such infections. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tenover, Fred C.; McDonald, L. Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Reik, Rebecca] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Klein, Eill] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmcdonald@cdc.gov RI Klein, Eili/C-3745-2012; OI Klein, Eili/0000-0002-1304-5289 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.04.013 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 345JZ UT WOS:000258994000012 PM 18508225 ER PT J AU Lerner, EB Schwartz, RB Coule, PL Weinstein, ES Cone, DC Hunt, RC Sasser, SM Liu, JM Nudell, NG Wedmore, IS Hammond, J Bulger, EM Salomone, JP Sanddal, TL Lord, GC Markenson, D O'Connor, RE AF Lerner, E. Brooke Schwartz, Richard B. Coule, Phillip L. Weinstein, Eric S. Cone, David C. Hunt, Richard C. Sasser, Scott M. Liu, J. Marc Nudell, Nikiah G. Wedmore, Ian S. Hammond, Jeffrey Bulger, Eileen M. Salomone, Jeffrey P. Sanddal, Teri L. Lord, Graydon C. Markenson, David O'Connor, Robert E. TI Mass Casualty Triage: An Evaluation of the Data and Development of a Proposed National Guideline SO DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS LA English DT Review DE triage; trauma and injury; emergency medical services AB Mass casualty triage is a critical skill. Although many systems exist to guide providers in making triage decisions, there is little scientific evidence available to demonstrate that any of the available systems have been validated. Furthermore, in the United States there is little consistency from one jurisdiction to the next in the application of mass casualty triage methodology. There are no nationally agreed upon categories or color designations. This review reports on a consensus committee process used to evaluate and compare commonly used triage systems, and to develop a proposed national mass casualty triage guideline. The proposed guideline, entitled SALT (sort, assess, life-saving interventions, treatment and/or transport) triage, was developed based on the best available science and consensus opinion. It incorporates aspects from all of the existing triage systems to create a single overarching guide for unifying the mass casualty triage process across the United States. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2(Suppl 1): S25-S34) C1 [Lerner, E. Brooke; Liu, J. Marc] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Emergency Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Schwartz, Richard B.; Coule, Phillip L.] Med Coll Georgia, Dept Emergency Med, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Weinstein, Eric S.; Cone, David C.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Sect Emergency Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Hunt, Richard C.; Sasser, Scott M.] CDC, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nudell, Nikiah G.] Idaho EMS Bur, Boise, ID USA. [Hammond, Jeffrey] Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Bulger, Eileen M.] Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Salomone, Jeffrey P.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Surg Crit Care, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lord, Graydon C.] George Washington Univ, Homeland Secur Policy Inst, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Markenson, David] New York Med Coll, Ctr Disaster Med, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [O'Connor, Robert E.] Univ Virginia Hlth System, Dept Emergency Med, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Lerner, EB (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Emergency Med, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM eblerner@mcw.edu OI Salomone, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1322-202X; Nudell, Nikiah/0000-0002-2414-2025; Cone, David/0000-0002-7437-959X FU NCIPC CDC HHS [R49/CE001175]; PHS HHS [U38/CCU324162-01-03] NR 38 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1935-7893 J9 DISASTER MED PUBLIC JI Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 SU 1 BP S25 EP S34 DI 10.1097/DMP.0b013e318182194e PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V11GX UT WOS:000207521200006 PM 18769263 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NM Kratz, GE Bates, R Scherpelz, JA Bowen, RA Komar, N AF Nemeth, Nicole M. Kratz, Gail E. Bates, Rebecca Scherpelz, Judy A. Bowen, Richard A. Komar, Nicholas TI Naturally Induced Humoral Immunity to West Nile Virus Infection in Raptors SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE antibody duration; immunity; avian; raptor; West Nile virus ID LOUIS-ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; OWLS MEGASCOPS-ASIO; ANTIBODY PREVALENCE; AMERICAN CROWS; SURVEILLANCE; PERSISTENCE; BIRDS; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; SENTINEL AB West Nile virus (WNV) infection can be fatal to many bird species, including numerous raptors, though population- and ecosystem-level impacts following introduction of the virus to North America have been difficult to document. Raptors occupy a diverse array of habitats worldwide and are important to ecosystems for their role as opportunistic predators. We documented initial (primary) WNV infection and then regularly measured WNV-specific neutralizing antibody titers in 16 resident raptors of seven species, plus one turkey vulture. Most individuals were initially infected and seroconverted between July and September of 2003, though three birds remained seronegative until summer 2006. Many of these birds became clinically ill upon primary infection, with clinical signs ranging from loss of appetite to moderate neurological disease. Naturally induced WNV neutralizing antibody titers remained essentially unchanged in some birds, while eight individuals experienced secondary rises in titer presumably due to additional exposures at 1, 2, or 3 years following primary infection. No birds experienced clinical signs surrounding or following the time of secondary exposure, and therefore antibodies were considered protective. Results of this study have implications for transmission dynamics of WNV and health of raptor populations, as well as the interpretation of serologic data from free-ranging and captive birds. Antibodies in raptors surviving WNV may persist for multiple years and protect against potential adverse effects of subsequent exposures. C1 [Nemeth, Nicole M.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA APHIS WS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Nemeth, Nicole M.; Komar, Nicholas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Nemeth, Nicole M.; Bowen, Richard A.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nemeth, Nicole M.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Kratz, Gail E.; Bates, Rebecca; Scherpelz, Judy A.] Rocky Mt Raptor Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Nemeth, NM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nnemeth@colostate.edu NR 36 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD SEP PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 298 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s10393-008-0183-z PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397XU UT WOS:000262696500009 PM 18677535 ER PT J AU Newman, AP Reisdorf, E Beinemann, J Uyeki, TM Balish, A Shu, B Lindstrom, S Achenbach, J Smith, C Davis, JP AF Newman, Alexandra P. Reisdorf, Erik Beinemann, Jeanne Uyeki, Timothy M. Balish, Amanda Shu, Bo Lindstrom, Stephen Achenbach, Jenna Smith, Catherine Davis, Jeffrey P. TI Human case of swine influenza A (H1N1) triple reassortant virus infection, Wisconsin SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; PIGS; WORKERS; CANADA AB Zoonotic infections with swine influenza A viruses are reported sporadically. Triple reassortant swine influenza viruses have been isolated from pigs in the United States since 1998. We report a human case of upper respiratory illness associated with swine influenza A (H1N1) triple reassortant virus infection that occurred during 2005 following exposure to freshly killed pigs. C1 [Newman, Alexandra P.; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Balish, Amanda; Shu, Bo; Lindstrom, Stephen; Achenbach, Jenna; Smith, Catherine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Newman, Alexandra P.; Davis, Jeffrey P.] Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [Reisdorf, Erik] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Beinemann, Jeanne] Sheboygan Cty Hlth & Human Serv, Sheboygan, WI USA. RP Newman, AP (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Room 621 Corning Tower,ESP, Albany, NY 12237 USA. EM apn01@health.state.ny.us NR 15 TC 62 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1470 EP 1472 DI 10.3201/eid1409.080305 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 345JE UT WOS:000258991700025 PM 18760023 ER PT J AU Schultz, M AF Schultz, Myron TI Rudolf Virchow SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schultz, M (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee Bldg 106,Rm 03004, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mgs1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1480 EP 1481 DI 10.3201/eid1409.080667 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 345JE UT WOS:000258991700028 ER PT J AU Sinclair, JR Newton, A Hinshaw, K Fraser, G Ross, P Chernak, E Johnson, C Warren, N AF Sinclair, Julie R. Newton, Alisa Hinshaw, Keith Fraser, George Ross, Patrina Chernak, Esther Johnson, Caroline Warren, Nancy TI Tularemia in a park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS C1 [Sinclair, Julie R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Newton, Alisa; Hinshaw, Keith] Philadelphia Zoo, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Fraser, George; Warren, Nancy] Pennsylvania Bur Labs, Lionville, PA USA. [Ross, Patrina; Chernak, Esther; Johnson, Caroline] Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Sinclair, JR (reprint author), CDC Quarantine Stn Philadelphia, POB 144, Essington, PA 19029 USA. EM bwg5@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1482 EP 1483 DI 10.3201/eid1409.071690 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 345JE UT WOS:000258991700029 PM 18760026 ER PT J AU Kenefic, LJ Pearson, T Okinaka, RT Chung, WK Max, T Van Ert, MN Marston, CK Gutierrez, K Swinford, AK Hoffmaster, AR Keim, P AF Kenefic, Leo J. Pearson, Talima Okinaka, Richard T. Chung, Wai-Kwan Max, Tamara Van Ert, Matthew N. Marston, Chung K. Gutierrez, Kathy Swinford, Amy K. Hoffmaster, Alex R. Keim, Paul TI Texas isolates closely related to Bacillus anthracis Ames SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID POLYMORPHISMS; DISCOVERY; OUTBREAK C1 [Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Okinaka, Richard T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Marston, Chung K.; Hoffmaster, Alex R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gutierrez, Kathy; Swinford, Amy K.] Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, College Stn, TX USA. [Keim, Paul] Translat Genom Res Inst, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Keim, P (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM paul.keim@nau.edu RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1494 EP 1496 DI 10.3201/eid1409.080076 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 345JE UT WOS:000258991700036 PM 18760033 ER PT J AU Blendon, RJ Koonin, LM Benson, JM Cetron, MS Pollard, WE Mitchell, EW Weldon, KJ Herrmann, MJ AF Blendon, Robert J. Koonin, Lisa M. Benson, John M. Cetron, Martin S. Pollard, William E. Mitchell, Elizabeth W. Weldon, Kathleen J. Herrmann, Melissa J. TI Popular and scientific attitudes regarding pandemic influenza - Reply SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Blendon, Robert J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Koonin, Lisa M.; Cetron, Martin S.; Pollard, William E.; Mitchell, Elizabeth W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Herrmann, Melissa J.] Int Commun Res, Media, PA USA. RP Blendon, RJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rblendon@hsph.harvard.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1502 EP 1502 DI 10.3201/eid1409.080866 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 345JE UT WOS:000258991700041 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI "How comes it, Rocinante, you're so lean?" "I'm underfed, with overwork I'm worn" SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1505 EP 1506 DI 10.3201/eid1409.000000 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 345JE UT WOS:000258991700042 PM 18760039 ER PT J AU Evans, A Gakuya, F Paweska, JT Rostal, M Akoolo, L Van Vuren, PJ Manyibe, T Macharia, JM Ksiazek, TG Feikin, DR Breiman, RF Njenga, MK AF Evans, A. Gakuya, F. Paweska, J. T. Rostal, M. Akoolo, L. Van Vuren, P. J. Manyibe, T. Macharia, J. M. Ksiazek, T. G. Feikin, D. R. Breiman, R. F. Njenga, M. Kariuki TI Prevalence of antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus in Kenyan wildlife SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID SAUDI-ARABIA; TRANSMISSION; BUNYAVIRIDAE; MOSQUITOS; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; SENEGAL; DIPTERA; AFRICA; SHEEP AB Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus associated with periodic outbreaks, mostly on the African continent, of febrile disease accompanied by abortion in livestock, and a severe, fatal haemorrhagic syndrome in humans. However, the maintenance of the virus during the inter-epidemic period (IEP) when there is low or no disease activity detected in livestock or humans has not been determined. This study report prevalence of RVFV-neutralizing antibodies in sera (n = 896) collected from 16 Kenyan wildlife species including at least 35 % that were born during the 1999-2006 IEP. Specimens from seven species had detectable neutralizing antibodies against RVFV, including African buffalo, black rhino, lesser kudu, impala, African elephant, kongoni, and waterbuck. High RVFV antibody prevalence (> 15 %) was observed in black rhinos and ruminants (kudu, impala, buffalo, and waterbuck) with the highest titres (up to 1:1280) observed mostly in buffalo, including animals born during the IEP. All lions, giraffes, plains zebras, and warthogs tested were either negative or less than two animals in each species had low (<= 1:16) titres of RVFV antibodies. Of 249 sera collected from five wildlife species during the 2006-2007 outbreak, 16 out of 19 (84%) of the ruminant (gerenuk, waterbuck, and eland) specimens had RVFV-neutralizing titres >= 1:80. These data provide evidence that wild ruminants are infected by RVFV but further studies are required to determine whether these animals play a role in the virus maintenance between outbreaks and virus amplification prior to a noticeable outbreak. C1 [Akoolo, L.; Feikin, D. R.; Breiman, R. F.; Njenga, M. Kariuki] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Rostal, M.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Gakuya, F.; Manyibe, T.] Kenya Wildlife Serv, Nairobi, Kenya. [Paweska, J. T.; Van Vuren, P. J.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Macharia, J. M.] Minist Livestock & Fisheries Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ksiazek, T. G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Njenga, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Int Emerging Infect Programme, APO, AE 09831 USA. EM Knjenga@ke.cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Special Pathogens Unit of the National Institute of Communicable Diseases, South African; Morris Animal Foundation; Judd Foundation; Dr J. Arthur Meyers Endowment for International Experience in Public Health; College of Veterinary Medicine Travel; University of Minnesota's College of Veterinary Medicine Summer Scholars programme FX We thank the many Kenya Wildlife Service staff that were involved in the collection and processing of all the wildlife specimens. We thank Heather Burke, and Evelyne Mulama at the CDC - Kenya for administrative support, and Drs Kathryn Diehl, Marguerite Pappaioanou, Srinand Sreevatsan, and Stephan Singleton from University of Minnesota for helpful advice. Funding for the project was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Special Pathogens Unit of the National Institute of Communicable Diseases, South African. Melinda Rostal was funded by the Morris Animal Foundation, the Judd Foundation, Dr J. Arthur Meyers Endowment for International Experience in Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine Travel Grant and the University of Minnesota's College of Veterinary Medicine Summer Scholars programme. NR 35 TC 55 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 9 BP 1261 EP 1269 DI 10.1017/S0950268807009806 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 350DI UT WOS:000259332400015 PM 17988425 ER PT J AU Balluz, LS Okoro, CA Mokdad, A AF Balluz, Lina S. Okoro, Catherine A. Mokdad, Ali TI ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SELECTED UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE FACTORS, BODY MASS INDEX, AND CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS AMONG INDIVIDUALS 50 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER, BY RACE/ETHNICITY SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Health Behavior; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Ethnic/racial Group ID DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; HYPERTENSION; OVERWEIGHT; BEHAVIORS; BURDEN; IMPACT; WOMEN AB Objective: To examine the association between selected unhealthy lifestyle factors, body mass index (BMI), and chronic conditions among individuals 50 years of age or older, by race/ethnicity. Design: We analyzed 2001-2004 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a state-based system of annual random-digit-dialed telephone surveys. Participants: Noninstitutionalized US adults aged 50 years or older with landline telephones. Results: Of 442,167 BRFSS respondents who met our study criteria, 81.6% were non-Hispanic (NH) White, 8.4% were NH Black, 1.6% were NH Asian, 1.0% were NH American Indian, and 7.4% were Hispanic. Within each racial/ethnic group, weight status as measured by BMI was strongly associated with all five health conditions examined and particularly with diabetes, hypertension, and doctor-diagnosed arthritis. Among NH Whites and NH Blacks, those who were overweight or obese were significantly more likely than those of normal weight to have diabetes (NH Whites: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.94 and 5.25, respectively; NH Blacks: AOR = 1.87 and 3.36, respectively). Among obese NH Asians, NH American Indians, and Hispanics, the AORs for diabetes were 3.97, 4.15, and 2.67, respectively. The AORs for hypertension among those who were overweight and obese, respectively, were 1.78 and 3.47 among NH Whites; 1.65 and 2.98 among NH Blacks, 1.91 and 7.14 among NH Asians, 2.00 and 2.65 among NH American Indians, and 1.48 and 3.20 among Hispanics. Conclusions: Our study revealed a strong association between BMI and risk for chronic health conditions among individuals 50 years of age or older in all racial/ethnic categories. It is important to use messages that are culturally appropriate when planning or conducting health promotion campaigns for selected ethnic/racial groups. In addition, careful research to document health status and healthcare needs within each major ethnic group is needed. (Ethn Dis. 2008;18: 450-457) C1 [Balluz, Lina S.; Okoro, Catherine A.; Mokdad, Ali] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Balluz, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Lib7@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 450 EP 457 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 372KF UT WOS:000260899800010 PM 19157249 ER PT J AU McGuire, LC Okoro, CA Goins, RT Anderson, LA AF McGuire, Lisa C. Okoro, Catherine A. Goins, R. Turner Anderson, Lynda A. TI CHARACTERISTICS OF AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE ADULT CAREGIVERS, BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM, 2000 SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE AI/AN; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS); Caregiving ID FAMILY CAREGIVERS; HEALTH; BURDEN; LIFE; DISABILITY AB Objectives: We compared characteristics of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adult caregivers (age :18 years) who were caring for an older adult (age >= 60 years) to those of other ethnic groups. Methods: Participants (N=20,996) were from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Caregivers provided regular care or assistance during the past month to a family member or friend who was >= 60 years of age. In addition, participants were asked to indicate whom they would call to arrange short- or long-term care in the home for elderly relatives or friends who were no longer able to care for themselves. Results: A total of 16.4% of adults were caregivers to a person who was >= 60. AI/AN were significantly more likely to report being caregivers than were people who were of Asian descent. Compared to AI/AN caregivers, Hispanic caregivers indicated that if a friend or relative needed short- or long-term care, they were more likely to provide care themselves (29.1% vs 46.6%) and that they were less likely to indicate that they would contact a professional resource (14.5% vs 25.2%). Conclusions: Family caregivers provide a valuable service in the United States, particularly to chronically ill or disabled older adults. National, state, and local surveys should regularly collect information on caregiving. (Ethn Dis. 2008;18:477-482) C1 [McGuire, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthy Aging Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Goins, R. Turner] W Virginia Univ, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Goins, R. Turner] W Virginia Univ, Ctr Aging, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Anderson, Lynda A.] Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP McGuire, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthy Aging Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LMcGuire@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 477 EP 482 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 372KF UT WOS:000260899800014 PM 19157253 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, PR Balluz, L Strine, TW AF Chowdhury, Pranesh R. Balluz, Lina Strine, Tara W. TI HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG MINORITY POPULATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, BRFSS 2001-2002 SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE BRFSS; Health Behavior; Ethnicity ID MENTAL DISTRESS STATUS; RISK BEHAVIORS; ANXIETY; ADULTS; ASSOCIATIONS; DEPRESSION; MORTALITY AB Objective: Improving quality of life is one of the goals of the Healthy People 2010 objectives. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures can be used to indicate unmet health needs and identify health disparity in population subgroups. Setting and Participants: Data were gathered from the 2001-2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a state based annual random-digit-dialed telephone survey of non-institutional adults aged >= 18 years. Methods: The 4-items Healthy Days questions and the 5-item Health Days Symptoms questions were compared among non-Hispanic Whites (White), non-Hispanic Blacks (Black), non-Hispanic Asians (Asian), non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) and Hispanics. Logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate racial/ethnic differences in HRQOL measures after adjusting for confounding factors. Results: After adjusting for confounders, Blacks were 40%, AIANs were 80%, and Hispanics were twice as likely to report fair or poor general health than Whites. Asians were less likely and AIANs were more likely to report frequent physical distress, mental distress, and activity limitations. After controlling for confounders, there were no racial or ethnic differences in the prevalence of frequent depressive symptoms; however, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians were less likely to report frequent pain, frequent anxiety symptom and frequent sleep insufficiency than Whites. Blacks, Asians, and AIANs were equally likely to report infrequent vitality as Whites. Conclusions: Mental health status has a larger impact on health in certain race/ethnic groups. More public health efforts should address the mental health needs of Blacks, Hispanics, and AIANs. (Ethn Dis. 2008;18:483-487) C1 [Chowdhury, Pranesh R.; Balluz, Lina; Strine, Tara W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chowdhury, PR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS E-65, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pchowdhury@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 483 EP 487 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 372KF UT WOS:000260899800015 PM 19157254 ER PT J AU Jones, CP Truman, BI Elam-Evans, LD Jones, CA Jones, CY Jiles, R Rumisha, SF Perry, GS AF Jones, Camara Phyllis Truman, Benedict I. Elam-Evans, Laurie D. Jones, Camille A. Jones, Clara Y. Jiles, Ruth Rumisha, Susan F. Perry, Geraldine S. TI USING "SOCIALLY ASSIGNED RACE" TO PROBE WHITE ADVANTAGES IN HEALTH STATUS SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Racism; Self-rated health ID SELF-RATED HEALTH; DISCRIMINATION; MORTALITY; RACISM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RELIABILITY; COMMUNITY; QUESTION AB Objectives: We explore the relationships between socially assigned race ("How do other people usually classify you in this country?"), self-identified race/ethnicity, and excellent or very good general health status. We then take advantage of subgroups which are discordant on self-identified race/ethnicity and socially assigned race to examine whether being classified by others as White conveys an advantage in health status, even for those who do not self-identify as White. Methods: Analyses were conducted using pooled data from the eight states that used the Reactions to Race module of the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results: The agreement of socially assigned race with self-identified race/ethnicity varied across the racial/ethnic groups currently defined by the United States government. Included among those usually classified by others as White were 26.8% of those who self-identified as Hispanic, 47.6% of those who self-identified as American Indian, and 59.5% of those who self-identified with More than one race. Among those who self-identified as Hispanic, the age-, education-, and language-adjusted proportion reporting excellent or very good health was 8.7 percentage points higher for those socially assigned as White than for those socially assigned as Hispanic (P=.04); among those who self-identified as American Indian, that proportion was 15.4 percentage points higher for those socially assigned as White than for those socially assigned as American Indian (P=.05); and among those who self-identified with More than one race, that proportion was 23.6 percentage points higher for those socially assigned as White than for those socially assigned as Black (P<.01). On the other hand, no significant differences were found between those socially assigned as White who self-identified as White and those socially assigned as White who self-identified as Hispanic, as American Indian, or with More than one race. Conclusions: Being classified by others as White is associated with large and statistically significant advantages in health status, no matter how one self-identifies. (Ethn Dis. 2008; 18:496-504) C1 [Jones, Camara Phyllis; Elam-Evans, Laurie D.; Jiles, Ruth; Perry, Geraldine S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Truman, Benedict I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Minor Hlth & Hlth Dispar, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Jones, Camille A.] Cincinnati Hlth Dept, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Jones, Clara Y.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rumisha, Susan F.] Natl Inst Med Res, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Jones, CP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cdj9@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 496 EP 504 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 372KF UT WOS:000260899800017 PM 19157256 ER PT J AU Coca, A Roberge, R Shepherd, A Powell, JB Stull, JO Williams, WJ AF Coca, Aitor Roberge, R. Shepherd, A. Powell, J. B. Stull, J. O. Williams, W. J. TI Ergonomic comparison of a chem/bio prototype firefighter ensemble and a standard ensemble SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics CY 2007 CL Piran, SLOVENIA SP Ergon Soc DE protective equipment; ergonomics; firefighters; comfort ID RESTRICTION AB Firefighter turnout gear and equipment protect the wearer against external hazards but, unfortunately, restrict mobility. The aim of this study was to determine the ease of mobility and comfort while wearing a new prototype firefighter ensemble (PE) with additional chemical/biological hazard protection compared to a standard ensemble (SE) by measuring static and dynamic range of motion (ROM), job-related tasks, and comfort. Eight healthy adults (five males, three females), aged 20-40 years, participated in this study. The study consisted of two repeated phases, separated by five uses of the ensembles. Subjects randomly donned either the SE or PE in either dry or wet conditions on separate days. In each phase, five tests were carried out as follows: baseline (non-ensemble), SE-dry, SE-wet, PE-dry, and PE-wet. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of wrist flexion for PE-dry condition compared to the same SE-dry condition. Donning the PE took 80 s longer than the SE in phase 1, this difference disappeared in phase 2. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in post-test comfort wearing the PE compared to the SE. The data collected in this study suggest that, in spite of design features to enhance chemical/biological hazard protection, the PE design does not decrease the wearer's overall functional mobility compared to the SE. However, subjects seem to be more comfortable wearing the SE compared to the PE. These overall findings support the need for a comprehensive ergonomic evaluation of protective clothing systems to ascertain human factors issues. C1 [Coca, Aitor; Roberge, R.; Shepherd, A.; Williams, W. J.] CDC, NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Powell, J. B.] EG&G, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Stull, J. O.] Int Personnel Protect Inc, Austin, TX USA. RP Coca, A (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,B29-107, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM esq6@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 104 IS 2 BP 351 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s00421-007-0644-z PG 9 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 339WZ UT WOS:000258609300028 PM 18075754 ER PT J AU Yu, W Wulf, A Yesupriya, A Clyne, M Khoury, MJ Gwinn, M AF Yu, Wei Wulf, Anja Yesupriya, Ajay Clyne, Melinda Khoury, Muin Joseph Gwinn, Marta TI HuGE Watch: tracking trends and patterns of published studies of genetic association and human genome epidemiology in near-real time SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE genetic association; human genome epidemiology; trend ID INVESTIGATOR NETWORKS AB HuGE Watch is a web-based application for tracking the evolution of published studies on genetic association and human genome epidemiology in near-real time. The application allows users to display temporal trends and spatial distributions as line charts and google maps, providing a quick overview of progress in the field. http://www.hugenavigator.net/HuGENavigator/startPageWatch.do. C1 [Yu, Wei; Wulf, Anja; Yesupriya, Ajay; Clyne, Melinda; Khoury, Muin Joseph; Gwinn, Marta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MSK-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wby0@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1018-4813 J9 EUR J HUM GENET JI Eur. J. Hum. Genet. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1155 EP 1158 DI 10.1038/ejhg.2008.95 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 344LX UT WOS:000258929800019 PM 18478035 ER PT J AU Breiman, RF Njenga, MK Cleaveland, S Sharif, SK Mbabu, M King, L AF Breiman, Robert F. Njenga, M. Kariuki Cleaveland, Sarah Sharif, S. K. Mbabu, Murithi King, Lonnie TI Lessons from the 2006-2007 Rift Valley fever outbreak in East Africa: implications for prevention of emerging infectious diseases SO FUTURE VIROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID KENYA; VIRUS; ADULTS C1 [Breiman, Robert F.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Global Dis Detect Div, Nairobi, Kenya. [Breiman, Robert F.; Njenga, M. Kariuki] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Cleaveland, Sarah] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Med, Wildlife & Emerging Dis Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Sharif, S. K.] Kenya Minist Publ Hlth & Sanitat, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mbabu, Murithi] Kenya Minist Livestock Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. [King, Lonnie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonoses Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Breiman, RF (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Global Dis Detect Div, Nairobi, Kenya. EM rbreiman@ke.cdc.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1746-0794 J9 FUTURE VIROL JI Future Virol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 3 IS 5 BP 411 EP 417 DI 10.2217/17460794.3.5.411 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 349KT UT WOS:000259280400001 ER PT J AU Gardner, LI Metsch, L Strathdee, SA del Rio, C Mahoney, P Holmberg, SD AF Gardner, Lytt I. Metsch, Lisa Strathdee, Steffanie A. del Rio, Carlos Mahoney, Pamela Holmberg, Scott D. CA ARTAS Study Grp TI Frequency of discussing HIV prevention and care topics with patients with HIV: Influence of physician gender, race/ethnicity, and practice characteristics SO GENDER MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; gender differences; HIV physicians; HIV providers ID OF-LIFE CARE; COUNSELING PRACTICES; SAN-FRANCISCO; COMMUNICATION; SEX; INTERVENTION; SETTINGS; DELIVERY; BEHAVIOR; DISEASE AB Background: Because people living with HIV now have greater life expectancy and reduced morbidity, there is a greater need for physicians to discuss HIV transmission risk reduction with these patients. Very limited data are available examining how frequently this discussion is held. Objective: We examined the frequency of discussing HIV prevention and HIV care topics, as well as the associations of gender, race/ethnicity, and practice characteristics of physicians caring for persons with HIV. Methods: In a 4-city (Miami, Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles) Survey, 417 licensed physicians who primarily cared for patients with HIV were mailed a 58-item questionnaire about how frequently the), discussed HIV transmission risk reduction, adherence to HIV antiretroviral treatment (ART), adherence to opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis, and how to take medicines. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between physician gender, race/ethnicity, and practice characteristics, and the frequency of discussing these topics. Results: A total of 317 physicians responded to the mailed questionnaire. Less than 40% of the physicians reported always discussing HIV transmission risk reduction with patients. In contrast, 83.9% and 65.0% reported always discussing adherence to ART and to OI prophylaxis, respectively. Of these physicians, 65.1% strongly agreed or somewhat agreed that they had sufficient time to provide the care and information needed to their patients. In multivariate analysis, the frequency of discussing HIV transmission risk reduction was higher for physicians who were Hispanic (P = 0.03) or Asian/Pacific Islander (P = 0.001), for physicians who reported they had enough time to provide care and information to patients (P = 0.003), and for physicians who cared for fewer patients (P = 0.05). The frequency of discussing HIV transmission risk reduction was suggestive of a higher rate for female physicians, but did not quite reach statistical significance. Conclusions: We observed a lower frequency of discussing the topic of HIV prevention compared with that of HIV care among the physicians surveyed. This infrequent discussion with patients with HIV represents a missed opportunity, and physicians should be encouraged to include discussion of prevention as a standard of care. C1 [Gardner, Lytt I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Metsch, Lisa] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Strathdee, Steffanie A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [del Rio, Carlos] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mahoney, Pamela] Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Holmberg, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gardner, LI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Epi Branch, MS E-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lig0@cdc.gov RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009; del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 5 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206 STE 3, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 1550-8579 J9 GENDER MED JI Gend. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 259 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.genm.2008.08.002 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 342VS UT WOS:000258812300008 PM 18727992 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Wordsworth, S Payne, K AF Grosse, Scott D. Wordsworth, Sarah Payne, Katherine TI Economic methods for valuing the outcomes of genetic testing: beyond cost-effectiveness analysis SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ESRC Seminar on the Economics of Genetic Testing CY NOV, 2006 CL Univ Oxford, Oxford, ENGLAND SP ESRC HO Univ Oxford DE cost-effectiveness; economic evaluation; genetics; value of information ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; DISCRETE-CHOICE EXPERIMENT; HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS; CONJOINT-ANALYSIS; PATIENT PREFERENCES; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; CONTINGENT VALUATION; DECISION-MAKING; WOMENS PREFERENCES; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS AB Genetic testing in health care can provide information to help with disease prediction, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Assessing the clinical utility of genetic testing requires a process to value and weight different outcomes. This article discusses the relative merits of different economic measures and methods to inform recommendations relative to genetic testing for risk of disease, including cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-benefit analysis. Cost-effectiveness analyses refer to analyses that calculate the incremental cost per unit of health outcomes, such as deaths prevented or life-years saved because of some intervention. Cost-effectiveness analyses that use preference-based measures of health state utility such as quality-adjusted life-years to define outcomes are referred to as cost-utility analyses. Cost-effectiveness analyses presume that health policy decision makers seek to maximize health subject to resource constraints. Cost-benefit analyses can incorporate monetary estimates of willingness-to-pay for genetic testing, including the perceived value of information independent of health outcomes. These estimates can be derived from contingent valuation or discrete choice experiments. Because important outcomes of genetic testing do not fit easily within traditional measures of health, cost-effectiveness analyses do not necessarily capture the full range of outcomes of genetic testing that are important to decision makers and consumers. We recommend that health policy decision makers consider the value to consumers of information and other nonhealth attributes of genetic testing strategies. C1 [Wordsworth, Sarah] Univ Oxford, Hlth Econ Res Ctr, Oxford, England. [Grosse, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Payne, Katherine] Univ Manchester, Hlth Econ Hlth Methodol Res Grp, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Payne, Katherine] Nowgen Ctr Genet Healthcare, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SGG4@CDC.GOV OI Payne, Katherine/0000-0002-3938-4350 NR 82 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 10 IS 9 BP 648 EP 654 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181837217 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 353VN UT WOS:000259596800002 PM 18978674 ER PT J AU Shehab, N Anastario, MP Lawry, L AF Shehab, Nadine Anastario, Michael P. Lawry, Lynn TI Access To Care Among Displaced Mississippi Residents InFEMA Travel Trailer Parks Two Years After Katrina SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE-KATRINA; MENTAL-HEALTH; DISEASE; POLICY; NEEDS AB The health care needs of Gulf Coast residents displaced by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 who remain in travel trailer parks nearly three years later have not been evaluated. We conducted a population-based assessment of the health care access of residents of these travel trailer parks in Mississippi. Our findings indicate a worsening of chronic disease, mental illness, and barriers to health care access since displacement. Meeting both the chronic disease and the mental health needs of people displaced by the hurricanes of 2005 is essential for ensuring their full recovery and that of the region. [Health Affairs 27, no. 5 (2008): w416-w429 (published online 29 August 2008; 10.1377/hlthaff.27.5.w416)] C1 [Shehab, Nadine] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Shehab, Nadine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Anastario, Michael P.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Disaster & Humanitarian Assistance Med, Int Programs, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lawry, Lynn] Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Int Hlth Div, Falls Church, VA USA. [Lawry, Lynn] Harvard Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Womens Hlth, Initiat Global Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Shehab, N (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM lynn.lawry.ctr@uma.osd.mil FU Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine (CDHAM); Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences FX Grant support was provided by core funding through the Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine (CDHAM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. The CDHAM core funding apparatus had no role in designing and conducting the study; collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors are especially grateful to the Gulf Coast residents who participated in this study. They thank Danielle Rosenau, Brian Rice, David Lanier, Aeriel Lawry Jordan Berg, and Lynn Black, who assisted in data collection; Eleanor Benko, who assisted in both data collection and entry; Theresa (Tessie) Smith, director, Division of Policy and Planning, Mississippi Department of Mental Health, for her assistance with field contacts; and Art Sharpe, director; Office of Emergency Planning and Response, Mississippi Department of Health, for his assistance in arranging access to FEMAgroup trailer parks in Mississippi. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP W416 EP W429 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.27.5.w416 PG 14 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 357QR UT WOS:000259861700056 PM 18757460 ER PT J AU Kuhlmann, AKS Kraft, JM Galavotti, C Creek, TL Mooki, M Ntumy, R AF Kuhlmann, Anne K. Sebert Kraft, Joan Marie Galavotti, Christine Creek, Tracy L. Mooki, Maungo Ntumy, Raphael TI Radio role models for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and HIV testing among pregnant women in Botswana SO HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; entertainment education; Botswana ID ENTERTAINMENT-EDUCATION; PARASOCIAL INTERACTION; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNICATION; STRATEGIES; TANZANIA; BEHAVIOR AB Although Botswana supports a program for the prevention of mother-to-child-transmission of HIV (PMTCT), many women initially did not take advantage of the program. Using data from a 2003 survey of 504 pregnant and post-partum women, we assessed associations between exposure to a long-running radio serial drama that encourages use of the PMTCT program and HIV testing during pregnancy. Controlling for demographic, pregnancy and other variables, women who spontaneously named a PMTCT character in the serial drama as their favorite character were nearly twice as likely to test for HIV during pregnancy as those who did not. Additionally, multiparity, knowing a pregnant woman taking AZT, having a partner who tested, higher education and PMTCT knowledge were associated with HIV testing during pregnancy. Identification with characters in the radio serial drama is associated with testing during pregnancy. Coupled with other supporting elements, serial dramas could contribute to HIV prevention, treatment and care initiatives. C1 [Kuhlmann, Anne K. Sebert] Axiom Resource Management, Independent consultant, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. [Kraft, Joan Marie; Galavotti, Christine; Creek, Tracy L.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kuhlmann, AKS (reprint author), Axiom Resource Management, Independent consultant, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EM zmt8@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0957-4824 J9 HEALTH PROMOT INT JI Health Promot. Int. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 260 EP 268 DI 10.1093/heapro/dan011 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 343OH UT WOS:000258862900007 ER PT J AU Kato, T Choi, Y Elmowalid, G Sapp, RK Barth, H Furusaka, A Mishiro, S Wakita, T Krawczynski, K Liang, TJ AF Kato, Takanobu Choi, Youkyung Elmowalid, Gamal Sapp, Ronda K. Barth, Heidi Furusaka, Akihiro Mishiro, Shunji Wakita, Takaji Krawczynski, Krzysztof Liang, T. Jake TI Hepatitis C virus JFH-1 strain infection in chimpanzees is associated with low pathogenicity and emergence of an adaptive mutation SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID B VIRAL-HEPATITIS; FULMINANT NON-A; CELL-CULTURE; MOLECULAR CLONE; EFFICIENT REPLICATION; HUH-7 CELLS; IN-VIVO; RNA; PARTICLES; NS2 AB The identification of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) strain JFH-1 enabled the successful development of infectious cell culture systems. Although this strain replicates efficiently and produces infectious virus in cell culture, the replication capacity and pathogenesis in vivo are still undefined. To assess the in vivo phenotype of the JFH-1 virus, cell culture-generated JFH-1 virus (JFH-1cc) and patient serum from which JFH-1 was isolated were inoculated into chimpanzees. Both animals became HCV RNA-positive 3 days after inoculation but showed low-level viremia and no evidence of hepatitis. HCV viremia persisted 8 and 34 weeks in JFH-1cc and patient serum-infected chimpanzees, respectively. Immunological analysis revealed that HCV-specific immune responses were similarly induced in both animals. Sequencing of HCV at various times of infection indicated more substitutions in the patient serum-inoculated chimpanzee, and the higher level of sequence variations seemed to be associated with a prolonged infection in this animal. A common mutation G838R in the NS2 region emerged early in both chimpanzees. This mutation enhances viral assembly, leading to an increase in viral production in transfected or infected cells. Conclusion: Our study shows that the HCV JFH-1 strain causes attenuated infection and low pathogenicity in chimpanzees and is capable of adapting in vivo with a unique mutation conferring an enhanced replicative phenotype. C1 [Kato, Takanobu; Elmowalid, Gamal; Sapp, Ronda K.; Barth, Heidi; Liang, T. Jake] NIDDKD, Liver Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kato, Takanobu; Mishiro, Shunji] Toshiba Gen Hosp, Dept Med Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Kato, Takanobu; Wakita, Takaji] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 2, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. [Choi, Youkyung; Krawczynski, Krzysztof] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Furusaka, Akihiro] Jikei Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Tokyo, Japan. RP Liang, TJ (reprint author), NIDDKD, Liver Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM JakeL@bdgl0.niddk.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 DK054504-11] NR 46 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD SEP PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 732 EP 740 DI 10.1002/hep.22422 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 344QJ UT WOS:000258942100006 PM 18712792 ER PT J AU Amarante, JMB Toscano, CM Pearson, ML Roth, V Jarvis, WR Levin, AS AF Buchdid Amarante, Jorge M. Toscano, Cristiana M. Pearson, Michele L. Roth, Virginia Jarvis, William R. Levin, Anna S. TI Reprocessing and reuse of single-use medical devices used during hemodynamic procedures in Brazil: A widespread and largely overlooked problem SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATHETERS; HOSPITALS AB Background. Several medical devices used during hemodynamic procedures, particularly angiographic diagnostic and therapeutic cardiac catheters, are manufactured for single use only. However, reprocessing and reuse of these devices has been reported, to determine the frequency of reuse and reprocessing of single-use medical devices used during hemodynamic procedures in Brazil and to evaluate how reprocessing is performed. Design. National survey, conducted from December 1999 to July 2001. Methods. Most of the institutions affiliated with the Brazilian Society of Hemodynamic and Interventional Cardiology were surveyed by use of a questionnaire sent in the mail. Results. The questionnaire response rate was 50% (119 of 240 institutions). Of the 119 institutions that responded, 116 (97%) reported reuse of single-use devices used during hemodynamic procedures, and only 26 (22%) reported use of a standardized reprocessing protocol. Cleaning, flushing, rinsing, drying, sterilizing and packaging methods varied greatly and were mostly inadequate. Criteria for discarding reused devices varied widely. Of the 119 institutions that responded, 80 (67%) reported having a surveillance system for adverse events associated with the reuse of medical devices, although most of these institutions did not routinely review the data, and only 38 (32%) described a training program for the personnel who reprocessed single-use devices. Conclusions. The reuse of single-use devices used during hemodynamic procedures was very frequent in hospitals in Brazil. Basic guidance on how to reuse and reprocess single-use medical devices is urgently needed, because, despite the lack of studies to support reusing and reprocessing single-use medical devices, such devices are necessary in limited-resource areas in which these practices are current. C1 [Buchdid Amarante, Jorge M.] Hosp Samaritano Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Levin, Anna S.] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Toscano, Cristiana M.; Pearson, Michele L.; Roth, Virginia; Jarvis, William R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Levin, AS (reprint author), Rua Banibas 618, BR-05460010 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM gcih@hcnet.usp.br RI Levin, Anna/C-8831-2012 OI Levin, Anna/0000-0003-2427-8368 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 29 IS 9 BP 854 EP 858 DI 10.1086/590357 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 348MG UT WOS:000259214000010 PM 18647118 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Fayer, R AF Xiao, Lihua Fayer, Ronald TI Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Giardia; Cryptosporidium; zoonoses; epidemiology; molecular; genotyping; Subtyping ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; WEANED DAIRY CALVES; CELL-FREE CULTURE; SPORADIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; DUODENALIS ASSEMBLAGE AB The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 [Fayer, Ronald] Agr Res Serv, USA Dept Agr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USA Dept Agr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov; ronald.fayer@usda.ars.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 227 TC 240 Z9 282 U1 7 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1239 EP 1255 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.03.006 PG 17 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 345TU UT WOS:000259020700004 PM 18479685 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Jones, JL AF Dubey, J. P. Jones, J. L. TI Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Toxoplasma gondii; humans; animals; oocysts; tissue cysts; USA ID OTTERS ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HUMAN CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INDUCED MURINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; CHICKENS GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; SKUNK MEPHITIS-MEPHITIS AB This paper reviews clinical and asymptomatic Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and other animals in the USA. Seroprevalence of T gondii in humans and pigs is declining. Modes of transmission, epidemiology and environmental contamination with oocysts on land and sea are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jones, J. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 290 TC 345 Z9 372 U1 11 U2 100 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1257 EP 1278 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.03.007 PG 22 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 345TU UT WOS:000259020700005 PM 18508057 ER PT J AU Toffolon-Weiss, M Hagan, K Leston, J Peterson, L Provost, E Hennessy, T AF Toffolon-Weiss, Melissa Hagan, Kyla Leston, Jessica Peterson, Lynn Provost, Ellen Hennessy, Tom TI ALASKA NATIVE PARENTAL ATTITUDES ON CERVICAL CANCER, HPV AND THE HPV VACCINE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH LA English DT Article DE human papillomavirus; vaccines; acceptance; cervical cancer; Alaska Native; parents ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE; ACCEPTANCE; ACCEPTABILITY; DAUGHTERS; KNOWLEDGE; MOTHERS AB Objectives. To describe Alaska Native parents' knowledge of and attitudes towards cervical cancer, the human papillomavirus (HPV) and the HPV vaccine. Study Design. This was a qualitative study composed of 11 focus groups (n=80) that were held in 1 small village, 2 towns and 1 large urban centre in Alaska. Methods. A convenience sample of Alaska Native parents/guardians was recruited in each community to participate in focus groups and to fill out a quantitative survey. Results. While many parents had heard about HPV, most were unaware of its link with cervical cancer. The majority wanted to vaccinate their daughters because they had health and safety concerns, believed that vaccines work; had personal experiences with cancer; or believed that their daughters were susceptible to HPV. Reasons for refusal included general concerns about vaccines; a need for more information; a fear of side effects; wanting more vaccine research; and a fear of being in an experimental trial. Conclusions. The majority of parents were interested in having their daughters vaccinated. Acceptance of the vaccine was primarily based on a parent's desire to protect her/his child from cancer; while reasons for refusal revolved around trust issues and fear of unknown negative consequences of the vaccine. (Int J Circumpolar Health 2008; 67(4):363-373). C1 [Toffolon-Weiss, Melissa; Hagan, Kyla; Peterson, Lynn; Provost, Ellen] Alaska Native Epidemiol Ctr, Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Leston, Jessica] Off Alaska Native Hlth Res, Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hennessy, Tom] Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Toffolon-Weiss, M (reprint author), Alaska Native Epidemiol Ctr, Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, 4000 Ambassador Dr,C-DHS, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mmtoffolonweiss@anmc.org FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Arctic Investigations Program; Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium FX Primary funding for this project was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Arctic Investigations Program. Secondary funding was provided by the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH PUBL PI OULU PA AAPISTIE1, OULU, FIN-90220, FINLAND SN 1239-9736 J9 INT J CIRCUMPOL HEAL JI Int. J. Circumpolar Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 67 IS 4 BP 363 EP 373 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362KB UT WOS:000260195500007 PM 19024805 ER PT J AU Kallen, A AF Kallen, A. TI The changing epidemiology of C. difficile infections: the US experience SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Deutschen-Gesellschaft-fur-Hygiene-und-Mikrobiologie CY SEP 21-24, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP Deutsch Gesell Hygiene & Mikrobiol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4221 J9 INT J MED MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Med. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 298 SU 45 BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Microbiology; Virology SC Microbiology; Virology GA 353SV UT WOS:000259589400434 ER PT J AU McCarthy, KD Metchock, B Kanphukiew, A Monkongdee, R Sinthuwattanawibool, C Tasaneeyapan, T Rienthong, S Ngamlert, K Srisuwanvilai, LO Varma, JK AF McCarthy, K. D. Metchock, B. Kanphukiew, A. Monkongdee, R. Sinthuwattanawibool, C. Tasaneeyapan, T. Rienthong, S. Ngamlert, K. Srisuwanvilai, L-O. Varma, J. K. TI Monitoring the performance of mycobacteriology laboratories: a proposal for standardized indicators SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; mycobacteria; culture; laboratories; Thailand; diagnosis; drug susceptibility testing ID TUBERCULOSIS; SMEARS AB SETTING: Thailand Tuberculosis (TB) Active Surveilance Network: Bangkok, Chiang Rai, Phuket, Tak and Ubon-Ratchathani, Thailand. BACKGROUND: Mycobacteriology laboratories in resource-limited, high TB burden settings are expanding to perform conventional solid media culture and broth-based mycobacteriology culture. Indicators that measure how well a laboratory performs sputum microscopy have been developed and broadly implemented. Routine monitoring of sputum culture performance, however, is not as common. DESIGN: We implemented indicators for monitoring the quality of laboratory services in five province-level mycobacteriology culture facilities in Thailand. These indicators were derived from literature review, consultation with subject matter experts and our program experience. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that an international consensus document providing monitoring guidelines for mycobacteriology laboratories is urgently needed. C1 [McCarthy, K. D.; Metchock, B.; Varma, J. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kanphukiew, A.; Monkongdee, R.; Sinthuwattanawibool, C.; Tasaneeyapan, T.; Varma, J. K.] US CDC Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Rienthong, S.] Supranat TB Reference Lab, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Ngamlert, K.; Srisuwanvilai, L-O.] Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. RP McCarthy, KD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-F-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kmccarthy3@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1015 EP 1020 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 343MI UT WOS:000258857500007 PM 18713498 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CD Stout, JE Goodman, PC Mosher, A Menzies, R Schluger, NW Khan, A Johnson, JL Vernon, AN AF Hamilton, C. D. Stout, J. E. Goodman, P. C. Mosher, A. Menzies, R. Schluger, N. W. Khan, A. Johnson, J. L. Vernon, A. N. CA TB Trials Consortium TI The value of end-of-treatment chest radiograph in predicting pulmonary tuberculosis relapse SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; relapse; chest radiograph ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AFRICAN GOLD MINERS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; RISK-FACTORS; HIV; RIFAPENTINE; INFECTION; IMPACT AB SETTING: Patients with cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) on baseline chest radiograph (CXR) who remain culture-positive after 8 weeks of treatment are at high risk of relapse. The role of end-of-treatment (EOT) CXR in predicting relapse is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether EOT CXR independently predicts TB relapse. DESIGN: We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of intermittent treatment using rifapentine in the continuation phase of TB treatment among 1004 human immunodeficiency virus seronegative adults with culture-proven pulmonary TB. RESULTS: Relapse occurred in 17.3% of subjects with persistent cavity on EOT CXR, in 7.6% of subjects with a cavity that resolved by EOT, and 2.5% (P = 0.002 for trend) of subjects who never had a cavity. In multivariable analysis, patients with persistent cavity on EOT CXR were significantly more likely to relapse than patients with no cavity on baseline or 2-month CXR (hazard ratio [HR] 4.22, 95%CI 2.00-8.91), and were more likely to relapse than subjects whose early cavity had resolved by EOT CXR (HR 1.92, 95%CI 1.09-3.39). CONCLUSION: A persistent cavity after 6 months of TB treatment was independently associated with disease relapse after controlling for other variables. EOT CXR may help predict those likely to relapse. C1 [Hamilton, C. D.; Stout, J. E.; Mosher, A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Hamilton, C. D.; Stout, J. E.; Mosher, A.] Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Goodman, P. C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Chest Radiog, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Menzies, R.] McGill Univ, Montreal Chest Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Schluger, N. W.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Khan, A.; Vernon, A. N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Johnson, J. L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Div Infect Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Hamilton, CD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Box 3306, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM dukes002@mc.duke.edu OI Stout, Jason/0000-0002-6698-8176 FU NIAID [K24-A1001833]; NIH/NIAID [A151409] FX The US Public Health Service/TBTC Study 22 was sponsored by the US CDC and was funded in part through a Memorandum Of Understanding between the CDC and the Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Hoechst Marion Roussel, the manufacturer of RFP, provided RFP and contributed to the cost of three investigator meetings, but did not participate in original or secondary analysis study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report. CDFH was supported by NIAID grant K24-A1001833, JES was supported by NIH/NIAID grant A151409. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1059 EP 1064 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 343MI UT WOS:000258857500014 PM 18713505 ER PT J AU Huang, LL Coleman, HR Kim, J de Monasterio, F Wong, WT Schleicher, RL Ferris, FL Chew, EY AF Huang, Lynn L. Coleman, Hanna R. Kim, Jonghyeon de Monasterio, Francisco Wong, Wai T. Schleicher, Rosemary L. Ferris, Frederick L., III Chew, Emily Y. TI Oral supplementation of lutein/zeaxanthin and omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in persons aged 60 years or older, with or without AMD SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MACULAR DEGENERATION; VITAMIN-E; LUTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION; ALPHA-CAROTENE; BETA-CAROTENE; UNITED-STATES; BIOAVAILABILITY; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; HEALTH AB PURPOSE. Increased dietary intake of lutein/zeaxanthin and omega-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LCPUFA) was found to be associated with reduced risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of oral supplementation of omega-3 LCPUFA on changes in serum levels of lutein/zeaxanthin during supplementation in persons 60 years of age and older, with or without AMD. METHODS. Forty participants with AMD of various degrees of severity received lutein (10 mg) and zeaxanthin (2 mg) daily and were equally randomized to receive omega-3 LCPUFA (350 mg docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] and 650 mg eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]) or placebo for 6 months. Serum levels of lutein, zeaxanthin, and omega-3 LCPUFAs and macular pigment optical densities were measured at baseline, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 9 months. RESULTS. By month 6, the median serum levels of lutein/zeaxanthin increased by two- to threefold compared with baseline. Increases in serum levels of lutein/zeaxanthin did not differ by omega-3 LCPUFA treatment (P > 0.5). After 1 month, in the omega-3 LCPUFA-treated group, the median levels of DHA and EPA increased and the placebo group had no changes. At month 6, participants with AMD had a lower increase in serum lutein concentration than did those without AMD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS. The addition of omega-3 LCPUFA to oral supplementation of lutein/zeaxanthin did not change the serum levels of lutein and zeaxanthin. A long-term large clinical trial is necessary to investigate the benefits and adverse effects of these factors for the treatment of AMD. C1 [Chew, Emily Y.] NEI, CRC, NIH, Div Epidemiol & Clin Res,Clin Trials Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [de Monasterio, Francisco] NEI, NIH, Off Clin Director, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kim, Jonghyeon] EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Schleicher, Rosemary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chew, EY (reprint author), NEI, CRC, NIH, Div Epidemiol & Clin Res,Clin Trials Branch, Bldg 10,Room 3-2531,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1204, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM echew@nei.nih.gov RI Sanguansri, Luz/B-6630-2011; Wong, Wai/B-6118-2017 OI Sanguansri, Luz/0000-0003-1908-7604; Wong, Wai/0000-0003-0681-4016 FU National Eye Institute; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Group, Bethesda; NIH; Pfizer; National Institutes of Health FX Supported by the intramural funds of the National Eye Institute; and a grant to the Foundation for the NIH from Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Group, Bethesda, MD (LLH), with a public-private partnership supported jointly by the NIH and Pfizer. LLH is a Clinical Research Training Program Scholar at the National Institutes of Health. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 8 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 49 IS 9 BP 3864 EP 3869 DI 10.1167/iovs.07-1420 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 344AB UT WOS:000258896500017 PM 18450596 ER PT J AU Dunne, EF Whitehead, S Sternberg, M Thepamnuay, S Leelawiwat, W McNicholl, JM Sumanapun, S Tappero, JW Siriprapasiri, T Markowitz, L AF Dunne, Eileen F. Whitehead, Sara Sternberg, Maya Thepamnuay, Sukhon Leelawiwat, Wanna McNicholl, Janet M. Sumanapun, Surin Tappero, Jordan W. Siriprapasiri, Taweesap Markowitz, Lauri TI Suppressive acyclovir therapy reduces HIV cervicovaginal shedding in HIV- and HSV-2-infected women, Chiang Rai, Thailand SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY FEB 25-28, 2007 CL Los Angeles, CA DE HIV-1; HSV-2; suppressive acyclovir; HIV transmission ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; TYPE-1 INFECTION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; MEN; RNA; ACQUISITION AB Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection is important is the HIV epidemic and may contribute to increased HIV transmission. We evaluated the effect Of Suppressive acyclovir therapy oil cervicovaginal HIV-1 shedding. Methods: HIV-1- and herpes simplex virus type 2-coinfected women aged 18-49 years with CD4 counts >200 cells/mu L were enrolled in a randomized crossover trial Of Suppressive acyclovir therapy (NCT00362596, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov). For each woman, monthly plasma and weekly cervicovaginal lavage specimens were collected; the mean of the monthly median cervicovaginal lavage HIV I viral load and plasma HIV-1 viral load was compared. Results: Sixty-seven women were enrolled; at baseline, median CD4 count was 366 cells/mu L, and median HIV-1 plasma viral load was 4.6 log(10) copies/mL. The mean cervicovaginal lavage HIV-1 viral load was 1.9 (SD 0.8) log(10) copies/mL during the acyclovir month and 2.2 (SD 0.7) log(10) copies/mL during the placebo month (P < 0.0001); the mean decrease in HIV was 0.3 log(10) copies/mL. The mean plasma HIV viral load during the acyclovir month (3.78 log(10) copies/mL) was reduced compared with the placebo month (4.26 log(10) copies/mL. P < 0.001). Conclusions: Acyclovir reduced HIV genital shedding and plasma viral load among HIV-1- and herpes simplex virus type 2-coinfected women. Further data from clinical trials will examine the effect of suppressive therapy on HIV transmission. C1 [Dunne, Eileen F.; Whitehead, Sara; Sternberg, Maya; McNicholl, Janet M.; Tappero, Jordan W.; Markowitz, Lauri] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis & STD Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dunne, EF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis & STD Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dde9@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP PY 2008 VL 49 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181831832 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 343IW UT WOS:000258847800012 PM 18667923 ER PT J AU Espinoza, L Hall, HI Selik, RM Hu, XH AF Espinoza, Lorena Hall, H. Irene Selik, Richard M. Hu, Xiaohong TI Characteristics of HIV infection among Hispanics, United States 2003-2006 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; Hispanic; place of birth ID NEW-YORK-CITY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; RICAN DRUG-USERS; RISK BEHAVIORS; AIDS EPIDEMIC; FOREIGN-BORN; PUERTO-RICO; MEDICAL-CARE; TRENDS AB Background: Hispanic subgroups of varied national origin differ Culturally; overall, Hispanics in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV infection. Methods: We analyzed cases of HIV infection that were diagnosed among Hispanics in 33 states and US-dependent areas during 20032006 and reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through June 2007. We used Poisson regression to calculate the estimated annual percent change in the number and rate of HIV diagnoses and used logistic regression to analyze the association between birthplace and a short (< 12 months) HIV-to-AIDS interval. Results: HIV infection was diagnosed among 30,415 Hispanics. Of 24,313 with reported birthplace, 61% were born Outside the continental United States. The annual number of diagnoses increased among Mexican-born males [estimated annual percent change = 8.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.5 to 14.5] and Central American-born males (18.6%; 95% CI = 9.4 to 28.6) and females (24.6%; 95% CI = 8.8 to 42.7) but decreased among US-born Hispanic females (-8.2%; 95% CI = -13.3 to -2.8). A short HIV-to-AIDS interval was more common among Mexican-born Hispanics than among US-born Hispanics. Discussion: Diagnosis trends and HIV-to-AIDS intervals varied by place of birth. To decrease the incidence of HIV infection among Hispanics, prevention programs need to address Cultural differences. C1 [Espinoza, Lorena; Hall, H. Irene; Selik, Richard M.; Hu, Xiaohong] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Espinoza, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lespinoza@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP PY 2008 VL 49 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181820129 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 343IW UT WOS:000258847800014 PM 18667927 ER PT J AU Stein, DA Huang, CYH Silengo, S Amantana, A Crumley, S Blouch, RE Iversen, PL Kinney, RM AF Stein, David A. Huang, Claire Y. -H. Silengo, Shawn Amantana, Adams Crumley, Stacy Blouch, Robert E. Iversen, Patrick L. Kinney, Richard M. TI Treatment of AG129 mice with antisense morpholino oligomers increases survival time following challenge with dengue 2 virus SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE flavivirus; antiviral; PMO; PPMO; antisense; dengue virus; morpholino oligomers ID DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; RNA REPLICATION; VIRUS-VACCINE; STRAIN 16681; VIRAL LOAD; INHIBITION; MODEL; VIREMIA; PDK-53 AB Objectives: To determine the antiviral activity of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) and peptide-conjugated PMO (PPMO) in AG129 mice infected with dengue 2 virus (DENV-2). Methods: Antisense PMO and PPMO were designed against the 5' terminal region (5'SL) or the 3'-cyclization sequence region (3'CS) of DENV genomic RNA and administered to AG129 mice before and/or after infection with DENV-2. In addition, cell culture evaluations designed to determine optimum PPMO length, and pharmacokinetic and toxicity analysis of PPMO were also carried out. Results: Mock-treated AG129 mice lived for 9-17 days following intraperitoneal (ip) infection with 10(4)-10(6) pfu of DENV-2 (strain New Guinea C). Intraperitoneal administration of 5'SL or 3'CS PPMO before and after DENV infection produced an increase in the average survival time of up to 8 days. Animals receiving only post-infection PPMO treatment did not benefit significantly. Cell culture studies showed that PPMO of 22-24 bases long produced substantially higher DENV titre reductions than did PPMO that were either shorter or longer. Pharmacokinetic and toxicology analysis with non-infected animals showed that nine consecutive once-daily ip treatments of 10 mg/kg PPMO resulted in high concentrations of PPMO in the liver and caused little impact on overall health. Conclusions: The data indicate that PPMO had considerable antiviral efficacy against DENV-2 in the AG129 mouse model and that PPMO treatment early in the course of an infection was critical to extending the survival times of DENV-2-infected mice in the AG129 model system. C1 [Stein, David A.; Amantana, Adams; Crumley, Stacy; Blouch, Robert E.; Iversen, Patrick L.] AVI BioPharm Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Huang, Claire Y. -H.; Silengo, Shawn; Kinney, Richard M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Stein, DA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dave.stein@comcast.net NR 44 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 62 IS 3 BP 555 EP 565 DI 10.1093/jac/dkn221 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 337ZD UT WOS:000258473200023 PM 18567576 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC McAllister, S Fosheim, G McDougal, LK Carey, RB Limbago, B Lonsway, D Patel, JB Kuehnert, MJ Gorwitz, R AF Tenover, Fred C. McAllister, Sigrid Fosheim, Gregory McDougal, Linda K. Carey, Roberta B. Limbago, Brandi Lonsway, David Patel, Jean B. Kuehnert, Matthew J. Gorwitz, Rachel TI Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from nasal cultures collected from individuals in the United States in 2001 to 2004 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; COLONIZATION; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; CARRIAGE AB This study characterizes methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates recovered from nasal cultures of noninstitutionalized individuals in the United States obtained in 2001 to 2004 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Every tenth MSSA isolate and all MRSA isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), screened for multiple toxin genes, and tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents. USA200, USA600, and USA900 were the predominant PFGE types among MSSA isolates in both the 2001 to 2002 and the 2003 to 2004 time periods, although they accounted for only 51.3% of 316 MSSA isolates typed in 2001 and 2002 and only 43.4% of 237 MSSA isolates typed in 2003 and 2004. In contrast, USA100, USA800, and USA700 accounted for 80.0% of the 75 MRSA isolates typed in 2001 and 2002, while USA100, USA800, and USA300 accounted for 78.4% of 134 MRSA isolates typed in 2003 and 2004. The proportion of MRSA isolates that were USA300 increased significantly from the first to the second time period (P = 0.03). Most USA200 isolates (both MSSA and MRSA) carried the gene for toxic shock syndrome toxin; however, carriage of the genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin, while common among MRSA of PFGE type USA300, was rare among MSSA USA300 in both time periods. Most MSSA isolates remained susceptible to all antimicrobial agents except erythromycin (79.1 and 76.0% susceptibilities in the 2001 to 2002 and the 2003 to 2004 periods, respectively). In contrast, the proportions of MRSA isolates that were susceptible to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and erythromycin were lower in 2003 and 2004 than in 2001 and 2002, although none of these differences was statistically significant. C1 [Tenover, Fred C.; McAllister, Sigrid; Fosheim, Gregory; McDougal, Linda K.; Carey, Roberta B.; Limbago, Brandi; Lonsway, David; Patel, Jean B.; Kuehnert, Matthew J.; Gorwitz, Rachel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G 08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G 08, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fnt1@cdc.gov FU National Center for Health Statistics FX We are grateful to individuals from the National Center for Health Statistics for their input on the manuscript. NR 16 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 BP 2837 EP 2841 DI 10.1128/JCM.00480-08 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344FS UT WOS:000258912900002 PM 18632911 ER PT J AU Breitschwerdt, EB Maggi, RG Nicholson, WL Cherry, NA Woods, CW AF Breitschwerdt, E. B. Maggi, R. G. Nicholson, W. L. Cherry, N. A. Woods, C. W. TI Bartonella sp bacteremia in patients with neurological and neurocognitive dysfunction SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH-DISEASE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; HENSELAE DNA; HUMAN HEALTH; INFECTION; DOG; QUINTANA; BLOOD; TRANSMISSION AB We detected infection with a Bartonella species (B. henselae or B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii) in blood samples from six immunocompetent patients who presented with a chronic neurological or neurocognitive syndrome including seizures, ataxia, memory loss, and/or tremors. Each of these patients had substantial animal contact or recent arthropod exposure as a potential risk factor for Bartonella infection. Additional studies should be performed to clarify the potential role of Bartonella spp. as a cause of chronic neurological and neurocognitive dysfunction. C1 [Breitschwerdt, E. B.; Maggi, R. G.; Cherry, N. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Comparat Med & Translat Res, Intracellular Pathogens Res Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Nicholson, W. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Woods, C. W.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Breitschwerdt, EB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Comparat Med & Translat Res, Intracellular Pathogens Res Lab, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM ed_breitschwerdt@ncsu.edu FU State of North Carolina; Sigmon Trust; Bayer Animal Health; IDEXX Laboratories; Southeastern Center for Emerging Biological Threats FX This research was supported by the State of North Carolina and in part by the Sigmon Trust, Bayer Animal Health, IDEXX Laboratories, and a grant awarded to E. B. Breitschwerdt, R. G. Maggi, and C. W. Woods from the Southeastern Center for Emerging Biological Threats. NR 37 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 BP 2856 EP 2861 DI 10.1128/JCM.00832-08 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344FS UT WOS:000258912900005 PM 18632903 ER PT J AU Nix, WA Jiang, BM Maher, K Strobert, E Oberste, MS AF Nix, W. Allan Jiang, Baoming Maher, Kaija Strobert, Elizabeth Oberste, M. Steven TI Identification of enteroviruses in naturally infected captive primates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCES; MONKEY KIDNEY CELLS; VIRAL AGENTS; SIMIAN ENTEROVIRUSES; TISSUE CULTURES; ENTERIC VIRUSES; SPECIMENS; ORIGIN; PCR AB In a recent study, we investigated cases of diarrheal disease among monkeys at a U. S. primate center. In that study, enteroviruses were detected in a high proportion of the fecal specimens tested. To determine whether the enterovirus detections represented the circulation of one or more simian enteroviruses within the colony or the transmission of human enteroviruses from animal handlers, we determined in the present study the serotype identity of each virus by reverse transcription-PCR and sequencing of a portion of the VP1 gene, a region whose sequence corresponds to antigenic type. Enteroviruses were identified in 37 of 56 specimens (66%), 30 of 40 rhesus macaques, 5 of 11 pigtail macaques, 2 of 4 sooty mangabeys, and 0 of 1 chimpanzee. No previously known human viruses were detected. Three previously known simian enterovirus serotypes - SV6, SV19, and SV46 - were among the viruses identified, but more than half of the identified viruses were previously unknown; these have been assigned as new types: EV92 and EV103. C1 [Nix, W. Allan; Maher, Kaija; Oberste, M. Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jiang, Baoming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Virus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Strobert, Elizabeth] Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov FU Yerkes Base [RR00165] FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 BP 2874 EP 2878 DI 10.1128/JCM.00074-08 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344FS UT WOS:000258912900008 PM 18596147 ER PT J AU Winchell, JM Thurman, KA Mitchell, SL Thacker, WL Fields, BS AF Winchell, Jonas M. Thurman, Kathleen A. Mitchell, Stephanie L. Thacker, W. Lanier Fields, Barry S. TI Evaluation of three real-time PCR assays for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in an outbreak investigation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AZITHROMYCIN PROPHYLAXIS; DIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS AB We compared the performances of three recently optimized real-time PCR assays derived from distinct genomic regions of Mycoplasma pneumoniae during an outbreak. Comprehensive evaluation established that a newly described toxin gene represents a superior target for detecting M. pneumoniae DNA in clinical specimens, although use of multiple targets may increase testing confidence. C1 [Winchell, Jonas M.; Thurman, Kathleen A.; Mitchell, Stephanie L.; Thacker, W. Lanier; Fields, Barry S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Winchell, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jwinchell@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 BP 3116 EP 3118 DI 10.1128/JCM.00440-08 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344FS UT WOS:000258912900052 PM 18614663 ER PT J AU Joshi, HH Gertz, RE Carvalho, MD Beall, BW AF Joshi, Hari Har Gertz, Robert E., Jr. Carvalho, Maria da Gloria Beall, Bernard W. TI Use of silica desiccant packets for specimen storage and transport to evaluate pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage among Nepalese children SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; SWABS; FIELD C1 [Joshi, Hari Har; Gertz, Robert E., Jr.; Carvalho, Maria da Gloria; Beall, Bernard W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Joshi, HH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbeall@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 BP 3175 EP 3176 DI 10.1128/JCM.00906-08 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344FS UT WOS:000258912900068 PM 18596145 ER PT J AU Green, LR AF Green, Laura R. TI Behavioral science and food safety SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID HANDLERS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Green, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MSF-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lrg0@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 71 IS 2 BP 47 EP 49 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 347EH UT WOS:000259122900007 PM 18807824 ER PT J AU Young, F Critchley, JA Ford, E O'Flaherty, M Capewell, S AF Young, F. Critchley, J. A. Ford, E. O'Flaherty, M. Capewell, S. TI High-risk versus rose population approaches to prevention: Modelling the decline in coronary heart disease deaths in the United States 1980-2000 SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Young, F.; Critchley, J. A.] Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Inst Hlth & Soc, ARCHEPI Programme, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Ford, E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [O'Flaherty, M.; Capewell, S.] Univ Liverpool, Div Publ Hlth, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 62 SU 1 MA 037 BP A14 EP A14 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 343CG UT WOS:000258829600038 ER PT J AU Zhao, G Ford, ES Mokdad, AH AF Zhao, G. Ford, E. S. Mokdad, A. H. TI Racial/ethnic variation in hypertension-related lifestyle behaviours among US women with self-reported hypertension SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; lifestyle behaviours; racial/ethnic differences; BRFSS ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; MODERATE ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTOR; NATIONAL-HEALTH; WEIGHT-LOSS; METAANALYSIS; PREVENTION AB Healthy lifestyles such as regular physical activity, frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, weight control/weight loss and limited alcohol consumption are effective and recommended in hypertension control. Using data collected from a total of 131 788 female participants (aged >= 18 years) of the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examined the racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension-related lifestyle behaviours in 36 770 US women with self-reported hypertension from five races/ethnicities (non-Hispanic white (29 237), non-Hispanic black (4288), Asian (445), American Indian/Alaska native (553) and Hispanic (2247)). The prevalence of hypertension varied by race/ethnicity, with the highest seen in non-Hispanic black population (36.9 versus 20.2-26.8% in other racial/ethnic groups). Of all hypertensive women, using non-Hispanic white women as the referent, we found that non-Hispanic black (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55-0.77), American Indian/Alaska native (AOR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.52-1.00) and Hispanic women (AOR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.57-0.86) were significantly less likely to engage in physical activity at recommended levels; non-Hispanic black women were more likely to consume >= 8 servings per day of fruits and vegetables (AOR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.24-2.34), and less likely to report losing weight (AOR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.53-0.71). In addition, Hispanic hypertensive women were significantly more likely than non-Hispanic white women to receive weight-loss advice (AOR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.60-2.44). In contrast, non-Hispanic white women were significantly more likely than those from other races/ethnicities to consume alcoholic beverages or engage in binge drinking. Our results demonstrate that race/ethnicity is an independent predictor of lifestyle behaviours related to hypertension control among American women with hypertension. C1 [Zhao, G.; Ford, E. S.; Mokdad, A. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zhao, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fwj4@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9240 J9 J HUM HYPERTENS JI J. Hum. Hypertens. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 22 IS 9 BP 608 EP 616 DI 10.1038/jhh.2008.52 PG 9 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 339SH UT WOS:000258597100005 PM 18496555 ER PT J AU Reis, JN Palma, T Ribeiro, GS Pinheiro, RM Ribeiro, CT Cordeiro, SM da Silva, HP Moschioni, M Thompson, TA Spratt, B Riley, LW Barocchi, MA Reis, MG Ko, AI AF Reis, Joice Neves Palma, Tania Ribeiro, Guilherme S. Pinheiro, Ricardo M. Ribeiro, Cassio Tamara Cordeiro, Soraia Machado da Silva Filho, H. P. Moschioni, Monica Thompson, Terry A. Spratt, Brian Riley, Lee W. Barocchi, Michele A. Reis, Mitermayer G. Ko, Albert I. TI Transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae in an urban slum community SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; nasopharyngeal carriage; pneumococcal conjugate vaccines; antibiotic resistance; urban slums ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; DAY-CARE-CENTERS; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; INVASIVE-DISEASE; PNEUMOCOCCAL CARRIAGE; SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONJUGATE VACCINE; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB Background: Inhabitants of slum settlements represent a significant proportion of the population at risk for pneumococcal disease in developing countries. Methods: We conducted a household survey of pneumococcal carriage among residents of a slum community in the city of Salvador, Brazil. Results: Among 262 subjects, 95 (36%) were colonized with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Children < 5 years of age (OR, 8.0; 95% CI, 3.5-18.6) and those who attended schools (OR, 2.7, 95% CI, 1.2-6.0) had significantly higher risk of being colonized. Of 94 isolates obtained from colonized individuals, 51 % had serotypes included in the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Overall, 10% (9 of 94 isolates) were nonsusceptible to penicillin and 28% (27 of 94 isolates) were resistant to cotrimoxazole. BOX-PCR, PFGE and MLST analyses found that 44% of the carriage isolates belonged to 14 distinct clonal groups. Strains of the same clonal group were isolated from multiple members of 9 out of the 39 study households. Nineteen carriage isolates had genotypes that were the same as those identified among 362 strains obtained from active surveillance for meningitis. Conclusions: The study's findings indicate that there is significant intra- and inter-household spread of S. pneumoniae in the slum community setting. However, a limited number of clones encountered during carriage among slum residents were found to cause invasive disease. (c) 2008 The British Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reis, Joice Neves; Palma, Tania; Ribeiro, Guilherme S.; Pinheiro, Ricardo M.; Ribeiro, Cassio Tamara; Cordeiro, Soraia Machado; da Silva Filho, H. P.; Reis, Mitermayer G.; Ko, Albert I.] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, Minist Saude, BR-40296710 Salvador, Candeal, Brazil. [Reis, Joice Neves] Univ Fed Bahia, Fac Farm, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Moschioni, Monica; Barocchi, Michele A.] Novartis Vaccines, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Thompson, Terry A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Streptococcus Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Spratt, Brian] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. [Riley, Lee W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ko, Albert I.] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, Div Int Med & Infect Dis, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Reis, JN (reprint author), Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, Minist Saude, Rua Waldemar Falcao 121, BR-40296710 Salvador, Candeal, Brazil. EM joice@bahia.fiocruz.br RI Vacinas, Inct/J-9431-2013; Ko, Albert/P-2343-2015; Reis, Joice/H-9227-2013 FU Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health [0250.250.415]; Brazilian National Research Council [300.861/96-6, 521.132/98-3, PRONEX 4196086200]; Research Foundation for the State of Bahia [1431040054051]; National Institutes of Health [D43 TW00919, R01 TW007303] FX We thank the families of the study community whichparticipated in the study. We also thank laboratory assistants Cintia Carta, Adriano Queiroz and Maviany Mota, for their immensurable help; Richard Facklam for advice during laboratory analysis and confirmation of the serotyping results. This work was supported by grants from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health (0250.250.415); the Brazilian National Research Council (300.861/96-6, 521.132/98-3 and PRONEX 4196086200); the Research Foundation for the State of Bahia (1431040054051) and the National Institutes of Health (D43 TW00919 and R01 TW007303). NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0163-4453 J9 J INFECTION JI J. Infect. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.jinf.2008.06.017 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 357GV UT WOS:000259835200006 PM 18672297 ER PT J AU Schulze, L Jordan, RA Dolan, MC Dietrich, G Healy, SP Piesman, J AF Schulze, L. Jordan, Robert A. Dolan, Marc C. Dietrich, Gabrielle Healy, Sean P. Piesman, Joseph TI Ability of 4-Poster passive topical treatment devices for deer to sustain low population levels of Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) after integrated tick management in a residential landscape SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; control; 4-Poster ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; GRANULAR DELTAMETHRIN; SAMPLING METHODS; NEW-JERSEY; HOSTS; DAMMINI; DETACHMENT; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE; NYMPHS AB In a recent study, the combined use of 4-Posters and Maxforce TMS bait boxes along with a barrier application of deltamethrin resulted in accelerated control of Ixodes scapularis Say by sequentially attacking each postembryonic life stage, We report the results of a follow-tip study to test the ability of 4-Posters used alone to Sustain the high levels of control achieved through the integrated tick management (ITM) approach after withdrawal of the bait boxes. In the first year after withdrawal, we observed declines in the level of control of larvae on small mammals, as well as of numbers of host-seeking larvae in the treatment area. There was no difference in the level of control of host-seeking adults in the treatment area after 2 yr. Within 2 yr, we observed a decline in control of subadult ticks infesting small mammals, but continued to see significant control of both host-seeking nymphs (85.9%) and larvae (89.0%) in the treatment area. The inconsistency that we observed between the apparent ability of 4-Posters to sustain high levels of control of host-seeking ticks, although having less effect on tick burdens on small mammal hosts, may be explained by the host-seeking ecology of immature L. scapularis. C1 [Schulze, L.; Jordan, Robert A.] Freehold Area Hlth Dept, Freehold, NJ 07728 USA. [Schulze, L.] Terry L Schulze Inc, Perrineville, NJ 08535 USA. [Dolan, Marc C.; Dietrich, Gabrielle; Piesman, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Healy, Sean P.] Monmouoth Cty Mosquito Exterminat Commiss, Tinton Falls, NJ 07724 USA. RP Jordan, RA (reprint author), 23 Running Brook Dr, Perrineville, NJ 08535 USA. EM rajordanphd@msn.com FU Millstone Township Committee; Cooperative Agreement [U50/CCU219564-03,04] FX The authors thank the Millstone Township Committee and the participating residents for support. This work was supported by Cooperative Agreement U50/CCU219564-03,04 between the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 45 IS 5 BP 899 EP 904 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[899:AOPPTT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 346VZ UT WOS:000259099000011 PM 18826033 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Vetter, SM Holmes, JL Bearden, SW Montenieri, JA Gage, KL AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Vetter, Sara M. Holmes, Jennifer L. Bearden, Scott W. Montenieri, John A. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Source of host blood affects prevalence of infection and bacterial loads of Yersinia pestis in fleas SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yersinia pestis; plague; flea; transmission; blood ID EARLY-PHASE TRANSMISSION; PLAGUE-VECTOR EFFICIENCY; XENOPSYLLA-CHEOPIS; PASTEURELLA-PESTIS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; BORNE TRANSMISSION; UNBLOCKED FLEAS; UNITED-STATES; SIPHONAPTERA; TEMPERATURE AB Yersinia pestis, the etiological agent of plague, is transmitted by multiple flea species. Previous studies have reported wide variability in transmission efficiency among competent vectors. However, it is unclear to what extent such variation is explained by methodological differences among studies. To optimize an artificial feeding system where fleas are infected with controlled numbers of Y. pestis under standardized laboratory conditions that could be used to systematically compare vector efficiency, we sought to test the effect of host bloodmeal source on 1) the flea's ability to remain infected with Y pestis and. 2) bacterial loads in fleas. Here, we demonstrate that both prevalence of infection with a virulent strain of Y. pestis (CO96-3188) and bacterial loads in rock squirrel fleas (Oropsylla montana) are affected by host-associated blood factors. The generality of this observation was confirmed by repeating the study using the rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) and a commonly used avirulent laboratory strain of Y pestis (A1122). Implications of the results for rate of spread of Y pestis in naturally infected host populations are discussed. C1 [Eisen, Rebecca J.; Vetter, Sara M.; Holmes, Jennifer L.; Bearden, Scott W.; Montenieri, John A.; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Enter & Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Enter & Vector Borne Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 45 IS 5 BP 933 EP 938 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[933:SOHBAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 346VZ UT WOS:000259099000016 PM 18826038 ER PT J AU Jothikumar, N da Silva, AJ Moura, I Qvarnstrom, Y Hill, VR AF Jothikumar, N. da Silva, A. J. Moura, I. Qvarnstrom, Y. Hill, V. R. TI Detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum by dual TaqMan assays SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; FECAL SPECIMENS; WATER SAMPLES; RFLP ANALYSIS; OOCYSTS; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPE; PARASITE; HUMANS; EXTRACTION AB Rapid identification of the two major species of Cryptosporidium associated with human infections, Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum, is important for investigating outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis. This study reports the development and validation of a real-time PCR TaqMan procedure for detection of Cryptosporidium species and identification of C. hominis and C. parvum in stool specimens. This procedure comprised a generic TaqMan assay targeting the 18S rRNA for sensitive detection of Cryptosporidium species, as well as two other TaqMan assays for identification of C. hominis and C. parvum. The generic Cryptosporidium species assay can be duplexed with the C. parvum-specific assay. The generic Cryptosporidium species assay was able to detect ten Cryptosporidium species and did not cross-react with a panel of ten other protozoan parasites. The generic Cryptosporidium species assay could detect 1-10 oocysts in a 300 mu l stool specimen, whilst each of the species-specific TaqMan assays had detection sensitivities that were approximately tenfold higher. The 18S rRNA assay was found to detect Cryptosporidium species in 49/55 DNA extracts from stool specimens containing either C. hominis or C. parvum. The C. hominis TaqMan assay correctly identified C. hominis in 24/31 validation panel specimens containing this species. The C. parvum-specific assay correctly identified C. parvum in 21/24 validation panel specimens containing this species. This real-time PCR procedure was used to detect and identify C. hominis and C. parvum in stool specimens from outbreak investigations in the USA and Botswana, resulting in identification of C. hominis and/or C. parvum in 66/67 stool specimens shown to be positive for these species using other techniques. From the outbreak specimens tested, the TaqMan procedure was found to have a specificity of 94 %. This TaqMan PCR procedure should be a valuable tool for the laboratory diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis caused by C. hominis and C. parvum during outbreak investigations. C1 [Jothikumar, N.; da Silva, A. J.; Moura, I.; Qvarnstrom, Y.; Hill, V. R.] Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Moura, I.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. RP Jothikumar, N (reprint author), Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JIN2@cdc.gov RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 NR 33 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1099 EP 1105 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.2008/001461-0 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344PF UT WOS:000258939100008 PM 18719179 ER PT J AU Gabbay, YB Borges, AA Oliveira, DS Linhares, AC Mascarenhas, JDP Barardi, CRM Simoes, CMO Wang, YH Glass, RI Jiang, BM AF Gabbay, Yvone B. Borges, Alessandra A. Oliveira, Darleise S. Linhares, Alexandre C. Mascarenhas, Joana D. P. Barardi, Celia R. M. Simoes, Claudia M. O. Wang, Yuhuan Glass, Roger I. Jiang, Baoming TI Evidence for zoonotic transmission of group C rotaviruses among children in Belem, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE group C rotavirus; interspecies transmission; diarrhea; children; Belem-Para ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GROUP-B; OKAYAMA PREFECTURE; FAMILY OUTBREAK; 1ST DETECTION; NSP4 GENES; GASTROENTERITIS; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; DIARRHEA AB The prevalence and potential zoonotic transmission of group C rotavirus (RVC) were examined by testing fecal samples collected from children during a longitudinal study that was carried out in the outskirts of Belem, Brazil, from December 1982 to March 1986. The study involved a group of 30 children who were followed from birth to 3 years. Of the 77 samples tested from 29 children, 5 (6.5%) were positive for human and 3 (4%) for porcine RVC by using nested PCR assay with primers specific for VP6 gene of human or porcine RVC and by Southern hybridization using a probe specific for VP6 gene of both human and porcine RVC. In addition, a total of 59 fecal specimens from the 30th child were tested, 1 (1.7%) and 14 (23.7%) were positive for human and porcine RVC, respectively. Partial nucleotide sequences of VP6 gene demonstrated that the six human strains detected in Brazil were homologous with other human RVC, and 14 of the 17 porcine RVC strains examined showed a complete homology among themselves but differed slightly from the porcine Cowden strain, suggesting that a single porcine RVC strain was circulating in Belem. This study is the first to provide evidence for transmission of RVC from swine to human. They also indicate that both human and porcine RVC were endemic in Belem. C1 [Gabbay, Yvone B.; Oliveira, Darleise S.; Linhares, Alexandre C.; Mascarenhas, Joana D. P.] SVS, Inst Evandro Chagas, Belem, PA, Brazil. [Borges, Alessandra A.; Barardi, Celia R. M.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, CCB, Depto Microbiol & Parasitol, Lab Virol Aplicada, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Simoes, Claudia M. O.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, CCS, Depto Ciencias Farmaceut, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Wang, Yuhuan; Glass, Roger I.; Jiang, Baoming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gabbay, YB (reprint author), Secretaria Vigilancia Saude, Inst Evandro Chagas, Virol Sect, Rodovia BR 316,Km 07,S-N,Levilandia, BR-67030000 Ananindeua, Para, Brazil. EM yvonegabbay@iec.pa.gov.br RI Barardi, Celia /F-9865-2012; Borges, Alessandra/K-3627-2013; Simoes, Claudia/N-1712-2015 NR 42 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1666 EP 1674 DI 10.1002/jmv.21250 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 331KQ UT WOS:000258011500022 PM 18649333 ER PT J AU Lubin, IM Caggana, M Constantin, C Gross, SJ Lyon, E Pagon, RA Trotter, TL Wilson, JA McGovern, MM AF Lubin, Ira M. Caggana, Michele Constantin, Carolyn Gross, Susan J. Lyon, Elaine Pagon, Roberta A. Trotter, Tracy L. Wilson, Jean Amos McGovern, Margaret M. TI Ordering molecular genetic tests and reporting results - Practices in laboratory and clinical settings SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS DELTA-F508; HEALTH-CARE PROVIDERS; FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; PHYSICIANS; PATHOLOGY; GUIDELINES AB Previous studies have suggested that patient care may be compromised as a consequence of poor communication between clinicians and laboratory professionals in cases in which molecular genetic test results are reported. To understand better the contributing factors to such compromised care, we investigated both pre- and postanalytical processes using cystic fibrosis mutation analysis as our model. We found that although the majority of test requisition forms requested patient/family information that was necessary for the proper interpretation of test results, in many cases, these data were not provided by die individuals filling out the forms. We found instances in which result reports for simulated diagnostic testing described individuals as carriers where only a single mutation was found with no comment pertaining to a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Similarly, reports based on simulated scenarios for carrier testing were problematic when no mutations were identified, and the patient's race/ethnicity and family history were not discussed in reference to residual risk of disease. Remarkably, a pilot survey of obstetrician-gynecologists revealed that office staff, including secretaries, often helped order genetic tests and reported test results to patients, raising questions about what efforts are undertaken to ensure personnel competency. These findings are reviewed in fight of what efforts should be taken to improve die quality of test-ordering and result reporting practices. C1 [Lubin, Ira M.; Constantin, Carolyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Caggana, Michele] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Gross, Susan J.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. [Lyon, Elaine] ARUP Labs, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Lyon, Elaine] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Pagon, Roberta A.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Trotter, Tracy L.] San Ramon Valley Primary Care, San Ramon, CA USA. [Wilson, Jean Amos] Sequenom Inc, Genet Serv Lab, San Diego, CA USA. [McGovern, Margaret M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, New York, NY USA. RP Lubin, IM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ilubin@cdc.gov FU Wadsworth Center, New York Department Of Public Health [U10/CCU224489-01]; Mount Sinai School of Medicine FX Supported, in part, by a cooperative agreement U10/CCU224489-01 awarded to Wadsworth Center, New York Department Of Public Health (Dr. Michele Caggana, co-PI) with a subcontract to Mount Sinai School of Medicine (Dr. Margaret M. McGovern). NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 10 IS 5 BP 459 EP 468 DI 10.2353/jmoldx.2008.080050 PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 345GW UT WOS:000258985300010 PM 18669879 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Curns, AT Welburg, L Jones, JF Lundgren, LM Capuron, L Pape, J Reeves, WC Campbell, GL AF Sejvar, James J. Curns, Aaron T. Welburg, Leonie Jones, James F. Lundgren, Louisa M. Capuron, Lucile Pape, John Reeves, William C. Campbell, Grant L. TI Neurocognitive and functional outcomes in persons recovering from West Nile virus illness SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; HERPES-SIMPLEX; NEW-YORK; INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS; FATIGUE; CANTAB; SF-36 AB Long-term neurocognitive and functional impairments following West Nile virus (WNV) disease are poorly understood. We assessed quality-of-life indices and neurocognitive performance in a cohort of 54 persons recovering from one of three WNV disease syndromes (fever [WNF], meningitis [WNM], or encephalitis [WNE]) approximately 1.5 years following acute illness. We compared findings between the three syndromic groups; the study cohort and a demographically similar group of 55 controls from a study of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS); and the study cohort and a, 'normative' control population based on cognitive test data. Persistent symptoms, diminished quality of life, and functional impairment were reported by 50% of WNF patients, and 75% each of WNM and WNE patients. Overall, objective neurocognitive performance did not differ significantly between the three syndromic groups, or between the study cohort and the CFS controls or the normative controls. In some neurocognitive subtests, the study cohort scored below the 15th percentile when compared with normative control data. Most persons who returned to independent living following hospitalization for WNV illness had persistent subjective complaints, but had normal cognitive function. However, a minority displayed subtle neurocognitive deficits more than 18 months following acute disease. C1 [Sejvar, James J.; Jones, James F.; Reeves, William C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, NCZVED, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sejvar, James J.; Lundgren, Louisa M.; Campbell, Grant L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, NCZVED, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Curns, Aaron T.] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Welburg, Leonie] Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Capuron, Lucile] Univ Bordeaux 2, Lab Psychoneuroimmunol Nutr & Genet, INRA, CNRS,UMR 1286, F-5226 Bordeaux, France. [Pape, John] Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, NCZVED, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 1748-6645 J9 J NEUROPSYCHOL JI J. Neuropsychol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 BP 477 EP 499 DI 10.1348/174866407X218312 PG 23 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 499XI UT WOS:000270259700010 PM 19824176 ER PT J AU Tudor-Locke, C Ham, SA AF Tudor-Locke, Catrine Ham, Sandra A. TI Walking Behaviors Reported in the American Time Use Survey 2003-2005 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE physical activity; exercise; assessment; transportation; dog walking ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DOG OWNERSHIP; ADULTS; HEALTH; SYSTEM AB Background: We report walking for shopping, exercise, transportation, and walking the dog, among other sources captured in the 2003 to 2005 American Time Use Survey (ATUS). Methods: We extracted and analyzed 8 walking behaviors (by sex, age, education level, and race/ethnicity) from 24 hours of activities recalled by telephone interview for 15,175 males and 19,518 females age >= 15 years. Results: On any given day in 2003 to 2005, 45.8% of Americans participated in a median of 45 minutes of any walking activities; 31.6% walked for shopping purposes, 12.5% walked for transportation, 4.8% walked for exercise, and 2.5% walked the dog. College-educated respondents more commonly reported walking while shopping, walking for exercise, and dog walking. Those with less than a high school education more commonly reported walking for transportation. Conclusions: Despite limitations identified in imputing explicit and implicit performance of walking behaviors in the ATUS, Americans engage in a wide variety of walking behaviors that are not well represented by surveys focused only on leisure-time behaviors. Public health implications include increased availability of multiple and varied opportunities for walking, especially through environmental shifts toward more walkable places and destinations and policy shifts that support walking behaviors over competing transportation modes. C1 [Tudor-Locke, Catrine] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Walking Behav Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Ham, Sandra A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tudor-Locke, C (reprint author), Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Walking Behav Lab, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 633 EP 647 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V18PA UT WOS:000208015500001 PM 18820341 ER PT J AU Dye, BA Nowjack-Raymer, R Barker, LK Nunn, JH Steele, JG Tan, S Lewis, BG Beltran-Aguilar, ED AF Dye, B. A. Nowjack-Raymer, R. Barker, L. K. Nunn, J. H. Steele, J. G. Tan, S. Lewis, B. G. Beltran-Aguilar, E. D. TI Overview and Quality Assurance for the Oral Health Component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-04 SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE NHANES; oral health; dental public health; epidemiology; data reliability; quality assurance ID DENTAL EROSION; TOOTH WEAR; ETIOLOGY AB The 2003-04 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was a collaborative effort involving 28 federal funding partners with the National Center for Health Statistics. The collaborators for the 2003-04 NHANES oral health component included the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Oral Health. Oral health data are available on 8,272 persons aged 2 years or older. This report provides an overview of the 2003-04 oral health component including content descriptions and procedures for oral health assessments conducted for the first time in a national survey in the United States. These assessments include posterior functional contacts, tooth wear, and oral health-related quality of life. This report also provides evaluations of data quality in terms of examiner reliability statistics (percent agreements, kappas, and correlation coefficients) for various NHANES 2003-04 oral health examination components and analytical recommendations for producing 6-year estimates using the previous two NHANES data collection components (1999-2000 and 2001-02). C1 [Dye, B. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, NHANES Program, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Dye, B. A.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Barker, L. K.; Beltran-Aguilar, E. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nunn, J. H.] Univ Dublin, Trinity Coll, Dent Sch & Hosp, Dept Publ & Child Dent Hlth, Dublin, Ireland. [Steele, J. G.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Dye, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, NHANES Program, 3311 Toledo Rd,RM 4416, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM bfd1@cdc.gov OI Nunn, June/0000-0003-4481-544X FU NHANES; NIH/NIDCR; CDC/National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Division of Oral Health; CDC/NCHS FX The 2003-04 NHANES oral health component was a funding and content collaborative effort between the NIH/NIDCR, the CDC/National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Division of Oral Health, and the CDC/NCHS. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 68 IS 4 BP 218 EP 226 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2007.00076.x PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 380BU UT WOS:000261441400006 PM 18248340 ER PT J AU Rutz, HJ Bur, S Lobato, MN Baucom, S Bohle, E Baruch, NG AF Rutz, Heather J. Bur, Sarah Lobato, Mark N. Baucom, Sharon Bohle, Elizabeth Baruch, Nancy G. TI Tuberculosis control in a large urban jail: Discordance between policy and reality SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE corrections; evaluation; jails; tuberculosis ID NEW-YORK-STATE; CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES; OUTBREAK; PRISON; COMMUNITY; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; INFECTION AB Objective: This study evaluated adherence to tuberculosis control guidelines, published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1996, in a large urban jail. Jails are a critical locale because of high risk for tuberculosis transmission in a congregate setting. Methods: Symptom screening at intake into the facility was systematically observed. Medical records were reviewed to measure timing of tuberculin skin testing (TST) and chest radiograph (CXR) screening. Isolation records were examined for airborne infectious isolation practices. Contact investigation practices were evaluated for ease of data retrieval and adherence to CDC guidelines. Results: A TB symptom screening question was asked correctly during 28/97 of intake health interviews. Median time from intake to TST was 3 days for men and 2 days for women. Median time from referral to CXR was 2 days for men and 7 days for women. Delays were noted in diagnostic testing of 51 detainees isolated for suspected TB. Contact investigations lacked comprehensive procedures, data collection forms, and databases for managing information. Conclusion: Findings were used to refine protocols for TB control. This evaluation illustrated the need for ongoing assessment of adherence to TB control protocols in short-term correctional settings to prevent the spread of TB. C1 [Rutz, Heather J.; Baruch, Nancy G.] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div TB Control Refugee & Migrant Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Lobato, Mark N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Baucom, Sharon] Maryland Dept Publ Safety & Correct Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bohle, Elizabeth] Communicable Dis Program Howard Cty Hlth Dept, Columbia, MD USA. RP Rutz, HJ (reprint author), Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div TB Control Refugee & Migrant Hlth, 201 W Preston St,Rm 307-A, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hrutz@dhmh.state.md.us NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 442 EP 447 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 343JZ UT WOS:000258850800006 PM 18708887 ER PT J AU Thiede, H Close, NS Koepsell, J Baer, A Duchin, JS AF Thiede, Hanne Close, Natasha S. Koepsell, Jennifer Baer, Atar Duchin, Jeffrey S. TI Completeness of reporting of rabies postexposure prophylaxis in King County, Washington SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE evaluation; rabies postexposure prophylaxis; reporting completeness ID UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; EXPOSURES AB The completeness of rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) reporting was evaluated in King County, Washington State. Information on rabies immune globulin prescriptions was obtained from hospital pharmacies associated with emergency departments in King County from 2003 to June 2006. Rabies immune globulin is given at the initiation of rabies PEP which is usually started at emergency departments. Because pharmacies are not regular sources of rabies PEP reporting, we compared pharmacy cases with cases reported via routine passive surveillance methods, A capture-recapture method was used to calculate the estimated number of unreported cases from all sources. Reporting completeness was calculated by dividing the number of cases reported via routine surveillance with the sum of reported and estimated unreported cases. Seventy-one unreported rabies PEP cases were identified by comparing previously reported cases with pharmacy cases. A total of 128 cases were estimated to have been missed by the surveillance system. Overall reporting completeness was 62 percent increasing to almost 80 percent in 2005 and 2006. Our findings illustrate the importance of evaluating surveillance systems and suggest that it may be useful to institute active rabies PEP surveillance with emergency departments in addition to continuing educating healthcare providers and facilities about reporting. C1 [Thiede, Hanne] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thiede, Hanne] Univ Washington, Communicable Dis Epidemiol & Immunizat Sect, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thiede, Hanne] Univ Washington, HIV AIDS Epidemiol Program Publ Hlth Seattle & Ki, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Close, Natasha S.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baer, Atar] Univ Washington, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Duchin, Jeffrey S.] Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Thiede, H (reprint author), 401 5th Ave,Suite 900, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM hanne.thiede@kingcounty.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI057141] NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 448 EP 453 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 343JZ UT WOS:000258850800007 PM 18708888 ER PT J AU Pearcy, JN Keppel, KG AF Pearcy, Jeffrey N. Keppel, Kenneth G. TI Monitoring change in health disparity SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE disparity; healthy people; race/ethnicity; rate of change; trends ID RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; MANAGED CARE; TESTS AB Agencies and programs tasked to reduce and eliminate disparity need the best available methods to assess the success of their efforts. When monitoring disparity it is vital to be aware of how absolute and relative measures of disparity, and when changes are measured, can lead to different conclusions regarding progress. Absolute and relative disparities for homicide rates between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites were calculated on an annual basis for 1989 through 2003. A joinpoint regression of rates was used to identify where significant changes occurred over the 15-year period. Absolute and relative changes in disparity were measured for each interval identified. The annualized percent changes in homicide rates for each interval were used to evaluate how relative rates of change in homicide affect disparity. Three distinct change points were found for homicide rates and changes in disparity between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites for the period 1989-2003. Intervals 2 (1991-1994) and 3 (1994-1999) had declines in both absolute and relative disparity. Only interval 3 had disparity reductions sufficient, if they had continued, to suggest any elimination of disparity within the next 5 years. Reduction in the relative difference between groups is the best evidence of progress toward eliminating disparity. The relative rate of improvement for the group with less favorable rate must be greater than that of the group with the more favorable rate. It is just as important to be aware of when disparity is being assessed in a longer overall trend. C1 [Pearcy, Jeffrey N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Pearcy, Jeffrey N.] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Pearcy, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6313, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jpearcy@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 481 EP 486 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 343JZ UT WOS:000258850800012 PM 18708893 ER PT J AU Bossarte, RM Swahn, MH AF Bossarte, Robert M. Swahn, Monica H. TI Interactions between race/ethnicity and psychosocial correlates of preteen alcohol use initiation among seventh grade students in an urban setting SO JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS LA English DT Article ID SUBSTANCE-USE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; RISK-FACTORS; YOUNG ADOLESCENTS; SOCIAL INFLUENCES; DATING VIOLENCE; UNITED-STATES; EARLY AGE; DRUG-USE; DRINKING AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to test differences in the associations between race and ethnicity and early alcohol use initiation among adolescents from an urban school district in a high-risk area. Method: In 2004, a total of 1,350 white, black, and Hispanic seventh graders completed questionnaires assessing their alcohol use, demographic characteristics, family characteristics, peer behaviors, and community exposures. Logistic regression analyses examined correlates and potential effect modifiers for the entire group of seventh grade students and separately for white, black, and Hispanic students. Results: Although there were common correlates of early alcohol use initiation for the three groups, significant interactions between race, ethnicity, and early alcohol initiation were also identified. Specifically., black youth who witnessed violence in their homes before the age of 10 years were nearly three times (adjusted odds ratio [OR(adj)] = 2.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.37-5.42) more likely to initiate the use of alcohol before the age of 13 years. Conversely, white students who reported higher levels of social support at school were approximately 50% (OR(adj) = 0.51; CI: 0.28-0.95) less likely to begin drinking alcohol before the age of 13 years. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of examining risk factors for early alcohol use for different racial and ethnic groups separately and for considering these differences when designing and implementing prevention programs. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Injury Control Res Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Swahn, Monica H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bossarte, RM (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Psychiat, Box PSYCH,300 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM Robert_Bossarte@urmc.rochester.edu RI Price, Katie/H-1931-2012; Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALCOHOL RES DOCUMENTATION INC CENT ALCOHOL STUD RUTGERS UNIV PI PISCATAWAY PA C/O DEIRDRE ENGLISH, 607 ALLISON RD, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8001 USA SN 1937-1888 J9 J STUD ALCOHOL DRUGS JI J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 5 BP 660 EP 665 PG 6 WC Substance Abuse; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychology GA 348IW UT WOS:000259205200004 PM 18781240 ER PT J AU Marini, RP Buckley, EM Peters, Y Cassiday, P Fox, JG AF Marini, R. P. Buckley, E. M. Peters, Y. Cassiday, P. Fox, J. G. TI Corynebacterium spp in Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) and Macaques (Macaca mulatta) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Marini, R. P.; Buckley, E. M.; Peters, Y.; Fox, J. G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cassiday, P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pertussis & Diphtheria Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 87 EP 88 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 361MJ UT WOS:000260131500058 ER PT J AU Herrod, BP Bryant, N Carroll, D Jackson, E Powell, N AF Herrod, B. P. Bryant, N. Carroll, D. Jackson, E. Powell, N. TI Suppurative Osteomyelitis, Meningoencephalitis, and Multifocal Suppurative Bronchopneumonia in the Gambian Rat (Cricetomys gambianus) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Herrod, B. P.; Bryant, N.; Carroll, D.; Jackson, E.; Powell, N.] Ctr Dis Control, Anim Resources Branch, Pathol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 101 EP 102 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 361MJ UT WOS:000260131500095 ER PT J AU Langham, G Kelly, K Walls, C Powell, N AF Langham, G. Kelly, K. Walls, C. Powell, N. TI Cynomys Housing and Enrichment Units SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Langham, G.; Kelly, K.; Powell, N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Walls, C.] Four Seasons Environm, Monroe, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 361MJ UT WOS:000260131500164 ER PT J AU Kelly, K Powell, N AF Kelly, K. Powell, N. TI Disposable Nonhuman Primate Puzzle for High-containment Labs SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kelly, K.; Powell, N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 361MJ UT WOS:000260131500185 ER PT J AU Blalock, SJ Demby, KB McCulloch, KL Stevens, JA AF Blalock, Susan J. Demby, Karen B. McCulloch, Karen L. Stevens, Judy A. TI Seniors' perceptions of using hip protectors to reduce fracture risk SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Letter ID COMMUNITY C1 [Blalock, Susan J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Div Pharmaceut Outcomes & Policy, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [McCulloch, Karen L.] Univ N Carolina, Div Phys Therapy, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Stevens, Judy A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blalock, SJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Div Pharmaceut Outcomes & Policy, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. FU NCIPC CDC HHS [R49 CE000196] NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1773 EP 1774 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01868.x PG 3 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 347PC UT WOS:000259152500038 PM 19166459 ER PT J AU Savel, TG Lenert, L Silverstein, JC Hall, KE AF Savel, Thomas G. Lenert, Leslie Silverstein, Jonathan C. Hall, Kenneth E. TI In response to: What is a grid? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hall, Kenneth E.] BearingPoint Inc, Atlanta, GA 30346 USA. [Savel, Thomas G.; Lenert, Leslie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Silverstein, Jonathan C.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Silverstein, Jonathan C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Hall, KE (reprint author), BearingPoint Inc, S Terrace Bldg,115 Perimeter Ctr Pl NE,Suite 380, Atlanta, GA 30346 USA. EM ken.hall@bearingpoint.com NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 BP 705 EP 706 DI 10.1197/jamia.M2707 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 352NL UT WOS:000259503800017 PM 18768437 ER PT J AU Domeika, M Litvinenko, I Smirnova, T Gaivaronskaya, O Savicheva, A Sokolovskiy, E Ballard, RC Unemo, M AF Domeika, M. Litvinenko, I. Smirnova, T. Gaivaronskaya, O. Savicheva, A. Sokolovskiy, E. Ballard, R. C. Unemo, M. TI Laboratory diagnostics for non-viral sexually transmitted infections in St. Petersburg, Russia: current situation and hallmarks for improvements SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evidence-based recommendations; laboratory diagnosis; Russia; sexually transmitted infections (STIs); St. Petersburg; surveillance ID QUALITY AB Background The numbers and performance characteristics of laboratories providing sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnostic services, as well as the rates of morbidity due to STIs in St. Petersburg, Russia, remain largely unknown. Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the range, quality and availability of diagnostic services for several non-viral STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum and Trichomonas vaginalis) in St. Petersburg during the period September 2005 to June 2006. Methods Survey data focusing on organization and performance characteristics of STI diagnostic services were assessed using questionnaires, telephone interviews and site visits. Results A total of 118 laboratories providing STI diagnostic services were identified. Of the surveyed laboratories, 54% (64 of 118) diagnosed syphilis, 81% (96 of 118) gonorrhoea, 80% (94 of 118) trichomoniasis and 49% (58 of 118) chlamydial infections. Although most of the laboratories could provide a presumptive diagnosis for syphilis, most of the N. gonorrhoeae and T. vaginalis testing of women did not adhere to international recommendations. Of the laboratories with the capacity to diagnose C. trachomatis infection, 69% still used serological testing (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) to detect antibodies to C. trachomatis. Conclusions Overall, the diagnostic methods used to establish a laboratory diagnosis, the system of case reporting, the training of laboratory personnel and the level of interlaboratory communication clearly require improvement. This study represents the first step in a process of evaluation of the laboratory support for STI services and the establishment of an interlaboratory network in St. Petersburg. C1 [Domeika, M.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, SE-75122 Uppsala, Sweden. [Domeika, M.] E Europe Comm Swedish Hlth Community, Stockholm, Sweden. [Litvinenko, I.; Smirnova, T.; Gaivaronskaya, O.] Cent Skin and Venereal Dis Dispensary, St Petersburg, Russia. [Savicheva, A.] Ott Inst of Obstetr and Gynecol RAMS, Microbiol Lab, St Petersburg, Russia. [Sokolovskiy, E.] Pavlov State Med Univ St Petersburg, Dept Dermatol & Venereal Dis, St Petersburg, Russia. [Ballard, R. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Reference and Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Unemo, M.] Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, Orebro, Sweden. RP Domeika, M (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, SE-75122 Uppsala, Sweden. EM marius.domeika@medsci.uu.se FU East Europe Committee of the Swedish Health Community, Stockholm, Sweden FX This study was supported by grants from the East Europe Committee of the Swedish Health Community, Stockholm, Sweden. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0926-9959 J9 J EUR ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1094 EP 1100 DI 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02739.x PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 337NS UT WOS:000258443400010 PM 18410333 ER PT J AU Bern, C Montgomery, SP AF Bern, Caryn Montgomery, Susan P. TI Recognizing and reducing the risks of Chagas disease in travelers SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID BENZNIDAZOLE C1 [Bern, Caryn; Montgomery, Susan P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 BP 385 EP 385 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 357NP UT WOS:000259853700022 PM 19006520 ER PT J AU Behel, SK MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Secura, GM Bingham, T Celentano, DD Koblin, BA LaLota, M Shehan, D Torian, LV AF Behel, Stephanie K. MacKellar, Duncan A. Valleroy, Linda A. Secura, Gina M. Bingham, Trista Celentano, David D. Koblin, Beryl A. LaLota, Marlene Shehan, Douglas Torian, Lucia V. CA Young Men's Survey Study Grp TI HIV prevention services received at health care and HIV test providers by young men who have sex with men: An examination of racial disparities SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention services; racial/ethnic disparities; young MSM ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RISK BEHAVIORS; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; PHYSICIANS; INFECTION; ACCESS; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE AB We investigated whether there were racial/ethnic differences among young men who have sex with men (MSM) in their use of, perceived importance of, receipt of, and satisfaction with HIV prevention services received at health care providers (HCP) and HIV test providers (HTP) that explain racial disparities in HIV prevalence. Young men, aged 23 to 29 years, were interviewed and tested for HIV at randomly sampled MSM-identified venues in six U.S. cities from 1998 through 2000. Analyses were restricted to five U.S. cities that enrolled 50 or more black or Hispanic MSM. Among the 2,424 MSM enrolled, 1,522 (63%) reported using a HCP, and 1,268 (52%) reported having had an HIV test in the year prior to our interview. No racial/ethnic differences were found in using a HCP or testing for HIV. Compared with white MSM, black and Hispanic MSM were more likely to believe that HIV prevention services are important [respectively, AOR, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.0, 1.97 to 4.51 and AOR, 95% CI: 2.7, 1.89 to 3.79], and were more likely to receive prevention services at their HCP (AOR, 95% CI: 2.5, 1.72 to 3.71 and AOR, 95% CI: 1.7, 1.18 to 2.41) and as likely to receive counseling services at their HTP. Blacks were more likely to be satisfied with the prevention services received at their HCP (AOR, 95% CI: 1.7, 1.14 to 2.65). Compared to white MSM, black and Hispanic MSM had equal or greater use of, perceived importance of, receipt of, and satisfaction with HIV prevention services. Differential experience with HIV prevention services does not explain the higher HIV prevalence among black and Hispanic MSM. C1 [Behel, Stephanie K.; MacKellar, Duncan A.; Valleroy, Linda A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Secura, Gina M.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. [Bingham, Trista] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Celentano, David D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Koblin, Beryl A.] New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [LaLota, Marlene] Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Shehan, Douglas] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Torian, Lucia V.] New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP Behel, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zmd7@cdc.gov NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 EI 1468-2869 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 85 IS 5 BP 727 EP 743 DI 10.1007/s11524-008-9303-x PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 343GS UT WOS:000258842000009 PM 18622708 ER PT J AU Trindade, GD Li, Y Olson, VA Emerson, G Regnery, RL da Fonseca, FG Kroon, EG Damon, I AF Trindade, Giliane de Souza Li, Yu Olson, Victoria A. Emerson, Ginny Regnery, Russell L. da Fonseca, Flavio Guimaraes Kroon, Erna Geessien Damon, Inger TI Real-time PCR assay to identify variants of Vaccinia virus: Implications for the diagnosis of bovine vaccinia in Brazil SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE vaccinia virus; bovine vaccinia outbreaks; diagnostic; real-time PCR ID PATHOGENIC ORTHOPOX VIRUSES; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; SMALLPOX VACCINE; VARIOLA VIRUS; POXVIRUS; HUMANS; CATTLE; DIFFERENTIATION; INFECTION; STRAINS AB Naturally occurring infections of Vaccinia virus (VACV) have been recognized in Brazil during the past 10 years. Human Brazilian Vaccinia virus (BVV) infections typically occur as a zoonosis transferred from affected dairy cows to their handlers. Outbreaks have caused notable economic losses to the rural community in the region. The origins of BVV are unclear but previous analyses have shown that at least two distinct clades of BVV exist. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and inexpensive process for identification and differentiation of BVV that should facilitate epidemiological and ecological investigations including the improved diagnosis of Brazilian Orthopoxvirus infections. A SYBR green quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the hernagglutinin gene was developed to identify different populations of BVV, VACV vaccine strains used in Brazil during the smallpox eradication campaign (Vaccinia Lister (VACV-LIS) and New York City Board of Health (VACV-NYCBH)), and currently available vaccines (VACV-NYCBH DRYVAX and VACV-NYCBH Acambis 2000). Three primer combinations (one to amplify many orthopoxviruses including all vaccinia viruses described so far; one to differentiate BVV from vaccine strains (VACV-LIS, VACV-NYCBH DRYVAX and VACV-NYCBH Acambis 2000); and one to differentiate BVV clades) were designed to work at the same annealing temperature and reaction conditions. In addition, these methods were able to detect orthopoxvirus viral DNA in lesion biopsy material without the need for DNA extraction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Trindade, Giliane de Souza; Li, Yu; Olson, Victoria A.; Emerson, Ginny; Regnery, Russell L.; Damon, Inger] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Zoonot Vecto, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Trindade, Giliane de Souza] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. [da Fonseca, Flavio Guimaraes; Kroon, Erna Geessien] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Microbiol, Inst Ciencias Biol, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Damon, I (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Zoonot Vecto, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gitrindade@yahoo.com.br; lay4@cdc.gov; vao9@cdc.gov; dtt4@cdc.gov; rur1@cdc.gov; fdafonseca@cpqrr.fiocruz.br; kroone@icb.ufmg.br; idamon@cdc.gov RI Vacinas, Inct/J-9431-2013 NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 2008 VL 152 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.05.028 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 344BR UT WOS:000258900800011 PM 18602170 ER PT J AU King, W Nu'Man, J Fuller, TR Brown, M Smith, S Howell, AV Little, S Patrick, P Glover, L AF King, Winifred Nu'Man, Jeanette Fuller, Talleria R. Brown, Mari Smith, Shuenae Howell, A. Vyann Little, Stacey Patrick, Patricia Glover, LaShon TI The diffusion of a community-level HIV intervention for women: Lessons learned and best practices SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INCOME HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; PREVENTION INTERVENTION; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS; DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS; MPOWERMENT PROJECT; STRUCTURAL FACTORS; YOUNG GAY; RISK; HIV/AIDS AB Early in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States, relatively few women were diagnosed with HIV infection and AIDS. Today, the epidemic represents a growing and persistent health threat to women in the United States, especially young women and women of color. In 2005, the leading cause of HIV infection among African American women and Latinas was heterosexual contact. In addressing HIV prevention needs among women, community-level strategies are needed to increase consistent condom use by women and their partners and to change community norms to support safer sex behaviors. The Real AIDS Prevention Project (RAPP) is a community-based HIV prevention intervention for women and their partners. RAPP is based on a community mobilization model that involves a combination of activities, including street outreach, one-on-one discussions called stage-based encounters, role model stories, community networks, and small group activities. The objectives of RAPP are to increase consistent condom use by women and their partners and change community norms associated with perceptions of condom use and high-risk behaviors in an effort to make safer sex practice more acceptable. This paper describes the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (DHAP) effort to nationally diffuse RAPP from March 2003 through May 2007 and lessons learned from that diffusion experience. The paper specifically discusses (1) collaborating and planning with researchers, (2) a diffusion needs assessment that was designed to assess prior implementation experiences among select agencies, (3) developing the intervention package, (4) developing and piloting training for community-based organizations (CBOs), (5) a rollout of national trainings for health departments and community-based organizations interested in implementing RAPP, and (6) ongoing quality assurance activities and the provision of technical assistance and support. RAPP has been proven effective in reducing HIV transmission risk behaviors and improving communication and negotiation skills necessary for African American women and Latinas to reduce their risk for HIV infection and improve their overall health status. C1 [King, Winifred; Brown, Mari; Smith, Shuenae; Howell, A. Vyann; Patrick, Patricia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nu'Man, Jeanette] Macro Int Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fuller, Talleria R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Little, Stacey; Glover, LaShon] AED Ctr AIDS & Community Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP King, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-40, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM WKing@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1055 EP 1066 DI 10.1089/jwh.2008.1035 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 354KT UT WOS:000259639200001 PM 18774889 ER PT J AU Petersen, EE Rasmussen, SA Daniel, KL Yazdy, MM Honein, MA AF Petersen, Emily E. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Daniel, Katherine Lyon Yazdy, Mahsa M. Honein, Margaret A. TI Prescription medication borrowing and sharing among women of reproductive age SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society CY JUN 23-28, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Teratol Soc ID UNITED-STATES; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; VACCINE BELIEFS; DRUGS; PREGNANCY; PARENTS; GENDER AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of prescription medication borrowing and sharing among adults, particularly women of reproductive age. Methods: Data were collected from the 2001-2006 HealthStyles surveys, an annual mail survey conducted in the United States concerning trends in health behavior. The total responses received were 26,566 of 36,420 surveys mailed (response rate 73%). Of these total responses, there were 7,456 women of reproductive age (18-44 years). Survey questions included whether participants had ever shared or borrowed a prescription medication, how often participants shared or borrowed medications in the past year, and types of medications shared or borrowed. Data were weighted by matching sex, age, income, race, and household size variables to annual U.S. census data. Associations between demographic factors and borrowing and sharing were studied. Results: Overall, 28.8% of women and 26.5% of men reported ever borrowing or sharing prescription medications. Women of reproductive age were more likely to report prescription medication borrowing or sharing (36.5%) than women of nonreproductive age (>= 45 years) (19.5%) (rate ratio [RR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.77-1.99). Of reproductive-aged women who borrowed or shared prescription medication, the most common medications borrowed or shared were allergy medications (43.8%) and pain medications (42.6%). Conclusions: Prescription medication borrowing and sharing is a common behavior among adults and is more common among reproductive-aged women than among women in other age groups. C1 [Petersen, Emily E.; Rasmussen, Sonja A.; Yazdy, Mahsa M.; Honein, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Petersen, Emily E.] CDC Experience Fellowship, Atlanta, GA USA. [Daniel, Katherine Lyon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yazdy, Mahsa M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MHonein@cdc.gov OI Yazdy, Mahsa/0000-0002-7415-5350 NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1073 EP 1080 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.0769 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 354KT UT WOS:000259639200004 PM 18774892 ER PT J AU Jagger, J Gomaa, AE Phillips, EK AF Jagger, Janine Gomaa, Ahmed E. Phillips, Elayne K. TI Safety of surgical personnel: a global concern SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID SURGERY C1 [Jagger, Janine; Phillips, Elayne K.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Gomaa, Ahmed E.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Jagger, J (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM jcj@virginia.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 372 IS 9644 BP 1149 EP 1149 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61478-6 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 355UN UT WOS:000259734700025 PM 18926275 ER PT J AU Friedman, MA Fleming, LE Fernandez, M Bienfang, P Schrank, K Dickey, R Bottein, MY Backer, L Ayyar, R Weisman, R Watkins, S Granade, R Reich, A AF Friedman, Melissa A. Fleming, Lora E. Fernandez, Mercedes Bienfang, Paul Schrank, Kathleen Dickey, Robert Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Backer, Lorraine Ayyar, Ram Weisman, Richard Watkins, Sharon Granade, Ray Reich, Andrew TI Ciguatera fish poisoning: Treatment, prevention and management SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Review DE ciguatera fish poisoning; ciguatoxin; harmful algal bloom (HAB); treatment human health; marine toxins ID COMMON-SOURCE OUTBREAK; STATES VIRGIN-ISLANDS; INDIAN-OCEAN; SYMPTOMATIC IMPROVEMENT; CARIBBEAN CIGUATOXINS; PACIFIC CIGUATOXIN-1; CLINICAL-FEATURES; BREVETOXINS; TOXINS; DISEASE AB Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is the most frequently reported seafood-toxin illness in the world, and it causes substantial physical and functional impact. It produces a myriad of gastrointestinal, neurologic and/or cardiovascular symptoms which last days to weeks, or even months. Although there are reports of symptom amelioration with some interventions ( e. g. IV mannitol), the appropriate treatment for CFP remains unclear to many physicians. We review the literature on the treatments for CFP, including randomized controlled studies and anecdotal reports. The article is intended to clarify treatment options, and provide information about management and prevention of CFP, for emergency room physicians, poison control information providers, other health care providers, and patients. C1 [Friedman, Melissa A.] Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Miami Beach, FL 33140 USA. [Friedman, Melissa A.; Fleming, Lora E.] NIEHS, NSF, Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Fernandez, Mercedes] Carlos Albizu Univ, Miami, FL 33172 USA. [Bienfang, Paul] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Schrank, Kathleen] Univ Miami, Dept Med, Jackson Mem Med Ctr, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Dickey, Robert; Granade, Ray] US FDA, Div Seafood Sci & Technol, Ctr Food Safety & Nutr, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Bottein, Marie-Yasmine] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Backer, Lorraine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ayyar, Ram] Univ Miami, Dept Neurol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Weisman, Richard] Florida Poison Informat Ctr, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Watkins, Sharon; Reich, Andrew] Florida Dept Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, Aquat Toxins Program, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Friedman, MA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, NSF, NIEHS,Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway,E Grosvenor Bldg,E211, Key Biscayne, FL 33149 USA. EM melissafried@yahoo.com FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF 0CE0432368]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [NIEHS P50 ES12736]; Florida Dept of Health Aquatic Toxins Program; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This publication was made possible through the National Science Foundation (NSF) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center for Oceans and Human Health (COHH) program at the University of Miami (NSF 0CE0432368; NIEHS P50 ES12736), as well as with funding from the Florida Dept of Health Aquatic Toxins Program and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 106 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 6 U2 35 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD SEP PY 2008 VL 6 IS 3 BP 456 EP 479 DI 10.3390/md20080022 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 354RO UT WOS:000259656900004 PM 19005579 ER PT J AU Hayes, DK Lukacs, SL Schoendorf, KC AF Hayes, Donald K. Lukacs, Susan L. Schoendorf, Kenneth C. TI Heterogeneity within Asian Subgroups: A Comparison of Birthweight Between Infants of US and Non-US Born Asian Indian and Chinese Mothers SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Low birthweight; Asian Indian; Chinese; Populations; Birth outcomes ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; UNITED-STATES; GESTATIONAL-AGE; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; PERINATAL OUTCOMES; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; CERTIFICATE DATA; WOMEN; AMERICANS; HEALTH AB Objectives Birthweight distributions and proportions of low birthweight (LBW) are commonly used to assess the health of populations. However, the "population'' is difficult to define due to differences by race, socioeconomic status, age distribution, and cultural identity. This study analyzes birth outcomes in two Asian subgroups to examine variation within the Asian population. Methods Analysis of the 1998-2003 National Center for Health Statistics' natality file for 293,211 singleton births in Asian Indian and Chinese mothers compared birthweight distributions, mean birthweights, proportions of very low birthweight (VLBW) and moderately low birthweight (MLBW) infants, and the influence of maternal nativity on these outcomes. A multiple logistic regression analysis, stratified by maternal nativity, was done to control for established confounders of maternal age, marital status, education, and parity. Results Maternal characteristics and birthweight distributions varied by race subgroup and nativity. Infants of Asian Indian mothers had a lower mean birthweight and higher proportions of VLBW and MLBW than Chinese. After controlling for differences in maternal characteristics, infants of US born Asian Indian mothers were more likely to be VLBW (AOR 1.87, 95% CI: 1.27-2.75) or MLBW (AOR 1.59, 1.39-1.82) than infants of US born Chinese mothers. Similarly, infants of non-US born Asian Indian mothers were more likely to be VLBW (AOR 2.13, 2.06-2.21) or MLBW (AOR 2.26, 2.18-2.35) then infants of non-US born Chinese mothers. Conclusions Our study demonstrates variation in birth outcomes by maternal race and nativity in two Asian subgroups. The heterogeneity within a single commonly used "population'' is likely not limited to these two Asian subgroups, but is probably applicable to many populations in the United States. Analyses should try to account for these differences to ensure a more accurate representation of various populations in the US. The difficulty of defining a population by race adds to the complexity of examining disparities in birth outcomes. C1 [Hayes, Donald K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lukacs, Susan L.; Schoendorf, Kenneth C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Hayes, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dhayes@cdc.gov; Slukacs@cdc.gov; kschoendorf@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 12 IS 5 BP 549 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0270-8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 361AB UT WOS:000260098800001 PM 17694426 ER PT J AU Cohen, MH Olszewski, Y Webber, MP Blaney, N Garcia, P Maupin, R Nesheim, S Agniel, D Danner, SP Lampe, MA Bulterys, M AF Cohen, Mardge H. Olszewski, Yolanda Webber, Mayris P. Blaney, Nancy Garcia, Patricia Maupin, Robert Nesheim, Steven Agniel, Denis Danner, Susan P. Lampe, Margaret A. Bulterys, Marc TI Women Identified with HIV at Labor and Delivery: Testing, Disclosing and Linking to Care Challenges SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HIV testing at delivery; Perinatal care; HIV rapid testing; HIV disclosure ID MOTHER-TO-CHILD; UNITED-STATES; PERINATAL HIV; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; PREVENTION; ZIDOVUDINE; THERAPY; COHORT; UGANDA AB Objective To determine if women with undocumented HIV status in late pregnancy or at labor and delivery who are rapidly tested and identified as HIV infected have high-risk behaviors and psychosocial obstacles hindering postpartum follow-up. Methods Consenting participants (women with undocumented HIV status and 24 weeks gestational age (GA) and imminent delivery or 34 weeks GA) in 6 cities were rapidly tested and interviewed. HIV-positive women were offered follow-up. Results From 2001-2005, 54 HIV-infected women were identified: median age 26 years; 91% African American; 11 (20%) lost custody of their infants; 30 (56%) knew they or their partner were HIV-infected, but had no antenatal HIV care; 25 met criteria for starting antiretroviral therapy. Comparison between 48 HIV-infected and 130 HIV-negative women, tested and interviewed at the same hospitals, showed HIV-infected women more likely to be African American (P < .01) and report no prenatal care (P < .001), use street drugs (P < .01), have unstable residency (P < .05), not live with the father of their infant (P < .001), and have children in foster care (P < .01). Sixteen women (30%) and 17 (31%) infants did not remain in follow-up study due to relocation, child protective custody, and psychosocial issues including frequent substance use. Conclusion Over half of HIV-infected women knew they or their partner were infected with HIV, but did not initially disclose their status. Increased support services and substance abuse treatment are critical to facilitate better continuity of care for these socially marginalized women. C1 [Cohen, Mardge H.] Stroger Hosp, CORE Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Stroger Hosp, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Cohen, Mardge H.] Rush Med Coll, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Webber, Mayris P.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Blaney, Nancy] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Garcia, Patricia] NW Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol, Chicago, IL USA. [Maupin, Robert] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Orleans, LA USA. [Nesheim, Steven] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Agniel, Denis] Loyola Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Danner, Susan P.; Lampe, Margaret A.; Bulterys, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cohen, MH (reprint author), Stroger Hosp, CORE Ctr, 2020 W Harrison, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM mcohen@corecenter.org FU PHS HHS [517715, U64/217724, 417719, 617734, 479935] NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 12 IS 5 BP 568 EP 576 DI 10.1007/s10995-007-0265-5 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 361AB UT WOS:000260098800003 PM 17929153 ER PT J AU Cooley, P Ganapathi, L Ghneim, G Holmberg, S Wheaton, W Hollingsworth, CR AF Cooley, Philip Ganapathi, Laxminarayana Ghneim, George Holmberg, Scott Wheaton, William Hollingsworth, Craig R. TI Using influenza-like illness data to reconstruct an influenza outbreak SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE validation; infectious disease models; influenza; influenza-like illness surveillance ID PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; STRATEGIES AB The objective of this study was to reconstruct the type A influenza epidemic that occurred in the Research Triangle Park (RTP) region of North Carolina during the 2003-04 flu season. We describe an agent-based influenza transmission model that uses Influenza-like Illness (ILI) data gathered from state agencies to estimate model parameters. The design of the model is similar to models represented in the literature that have been used to predict the impact of pandemic avian influenza in Southeast Asia and in the continental United States and to assess containment strategies. The focus of this model is to reconstruct a historical epidemic that left traces of its impact in the form of an ILI epidemic curve. In this context, the work assumes aspects of a curve fitting exercise. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cooley, Philip; Ganapathi, Laxminarayana; Wheaton, William; Hollingsworth, Craig R.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Holmberg, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis Prevent, NCHHSTP, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cooley, P (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM pcc@rti.org FU NIGMS NIH HHS [U01 GM070698-01] NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 929 EP 939 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2007.11.016 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 330NN UT WOS:000257950200023 PM 19122846 ER PT J AU Taplin, SH Haggstrom, D Jacobs, T Determan, A Granger, J Montalvo, W Snyder, WM Lockhart, S Calvo, A AF Taplin, Stephen H. Haggstrom, David Jacobs, Tracy Determan, Ada Granger, Jennifer Montalvo, Wanda Snyder, William M. Lockhart, Susan Calvo, Ahmed TI Implementing colorectal cancer screening in community health centers - Addressing cancer health disparities through a Regional Cancer Collaborative SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE colorectal cancer screening; quality improvement; health disparities ID CHRONIC CARE MODEL; INCREASE MAMMOGRAPHY USE; IMPROVING DIABETES CARE; SERVICES TASK-FORCE; CERVICAL-CANCER; QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; CHRONIC ILLNESS; BREAST; INTERVENTIONS; SYSTEM AB Background: The population served by Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) has lower levels of cancer screening compared with the general population and suffers a disproportionate cancer burden. To address these disparities, 3 federal agencies and a primary care association established and tested the feasibility of a Regional Cancer Collaborative (RCC) in 2005. Methods: RCC faculty implemented a learning model to improve cancer screening across 4 FQHCs that met explicit organizational readiness criteria. Regional faculty trained "care process leaders," who worked with primary care teams to plan and implement practice changes. FQHCs monitored progress across the following measures of screening implementation: self-management goal-setting; number and percent screened for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer; percent timely results notification; and percent abnormal screens evaluated within 90 days. Progress and plans were reviewed in regular teleconferences. FQHCs were encouraged to create local communities of practice (LCOP) involving community resources to support cancer screening and to participate in a monthly teleconference that linked the LCOPs into a regional community of practice. Summary reports and administrative data facilitated a process evaluation of the RCC. chi(2) test and test of trends compared baseline and follow-up screening rates. Results: The RCC taught the collaborative process using process leader training, teleconferences, 2 regional meetings, and local process improvement efforts. All organizations created clinical tracking capabilities and 3 of the 4 established LCOPs, which met monthly in an regional community of practice. Screening documentation increased for all 3 cancers from 2005 to 2007. Colorectal cancer screening increased from 8.6% to 21.2%. Conclusions: A regional plan to enable collaborative learning for cancer screening implementation is feasible, and improvements in screening rates can occur among carefully selected organizations. C1 [Taplin, Stephen H.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Haggstrom, David] Indiana Univ, Ctr Hlth Serv & Outcomes Res, Regenstrief Inst, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Haggstrom, David] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Geriatr, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Haggstrom, David] Indiana Univ, Ctr Canc, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Jacobs, Tracy] IHI, Cambridge, MA USA. [Determan, Ada; Calvo, Ahmed] HRSA, Rockville, MD USA. [Granger, Jennifer] CHCACT, Newington, CT USA. [Montalvo, Wanda] Community Hlth Ctr Assoc New York, New York, NY USA. [Snyder, William M.] Social Capital Grp, Cambridge, MA USA. [Lockhart, Susan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Taplin, SH (reprint author), 6130 Execut Blvd,MSC 7344, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM taplins@mail.nih.gov FU Inter-Agency-Agreement between HRSA; CDC FX Supported by an Inter-Agency-Agreement between HRSA and the CDC for support of the teams, faculty, and infrastructure; in-kind contributions from the National Cancer Institute for the time, travel, and activity of Dr. Taplin; from HRSA for the infrastructure of the internet based Knowledge Management System for sharing of insights and data as well as in kind contribution of staff time, travel, and activity of Dr Calvo and Ada Determan; and in kind support from CDC with regards to staff time,, travel, and activity of Dr. Susan Lockhart. NR 43 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 EI 1537-1948 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 SU 1 BP S74 EP S83 DI 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31817fdf68 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 344RR UT WOS:000258945500012 PM 18725837 ER PT J AU Steiner, AZ Baird, DD Kesner, JS AF Steiner, Anne Z. Baird, Donna D. Kesner, James S. TI Mother's menopausal age is associated with her daughter's early follicular phase urinary follicle-stimulating hormone level SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE follicle-stimulating hormone; menopause; maternal age at menopause ID PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; REPRODUCTIVE LIFE; WOMEN; RESERVE; PERIMENOPAUSE; VARIABILITY; POPULATION; TRANSITION; SMOKING AB Objective: Early follicular phase follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a marker of ovarian reserve, has been used to predict time to menopause. A mother's age at menopause is related to her daughter's age at menopause, possibly because of genetic factors. In this study we sought to determine the relationship between maternal age at menopause and early follicular phase FSH of premenopausal daughters. Design: The Uterine Fibroid Study enrolled women randomly selected from a prepaid health plan, collected questionnaire data, and obtained earl), follicular phase urine samples for a Subset of participants. For this secondary analysis, premenopausal women between the ages of 35 and 46 years, who provided a urine sample on cycle day 2, 3, 4, or 5 and their mother's age at natural menopause (n = 182) were selected from the original cohort. Initially bivariate analysis and subsequently regression modeling were performed to assess the independent relationship between maternal age at menopause and urinary creatinine-corrected FSH. Results: Unadjusted analyses and those adjusting for age (mean +/- SD, 405 +/- 3.2 y), smoking status (16% current smokers), and body mass index (26.8 +/- 6.9 kg/m(2)) showed a significant association between maternal age at menopause and daughter's urinary FSH level (P < 0.04). Women whose mothers experienced earlier menopause had higher urinary FSH levels. Conclusions: The significantly increased FSH values among women whose mothers experienced early menopause is consistent with previously reported associations between mother's and daughter's age of menopause. FSH, a marker of ovarian reserve, is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Future epidemiologic studies on FSH should include collection of information on maternal age at menopause. C1 [Steiner, Anne Z.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Baird, Donna D.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kesner, James S.] NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Steiner, AZ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, CB 7570,Old Clin Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM asteiner@med.unc.edu RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017 OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Office of Research on Minority Health; Reproductive Health Research Career Development Center [5K12 HD050113-02] FX This study was funded as intramural research at the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences with support from the Office of Research on Minority Health and by Women's Reproductive Health Research Career Development Center Grant 5K12 HD050113-02 at the University of North Carolina. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-3714 EI 1530-0374 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 BP 940 EP 944 DI 10.1097/gme.0b013e31816429e5 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 347BJ UT WOS:000259113500022 PM 18779679 ER PT J AU Robinson, R Davis, JD Krueger, M Gore, K Freed, MC Kuesters, P Dube, S Engel, CC AF Robinson, Ronnie Davis, Jamie D. Krueger, Mary Gore, Kristie Freed, Michael C. Kuesters, Phoebe Dube, Shanta Engel, Charles C. TI Acceptability of adverse childhood experiences questions for health surveillance in US armed forces SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; SEXUAL-ABUSE; FEMALE SOLDIERS; NAVY RECRUITS; RISK; ADULT; ATTRITION; TRAUMA; IMPACT; MALTREATMENT AB Background: Research has documented a consistent and strong association between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and negative health outcomes in adulthood. The Department of Defense is expanding health surveillance of military members and considering the inclusion of ACE questions. Objective: To explore the perceptions and attitudes of service members and spouses regarding the use of ACE questions in routine health surveillance. Method: Forty-one active duty service members and spouses were interviewed at two Army troop medical centers. Semistructured qualitative interviews were used to examine their views regarding the use of ACE questions in military health surveillance. Results: Participants believe there is value in health surveillance, however, they are cautious about providing ACE or other information that may be perceived negatively, without confidentiality reassurances. Conclusion: Successful employment of ACE questions in active duty military health surveillance will depend on the ability of military health officials to ensure confidentiality and to communicate the relevance of ACE to health status. C1 [Robinson, Ronnie; Davis, Jamie D.; Gore, Kristie; Freed, Michael C.; Kuesters, Phoebe; Engel, Charles C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, DHCC, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Krueger, Mary] Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Family Practice, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. [Gore, Kristie; Freed, Michael C.; Engel, Charles C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Dube, Shanta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Robinson, R (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, DHCC, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Room 3E01, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 173 IS 9 BP 853 EP 859 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 352YW UT WOS:000259534300005 PM 18816923 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Paddock, CD Bartlett, J Zaki, SR AF Guarner, Jeannette Paddock, Christopher D. Bartlett, Jeanine Zaki, Sherif R. TI Adrenal gland hemorrhage in patients with fatal bacterial infections SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adrenal; hemorrhage; bacteria; infections; immunohistochemistry; N. meningitides ID WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN-SYNDROME; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS; TISSUE; EHRLICHIOSIS; PATHOGENESIS; COAGULATION AB A wide spectrum of adrenal gland pathology is seen during bacterial infections. Hemorrhage is particularly associated with meningococcemia, while abscesses have been described with several neonatal infections. We studied adrenal gland histopathology of 65 patients with bacterial infections documented in a variety of tissues by using immunohistochemistry. The infections diagnosed included Neisseria meningitidies, group A streptococcus, Rickettsia rickettsii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Ehrlichia sp., Bacillus anthracis, Leptospira sp., Clostridium sp., Klebsiella sp., Legionella sp., Yersinia pestis, and Treponema pallidum. Bacteria were detected in the adrenal of 40 (61%) cases. Adrenal hemorrhage was present in 39 (60%) cases. Bacteria or bacterial antigens were observed in 31 (79%) of the cases with adrenal hemorrhage including 14 with N. meningitidis, four with R. rickettsii, four with S. pneumoniae, three with group A streptococcus, two with S. aureus, two with B. anthracis, one with T. pallidum, and one with Legionella sp. Bacterial antigens were observed in nine of 26 non-hemorrhagic adrenal glands that showed inflammatory foci ( four cases), edema ( two cases), congestion (two cases), or necrosis (one case). Hemorrhage is the most frequent adrenal gland pathology observed in fatal bacterial infections. Bacteria and bacterial antigens are frequently seen in adrenal glands with hemorrhage and may play a pathogenic role. Although N. meningitidis is the most frequent bacteria associated with adrenal gland pathology, a broad collection of bacteria can also cause adrenal lesions. C1 [Paddock, Christopher D.; Bartlett, Jeanine; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Egleston Hosp, 1405 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM Jeanette.Guarner@choa.org RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1113 EP 1120 DI 10.1038/modpathol.2008.98 PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 341LR UT WOS:000258716500007 PM 18500257 ER PT J AU Dement, JM Kuempel, ED Zumwalde, RD Smith, RJ Stayner, LT Loomis, D AF Dement, J. M. Kuempel, E. D. Zumwalde, R. D. Smith, R. J. Stayner, L. T. Loomis, D. TI Development of a fibre size-specific job-exposure matrix for airborne asbestos fibres SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS; COHORT MORTALITY; TEXTILE WORKERS; LUNG; DEPOSITION; GLASS; MESOTHELIOMA; RETENTION; INDUSTRY; RATS AB Objective: To develop a method for estimating fibre size-specific exposures to airborne asbestos dust for use in epidemiological investigations of exposure-response relations. Methods: Archived membrane filter samples collected at a Charleston, South Carolina asbestos textile plant during 1964-8 were analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine the bivariate diameter/length distribution of airborne fibres by plant operation. The protocol used for these analyses was based on the direct transfer method published by the International Standards Organization (ISO), modified to enhance fibre size determinations, especially for long fibres. Procedures to adjust standard phase contrast microscopy (PCM) fibre concentration measures using the TEM data in a job-exposure matrix (JEM) were developed in order to estimate fibre size-specific exposures. Results: A total of 84 airborne dust samples were used to measure diameter and length for over 18 000 fibres or fibre bundles. Consistent with previous studies, a small proportion of airborne fibres were longer than >5 mu m in length, but the proportion varied considerably by plant operation (range 6.9% to 20.8%). The bivariate diameter/length distribution of airborne fibres was expressed as the proportion of fibres in 20 size-specific cells and this distribution demonstrated a relatively high degree of variability by plant operation. PCM adjustment factors also varied substantially across plant operations. Conclusions: These data provide new information concerning the airborne fibre characteristics for a previously studied textile facility. The TEM data demonstrate that the vast majority of airborne fibres inhaled by the workers were shorter than 5 mm in length, and thus not included in the PCM-based fibre counts. The TEM data were used to develop a new fibre size-specific JEM for use in an updated cohort mortality study to investigate the role of fibre dimension in the development of asbestos-related lung diseases. C1 [Dement, J. M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Community & Family Med, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Kuempel, E. D.; Zumwalde, R. D.; Smith, R. J.] NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Stayner, L. T.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL USA. [Loomis, D.] Univ Nevada, Sch Publ Hlth, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Dement, JM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Community & Family Med, Div Occupat & Environm Med, 2200 W Main St,Suite 400, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM John.Dement@Duke.edu FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); [0000158283]; [R01 OH007803] FX The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) supported this research (purchase order number 0000158283 and grant number R01 OH007803). NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 9 BP 605 EP 612 DI 10.1136/oem.2007.033712 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 342KK UT WOS:000258782800008 PM 17984198 ER PT J AU Stayner, L Kuempel, E Gilbert, S Hein, M Dement, J AF Stayner, L. Kuempel, E. Gilbert, S. Hein, M. Dement, J. TI An epidemiological study of the role of chrysotile asbestos fibre dimensions in determining respiratory disease risk in exposed workers SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TEXTILE WORKERS; COHORT MORTALITY; EXPOSURES; RATS AB Background: Evidence from toxicological studies indicates that the risk of respiratory diseases varies with asbestos fibre length and width. However, there is a total lack of epidemiological evidence concerning this question. Methods: Data were obtained from a cohort mortality study of 3072 workers from an asbestos textile plant which was recently updated for vital status through 2001. A previously developed job exposure matrix based on phase contrast microscopy (PCM) was modified to provide fibre size-specific exposure estimates using data from a re-analysis of samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cox proportional hazards models were fit using alternative exposure metrics for single and multiple combinations of fibre length and diameter. Results: TEM-based cumulative exposure estimates were found to provide stronger predictions of asbestosis and lung cancer mortality than PCM-based estimates. Cumulative exposures based on individual fibre size-specific categories were all found to be highly statistically significant predictors of lung cancer and asbestosis. Both lung cancer and asbestosis were most strongly associated with exposure to thin fibres (<0.25 mu m). Longer (>10 mu m) fibres were found to be the strongest predictors of lung cancer, but an inconsistent pattern with fibre length was observed for asbestosis. Cumulative exposures were highly correlated across all fibre size categories in this cohort (0.28-0.99, p values <0.001), which complicates the interpretation of the study findings. Conclusions: Asbestos fibre dimension appears to be an important determinant of respiratory disease risk. Current PCM-based methods may underestimate asbestos exposures to the thinnest fibres, which were the strongest predictor of lung cancer or asbestosis mortality in this study. Additional studies are needed of other asbestos cohorts to further elucidate the role of fibre dimension and type. C1 [Stayner, L.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Kuempel, E.; Gilbert, S.; Hein, M.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Dement, J.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Community & Family Med, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Stayner, L (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, MC923,1603 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM lstayner@uic.edu FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [004-010-0000]; U. S. EPA FX This research was funded in part by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through Interagency Agreement (IA) # 004-010-0000. The investigators are particularly grateful to Dr Aparna Koppikar who has recently retired from the U. S. EPA for her support and encouragement of this study. The authors would also like to thank Drs Aparna Koppikar, Kyle Steenland and Margaret Quinn for their review and helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 25 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 9 BP 613 EP 619 DI 10.1136/oem.2007.035584 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 342KK UT WOS:000258782800009 PM 18096653 ER PT J AU von Oettingen, J Nath-Chowdhury, M Ward, BJ Rodloff, AC Arrowood, MJ Ndao, M AF von Oettingen, J. Nath-Chowdhury, M. Ward, B. J. Rodloff, A. C. Arrowood, M. J. Ndao, M. TI High-yield amplification of Cryptosporidium parvum in interferon gamma receptor knockout mice SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; interferon-gamma-receptor knock-out mouse; oocyst amplification ID CELL-FREE CULTURE; IN-VITRO; OOCYSTS; INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VIABILITY; SURVIVAL; FECES; MODEL; WATER AB To date, large-scale production of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts has only been achieved by amplification in neonatal calves and sheep. Many laboratories currently depend on supplies from external sources and store oocysts for prolonged periods which results in progressive loss of viability. Six to 8-week-old interferon gamma receptor knockout (IFN gamma R-KO) mice on a C57BL/6 background were inoculated by gavage (2000 oocysts/animal). Fecal pellets were collected daily from 7 days post-infection (p.i.) up to 2 weeks p.i. Intestinal oocyst yield was assessed at days 11, 12 and 14 p.i. by homogenization of intestinal tissues. Ether extraction and one or more NaCl flotations were used to Purify oocysts. Total recoveries averaged 2.6 x 10(6) oocysts/mouse from fecal material and 3.8 x 10(7) oocysts/mouse from intestinal tissues. Overall, 2.3 x 10(9) purified oocysts were obtained from 60 mice. Recovered oocysts were capable of sporulation and were shown to be infectious both ill vitro and ill vivo. Oocyst amplification was achieved in only 11-14 days with minimal expense. The simplicity of this method presents a practical alternative for the routine passage, maintenance and storage of C. parvum in biomedical laboratories. C1 [von Oettingen, J.; Nath-Chowdhury, M.; Ward, B. J.; Ndao, M.] McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Montreal Gen Hosp, Res Inst,Natl Reference Ctr Parasitol, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. [von Oettingen, J.; Rodloff, A. C.] Univ Leipzig, Inst Med Microbiol & Epidemiol Infect Dis, Leipzig, Germany. [Arrowood, M. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ndao, M (reprint author), McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Montreal Gen Hosp, Res Inst,Natl Reference Ctr Parasitol, Room R3-137,1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. EM momar.ndao@mail.mcgill.ca OI von Oettingen, Julia Elisabeth/0000-0003-0631-1435 FU Sandler Family Supporting Foundation FX The study was supported by the Sandler Family Supporting Foundation. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the McGill University Health Centre at the Montreal General Hospital. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD SEP PY 2008 VL 135 IS 10 BP 1151 EP 1156 DI 10.1017/S0031182008004757 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 354GH UT WOS:000259626400002 PM 18667105 ER PT J AU Wang, RJ Wang, JC Sun, MF Dang, HL Feng, YY Ning, CS Jian, FC Zhang, LX Xiao, LH AF Wang, Rongjun Wang, Jinchan Sun, Mingfei Dang, Hailiang Feng, Yaoyu Ning, Changshen Jian, Fuchun Zhang, Longxian Xiao, Lihua TI Molecular characterization of the Cryptosporidium cervine genotype from a sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck) in Zhengzhou, China and literature review SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SPP.; HUMANS; WATER; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; PARASITES; WILDLIFE; OOCYSTS; HEALTH; SHEEP AB A total of 124 fecal specimens were collected from four deer farms in Zhengzhou City, China and examined for Cryptosporidium by Sheather's sugar flotation technique. Cryptosporidim oocysts were detected in two 1-year-old sika deer, and one of the two specimens was genotyped by sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (18S rRNA), 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70), actin, and Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) genes. Results obtained suggested that the Cryptosporidium studied belonged to Cryptosporidium cervine genotype, although slight sequence differences were noticed at the three loci. The similarities between this isolate and other Cryptosporidium cervine genotype isolates were 99.1-99.8%, 9.8%, 99.7%, and 100% at the 18S rRNA, HSP70, actin, and COWP loci, respectively. This study is the first report of Cryptosporidium infection in sika deer in China. C1 [Wang, Rongjun; Wang, Jinchan; Sun, Mingfei; Dang, Hailiang; Ning, Changshen; Jian, Fuchun; Zhang, Longxian] Henan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. [Feng, Yaoyu] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resource & Environm Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zhang, LX (reprint author), Henan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. EM zhanglx8999@yahoo.com.cn; lax0@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Feng, Yaoyu/B-3076-2014 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 103 IS 4 BP 865 EP 869 DI 10.1007/s00436-008-1069-2 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 332BZ UT WOS:000258058100017 PM 18575889 ER PT J AU Sathyanarayana, S Calafat, A Karr, C Lozano, P Swan, S AF Sathyanarayana, Sheela Calafat, Antonia Karr, Catherine Lozano, Paula Swan, Shanna TI Baby products and phthalates - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID EXPOSURE; INFANTS C1 [Sathyanarayana, Sheela; Karr, Catherine; Lozano, Paula] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Calafat, Antonia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Karr, Catherine] Univ Washington, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Swan, Shanna] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Sathyanarayana, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 122 IS 3 BP 675 EP 675 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1621 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 342ZR UT WOS:000258822600028 ER PT J AU Marin, M Meissner, HC Seward, JF AF Marin, Mona Meissner, H. Cody Seward, Jane F. TI Varicella prevention in the United States: A review of successes and challenges SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE varicella; chickenpox; varicella epidemiology; varicella vaccine; varicella vaccination program ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; HERPES-ZOSTER; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CLINICAL-TRIALS; CARE-CENTER AB OBJECTIVE. In 1995, the United States was the first country to introduce a universal 1-dose childhood varicella vaccination program. In 2006, the US varicella vaccine policy was changed to a routine 2-dose childhood program, with catchup vaccination for older children. The objective of this review was to summarize the US experience with the 1-dose varicella vaccination program, present the evidence considered for the policy change, and outline future challenges of the program. METHODS. We conducted a review of publications identified by searching PubMed for the terms "varicella," "varicella vaccine," and "herpes zoster." The search was limited to US publications except for herpes zoster; we reviewed all published literature on herpes zoster incidence. RESULTS. A single dose of varicella vaccine was 80% to 85% effective in preventing disease of any severity and >95% effective in preventing severe varicella and had an excellent safety profile. The vaccination program reduced disease incidence by 57% to 90%, hospitalizations by 75% to 88%, deaths by >74%, and direct inpatient and outpatient medical expenditures by 74%. The decline of cases plateaued between 2003 and 2006, and outbreaks continued to occur, even among highly vaccinated school populations. Compared with children who received 1 dose, in 1 clinical trial, 2-dose vaccine recipients developed in a larger proportion antibody titers that were more likely to protect against breakthrough disease and had a 3.3-fold lower risk for breakthrough disease and higher vaccine efficacy. Two studies showed no increase in overall herpes zoster incidence, whereas 2 others showed an increase. CONCLUSIONS. A decade of varicella prevention in the United States has resulted in a dramatic decline in disease; however, even with high vaccination coverage, the effectiveness of 1 dose of vaccine did not generate sufficient population immunity to prevent community transmission. A 2-dose varicella vaccine schedule, therefore, was recommended for children in 2006. Data are inconclusive regarding an effect of the varicella vaccination program on herpes zoster epidemiology. C1 [Marin, Mona; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Meissner, H. Cody] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Marin, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmarin@cdc.gov NR 92 TC 109 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 122 IS 3 BP E744 EP E751 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-0567 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 342ZR UT WOS:000258822600083 PM 18762511 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Ham, SA Berrigan, D Ballard-Barbash, R AF Kruger, Judy Ham, Sandra A. Berrigan, David Ballard-Barbash, Rachel TI Prevalence of transportation and leisure walking among US adults SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE walking; physical activity; transportation ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Objective. This paper aims to contrast the demographic correlates of leisure and transportation walking. Methods. Using data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (n=31,482), this paper reports on the prevalence of transportation walking and leisure walking for U.S. adults and examines the variation in prevalence across different socio-demographic groups. The prevalence of transportation walking and leisure walking for U.S. adults (>= 5 days/week for >= 30 min/day) was calculated using data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey. Results. In the United States, 41.5% of adults walked for leisure and 28.2% walked for transportation in intervals of at least 10 min. The highest prevalence of transportation walking was among black non-Hispanic men (36.0%) and Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander women (40.5%). The highest prevalence of leisure walking was among Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander men (42.0%) and white non-Hispanic women (46.6%). Leisure walking was most prevalent among respondents with higher incomes and education levels, whereas transportation walking increased in prevalence with education level but decreased with income level. Based on the findings, 6% of U.S. adults were considered regularly active (>= 5 days/week for >= 30 min/day) by walking for transportation and 9% were regularly active by walking for leisure. Conclusion. Leisure and transportation walking have distinctly different demographic correlates. These differences should guide interventions aimed at influencing walking for different purposes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kruger, Judy; Ham, Sandra A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr, Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Berrigan, David; Ballard-Barbash, Rachel] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Appl Res Program, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr, Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ezk0@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.018 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 355MG UT WOS:000259712400018 PM 18445507 ER PT J AU Aditama, TY Pradono, J Rahman, K Warren, CW Jones, NR Asma, S Lee, J AF Aditama, Tjandra Y. Pradono, Julianty Rahman, Khalilul Warren, Charles W. Jones, Nathan R. Asma, Samira Lee, Juliette TI Linking global youth tobacco survey (GYTS) data to the WHO framework convention on tobacco control: The case for Indonesia SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adolescents; tobacco use; tobacco control AB Objectives. Indonesia has the fifth highest rate of annual cigarette consumption per person of all countries worldwide. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was developed to provide data on youth tobacco use to countries for their development of youth-based tobacco control programs. Data in this report can be used as baseline measures for future evaluation of the tobacco control program implemented by Indonesia's Ministry of Health. Methods. The 2006 Indonesia GYTS is a school-based survey that Included separate samples for Java and Sumatera, representing more than 84% of the population of Indonesia. Each sample used a two-stage cluster sample design that produced representative samples of students in secondary grades 1-3. which are associated with ages 13-15 years. Results. This report shows that more than 1 in 10 Students (12.6%) currently smoked cigarettes, with the prevalence among boys (24.5%) significantly higher than among girls (2.3%). Of the students who currently smoked, more than 7 in 10 (75.9%) reported that they desired to stop smoking, now. Regarding secondhand smoke exposure, more than 6 in 10 students (64.2%) reported that they were exposed to smoke from other people in their home during the week before the survey. More than 9 in 10 students (92.9%) had seen a lot of advertisements for cigarettes on billboards during the past month and more than 8 in 10 (82.8%) had seen a lot of advertisements for cigarettes in newspapers or in magazines. Conclusions. Tobacco control in Indonesia will likely not move forward until the government evaluates and strengthens existing laws, considers passing new strong laws, and develops protocols for enforcing all laws. The Indonesian government also should strongly consider accession to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. (C) 2008 Pan American Health Organization. C1 [Aditama, Tjandra Y.] Univ Indonesia, Fac Med, Dept Pulmonol & Resp Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Pradono, Julianty] Minist Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Rahman, Khalilul] WHO, New Delhi, India. [Warren, Charles W.; Jones, Nathan R.; Asma, Samira; Lee, Juliette] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aditama, TY (reprint author), Univ Indonesia, Fac Med, Dept Pulmonol & Resp Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. EM doctjand@indosat.net.id FU WHO SEARO; CDC Atlanta FX The authors would like to thank WHO SEARO and CDC Atlanta for financial support provided for this study. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 SU 1 BP S11 EP S14 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.05.003 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 357QF UT WOS:000259860500004 PM 18585772 ER PT J AU de Almeida, LM Cavalcante, TM Casado, L Fernandes, EM Warren, CW Peruga, A Jones, NR Hallal, ALC Asma, S Lee, J AF de Almeida, Liz Maria Cavalcante, Tania Maria Casado, Leticia Fernandes, Elaine Masson Warren, Charles Wick Peruga, Armando Jones, Nathan R. Curi Hallal, Ana Luiza Asma, Samira Lee, Juliette TI Linking global youth tobacco survey (GYTS) data to the WHO framework convention on tobacco control (FCTC): The case for Brazil SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tobacco use; youth; epidemiology; surveillance AB Objective. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Brazil was developed to provide data on Youth tobacco use to the National Tobacco Control Program. Method. The GY1 uses a standardized methodology for constructing sampling frames, selecting schools and classes, preparing questionnaires, carrying out field procedures, and processing data. The GYTS questionnaire is self-administered and includes questions about: initiation; prevalence; susceptibility; knowledge and attitudes; environmental tobacco smoke; cessation; media and advertising. SUDDAN and Epi-Info Software Were used for analysis. Weighted analysis was used in order to obtain percentages and 95% confidence intervals. Results. Twenty-three studies were carried out between 22002 and 2005 in Brazilian capitals: 2002 (9); 2003 (4.) 2004 (2) and 2005 (9). The total number Of Students was 22832. The prevalence rate among the cities varied from 6.2% (Joao Pessoa, 2002) to 17.7% (Porto Alegre, 2002). Conclusion. The tobacco use prevalence rates in 18 Brazilian cities show significant heterogeneity among the macro regions. Data in this report can be used to evaluate the efforts already done and also as baseline for evaluation of new steps for tobacco control in Brazil regarding the goals of the WHO FCTC. (C) 2007 Pan American Health Organization. C1 [de Almeida, Liz Maria; Cavalcante, Tania Maria; Casado, Leticia; Fernandes, Elaine Masson] Inst Nacl Canc, Div Epidemiol, BR-20231 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Warren, Charles Wick; Jones, Nathan R.; Asma, Samira; Lee, Juliette] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Peruga, Armando] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Curi Hallal, Ana Luiza] Secretaria Estado Saude Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. RP de Almeida, LM (reprint author), Inst Nacl Canc, Div Epidemiol, Rua Invalidos 212,3 Andar, BR-20231 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM lalmeida@inca.gov.br FU Pan American Health Organization; CDC/USA; OPAS; INCA/MS; the Brazilian State Health Secretaries FX This Study was partially Supported by a grant from Pan American Health Organization and CDC/USA. We also sincerely thank to the Brazilian State Health Secretaries, Brazilian State Education Secretaries, all the enrolled schools, teachers, students (and their parents) who contributed with many ways for the good result Of this survey.; Financial Support: CDC/USA; OPAS; INCA/MS and the Brazilian State Health Secretaries. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 SU 1 BP S4 EP S10 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.11.017 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 357QF UT WOS:000259860500003 PM 18206221 ER PT J AU Miguel-Baquilod, M Fishburn, B Warren, CW Jones, NR Asma, S AF Miguel-Baquilod, Marina Fishburn, Burke Warren, Charles W. Jones, Nathan R. Asma, Samira TI Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to the WHO framework convention on tobacco control (FCTC): The case for the Philippines SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adolescent; tobacco use; tobacco control AB Objectives. The purpose of this paper is to present data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) conducted in the Philippines in 2000 and 2003 which can be used as baseline measures to monitor provisions of the 2003 Tobacco Regulatory Act and Articles of the WHO FCTC. Methods. The GYTS is a school-based survey which uses a two-stage sample design to produce representative, independent, cross-sectional estimates. In both 2000 and 2003, the GYTS was conducted in three geographic zones in the Philippines. The zones are then combined to produce a representative national estimate each year. Data in this report are limited to Students aged 13-15 years. Results. The findings in this study show that in the Philippines changes Occurred between 2000 and 2003 In that: Students were less likely to smoke cigarettes or use other tobacco products, less likely to be exposed to SHS in public places, more likely to support bans on smoking in public places, more likely to have learned in school and from the media about the health hazards of tobacco use, and less likely to have been offered "free" cigarettes by a tobacco company representative. Conclusion. The synergy between the Philippines' leadership in passing the Clean Air Act in 1999 and the Tobacco Regulatory Air in 2003. In ratifying the WHO FCTC in 2005. and in supporting the conduct of the GYTS offers the Philippines a unique opportunity to develop, implement and evaluate the youth component of their comprehensive tobacco control policy that can be most helpful to the country. (C) 2008 Pan American Health Organization. C1 [Miguel-Baquilod, Marina] Dept Hlth, Natl Tobacco Control Team, Manila 1014, Philippines. [Miguel-Baquilod, Marina] Dept Hlth, Natl Epidemiol Ctr, Manila 1014, Philippines. [Fishburn, Burke] WHO, Western Pacific Regional Off, Special Focus Tobacco Initiat, Manila 1014, Philippines. [Warren, Charles W.; Jones, Nathan R.; Asma, Samira] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Miguel-Baquilod, M (reprint author), Dept Hlth, Natl Tobacco Control Team, Rizal Ave, Manila 1014, Philippines. EM marinab@doh.gov.com NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 SU 1 BP S27 EP S32 DI 10.1016/j.yprned.2008.02.009 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 357QF UT WOS:000259860500007 PM 18466963 ER PT J AU Saade, G Warren, CW Jones, NR Asma, S Mokdad, A AF Saade, Georges Warren, Charles W. Jones, Nathan R. Asma, Samira Mokdad, Ali TI Linking global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to the WHO framework convention on tobacco control (FCTC): The case for Lebanon SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE youth; tobacco; waterpipe "narguileh"; tobacco control AB Objectives. The purpose of this paper is to use data collected in the 2001 and 2005 Lebanon Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) to monitor articles in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). This information is necessary to enhance the capacity of the Ministry of Health and relevant organizations to design, implement, and evaluate tobacco control and prevention programs in Lebanon, especially among adolescents. Methods. The GYTS is a school-based survey which uses a two-stage sample design to produce representative, independent, cross-sectional estimates. The GYTS was conducted in 2001 and 2005 in Lebanon to produce representative national estimates. Data in this report are limited to students aged 13-15 years. In total, 5035 students from 50 schools participated in 2001; and 3341 students from 50 schools participated in 2005. Results. The data in this report show that, in 2005, 8.6% of the students currently smoked cigarettes, but 33.9% currently smoked narguileh. Half of current smokers wanted to stop smoking and 6 in 10 have tried to stop during the past year but have failed. In 2005, exposure to SHS at home (78.4%) and in public places (74.4%) was very high; while 85.2% thought smoking should be banned in public places. Nearly 9 in 10 students who usually buy their cigarettes in stores were not refused purchase because of their age. Overall, only half of the students in Lebanon reported that during the past school year they had been taught about the dangers of smoking. Conclusions. Data in this report can be used as baseline measures for future evaluation of the tobacco control programs implemented by the Ministry of Health with particular attention to youth. The key for the Lebanese parliament is to develop, endorse, implement and enforce these new tobacco control laws and use the data from GYTS to monitor progress toward achieving the goals of the WHO FCTC. One key component of tobacco control needs to be the monitoring of Narguileh use among youth, a new emergency. (C) 2008 Pan American Health Organization. C1 [Saade, Georges] WHO, Noncommunicable Dis Program, Beirut, Lebanon. [Warren, Charles W.; Jones, Nathan R.; Asma, Samira] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mokdad, Ali] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Saade, G (reprint author), WHO, Noncommunicable Dis Program, Beirut Off Glass Bldg,4th Floor,Museum Sq, Beirut, Lebanon. EM saadeg@leb.emro.who.int NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 SU 1 BP S15 EP S19 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.06.003 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 357QF UT WOS:000259860500005 PM 18590759 ER PT J AU Salgado, RV Shigematsu, LMR Avila, MH Peruga, A Hallal, ALC Warren, CW Jones, NR Asma, S Lee, J AF Valdes Salgado, Raydel Reynales Shigematsu, Luz Myriam Hernandez Avila, Mauricio Peruga, Armando Curi Hallal, Ana Luiza Warren, Charles W. Jones, Nathan R. Asma, Samira Lee, Juliette TI Linking global youth tobacco survey (GYTS) data to the WHO framework convention on tobacco control (FCTC): The case for Mexico SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tobacco; adolescents; smoking susceptibility; Mexico; GYTS; FCTC ID SMOKING AB Back-ground. The adoption of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in 2004 marked a critical achievement in efforts to stem the tobacco epidemic in Mexico. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) findings are useful for evaluating achievement of FCTC articles and designing tobacco control programs. Objective. To use data from the GYTS conducted in 21 Mexican cities between 2000 and 2005 to monitor Articles in the WHO FCTC. Methods. The GYTS uses a two-Stage cluster sample survey design that produces representative samples of students aged 13-15 years enrolled in public, private and technical schools. The survey was undertaken at 542 schools in 21 cities. The GYTS surveyed 43,950 students during 2000-2005. Results. The current smoking rate ranged from 10.7% to 29.4%. Among never smokers, susceptibility to initiate smoking ranged from 20.2% to 34.4%. Among current smokers, the percentage who bought their cigarettes in a store was above 40% in 6 cities, but significantly declined over five years in the only city with two assessments (Monterrey). Exposure to secondhand smoke in public places was greater than 50% in 15 of the 21 cities. Over 80% of students in all 21 cities reported that they saw of advertisements for cigarettes on billboards. Conclusion. Using determinants measured by GYTS in Mexico, the government can monitor the impact of enforcing various provisions of the National Health Law and the progress made in achieving the goals of the WHO FCTC and the Regional strategy. When these goals are met, tobacco consumption and exposure in Mexico will have declined substantially. (C) 2008 Pan American Health Organization. C1 [Valdes Salgado, Raydel] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Valdes Salgado, Raydel; Reynales Shigematsu, Luz Myriam; Hernandez Avila, Mauricio] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico. [Peruga, Armando] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Tobacco Free Initiat, Washington, DC USA. [Curi Hallal, Ana Luiza] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Tobacco Control & Consumers Hlth Team, Washington, DC USA. [Warren, Charles W.; Jones, Nathan R.; Asma, Samira; Lee, Juliette] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Salgado, RV (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St,Room W6501, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM rvaldes@jhsph.edu FU PAHO; the U.S. CDC; the Mexican National Institute of Public Health (INSP) FX GYTS in Mexico was possible thanks to the financial and logistic support from PAHO, the U.S. CDC and the Mexican National Institute of Public Health (INSP). In addition we acknowledge the valuable collaboration of the National Council of Addictions (CONADIC) and the 21 State Councils of Addictions, as well as the Ministry of Health in each city. The following researchers from the INSP conducted the field work: Raydel Valdes, Luisa Ma. Sanchez, Rene Lopez, Victor J Tovar, Luis AVazquez, Lea Kupul, Clara Hernandez and Socorro Reyna. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 SU 1 BP S20 EP S26 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.015 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 357QF UT WOS:000259860500006 ER PT J AU Viswanathan, B Warren, CW Jones, NR Asma, S Bovet, P AF Viswanathan, Bharathi Warren, Charles W. Jones, Nathan R. Asma, Samira Bovet, Pascal TI Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to the WHO framework convention on tobacco control (FCTC): The case for the Seychelles SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tobacco use; tobacco control; policy; surveillance; Seychelles; Africa ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; SMOKING; COUNTRY; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; DRINKING AB Tobacco control has been recognized as a main public health concern in Seychelles for the past two decades. Tobacco advertising, sponsoring and promotion has been banned for years, tobacco products are submitted to high taxes, high-profile awareness programs are organized regularly, and several other control measures have been implemented. The Republic of Seychelles was the first country to ratify the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in the African region. Three population-based surveys have been conducted in adults in Seychelles and results showed a substantial decrease in the prevalence of smoking among adults between 1989 and 2004. A first survey in adolescents was conducted in Seychelles in 2002 (the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, GYTS) in a representative sample of 1321 girls and boys aged 13-15 years. The results show that approximately half of students had tried smoking and a quarter of both boys and girls had smoked at least one cigarette during the past 30 days. Although "current smoking" is defined differently in adolescents I cigarette during the past 30 days) and in adults ( ! I cigarette per day), which precludes direct comparison, the high smoking prevalence in youth in Seychelles likely predicts an increasing prevalence of tobacco use in the next adult generation, particularly in women. GYTS 2002 also provides important data on a wide range of specific individual and societal factors influencing tobacco use. Hence, GYTS can be a powerful tool for monitoring the situation of tobacco use in adolescents, for highlighting the need for new policy and programs, and for evaluating the impact Of Current and future programs. (C) 2008 Pan American Health Organization. C1 [Viswanathan, Bharathi; Bovet, Pascal] Minist Hlth & Social Dev, Unit Prevent & Control Cardiovasc Dis, Victoria, Seychelles. [Warren, Charles W.; Jones, Nathan R.; Asma, Samira] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bovet, Pascal] Univ Hosp Ctr, Inst Social & Prevent Med IUMSP, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Bovet, Pascal] Univ Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Viswanathan, B (reprint author), Minist Hlth & Social Dev, Unit Prevent & Control Cardiovasc Dis, POB 52, Victoria, Seychelles. EM vbharathyy@hotmail.com RI Bovet, Pascal/F-4477-2011 OI Bovet, Pascal/0000-0002-0242-4259 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 SU 1 BP S33 EP S37 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.008 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 357QF UT WOS:000259860500008 PM 18329703 ER PT J AU Majer, M Welberg, LAM Capuron, L Miller, AH Pagnoni, G Reeves, WC AF Majer, Matthias Welberg, Leonie A. M. Capuron, Lucile Miller, Andrew H. Pagnoni, Giuseppe Reeves, William C. TI Neuropsychological performance in persons with chronic fatigue syndrome: Results from a population-based study SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chronic fatigue syndrome; neuropsychological impairment; psychomotor speed; working memory; depression; fatigue ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EXCISIONS; SPATIAL WORKING-MEMORY; BASAL GANGLIA; AMYGDALO-HIPPOCAMPECTOMY; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; INSPECTION TIME; MENTAL FATIGUE; SYNDROME CFS AB Objective: To examine the neuropsychological function characterized in subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) at the same time controlling for relevant confounding factors. CFS is associated with symptoms of neuropsychological dysfunction. Objective measures of neuropsychological performance have yielded inconsistent results possibly due to sample selection bias, diagnostic heterogeneity, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and medication usage. Method: CFS subjects (n = 58) and well controls (n = 104) from a population-based sample were evaluated, using standardized symptom severity criteria. Subjects who had major psychiatric disorders or took medications known to influence cognition were excluded. Neuropsychological function was measured using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Results: Compared with controls, CFS subjects exhibited significant decreases in motor speed as measured in the simple and five-choice movement segments of the CANTAB reaction time task. CFS subjects also exhibited alterations in working memory as manifested by a less efficient search strategy oil the spatial Working memory task, fewer % correct responses oil the spatial recognition task, and prolonged latency to a correct response Oil the pattern recognition task. A significantly higher percentage of CFS Subjects versus controls exhibited evidence of neuropsychological impairment (defined by performance I standard deviation below the CANTAB normative mean) in tasks of motor speed and spatial working memory. Impairment in CFS Subjects versus control subjects ranged front 20% versus 4.8% in five-choice movement time (p = .002) to 27.8% versus 10.6% in search strategy oil the spatial working memory task (p = .006). Conclusions: These results confirm and quantify alterations in motor speed and working memory in CFS subjects independent of comorbid psychiatric disease and medication usage. C1 [Reeves, William C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Majer, Matthias; Welberg, Leonie A. M.; Capuron, Lucile; Miller, Andrew H.; Pagnoni, Giuseppe] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wcrl@cdc.gov RI Pagnoni, Giuseppe/F-3398-2015 OI Pagnoni, Giuseppe/0000-0002-8272-8091 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The study was fully funded by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 67 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 70 IS 7 BP 829 EP 836 DI 10.1097/PSY.0013e31817b9793 PG 8 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 350LC UT WOS:000259352900011 PM 18606722 ER PT J AU Wilkins, K Nsubuga, P Mendlein, J Mercer, D Pappaioanou, M AF Wilkins, K. Nsubuga, P. Mendlein, J. Mercer, D. Pappaioanou, M. TI The Data for Decision Making project: assessment of surveillance systems in developing countries to improve access to public health information SO PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Health information system; Decision making; Surveillance AB Objective: By using timely, high-quality information, ministries of health can identify and address priority health problems in their populations more effectively and efficiently. The Data for Decision Making (DDM) project developed a conceptual model for a data-driven health system. This model included a systematic methodology for assessing access to information to be used as a basis for improvement in national health surveillance systems. Study design and methods: The DDM surveillance assessment methodology was applied to six systems in five countries by staff from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ministry of health personnel at national, regional, district and local levels were interviewed using either informal conversation or an interview guide approach, and their methods for collecting and using data were reviewed. Attributes of timeliness, accuracy, simplicity, flexibility, acceptability and usefulness were examined. Problems and their underlying causes were identified. Results: The problems preventing decision makers from having access to information are many and complex. The assessments identified no fewer than eight problem areas that impeded decision makers' access to information. The most common deficiencies were concerning the design of the system, ongoing training of personnel and dissemination of data from the system. Conclusions: To improve the availability of information to public health decision makers, it is recommended that: (a) surveillance system improvement begins with a thorough evaluation of existing systems using approaches outlined by the CDC and the Health Metric Network of the World Health Organization; (b) evaluations be designed to identify specific causes of these deficiencies; (c) interventions for improving systems be directly linked to results of the evaluations; and (d) efforts to improve surveillance systems include sustained attention to underlying issues of training and staff support. The assessment tool presented in this report can be used to facilitate this process. (C) 2007 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilkins, K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nsubuga, P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mendlein, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wilkins, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kxw2@cdc.gov RI Alkhalawi, Mohammed/C-6111-2012 FU United States Agency for International Development [936-5991] FX The Data for Decision Making project was funded by the United States Agency for International Development under Project Number 936-5991. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0033-3506 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH JI Public Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 122 IS 9 BP 914 EP 922 DI 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.11.002 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362PS UT WOS:000260210200013 PM 18490035 ER PT J AU Richter, P Pechacek, T AF Richter, Patricia Pechacek, Terry TI Reducing toxic chemical levels in cigarette smoke - Respond SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Letter ID YIELDS C1 [Richter, Patricia; Pechacek, Terry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Richter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 123 IS 5 BP 553 EP 553 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 337KJ UT WOS:000258434700006 ER PT J AU Allen, AM Dietz, PM Tong, VT England, L Prince, CB AF Allen, Alicia M. Dietz, Patricia M. Tong, Van T. England, Lucinda Prince, Cheryl B. TI Prenatal smoking prevalence ascertained from two population-based data sources: Birth certificates and PRAMS questionnaires, 2004 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL SMOKING; SELF-REPORTS; PREGNANCY; RELIABILITY; VALIDATION; COTININE AB Objectives. This study provided a population-based estimate of the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy by combining information from two data sources: birth certificates (BCs) and a self-administered questionnaire. Methods. We analyzed data from 39,345 women who delivered live births in one of 24 states and responded to a questionnaire from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), an ongoing, state- and population-based surveillance system. We compared prevalence of smoking during pregnancy based on the BC, the PRAMS questionnaire, and the two data sources combined. Data were weighted to represent all women delivering live births in each of the 24 states during 2004. Results. The combined estimate indicated that 15.1% of women reported smoking during pregnancy, whereas the BCs alone reported 10.4% and the PRAMS questionnaires alone reported 13.4%. Conclusions. Based on the combined BC and PRAMS questionnaire data, the number of infants exposed to tobacco in-utero may be 31% higher than is currently reported on the BCs. Combining the data from the two different sources led to higher ascertainment of prenatal smoking. C1 [Allen, Alicia M.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Tobacco Use Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Allen, Alicia M.; Dietz, Patricia M.; Tong, Van T.; England, Lucinda; Prince, Cheryl B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Allen, AM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Tobacco Use Res Ctr, 2701 Univ Ave SE,Ste 201, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. EM alle0299@umn.edu NR 19 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 123 IS 5 BP 586 EP 592 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 337KJ UT WOS:000258434700012 PM 18828413 ER PT J AU Harrison, KM Kajese, T Hall, HI Song, RG AF Harrison, Kathleen Mcdavid Kajese, Tebitha Hall, H. Irene Song, Ruiguang TI Risk factor redistribution of the national HIV/AIDS surveillance data: An alternative approach SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; EPIDEMIC AB Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess an alternative statistical approach-multiple imputation-to risk factor redistribution in the national human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance system as a way to adjust for missing risk factor information. Methods. We used an approximate model incorporating random variation to impute values for missing risk factors for HIV and AIDS cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2004. The process was repeated M times to generate M datasets. We combined results from the datasets to compute an overall multiple imputation estimate and standard error (SE), and then compared results from multiple imputation and from risk factor redistribution. Variables in the imputation models were age at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, type of facility where diagnosis was made, region of residence, national origin, CD-4 T-lymphocyte cell count within six months of diagnosis, and reporting year. Results. In HIV data, male-to-male sexual contact accounted for 67.3% of cases by risk factor redistribution and 70.4% (SE=0.45) by multiple imputation. Also among males, injection drug use (IDU) accounted for 11.6% and 10.8% (SE=0.34), and high-risk heterosexual contact for 15.1% and 13.0% (SE=0.34) by risk factor redistribution and multiple imputation, respectively. Among females, IDU accounted for 18.2% and 17.9% (SE=0.61), and high-risk heterosexual contact for 80.8% and 80.9% (SE=0.63) by risk factor redistribution and multiple imputation, respectively. Conclusions. Because multiple imputation produces less biased subgroup estimates and offers objectivity and a semiautomated approach, we suggest consideration of its use in adjusting for missing risk factor information. C1 [Harrison, Kathleen Mcdavid; Hall, H. Irene; Song, Ruiguang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preve, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kajese, Tebitha] Business Comp Applicat Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Harrison, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preve, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, MS E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM KMcDavid@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 123 IS 5 BP 618 EP 627 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 337KJ UT WOS:000258434700016 PM 18828417 ER PT J AU Schafer, SD Drach, LL Hedberg, K Kohn, MA AF Schafer, Sean D. Drach, Linda L. Hedberg, Katrina Kohn, Melvin A. TI Using diagnostic codes to screen for intimate partner violence in Oregon emergency departments and hospitals SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; WOMEN; SURVEILLANCE AB Objectives. Many of the 2.5 million Americans assaulted annually by intimate partners seek medical care. This project evaluated diagnostic codes indicative of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Oregon hospital and emergency department (ED) records to determine predictive value positive (PVP), sensitivity, and usefulness in routine surveillance. Statewide incidence of care for IPV was calculated and victims and episodes characterized. Methods. The study was a review of medical records assigned >= 1 diagnostic codes thought predictive of lPV Sensitivity was estimated by comparing the number of confirmed victims identified with the number predicted by statewide telephone survey. Patients were aged >= 12 years, treated in any of 58 EDs or hospitals in Oregon during 2000, and discharged with one of three primary or 12 provisional codes suggestive of IPV Outcome measures were number of victims detected, PPV and sensitivity of codes for detection of IPV, and description of victims. Results. Of 58 hospitals, 52 (90%) provided records. Case finding using primary codes identified 639 victims, 23% of all estimated female victims seen in EDs or hospitalized statewide. PVP was 94% (639/677). Provisional codes increased sensitivity (51%) but reduced PVP (50%). Highest incidence occurred in women aged 20-39 years, and those who were black. Hospitalizations were highest among women aged >= 50 years, black people, or those with comorbid illness. Conclusions. Three diagnostic codes used for case finding detect approximately one-quarter of ED- and hospital-treated victims, complement surveys, and facilitate description of injured victims. C1 [Schafer, Sean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Drach, Linda L.] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Program Design & Evaluat, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA. [Hedberg, Katrina] Oregon Dept Human Serv, HIV STD TB Program, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Acute & Communicable Dis Program, Portland, OR USA. [Kohn, Melvin A.] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Oregon State Publ Hlth Div, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA. RP Schafer, SD (reprint author), Off Dis Prevent, HIV STD TB Program, 800 NE Oregon St,St 1105, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM scan.schafer@state.or.us FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Cooperative Agreement IPV Surveillance [U17/CCU019413] FX The authors thank LeAnne Mederios, Program Manager of the Oregon Intimate Violence Program, who oversaw day-to-day operation of intimate violence surveillance from 2000 to 2005; Mal-gal-Cl Rhulin, Medical Records Consultant, who abstracted all medical record data; and Lisa Millet, Injury Prevention and Epidemiology Section Manager at the Oregon Department of Human Services, who provided comments oil the article.; The Oregon IPV Surveillance Project was funded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cooperative Agreement IPV Surveillance U17/CCU019413. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 123 IS 5 BP 628 EP 635 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 337KJ UT WOS:000258434700017 PM 18828418 ER PT J AU Battaglia, MP Link, MW Frankel, MR Osborn, L Mokdad, AH AF Battaglia, Michael P. Link, Michael W. Frankel, Martin R. Osborn, Larry Mokdad, Ali H. TI An evaluation of respondent selection methods for household mail surveys SO PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB Mail surveys are a staple of the survey industry; however, they are rarely used in surveys of the general population. The problem is twofold: (1) lack of a complete sampling frame of households and (2) difficulties with ensuring random selection of a respondent within the household. However, advances in electronic record keeping, such as the U.S. Postal Service Delivery Sequence File, now make it possible to sample from a frame of residential addresses. Unfortunately, less is known about the effectiveness of within-household selection techniques for household mail surveys. A six-state pilot study was conducted as part of the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System using the Delivery Sequence File to sample addresses for a mail survey. The pilot study tested three respondent selection methods: any adult, adult with the next birthday, and all adults. The next-birthday and all-adults methods yielded household-level response rates that were comparable to the any-adult method, the method assumed to have the least respondent burden. At the respondent level, however, the response rate for the all-adults method was lower when we accounted for within-household nonresponse. C1 [Battaglia, Michael P.] ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Link, Michael W.] Nielsen Media Res, Marietta, GA 30062 USA. [Frankel, Martin R.] CUNY, Baruch Coll, Cos Cob, CT 06807 USA. [Osborn, Larry] ABT Associates Inc, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Battaglia, MP (reprint author), ABT Associates Inc, 55Wheeler St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mike_battaglia@abtassoc.com NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0033-362X J9 PUBLIC OPIN QUART JI Public Opin. Q. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 459 EP 469 DI 10.1093/poq/nfn026 PG 11 WC Communication; Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Communication; Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 348JI UT WOS:000259206400004 ER PT J AU Lee, EH Corcino, M Moore, A Garib, Z Pena, C Sanchez, J Fernandez, J Feris-Iglesias, JM Flannery, B AF Lee, Ellen H. Corcino, Miriam Moore, Arelis Garib, Zacarias Pena, Chabela Sanchez, Jacqueline Fernandez, Josefina Feris-Iglesias, Jesus M. Flannery, Brendan TI Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine on bacterial meningitis in the Dominican Republic SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine; bacterial meningitis; immunization; Dominican Republic ID ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION; EFFICACY; AMERICA; DISEASE AB Objectives. Widespread use of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines has dramatically reduced the burden of Hib disease throughout the Americas. Few studies have evaluated the impact of Hib vaccination on non-culture-confirmed disease. This study analyzed trends in probable bacterial meningitis before and after the introduction of Hib vaccine in the Dominican Republic and estimated vaccine effectiveness against Hib meningitis. Methods. Meningitis cases among children < 5 years of age were identified from admission records of the main pediatric hospital in Santo Domingo during 1998-2004. Laboratory criteria were used to classify meningitis cases with probable bacterial etiology; confirmed cases had positive bacterial culture or antigen detection in cerebrospinal fluid. Cumulative incidence rates of confirmed and probable bacterial meningitis were calculated for children living in the National District. Confirmed cases of Hib meningitis were enrolled in a case-control study with age- and neighborhood-matched control children to calculate vaccine effectiveness. Results. Before vaccine introduction, annual rates of meningitis with probable bacterial etiology were 49 cases per 100 000 children < 5 years old; Hib accounted for 60% of confirmed bacterial cases. During 2002-2004, after vaccine introduction, annual rates of probable bacterial meningitis were 65% lower at 16 cases per 100 000, and Hib accounted for 26% of confirmed cases. Rates of Hib meningitis and probable bacterial meningitis with no determined etiology declined by 13 and 17 cases per 100 000, respectively. Conclusions. Introduction of Hib vaccine substantially reduced the incidence of confirmed and probable bacterial meningitis in the Dominican Republic. The estimated impact of Hib vaccination was twice as great when non-culture-confirmed disease was included. C1 [Lee, Ellen H.; Flannery, Brendan] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lee, Ellen H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Corcino, Miriam; Moore, Arelis; Garib, Zacarias] Secretaria Estado Salud Publ & Asistencia Soc, Program Ampliado Immunizac, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. [Pena, Chabela; Sanchez, Jacqueline; Fernandez, Josefina; Feris-Iglesias, Jesus M.] Clin Infantil Dr Robert Reid Cabral, Dept Enfermedades Infecciosas1, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. RP Lee, EH (reprint author), 238 Clinton St,Unit F, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM ellelee@hotmail.com NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1590/S1020-49892008000900002 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 361ZR UT WOS:000260168500002 PM 19115543 ER PT J AU Parry, C Petersen, P Carney, T Dewing, S Needle, R AF Parry, Charles Petersen, Petal Carney, Tara Dewing, Sarah Needle, Richard TI Rapid assessment of drug use and sexual HIV risk patterns among vulnerable drug-using populations in Cape Town, Durban and Pretoria, South Africa SO SAHARA J-JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ASPECTS OF HIV-AIDS LA English DT Article DE Drug use; sexual risk behaviour; HIV/AIDS; South Africa AB This exploratory study examines the links between drug use and high-risk sexual practices and HIV in vulnerable drug-using populations in South Africa, including commercial sex workers (CSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDUs) and non-injecting drug users who are not CSWs or MSM (NIDUs). A rapid assessment ethnographic study was undertaken using observation, mapping, key informant interviews and focus groups in known 'hotspots' for drug use and sexual risk in Cape Town, Durban and Pretoria. Key informant (KI) and focus group interviews involved drug users and service providers. Purposeful snowball sampling and street intercepts were used to recruit drug users. Outcome measures included drug-related sexual HIV risk behaviour, and risk behaviour related to injection drug Use, as well as issues related to service use. HIV testing of drug-using KIs was conducted using the SmartCheck Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Test. Non-injection drug use (mainly cannabis, methaqualone, crack cocaine and crystal methamphetamine) and injection drug use (mainly heroin) was occurring in these cities. Drug users report selling sex for money to buy drug, and CSWs used drugs before, during and after sex. Most (70%) of the drug-using KIs offered HIV testing accepted and 28% were positive, with rates highest among CSWs and MSM. IDUs reported engaging in needle sharing and needle disposal practices that put them and others at risk for contracting HIV. There was a widespread lack of awareness about where to access HIV treatment and preventive services, and numerous barriers to accessing appropriate HIV and drug-intervention services were reported. Multiple risk behaviours of vulnerable Populations and lack of access to HIV prevention services could accelerate the diffusion of HIV Targeted interventions could play an important role in limiting the spread of HIV in and through these under-reached and vulnerable populations. C1 [Parry, Charles; Petersen, Petal] S African MRC, ADARU, Parowvallei, South Africa. [Parry, Charles] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Psychiat, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Needle, Richard] Ctr Dis Control, Vulnerable Populat Project, GAP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parry, C (reprint author), S African MRC, ADARU, Parowvallei, South Africa. EM cparry@mrc.ac.za RI Parry, Charles/A-2906-2009 OI Parry, Charles/0000-0001-9787-2785 FU SBRP NIH HHS [P0 S-SF750-06-M-0781] NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU SA MEDICAL ASSOC HEALTH & MEDICAL PUBL GROUP PI CLAREMONT PA 21 DREYER ST, 4TH FLOOR, SANCLARE BLDG, CLAREMONT, 7700, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1729-0376 J9 SAHARA J-J SOC ASP H JI Sahara J-J. Soc. Asp. HIV/AIDS PD SEP PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 370IL UT WOS:000260755800002 PM 18979044 ER PT J AU Mckinney, CM Klingler, EJ Paneth-Pollak, R Schillinger, JA Gwynn, RC Frieden, TR AF Mckinney, Christy M. Klingler, Ellen J. Paneth-Pollak, Rachel Schillinger, Julia A. Gwynn, R. Charon Frieden, Thomas R. TI Prevalence of adult male circumcision in the general population and a population at increased risk for HIV/AIDS in New York City SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; HIV PREVENTION; MEN; HEALTH; INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; UGANDA; RAKAI; SEX C1 [Klingler, Ellen J.; Paneth-Pollak, Rachel; Schillinger, Julia A.; Frieden, Thomas R.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Schillinger, Julia A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gwynn, R. Charon] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Mckinney, Christy M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Houston Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Mckinney, CM (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas Reg Campus,5323 Harry Hines Blvd,V8-112, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM christy.mckinney@utsouthwestern.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 9 BP 814 EP 817 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318175d899 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 346DB UT WOS:000259047500008 PM 18562986 ER PT J AU Behets, FM Turner, AN Van Damme, K Rabenja, NL Ravelomanana, N Swezey, TA Bell, AJ Newman, DR Williams, DL Jamieson, DJ AF Behets, Frieda M. Turner, Abigail Norris Van Damme, Kathleen Rabenja, Ny Lovaniaina Ravelomanana, Noro Swezey, Teresa A. Bell, April J. Newman, Daniel R. Williams, D'Nyce L. Jamieson, Denise J. CA MAD STI Prevention Grp TI Vaginal microbicide and diaphragm use for sexually transmitted infection prevention: A randomized acceptability and feasibility study among high-risk women in Madagascar SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CANDIDATE TOPICAL MICROBICIDES; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; PHASE-I SAFETY; SEX WORKERS; HIV PREVENTION; MOUSE MODEL; GEL; ACIDFORM; TRIAL; BIOADHESIVE AB Background: In preparation for a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we conducted a pilot RCT of the acceptability and feasibility of diaphragm.,; and candidate vaginal microbicide for sexually transmitted infection prevention among high-risk women in Madagascar. Methods: Participants were randomized to four arms: (1) diaphragm (worn continuously) with Acidform (TM) applied in the dome; (2) diaphragm (worn continuously) with placebo gel hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) in the dome; (3) HEC applied intravaginally before sex; (4) Acidform applied intravaginally before sex. All women were given condoms. Participants were followed weekly for 4 weeks. We fit unadjusted negative binomial regression models with robust variance estimators to generate the proportion of sex acts with casual partners where condoms and experimental study products were used. Results: Retention was 98% among 192 participants. Experimental product use with casual partners was high, reported in 85%, 91%. 74%, and 81% of sex acts for women in the Acidform-diaphragm, HEC-diaphragm, HEC-alone, and Acidform-alone arms, respectively. However, the proportion reporting product use during 100% of acts with casual partners over the full follow-up period was much lower: 28% to 29% in the gel-diaphragm arms and 6% to 10% in gel-alone arms. Women used condoms in 62% to 67% of sex acts with casual partners, depending on the randomization arm. Participants found diaphragms easy to insert (97%) and remove (96%). Acidform users (with or without the diaphragm) reported more genitourinary symptoms than HEC users (14% vs. 5% of visits). Conclusions: A sexually transmitted infection prevention RCT of candidate microbicide with and without the diaphragm appears acceptable and feasible in this population. C1 [Behets, Frieda M.; Turner, Abigail Norris; Van Damme, Kathleen; Swezey, Teresa A.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Behets, Frieda M.; Van Damme, Kathleen] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Van Damme, Kathleen; Rabenja, Ny Lovaniaina; Ravelomanana, Noro] UNC, MAD, Antananarivo, Madagascar. [Bell, April J.; Newman, Daniel R.; Jamieson, Denise J.] United States Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Williams, D'Nyce L.] CONRAD, Arlington, VA USA. RP Behets, FM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, McGavran Greenberg CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM frieda_behets@unc.edu RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 9 BP 818 EP 826 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318175d8ab PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 346DB UT WOS:000259047500009 PM 18562985 ER PT J AU Anderson, M Elam, G Gerver, S Solarin, I Fenton, K Easterbrook, P AF Anderson, Moji Elam, Gillian Gerver, Sarah Solarin, Ijeoma Fenton, Kevin Easterbrook, Philippa TI HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: Accounts of HIV-positive Caribbean people in the United Kingdom SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; stigma; discrimination; Caribbean; UK; black ID AIDS-RELATED STIGMA; WOMEN; LONDON; INFECTION; AFRICANS; JAMAICA; DISTRESS; SYMPATHY; SUPPORT; ISSUES AB This paper explores the effects of HIV/AIDS- related stigma and discrimination (HASD) on HIV-positive Caribbean people in the Caribbean and the UK. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were held with a purposively selected group of 25 HIV-positive people of Caribbean origin, using primary selection criteria of sex, age, sexuality and country of birth. Interviews with respondents revealed that they are keenly aware of the stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS, which some attribute to a particularly Caribbean combination of fear of contamination, homophobia, and ignorance, reinforced by religious beliefs. In fact, religion serves a double role: underpinning stigma and assisting in coping with HIV. HASID has usually occurred where respondents have lost or do not have control over disclosure. Compared to UK-born respondents, the accounts of Caribbean-born respondents, most of whom were born in Jamaica, include more reports of severe HASD, particularly violence and employment discrimination. All respondents mobilise a variety of strategies in order to avoid HASID, which have implications for their social interactions and emotional well being. While some manage to avoid the "spoiled identity" of the stigmatised, thereby creating their own understandings of HIV infection, these may remain individual-level negotiations. HASD affects HIV-positive Caribbean people at home and in the diaspora in a variety of ways: emotionally, mentally, financially, socially and physically. Interventions specifically addressing stigma and discrimination must be formulated for the UK's Caribbean population. Tackling stigma and discrimination requires more than education; it requires "cultural work" to address deeply entrenched notions of sexuality. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, Moji] Univ W Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [Elam, Gillian] UCL, Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV Res, London, England. [Gerver, Sarah; Solarin, Ijeoma; Easterbrook, Philippa] Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Fenton, Kevin] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, M (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. EM moji.anderson@uwimona.edu.jm; gillian@qualitativeresearch.co.uk; sarah.gerver@kcl.ac.uk; ijeoma.solarin@kcl.ac.uk; kif2@cdc.gov; philippa.easterbrook@kci.ac.uk FU Medical Research Council [, G0200585] NR 43 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 67 IS 5 BP 790 EP 798 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.05.003 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 347TO UT WOS:000259164200010 PM 18565635 ER PT J AU Bhat, VM Cole, JW Sorkin, JD Wozniak, MA Malarcher, AM Giles, WH Stern, BJ Kittner, SJ AF Bhat, Viveca M. Cole, John W. Sorkin, John D. Wozniak, Marcella A. Malarcher, Ann M. Giles, Wayne H. Stern, Barney J. Kittner, Steven J. TI Dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of ischemic stroke in young women SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE stroke; women; smoking ID MALE BRITISH DOCTORS; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ADULTS; CESSATION; MORTALITY; DISEASE AB Background and Purpose-Although cigarette smoking is known to be a risk factor for ischemic stroke, there are few data on the dose-response relationship between smoking and stroke risk in a young ethnically diverse population. Methods-We used data from the Stroke Prevention in Young Women Study, a population-based case-control study of risk factors for ischemic stroke in women aged 15 to 49 years to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and ischemic stroke. Historical data, including smoking history, was obtained through standardized interviews. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using logistic regression. Cases (n = 466) were women with stroke in the greater Baltimore-Washington area, and controls (n = 604) were women free of a stroke history identified by random digit dialing. Results-After multivariable adjustment, the OR comparing current smokers to never smokers was 2.6 (P < 0.0001); no difference in stroke risk was observed between former smokers and never smokers. Adjusted OR increased with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day (OR 2.2 for 1 to 10 cigs/d; 2.5 for 11 to 20 cigs/d; 4.3 for 21 to 39 cigs/d; 9.1 for 40 or more cigs/d). Conclusion-These results suggest a strong dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and ischemic stroke risk in young women and reinforce the need for aggressive smoking cessation efforts in young adults. C1 [Bhat, Viveca M.; Cole, John W.; Wozniak, Marcella A.; Stern, Barney J.; Kittner, Steven J.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Cole, John W.; Kittner, Steven J.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Cole, John W.; Kittner, Steven J.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Sorkin, John D.; Kittner, Steven J.] Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Baltimore, MD USA. [Sorkin, John D.] Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Claude D Pepper Older Amer Independence Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Cole, John W.; Kittner, Steven J.] Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Res Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. [Malarcher, Ann M.; Giles, Wayne H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cole, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Bressler Bldg,Room 12-006,655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM jcole@som.umaryland.edu FU Office of Research and Development; Medical Research Service; Research Enhancement Award Program in Stroke; Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center; Baltimore VAMC Center for Excellence in Robotics; Department of Veterans Affairs; American Heart Association [0665352U]; Cardiovascular Health Branch; Division of Adult and Community Health,; Centers for Disease Control; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); NIH Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) [R01 NS45012]; National Institute on Aging (NIA) Pepper Center [P60 12583]; University of Maryland General Clinical Research Center; General Clinical Research Centers Program; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); NIH [M01 RR 165001]; University of Maryland FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the Office of Research and Development, the Medical Research Service and the Research Enhancement Award Program in Stroke, the Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and the Baltimore VAMC Center for Excellence in Robotics, Department of Veterans Affairs; the American Heart Association (Grant 0665352U); a Cooperative Agreement with the Cardiovascular Health Branch, Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control; the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) (Grant R01 NS45012); the National Institute on Aging (NIA) Pepper Center (Grant P60 12583); the University of Maryland General Clinical Research Center, General Clinical Research Centers Program, National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), NIH ( Grant M01 RR 165001); and the Clinical Nutrition Research Unit of the University of Maryland. NR 32 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD SEP PY 2008 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2439 EP 2443 DI 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.510073 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 341PP UT WOS:000258727000006 PM 18703815 ER PT J AU Polzin, GM Zhang, L Hearn, BA Tavakoli, AD Vaughan, C Ding, YS Ashley, DL Watson, CH AF Polzin, G. M. Zhang, L. Hearn, B. A. Tavakoli, A. D. Vaughan, C. Ding, Y. S. Ashley, D. L. Watson, C. H. TI Effect of charcoal-containing cigarette filters on gas phase volatile organic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID LUNG-CANCER RISK; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NICOTINE; EXPOSURE; TOBACCO; JAPAN; TAR AB Of the chemicals identified to date in mainstream cigarette smoke with known toxicological properties, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered the most hazardous group owing to their high abundance and toxicity. In this research we evaluate a recently introduced line of cigarettes that contain charcoal in their filters. The amount of charcoal in these filters ranged from 45 mg to 180 mg and were either dispersed among the filter material or contained in a small cavity in the filter segment. Charcoal has long been used for removing VOCs from both water and air. Our findings indicate that these cigarettes reduce machine generated mainstream smoke deliveries of a wide range of VOCs compared to a similar, non-charcoal filtered, cigarette. However, this reduction is dependent not only on the amount of charcoal present but also on the volume of smoke being drawn through the filter. While a brand with 45 mg charcoal reduces VOC delivery under ISO smoking conditions, charcoal saturation and breakthrough occur under more intense smoking conditions. Breakthrough is minimised for brands with the most charcoal. Overall, the brands with the most charcoal are effective at reducing VOC deliveries under even intense smoking conditions. C1 [Polzin, G. M.; Zhang, L.; Hearn, B. A.; Tavakoli, A. D.; Vaughan, C.; Ding, Y. S.; Ashley, D. L.; Watson, C. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Polzin, GM (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GPolzin@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD SEP PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 BP I10 EP I16 DI 10.1136/tc.2007.022517 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 345DT UT WOS:000258977000003 PM 18768454 ER PT J AU Faroon, O Roney, N Taylor, J Ashizawa, A Lumpkin, MH Plewak, DJ AF Faroon, O. Roney, N. Taylor, J. Ashizawa, A. Lumpkin, M. H. Plewak, D. J. TI Acrolein environmental levels and potential for human exposure SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE acrolein; analytical methods; emissions; environmental fate; public health; regulations ID THERMAL-DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; PROTEIN-BOUND ACROLEIN; TOBACCO-SMOKE; ALPHA,BETA-UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES; CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; COMBUSTION PRODUCTS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB This article provides environmental information on acrolein including environmental fate, potential for human exposure, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations and advisories. Acrolein may be released to the environment in emissions and effluents from its manufacturing and use facilities, in emissions from combustion processes (including cigarette smoking and combustion of petrochemical fuels), from direct application to water and waste water as a slimicide and aquatic herbicide, as a photooxidation product of various hydrocarbon pollutants found in air (including propylene and 1,3-butadiene), and from land disposal of some organic waste materials. Acrolein is a reactive compound and is unstable in the environment. The general population may be exposed to acrolein through inhalation of contaminated air and through ingestion of certain foods. Important sources of acrolein exposure are via inhalation of tobacco smoke and environmental tobacco smoke and via the overheating of fats contained in all living matter. There is potential for exposure to acrolein in many occupational settings as the result of its varied uses and its formation during the combustion and pyrolysis of materials such as wood, petrochemical fuels, and plastics. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2008; 24: 543-564. C1 [Faroon, O.; Roney, N.; Taylor, J.; Ashizawa, A.] Div Toxicol & Environm Med, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lumpkin, M. H.; Plewak, D. J.] Syracuse Res Corp, N Syracuse, NY USA. RP Faroon, O (reprint author), Div Toxicol & Environm Med, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. EM oxs0@CDC.GOV NR 138 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 22 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 EI 1477-0393 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 8 BP 543 EP 564 DI 10.1177/0748233708098124 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 392HE UT WOS:000262293000006 PM 19039083 ER PT J AU Jett, P Cantey, P Hand, S Currier, M Montgomery, SP AF Jett, P. Cantey, P. Hand, S. Currier, M. Montgomery, S. P. TI Chagas disease in Mississippi: Investigation of suspected autochthonous infections in the United States SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks and TXPO CY OCT 04-07, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 [Jett, P.] Mississippi Blood Serv, Jackson, MS USA. [Currier, M.] Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. [Montgomery, S. P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 SU S BP 16A EP 16A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 347CO UT WOS:000259118400047 ER PT J AU Yuan, BZ Chapman, JA Reynolds, SH AF Yuan, Bao-Zhu Chapman, Joshua A. Reynolds, Steven H. TI Proteasome Inhibitor MG132 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Invasion of Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells SO TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; MCL-1; RECEPTOR; FAMILY; DIFFERENTIATION; PROLIFERATION; DEGRADATION; ACTIVATION; INDUCTION; MIGRATION AB Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy tightly associated with asbestos exposure. The increasing incidence of MPM and its resistance to all therapeutic modalities necessitate an urgent development of new treatments for MPM. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) have emerged as promising agents for treating human cancers that are refractory to current chemotherapies. In this study, we characterized MG132, a commonly used PI, for its proapoptotic and anti-invasion activities in NCI-H2452 and NCI-H2052 human thoracic MPM cell lines to determine the therapeutic effect of PIs on MPM. We found that as low as 0.5 mu M MG132 caused a significant apoptosis in both cell lines as evidenced by DNA damage, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase and caspases 3, 7, and 9, and mitochondrial release of Smac/DIABLO and Cytochrome c. Mitochondrial caspase activation was found to be the underlying mechanism of the MG132-induced apoptosis. Mcl-1, among the Bcl-2 and IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis protein) antiapoptotic family proteins tested, was proved to be a major inhibitor of the MG132-induced apoptosis in MPM cells. Meanwhile, subapoptotic doses of MG132 inhibited the invasion of both MPM cell lines through reducing Rac1 activity. These observations demonstrate that MG132 possesses proapoptotic and anti-invasion activities in human MPM cells, therefore encouraging further investigations on the value of PIs for treating MPM. C1 [Yuan, Bao-Zhu; Chapman, Joshua A.; Reynolds, Steven H.] NIOSH, Mol Genet Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Yuan, BZ (reprint author), NIOSH, Mol Genet Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S L-3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM bby1@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEOPLASIA PRESS PI ANN ARBOR PA 1150 W MEDICAL CENTER DR, MSRB III, RM 9303, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-0648 USA SN 1936-5233 J9 TRANSL ONCOL JI Transl. Oncol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1593/tlo.08133 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 528SN UT WOS:000272467200003 PM 18795123 ER PT J AU Baili, P Micheli, A De Angelis, R Weir, HK Francisci, S Santaquilani, M Hakulinen, T Quaresma, M Coleman, MP AF Baili, Paolo Micheli, Andrea De Angelis, Roberta Weir, Hannah K. Francisci, Silvia Santaquilani, Mariano Hakulinen, Timo Quaresma, Manuela Coleman, Michel P. CA CONCORD Working Grp TI Life tables for world-wide comparison of relative survival for cancer (CONCORD study) SO TUMORI LA English DT Article DE CONCORD; life tables; mortality; relative survival AB Background. The CONCORD study compares population-based relative survival from cancer using data from cancer registries in five continents. To estimate relative survival, general mortality life tables are required. Available statistics are incomplete, so various approaches are used to construct complete life tables. This article outlines how the life tables were constructed for CONCORD; it compares life expectancy at birth between 101 populations covered by cancer registries in 31 countries and compares the impact of two approaches to the deployment of life tables in relative survival analysis. Methods. The CONCORD approach, using specific mathematical methods, produced complete (single-year-of-age) life tables by sex, cancer registry area, calendar year (1990-1999) and race (only in the USA). In order to study the impact of different approaches, we compared relative Survival in the USA using the US national life table, centered on the relevant census years, and the CONCORD approach. We estimated relative survival in each American participating cancer registry for patients diagnosed with breast (women), colorectal or prostate cancer during 1990-1994 and followed up to 1999. Results. Average life expectancy at birth during 1990-1999 varied in CONCORD cancer registry areas from 64 to 78 years in males and from 71 to 84 years in females. It increased during the 1990s more in men than in women. In the USA, it was lower in blacks than in whites. Relative survival in American Populations was lower with the CONCORD approach, which incorporates trends and geographic variation in background mortality, than with the USA census life tables. Conclusions. International variation in background mortality by geographic area, calendar time, race, age and sex is wide. We suggest that in international comparisons of cancer relative survival, complete life tables that are specific for cancer registry area, calendar year and race should be used. C1 [Baili, Paolo; Micheli, Andrea] Fdn IRCCS Ist Nazl Tumori, Descript Epidemiol & Hlth Planning Unit, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [De Angelis, Roberta; Francisci, Silvia; Santaquilani, Mariano] Ist Super Sanita, Natl Ctr Epidemiol Surveillance & Hlth Promot, Canc Epidemiol Unit, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Weir, Hannah K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hakulinen, Timo] Finnish Canc Registry, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland. [Quaresma, Manuela; Coleman, Michel P.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Non Communicable Dis Epidemiol Unit, Canc Res UK Canc Survival Grp, London WC1, England. RP Baili, P (reprint author), Fdn IRCCS Ist Nazl Tumori, Descript Epidemiol & Hlth Planning Unit, Via Venezian 1, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM lifetable@istitutotumori.mi.it RI Guzzinati, Stefano/K-4987-2012; Ciccolallo, Laura/F-5653-2014; SANCHEZ-PEREZ, MARIA JOSE/D-1087-2011; Rahu, Mati/A-9981-2008; Baili, Paolo/J-7422-2016; Santaquilani, Mariano/K-4433-2016; Gatta, Gemma/B-8627-2017; Tagliabue, Giovanna /D-4194-2017; Sant, Milena/D-2362-2017; Contiero, Paolo/F-6721-2016 OI Giles, Graham/0000-0003-4946-9099; Coleman, Michel/0000-0001-8940-3807; Micheli, Andrea/0000-0002-4558-4754; SANCHEZ-PEREZ, MARIA JOSE/0000-0003-4817-0757; Baili, Paolo/0000-0003-0335-2418; Santaquilani, Mariano/0000-0002-9123-654X; Gatta, Gemma/0000-0003-4160-6458; Tagliabue, Giovanna /0000-0001-8165-5524; Sant, Milena/0000-0002-4148-8597; Contiero, Paolo/0000-0001-6760-3605 FU EUROCHIP-3 (European Cancer Health Indicator Project); European Commission; Cancer Research UK [C1336/A5735] FX We are grateful for financial support from EUROCHIP-3 (European Cancer Health Indicator Project), funded by the Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General of the European Commission. The Cancer Survival Group in the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has been funded by Cancer Research UK (grant no. C1336/A5735). NR 21 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU PENSIERO SCIENTIFICO EDITOR PI ROME PA VIA BRADANO 3/C, 00199 ROME, ITALY SN 0300-8916 J9 TUMORI JI Tumori PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 94 IS 5 BP 658 EP 668 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 374LN UT WOS:000261045000003 PM 19112937 ER PT J AU Whittington, D Suraratdecha, C Poulos, C Ainsworth, M Prabhu, V Tangcharoensathien, V AF Whittington, Dale Suraratdecha, Chutima Poulos, Christine Ainsworth, Martha Prabhu, Vimalanand Tangcharoensathien, Viroj TI Household demand for preventive HIV/AIDS vaccines in thailand: Do husbands' and wives' preferences differ? SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Article DE AIDS; contingent valuation method; HIV; intrahousehold allocation; Thailand; vaccine demand; willingness to pay ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; PRIVATE DEMAND AB Objectives: The aims of this study were to estimate household demand in the general population of Thailand for a (hypothetical) preventive HIV vaccine; to determine whether spouses in the same household would purchase the same number of vaccines for household members and have the same demand function; to determine whether spouses would allocate vaccines to the same household members; and to estimate household and per capita average willingness to pay (WTP) for an HIV vaccine price. Methods: The data come from a national contingent valuation survey of 2524 residents (aged 18-20 years) of 1235 households in Thailand during the period 2000 to 2001. In a subsample of 561 households, both head of household and spouse completed independent (separate) interviews. Respondents were asked whether they would purchase an HIV vaccine for themselves and for other household members if one were available at a specified price. Results: For the full sample, average household WTP for the vaccine was substantial (US$610 at 50% vaccine effectiveness, US$671 at 95% effectiveness); the average per capita WTP for household members was US$220 at 50% effectiveness and US$242 at 95% effectiveness. Although spouses reported that they would purchase the same total number of vaccines, and had essentially the same demand functions, at lower vaccine prices wives were significantly more likely than husbands to allocate vaccines to their daughters than to sons. Conclusions: Because wives are more likely to allocate vaccines to daughters, vaccination programs aimed at women and girls might have different outcomes than programs directed at males or at all potential adults without regard to sex. C1 [Whittington, Dale] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Suraratdecha, Chutima] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [Poulos, Christine] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ainsworth, Martha] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Prabhu, Vimalanand] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tangcharoensathien, Viroj] Minist Publ Hlth, Int Hlth Policy Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Whittington, D (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Dale_Whittington@unc.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 11 IS 5 BP 965 EP 974 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00312.x PG 10 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 352VZ UT WOS:000259526800020 PM 18194396 ER PT J AU Fulhorst, CF Cajimat, MNB Milazzo, ML Paredes, H de Manzione, NMC Salas, RA Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG AF Fulhorst, Charles F. Cajimat, Maria N. B. Milazzo, Mary Louise Paredes, Hector de Manzione, Nuris M. C. Salas, Rosa A. Rollin, Pierre E. Ksiazek, Thomas G. TI Genetic diversity between and within the arenavirus species indigenous to western Venezuela SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arenaviridae; Guanarito virus; Pirital virus; Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever; arenaviral hemorrhagic fever; passive antibody therapy ID ARGENTINE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; GUANARITO VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FAMILY ARENAVIRIDAE; CROSS-REACTIVITY; RODENT RESERVOIR; PIRITAL VIRUS; IMMUNE PLASMA; RECOMBINATION AB The results of analyses of Z, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, glycoprotein precursor, and nucleocapsid protein gene sequence data suggested that Guanarito virus was the most common cause of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever in a 7-year period in the 1990s and that the evolution of Pirital virus in association with Sigmodon alstoni (Alston's cotton rat) has occurred at a significantly higher rate than the evolution of Guanarito virus in association with Zygodontomys brevicauda (short-tailed cane mouse) oil the plains of western Venezuela. The results of analyses of the primary structures of the glycoproteins of the 8 strains of Guanarito virus isolated from humans suggested that these strains would be highly cross-reactive in neutralization assays. Thus, passive antibody therapy may prove beneficial in the treatment of human disease Caused by strains of Guanarito virus that are enzootic in the region in which Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever is endemic. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fulhorst, Charles F.; Milazzo, Mary Louise] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Cajimat, Maria N. B.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Microbiol & Immunol Grad Program, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Paredes, Hector; de Manzione, Nuris M. C.] Ctr Invest Virosis Hemorrag & Enfermedades Transm, Sector La Colonia Parte Alta, Guanare, Estado Portugue, Venezuela. [Salas, Rosa A.] Inst Nacl Higiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Venezuela. [Rollin, Pierre E.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fulhorst, CF (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM cfulhors@utmb.edu; mnbcajimat@yahoo.com; mamilazz@utmb.edu; hparedes484@hotmail.corn; salasros@carec.paho.org; pyr3@cdc.gov; tgk0@cdc.gov FU National Institutes of Health [AI-53428]; Presidential Leave Award FX Guanarito virus strain S-56764 was acquired from Robert B. Tesh (World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston). Natalie A. Prow (University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston) assisted with the genetic characterization of the viruses. This work was financially supported by National Institutes of Health grant AI-53428, entitled "Rapid, accurate diagnostic assays for arenaviral infections". A Presidential Leave Award from John D. Stobo (President, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston) provided salary for Charles F. Fulhorst while he worked on this study at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 378 IS 2 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.05.014 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 340FN UT WOS:000258631600002 PM 18586298 ER PT J AU Kuzmin, IV Wu, XF Tordo, N Rupprecht, CE AF Kuzmin, Ivan V. Wu, Xianfu Tordo, Noel Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Complete genomes of Aravan, Khujand, Irkut and West Caucasian bat viruses, with special attention to the polymerase gene and non-coding regions SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lyssavirus; Aravan virus; Khujand virus; Irkut virus; West Caucasian bat virus; complete genome ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; G(NS)-L INTERGENIC REGION; STRAND RNA VIRUSES; RABIES VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; METHYLTRANSFERASE DOMAIN; LYSSAVIRUS GENUS; MESSENGER-RNA; MOSAIC-VIRUS AB The purpose of this study was to generate complete genome sequences of Aravan (ARAV), Khujand (KHUV), Irkut (IRKV) and West Caucasian bat (WCBV) viruses, and to compare them with genomes of other lyssaviruses. We focused on RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (L) and non-coding regions, because other genes of these viruses have been described previously. The L protein is organized into six conserved blocks (I-VI), previously detected in all Mononegavirales. Furthermore, lyssaviruses have two additional conserved regions, L1 and L2, located in the COOH part of the L L1 may be responsible for methylation of viral mRNA cap structures, whereas the significance of L2 is unclear. Phylogenetic patterns based on the L are similar to those described for the nucleoprotein. The WCBV is the most divergent member of the genus. Besides phylogeny, it has a short trailer region (57 nucleotides versus 69-70 nucleotides in other lyssaviruses) and different intergenic region lengths, including an exceptionally long non-coding region of the glycoprotein (697 nucleotides) containing a potential open reading frame of 180 nucleotides. The absence of a flanking transcription initiation signal, as well as Northern and Western blot data, suggests that this region is not independently transcribed but is a part of G mRNA. (c) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kuzmin, Ivan V.; Wu, Xianfu; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tordo, Noel] Inst Pasteur, Unit Antiviral Strategies, Dept Virol, F-75724 Paris 15, France. RP Kuzmin, IV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ibk3@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 40 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.04.021 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 331JS UT WOS:000258009100011 PM 18514350 ER PT J AU Guilamo-Ramos, V Bouris, AM Dittus, P Jaccard, J AF Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent Bouris, Alida M. Dittus, Patricia Jaccard, James TI Mother-adolescent communication about tobacco use in urban Puerto Rican and Dominican families SO YOUTH & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE parent-adolescent communication; Latino families; tobacco; cigarette smoking; urban ID HISPANIC MIGRANT ADOLESCENTS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PARENTAL INFLUENCES; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; RESEARCH AGENDA; LATINO YOUTH; ALCOHOL-USE; PREDICTORS; CHILDREN; PEER AB Research on parent-adolescent communication about cigarette smoking in Latino families remains relatively scarce. This dearth of information is worrisome given the high rates of tobacco use among Latino adolescents and the large burden borne by adult Latinos in smoking-related morbidity and mortality. This study presents qualitative data on parent-adolescent communication about cigarette smoking in a sample of urban Latino families. The authors conducted 12 focus groups with 40 Puerto Rican and Dominican mother-adolescent dyads (N = 80) residing in the Bronx community of New York. The findings indicate that the mothers were comfortable discussing smoking-related issues with their children. Adolescents expressed a desire to discuss tobacco-related issues with their mothers, although some feared parental punishment. The results highlight a gap in parental knowledge and efficacy regarding social influences to smoke. Results are discussed in the context of developing focused interventions aimed at reducing cigarette smoking among Latino youth. C1 [Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent; Bouris, Alida M.] Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Dittus, Patricia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dittus, Patricia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jaccard, James] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Guilamo-Ramos, V (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Bowyer, Jade/H-1930-2012 NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0044-118X J9 YOUTH SOC JI Youth Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 86 EP 113 DI 10.1177/0044118X07308072 PG 28 WC Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Social Issues; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 337DQ UT WOS:000258416100004 ER PT J AU Anuwatnonthakate, A Limsomboon, P Nateniyom, S Wattanaamornkiat, W Komsakorn, S Moolphate, S Chiengsorn, N Kaewsa-ard, S Sombat, P Siangphoe, U Mock, PA Varma, JK AF Anuwatnonthakate, Amornrat Limsomboon, Pranom Nateniyom, Sriprapa Wattanaamornkiat, Wanpen Komsakorn, Sittijate Moolphate, Saiyud Chiengsorn, Navarat Kaewsa-ard, Samroui Sombat, Potjaman Siangphoe, Umaporn Mock, Philip A. Varma, Jay K. TI Directly Observed Therapy and Improved Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in Thailand SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that tuberculosis (TB) patients receive directly observed therapy (DOT). Randomized controlled trials have not consistently shown that this practice improves TB treatment success rates. In Thailand, one of 22 WHO-designated high burden TB countries, patients may have TB treatment observed by a health care worker (HCW), family member, or no one. We studied whether DOT improved TB treatment outcomes in a prospective, observational cohort. Methods and Findings: We prospectively collected epidemiologic data about TB patients treated at public and private facilities in four provinces in Thailand and the national infectious diseases hospital from 2004-2006. Public health staff recorded the type of observed therapy that patients received during the first two months of TB treatment. We limited our analysis to pulmonary TB patients never previously treated for TB and not known to have multidrug-resistant TB. We analyzed the proportion of patients still on treatment at the end of two months and with treatment success at the end of treatment according to DOT type. We used propensity score analysis to control for factors associated with DOT and treatment outcome. Of 8,031 patients eligible for analysis, 24% received HCW DOT, 59% family DOT, and 18% self-administered therapy (SAT). Smear-positive TB was diagnosed in 63%, and 21% were HIV-infected. Of patients either on treatment or that defaulted at two months, 1601/1636 (98%) patients that received HCW DOT remained on treatment at two months compared with 1096/1268 (86%) patients that received SAT (adjusted OR [aOR] 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-6.0) and 3782/3987 (95%) patients that received family DOT (aOR 2.1; CI, 1.4-3.1). Of patients that had treatment success or that defaulted at the end of treatment, 1369/1477 (93%) patients that received HCW DOT completed treatment compared with 744/1074 (69%) patients that received SAT (aOR 3.3; CI, 2.4-4.5) and 3130/3529 (89%) patients that received family DOT (aOR 1.5; 1.2-1.9). The benefit of HCW DOT compared with SAT was similar, but smaller, when comparing patients with treatment success to those with death, default, or failure. Conclusions: In Thailand, two months of DOT was associated with lower odds of default during treatment. The magnitude of benefit was greater for DOT provided by a HCW compared with a family member. Thailand should consider increasing its use of HCW DOT during TB treatment. C1 [Anuwatnonthakate, Amornrat; Sombat, Potjaman; Siangphoe, Umaporn; Mock, Philip A.; Varma, Jay K.] Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Limsomboon, Pranom] Phuket Provincial Publ Hlth Office, Phuket, Thailand. [Nateniyom, Sriprapa] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Wattanaamornkiat, Wanpen] Office Dis Prevent & Control 7, Ubon ratchathani, Thailand. [Komsakorn, Sittijate] Chiang Rai Provincial Publ Hlth Office, Chiang Rai, Thailand. [Moolphate, Saiyud] Res Inst Tuberculosis, Tokyo, Japan. [Chiengsorn, Navarat] Bangkok Metropolitan Hlth Admin, Bangkok, Thailand. [Kaewsa-ard, Samroui] Bamrasnaradura Inst, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Anuwatnonthakate, A (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. EM jvarma@cdc.gov FU United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. CDC); United States Agency for International Development 2 (USAID) FX This project was supported by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. CDC) and United States Agency for International Development 2 (USAID). Some authors from this publication are employed by the U.S. CDC. USAID was not involved in the design, analysis, or writing of this manuscript. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 28 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 8 AR e3089 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003089 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 427RO UT WOS:000264796600008 PM 18769479 ER PT J AU Bailey, W Barker, L Duchon, K Maas, W AF Bailey, W. Barker, L. Duchon, K. Maas, W. TI Populations receiving optimally fluoridated public drinking water - United States, 1992- 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR vol 57, pg 737-741, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CARIES C1 [Bailey, W.; Barker, L.; Duchon, K.; Maas, W.] CDC, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bailey, W (reprint author), CDC, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 27 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 8 BP 892 EP 894 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 341AR UT WOS:000258687100009 ER PT J AU DiGirolamo, AM Manninen, DL Cohen, JH Shealy, KR Murphy, PE MacGowan, CA Sharma, AJ Scanlon, KS Grummer-Strawn, LM Dee, DL AF DiGirolamo, A. M. Manninen, D. L. Cohen, J. H. Shealy, K. R. Murphy, P. E. MacGowan, C. A. Sharma, A. J. Scanlon, K. S. Grummer-Strawn, L. M. Dee, D. L. TI Breastfeeding-related maternity practices at hospitals and birth centers - United States, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR vol 57, pg 621-625, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [DiGirolamo, A. M.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Manninen, D. L.; Cohen, J. H.] Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. [Shealy, K. R.; Murphy, P. E.; MacGowan, C. A.; Sharma, A. J.; Scanlon, K. S.; Grummer-Strawn, L. M.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dee, D. L.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP DiGirolamo, AM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 27 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 8 BP 894 EP 899 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 341AR UT WOS:000258687100010 ER PT J AU Bartlett, JG Branson, BM Fenton, K Hauschild, BC Miller, V Mayer, KH AF Bartlett, John G. Branson, Bernard M. Fenton, Kevin Hauschild, Benjamin C. Miller, Veronica Mayer, Kenneth H. TI Opt-out testing for human immunodeficiency virus in the United States - Progress and challenges SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; HIV-INFECTION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; RISK; DIAGNOSIS; HEALTH; CARE; EXCEPTIONALISM AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) has recommended human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) testing for all persons aged 13 to 64 years in all health care settings. Signed consent would not be required and counseling with referral would be managed as it is for other serious conditions. The goal of the recommendations is to promote earlier entry into care to reduce unnecessary mortality and facilitate prevention by behavioral changes that accompany knowledge of serostatus. Concerns about the change include laws in some states that mandate signed consent and counseling, a perception that counseling is an effective prevention strategy, variability in payment coverage for the test, concerns about the stigma and discrimination that may accompany the HIV diagnosis, and the possibility that other testing policies would be more effective. Eleven of 16 states have changed legislation to reduce barriers to testing, 35 of 74 national professional societies have endorsed the new recommendations, and multiple demonstration projects have shown feasibility. Metrics to evaluate the health outcomes of the CDC's recommendations for HIV testing have been defined, but the data necessary to determine the effects on early entry into care, the actual reduction in disease incidence, and the unanticipated consequences are not yet available. C1 [Bartlett, John G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Branson, Bernard M.; Fenton, Kevin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hauschild, Benjamin C.; Miller, Veronica] Forum Collaborat HIV Res, Washington, DC USA. [Hauschild, Benjamin C.; Miller, Veronica] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Mayer, Kenneth H.] Brown Univ, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Mayer, Kenneth H.] Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. RP Bartlett, JG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, 1830 E Monument St,Room 447, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jb@jhmi.edu NR 47 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 27 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 8 BP 945 EP 951 DI 10.1001/jama.300.8.945 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 341AR UT WOS:000258687100029 PM 18728268 ER PT J AU Staples, JE Monath, TP AF Staples, J. Erin Monath, Thomas P. TI Yellow fever: 100 years of discovery SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Staples, J. Erin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Monath, Thomas P.] Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Staples, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arboviral Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM estaples@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 27 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 8 BP 960 EP 962 DI 10.1001/jama.300.8.960 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 341AR UT WOS:000258687100033 PM 18728272 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, B Currier, R Nierenberg, K Reich, A Backer, LC Stumpf, R Fleming, L Kirkpatrick, G AF Kirkpatrick, Barbara Currier, Robert Nierenberg, Kate Reich, Andrew Backer, Lorraine C. Stumpf, Richard Fleming, Lora Kirkpatrick, Gary TI Florida red tide and human health: A pilot beach conditions reporting system to minimize human exposure SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE asthma; Florida red tide; harmful algal blooms; ocean observing systems; beach conditions; Karenia brevis ID AEROSOLIZED BREVETOXINS; TOXINS BREVETOXINS; ASTHMA; POPULATION; EVENTS AB With over 50% of the US population living in coastal counties, the ocean and coastal environments have substantial impacts on coastal communities. While many of the impacts are positive, such as tourism and recreation opportunities, there are also negative impacts, such as exposure to harmful algal blooms (HABs) and water borne pathogens. Recent advances in environmental monitoring and weather prediction may allow us to forecast these potential adverse effects and thus mitigate the negative impact from coastal environmental threats. One example of the need to mitigate adverse environmental impacts occurs on Florida's west coast, which experiences annual blooms, or periods of exuberant growth, of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. K. brevis produces a suite of potent neurotoxins called brevetoxins. Wind and wave action can break up the cells, releasing toxin that can then become part of the marine aerosol or sea spray. Brevetoxins in the aerosol cause respiratory irritation in people who inhale it. In addition, asthmatics who inhale the toxins report increase upper and lower airway symptoms and experience measurable changes in pulmonary function. Real-time reporting of the presence or absence of these toxic aerosols will allow asthmatics and local coastal residents to make informed decisions about their personal exposures, thus adding to their quality of life. A system to protect public health that combines information collected by an Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) has been designed and implemented in Sarasota and Manatee Counties, Florida. This system is based on real-time reports from lifeguards at the eight public beaches. The lifeguards provide periodic subjective reports of the amount of dead fish on the beach, apparent level of respiratory irritation among beach-goers, water color, wind direction, surf condition, and the beach warning flag they are flying. A key component in the design of the observing system was an easy reporting pathway for the lifeguards to minimize the amount of time away from their primary duties. Specifically, we provided a Personal Digital Assistant for each of the eight beaches. The portable unit allows the lifeguards to report from their guard tower. The data are transferred via wireless Internet to a website hosted on the Mote Marine Laboratory Sarasota Operations of the Coastal Ocean Observation Laboratories (SO COOL) server. The system has proven to be robust and well received by the public. The system has reported variability from beach to beach and has provided vital information to users to minimize their exposure to toxic marine aerosols. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kirkpatrick, Barbara; Currier, Robert; Nierenberg, Kate; Kirkpatrick, Gary] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 32436 USA. [Reich, Andrew] Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Backer, Lorraine C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Stumpf, Richard] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20920 USA. [Fleming, Lora] Univ Miami, NSF, NIEHS, Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, B (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Environm Hlth Program, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 33236 USA. EM bkirkpat@mote.org FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES010594, P50 ES012736, P50 ES012736-05, P01 ES010594-08, P01 ES 10594]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU423360-02] NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 25 PY 2008 VL 402 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.032 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 331KJ UT WOS:000258010800001 PM 18501955 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Levin, ML Spurlock, JP AF Loftis, Amanda D. Levin, Michael L. Spurlock, J. Paul TI Two USA Ehrlichia spp. cause febrile illness in goats SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ruminants; ehrlichiosis; zoonoses; animal diseases; tick-borne diseases; ixodidae; disease reservoirs ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; DOMESTIC GOATS; CHAFFEENSIS; EWINGII; RUMINANTIUM; INFECTION; IXODIDAE; PREVALENCE; AGENT AB Ehrlichia spp. are not currently recognized as a cause of illness in goats in the USA, but three Ehrlichia are enzootic in lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum) in the eastern USA, and related bacteria in other countries cause illness in goats. We exposed naive goats to Ehrlichia-infected Amblyomma and demonstrated that infection and clinical illness can be caused by two USA species, E. ewingii and the recently discovered Panola Mountain Ehrlichia sp. Clinical features in all five goats are described; ehrlichioses were associated with pyrexia, serous nasal discharge, inappetance, lethargy, decreased alkaline phosphatase, and, in most cases, neutropenia. Goats remained chronically infected for several months following exposure to ehrlichiae and transmitted the pathogens to uninfected ticks. In the eastern USA, undifferentiated febrile illness in goats might be caused by previously unrecognized ehrlichial infections, and pastures housing-infected goats could become infested with a large number of infected ticks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Loftis, Amanda D.; Levin, Michael L.] CDC, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Spurlock, J. Paul] CDC, Anim Res Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), 266 N Lincoln St, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM adloftis@gmail.com NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD AUG 25 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 3-4 BP 398 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.01.010 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 336KA UT WOS:000258361500020 PM 18328644 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI AF Meltzer, Martin I. TI Health economics and prioritising health care SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; INFORMATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emerging Dis & Surveillance Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emerging Dis & Surveillance Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM qzm4@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 23 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 9639 BP 612 EP 613 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61257-X PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 340BX UT WOS:000258622200009 PM 18722853 ER PT J AU Chourey, K Wei, W Wan, XF Thompson, DK AF Chourey, Karuna Wei, Wei Wan, Xiu-Feng Thompson, Dorothea K. TI Transcriptome analysis reveals response regulator SO2426-mediated gene expression in Shewanella oneidensis MR-I under chromate challenge SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID 2-COMPONENT SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SHOCK RESPONSE; IRON STORAGE; REDUCTION; SYSTEM; GROWTH AB Background: Shewanella oneidensis MR-I exhibits diverse metal ion-reducing capabilities and thus utility as a bioremediation agent. Knowledge of the molecular components and regulatory mechanisms dictating cellular responses to heavy metal stress, however, remains incomplete. In a previous work, the S. oneidensis so2426 gene, annotated as a DNA-binding response regulator, was demonstrated to be specifically responsive at both the transcript and protein levels to acute chromate [Cr(VI)] challenge. To delineate the cellular function of SO2426 and its contribution to metal stress response, we integrated genetic and physiological approaches with a genome-wide screen for target gene candidates comprising the SO2426 regulon. Results: Inactivation of so2426 by an in-frame deletion resulted in enhanced chromate senstivity and a reduced capacity to remove extracellular Cr(VI) relative to the parental strain. Time-resolved microarray analysis was used to compare transcriptomic profiles of wild-type and SO2426-deficient mutant S. oneidensis under conditions of chromate exposure. In total, 841 genes (18% of the array genome) were up- or downregulated at least twofold in the Delta so2426 mutant for at least one of six time-point conditions. Hierarchial cluster analysis of temporal transcriptional profiles identified a distinct cluster (n = 46) comprised of co-ordinately regulated genes exhibiting significant downregulated expression (p < 0.05) over time. Thirteen of these genes encoded proteins associated with transport and binding functions, particularly those involved in Fe transport and homeostasis (e.g., siderophote biosynthetic enzymes, TonB-dependent receptors, and the iron-storage protein ferritin). A conserved hypothetical operon (so1188-so1189-so1190), previously identified as a potential target of Furmediated repression, as well as putative bicyclomycin resistance gene (so2280) and cation efflux family protein gene (so2045) also were repressed in the so2426 deletion mutant. Furthermore, the temporal expression profiles of four regulatory genes including a cpxR homolog were perturbed in the chromate-challenged mutant. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a previously unrecognized functional role for the response regulator SO2426 in the activation of genes required for siderphore-mediated Fe acquistion. Fe storage, and other cation transport mechanisms. SO2426 regulatory function is involved at a fundamental molecular level in the linkage between Fe homeostasis and the cellular response to chromate-induced stress in S. oneidensis. C1 [Wei, Wei; Thompson, Dorothea K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chourey, Karuna] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wan, Xiu-Feng] Miami Univ, Syst Biol Lab, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Chourey, Karuna] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wan, Xiu-Feng] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thompson, DK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM choureyk@ornl.gov; weiw@purdue.edu; xwan@cdc.gov; dthomps@purdue.edu FU Office of Science ( BER), U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64163] FX We thank Dr. Joel Klappenbach for plasmids and E. coli strain WM3064 used in site- directed mutagenesis and Dr. Steven Brown for assistance with the construction of the so2426 deletion mutant. We also thank Drs. Jizhong Zhou and Liyou Wu for S. oneidensis MR-I microarrays, and Dr. Gene Wickham for helpful comments concerning the manuscript. This research was supported in part by the Office of Science ( BER), U. S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER64163, to DKT. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 21 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 395 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-395 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 357CH UT WOS:000259823400001 PM 18718017 ER PT J AU Yu, HJ Gao, ZC Feng, ZJ Shu, YL Xiang, NJ Zhou, L Huai, Y Feng, LZ Peng, ZB Li, ZJ Xu, CL Li, JH Hu, CP Li, Q Xu, XL Liu, XC Liu, ZG Xu, LS Chen, YS Luo, HM Wei, LP Zhang, XF Xin, JB Guo, JQ Wang, QY Yuan, ZA Zhou, LN Zhang, KZ Zhang, W Yang, JY Zhong, XN Xia, SC Li, LJ Cheng, JQ Ma, ED He, PP Lee, SS Wang, Y Uyeki, TM Yang, WZ AF Yu, Hongjie Gao, Zhancheng Feng, Zijian Shu, Yuelong Xiang, Nijuan Zhou, Lei Huai, Yang Feng, Luzhao Peng, Zhibin Li, Zhongjie Xu, Cuiling Li, Junhua Hu, Chengping Li, Qun Xu, Xiaoling Liu, Xuecheng Liu, Zigui Xu, Longshan Chen, Yusheng Luo, Huiming Wei, Liping Zhang, Xianfeng Xin, Jianbao Guo, Junqiao Wang, Qiuyue Yuan, Zhengan Zhou, Longnv Zhang, Kunzhao Zhang, Wei Yang, Jinye Zhong, Xiaoning Xia, Shichang Li, Lanjuan Cheng, Jinquan Ma, Erdang He, Pingping Lee, Shui Shan Wang, Yu Uyeki, Timothy M. Yang, Weizhong TI Clinical Characteristics of 26 Human Cases of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Infection in China SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: While human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection continue to increase globally, available clinical data on H5N1 cases are limited. We conducted a retrospective study of 26 confirmed human H5N1 cases identified through surveillance in China from October 2005 through April 2008. Methodology/Principal Findings: Data were collected from hospital medical records of H5N1 cases and analyzed. The median age was 29 years (range 6-62) and 58% were female. Many H5N1 cases reported fever (92%) and cough (58%) at illness onset, and had lower respiratory findings of tachypnea and dyspnea at admission. All cases progressed rapidly to bilateral pneumonia. Clinical complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, 81%), cardiac failure (50%), elevated aminotransaminases (43%), and renal dysfunction (17%). Fatal cases had a lower median nadir platelet count (64.5x10(9) cells/L vs 93.0x10(9) cells/L, p = 0.02), higher median peak lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level (1982.5 U/L vs 1230.0 U/L, p = 0.001), higher percentage of ARDS (94% [n = 16] vs 56% [n = 5], p = 0.034) and more frequent cardiac failure (71% [n = 12] vs 11% [n = 1], p = 0.011) than nonfatal cases. A higher proportion of patients who received antiviral drugs survived compared to untreated (67% [8/12] vs 7% [1/14], p = 0.003). Conclusions/Significance: The clinical course of Chinese H5N1 cases is characterized by fever and cough initially, with rapid progression to lower respiratory disease. Decreased platelet count, elevated LDH level, ARDS and cardiac failure were associated with fatal outcomes. Clinical management of H5N1 cases should be standardized in China to include early antiviral treatment for suspected H5N1 cases. C1 [Yu, Hongjie; Feng, Zijian; Xiang, Nijuan; Zhou, Lei; Huai, Yang; Feng, Luzhao; Peng, Zhibin; Li, Zhongjie; Wang, Yu; Yang, Weizhong] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent China CDC, Off Dis Control & Emergency Response, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gao, Zhancheng] Peking Univ, Peoples Hosp, Dept Resp Med, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Shu, Yuelong; Xu, Cuiling] China CDC, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Junhua] Hunan Provincial Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Changsha, Peoples R China. [Hu, Chengping] Cent S Univ, Xiang Ya Hosp, Changsha, Peoples R China. [Li, Qun] Anhui Provincial Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hefei, Peoples R China. [Xu, Xiaoling] Anhui Provincial Hosp, Hefei, Peoples R China. [Liu, Xuecheng] Sichuan Provincial Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Liu, Zigui] Sichuan Univ, Huaxi Hosp, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Xu, Longshan] Fujian Provincial Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fuzhou, Peoples R China. [Chen, Yusheng] Fujian Provincial Hosp, Fuzhou, Peoples R China. [Luo, Huiming] Guangdong Provincial Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. [Wei, Liping] Guangzhou Med Coll, Third Affiliated Hosp, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xianfeng] Hubei Provincial Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Xin, Jianbao] Hankou Union Hosp, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Guo, Junqiao] Liaoning Provincial Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shenyang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Qiuyue] China Med Univ, First Affiliated Hosp, Shenyang, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Zhengan] Shanghai Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Longnv] Shanghai Transport Univ, Ninth Affiliated Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Kunzhao] Jiangxi Provincial Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nanchang, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Wei] Nanchang Univ, First Affiliated Hosp, Nanchang, Peoples R China. [Yang, Jinye] Guangxi Provincial Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nanning, Peoples R China. [Zhong, Xiaoning] Guangxi Med Univ, First Affiliated Hosp, Nanning, Peoples R China. [Xia, Shichang] Zhejiang Provincial Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hangzhou, Peoples R China. [Li, Lanjuan] Zhejiang Univ, First Affiliated Hosp, Hangzhou, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Jinquan] Shenzhen Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. [Ma, Erdang] Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Ctr Dis Control, Urumqi, Peoples R China. [He, Pingping] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lee, Shui Shan] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Sha Tin 100083, Peoples R China. [Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yu, HJ (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent China CDC, Off Dis Control & Emergency Response, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM gaozhancheng5446@163.com; yangwz@chinacdc.cn RI Lee, Shui Shan/B-9374-2008 OI Lee, Shui Shan/0000-0003-1448-765X FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2004BA519A17, 2004BA519A71, 2006BAD06A02]; China-U.S. Collaborative Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases FX This study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2004BA519A17, 2004BA519A71 and 2006BAD06A02), and the China-U.S. Collaborative Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 76 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 21 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 8 AR e2985 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002985 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 422KO UT WOS:000264426800002 PM 18716658 ER PT J AU Reich, A Blackmore, C Hopkins, R Lazensky, R Geib, K Ngo-Seidel, E AF Reich, A. Blackmore, C. Hopkins, R. Lazensky, R. Geib, K. Ngo-Seidel, E. TI Illness associated with red tide - Nassau County, Florida, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 717-720, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID TOXINS BREVETOXINS; ASTHMA C1 [Reich, A.] CDC, Aquat Toxins Program, Bur Community Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Blackmore, C.] CDC, Div Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hopkins, R.] CDC, Bur Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lazensky, R.] Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Geib, K.; Ngo-Seidel, E.] Nassau Cty Hlth Dept, Fernandina Beach, FL USA. RP Reich, A (reprint author), CDC, Aquat Toxins Program, Bur Community Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 7 BP 783 EP 785 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 338VM UT WOS:000258537500009 ER PT J AU Cochi, SL Kew, O AF Cochi, Stephen L. Kew, Olen TI Polio today - Are we on the verge of global eradication? Commentary SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID VACCINATION PROGRAM; POLIOMYELITIS C1 [Cochi, Stephen L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kew, Olen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picomavirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cochi, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM scochi@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 7 BP 839 EP 841 DI 10.1001/jama.300.7.839 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 338VM UT WOS:000258537500026 PM 18714066 ER PT J AU Datta, SD Weinstock, H AF Datta, S. Deblina Weinstock, Hillard TI The prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus - Response SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID WOMEN C1 [Datta, S. Deblina; Weinstock, Hillard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Datta, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 19 PY 2008 VL 149 IS 4 BP 283 EP 283 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 338RQ UT WOS:000258526700012 ER PT J AU Andrus, JK Sherris, J Fitzsimmons, JW Kane, MA Aguado, MT AF Andrus, Jon Kim Sherris, Jacqueline Fitzsimmons, John W. Kane, Mark A. Aguado, M. Teresa TI Introduction of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines into Developing Countries - International Strategies for Funding and Procurement SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE HPV; Vaccine; Procurement; Finance ID REVOLVING FUND; AMERICA; EPI AB This paper explores different international vaccine financing and procurement strategies used by the Pan American Health Organization, United Nation's Children's Fund, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, the Gulf Cooperation Model, and the Advanced Market Commitments. The aim is to identify lessons learned to help ensure equitable distribution of life-saving vaccines for cervical cancer prevention, with particular emphasis on sustainability. A critical first step in the cascade of activities necessary for Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine introduction should be the creation of an informed policy decision making process that is grounded in the best available information at a national level. This process will help ensure that decisions are financially sustainable. Any vaccine purchasing mechanisms should address the following essential points: 1) prioritization of cost-saving interventions; 2) flexible participation; 3) sufficient support to confront in-country challenges for managing vaccine procurement mechanisms; 4) a definite time-line for country ownership of vaccine purchases; 5) accuracy of vaccine demand forecasting; 6) maintenance of vaccine supply chains; and 7) well-functioning surveillance and regulatory bodies. In mapping the way forward, using the lessons learned and maintaining flexibility of financing and procurement mechanisms remain critical issues. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Andrus, Jon Kim] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Immunizat Unit, Washington, DC USA. [Sherris, Jacqueline] PATH, Global Programs, Seattle, WA USA. [Fitzsimmons, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Aguado, M. Teresa] WHO, Initiat Vaccine Res, Product Res Dev Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Andrus, JK (reprint author), Pan Amer Hlth Org, Immunizat Unit, Washington, DC USA. EM andrusjo@paho.org RI chiu, takeung/A-2046-2013 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 19 PY 2008 VL 26 SU 10 BP K87 EP K92 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 364GA UT WOS:000260323000011 PM 18847561 ER PT J AU Shefer, A Markowitz, L Deeks, S Tam, T Irwin, K Garland, SM Schuchat, A AF Shefer, Abigail Markowitz, Lauri Deeks, Shelley Tam, Theresa Irwin, Kathleen Garland, Suzanne M. Schuchat, Anne TI Early Experience with Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Introduction in the United States, Canada and Australia SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Human Papillomavirus; Vaccine; Vaccine schedule; Financing; Implementation ID ADOLESCENTS; IMMUNIZATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; DAUGHTERS; DELIVERY; VISITS; TRIAL AB Successful incorporation of a new vaccine into a nation's vaccination program requires addressing a number of issues, including: 1) establishing national recommendations; 2) assuring education of and acceptance by the public and medical community; 3) establishing and maintaining an appropriate infrastructure for vaccine delivery; 4) financing the vaccine and the program, in addition to political will. This article reviews the early experience with implementation of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs. It focuses on the United States of America and Canada and provides a brief report on Australia, where introduction is underway. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shefer, Abigail; Schuchat, Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Markowitz, Lauri] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Deeks, Shelley] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Immunisat & Resp Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Tam, Theresa] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Immunizat & Resp Infect Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Irwin, Kathleen] WHO, Initiat Vaccine Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Garland, Suzanne M.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Royal Hosp Women, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Shefer, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ams7@CDC.GOV FU Commonwealth Serum Laboratories; GlaxoSmithKline; Merck and Co., Inc FX SMG: Advisory Board (Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline); Consultant (Merck and Co., Inc); Research Grants (Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck and Co., Inc.); Speakers Bureau (GlaxoSmithKline, Merck and Co., Inc); Travel Grants (Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline). NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 19 PY 2008 VL 26 SU 10 BP K68 EP K75 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.065 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 364GA UT WOS:000260323000009 PM 18847559 ER PT J AU Trotter, CL McVernon, J Ramsay, ME Whitney, CG Mulholland, EK Goldblatt, D Hombach, J Kieny, MP AF Trotter, Caroline L. McVernon, Jodie Ramsay, Mary E. Whitney, Cynthia G. Mulholland, E. Kim Goldblatt, David Hombach, Joachim Kieny, Marie-Paule CA SAGE Subgrp TI Optimising the use of conjugate vaccines to prevent disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE Haemophilus vaccines; meningococcal vaccines; pneumococcal vaccines ID INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; ROUTINE CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; MEMBRANE PROTEIN COMPLEX; UNITED-STATES POPULATION; HIGH-RISK POPULATION; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; MENINGOCOCCAL SEROGROUP; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; OROPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL AB Conjugate vaccines exist that offer protection against disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and selected serogroups/serotypes of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. These vaccines are not only able to prevent serious disease, but they also provide protection against asymptomatic carriage. The resulting herd immunity effects have been striking, and have played an important role in the public health success of conjugate vaccination programmes. The aim of this paper is to review the state of the current evidence on conjugate vaccines and to identify important areas for further study, in order to inform the debate regarding the best use of these vaccines. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Trotter, Caroline L.] Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, Bristol BS8 2PR, Avon, England. [McVernon, Jodie] Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Vaccine & Immunisat Res Grp, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [McVernon, Jodie] Univ Melbourne, Sch populat Hlth, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Ramsay, Mary E.] Ctr Infect, Hlth Protect Agcy, Immunisat Dept, London, England. [Whitney, Cynthia G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mulholland, E. Kim] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Infect Dis Epidemiol Unit, London WC1, England. [Goldblatt, David] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Immunobiol Unit, London, England. [Hombach, Joachim; Kieny, Marie-Paule] World Hlth Org, Initiat Vaccine Res, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Trotter, CL (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, Canynge Hall,Whiteladies Rd, Bristol BS8 2PR, Avon, England. EM caroline.trotter@bristol.ac.uk RI Goldblatt, David/C-5972-2008; Trotter, Caroline/H-5077-2013; OI Goldblatt, David/0000-0002-0769-5242; McVernon, Jodie/0000-0001-9774-1961; Trotter, Caroline/0000-0003-4000-2708 NR 153 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 18 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 35 BP 4434 EP 4445 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.073 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 345BU UT WOS:000258971800007 PM 18617296 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Forhan, SE Gottlieb, SL Markowitz, LE AF Chesson, Harrell W. Forhan, Sara E. Gottlieb, Sami L. Markowitz, Lauri E. TI The potential health and economic benefits of preventing recurrent respiratory papillomatosis through quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE recurrent respiratory papillomatosis; human papillomavirus; vaccine; cost-effectiveness ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL-COURSE; CHILDREN; STATES; PROGRAMS AB We estimated the health and economic benefits of preventing recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) through quadrivalent human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination. We applied a simple mathematical model to estimate the averted costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) saved by preventing RRP in children whose mothers had been vaccinated at age 12 years. Under base case assumptions, the prevention of RRP would avert an estimated $31 (range: $2-178) in medical costs (2006 US dollars) and save 0.00016 QALYs (range: 0.00001-0.00152) per 12-year-old girl vaccinated. Including the benefits of RRP reduced the estimated cost per QALY gained by HPV vaccination by roughly 14-21% in the base case and by <2% to >100% in the sensitivity analyses. More precise estimates of the incidence of RRP are needed, however, to quantify this impact more reliably. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chesson, Harrell W.; Forhan, Sara E.; Gottlieb, Sami L.; Markowitz, Lauri E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Mail Stop E-80,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM HChesson@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 18 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 35 BP 4513 EP 4518 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.045 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 345BU UT WOS:000258971800017 PM 18598734 ER PT J AU Jayatilaka, NK Whitehead, RD Montesano, MA Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Jayatilaka, Nayana K. Whitehead, Ralph D., Jr. Montesano, Maria Angela Needham, Larry L. Barr, Dana B. TI ANYL 140-Measurement of the quaternary amine compounds paraquat and diquat in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography - electrospray tandem mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Jayatilaka, Nayana K.; Whitehead, Ralph D., Jr.; Montesano, Maria Angela; Needham, Larry L.; Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH ATSDR, Div Sci Lab, Organ Analyt Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GOH3@cdc.gov; RNW2@cdc.gov; AHM2@cdc.gov; lln1@cdc.gov; dbarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 140-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301127 ER PT J AU Kato, K Calafat, AM Needham, LL AF Kato, Kayoko Calafat, Antonia M. Needham, Larry L. TI ENVR 157-Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in house dust SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kato, Kayoko; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ktk2@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 157-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304434 ER PT J AU Vasan, M Rauvolfova, J Wolfert, M Leoff, C Kannenberg, E Quinn, CP Carlson, R Boons, GJ AF Vasan, Mahalakshmi Rauvolfova, Jana Wolfert, Margreet Leoff, Christine Kannenberg, Elmar Quinn, Conrad P. Carlson, Russell Boons, Geert-Jan TI MEDI 44-Synthesis and immunological properties of oligosaccharide fragment derived from the cell wall of Bacillus anthracis: A diagnostic tool for anthrax SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Vasan, Mahalakshmi; Rauvolfova, Jana; Wolfert, Margreet; Leoff, Christine; Kannenberg, Elmar; Carlson, Russell; Boons, Geert-Jan] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Quinn, Conrad P.] NCID, CDC, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mvasan@chem.uga.edu; caq7@cdc.gov; rcarlson@ccrc.uga.edu; gjboons@ccrc.uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 44-MEDI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256305651 ER PT J AU Vasan, M Rauvolfova, J Wolfert, M Leoff, C Kannenberg, E Quinn, C Carlson, R Boons, GJ AF Vasan, Mahalakshmi Rauvolfova, Jana Wolfert, Margreet Leoff, Christine Kannenberg, Elmar Quinn, Conrad Carlson, Russell Boons, Geert-Jan TI CARB 1-Convergent synthesis and immunological properties of various oligosaccharides derived from cell wall of Bacillus anthracis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Vasan, Mahalakshmi; Rauvolfova, Jana; Wolfert, Margreet; Leoff, Christine; Kannenberg, Elmar; Carlson, Russell; Boons, Geert-Jan] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Quinn, Conrad] NCID, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mvasan@chem.uga.edu; rcarlson@ccrc.uga.edu; gjboons@ccrc.uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 1-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256302526 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Smith, TC Sevick, CJ Honner, WK Loach, RA Moore, CA Erickson, JD AF Ryan, Margaret A. K. Smith, Tyler C. Sevick, Carter J. Honner, William K. Loach, Rosha A. Moore, Cynthia A. Erickson, J. David TI Birth defects among infants born to women who received anthrax vaccine in pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccines; congenital abnormalities; immunization; military personnel; reproductive history; women's health ID SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; SERVICE MEMBERS; SAFETY; HOSPITALIZATIONS; MALFORMATIONS; EXPOSURE; REGISTRY; PROGRAM AB In response to bioterrorism threats, anthrax vaccine has been used by the US military and considered for civilian use. Concerns exist about the potential for adverse reproductive health effects among vaccine recipients. This retrospective cohort evaluated birth defects, in relation to maternal anthrax vaccination, among all infants born to US military service women between 1998 and 2004. Department of Defense databases defined maternal vaccination and infant diagnoses; multivariable regression models described potential associations between anthrax vaccination and birth defects in liveborn infants. Among 115,169 infants born to military women during this period, 37,140 were born to women ever vaccinated against anthrax, and 3,465 were born to women vaccinated in the first trimester of pregnancy. Birth defects were slightly more common in first trimester-exposed infants (odds ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.997, 1.41) when compared with infants of women vaccinated outside of the first trimester, but this association was statistically significant only when alternative referent groups were used. Although the small observed association may be unlikely to represent a causal relation between vaccination in early pregnancy and birth defects, this information should be considered when making decisions about administering anthrax vaccine to pregnant women. C1 [Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Smith, Tyler C.; Sevick, Carter J.; Honner, William K.; Loach, Rosha A.] US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Moore, Cynthia A.; Erickson, J. David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM margaret.ryan@med.navy.mil NR 44 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 4 BP 434 EP 442 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn159 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 335XU UT WOS:000258329700012 PM 18599489 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Frias, JL AF Rasmussen, Sonja A. Frias, Jaime L. TI Non-genetic risk factors for gastroschisis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE risk factors; non-genetic; environmental; gastroschisis ID ABDOMINAL-WALL DEFECTS; SMALL-INTESTINAL ATRESIA; MATERNAL MEDICATION USE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; OMPHALOMESENTERIC ARTERY; INCREASING PREVALENCE; FAMILIAL OCCURRENCE; CHANGING PROFILE; NATIONAL-SURVEY; DRUG-USE AB Gastroschisis is an abdominal wall defect typically located to the right of the umbilical cord in which intestines and occasionally other abdominal contents herniate through the abdominal wall opening. The etiology of this defect is unknown. The increased recurrence risks observed in families with a child with gastroschisis suggest that genetic factors play a role in its causation. However, non-genetic factors are also important, as evidenced by the increased occurrence of gastroschisis among younger mothers, the increasing prevalence of gastroschisis in recent years observed by several birth defects surveillance systems, and the frequent occurrence of gastroschisis in a cluster pattern. Despite recognition of the importance of non-genetic factors in gastroschisis causation, no factors, other than young maternal age, have been definitively identified, limiting the development of prevention strategies. This article summarizes the currently available literature on non-genetic risk factors for gastroschisis, including investigations of sociodemographic factors, maternal therapeutic medication and non-therapeutic drug exposures, chemical exposures, and other factors. The article also discusses some of the challenges faced by investigators working to better understand gastroschisis etiology. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Rasmussen, Sonja A.] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Frias, Jaime L.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skr9@cdc.gov NR 78 TC 43 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4868 J9 AM J MED GENET C JI Am. J. Med. Genet. C PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 148C IS 3 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30175 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 335LZ UT WOS:000258293400006 PM 18655102 ER PT J AU Lacapa, R Bliss, SJ Larzelere-Hinton, F Eagle, KJ McGinty, DJ Parkinson, AJ Santosham, M Craig, MJ O'Brien, KL AF Lacapa, Rochelle Bliss, Sandra J. Larzelere-Hinton, Francene Eagle, Kathryn J. McGinty, Debra J. Parkinson, Alan J. Santosham, Mathuram Craig, Mariddie J. O'Brien, Katherine L. TI Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among White Mountain Apache persons in the era of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Indian Health Services Research Conference CY JUN 02-05, 2007 CL Phoenix, AZ ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CHILDREN; ADULTS; IMPACT AB Background. Prior to the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), the rate of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) was 8-fold higher among White Mountain Apache persons of all ages than it was among the general US population. We aimed to assess the impact of PCV7 and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine on the rate of IPD among White Mountain Apache persons. Methods. From 1991 through 2006, we conducted active laboratory-and population-based surveillance among Native American residents of the White Mountain Apache reservation. Charts were reviewed and pneumococcal isolates were collected for serotype testing. Three time periods were defined: the pre-PCV7 baseline period (1991 1997), the PCV7 efficacy trial period (1998-2000), and the PCV7 routine-use period (2001-2006). Results. We identified 246 cases of IPD; the mean annual IPD rate fell from 126 cases per 100,000 person-years in the period 1991-1997 to 87 cases per 100,000 person-years in the period 2001-2006 (P = .01). The rate of IPD attributable to PCV7 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae decreased by 252 cases per 100,000 person-years (92%) among children aged <5 years, and that attributable to non-PCV7 serotypes of S. pneumoniae decreased by 87 cases per 100,000 person-years (44%) among children aged <5 years. Among adults, the rate of IPD remained unchanged; PCV7 serotypes of S. pneumoniae accounted for only 25% of adult cases during the period 1991-1997. Conclusions. Since the introduction of PCV7, the rate of IPD among White Mountain Apache children aged <5 years has decreased to the lowest rate ever (122 cases per 100,000 person-years), but it remains 5.7-fold greater than the rate of IPD among children in the general US population. In contrast to some other high-risk populations, there is no evidence of non-vaccine-type replacement disease in this age group. Among White Mountain Apache adults, the rate of IPD remains substantially higher than that observed in the general US population. Vaccines with broader serotype coverage are needed to further reduce the disparity in the rate of IPD between the White Mountain Apache and general US populations. C1 [Lacapa, Rochelle; Bliss, Sandra J.; Larzelere-Hinton, Francene; Eagle, Kathryn J.; McGinty, Debra J.; Santosham, Mathuram; O'Brien, Katherine L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Parkinson, Alan J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. [Craig, Mariddie J.] White Mt Apache Tribe, Whiteriver, AZ USA. RP O'Brien, KL (reprint author), 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM klobrien@jhsph.edu FU PHS HHS [1 U26 94 00012-01] NR 14 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 BP 476 EP 484 DI 10.1086/590001 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 327VD UT WOS:000257755700010 PM 18627249 ER PT J AU Metsch, LR Pereyra, M Messinger, S del Rio, C Strathdee, SA Anderson-Mahoney, P Rudy, E Marks, G Gardner, L AF Metsch, Lisa R. Pereyra, Margaret Messinger, Shari del Rio, Carlos Strathdee, Steffanie A. Anderson-Mahoney, Pamela Rudy, Ellen Marks, Gary Gardner, Lytt CA ARTAS Study Grp TI HIV transmission risk behaviors among HIV-infected persons who are successfully linked to care SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; DRUG-USERS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; VIRAL LOAD; PREVENTION; HEALTH; MEN AB Objectives. We examined the relationship between receipt of medical care for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and HIV transmission risk behavior among persons who had received a recent diagnosis of HIV infection. Methods. We enrolled 316 participants from 4 US cities and prospectively followed up participants for 1 year. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine whether having at least 3 medical care visits in a 6-month period was associated with unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse with an HIV-negative partner or partner with unknown HIV status. Results. A total of 27.5% of the participants (84 of 305) self-reported having unprotected sex with an HIV-negative or unknown status partner at enrollment, decreasing to 12% (31 of 258) and 14.2% ( 36 of 254) at 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. At follow-up, people who had received medical care for HIV-infection at least 3 times had reduced odds of engaging in risk behavior, compared with those with fewer visits. Other factors associated with reduced risk behavior were being 130 years of age, male sex, not having depressive symptoms, and not using crack cocaine. Conclusions. Being in HIV care is associated with a reduced prevalence of sexual risk behavior among persons living with HIV infection. Persons linked to care can benefit from prevention services available in primary care settings. C1 [Metsch, Lisa R.; Pereyra, Margaret; Messinger, Shari] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Marks, Gary; Gardner, Lytt] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [del Rio, Carlos] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Strathdee, Steffanie A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Rudy, Ellen] Los Angeles Cty Dept, STD Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Metsch, LR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 1120 NW 14th St,Ste 916, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM Lmetsch@med.miami.edu RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009; del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU417672] NR 39 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 BP 577 EP 584 DI 10.1086/590153 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 327VD UT WOS:000257755700026 PM 18624629 ER PT J AU Weihe, P Kato, K Calafat, AM Nielsen, F Wanigatunga, AA Needham, LL Grandjean, P AF Weihe, Pal Kato, Kayoko Calafat, Antonia M. Nielsen, Flemming Wanigatunga, Amal A. Needham, Larry L. Grandjean, Philippe TI Serum concentrations of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in Faroese whale meat consumers SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; PERFLUORINATED CHEMICALS; PERFLUOROALKYL CONTAMINANTS; PERFLUOROCARBOXYLIC ACIDS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NHANES 1999-2000; NATIONAL-HEALTH; US POPULATION; BLOOD-DONORS; BIRTH COHORT AB To learn the extent of human exposure to polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in a remote fishing population, we measured, in Faroese children and pregnant women, the serum concentrations of nine PFCs, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA), by using online solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The serum samples analyzed had been collected between 1993 and 2005 from 103 children 7 years of age, 79 of these children at 14 years of age, and from 12 pregnant women and their children 5 years later. PFOS was detected in all samples analyzed, and both PFOA and PFNA were detected in all but one of the samples. The concentrations found are comparable to those reported elsewhere. Correlations between paired concentrations were poor. However, PFOS and PFNA concentrations correlated well with the frequency of pilot whale dinners and with concentrations of mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls. One whale meal every two weeks increased the PFOS concentration in 14-year-olds by about 25% and PFNA by 50%. The high frequency of detection of most PFCs suggests widespread exposure in the Faroe Islands already by the early 1990s, with whale meat being an important source. C1 [Grandjean, Philippe] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Weihe, Pal; Nielsen, Flemming; Grandjean, Philippe] Univ So Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, Odense, Denmark. [Weihe, Pal] Faroese Hosp Syst, Torshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark. [Kato, Kayoko; Calafat, Antonia M.; Wanigatunga, Amal A.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Grandjean, P (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Landmark Ctr,3-102E,401 Pk Dr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM Pgrand@hsph.harvard.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; OI Grandjean, Philippe/0000-0003-4046-9658 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012199, ES06112, ES09797, ES12199, R01 ES006112, R01 ES006112-03, R01 ES009797, R01 ES012199-01A1, U01 ES009797, U01 ES009797-01A1] NR 45 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 16 BP 6291 EP 6295 DI 10.1021/es800695m PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337MG UT WOS:000258439600072 PM 18767701 ER PT J AU Flys, TS McConnell, MS Matovu, F Church, JD Bagenda, D Khaki, L Bakaki, P Thigpen, MC Eure, C Fowler, MG Eshleman, SH AF Flys, Tamara S. McConnell, Michelle S. Matovu, Flavia Church, Jessica D. Bagenda, Danstan Khaki, Leila Bakaki, Paul Thigpen, Michael C. Eure, Chineta Fowler, Mary Glenn Eshleman, Susan H. TI Nevirapine resistance in women and infants after first versus repeated use of single-dose nevirapine for prevention of HIV-1 vertical transmission SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PERSISTENCE; HIVNET-012; EXPOSURE; PREGNANCIES; MUTATIONS; SELECTION; VARIANTS AB Single-dose(SD) nevirapine(NVP) significantly reduces mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We analyzed NVP resistance after receipt of SD NVP in 57 previously SD NVP-naive women, in 34 SD NVP-experienced women, and in 17 HIV-infected infants. The proportion of women infected with variants with resistance mutations, the types of mutations detected, and the frequency and level of K103N were similar in the two groups of women at 6 weeks and 6 months post partum. NVP resistance was detected in a similar proportion of infants born to SD NVP-naive versus SD NVP experienced women. Repeated use of SD NVP to prevent HIV transmission does not appear to influence NVP resistance. C1 [Flys, Tamara S.; Church, Jessica D.; Khaki, Leila; Eshleman, Susan H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [McConnell, Michelle S.; Thigpen, Michael C.; Eure, Chineta; Fowler, Mary Glenn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Matovu, Flavia; Bagenda, Danstan; Bakaki, Paul] Makerere Univ, Johns Hopkins Univ Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda. [Bagenda, Danstan] Makerere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. RP Eshleman, SH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Ross Bldg 646,720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM seshlem@jhmi.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI068613-03, U01 AI068632-03, U01 AI046745-05S1, U01 AI068632, U01 AI068613, U01-AI-068633, U01 AI048054, U01 AI046745, U01-AI-46745, U01 AI048054-05S2, U01-AI-48054, U01-AI-068613]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD042965, R01 HD042965, R01 HD042965-01] NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 4 BP 465 EP 469 DI 10.1086/590160 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 329TK UT WOS:000257893300003 PM 18582198 ER PT J AU Rubin, SA Qi, L Audet, SA Sullivan, B Carbone, KM Bellini, WJ Rota, PA Sirota, L Beeler, J AF Rubin, Steven A. Qi, Li Audet, Susette A. Sullivan, Bradley Carbone, Kathryn M. Bellini, William J. Rota, Paul A. Sirota, Lev Beeler, Judy TI Antibody induced by immunization with the Jeryl Lynn mumps vaccine strain effectively neutralizes a heterologous wild-type mumps virus associated with a large outbreak SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Vaccine Congress CY DEC 09-11, 2007 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS ID HYDROPHOBIC PROTEIN GENE; LIVE ATTENUATED MEASLES; UNITED-STATES; ANTIGENIC RELATEDNESS; RUBELLA VACCINATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; FIELD EVALUATION; YOUNG-ADULTS; FOLLOW-UP; GENOTYPE AB Recent mumps outbreaks in older vaccinated populations were caused primarily by genotype G viruses, which are phylogenetically distinct from the genotype A vaccine strains used in the countries affected by the outbreaks. This finding suggests that genotype A vaccine strains could have reduced efficacy against heterologous mumps viruses. The remote history of vaccination also suggests that waning immunity could have contributed to susceptibility. To examine these issues, we obtained consecutive serum samples from children at different intervals after vaccination and assayed the ability of these samples to neutralize the genotype A Jeryl Lynn mumps virus vaccine strain and a genotype G wild-type virus obtained during the mumps outbreak that occurred in the United States in 2006. Although the geometric mean neutralizing antibody titers against the genotype G virus were approximately one-half the titers measured against the vaccine strain, and although titers to both viruses decreased with time after vaccination, antibody induced by immunization with the Jeryl Lynn mumps vaccine strain effectively neutralized the outbreak-associated virus at all time points tested. C1 [Rubin, Steven A.; Qi, Li; Audet, Susette A.; Carbone, Kathryn M.; Sirota, Lev; Beeler, Judy] US FDA, Div Viral Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, OVRR, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sullivan, Bradley] Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Dept Pediat, Marshfield, WI USA. [Bellini, William J.; Rota, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rubin, SA (reprint author), US FDA, Div Viral Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, OVRR, Bldg 29A,Rm 1A-21,8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM steven.rubin@fda.hhs.gov NR 48 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 4 BP 508 EP 515 DI 10.1086/590115 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 329TK UT WOS:000257893300009 PM 18558869 ER PT J AU Leiby, DA Herron, RM Garratty, G Herwaldt, BL AF Leiby, David A. Herron, Ross M. Garratty, George Herwaldt, Barbara L. TI Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia in US blood donors with serologic evidence of infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CHRONIC CHAGAS-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSIS; TRANSMISSION; AMERICAN; BRAZIL AB Trypanosoma cruzi infection (which causes Chagas disease) is typically undiagnosed and persists if untreated. We sought to affirm that T. cruzi-seropositive US blood donors have persistent infection with demonstrable parasitemia long after acquisition of infection. Fifty-two previously identified seropositive donors (positive by 2 methods) provided up to 3 blood specimens for testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hemoculture; most participants (67%) provided only 1 specimen. When evaluated similar to 2 decades after immigration, 33 donors (63%) had PCR evidence of parasitemia; 3 also had culture-confirmed infection. This affirmation that bloodstream parasites are detectable-and potentially transmissible -decades after immigration strengthens the rationale for donor screening. C1 [Leiby, David A.] Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Transmissible Dis Dept, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Herron, Ross M.; Garratty, George] Amer Red Cross, So Calif Blood Serv Reg, Pomona, CA USA. [Herwaldt, Barbara L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Leiby, DA (reprint author), Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Transmissible Dis Dept, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM leibyd@usa.redcross.org FU PHS HHS [UR9/CCU313742] NR 15 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 4 BP 609 EP 613 DI 10.1086/590159 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 329TK UT WOS:000257893300020 PM 18588482 ER PT J AU Ye, X Tao, LJ Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Ye, Xiaoyun Tao, Lily J. Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Automated on-line column-switching HPLC-MS/MS method for measuring environmental phenols and parabens in serum SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE phenols; parabens; HPLC-MS/MS; serum ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BISPHENOL-A; HUMAN URINE; US POPULATION; EXPOSURE; TRICLOSAN; MILK; QUANTIFICATION AB We developed a method using on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to measure the serum concentrations of seven environmental phenols and five parabens: bisphenol A; ortho-phenyl phenol; 2,4-dichlorophenol; 2,5-dichlorophenol: 2,4,5-trichlorophenol; benzophenone-3; triclosan; and methyl, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, and benzyl-parabens. The phenols and parabens present in serum were retained and concentrated on a C18 reversed-phase size-exclusion SPE column, back-eluted from the SPE column while the eluate was diluted through a mixing Tee (analyte peak focusing), separated using a pair of monolithic HPLC columns, and detected by isotope dilution-MS/MS. Sample preparation did not require protein precipitation, only dilution of the serum with 0.1 M formic acid. This method, which combines an on-line SPE with analyte peak focusing feature and the selective atmospheric pressure photoionization MS detection, resulted in limits of detection ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 ng/mL for most of the analytes. The high throughput and adequate sensitivity with yet a relative low serum volume used (100 mu L) confirm that analytically it is possible to measure simultaneously these phenols and parabens with the precision and accuracy at sub-parts-per-billion levels required for biomonitoring. However, important additional factors, including validated sample collecting, handling, and storing protocols, as well as toxicokinetic data, are required if these measures are used for exposure assessment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ye, Xiaoyun; Tao, Lily J.; Needham, Larry L.; Calafat, Antonia M.] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 38 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 7 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 76 IS 4 BP 865 EP 871 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.04.034 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 338DM UT WOS:000258485700026 PM 18656671 ER PT J AU Sakthivel, SK Singh, UP Singh, S Taub, DD Igietseme, JU Lillard, JW AF Sakthivel, Senthilkumar K. Singh, Udai P. Singh, Shailesh Taub, Dennis D. Igietseme, Joseph U. Lillard, James W., Jr. TI CCL5 regulation of mucosal chlamydial immunity and infection SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENITAL-TRACT INFECTION; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; DEFICIENT MICE; IFN-GAMMA; TRANSCUTANEOUS IMMUNIZATION; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS AB Background: Following genital chlamydial infection, an early T helper type 1 (Th1)-associated immune response precedes the activation and recruitment of specific Th1 cells bearing distinct chemokine receptors, subsequently leading to the clearance of Chlamydia. We have shown that CCR5, a receptor for CCL5, is crucial for protective chlamydial immunity. Our laboratory and others have also demonstrated that CCL5 deficiencies found in man and animals can increase the susceptibility and progression of infectious diseases by modulating mucosal immunity. These findings suggest the CCR5-CCL5 axis is necessary for optimal chlamydial immunity. We hypothesized CCL5 is required for protective humoral and cellular immunity against Chlamydia. Results: The present study revealed that CCR5 and CCL5 mRNAs are elevated in the spleen, iliac lymph nodes (ILNs), and genital mucosa following Chlamydia muriduram challenge. Antibody ( Ab)mediated inhibition of CCL5 during genital chlamydial infection suppressed humoral and Th1 > Th2 cellular responses by splenic-, ILN-, and genital mucosa-derived lymphocytes. Antigen (Ag)-specific proliferative responses of CD4(+) T cells from spleen, ILNs, and genital organs also declined after CCL5 inhibition. Conclusion: The suppression of these responses correlated with delayed clearance of C. muriduram, which indicate chlamydial immunity is mediated by Th1 immune responses driven in part by CCL5. Taken together with other studies, the data show that CCL5 mediates the temporal recruitment and activation of leukocytes to mitigate chlamydial infection through enhancing adaptive mucosal humoral and cellular immunity. C1 [Igietseme, Joseph U.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sakthivel, Senthilkumar K.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Singh, Udai P.] Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, SC USA. [Singh, Shailesh; Lillard, James W., Jr.] Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Brown Canc Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Taub, Dennis D.] NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, Immunol Lab, Baltimore, MD 20892 USA. [Igietseme, Joseph U.; Lillard, James W., Jr.] Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. RP Igietseme, JU (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssakthi@emory.edu; usingh@gw.med.sc.edu; shailesh.singh@louisville.edu; taubd@grc.nia.nih.gov; jigietseme@cdc.gov; james.lillard@louisville.edu FU National Institute of Health [RR03034, GM08248, MD000525, AI41231, AI57808]; Smith & Lucille Gibson Endowment in Medicine; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported in part by National Institute of Health grants RR03034, GM08248, MD000525, AI41231 and AI57808 and the Smith & Lucille Gibson Endowment in Medicine. This research was also supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health. The content of this manuscript benefited from many fruitful conversations with colleagues at Morehouse School of Medicine, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, and University of Louisville as well as editing by Andrew Marsh. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 136 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-8-136 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 349NC UT WOS:000259286500001 PM 18700040 ER PT J AU Black, MC Breiding, MJ AF Black, M. C. Breiding, M. J. TI Adverse health conditions and health risk behaviors associated with intimate partner violence - United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 113-117, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Black, M. C.; Breiding, M. J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Black, MC (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 6 BP 646 EP 647 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 336OM UT WOS:000258374500011 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Slimani, N Hallmans, G Tjonneland, A Agudo, A Benetou, V Bingham, S Boeing, H Boutron-Ruault, MC Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB Chirlaque, D Clavel-Chapelon, F Crowe, F Drogan, D Ferrari, P Johansson, I Kaaks, R Linseisen, J Lund, E Manjer, J Mattiello, A Palli, D Peeters, PHM Rinaldi, S Skeie, G Trichopoulou, A Vineis, P Wirfalt, E Overvad, K Stromberg, U AF Vesper, Hubert W. Slimani, Nadia Hallmans, Goran Tjonneland, Anne Agudo, Antonio Benetou, Vassiliki Bingham, Sheila Boeing, Heiner Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas Chirlaque, Dolores Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise Crowe, Francesca Drogan, Dagmar Ferrari, Pietro Johansson, Ingegerd Kaaks, Rudolf Linseisen, Jakob Lund, Eiliv Manjer, Jonas Mattiello, Amalia Palli, Domenico Peeters, Petra H. M. Rinaldi, Sabina Skeie, Guri Trichopoulou, Antonia Vineis, Paolo Wirfalt, Elisabet Overvad, Kim Stromberg, Ulf TI Cross-sectional study on acrylamide hemoglobin adducts in subpopulations from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acrylamide; glycidamide; European Prospective Investigation into Cancer; smoking; alcohol consumption; gender ID GENERAL-POPULATION; DIETARY-INTAKE; GLYCIDAMIDE; EXPOSURE; SMOKING; BIOMARKERS; INDUCTION; RATS; MICE; GENOTOXICITY AB Acrylamide exposure was investigated in subgroups of the EPIC study population (510 subjects from 9 European countries, randomly selected and stratified by age, gender, and smoking status) using hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and its primary metabolite glycidamide (HbGA). Blood samples were analyzed for HbAA and HbGA by HPLC/MS/MS. Statistical models for HbAA and HbGA were developed including body mass index (BMI), educational level, and physical activity. A large variability in acrylamide exposure and metabolism between individuals and country groups was observed with HbAA and HbGA values ranging between 15-623 and 8-377 pmol/g of Hb, respectively. Both adducts differed significantly by country, sex, and smoking status. HbGA values were significantly lower in high alcohol consumers than in moderate consumers. With increasing BMI, HbGA in nonsmokers and HbAA in smokers decreased significantly. In the assessment of potential health effects related to acrylamide exposure, country of origin, BMI, alcohol consumption, sex, and smoking status should be considered. C1 [Vesper, Hubert W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Slimani, Nadia; Ferrari, Pietro; Rinaldi, Sabina] Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. [Hallmans, Goran; Johansson, Ingegerd] Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Umea, Sweden. [Tjonneland, Anne] Danish Canc Soc, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Agudo, Antonio] Catalan Inst Oncol, Lhospitalet De Llobregat, Spain. [Benetou, Vassiliki; Trichopoulou, Antonia] Univ Athens, Sch Med, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. [Bingham, Sheila] Ctr Nutr Epidemiol Canc Prevent & Survival, Cambridge, England. [Boeing, Heiner; Drogan, Dagmar] German Inst Human Nutr, Berlin, Germany. [Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine; Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise] Inst Gustave Roussy, INSERM ER120, Villejuif, France. [Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Chirlaque, Dolores] Murcia Hlth Council, Murcia, Spain. [Crowe, Francesca] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Kaaks, Rudolf; Linseisen, Jakob] German Canc Res Ctr, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [Lund, Eiliv; Skeie, Guri] Univ Tromso, Tromso, Norway. [Manjer, Jonas] Malmo Univ Hosp, Malmo, Sweden. [Mattiello, Amalia] Univ Naples Federico 2, Naples, Italy. [Palli, Domenico] CSPO Sci Inst Tuscany, Florence, Italy. [Peeters, Petra H. M.] Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Vineis, Paolo] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Wirfalt, Elisabet; Stromberg, Ulf] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. [Overvad, Kim] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Aalborg, Denmark. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS F25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM HVesper@cdc.gov RI Boutron Ruault, Marie-Christine/G-3705-2013; Boutron, Marie-Christine/K-8168-2013; Linseisen, Jakob/B-5353-2014; Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise/G-6733-2014; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine/H-3936-2014; Mattiello, Amalia/K-5112-2016; OI Linseisen, Jakob/0000-0002-9386-382X; Mattiello, Amalia/0000-0003-3676-7353; Skeie, Guri/0000-0003-2476-4251; Agudo, Antonio/0000-0001-9900-5677; PALLI, Domenico/0000-0002-5558-2437 NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 6046 EP 6053 DI 10.1021/jf703750t PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 335DF UT WOS:000258270300011 PM 18624432 ER PT J AU Wan, HQ Sorrell, EM Song, HC Hossain, MJ Ramirez-Nieto, G Monne, I Stevens, J Cattoli, G Capua, I Chen, LM Donis, RO Busch, J Paulson, JC Brockwell, C Webby, R Blanco, J Al-Natour, MQ Perez, DR AF Wan, Hongquan Sorrell, Erin M. Song, Haichen Hossain, Md Jaber Ramirez-Nieto, Gloria Monne, Isabella Stevens, James Cattoli, Giovanni Capua, Ilaria Chen, Li-Mei Donis, Ruben O. Busch, Julia Paulson, James C. Brockwell, Christy Webby, Richard Blanco, Jorge Al-Natour, Mohammad Q. Perez, Daniel R. TI Replication and Transmission of H9N2 Influenza Viruses in Ferrets: Evaluation of Pandemic Potential SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB H9N2 avian influenza A viruses are endemic in poultry of many Eurasian countries and have caused repeated human infections in Asia since 1998. To evaluate the potential threat of H9N2 viruses to humans, we investigated the replication and transmission efficiency of H9N2 viruses in the ferret model. Five wild-type (WT) H9N2 viruses, isolated from different avian species from 1988 through 2003, were tested in vivo and found to replicate in ferrets. However these viruses achieved mild peak viral titers in nasal washes when compared to those observed with a human H3N2 virus. Two of these H9N2 viruses transmitted to direct contact ferrets, however no aerosol transmission was detected in the virus displaying the most efficient direct contact transmission. A leucine (Leu) residue at amino acid position 226 in the hemagglutinin ( HA) receptor-binding site (RBS), responsible for human virus-like receptor specificity, was found to be important for the transmission of the H9N2 viruses in ferrets. In addition, an H9N2 avian-human reassortant virus, which contains the surface glycoprotein genes from an H9N2 virus and the six internal genes of a human H3N2 virus, showed enhanced replication and efficient transmission to direct contacts. Although no aerosol transmission was observed, the virus replicated in multiple respiratory tissues and induced clinical signs similar to those observed with the parental human H3N2 virus. Our results suggest that the establishment and prevalence of H9N2 viruses in poultry pose a significant threat for humans. C1 [Wan, Hongquan; Sorrell, Erin M.; Song, Haichen; Hossain, Md Jaber; Ramirez-Nieto, Gloria; Perez, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, Virginia Maryland Regional Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD USA. [Monne, Isabella; Cattoli, Giovanni; Capua, Ilaria] Viale Univ, Ist Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Venezie, Natl Reference Lab Avian Influenza & Newcastle Dis, FAO, OIE, Padua, Italy. [Stevens, James; Chen, Li-Mei; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Mol Virol & Vaccines Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Busch, Julia; Paulson, James C.] Scripps Rese Inst, Dept Chem Physiol, La Jolla, CA USA. [Busch, Julia; Paulson, James C.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA USA. [Brockwell, Christy; Webby, Richard] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Div Virol, Memphis, TN USA. [Blanco, Jorge] Virion Syst Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Al-Natour, Mohammad Q.] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Vet Med, Dept Pathol & Anim Hlth, Irbid, Jordan. RP Wan, HQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, Virginia Maryland Regional Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD USA. EM dperez1@umd.edu OI Perez, Daniel/0000-0002-6569-5689 FU CDC-HHS [1U01CI000355]; NIAID-NIH [R01AI052155]; CSREES-USDA [2005-05523]; NIGMS [GM062116] FX This research was made possible through funding by the CDC-HHS grant (1U01CI000355), NIAID-NIH, grant (R01AI052155) and CSREES-USDA grant (2005-05523). The authors thank the Scripps Research Institute and the Consortium for Functional Glycomics, funded by NIGMS grant GM062116, for the use of the glycan microarray technology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 154 Z9 169 U1 2 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 8 AR e2923 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002923 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 422FK UT WOS:000264412600009 PM 18698430 ER PT J AU Hull, HF Frauendienst, RS Gundersen, ML Monsen, SM Fishbein, DB AF Hull, Harry F. Frauendienst, Renee S. Gundersen, Margene L. Monsen, Susan M. Fishbein, Daniel B. TI School-based influenza immunization SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; immunization; schoolchildren; schools; school-based immunization; influenza vaccine ID VACCINATION; CHILDREN; SCHOOLCHILDREN; EFFICACY AB Annual influenza vaccination of schoolchildren will protect individual vaccines and, with high coverage, may protect entire communities. Because schoolchildren are more difficult to reach than preschoolers, school-based immunization programs may be needed to reach a high percentage of children. We offered free live, attenuated influenza vaccine to all healthy schoolchildren (K-12) in three Minnesota counties. Counties vaccinated from 33% to 58% of students. Overall, 41% of enrolled children were vaccinated. Elementary students were vaccinated at higher rates than olderstudents. Administrative costs averaged $9.78 per dose delivered. School-based immunization programs offer the potential to achieve higher vaccination coverage of schoolchildren at modest cost. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hull, Harry F.] HF Hull & Associates, St Paul, MN 55116 USA. [Frauendienst, Renee S.] Stearns Cty Human Serv, St Cloud, MN USA. [Gundersen, Margene L.] Mower Cty PHN Serv, Austin, MN USA. [Monsen, Susan M.] Lincoln Lyon Murray Pipestone Publ Hlth Serv, Marshall, MN USA. [Fishbein, Daniel B.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hull, HF (reprint author), HF Hull & Associates, 1140 St Dennis Ct, St Paul, MN 55116 USA. EM hullhf@msn.com FU CDC FX This activity was supported in part by funding provided through a grant from the CDC as part of the Emerging Infections Programs and a donation of vaccine by MedImmune. NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 12 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 34 BP 4312 EP 4313 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.015 PG 2 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 342WF UT WOS:000258813600004 PM 18577411 ER PT J AU Parker, AA Dayan, GH Seward, JF AF Parker, Amy A. Dayan, Gustavo H. Seward, Jane F. TI Mumps in the United States - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Parker, Amy A.; Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dayan, Gustavo H.] Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA 18370 USA. RP Parker, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 359 IS 6 BP 654 EP 655 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 334IY UT WOS:000258216700025 ER PT J AU Mitsch, A Hu, X Harrison, KM Durant, T AF Mitsch, A. Hu, X. Harrison, K. McDavid Durant, T. TI Trends in HIV/AIDS diagnoses among men who have sex with men - 33 states, 2001-2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 681-686, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Mitsch, A.; Hu, X.; Harrison, K. McDavid; Durant, T.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mitsch, A (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 5 BP 497 EP 499 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 333YG UT WOS:000258188900005 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Song, RG Rhodes, P Prejean, J An, Q Lee, LM Karon, J Brookmeyer, R Kaplan, EH McKenna, MT Janssen, RS AF Hall, H. Irene Song, Ruiguang Rhodes, Philip Prejean, Joseph An, Qian Lee, Lisa M. Karon, John Brookmeyer, Ron Kaplan, Edward H. McKenna, Matthew T. Janssen, Robert S. CA HIV Incidence Surveillance Grp TI Estimation of HIV incidence in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIDS EPIDEMIC; DISEASE PROGRESSION; SURVEILLANCE DATA; INCIDENCE RATES; RISK; PREVENTION; INFECTION; HIV/AIDS; DIAGNOSES; INFORMATION AB Context Incidence of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) in the United States has not been directly measured. New assays that differentiate recent vs long- standing HIV infections allow improved estimation of HIV incidence. Objective To estimate HIV incidence in the United States. Design, Setting, and Patients Remnant diagnostic serum specimens from patients 13 years or older and newly diagnosed with HIV during 2006 in 22 states were tested with the BED HIV- 1 capture enzyme immunoassay to classify infections as recent or long- standing. Information on HIV cases was reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through June 2007. Incidence of HIV in the 22 states during 2006 was estimated using a statistical approach with adjustment for testing frequency and extrapolated to the United States. Results were corroborated with back-calculation of HIV incidence for 1977- 2006 based on HIV diagnoses from 40 states and AIDS incidence from 50 states and the District of Columbia. Main Outcome Measure Estimated HIV incidence. Results An estimated 39 400 persons were diagnosed with HIV in 2006 in the 22 states. Of 6864 diagnostic specimens tested using the BED assay, 2133 ( 31%) were classified as recent infections. Based on extrapolations from these data, the estimated number of new infections for the United States in 2006 was 56 300 ( 95% confidence interval [ CI], 48 200- 64 500); the estimated incidence rate was 22.8 per 100 000 population ( 95% CI, 19.5- 26.1). Forty- five percent of infections were among black individuals and 53% among men who have sex with men. The back- calculation ( n= 1.230 million HIV/ AIDS cases reported by the end of 2006) yielded an estimate of 55 400 ( 95% CI, 50 000- 60 800) new infections per year for 2003- 2006 and indicated that HIV incidence increased in the mid- 1990s, then slightly declined after 1999 and has been stable thereafter. Conclusions This study provides the first direct estimates of HIV incidence in the United States using laboratory technologies previously implemented only in clinic-based settings. New HIV infections in the United States remain concentrated among men who have sex with men and among black individuals. C1 [Hall, H. Irene; Song, Ruiguang; Rhodes, Philip; Prejean, Joseph; Lee, Lisa M.; McKenna, Matthew T.; Janssen, Robert S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [An, Qian] Ginn Grp Inc, Peachtree City, GA USA. [Karon, John] Emergint Corp, Louisville, KY USA. [Brookmeyer, Ron] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kaplan, Edward H.] Yale Univ, Sch Management, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. [Kaplan, Edward H.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Kaplan, Edward H.] Yale Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, New Haven, CT USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, MS E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ixh1@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD038209-02] NR 46 TC 832 Z9 858 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 5 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1001/jama.300.5.520 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 333YG UT WOS:000258188900013 PM 18677024 ER PT J AU Fang, J Mensah, GA Croft, JB Keenan, NL AF Fang, Jing Mensah, George A. Croft, Janet B. Keenan, Nora L. TI Heart failure-related hospitalization in the US, 1979 to 2004 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hospitalization; heart failure; trends; United States ID ACADEMIC-MEDICAL-CENTER; UNITED-STATES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; OLDER-ADULTS; MORTALITY; DISEASE; RATES; POPULATION; SURVIVAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine hospitalizations for heart failure in the U. S. during the past 26 years. Background Heart failure increased in the U. S.; however, little is known about the long-term trends in diseases leading to hospitalizations among patients with heart failure. Methods Using National Hospital Discharge Survey data from 1979 to 2004, we assessed trends in hospitalizations for heart failure as either a first-listed or additional (2nd to 7th) diagnosis. Among hospitalizations with any mention of heart failure, we assessed the distribution of first-listed diagnoses. Results The number of hospitalizations with any mention of heart failure tripled from 1,274,000 in 1979 to 3,860,000 in 2004; 65% to 70% of admissions were patients with additional diagnoses of heart failure. Heart failure hospitalization rates increased sharply with age. More than 80% of hospitalizations were among patients of at least 65 years and were paid by Medicare/ Medicaid. Age-adjusted hospitalization rates between 1979 and 2004 increased for heart failure as either the first-listed or additional diagnosis. Whereas heart failure was the first-listed diagnosis for 30% to 35% of these hospitalizations, the proportion with respiratory diseases and noncardiovascular, nonrespiratory diseases as the first-listed diagnoses increased. Heart failure hospitalizations that resulted in transfers to long-term care facilities increased, and in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay declined. Conclusions With the increased aging of the U. S. population and advanced therapeutic interventions that improve survival, it is expected that heart failure hospitalizations at older ages and the associated economic burden to Medicare will continue to increase in the future. C1 [Fang, Jing; Keenan, Nora L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Croft, Janet B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mensah, George A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fang, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jfang@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 39 TC 292 Z9 307 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 52 IS 6 BP 428 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.03.061 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 331RW UT WOS:000258031300004 PM 18672162 ER PT J AU Dhankhar, P Vaidya, SA Fishbien, DB Meltzer, MI AF Dhankhar, Praveen Vaidya, Sagar A. Fishbien, Daniel B. Meltzer, Martin I. TI Cost effectiveness of rabies post exposure prophylaxis in the United States SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rabies; vaccine; post exposure prophylaxis; cost per life saved; cost effectiveness; dogs; raccoons; United States ID POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS AB There is growing concern in the United States about the excessive use of rabies post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatment. In this paper we have estimated the cost effectiveness of rabies PEP treatment under various scenarios of rabies transmission. When the risk of a patient getting rabies is deemed greater than 0.7%, then giving PEP will be cost saving (societal perspective). For lower risks of transmission, cost effectiveness estimates ranged from approximately $500,000 per life saved to $billions. The uncertainty caused by the wide range of cost effectiveness can only be resolved through analysis of data describing rabies transmission risk in a variety of scenarios. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dhankhar, Praveen; Meltzer, Martin I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Serv, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Vaidya, Sagar A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Combined Internal Med Pediat Program, New York, NY USA. [Fishbien, Daniel B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emerging Infect & Surveillance Serv, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM qzm4@cdc.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 08042] NR 15 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 33 BP 4251 EP 4255 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.048 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 338QO UT WOS:000258522800022 PM 18599167 ER PT J AU Belongia, EA Shay, DK AF Belongia, Edward A. Shay, David K. TI Influenza vaccine for community-acquired pneumonia SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID ETIOLOGY; ADULTS; INFECTION; OLDER C1 [Belongia, Edward A.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Shay, David K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belongia, EA (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM belongia.edward@marshfieldclinic.org OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 2 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 9636 BP 352 EP 354 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61137-X PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 334AZ UT WOS:000258196000007 PM 18675671 ER PT J AU Wallace, SA Miller, KS Forehand, R AF Wallace, Scyatta A. Miller, Kim S. Forehand, Rex TI Perceived peer norms and sexual intentions among African American preadolescents SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID URBAN YOUNG ADOLESCENTS; 1ST INTERCOURSE; RISK BEHAVIORS; INITIATION; PREDICTORS; TRANSITION; FRIENDS; YOUTH AB The purpose of the research was to examine whether perceived peer dating and sexual experience norms are related to attitudes toward dating and sexual behavior and to precoital and sexual intentions among African American preadolescents. Participants included 1,046 African American youth aged 9-12 years (M = 10.57 years). Youth completed a baseline survey as part of a larger intervention study. Perceived peer norms regarding dating and sexual experience were positively related to youth attitudes toward dating and sexual behavior. Youth who perceived their peers as not engaging in sexual activity were less likely to have precoital or sexual intentions. The relationships were not moderated by gender of the preadolescent. Findings from this study suggest that addressing peer norms around dating and sexual activity among preadolescent African American youth may be important for prevention efforts aimed at encouraging abstinence and the delay of sexual activity. C1 [Wallace, Scyatta A.] SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. [Miller, Kim S.] Div HIV AIDS Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Forehand, Rex] Univ Vermont, Dept Psychol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Wallace, SA (reprint author), SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Box 1240,450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. EM Scyatta.Wallace@downstate.edu FU PHS HHS [UG4/CCU417720] NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 360 EP 369 DI 10.1521/aeap.2008.20.4.360 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 332AA UT WOS:000258052700007 PM 18673068 ER PT J AU Gardner, LI Marks, G O'Daniels, CM Wilson, TE Golin, C Wright, J Quinlivan, EB Bradley-Springer, L Thompson, M Raffanti, S Thrun, M AF Gardner, Lytt I. Marks, Gary O'Daniels, Christine M. Wilson, Tracey E. Golin, Carol Wright, Julie Quinlivan, E. Byrd Bradley-Springer, Lucy Thompson, Melanie Raffanti, Stephen Thrun, Mark TI Implementation and evaluation of a clinic-based behavioral intervention: Positive steps for patients with HIV SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; RISK BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES AB We conducted a demonstration project to design, implement, and evaluate a risk-reduction intervention delivered by medical providers to patients with HIV during routine care in 2005 and 2006. Medical providers at seven HIV clinics in the United States received training to deliver an intervention in which they screened patients for behavioral risks, gave targeted counseling, and delivered prevention messages. A longitudinal cohort (n = 767) of patients completed a baseline questionnaire and two follow-up questionnaires (6-month intervals) after the intervention was initiated. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations (GEE) methods were used in analyses. The cohort had a median age of 41, was 58% black, 28% white, and 10% Hispanic; 32% were women and 42% self-identified as men who have sex with men. The 3-month prevalence of unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse (UAVI) with any partners declined significantly (p < 0.001) from baseline (42%) to follow-up (26% at first follow-up, 23% at second follow-up). The decline was significant with partners who were HIV-negative/unknown serostatus or HIV-positive. Cohort patients' self-reported receipt of safer-sex counseling at all, some, or no clinic visits during the interval between baseline and first follow-up showed a dose-response relationship with decline in prevalence of UAVI in that interval, with relative reductions of 45%, 35%, and 19%, respectively. All findings were confirmed in multivariate models that controlled for demographic factors and HIV clinical status of participants. This project demonstrated that with only brief training, HIV medical providers successfully conducted an HIV prevention intervention with their clinic patients. Our findings indicate that clinics that serve HIV patients can incorporate such programs as standard of care. C1 [Gardner, Lytt I.; Marks, Gary; O'Daniels, Christine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [O'Daniels, Christine M.] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wilson, Tracey E.] SUNY, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Golin, Carol; Quinlivan, E. Byrd] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Wright, Julie] Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Bradley-Springer, Lucy] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Thompson, Melanie] AIDS Res Consortium Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. [Raffanti, Stephen] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Thrun, Mark] Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. RP Gardner, LI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lgardner@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 8 BP 627 EP 635 DI 10.1089/apc.2007.0210 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 344AA UT WOS:000258896400004 PM 18627280 ER PT J AU Marhefka, SL Koenig, LJ Allison, S Bachanas, P Bulterys, M Bettica, L Tepper, VJ Abrams, EJ AF Marhefka, Stephanie L. Koenig, Linda J. Allison, Susannah Bachanas, Pamela Bulterys, Marc Bettica, Linda Tepper, Vicki J. Abrams, Elaine J. TI Family experiences with pediatric antiretroviral therapy: Responsibilities, barriers, and strategies for remembering medications SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; BEHAVIORAL SKILLS MODEL; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; REPORTED ADHERENCE; INCREASE ADHERENCE; ASTHMA MANAGEMENT; HEALTH OUTCOMES; EMPIRICAL-TEST AB This study examines the relationship between adherence to pediatric HIV regimens and three family experience factors: (1) regimen responsibility; (2) barriers to adherence; and (3) strategies for remembering to give medications. Caregivers of 127 children ages 2-15 years in the PACTS-HOPE multisite study were interviewed. Seventy-six percent of caregivers reported that their children were adherent (taking >= 90% of prescribed doses within the prior 6 months). Most caregivers reported taking primary responsibility for medication-related activities (72%-95% across activities); caregivers with primary responsibility for calling to obtain refills (95%) were more likely to have adherent children. More than half of caregivers reported experiencing one or more adherence barriers (59%). Caregivers who reported more barriers were also more likely to report having non-adherent children. Individual barriers associated with nonadherence included forgetting, changes in routine, being too busy, and child refusal. Most reported using one or more memory strategies (86%). Strategy use was not associated with adherence. Using more strategies was associated with a greater likelihood of reporting that forgetting was a barrier. For some families with adherence-related organizational or motivational difficulties, using numerous memory strategies may be insufficient for mastering adherence. More intensive interventions, such as home-based nurse-administered dosing, may be necessary. C1 [Marhefka, Stephanie L.] New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Marhefka, Stephanie L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Koenig, Linda J.; Bulterys, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Allison, Susannah; Tepper, Vicki J.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Bachanas, Pamela] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bettica, Linda] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Pediat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Abrams, Elaine J.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Harlem Hosp Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Abrams, Elaine J.] Coll Phys & Surg, Tampa, FL USA. RP Marhefka, SL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Coll Publ Hlth, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd,MDC 56, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM smarhefk@health.usf.edu OI Marhefka, Stephanie/0000-0001-7708-1521 FU U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through cooperative agreements [U64/CCU207228]; UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School [U64/CCU202219]; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine [U64/CCU404456]; the National Institute of Mental Health [P30 MH43520] FX Dr. Allison is now at the National Institute of Mental Health, Division of AIDS & Health and Behavior Research, Center for Mental Health Research on AIDS. Dr. Bachanas is now at the CDC Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA. Dr. Bulterys is now at the CDC Global AIDS Program, Beijing, China. Dr. Marhefka is now at the University of South Florida, College of Public Health, Department of Community and Family Health.PACTS and PACTS-HOPE were funded by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through cooperative agreements U64/CCU207228 (MHRA of New York City), U64/CCU202219 (UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School), U64/CCU306825 (University of Maryland School of Medicine), and U64/CCU404456 (Emory University School of Medicine). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.During the production of this manuscript, Dr. Marhefka was supported by the Center Grant P30 MH43520 from the National Institute of Mental Health to the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Anke A. Ehrhardt, Ph. D., Principal Investigator, and NRSA T32 MH19139, Behavioral Sciences Research in HIV Infection, Anke A. Ehrhardt, Ph. D., Program Director. The authors would like to thank the Bronx Lebanon Hospital: Elizabeth Adams, Saroj Bakshi, Caroline Nubel, and Aida Rivas; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: April Bell, Mary Glenn Fowler, Darcy Freedman, Siva Rangarajan, Shawn Wei, and Bob Yang; the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health: Louise Kuhn; the Emory University School of Medicine: Corrine David Ferdon, Vickie Grimes, Francis Lee, Steven Nesheim, Mary Sawyer, and Kevin Sullivan; the Harlem Hospital Center: Susan Champion, Julia Floyd, and Cynthia Freeland,; the Jacobi Hospital Center: Jacob Abadi, Joanna Dobroszycki, Adell Harris, Genevieve Lambert, Michael Rosenberg, and Andrew Wiznia; the Metropolitan Hospital Center: Mahrukh Bamji, Grace Canillas, Nancy Cruz, and Lynn Jackson; the Medical and Health Research Association of New York City, Inc.: Tina Alford, Rosalind Carter, Mary Ann Chiasson, Eileen Rillamas-Sun, and Elisa Rivera; the Montefiore Medical Center: Julia Arnsten, Valerie Nedwin, Ellie Schoenbaum, and Anna Winston; the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey: Susan Abudato, Lucia Ejiofor, Jennis Hannah, Mary Jo Hoyt, Paul Palumbo, and Jeffrey Swerdlow; and the University of Maryland School of Medicine: John Farley, Susan Hines, Sue Lovelace, Katie Peery, and Peter Vink. NR 71 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 8 BP 637 EP 647 DI 10.1089/apc.2007.0110 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 344AA UT WOS:000258896400005 PM 18627275 ER PT J AU Bernstein, KT Begier, E Burke, R Karpati, A Hogben, M AF Bernstein, Kyle T. Begier, Elizabeth Burke, Ryan Karpati, Adam Hogben, Matthew TI HIV screening among US physicians, 1999-2000 SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID PRENATAL-CARE PROVIDERS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; INFECTION; RECOMMENDATIONS; SETTINGS AB In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) put forth recommendations for routine HIV screening for all individuals aged 13-64. The frequency and correlates of HIV screening among U. S. physicians in 2000 were examined to provide baseline data for evaluating the implementation of the 2006 CDC HIV testing guidelines through a survey mailed to a random sample of U. S. physicians in the American Medical Association's Masterfile. The primary outcome was self-reported HIV screening of asymptomatic male and nonpregnant female patients. A total of 4133 (adjusted completion rate of 70.2%) returned a completed survey. Overall, 1133 (28.4%) of physicians reported HIV screening. U. S. physicians, who were female, black, Hispanic, practiced in a city of more than 250,000 people, diagnosed HIV in the past 2 years, or followed up with patients to see if they notified their sexual partners, were more likely to screen their patients for HIV. Emergency medicine, internal medicine, and pediatrics specialists were less likely to screen than family/general practitioners. In 2000, only a quarter of U. S. physicians reported screening their patients for HIV and these rates varied by physician characteristics and practice settings. C1 [Bernstein, Kyle T.; Begier, Elizabeth; Burke, Ryan; Karpati, Adam] Bur HIV AIDS Prevent & Control, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Bernstein, Kyle T.] NYU Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, New York, NY USA. [Burke, Ryan] CDS CSTE Appl Epidemiol Fellowship Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hogben, Matthew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bernstein, KT (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, STD Prevent & Control Serv, 1360 Mission St,Suite 401, San Francisco, CA 94114 USA. EM kyle.bernstein@sfdph.org NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 8 BP 649 EP 656 DI 10.1089/apc.2007.0261 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 344AA UT WOS:000258896400006 PM 18627282 ER PT J AU Hao, L Yang, QH Li, Z Bailey, LB Zhu, JH Hu, DJ Zhang, BL Erickson, JD Zhang, L Gindler, J Li, S Berry, RJ AF Hao, Ling Yang, Quan-He Li, Zhu Bailey, Lynn B. Zhu, Jiang-Hui Hu, Dale J. Zhang, Bo-Lan Erickson, J. David Zhang, Le Gindler, Jacqueline Li, Song Berry, Robert J. TI Folate status and homocysteine response to folic acid doses and withdrawal among young Chinese women in a large-scale randomized double-blind trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; UNITED-STATES; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SERUM FOLATE; LONG-TERM; FORTIFICATION; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVENTION; CANCER AB Background: There are no large randomized trials of the effect of folic acid dosing regimens on blood folate and homocysteine concentrations. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the changes in folate and homocysteine concentrations in response to different folic acid doses and to withdrawal in young women not exposed to other sources of folic acid. Design: Women (n = 1108) were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 intervention groups for which daily intakes of folic acid for 6 mo were 100 mu g 1 time/d, 25 mu g 4 times/d, 400 mu g 1 time/d, 100 mu g 4 times/d, 4000 mu g 1 time/d, or 4000 mu g 1 time/wk. Plasma and red blood cell folate and homocysteine concentrations were measured at baseline; at 1, 3, and 6 mo; and 3 mo after the discontinuation of folic acid. Results: Folate and homocysteine concentrations were not different at baseline between the groups who had the same daily intake of folic acid as a single dose or multiple doses (P = 0.058). Plasma folate concentrations plateaued at 3 mo with 108% (95% CI: 97.7%, 120%), 259% (95% CI: 240%, 279%), 460% (95% CI: 417%, 503%), and 142% (95% CI: 123%, 162%) observed increases for the folic acid groups receiving 100, 400, and 4000 mu g/d and 4000 mu g/wk, respectively. The rate of reduction in folate concentrations during the 3 mo after cessation of folic acid was dose-dependent higher intakes were associated with faster reductions. Conclusions: Changes in folate and homocysteine concentrations were unaffected by different dosing schedules. After folic acid cessation, blood folate declined rapidly, which indicated that the intervention-enhanced folate status was rapidly diminished. C1 [Hao, Ling; Li, Zhu; Zhu, Jiang-Hui; Zhang, Le; Li, Song] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Hao, Ling; Li, Zhu; Zhu, Jiang-Hui; Zhang, Le] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Minist Hlth, Natl Reference Lab Reprod & Child Hlth, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Yang, Quan-He; Hu, Dale J.; Erickson, J. David; Berry, Robert J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bailey, Lynn B.] Univ Florida, Food Sci & Human Nutr Dept, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gindler, Jacqueline] Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Bangkok, Thailand. [Gindler, Jacqueline] Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Room 101,Res Ctr Bldg,38 Coll Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM lizhu3699@gmail.com OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Supported by a cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 55 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 448 EP 457 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 346FY UT WOS:000259055300026 PM 18689382 ER PT J AU Chevrier, J Eskenazi, B Holland, N Bradman, A Barr, DB AF Chevrier, Jonathan Eskenazi, Brenda Holland, Nina Bradman, Asa Barr, Dana B. TI Effects of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides on thyroid function during pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DDT; dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene; hexachlorobenzene; hydrocarbons; chlorinated; polychlorinated biphenyls; pregnancy; thyroid hormones ID FETAL-BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; FREE-THYROXINE; PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; ENZYME INDUCERS; HORMONE-LEVELS; HUMAN-SERUM; RATS; PCB AB In this study, the authors' objective was to determine whether serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene, p,p' -dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) are associated with thyroid function during pregnancy. These compounds, as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone, total thyroxine, and free thyroxine, were measured in serum samples collected between October 1999 and October 2000 from 334 pregnant women living in the Salinas Valley, California. Data were analyzed by multivariate linear regression. After adjustment for covariates, seven of the 19 PCB congeners detected in more than 75% of participants and the sum of those congeners were negatively associated with free thyroxine concentrations. PCBs 44, 52, and 183 remained significant after the exclusion of two outliers. Hexachlorobenzene concentrations were negatively associated with both free thyroxine and total thyroxine. PCB and hexachlorobenzene concentrations were strongly correlated, which hampered the authors' ability to identify their independent associations with thyroid function. None of the exposures under study were associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone. Results suggest that exposure to PCBs and/or hexachlorobenzene at background levels may affect thyroid function during pregnancy. These findings are of particular significance, since thyroid hormones of maternal origin may play an essential role in fetal neurodevelopment. C1 [Chevrier, Jonathan; Eskenazi, Brenda; Holland, Nina; Bradman, Asa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Chevrier, Jonathan; Eskenazi, Brenda] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Holland, Nina] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM eskenazi@berkeley.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009605]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH007400] NR 73 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 3 BP 298 EP 310 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn136 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 328GJ UT WOS:000257786100007 PM 18550560 ER PT J AU Minhas, V Crabtree, KL Chao, A M'soka, TJ Kankasa, C Bulterys, M Mitchell, CD Wood, C AF Minhas, Veenu Crabtree, Kay L. Chao, Ann M'soka, Tendai J. Kankasa, Chipepo Bulterys, Marc Mitchell, Charles D. Wood, Charles TI Early childhood infection by human herpesvirus 8 in Zambia and the role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coinfection in a highly endemic area SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herpesvirus 8; human; HIV-1; infection; sarcoma; Kaposi; Zambia ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; MOTHER-TO-CHILD; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; DNA-SEQUENCES; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; UGANDAN CHILDREN; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; AFRICA; BLOOD; WOMEN AB Kaposi's sarcoma occurs at high incidence among Zambian adults and children, but there is a paucity of data on human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) incidence and routes of infection, especially in children. Between 1998 and 2004, the authors conducted a prospective study of viral transmission in a cohort of 684 children in Lusaka, Zambia, to estimate the annual incidence of HHV-8 from birth through 48 months of age. Maternal and pediatric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection status was also determined. The results, based on 1,532 child-years of follow-up, showed that HHV-8 seroconversion occurs early in life. The incidence rate of HHV-8 seroconversion was 13.8 infections per 100 child-years by 48 months of age. HIV-1-infected children were at substantially higher risk for HHV-8 seroconversion (adjusted hazard ratio = 4.60, 95% confidence interval: 2.93, 7.22). Maternal HIV-1 and HHV-8 infection status were not independently associated with risk of HHV-8 seroconversion in the child. HHV-8 antibody titers in children followed at all consecutive time points revealed seroreversion of HHV-8 antibodies, with undetectable titers in some children at one or more time points after seroconversion. These results demonstrate that cross-sectional serologic screening probably underestimates true HHV-8 seroprevalence in young Zambian children because of fluctuations in detectable antibody titers. C1 [Minhas, Veenu; Crabtree, Kay L.; Wood, Charles] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Virol, Lincoln, NE USA. [Minhas, Veenu; Crabtree, Kay L.; Wood, Charles] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Chao, Ann; Bulterys, Marc] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Lusaka, Zambia. [M'soka, Tendai J.; Kankasa, Chipepo] Univ Teaching Hosp, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. [Bulterys, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mitchell, Charles D.] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL USA. RP Wood, C (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Morrison Ctr, Room 102C,4240 Fair St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM cwood1@unl.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW01492]; NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA075903, R01 CA75903]; NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR015635, P20 RR016469, P20 RR15635]; NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI060547] NR 54 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 3 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn125 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 328GJ UT WOS:000257786100008 PM 18515794 ER PT J AU Lochner, K Hummer, RA Bartee, S Wheatcroft, G Cox, C AF Lochner, Kimberly Hummer, Robert A. Bartee, Stephanie Wheatcroft, Gloria Cox, Christine TI The public-use National Health Interview Survey linked mortality files: Methods of reidentification risk avoidance and comparative analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE confidentiality; epidemiologic methods; health surveys; longitudinal studies; mortality ID REGRESSION AB The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) conducts mortality follow-up for its major population-based surveys. In 2004, NCHS updated the mortality follow-up for the 1986-2000 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) years, which because of confidentiality protections was made available only through the NCHS Research Data Center. In 2007, NCHS released a public-use version of the NHIS Linked Mortality Files that includes a limited amount of perturbed information for decedents. The modification of the public-use version included conducting a reidentification risk scenario to determine records at risk for reidentification and then imputing values for either date or cause of death for a select sample of records. To demonstrate the comparability between the public-use and restricted-use versions of the linked mortality files, the authors estimated relative hazards for all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk using a Cox proportional hazards model. The pooled 1986-2000 NHIS Linked Mortality Files contain 1,576,171 records and 120,765 deaths. The sample for the comparative analyses included 897,232 records and 114,264 deaths. The comparative analyses show that the two data files yield very similar results for both all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Analytical considerations when examining cause-specific analyses of numerically small demographic subgroups are addressed. C1 [Lochner, Kimberly; Bartee, Stephanie; Wheatcroft, Gloria; Cox, Christine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Hummer, Robert A.] Univ Texas Austin, Populat Res Ctr, Dept Sociol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Lochner, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM KLochner@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [1 R01 053696] NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 3 BP 336 EP 344 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn123 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 328GJ UT WOS:000257786100011 PM 18503037 ER PT J AU Herrinton, LJ Liu, LY Lewis, JD Griffin, PM Allison, J AF Herrinton, Lisa J. Liu, Liyan Lewis, James D. Griffin, Patricia M. Allison, James TI Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in a Northern California managed care organization, 1996-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-BASED COHORT; CROHNS-DISEASE; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; OLMSTED COUNTY; MORTALITY; MINNESOTA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVIVAL; EUROPE AB OBJECTIVE: There are few estimates of the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in North American communities. We sought to estimate the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC), among 3.2 million members of Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, for the period 1996-2002. METHODS: All health plan members who had one or more diagnoses of CD (ICD-9 code 555) or UC (ICD-9 code 556) on computerized records during the period 1996-2002 and with at least 12 months of membership were identified as possible IBD cases (N = 12,059). We randomly sampled 24% of these for chart review to confirm the diagnosis and obtain the initial diagnosis date. Incidence rates and the point prevalence on December 31, 2002 were standardized to the 2000 U. S. Census. RESULTS: The annual incidence rate per 100,000 persons was 6.3 for CD (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6-7.0) and 12.0 for UC (CI, 11.0-13.0). The point prevalence per 100,000 on December 31, 2002 was 96.3 for CD (95% CI, 89.6-103.0) and 155.8 for UC (95% CI, 146.6-164.9), increasing to 100.3 and 205.8 per 100,000, respectively, when hospital discharge data from 1985 to 1995 were included. The age-specific incidence of CD was bimodal, while UC incidence rose in early adulthood and remained elevated with advancing age. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence we estimated for CD was similar to the previous U. S. estimate. Our incidence estimate for UC was much higher than the previous U.S. estimate, but similar to that of recent Canadian and European studies. The prevalence we estimated for CD was somewhat lower than previous estimates. C1 [Herrinton, Lisa J.; Liu, Liyan; Allison, James] Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Lewis, James D.] Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Lewis, James D.] Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Griffin, Patricia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Allison, James] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Herrinton, LJ (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, 2000 Broadway Ave, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. NR 18 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 EI 1572-0241 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 103 IS 8 BP 1998 EP 2006 DI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01960.x PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 335GG UT WOS:000258278200018 PM 18796097 ER PT J AU Mazurek, JM Attfield, MD AF Mazurek, Jacek M. Attfield, Mlchae D. TI Silicosis mortality among young adults in the United States, 1968-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE occupational health; silicosis; surveillance; mortality; National Center for Health Statistics (US) ID CRYSTALLINE SILICA; DEATH CERTIFICATES; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; CONTROL TECHNOLOGY; INDUSTRY DATA; CONSTRUCTION; DISEASE; PNEUMOCONIOSIS; INFORMATION; OPERATIONS AB Background To describe silicosis deaths in young (aged 15-44) adults in the U.S. during 1968-2004. Methods We analyzed the National Center for Health Statistics multiple cause-of-death records. Results Compared with silicosis decedents aged >= 45 years (n = 15,643), young decedents (n = 237) were more likely to have silicosis listed as the underlying cause of death (74.3 % vs. 48.2 % P < 0.001), to be female (9.3% vs. 2.2%, P < 0.001) and black (37.1% vs. 11.7%, P < 0.001). Twenty-nine young silicosis decedents had industry and occupation information available. Occupations in construction and manufacturing industries were associated with significantly elevated proportionate mortality ratios for young silicosis deaths. Conclusions Silicosis deaths occur among young adults. Because these deaths are likely to reflect more intense and recent exposures, the follow-back investigations into the work sites where these individuals were exposed to silica should be conducted. C1 [Mazurek, Jacek M.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Mazurek, JM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mailstop HG 900-2, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM acq8@cdc.gov NR 59 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 51 IS 8 BP 568 EP 578 DI 10.1002/ajim.20597 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 328OY UT WOS:000257808900002 PM 18521821 ER PT J AU Callaghan, WM MacKay, AP Berg, CJ AF Callaghan, William M. MacKay, Andrea P. Berg, Cynthia J. TI Identification of severe maternal morbidity during delivery hospitalizations, United States, 1991-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pregnancy complication; severe maternal morbidity; surveillance ID PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE; OBSTETRIC ADMISSIONS; DISCHARGE DATA; PREECLAMPSIA; DIAGNOSES; MORTALITY; ACCURACY AB OBJECTIVE: This investigation aimed to identify pregnancy complications and risk factors for women who experienced severe maternal morbidity during the delivery hospitalization and to estimate severe maternal morbidity rates. STUDY DESIGN: We used the National Hospital Discharge Survey for 1991-2003 to identify delivery hospitalizations with maternal diagnoses and procedures that indicated a potentially life-threatening diagnosis or life-saving procedure. RESULTS: For 1991-2003, the severe maternal morbidity rate in the United States was 5.1 per 1000 deliveries. Most women who were classified as having severe morbidity had an ICD-9-CM code for transfusion, hysterectomy, or eclampsia. Severe morbidity was more common at the extremes of reproductive age and for black women, compared with white women. CONCLUSION: Severe maternal morbidity is 50 times more common than maternal death. Understanding these experiences of these women potentially could modify the delivery of care in healthcare institutions and influence maternal health policy at the state and national level. C1 [Callaghan, William M.; Berg, Cynthia J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [MacKay, Andrea P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Callaghan, WM (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM WCallaghan@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 199 IS 2 AR 133.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.12.020 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 331RY UT WOS:000258031500015 PM 18279820 ER PT J AU Fiore, MC Jaen, CR Baker, TB Bailey, WC Bennett, G Benowitz, NL Christiansen, BA Connell, M Curry, SJ Dorfman, SF Fraser, D Froelicher, ES Goldstein, MG Hasselblad, V Healton, CG Heishman, S Henderson, PN Heyman, RB Husten, C Koh, HK Kottke, TE Lando, HA Leitzke, C Mecklenburg, RE Mermelstein, RJ Morgan, G Mullen, PD Murray, EW Orleans, CT Piper, ME Robinson, L Stitzer, ML Theobald, W Tommasello, AC Villejo, L Wewers, ME Williams, C AF Fiore, Michael C. Jaen, Carlos Roberto Baker, Timothy B. Bailey, William C. Bennett, Glenn Benowitz, Neal L. Christiansen, Bruce A. Connell, Michael Curry, Susan J. Dorfman, Sally Faith Fraser, David Froelicher, Erika S. Goldstein, Michael G. Hasselblad, Victor Healton, Cheryl G. Heishman, Stephen Henderson, Patricia Nez Heyman, Richard B. Husten, Corinne Koh, Howard K. Kottke, Thomas E. Lando, Harry A. Leitzke, Cathlyn Mecklenburg, Robert E. Mermelstein, Robin J. Morgan, Glen Mullen, Patricia Dolan Murray, Ernestine W. Orleans, C. Tracy Piper, Megan E. Robinson, Lawrence Stitzer, Maxine L. Theobald, Wendy Tommasello, Anthony C. Villejo, Louise Wewers, Mary Ellen Williams, Christine CA Clinical Practice Guideline Treati TI A Clinical Practice Guideline for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update - A US Public Health Service report SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; SMOKING-CESSATION INTERVENTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; PRIMARY-CARE; TRANSDERMAL NICOTINE; FORMER SMOKERS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; SHORT-TERM; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AB Objective: To summarize the U.S. Public Health Service guideline Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update, which provides recommendations for clinical interventions and system changes to promote the treatment of tobacco dependence. Participants: An independent panel of 24 scientists and clinicians selected by the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality on behalf of the U.S. Public Health Service. A consortium of eight governmental and nonprofit organizations sponsored the update. Evidence: Approximately 8700 English-language, peer-reviewed articles and abstracts, published between 1975 and 2007, were reviewed for data that addressed assessment and treatment of tobacco dependence. This literature served as the basis for more than 35 meta-analyses. Consensus process: Two panel meetings and numerous conference calls and staff meetings were held to evaluate meta-analyses and relevant literature, to synthesize the results, and to develop recommendations. The updated guideline was then externally reviewed by more than 90 experts, made available for public comment, and revised. Conclusions: This evidence-based, updated guideline provides specific recommendations regarding brief and intensive tobacco-cessation interventions as well as system-level changes designed to promote the assessment and treatment of tobacco use. Brief clinical approaches for patients willing and unwilling to quit are described. C1 [Fiore, Michael C.; Baker, Timothy B.; Christiansen, Bruce A.; Connell, Michael; Fraser, David; Leitzke, Cathlyn; Piper, Megan E.; Theobald, Wendy] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jaen, Carlos Roberto] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Bailey, William C.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Bennett, Glenn] NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Benowitz, Neal L.; Froelicher, Erika S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Curry, Susan J.; Mermelstein, Robin J.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Dorfman, Sally Faith] Ferring Pharmaceut Inc, Parsippany, NJ USA. [Goldstein, Michael G.] Inst Healthcare Commun, New Haven, CT USA. [Hasselblad, Victor] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Healton, Cheryl G.] Amer Legacy Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Heishman, Stephen] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Henderson, Patricia Nez] Black Hills Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Rapid City, SD USA. [Heyman, Richard B.] Amer Acad Pediat, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Husten, Corinne] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Koh, Howard K.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kottke, Thomas E.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lando, Harry A.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Morgan, Glen] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Orleans, C. Tracy] Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Robinson, Lawrence] Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Stitzer, Maxine L.] Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Tommasello, Anthony C.] Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Villejo, Louise] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wewers, Mary Ellen] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Fiore, MC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 147 TC 226 Z9 237 U1 11 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 158 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.009 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 329TO UT WOS:000257893700011 ER PT J AU Kaur, T Singh, J Tong, SX Humphrey, C Clevenger, D Tan, WD Szekely, B Wang, YH Li, Y Muse, EA Kiyono, M Hanamura, S Inoue, E Nakamura, M Huffman, MA Jiang, BM Nishida, T AF Kaur, Taranjit Singh, Jatinder Tong, Suxiang Humphrey, Charles Clevenger, Donna Tan, Wendy Szekely, Brian Wang, Yuhan Li, Yan Muse, Epaphras Aux Kiyono, Mieko Hanamura, Shunkichi Inoue, Eiji Nakamura, Michio Huffman, Michael A. Jiang, Baoming Nishida, Toshisada TI Descriptive epidemiology of fatal respiratory outbreaks and detection of a human-related metapneumovirus in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Mahale Mountains National Park, western Tanzania SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mahale; chimpanzees; Pan troglodytes; habituated great apes; metapneumovirus; rotavirus; anthropozoonoses; zoonoses; respiratory disease; infectious disease ID SYNCYTIAL-VIRUS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; GREAT APES; EBOLA-VIRUS; INFECTION; DISEASE; UGANDA; TRACT; DECLINE; FOREST AB Over the past several years, acute and fatal respiratory illnesses have occurred in the habituated group of wild chimpanzees at the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Common respiratory viruses, such as measles and influenza, have been considered possible causative agents; however, neither of these viruses had been detected. During the fatal respiratory illnesses in 2003, 2005 and 2006, regular observations on affected individuals were recorded. Cause-specific morbidity rates were 98.3, 52.4 and 33.8%, respectively. Mortality rates were 6.9, 3.2 and 4.6%; all deaths were observed in infants 2 months-2 years 9 months of age. Nine other chimpanzees have not been seen since the 2006 outbreak and are presumed dead; hence, morbidity and mortality rates for 2006 may be as high as 47.7 and 18.5%, respectively. During the 2005 and 2006 outbreaks, 12 fecal samples were collected from affected and nonaffected chimpanzees and analyzed for causative agents. Analysis of fecal samples from 2005 suggests the presence of paramyxovirus, and in 2006 a human-related metapneumovirus was detected and identified in an affected chimpanzee whose infant died during the outbreak. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that the causative agent associated with these illnesses is viral and contagious, possibly of human origin; and that, possibly more than one agent may be circulating in the population. We recommend that baseline health data be acquired and food wadge and fecal samples be obtained and bio-banked as early as possible when attempting to habituate new groups of chimpanzees or other great apes. For already habituated populations, disease prevention strategies, ongoing health monitoring programs and reports of diagnostic findings should be an integral part of managing these populations. In addition, descriptive epidemiology should be a major component of disease outbreak investigations. C1 [Kaur, Taranjit; Singh, Jatinder; Clevenger, Donna; Szekely, Brian] Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Tong, Suxiang; Tan, Wendy; Wang, Yuhan; Li, Yan; Jiang, Baoming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Humphrey, Charles] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Muse, Epaphras Aux] Ruuaha Natl Pk, Vet Unit, Iringa, Tanzania. [Kiyono, Mieko; Hanamura, Shunkichi; Nakamura, Michio] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto, Japan. [Inoue, Eiji] Gifu Univ, Fac Appl Biol Sci, Gifu, Japan. [Huffman, Michael A.] Kyoto Univ, Primate Res Inst, Aichi, Japan. [Nishida, Toshisada] Japan Monkey Ctr, Aichi, Japan. RP Kaur, T (reprint author), Virginia Tech 0493, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, CRC 15, 1880 Pratt Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM taranjit@vt.edu NR 56 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 70 IS 8 BP 755 EP 765 DI 10.1002/ajp.20565 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 328GQ UT WOS:000257786800011 PM 18548512 ER PT J AU Pals, SL Murray, DM Alfano, CM Shadish, WR Hannan, PJ Baker, WL AF Pals, Sherri L. Murray, David M. Alfano, Catherine M. Shadish, William R. Hannan, Peter J. Baker, William L. TI Individually randomized group treatment trials: A critical appraisal of frequently used design and analytic approaches SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTION; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; INTRACLASS CORRELATION; WEIGHT-LOSS; SMOKING-CESSATION; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; CONSORT STATEMENT; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; CLINICAL-TRIALS AB Objectives. We reviewed published individually randomized group treatment (IRGT) trials to assess researchers' awareness of within-group correlation and determine whether appropriate design and analytic methods were used to test for treatment effectiveness. Methods. We assessed sample size and analytic methods in IRGT trials published in 6 public health and behavioral health journals between 2002 and 2006. Results. Our review included 34 articles; in 32 (94.1%) of these articles, inappropriate analytic methods were used. In only 1 article did the researchers claim that expected intraclass correlations (ICCs) were taken into account in sample size estimation; in most articles, sample size was nct mentioned or ICCs were ignored in the reported calculations. Conclusions. Trials in which individuals are randomly assigned to study conditions and treatments administered in groups may induce within-group correlation, violating the assumption of independence underlying commonly used statistical methods. Methods that take expected ICCs into account should be used in reexamining past studies and planning future studies to ensure that interventions are not judged effective solely on the basis of statistical artifacts. We strongly encourage investigators to report ICCs from IRGT trials and describe study characteristics clearly to aid these efforts. C1 [Pals, Sherri L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Murray, David M.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Alfano, Catherine M.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Behav & Hlth Promot, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Alfano, Catherine M.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Shadish, William R.] Univ Calif, Sch Social Sci Humanities & Arts, Merced, CA USA. [Hannan, Peter J.; Baker, William L.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Pals, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, MS E-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sfv3@cdc.gov RI Shadish, William/C-6104-2009; Baker, William/H-7977-2016 OI Baker, William/0000-0003-2172-0931 NR 67 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2008 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1418 EP 1424 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.127027 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 330KU UT WOS:000257940800016 PM 18556603 ER PT J AU Gilchrist, J Mandelbaum, BR Melancon, H Ryan, GW Silvers, HJ Griffin, LY Watanabe, DS Dick, RW Dvorak, J AF Gilchrist, Julie Mandelbaum, Bert R. Melancon, Heidi Ryan, George W. Silvers, Holly J. Griffin, Letha Y. Watanabe, Diane S. Dick, Randall W. Dvorak, Jiri TI A randomized controlled trial to prevent noncontact anterior Cruciate ligament injury in female collegiate soccer players SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE RCT; ACL; soccer; injuries ID PROSPECTIVE INTERVENTION; TEAM HANDBALL; KNEE INJURY; WOMEN; MEN; BASKETBALL; PATTERNS; SPORTS AB Background: Neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programs can decrease noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries; however, they may be difficult to implement within an entire team or the community at large. Hypothesis: A simple on-field alternative warm-up program can reduce noncontact ACL injuries. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial (clustered); Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Participating National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's soccer teams were assigned randomly to intervention or control groups. Intervention teams were asked to perform the program 3 times per week during the fall 2002 season. All teams reported athletes' participation in games and practices and any knee injuries. Injury rates were calculated based on athlete exposures, expressed as rate per 1000 athlete exposures. A z statistic was used for rate ratio comparisons. Results: Sixty-one teams with 1435 athletes completed the study (852 control athletes; 583 intervention). The overall anterior cruciate ligament injury rate among intervention athletes was 1.7 times less than in control athletes (0.199 vs 0.340; P =.198; 41% decrease). Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury rate among intervention athletes was 3.3 times less than in control athletes (0.057 vs 0.189; P = .066; 70% decrease). No anterior cruciate ligament injuries occurred among intervention athletes during practice versus 6 among control athletes (P = .014). Game-related noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in intervention athletes were reduced by more than half (0.233 vs 0.564; P = .218). Intervention athletes with a history of anterior cruciate ligament injury were significantly less likely to suffer another anterior cruciate ligament injury compared with control athletes with a similar history (P = .046 for noncontact injuries). Conclusion: This program, which focuses on neuromuscular control, appears to reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in collegiate female soccer players, especially those with a history of anterior cruciate ligament injury. C1 [Gilchrist, Julie] CDC, NCIPC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mandelbaum, Bert R.; Silvers, Holly J.; Watanabe, Diane S.] Santa Monica Orthoped & Sports Med Res Fdn, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Melancon, Heidi] Natl Recreat & Pk Assoc, Ashburn, VA USA. [Ryan, George W.] CDC, NCIPC, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Griffin, Letha Y.] Peachtree Orthoped, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dick, Randall W.] Natl Collegiate Athlet Assoc, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Dvorak, Jiri] Schulthess Clin, FIFA, Med Assessment & Res Ctr, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Gilchrist, J (reprint author), CDC, NCIPC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jrg7@cdc.gov RI Silvers, Holly/D-4467-2014 NR 23 TC 197 Z9 202 U1 23 U2 115 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1476 EP 1483 DI 10.1177/0363546508318188 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 331AU UT WOS:000257985900003 PM 18658019 ER PT J AU Stauffer, WM Weinberg, M Newman, RD Causer, LM Hamel, MJ Slutsker, L Cetron, MS AF Stauffer, William M. Weinberg, Michelle Newman, Robert D. Causer, Louise M. Hamel, Mary J. Slutsker, Laurence Cetron, Martin S. TI Pre-departure and post-arrival management of P. falciparum malaria in refugees relocating from sub-Saharan Africa to the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IMPORTED MALARIA; MONTAGNARD REFUGEES; RISK; DIAGNOSIS; TRAVELERS; CHILDREN; QUEBEC AB Plasmodium infection, often sub-clinical, is common in migrating sub-Saharan refugee populations. Refugees who subsequently develop clinical malaria suffer illness and exact a cost on state and local health care facilities. Untreated infection is also of public health concern because of the potential for local transmission. In response to increasing numbers of refugees originating in sub-Saharan Africa guidelines for the management of malaria in refugees migrating to the United States have been broadened and updated. The guidelines are based on available evidence-based literature and recent public health experience. These guidelines were critically reviewed, assessed, and approved by multiple National and State entities as well as outside experts. These consensus guidelines recommend that sub-Saharan African refugees relocating to the United States receive presumptive treatment of P. falciparum malaria before departure or during the domestic refugee medical screening after arrival. Presumptive therapy is not currently recommended for either non-falciparum malaria or for refugees relocating from areas outside sub-Saharan Africa. C1 [Stauffer, William M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Med, Dept Pediat,Sch Publ Hlth,Div Epidemiol & Communi, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Med Res Inst, Field Stn, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Stauffer, WM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Med, Dept Pediat,Sch Publ Hlth,Div Epidemiol & Communi, 420 Delaware St SE,Mayo Bldg D407,MMC 250, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM stauf0050@umn.edu NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 335RD UT WOS:000258306800001 PM 18689612 ER PT J AU Yamasaki, H Nakao, M Nakaya, K Schantz, PM Ito, A AF Yamasaki, Hiroshi Nakao, Minoru Nakaya, Kazuhiro Schantz, Peter M. Ito, Akira TI Short report: Genetic analysis of Echinococcus multilocularis originating from a patient with alveolar echinococcosis occurring in Minnesota in 1977 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FOXES VULPES-VULPES; RED FOXES; HYDATID-DISEASE; PREVALENCE; MICROSATELLITE; PROFILE; JAPAN; HOST; CITY; HLA AB To date, only a single proven case of autochthonous human alveolar echinococcosis has been recorded in Minnesota in 1977. At that time, echinococcal lesions removed from the patient were experimentally inoculated into voles, and the parasite materials obtained from the voles were preserved as histopathologic specimens for 30 years. In this study, retrospective genetic analysis of larval Echinococcus multilocularis originating in the human case was performed using the histopathologic specimens. DNA was extracted from the hematoxylin and eosin-stained specimens, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, 20 small fragments (100 similar to 216 bp) covering almost the entire sequences (97%) of the cox1 were successfully amplified, and the nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the E. multilocularis isolate from Minnesota was almost identical to an isolate from South Dakota rather than isolates from contiguous Alaska. C1 Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Anim Lab Med Res, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yamasaki, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Parasitol, Shinjuku Ku, Toyama 1-23-1, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. EM hyamasak@nih.go.jp RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 245 EP 247 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 335RD UT WOS:000258306800020 PM 18689631 ER PT J AU Ye, XY Bishop, AM Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Ye, Xiaoyun Bishop, Amber M. Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Automated on-line column-switchning HPLC-MS/MS method with peak focusing for measuring parcabens, triclosan, and other environmental phenols in human milk SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE parabens; triclosan; milk; HPLC-MS/MS; phenols ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN BREAST-MILK; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; CHEMICALS; EXPOSURE; SAFETY; PLASMA AB Parabens (esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid) and triclosan are widely used as preservatives and antimicrobial agents, respectively, in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. Because of their widespread use and potential risk to human health, assessing human exposure to these compounds in breastfed infants is of interest. We developed a sensitive method, using a unique on-line solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system with peak focusing feature, to measure in human milk the concentrations of five parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, and benzyl parabens), triclosan, and six other environmental phenols: bisphenol A (BPA); ortho-phenylphenol (OPP); 2,4-dichlorophenol; 2,5-dichlorophenol; 2,4,5trichlorophenol; and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3). The method, validated by use of breast milk pooled samples, shows good reproducibility (inter-day coefficient of variations ranging from 3.5% to 16.3%) and accuracy (spiked recoveries ranging from 84% to 119% at four spiking levels). The detection limits for most of the analytes are below 1 ng mL-1 in 100 pL of milk. We tested the usefulnes 3 of the method by measuring the concentrations of these twelve compounds in four human milk samples. We detected methyl paraben, propyl paraben, triclosan, BPA, OPP, and BP-3 in some of the samples tested. The free species of these compounds appear to be the most prevalent in milk. Nevertheless, to demonstrate the utility of these measures for exposure and risk assessment purposes, additional data about sampling and storage of the milk, and on the stability of the analytes in milk, are needed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ye, Xiaoyun; Bishop, Amber M.; Needham, Larry L.; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ye, XY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop FS3, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM xay5@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 20 TC 120 Z9 124 U1 15 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 622 IS 1-2 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.068 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 330RO UT WOS:000257960700015 PM 18602546 ER PT J AU Ressner, RA Griffith, ME Beckius, ML Pimentel, G Miller, RS Mende, K Fraser, SL Galloway, RL Hospenthal, DR Murray, CK AF Ressner, Roseanne A. Griffith, Matthew E. Beckius, Miriam L. Pimentel, Guillermo Miller, R. Scott Mende, Katrin Fraser, Susan L. Galloway, Renee L. Hospenthal, Duane R. Murray, Clinton K. TI Antimicrobial susceptibilities of geographically diverse clinical human isolates of Leptospira SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITIES; HAMSTER MODEL; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INTERROGANS; PENICILLIN; THERAPY; AGENTS; AZITHROMYCIN; AMOXICILLIN; DOXYCYCLINE AB Although antimicrobial therapy of leptospirosis has been studied in a few randomized controlled clinical studies, those studies were limited to specific regions of the world and few have characterized infecting strains. A broth microdilution technique for the assessment of antibiotic susceptibility has been developed at Brooke Army Medical Center. In the present study, we assessed the susceptibilities of 13 Leptospira isolates (including recent clinical isolates) from Egypt, Thailand, Nicaragua, and Hawaii to 13 antimicrobial agents. Ampicillin, cefepime, azithromycin, and clarithromycin were found to have MICs below the lower limit of detection (0.016 mu g/ml). Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem-cilastatin, penicillin G, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin had MIC(90)s between 0.030 and 0.125 mu g/ml. Doxycycline and tetracycline had the highest MIC(90)s: 2 and 4 mu g/ml, respectively. Doxycycline and tetracycline were noted to have slightly higher MICs against isolates from Egypt than against strains from Thailand or Hawaii; otherwise, the susceptibility patterns were similar. There appears to be possible variability in susceptibility to some antimicrobial agents among strains, suggesting that more extensive testing to look for geographic variability should be pursued. C1 [Murray, Clinton K.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv MCHE MDI, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Pimentel, Guillermo] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Miller, R. Scott] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Mende, Katrin] Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Galloway, Renee L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv MCHE MDI, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Clinton.Murray@amedd.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2750 EP 2754 DI 10.1128/AAC.00044-08 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 336LR UT WOS:000258365800007 PM 18411316 ER PT J AU Dahesh, S Hensler, ME Van Sorge, NM Gertz, RE Schrag, S Nizet, V Beall, BW AF Dahesh, Samira Hensler, Mary E. Van Sorge, Nina M. Gertz, Robert E., Jr. Schrag, Stephanie Nizet, Victor Beall, Bernard W. TI Point mutation in the group B streptococcal pbp2x gene conferring decreased susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEINS; PNEUMONIAE; 1A; 2X AB Beta-lactam antibiotics (BLAB) are the first-line agents used against group B streptococci (GBS) infection. A clonal set of four independent, invasive GBS isolates with elevated MICs to BLAs were identified that shared a pbp2x mutation (Q557E) corresponding to a resistance-conferring pneumococcal mutation. BLA sensitivity was restored through allelic replacement or complementation with the wild-type pbp2x. C1 [Dahesh, Samira; Hensler, Mary E.; Van Sorge, Nina M.; Nizet, Victor] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Pharmaceut & Drug Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nizet, Victor] Univ Calif San Diego, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gertz, Robert E., Jr.; Schrag, Stephanie; Beall, Bernard W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beall, BW (reprint author), CDC NCIRD DBD, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS C02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BBEALL@cdc.gov RI van Sorge, Nina/E-3290-2017 OI van Sorge, Nina/0000-0002-2695-5863 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD051796, R01 HD051796] NR 15 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2915 EP 2918 DI 10.1128/AAC.00461-08 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 336LR UT WOS:000258365800031 PM 18541727 ER PT J AU Hilborn, ED Yakrus, MA Covert, TC Harris, SI Donnelly, SF Schmitt, MT Toney, S Bailey, SA Stelma, GN AF Hilborn, Elizabeth D. Yakrus, Mitchell A. Covert, Terry C. Harris, Stephanie I. Donnelly, Sandra F. Schmitt, Michael T. Toney, Sean Bailey, Stephanie A. Stelma, Gerard N., Jr. TI Molecular comparison of mycobacterium avium isolates from clinical and environmental sources SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; WATER DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; COMPLEX; INTRACELLULARE; SAMPLES; AIDS AB We collected Mycobacterium avium isolates from clinical and drinking-water sources and compared isolates among themselves and to each other using molecular methods. Four clinical isolates were related to water isolates. Groups of indistinguishable clinical isolates were idenitified. The groups of identical clinical isolates suggest a common source of exposure. C1 [Hilborn, Elizabeth D.; Schmitt, Michael T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yakrus, Mitchell A.; Toney, Sean] Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Covert, Terry C.; Stelma, Gerard N., Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Harris, Stephanie I.; Bailey, Stephanie A.] US EPA, Reg Lab 10, Washington, DC USA. [Donnelly, Sandra F.] Clark Cty Water Reclamat Dist, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Hilborn, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-58 A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hilborn.e@epa.gov FU [1D-5128-NAEX]; [2D-5783-NAEX]; [2D-6115-NAEX] FX We thank Marie Coyle and LaDonna Carlson of Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA: Paul Swenson of the Seattle & King County Public Health Laboratory; Craig Colombel of the Washington State Public Health Laboratory; and Margaret Floyd, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, for technical Support. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Stacy L. Pfaller of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, and the technical assistance and expertise of Sandy Dunkel, Brian Hoyt, and Moya Joubert from the participating utility.; Isolates were purchased through contracts 1D-5128-NAEX, 2D-5783-NAEX, and 2D-6115-NAEX.; The views expressed in this report tire those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not Constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 74 IS 15 BP 4966 EP 4968 DI 10.1128/AEM.02900-07 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 337ZM UT WOS:000258474400047 PM 18539815 ER PT J AU Zhang, XZ Lee, PP Thompson, TJ Sharma, S Barker, L Geiss, LS Imperatore, G Gregg, EW Zhang, XP Saaddine, JB AF Zhang, Xinzhi Lee, Paul P. Thompson, Theodore J. Sharma, Sanjay Barker, Lawrence Geiss, Linda S. Imperatore, Giuseppina Gregg, Edward W. Zhang, Xuanping Saaddine, Jinan B. TI Health insurance coverage and use of eye care services SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; VISION CARE; ADULTS; PREVALENCE; CANADA; PEOPLE; ACCESS; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION AB Objective: To compare realized access or use of eye care services in adults with self-reported vision problems in Canada and the United States. Methods: Using the Joint Canada/United States Survey of Health, we examined the differences in use of eye care services in 2018 Canadian respondents and 2930 American respondents with self-reported vision problems. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses to estimate the probability that individuals with vision problems and various insurance categories would visit an eye care professional. Results: Approximately 8.2% of Americans with self-reported vision problems did not have health insurance. Americans without health insurance had the lowest age-adjusted rate of use of eye care services (42%) compared with Americans with private health insurance (67%) or public health insurance (55%) and Canadians (56%). The difference in use of eye care services between Americans without health insurance and Canadians narrowed when adjusted for income level and was almost eliminated when adjusted for having optional vision insurance. Individuals with optional vision insurance and those with higher income levels were more likely to use eye care services. Conclusions: Americans with vision problems who had health insurance accessed eye care services at a rate higher than or equal to that of their Canadian counterparts. The gap in access between Canadians and Americans without health insurance narrowed after adjustments for income level and optional vision insurance. C1 [Zhang, Xinzhi; Thompson, Theodore J.; Barker, Lawrence; Geiss, Linda S.; Imperatore, Giuseppina; Gregg, Edward W.; Zhang, Xuanping; Saaddine, Jinan B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lee, Paul P.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Durham, NC USA. [Sharma, Sanjay] Queens Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Sharma, Sanjay] Queens Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Kingston, ON, Canada. RP Zhang, XZ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailbox K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM XZhang4@cdc.gov OI Lee, Paul/0000-0002-3338-136X NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 126 IS 8 BP 1121 EP 1126 DI 10.1001/archopht.126.8.1121 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 336PQ UT WOS:000258377500013 PM 18695107 ER PT J AU Mrug, S Elliott, M Gilliland, MJ Grunbaum, JA Tortolero, SR Cuccaro, P Schuster, M AF Mrug, Sylvie Elliott, Marc Gilliland, M. Janice Grunbaum, Jo Anne Tortolero, Susan R. Cuccaro, Paula Schuster, Mark TI Positive parenting and early puberty in girls - Protective effects against aggressive behavior SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIOR; DELINQUENCY; ADJUSTMENT; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; ADOLESCENCE; DEPRESSION; CHILDREN; CONTEXT; STRESS; HEALTH AB Objective: To determine whether positive parenting practices are associated with less aggressive and delinquent behavior in early-maturing girls. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Interviews with a community sample of children and their caregivers were conducted in their homes or in a research setting. Participants: An ethnically diverse cohort of 330 fifth-grade girls ( mean age, 11.25 years) from 3 metropolitan areas. Main Exposure: Early onset of menarche, parental nurturance, knowledge of the child's activities, and communication. Main Outcome Measures: Physical, relational, and nonphysical aggression and delinquent behavior. Results: A total of 25% of girls could be reliably classified as early maturers. Early maturation was associated with delinquency (b = 0.53) but not aggression. Low levels of maternal nurturance were associated with delinquency and relational aggression (both b = -0.04). Early maturation was associated with higher relational aggression only at low levels of nurturance (b = 0.94), communication (b = 1.36), and knowledge (b = 1.06) (P < .05 for each interaction). Also, early maturation only predicted physical aggression when combined with low maternal nurturance (b = 0.93). Conclusions: Early puberty is a risk factor for delinquency, and early puberty combined with low parental nurturance, communication, or parental knowledge of the child's activities presents a risk for aggressive behavior in early adolescent girls. Early-maturing girls may benefit from increased parental nurturance, communication, and knowledge. C1 [Mrug, Sylvie] Univ Alabama, Dept Psychol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Gilliland, M. Janice] Univ Alabama, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Elliott, Marc; Schuster, Mark] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Schuster, Mark] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Schuster, Mark] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Grunbaum, Jo Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tortolero, Susan R.; Cuccaro, Paula] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Texas Prevent Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Mrug, S (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Psychol, 912 18th St South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM sylva@uab.edu OI Cuccaro, Paula/0000-0002-9551-4789 FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U19 DP002664, U48 DP000056, U48 DP000057]; PHS HHS [CCU409679, CCU609653, CCU915773] NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 162 IS 8 BP 781 EP 786 DI 10.1001/archpedi.162.8.781 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 334MF UT WOS:000258225200011 PM 18678812 ER PT J AU Krieg, EF Chrislip, DW Brightwell, WS AF Krieg, Edward F., Jr. Chrislip, David W. Brightwell, W. Stephen TI A meta-analysis of studies investigating the effects of lead exposure on nerve conduction SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nerve conduction; blood lead ID PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; INORGANIC LEAD; FOLLOW-UP; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; SUBCLINICAL NEUROPATHY; WORKERS; VELOCITY; MOTOR; NEUROTOXICITY; DISEASE AB Group means from nerve conduction studies of persons exposed to lead were used in a meta-analysis. Differences between the control and exposed groups, and the slopes between nerve conduction measurements and log(10) blood lead concentrations were estimated using mixed models. Conduction velocity was reduced in the median, ulnar, and radial nerves in the arm, and in the deep peroneal nerve in the leg. Distal latencies of the median, ulnar, and deep peroneal nerves were longer. No changes in the amplitudes of compound muscle or nerve action potentials were detected. The lowest concentration at which a relationship with blood lead could be detected was 33.0 mu g/dl for the nerve conduction velocity of the median sensory nerve. Lead may reduce nerve conduction velocity by acting directly on peripheral nerves or by acting indirectly, for example, on the kidney or liver. C1 [Krieg, Edward F., Jr.; Chrislip, David W.; Brightwell, W. Stephen] NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Krieg, EF (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-22, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM erk3@cdc.gov NR 81 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 82 IS 8 BP 531 EP 542 DI 10.1007/s00204-008-0292-z PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 341GZ UT WOS:000258703500005 PM 18421440 ER PT J AU Matthijnssens, J Ciarlet, M Rahman, M Attoui, H Banyai, K Estes, MK Gentsch, JR Iturriza-Gomara, M Kirkwood, CD Martella, V Mertens, PPC Nakagomi, O Patton, JT Ruggeri, FM Saif, LJ Santos, N Steyer, A Taniguchi, K Desselberger, U Van Ranst, M AF Matthijnssens, Jelle Ciarlet, Max Rahman, Mustafizur Attoui, Houssam Banyai, Krisztian Estes, Mary K. Gentsch, Jon R. Iturriza-Gomara, Miren Kirkwood, Carl D. Martella, Vito Mertens, Peter P. C. Nakagomi, Osamu Patton, John T. Ruggeri, Franco M. Saif, Linda J. Santos, Norma Steyer, Andrej Taniguchi, Koki Desselberger, Ulrich Van Ranst, Marc TI Recommendations for the classification of group A rotaviruses using all 11 genomic RNA segments SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; INTRAGENIC RECOMBINATION; MAMMALIAN ROTAVIRUSES; GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; STRAINS; NSP4; DISEASE AB Recently, a classification system was proposed for rotaviruses in which all the 11 genomic RNA segments are used (Matthijnssens et al. in J Virol 82:3204-3219, 2008). Based on nucleotide identity cut-off percentages, different genotypes were defined for each genome segment. A nomenclature for the comparison of complete rotavirus genomes was considered in which the notations Gx-P[x]-Ix-Rx-Cx-Mx-Ax-Nx-Tx-Ex-Hx are used for the VP7-VP4-VP6-VP1-VP2-VP3-NSP1-NSP2-NSP3-NSP4-NSP5/6 encoding genes, respectively. This classification system is an extension of the previously applied genotype-based system which made use of the rotavirus gene segments encoding VP4, VP7, VP6, and NSP4. In order to assign rotavirus strains to one of the established genotypes or a new genotype, a standard procedure is proposed in this report. As more human and animal rotavirus genomes will be completely sequenced, new genotypes for each of the 11 gene segments may be identified. A Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG) including specialists in molecular virology, infectious diseases, epidemiology, and public health was formed, which can assist in the appropriate delineation of new genotypes, thus avoiding duplications and helping minimize errors. Scientists discovering a potentially new rotavirus genotype for any of the 11 gene segments are invited to send the novel sequence to the RCWG, where the sequence will be analyzed, and a new nomenclature will be advised as appropriate. The RCWG will update the list of classified strains regularly and make this accessible on a website. Close collaboration with the Study Group Reoviridae of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses will be maintained. C1 [Matthijnssens, Jelle; Rahman, Mustafizur; Van Ranst, Marc] Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Lab Clin & Epidemiol Virol, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Louvain, Belgium. [Ciarlet, Max] Merck & Co Inc, Vaccine & Biol Clin Res, N Wales, PA 19454 USA. [Rahman, Mustafizur] ICDDR B Mohakhali, Virol Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Banyai, Krisztian] Hungarian Acad Sci, Vet Med Res Inst, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary. [Estes, Mary K.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Estes, Mary K.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Estes, Mary K.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med GI, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Gentsch, Jon R.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Iturriza-Gomara, Miren] Hlth Protect Agcy, Enter Virus Unit, Virus Reference Dept, Ctr Infect, London, England. [Martella, Vito] Univ Bari, Dept Publ Hlth & Anim Sci, Bari, Italy. [Nakagomi, Osamu] Nagasaki Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan. [Patton, John T.] NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ruggeri, Franco M.] Ist Super Sanita, Dipartimento Sanita Alimentare & Anim, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Saif, Linda J.] Ohio State Univ, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Matthijnssens, J (reprint author), Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Lab Clin & Epidemiol Virol, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Louvain, Belgium. EM jelle.matthijnssens@uz.kuleuven.be RI rahman, mustafizur/E-6918-2010; Iturriza Gomara, Miren/B-4351-2013; Ruggeri, Franco/B-5707-2013; Patton, John/P-1390-2014; Matthijnssens, Jelle/A-6770-2015; Santos, Norma/H-6986-2015; Matthijnssens, Jelle/B-8634-2016; Martella, Vito/K-3146-2016; OI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/0000-0001-5816-6423; Santos, Norma/0000-0002-5123-9172; Martella, Vito/0000-0002-5740-6947; Van Ranst, Marc/0000-0002-1674-4157; Steyer, Andrej/0000-0001-6819-2406; Mertens, Peter/0000-0002-3438-3738; Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/I/00001144]; Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AI000754-12]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI080656] NR 43 TC 328 Z9 337 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 153 IS 8 BP 1621 EP 1629 DI 10.1007/s00705-008-0155-1 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 327EY UT WOS:000257713600029 PM 18604469 ER PT J AU Martin, SB Dunn, C Freihaut, JD Bahnfleth, WP Lau, J Nedeljkovic-Davidovic, A AF Martin, Stephen B., Jr. Dunn, Chuck Freihaut, James D. Bahnfleth, William P. Lau, Josephine Nedeljkovic-Davidovic, Ana TI Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation - Current best practices SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AIR; DISINFECTION AB Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is the use of ultraviolet (UV) energy (electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light) to kill or inactivate viral, bacterial, and fungal species. The UV spectrum is commonly divided into UVA (wavelengths of 400 nm to 315 nm), UVB (315 nm to 280 nm), and UVC (280 nm to 200 nm). The entire UV spectrum can kill or inactivate many microorganisms, but UVC energy provides the most germicidal effect, with 265 nm being the optimum wavelength.(1). C1 [Martin, Stephen B., Jr.] NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Martin, Stephen B., Jr.] Penn State Univ, Dept Architectural Engn, Indoor Environm Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dunn, Chuck] Lumalier Corp, Memphis, TN USA. RP Martin, SB (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 50 IS 8 BP 28 EP + PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 337FR UT WOS:000258421400010 ER PT J AU Bitsko, RH Reefhuis, J Louik, C Werler, M Feldkamp, ML Waller, DK Frias, J Honein, MA AF Bitsko, Rebecca H. Reefhuis, Jennita Louik, Carol Werler, Martha Feldkamp, Marcia L. Waller, D. Kim Frias, Jaime Honein, Margaret A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Periconceptional use of weight loss products including ephedra and the association with birth defects SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiol Res DE weight loss; dieting; birth defects; pregnancy; ephedra ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; MATERNAL OBESITY; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; MULTIVITAMIN USE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; ADVERSE EVENTS; HEART-DEFECTS AB BACKGROUND: Weight loss products are frequently used by reproductive-aged women and these products may be taken (inadvertently or intentionally) during pregnancy. This Study assessed the association between periconceptional use of weight loss products and major structural birth defects. METHODS: Mothers of infants with birth defects (case infants) and a random sample of livebirths (control infants) born during the period 1998-2003 in 10 states participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Adjusted ORs (aORs) for the association between self-reported use of weight loss products and 23 categories of birth defects were Calculated. RESULTS: Mothers of control infants (2.4%) and 2.6% of mothers of case infants reported periconceptional use of weight loss products; 1.2%, of mothers of control infants and 1.3% of mothers of case infants reported using an ephedra-containing product. Use of any weight loss product was associated with anencephaly (aOR 2.6; 95%, CI: 1.3-5.3), dextro-transposition of the great arteries (aOR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-4.3), and aortic stenosis (aOR 3.4; 95%, CI: 1.5-7.9). Use of products containing ephedra showed an increased aOR with anencephaly (aOR 2.8; 95%, CI: 1.0-7.3), while other weight loss products were associated with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (aOR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.7), and aortic stenosis (aOR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3-3.5). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an association between periconceptional use of weight loss products and certain birth defects but the possible mechanism is not clear. This is the first finding of such an association and, because we examined a large number of exposure-outcome associations in a hypothesis-generating analysis, these results might have been due to chance. C1 [Bitsko, Rebecca H.; Reefhuis, Jennita; Frias, Jaime; Honein, Margaret A.] Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bitsko, Rebecca H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Work Force & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Louik, Carol; Werler, Martha] Boston Univ, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Feldkamp, Marcia L.] Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Utah Dept Hlth,Utah Birth Defect Network, Dept Pediat,Div Med Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Waller, D. Kim] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. RP Bitsko, RH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,M-S E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvk2@cdc.gov RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011; OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831; Louik, Carol/0000-0001-5429-5084; Werler, Martha/0000-0003-3392-6814 NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 82 IS 8 BP 553 EP 562 DI 10.1002/bdra.20472 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 342CZ UT WOS:000258763500002 PM 18553492 ER PT J AU Leoncini, E Baranello, G Orioli, IM Anneren, G Bakker, M Bianchi, F Bower, C Canfield, MA Castilla, EE Cocchi, G Correa, A De Vigan, C Doray, B Feldkamp, ML Gatt, M Irgens, LM Lowry, RB Maraschini, A Mc Donnell, R Morgan, M Mutchinick, O Poetzsch, S Riley, M Ritvanen, A Gnansia, ER Scarano, G Sipek, A Tenconi, R Mastroiacovo, P AF Leoncini, Emanuele Baranello, Giovanni Orioli, Ieda M. Anneren, Goeran Bakker, Marian Bianchi, Fabrizio Bower, Carol Canfield, Mark A. Castilla, Eduardo E. Cocchi, Guido Correa, Adolfo De Vigan, Catherine Doray, Berenice Feldkamp, Marcia L. Gatt, Miriam Irgens, Lorentz M. Lowry, R. Brian Maraschini, Alice Mc Donnell, Robert Morgan, Margery Mutchinick, Osvaldo Poetzsch, Simone Riley, Merilyn Ritvanen, Annukka Gnansia, Elisabeth Robert Scarano, Gioacchino Sipek, Antonin Tenconi, Romano Mastroiacovo, Pierpaolo TI Frequency of holoprosencephaly in the International Clearinghouse Birth Defects Surveillance systems: Searching for population variations SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE holoprosencephaly; epidemiology; prevalence; brain malformations; ICBDSR ID PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MALFORMATIONS; CALIFORNIA; ANOMALIES; ENGLAND; NETWORK AB BACKGROUND: Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a developmental field defect of the brain that results in incomplete separation of the cerebral hemispheres that includes less severe phenotypes, such as arhinencephaly and single median rnaxillary central incisor. Information on the epidemiology of HPE is limited, both because few population-based studies have been reported, and because small Studies must observe a greater number of years in order to accumulate sufficient numbers of births for a reliable estimate. METHODS: We collected data from 2000 through 2004 from 24 of the 46 Birth Defects Registry Members of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research. This Study is based on more than 7 million births in various areas from North and South America, Europe, and Australia. RESULTS: A total of 963 HPE cases were registered, yielding an overall prevalence of 1.31 per 10,000 births. Because the estimate was heterogeneous, possible causes of variations among populations were analyzed: random variation, Under-reporting and over-reporting bias, variation in proportion of termination of pregnancies among all registered cases and real differences among populations. CONCLUSIONS: The data do not suggest large differences in total prevalence of HPE among the studied Populations that would be useful to generate etiological hypotheses. C1 [Leoncini, Emanuele; Maraschini, Alice; Mastroiacovo, Pierpaolo] Ctr Int Clearinghouse Birth Defects Surveillance, Rome, Italy. [Baranello, Giovanni] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Ist Neuropsichiat Infantile, Rome, Italy. [Orioli, Ieda M.; Castilla, Eduardo E.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, ECLAMC, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Anneren, Goeran] Swedish Births Defects Registry, Stockholm, Sweden. [Anneren, Goeran] Uppsala Univ, Dept Clin Genet, Uppsala, Sweden. [Bakker, Marian] Univ Groningen, Med Ctr, Dept Genet, EUROCAT No Netherlands, Groningen, Netherlands. [Bianchi, Fabrizio] CNR, Ist Fisiol Clin, Sez Epidemiol & Biostat, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Bower, Carol] Women & Newborn Hlth Serv, Western Australian Birth Defects Registry, Subiaco, WA, Australia. [Canfield, Mark A.] Texas Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Bran, Austin, TX USA. [Cocchi, Guido] Univ Bologna, Ist Clin Pediat Prevent & Neonatol, Bologna, Italy. [Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [De Vigan, Catherine] INSERM, Registre Malformat Congenitales Paris, U149, Villejuif, France. [Doray, Berenice] Hop Hautepierre, Serv Genet Med, Strasbourg, France. [Feldkamp, Marcia L.] Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Gatt, Miriam] Dept Hlth Informat & Res, Malta Congenital Anomalies Registry, Guardamangia, Malta. [Irgens, Lorentz M.] Univ Bergen, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Med Birth Registry Norway, Bergen, Norway. [Irgens, Lorentz M.] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Bergen, Norway. [Lowry, R. Brian] Alberta Hlth & Wellness, Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance Syst, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Mc Donnell, Robert] Dr Steevens Hosp, Populat Hlth Directorate, HSE, Dublin, Ireland. [Morgan, Margery] Singleton Hosp, Congenital Anomaly Register & Informat Serv, Swansea SA2 8QA, W Glam, Wales. [Mutchinick, Osvaldo] Natl Inst Med Sci & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Genet, RYVEMCE, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Poetzsch, Simone] Otto Von Guericke Univ, Fac Med, Magdeburg, Germany. [Ritvanen, Annukka] Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welfare & Hlth STAKES, Helsinki, Finland. [Gnansia, Elisabeth Robert] Fac Laennec, Registre Malformat Rhone Alpes, REMERA, Lyon, France. [Sipek, Antonin] Inst Care Mother & Child, Dept Populat Teratol, Prague, Czech Republic. [Tenconi, Romano] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Pediat Genet Clin & Epidemiol, Padua, Italy. RP Mastroiacovo, P (reprint author), Ctr Int Clearinghouse Birth Defects Surveillance, Rome, Italy. RI Bianchi, Fabrizio/F-7900-2015; , emanuele/A-5466-2010 OI Bianchi, Fabrizio/0000-0002-3459-9301; , emanuele/0000-0002-7669-8535 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU207141] NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 82 IS 8 BP 585 EP 591 DI 10.1002/bdra.20479 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 342CZ UT WOS:000258763500005 PM 18566978 ER PT J AU Byers, TE Wolf, HJ Bauer, KR Bolick-Aldrich, S Chen, VW Finch, JL Fulton, JP Schymura, MJ Shen, T Van Heest, S Yin, X AF Byers, Tim E. Wolf, Holly J. Bauer, Katrina R. Bolick-Aldrich, Susan Chen, Vivien W. Finch, Jack L. Fulton, John P. Schymura, Maria J. Shen, Tiefu Van Heest, Scoff Yin, Xiang CA Patterns Care Study Grp TI The impact of socioeconomic status on survival after cancer in the United States - Findings from the National Program of Cancer Registries patterns of care study SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cancer; race; mortality; poverty; socioeconomic status ID HISPANIC WHITE WOMEN; BREAST-CANCER; PROSTATE-CANCER; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; COLORECTAL-CARCINOMA; INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH; RACE; DISPARITIES AB BACKGROUND. Understanding the ways in which socioeconomic status (SES) affects mortality is important for defining strategies to eliminate the unequal burden of cancer by race and ethnicity in the United States. METHODS. Disease stage, treatment, and 5-year mortality rates were ascertained by reviewing medical records, and SES was determined by analyzing income and education at the census tract level for 4844 women with breast cancer, 4332 men with prostate cancer, and 4422 men and women with colorectal cancer who were diagnosed in 7 U.S. states in 1997. RESULTS. Low SES was associated with more advanced disease stage and with less aggressive treatment for all 3 cancers. The hazard ratio (HR) for 5-year all-cause mortality associated with low SES was elevated after a diagnosis of breast cancer when the analysis was adjusted for age (HR, 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-1.87). Adjustment for mediating factors of race/ethnicity, comorbid conditions, cancer stage, and treatment reduced the association. The age-adjusted mortality risk associated with low SES was elevated after a diagnosis of prostate cancer (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13-1.57), and multivariate adjustments for mediating factors also reduced that association. There was less association between SES and mortality after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer. For all 3 cancer sites, low SES was a much stronger predictor of mortality among individuals aged <65 years and among individuals from racial/ethnic minority groups. CONCLUSIONS. The current results indicated that low SES is a risk factor for all-cause mortality after a diagnosis of cancer, largely because of a later stage at diagnosis and less aggressive treatment. These findings support the need to focus on SES as an underlying factor in cancer disparities by race and ethnicity. C1 [Byers, Tim E.; Yin, Xiang] Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Aurora, CO USA. [Wolf, Holly J.] Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Behav Hlth, Aurora, CO USA. [Bauer, Katrina R.] Calif Canc Registry, Sacramento, CA USA. [Bolick-Aldrich, Susan] S Carolina Cent Canc Registry, Columbia, SC USA. [Chen, Vivien W.] Louisiana Tumor Registry, New Orleans, LA USA. [Finch, Jack L.] Colorado Cent Canc Registry, Denver, CO USA. [Fulton, John P.] Rhode Isl Canc Registry, Providence, RI USA. [Schymura, Maria J.] New York State Canc Registry, Albany, NY USA. [Shen, Tiefu] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. [Van Heest, Scoff] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Byers, TE (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Mail Stop F-519,13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM tim.byers@uchsc.edu NR 47 TC 149 Z9 154 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 3 BP 582 EP 591 DI 10.1002/cncr.23567 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 328VG UT WOS:000257825700018 PM 18613122 ER PT J AU Ekwueme, DU Hall, IJ Richardson, LC Gardner, JG Royalty, J Thompson, TD AF Ekwueme, Donatus U. Hall, Ingrid J. Richardson, Lisa C. Gardner, James G. Royalty, Janet Thompson, Trevor D. TI Estimating personal costs incurred by a woman participating in mammography screening in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE personal cost; indirect cost; opportunity cost; transaction cost; mammography screening; National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program ID OUT-OF-POCKET; UNITED-STATES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; LOW-INCOME; WOMEN; TIME; BARRIER; CARE; GUIDELINES; IMPACT AB BACKGROUND. The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) covers the direct clinical costs of breast and cervical cancer screening and diagnostic follow-up for medically underserved, low-income women. Personal costs are not covered. In this report, the authors estimated personal costs per woman participating in NBCCEDP mammography screening by race/ethnicity and also estimated lifetime personal costs (ages 50-74 years). METHODS. A decision analysis model was constructed and parameterized by using empiric data from a retrospective cohort survey of mammography rescreening among women ages 50 years to 64 years who participated in the NBCCEDP Data from 1870 women were collected from 1999 to 2000. The model simulated the flow of resources incurred. by a woman participating in the NBCCEDP The analysis was stratified by annual income into 2 scenarios: Scenario 1, <$10,000; and Scenario 2, from $10,000 to <$20,000. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to appraise uncertainty, and all costs were standardized to 2000 U.S. dollars. RESULTS. in Scenario 1, for all races/ethnicities, a woman incurred a I-time cost of $17 and a discounted lifetime cost of $108 for 10 screens and $262 for 25 screens; in Scenario 2, these amounts were $31 and from $197 to $475, respectively. In both scenarios, a non-Hispanic white woman incurred the highest cost. The sensitivity analyses revealed that >70% of cost incurred was attributable to opportunity cost. CONCLUSIONS. Capturing and quantifying personal costs will help ascertain the total cost (ie, societal cost) of providing mammography screening to a medically underserved, low-income woman participating in a publicly funded cancer screening program and, thus, will help determine the true cost-effectiveness of such programs. C1 [Ekwueme, Donatus U.; Hall, Ingrid J.; Richardson, Lisa C.; Gardner, James G.; Royalty, Janet; Thompson, Trevor D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ekwueme, DU (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dce3@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 3 BP 592 EP 601 DI 10.1002/cncr.23613 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 328VG UT WOS:000257825700019 PM 18536027 ER PT J AU Biggs, ML Davis, MD Eaton, DL Weiss, NS Barr, DB Doody, DR Fish, S Needham, LL Chen, C Schwartz, SM AF Biggs, Mary L. Davis, Mark D. Eaton, David L. Weiss, Noel S. Barr, Dana B. Doody, David R. Fish, Sherianne Needham, Larry L. Chen, Chu Schwartz, Stephen M. TI Serum organochlorine pesticide residues and risk of testicular germ cell carcinoma: A population-based case-control study SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ACTIVITIES; ACTIVITY IN-VITRO; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CANCER INCIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; EUROPEAN COUNTRIES; PROSTATE-CANCER; BIRTH COHORT; BLOOD-LEVELS; TRENDS AB Testicular germ cell carcinoma (TGCC) is the most common malignancy among men ages 20 to 34 years. Although the pathogenesis of TGCC is poorly understood, suboptimal androgen levels or impaired androgen signaling may play a role. Some persistent organochlorine pesticides commonly found in human tissue possess antiandrogenic properties. We examined whether the risk of TGCC is associated with serum levels of 1.1. organochlorine pesticides, including p,p'-DDE, and whether the p,p'-DDE-TGCC association is modified by CAG or GGN repeat polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene. We conducted a population-based case-control study among 18- to 44-year-old male residents of three Washington State counties. Cases (n = 246) were diagnosed during 1.999 to 2003 with a first, primary TGCC. Controls (n = 630) were men of similar age with no history of TGCC from the same population identified through random-digit telephone dialing. Questionnaires elicited information on demographic, medical, and lifestyle factors. A blood specimen provided serum for gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of organochlorine pesticide residues and DNA for genotyping. We observed no clear patterns between TGCC risk and concentrations of any of the organochlorines measured, nor did we observe that the risk associated with p,p'-DDE was modified by androgen receptor CAG (<23 versus >= 23 repeats) or GGN (<17 versus >= 17 repeats) genotype. This study does not provide support for the hypothesis that adult exposure to organochlorine pesticides is associated with risk of TGCC. Due to uncertainty regarding how well organochlorine levels measured in adulthood reflect exposures during early life, further research is needed using exposure measurements collected in utero or during infancy. C1 [Biggs, Mary L.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Eaton, David L.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Weiss, Noel S.; Chen, Chu; Schwartz, Stephen M.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Weiss, Noel S.; Doody, David R.; Fish, Sherianne; Chen, Chu; Schwartz, Stephen M.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Program Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Davis, Mark D.; Barr, Dana B.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Biggs, ML (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Biostat, Box 354922, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mlbiggs@u.washington.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU National Cancer Institute, NIH [R01CA095790, R01CA085914]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH [T32ES007262, 5P30ES007033] FX National Cancer Institute, NIH grants R01CA095790 and R01CA085914 and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH grants T32ES007262 and 5P30ES007033. NR 46 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2012 EP 2018 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0032 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 342RI UT WOS:000258800800026 PM 18708392 ER PT J AU Patterson, DG Turner, WE Caudill, SP Needham, LL AF Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Turner, Wayman E. Caudill, Samuel P. Needham, Larry L. TI Total TEQ reference range (PCDDs, PCDFs, cPCBs, mono-PCBs) for the US population 2001-2002 SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE dioxin; PCBs; TEQ; reference range; human levels; body burden ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE LEVELS; DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS; HUMAN-SERUM; METHOD PERFORMANCE; BODY BURDEN; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; EXPOSURE; SAMPLES AB We report reference ranges for the total toxic equivalency (TEQ) and TEQ sub-fractions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), coplanar biphenyls (cPCBs), and mono-ortho-substituted biphenyls (mPCBs) in a statistically designed sampling of the US population in 2001-2002. The TEQ and TEQ sub-fractions have been stratified by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. The TEQ levels are lower using the 2005 toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) compared to using the 1998 TEF values, principally due to the much lower 2005 TEF values assigned to the mPCBs. Mexican Americans (MA) have significantly lower TEQ levels than both non-Hispanic whites (NHW) and non-Hispanic blacks (NHW). Using the 1998 or 2005 TEF values, males and females have nearly the same distribution of TEQ sub-fractions. We found a significant increase in TEQ levels with age for males, females, and NHW. About 80-90% of the total TEQ can be estimated by using seven congeners, namely 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 1,2,3,6,7,8HxCDD, 2,3A7,8-PeCDF, PCB-1 26, PCB-118, and PCB-156. We also measured geometric mean TEQ levels in pooled samples from the US population. The geometric mean TEQ levels also increase with age. In the youngest age group (12-19 years), the TEQ levels were higher in males than in females while females had higher TEQ levels than males in all older age groups. In the pools, as age increases the percent contribution of the PCDD TEQ levels increases while the percent contribution of the PCDF TEQ levels decreases for all race/ethnicity and sex strata. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Patterson, Donald G., Jr.; Turner, Wayman E.; Caudill, Samuel P.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Patterson, DG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM donpatt@etcmail.com RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 39 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 1 SU S SI SI BP S261 EP S277 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.074 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 350NJ UT WOS:000259359100042 PM 18511103 ER PT J AU Sjodin, A Papke, O McGahee, E Focant, JF Jones, RS Pless-Mulloli, T Toms, LML Herrmann, T Muller, J Needham, LL Patterson, DG AF Sjoedin, Andreas Paepke, Olaf McGahee, Ernest Focant, Jean-Francois Jones, Richard S. Pless-Mulloli, Tanja Toms, Leisa-Maree Leontjew Herrmann, Thomas Mueller, Jochen Needham, Larry L. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. TI Concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in household dust from various countries SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs); dust; indoor environment; human exposure ID FLAME RETARDANTS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; HUMAN SERUM; MILK; WORKERS; BLOOD AB Seven polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners were measured in the particulate fraction (<2 mm) of household dust samples (n = 40), collected in four different countries (Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and United States). Dust samples from Germany contained the lowest concentrations of total PBDEs (median: 74 ng/g, range: 17-550 ng/g dust). Australian dust contained the second lowest concentration (median: 1200 ng/g, range: 500-13,000 ng/g dust). The dust from the United States and Great Britain contained the highest measured amounts of total PBDEs (US median: 4200 ng/g dust, range: 520-29,000 ng/g; Great Britain median: 10,000 ng/g, range: 950-54,000 ng/g). Daily intake of PBDEs has been estimated from published reference values on daily dust intake rates. The highest daily intake of 2,21,4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) found was in the United States (< 1-330 ng/day) and the lowest was in Germany (<1-2 ng/day). The PBDE congeners present in commercially available pentabromodiphenyl ether were the highest in concentration in the United States, and the congener distribution was similar to that of the technical preparation (i.e., 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether [BDE-99] was similar in concentration to that of BDE-47). We conclude that further studies are required to investigate human indoor exposure to PBDEs across countries and to determine the risk factors related to indoor design factors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sjoedin, Andreas; McGahee, Ernest; Jones, Richard S.; Needham, Larry L.; Patterson, Donald G., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Paepke, Olaf; Herrmann, Thomas] ERGO Res, D-22305 Hamburg, Germany. [Focant, Jean-Francois] Univ Liege, Mass Spectrometry Lab, CART, Dept Chem, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Pless-Mulloli, Tanja] Newcastle Univ, Sch Populat & Hlth Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. [Toms, Leisa-Maree Leontjew; Mueller, Jochen] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. RP Sjodin, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM asjodin@cdc.gov RI Mueller, Jochen/C-6241-2008; Toms, Leisa-Maree/C-9530-2009; Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 OI Toms, Leisa-Maree/0000-0002-1444-1638; FU National Research Center for Environmental Toxicology (EnTox); Queensland Health FX We the authors would like to extend our gratitude to the all the volunteers of this study that offered their vacuum cleaner bags to us. We also like to acknowledge that the National Research Center for Environmental Toxicology (EnTox) is co-funded by Queensland Health. NR 33 TC 123 Z9 128 U1 7 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 1 SU S SI SI BP S131 EP S136 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.075 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 350NJ UT WOS:000259359100022 PM 18501952 ER PT J AU Gibbs, DA Martin, SL Johnson, RE Rentz, ED Clinton-Sherrod, M Hardison, J AF Gibbs, Deborah A. Martin, Sandra L. Johnson, Ruby E. Rentz, E. Danielle Clinton-Sherrod, Monique Hardison, Jennifer TI Child maltreatment and substance abuse among U.S. Army soldiers SO CHILD MALTREATMENT LA English DT Article DE child maltreatment; substance abuse; military; intimate partner violence ID US-ARMY; SPOUSE ABUSE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; FAMILY VIOLENCE; PHYSICAL ABUSE; ALCOHOL; NEGLECT; RISK; SEVERITY; PARTNER AB Although substance abuse has consistently been linked to child maltreatment, no study to date has described the extent of substance abuse among child maltreatment offenders within the military. Analysis of U. S. Army data on all substantiated incidents of parental child maltreatment committed between 2000 and 2004 by active duty soldiers found that 13% of offenders were noted to have been abusing alcohol or illicit drugs at the time of their child maltreatment incident. The odds of substance abuse were increased for offenders who committed child neglect or emotional abuse, but were reduced for child physical abuse. The odds of offender substance abuse nearly tripled in child maltreatment incidents that also involved co-occurring spouse abuse. Findings include a lack of association between offender substance abuse and child maltreatment recurrence, possibly because of the increased likelihood of removal of offenders from the home when either substance abuse or spouse abuse were documented. C1 RTI Int, Women Children & Families Res Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Martin, Sandra L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Martin, Sandra L.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Rentz, E. Danielle] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gibbs, DA (reprint author), RTI Int, Women Children & Families Res Program, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dag@rti.org RI McCarthy, Jodie/B-5760-2012 NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-5595 J9 CHILD MALTREATMENT JI Child Maltreatment PD AUG PY 2008 VL 13 IS 3 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1177/1077559507313462 PG 10 WC Family Studies; Social Work SC Family Studies; Social Work GA 328YW UT WOS:000257835100004 PM 18344494 ER PT J AU Tunkel, AR Glaser, CA Bloch, KC Sejvar, JJ Marra, CM Roos, KL Hartman, BJ Kaplan, SL Scheld, WM Whitley, RJ AF Tunkel, Allan R. Glaser, Carol A. Bloch, Karen C. Sejvar, James J. Marra, Christina M. Roos, Karen L. Hartman, Barry J. Kaplan, Sheldon L. Scheld, W. Michael Whitley, Richard J. TI The management of encephalitis: Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; VIRAL ENCEPHALITIDES; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; HUMAN RABIES AB Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with encephalitis were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The guidelines are intended for use by health care providers who care for patients with encephalitis. The guideline includes data on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of many viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, and helminthic etiologies of encephalitis and provides information on when specific etiologic agents should be considered in individual patients with encephalitis. C1 [Tunkel, Allan R.] Monmouth Med Ctr, Dept Med, Long Branch, NJ 07740 USA. [Glaser, Carol A.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. [Bloch, Karen C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Sejvar, James J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Marra, Christina M.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Roos, Karen L.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Hartman, Barry J.] Weill Cornell Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Kaplan, Sheldon L.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Scheld, W. Michael] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Whitley, Richard J.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Tunkel, AR (reprint author), Monmouth Med Ctr, Dept Med, 300 2nd Ave, Long Branch, NJ 07740 USA. EM atunkel@sbhcs.com NR 126 TC 249 Z9 274 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 303 EP 327 DI 10.1086/589747 PG 25 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 322UH UT WOS:000257400300001 PM 18582201 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Sanden, GN Cherry, JD Gal, AA Langston, C Tatti, KM Wu, KH Goldsmith, CS Greer, PW Montague, JL Eliason, MT Holman, RC Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR AF Paddock, Christopher D. Sanden, Gary N. Cherry, James D. Gal, Anthony A. Langston, Claire Tatti, Kathleen M. Wu, Kai-Hui Goldsmith, Cynthia S. Greer, Patricia W. Montague, Jeltley L. Eliason, Mark T. Holman, Robert C. Guarner, Jeannette Shieh, Wun-Ju Zaki, Sherif R. TI Pathology and pathogenesis of fatal Bordetella pertussis infection in infants SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRACHEAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE-CARE; PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; UNITED-STATES; DEATHS; PARAPERTUSSIS; LEUKOCYTOSIS; MACROPHAGES; PNEUMONIA; SHOCK AB Background. Each year, Bordetella pertussis infection causes an estimated 294,000 deaths worldwide, primarily among young, nonvaccinated children. Approximately 90% of all deaths due to pertussis in the Unites States occur in young infants. These children often develop intractable pulmonary hypertension; however, the pathophysiologic mechanism responsible for this complication has not been well characterized, and there have been no detailed descriptions of the pathology of this disease since the 1940s. Methods. Respiratory tissue samples obtained at autopsy from 15 infants aged <= 4 months who had polymerase chain reaction- or culture-confirmed B. pertussis pneumonia were evaluated by multiple histochemical stains, immunohistochemical evaluation, and electron microscopic examination. Results. The pulmonary histopathologic examination of the samples revealed a descending infection dominated by necrotizing bronchiolitis, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and fibrinous edema. All samples had marked leukocytosis, and most showed luminal aggregates of abundant leukocytes in small pulmonary arteries, veins, and lymphatics. A novel immunohistochemical stain for B. pertussis revealed abundant extracellular bordetellae in cilia of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, as well as intracellular bacteria and antigens in alveolar macrophages and ciliated epithelium. Conclusions. Pertussis should be suspected in any infant death associated with marked leukocytosis, bronchopneumonia, or refractory pulmonary hypertension, particularly in children aged <= 4 months. The pathologic findings identified in the respiratory tracts of these children, in addition to recognized physiologic responses of the infant lung to hypoxia, suggest that B. pertussis pneumonia triggers a cascade of events that includes acute pulmonary vasoconstriction and pertussis toxin-mediated increases in circulating leukocyte mass. These responses ultimately compromise pulmonary blood flow, exacerbate hypoxemia, and create a vicious cycle of refractory pulmonary hypertension. C1 [Paddock, Christopher D.; Goldsmith, Cynthia S.; Greer, Patricia W.; Montague, Jeltley L.; Eliason, Mark T.; Guarner, Jeannette; Shieh, Wun-Ju; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Holman, Robert C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sanden, Gary N.; Tatti, Kathleen M.; Wu, Kai-Hui] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gal, Anthony A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Cherry, James D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Langston, Claire] Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Langston, Claire] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, MS G-32,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cpaddock@cdc.gov RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887; NR 47 TC 111 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 328 EP 338 DI 10.1086/589753 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 322UH UT WOS:000257400300002 PM 18558873 ER PT J AU Friedman, A Shepeard, H Bender, J Levine, E Inokuchi, D Bloodgood, B AF Friedman, A. Shepeard, H. Bender, J. Levine, E. Inokuchi, D. Bloodgood, B. TI Current issues affecting chlamydia screening among girls and women: Findings from CDC exploratory research and implications for health care practice SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD AUG PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 BP 170 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.04.021 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 336QG UT WOS:000258379100027 ER PT J AU Thomson, KA Zotti, ME De Jesus, SL Rochat, R AF Thomson, K. A. Zotti, M. E. De Jesus, S. L. Rochat, R. TI Use of efficacious contraception among displaced and nondisplaced women in Bogota, Colombia SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thomson, K. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD AUG PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 BP 185 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.04.077 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 336QG UT WOS:000258379100081 ER PT J AU Maddox, RA Belay, ED Curns, AT Zou, WQ Nowicki, S Lembach, RG Geschwind, MD Haman, A Shinozaki, N Nakamura, Y Borer, MJ Schonberger, LB AF Maddox, Ryan A. Belay, Ermias D. Curns, Aaron T. Zou, Wen-Quan Nowicki, Scott Lembach, Richard G. Geschwind, Michael D. Haman, Aissa Shinozaki, Naoshi Nakamura, Yosikazu Borer, Mark J. Schonberger, Lawrence B. TI Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Recipients of Corneal Transplants SO CORNEA LA English DT Article DE Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy; prion disease; iatrogenic; corneal transplant ID TRANSMISSION AB Purpose: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) transmission has been documented to occur from the use of corneal grafts. We report 4 cases of CJD with a history of corneal transplantation and assess the frequency of coincidental CJD among corneal transplant recipients. Methods: Medical records and eye bank documents were reviewed. Genetic and neuropathologic tests on available specimens were performed at the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center. Statistical analyses were used to determine the expected number of coincidental CJD cases among the US population with a history of corneal transplantation. Results: Four CJD decedents with histories of corneal transplantation were identified: 3 from the United States and 1 from Japan. The time from transplant to onset of CJD symptoms ranged from 2 years, 11 months to 18 years. Available eye bank records did not suggest evidence of neurologic illness in the donors. Using corneal transplantation and CJD death data from 1990 through 2006, statistical analyses suggest that a case of coincidental sporadic CJD will occur among the population of cortical transplant recipients approximately every 1.5 years. Conclusions: It is likely that these 4 recipients of transplanted corneas had sporadic CJD. Because of the many corneal transplantations performed each year in the United States, occasional cases of sporadic CJD in this population are expected. C1 [Maddox, Ryan A.; Belay, Ermias D.; Schonberger, Lawrence B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Curns, Aaron T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zou, Wen-Quan] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, Natl Prion Dis Pathol Surveillance Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Nowicki, Scott] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Lembach, Richard G.] Cent Ohio Lions Eye Bank, Columbus, OH USA. [Geschwind, Michael D.; Haman, Aissa] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, Memory & Aging Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Shinozaki, Naoshi] Ichikawa Gen Hosp, Tokyo Dent Coll, Cornea Ctr, Chiba, Japan. [Nakamura, Yosikazu] Jichi Med Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. [Borer, Mark J.] Tissue Banks Int, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Maddox, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Rmaddox@cdc.gov RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 FU The John Douglas French Alzheimer's Foundation (Los Angeles, CA); NIH/NIA [K23 AG021989]; NIH [AG021601]; NIH-NINDS General Clinical Research Center [N01 NS02328, M01 RR00079] FX Supported by The John Douglas French Alzheimer's Foundation (Los Angeles, CA), NIH/NIA K23 AG021989, NIH AG021601, Contract NIH-NINDS N01 NS02328, and M01 RR00079 General Clinical Research Center. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3740 J9 CORNEA JI Cornea PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 7 BP 851 EP 854 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 360KF UT WOS:000260055700021 PM 18650677 ER PT J AU Kandula, NR Diez-Roux, AV Chan, CL Daviglus, ML Jackson, SA Ni, HY Schreiner, PJ AF Kandula, Namratha R. Diez-Roux, Ana V. Chan, Cheeling Daviglus, Martha L. Jackson, Sharon A. Ni, Hanyu Schreiner, Pamela J. TI Association of acculturation levels and prevalence of diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 12-15, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Heart Assoc ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ASIAN-AMERICANS; ADULTS; US; POPULATION; OBESITY; IMMIGRANTS AB OBJECTIVE - The prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Hispanic and Asian Americans is increasing. These,groups are largely comprised of immigrants who may be undergoing behavioral and lifestyle changes associated with development of diabetes. We studied the association between acculturation and diabetes in a population sample of 708 Mexican-origin Hispanics 547 non-Mexican-origin Hispanics, and 737 Chinese participants in the multi-Ethnic Study 4 Atherosclerosis (MESA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose >= 126 mg/dl and/or use of antidiabetic medications. An acculturation score was calculated for all participants using nativity,),cars living in the U.S., and language spoken at home. The score ranged from 0 to 5 (0 = least acculturated and 5 = most acculturated). Relative risk regression was used to estimate the association between acculturation and diabetes. RESULTS - For non-Mexican-origin Hispanics, the Prevalence of diabetes was positively associated with acculturation score, after adjustment for sociodemographics. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher among the most acculturated versus the least acculturated non-Mexican-origin Hispanics (prevalence ratio 2.49 [95% CI 1.14-5.44]); the higher the (P for trend 0.059). This relationship acculturation score is, the higher the prevalence of diabetes between acculturation and diabetes was partly attenuated after adjustment for BMI or diet. Diabetes prevalence was not related to acculturation among Chinese or Mexican-origin Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS - Among non-Mexican-origin Hispanics in MESA, greater acculturation is associated With higher diabetes prevalence. The relation is atleast partly mediated by BMI and diet. Acculturation is a factor that should be considered when predictors of diabetes in racial/ethnic groups are examined. C1 [Kandula, Namratha R.] Northwestern Univ, Div Gen Internal Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Diez-Roux, Ana V.] Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chan, Cheeling; Daviglus, Martha L.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Jackson, Sharon A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ni, Hanyu] NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schreiner, Pamela J.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Kandula, NR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Div Gen Internal Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM n-kandula@northwestern.edu NR 25 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1621 EP 1628 DI 10.2337/dc07-2182 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 338CH UT WOS:000258482000032 PM 18458142 ER PT J AU Naheed, A Ram, PK Brooks, WA Mintz, ED Hossain, MA Parsons, MM Luby, SP Breiman, RF AF Naheed, Aliya Ram, Pavani K. Brooks, W. Abdullah Mintz, Eric D. Hossain, Md. Anowar Parsons, Michele M. Luby, Stephen P. Breiman, Robert F. TI Clinical value of Tubex (TM) and Typhidot (R) rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid fever in an urban community clinic in Bangladesh SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Tubex (TM); Typhidot (R); typhoid fever; Salmonella typhi; Bangladesh ID SALMONELLA-TYPHI; BONE-MARROW; WIDAL TEST; ENDEMIC AREA; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; ANTIBODIES; CULTURES; BLOOD; IMMUNOASSAY AB Tubex (TM) and Typhidot (R), rapid tests for typhoid fever, performed well in evaluations conducted in hospital settings among patients with culture-confinned typhoid fever. We evaluated these tests in a community clinic in Bangladesh. Blood samples were obtained from 867 febrile patients for culture, Typhidot (R) and Tubex (TM) tests. Considering the 43 blood culture-confirmed cases of typhoid fever as typhoid positive and the 24 other confirmed bacteremia cases as typhoid negative, Tubex (TM) was 60% sensitive and 58% specific, with 90% positive and 58% negative predictive values (NPVs); Typhidot (R) was 67% sensitive and 54% specific, with 85% positive and 81% NPVs. When blood culture-negative patients and other bacteremia cases together were considered typhoid negative, positive predictive values were only 14% for Tubex (TM) and 13% for Typhidot (R), increasing to only 38% and 20% when restricted to patients with >= 7 days of fever. We conclude that the value of Tubex (TM) and Typhidot (R) tests for typhoid fever diagnosis in a community clinic in urban Bangladesh is low. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Naheed, Aliya; Brooks, W. Abdullah; Hossain, Md. Anowar; Luby, Stephen P.; Breiman, Robert F.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res Bangladesh ICDDR B, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Ram, Pavani K.; Mintz, Eric D.; Parsons, Michele M.; Luby, Stephen P.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ram, Pavani K.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Breiman, Robert F.] CDC KEMRI, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Naheed, A (reprint author), Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res Bangladesh ICDDR B, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM anaheed@icddrb.org NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 61 IS 4 BP 381 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.03.018 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 334JW UT WOS:000258219100003 PM 18501549 ER PT J AU Srisuwanvilai, LO Monkongdee, P Podewils, LJ Ngamlert, K Pobkeeree, V Puripokai, P Kanjanamongkolsiri, P Subhachaturas, W Akarasewi, P Wells, CD Tappero, JW Varma, JK AF Srisuwanvilai, La-ong Monkongdee, Patama Podewils, Laura Jean Ngamlert, Keerataya Pobkeeree, Vallerut Puripokai, Panitchaya Kanjanamongkolsiri, Photjanart Subhachaturas, Wonchat Akarasewi, Pasakorn Wells, Charles D. Tappero, Jordan W. Varma, Jay K. TI Performance of the BACTEC MGIT 960 compared with solid media for detection of Mycobacterium in Bangkok, Thailand SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; diagnosis; MGIT; surveillance; HIV/AIDS ID LOWENSTEIN-JENSEN MEDIUM; 960 SYSTEM; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; RECOVERY; GROWTH; DIAGNOSIS; SENSITIVITY; MULTICENTER; TB AB Controlled trials have demonstrated that liquid media culture (LMC) is superior to solid media culture for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), but there is limited evidence about its performance in resource-limited settings. We evaluated the performance of LMC in a demonstration project in Bangkok, Thailand. Sputum specimens from persons with suspected or clinically diagnosed tuberculosis were inoculated in parallel on solid (Lowenstein-Jensen [LJ]) and liquid (mycobacterial growth indicator tube [MGIT 960]) media. Biochemical tests identified isolates as MTB or nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). Of 2566 specimens received from October 2004 to September 2006, 1355 (53%) were culture positive by MGIT compared with 10 13 (39%) by LJ. Median time to growth for MGIT was significantly less than LJ: I I versus 27 days. Of 1417 isolates detected by at least 1 media, 1255 (86%) were identified as MTB and 162 (11%) NTM. MGIT improved speed and sensitivity of MTB isolation and drug susceptibility testing, regardless of HIV status. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Podewils, Laura Jean; Wells, Charles D.; Tappero, Jordan W.; Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Srisuwanvilai, La-ong; Ngamlert, Keerataya; Puripokai, Panitchaya; Kanjanamongkolsiri, Photjanart; Subhachaturas, Wonchat] Bangkok Metropolitan Hlth Adm, Dept Hlth, Hlth Lab Div, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Monkongdee, Patama; Pobkeeree, Vallerut; Akarasewi, Pasakorn; Tappero, Jordan W.; Varma, Jay K.] US CDC Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok 11000, Thailand. RP Podewils, LJ (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lpp8@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 61 IS 4 BP 402 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.02.015 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 334JW UT WOS:000258219100006 PM 18440177 ER PT J AU Benoit, SR Estivariz, C Mogdasy, C Pedreira, W Galiana, A Galiana, A Bagnulo, H Gorwitz, R Fosheim, GE McDougal, LK Jernigan, D AF Benoit, Stephen R. Estivariz, Concepcion Mogdasy, Cristina Pedreira, Walter Galiana, Antonio Galiana, Alvaro Bagnulo, Homero Gorwitz, Rachel Fosheim, Gregory E. McDougal, Linda K. Jernigan, Daniel TI Community strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as potential cause of healthcare-associated infections, Uruguay,2002-2004 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; CASSETTE CHROMOSOME MEC; SCCMEC TYPE-IV; SKIN INFECTIONS; EMERGENCE; GENES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HOSPITALS; RISK AB Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) strains have emerged in Uruguay. We reviewed S. aureus isolates from a large healthcare facility in Montevideo (center A) and obtained information from 3 additional hospitals on patients infected with CA-MRSA. An infection was defined as healthcare-onset if the culture was obtained > 48 hours after hospital admission. At center A, the proportion of S. aureus infections caused by CA-MRSA increased from 4% to 23% over 2 years; the proportion caused by healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) decreased from 25% to 5%. Of 182 patients infected with CA-MRSA, 38 (21 %) had healthcare-onset infections. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis determined that 22 (92%) of 24 isolates were USA1100, a community strain. CA-MRSA has emerged in Uruguay and appears to have replaced HA-MRSA strains at 1 healthcare facility. In addition, CA-MRSA appears to cause healthcare-onset infections, a finding that emphasizes the need for infection control measures to prevent transmission within healthcare settings. C1 [Benoit, Stephen R.; Estivariz, Concepcion; Gorwitz, Rachel; Fosheim, Gregory E.; McDougal, Linda K.; Jernigan, Daniel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mogdasy, Cristina] Asociac Espanola, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Pedreira, Walter; Galiana, Antonio; Bagnulo, Homero] Hosp Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Galiana, Alvaro] Hosp Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay. RP Benoit, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E51, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sbenoit@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1216 EP 1223 DI 10.3201/eid1408.071183 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 334JA UT WOS:000258216900005 PM 18680644 ER PT J AU Patel, MM Widdowson, MA Glass, RI Akazawa, K Vinje, J Parashar, UD AF Patel, Manish M. Widdowson, Marc-Alain Glass, Roger I. Akazawa, Kenichiro Vinje, Jan Parashar, Umesh D. TI Systematic literature review of role of noroviruses in sporadic gastroenteritis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CALICIVIRUSES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CHIANG-MAI; ROTAVIRUS; PREVALENCE; INFECTIONS; DIARRHEA; INFANTS AB We conducted a systematic review of studies that used reverse transcription-PCR to diagnose norovirus (NoV) infections in patients with mild or moderate (outpatient) and severe (hospitalized) diarrhea. NoVs accounted for 12% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10%-15%) of severe gastroenteritis cases among children < 5 years of age and 12% (95% Cl 9%-15%) of mild and moderate diarrhea cases among persons of all ages. Of 19 studies among children < 5 years of age, 7 were in developing countries where pooled prevalence of severe NoV disease (12%) was comparable to that for industrialized countries (12%). We estimate that each year NoVs cause 64,000 episodes of diarrhea requiring hospitalization and 900,000 clinic visits among children in industrialized countries, and up to 200,000 deaths of children < 5 years of age in developing countries. Future efforts should focus on developing targeted strategies, possibly even vaccines, for preventing NoV disease and better documenting their impact among children living in developing countries, where > 95% of the deaths from diarrhea occur. C1 [Patel, Manish M.; Widdowson, Marc-Alain; Glass, Roger I.; Vinje, Jan; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Glass, Roger I.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Akazawa, Kenichiro] Chigasaki Tokushukai Med Ctr, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Patel, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aul3@cdc.gov OI Widdowson, Marc-Alain/0000-0002-0682-6933; Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 NR 41 TC 487 Z9 520 U1 3 U2 68 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1224 EP 1231 DI 10.3201/eid1408.071114 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 334JA UT WOS:000258216900006 PM 18680645 ER PT J AU Lanciotti, RS Kosoy, OL Laven, JJ Velez, JO Lambert, AJ Johnson, AJ Stanfield, SM Duffy, MR AF Lanciotti, Robert S. Kosoy, Olga L. Laven, Janeen J. Velez, Jason O. Lambert, Amy J. Johnson, Alison J. Stanfield, Stephanie M. Duffy, Mark R. TI Genetic and serologic properties of zika virus associated with an epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; INFECTIONS; NIGERIA; DENGUE; AEDES; RNA AB Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus first isolated in Uganda from a sentinel monkey in 1947. Mosquito and sentinel animal surveillance studies have demonstrated that ZIKV is endemic to Africa and Southeast Asia, yet reported human cases are rare with < 10 cases reported in the literature. In June 2007, an epidemic of fever and rash associated with ZIKV was detected in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia. We report the genetic and serologic properties of the ZIKV associated with this epidemic. C1 [Lanciotti, Robert S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Diagnost & Reference Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Lanciotti, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Diagnost & Reference Lab, 3150 Rampart Rd,CSU Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM rsl2@cdc.gov RI Franco-Hurtado, Fernando/E-5599-2017 OI Franco-Hurtado, Fernando/0000-0001-5775-0150 NR 21 TC 361 Z9 383 U1 76 U2 238 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1232 EP 1239 DI 10.3201/eid1408.080287 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 334JA UT WOS:000258216900007 PM 18680646 ER PT J AU Ortiz, JR Kamimoto, L Aubert, RE Yao, JY Shay, DK Bresee, JS Epstein, RS AF Ortiz, Justin R. Kamimoto, Laurie Aubert, Ronald E. Yao, Jianying Shay, David K. Bresee, Joseph S. Epstein, Robert S. TI Oseltamivir prescribing, United States, 2004-2005 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA AB We reviewed information from a US pharmacy benefits manager database from 2004 through 2005 during periods with little influenza activity. We calculated rates of oseltamivir prescriptions to enrollees. Prescription rates increased significantly from 27.3/100,000 in 2004 to 134/100,000 in 2005 (p < 0.05), which suggested that personal stockpiling of oseltamivir occurred. C1 [Ortiz, Justin R.; Kamimoto, Laurie; Shay, David K.; Bresee, Joseph S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Aubert, Ronald E.; Yao, Jianying; Epstein, Robert S.] Medco Hlth Solut Inc, Franklin Lakes, NJ USA. RP Ortiz, JR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 1959 NE Pacific St,Box 356522, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jrortiz@u.washington.edu NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1280 EP 1283 DI 10.3201/eid1408.080074 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 334JA UT WOS:000258216900017 PM 18680656 ER PT J AU Toro, A Adekambi, T Cheynet, F Fournier, PE Drancourt, M AF Toro, Alexandre Adekambi, Toidi Cheynet, Francois Fournier, Pierre-Edouard Drancourt, Michel TI Mycobacterium setense infection in humans SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; SP-NOV.; IDENTIFICATION; OSTEITIS C1 [Drancourt, Michel] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Fac Med, Unite Rickettsies, F-13385 Marseille 5, France. [Toro, Alexandre] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cheynet, Francois] Assistance Publ Hop Marseille, Marseille, France. RP Drancourt, M (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 2, Fac Med, Unite Rickettsies, 27 Blvd Jean Moulin, F-13385 Marseille 5, France. EM michel.drancourt@medecine.univ-mrs.fr NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1330 EP 1332 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 334JA UT WOS:000258216900039 PM 18680678 ER PT J AU Lu, XY Gooding, LR Erdman, DD AF Lu, Xiaoyan Gooding, Linda R. Erdman, Dean D. TI Human bocavirus in tonsillar lymphocytes SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION; CHILDREN C1 [Lu, Xiaoyan; Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gooding, Linda R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ddc1@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1332 EP 1334 DI 10.3201/eid1408.080300 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 334JA UT WOS:000258216900040 PM 18680679 ER PT J AU Eisen, L Eisen, RJ AF Eisen, Lars Eisen, Rebecca J. TI Improving methods for reporting spatial epidemiologic data - Response SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Eisen, Lars] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Eisen, Rebecca J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Eisen, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM eisen@colostate.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1336 EP 1337 DI 10.3201/eid1408.080561 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 334JA UT WOS:000258216900043 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI The rainbow at the edge of the shadow of the egg SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1339 EP 1340 DI 10.3201/eid1408.000000 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 334JA UT WOS:000258216900044 PM 18680682 ER PT J AU Einem, TL Divi, RL Shockley, ME Keshava, C Weston, A Poirier, MC AF Einem, T. L. Divi, R. L. Shockley, M. E. Keshava, C. Weston, A. Poirier, M. C. TI Abundant expression of CYP1A1 is positively, while CYP1B1 and NQ01 are negatively, associated with benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-DNA adduct formation in normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs) SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Einem, T. L.; Divi, R. L.; Shockley, M. E.; Poirier, M. C.] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Keshava, C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Weston, A.] NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 559 EP 559 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800167 ER PT J AU Riederer, AM Bartell, SM Barr, DB Ryan, PB AF Riederer, Anne M. Bartell, Scott M. Barr, Dana B. Ryan, P. Barry TI Diet and nondiet predictors of urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in NHANES 1999-2002 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE 3-phenoxybenzoic acid; biomarkers; dietary exposure; pesticides; pyrethroids ID HUMAN DOSE-EXCRETION; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; PEST-CONTROL OPERATION; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; PESTICIDES; NEUROTOXICITY; CYPERMETHRIN; POPULATION AB BACKGROUND: 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), a pyrethroid metabolite, was detected in 75% of urine samples analyzed for pesticides in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. NHANES also includes 24-hr diet data and information on household pesticide use, activities, occupation, demographics, and other exposure factors. OBJECTIVES: The objective of our study was to explore the relative importance of diet versus nondiet predictors in explaining variability in urinary 3PBA. A secondary objective was to explore whether the NHANES data could be used to identify particular foods driving 3PBA levels. METHODS: We divided subjects into child (6-10 years of age), teen (11-18 years), and adult (>= 19 years) age groups and restricted our analyses to subjects in the morning sampling session who fasted for >= 8 hr beforehand. Regression modeling consisted of several model-building steps and a final Tobit regression on the left-censored log 3PBA measurements. We also conducted bootstrap analyses to evaluate the stability of the regression parameters. RESULTS: Reported household pesticide use was not significantly associated with urinary 3PBA in any age group. Diet was significant for all three groups, and certain foods appeared to contribute more than others. Among adults, tobacco use was positively associated with 3PBA (p = 0.0326), and positive associations were suggested with the number of cytochrome p450-inhibiting medications taken (p = 0.0652) and minutes spent gardening (p = 0.0613) in the past month. CONCLUSIONS: Although exploratory, our findings underline the importance of collecting accurate data on household pesticide use and dietary intake when evaluating pyrethroid exposure-biomarker relationships. C1 [Riederer, Anne M.; Bartell, Scott M.; Ryan, P. Barry] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Bartell, Scott M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Program Publ Hlth, Irvine, CA USA. [Bartell, Scott M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Epidemiol, Irvine, CA USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Riederer, AM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM arieder@sph.emory.edu RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Bartell, Scott/M-8919-2013 OI Bartell, Scott/0000-0001-7797-2906 NR 53 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 116 IS 8 BP 1015 EP 1022 DI 10.1289/ehp.11082 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335DE UT WOS:000258270200021 PM 18709153 ER PT J AU Lederman, SA Jones, RL Caldwell, KL Rauh, V Sheets, SE Tang, D Viswanathan, S Becker, M Stein, JL Wang, RY Perera, FA AF Lederman, Sally Ann Jones, Robert L. Caldwell, Kathleen L. Rauh, Virginia Sheets, Stephen E. Tang, Deliang Viswanathan, Sheila Becker, Mark Stein, Janet L. Wang, Richard Y. Perera, Frederica A. TI Relation between cord blood mercury levels and early child development in a World Trade Center cohort SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE birth weight; child development; fish consumption; mercury; pregnancy; WTC ID EARLY COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; LOWER MANHATTAN; FISH CONSUMPTION; METHYLMERCURY; RISK; HAIR; PREGNANCY; INFANTS AB OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine whether prenatal mercury exposure, including potential releases from the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster, adversely affects fetal growth and child development. METHODS: We determined maternal and umbilical cord blood total mercury of nonsmoking women who delivered at term in lower Manhattan after I I September 200 1, and measured birth outcomes and child development. RESULTS: Levels of total mercury in cord and maternal blood were not significantly higher for women who resided or worked within I or 2 miles of the WTC in the month after 11 September, compared with women who lived and worked farther away. Average cord mercury levels were more than twice maternal levels, and both were elevated in women who reported eating fish/seafood during pregnancy. Regression analyses showed no significant association between (In) cord of maternal blood total mercury and birth outcomes. Log cord mercury was inversely associated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development psychomotor score [Psychomotor Development Index (PDI)] at 36 months (b = -4.2, p = 0.007) and with Performance (b = -3.4, p = 0.023), Verbal (b = -2.9, p = 0.023), and Full IQ scores (b = -3.8, p = 0.002) on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Revised (WPPSI-R), at 48 months, after controlling for fish/seafood consumption and other confounders. Fish/seafood consumption during pregnancy was significantly associated with a 5.6- to 9.9-point increase in 36-month PDI, and 48-month Verbal and Full IQ scores. CONCLUSIONS: Blood mercury was not significantly raised in women living or working close to the WTC site in the weeks after 11 September 2001. Higher cord blood mercury was associated with reductions in developmental scores at 36 and 48 months, after adjusting for the positive effects of fish/seafood consumption during pregnancy. C1 [Lederman, Sally Ann; Rauh, Virginia; Sheets, Stephen E.; Tang, Deliang; Viswanathan, Sheila; Perera, Frederica A.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Jones, Robert L.; Caldwell, Kathleen L.; Wang, Richard Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Becker, Mark] Columbia Univ, Ctr Int Earth Sci Informat Network, New York, NY USA. [Stein, Janet L.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Lederman, SA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, 100 Haven Ave,25F,Tower 3, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM sall@columbia.edu RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5P01 ES09600, 5R01 ES08977, ES09089, P01 ES009600, P30 ES009089, R01 ES008977] NR 42 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 15 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 116 IS 8 BP 1085 EP 1091 DI 10.1289/ehp.10831 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335DE UT WOS:000258270200031 PM 18709170 ER PT J AU Wolff, MS Engel, SM Berkowitz, GS Ye, X Silva, MJ Zhu, C Wetmur, J Calafat, AM AF Wolff, Mary S. Engel, Stephanie M. Berkowitz, Gertrud S. Ye, Xiaoyun Silva, Manori J. Zhu, Chenbo Wetmur, James Calafat, Antonia M. TI Prenatal phenol and phthalate exposures and birth outcomes SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE 2,5-DCP; birth length; birth weight; BMI; creatinine; phenols; phthalates; pregnancy; urinary biomarker ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; BISPHENOL-A; BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; AGRICULTURAL POPULATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METABOLITE LEVELS AB BACKGROUND: Many phthalates and phenols are hormonally active and are suspected to alter the course of development. OBJECTIVE: We investigated prenatal exposures to phthalate and phenol metabolites and their associations with body size measures of the infants at birth. METHODS: We measured 5 phenol and 10 phthalate urinary metabolites in a multiethnic cohort of 404 women in New York City during their third trimester of pregnancy and recorded size of infants at birth. RESULTS: Median urinary concentrations were > 10 mu g/L for 2 of 5 phenols and 6 of 10 phthalate monoester metabolites. Concentrations of low-molecular-weight phthalate monoesters (low-MWP) were approximately 5-fold greater than those of high-molecular-weight metabolites. Low-MWP metabolites had a positive association with gestational age [0.97 day gestational age per ln-biomarker; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07-1.9 days, multivariate adjusted] and with head circumference. Higher prenatal exposures to 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) predicted lower birth weight in boys (-210 g average birth weight difference between the third tertile and first tertile of 2,5-DCP; 95% CI, 71-348 g). Higher maternal benzophenone-3 (BP3) concentrations were associated with a similar decrease in birth weight among girls but with greater birth weight in boys. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a range of phthalate and phenol exposures during pregnancy in our population, but few were associated with birth size. The association of 2,5-DCP and BP3 with reduced or increased birth weight could be important in very early or small-size births. In addition, positive associations of urinary metabolites with some outcomes may be attributable partly to unresolved confounding with maternal anthropometric factors. C1 [Wolff, Mary S.; Engel, Stephanie M.; Berkowitz, Gertrud S.; Zhu, Chenbo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Ye, Xiaoyun; Silva, Manori J.; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wetmur, James] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Wolff, MS (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 10571, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM mary.wolff@mssm.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09584, P01 ES009584] NR 58 TC 224 Z9 227 U1 7 U2 35 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 116 IS 8 BP 1092 EP 1097 DI 10.1289/ehp.11007 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335DE UT WOS:000258270200032 PM 18709157 ER PT J AU Reller, ME Tauxe, RV Kalish, LA Molbak, K AF Reller, M. E. Tauxe, R. V. Kalish, L. A. Molbak, K. TI Excess salmonellosis in women in the United States: 1968-2000 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID REPTILE-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; FOODNET SITES; RISK-FACTORS; NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; SEX-DIFFERENCES; OUTBREAK; ENTERICA; CONSUMPTION; CHILDREN AB We describe recent epidemiological changes in salmonellosis. Linking 1968-2000 National Salmonella Surveillance System to census data, we calculated population-based age- and sex-stratified rates of non-urinary salmonellosis for the top 30 non-typhoidal serotypes. Using 1996-1997, 1998-1999, and 2000-2001 population-based FoodNet surveys, we compared reported diarrhoea, medical visits, and stool cultures. Despite an overall female-to-male incidence rate ratio (FMRR) of 0.99, the sex-specific burden of salmonellosis varied by age (< 5 years FMRR 0.92; 5-19 years 0.85; 20-39 years 1.09; 40-59 years 1.23, and >= 60 years 1.08) and serotype (FMRR range 0.87 for Mississippi to 1.25 for Senftenberg). Serotype-specific FMRRs and median age (range 2 years for Derby to 29 years for Senftenberg) were related (correlation 0.76, P<0.0001). Recently, the relative burden of salmonellosis in women has increased. FoodNet data suggest that this change is real rather than due to differential reporting. Excess salmonellosis in women may reflect differences in exposure or biological susceptibility. C1 [Reller, M. E.; Tauxe, R. V.; Molbak, K.] Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Reller, M. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kalish, L. A.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Clin Res Program, Boston, MA USA. RP Reller, ME (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM mreller1@jhmi.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Children's Hospital Boston FX The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provided financial support. Dr M. E. Reller completed this work as a Glaser Pediatric Clinical Investigator Fellow at Children's Hospital Boston. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 136 IS 8 BP 1109 EP 1117 DI 10.1017/S0950268807009594 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 355ZJ UT WOS:000259748200013 PM 17961280 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS AF Coughlin, Steven S. TI Public health & human rights: evidence-based approaches SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Book Review C1 [Coughlin, Steven S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1101-1262 J9 EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Eur. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 428 EP 429 DI 10.1093/eurpub/ckn029 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 330QK UT WOS:000257957700019 ER PT J AU Harper, KN Liu, H Ocampo, PS Steiner, BM Martin, A Levert, K Wang, D Sutton, M Armelagos, GJ AF Harper, Kristin N. Liu, Hsi Ocampo, Paolo S. Steiner, Bret M. Martin, Amy Levert, Keith Wang, Dongxia Sutton, Madeline Armelagos, George J. TI The sequence of the acidic repeat protein (arp) gene differentiates venereal from nonvenereal Treponema pallidum subspecies, and the gene has evolved under strong positive selection in the subspecies that causes syphilis SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Treponema pallidum; repeat region; arp; typing; syphilis; yaws ID GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCI; ALPHA C PROTEIN; DNA REPEATS; PATHOGENIC TREPONEMES; GENOME SEQUENCE; SOUTH-AFRICA; EARLY YAWS; STRAINS; FIBRONECTIN; INFECTION AB Despite the completion of the Treponema pallidum genome project, only minor genetic differences have been found between the subspecies that cause venereal syphilis (ssp. pallidum) and the nonvenereal diseases yaws (ssp. pertenue) and bejel (ssp. endemicum). In this paper, we describe sequence variation in the arp gene which allows straightforward differentiation of ssp. pallidum from the nonvenereal subspecies. We also present evidence that this region is subject to positive selection in ssp. pallidum, consistent with pressure from the immune system. Finally, the presence of multiple, but distinct, repeat motifs in both ssp. pallidum and Treponema paraluiscuniculi (the pathogen responsible for rabbit syphilis) suggests that a diverse repertoire of repeat motifs is associated with sexual transmission. This study suggests that variations in the number and sequence of repeat motifs in the arp gene have clinical, epidemiological, and evolutionary significance. C1 [Liu, Hsi; Steiner, Bret M.; Martin, Amy; Levert, Keith; Wang, Dongxia; Sutton, Madeline] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinate Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Harper, Kristin N.] Emory Univ, Dept Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ocampo, Paolo S.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Armelagos, George J.] Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinate Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hcl6@cdc.gov RI Harper, Kristin/H-3848-2012 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute NR 47 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0928-8244 EI 1574-695X J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 322 EP 332 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00427.x PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 332HE UT WOS:000258072600005 PM 18554302 ER PT J AU Moura, H Woolfitt, AR Carvalho, MG Pavlopoulos, A Teixeira, LM Satten, GA Barr, JR AF Moura, Hercules Woolfitt, Adrian R. Carvalho, Maria G. Pavlopoulos, Antonis Teixeira, Lucia M. Satten, Glen A. Barr, John R. TI MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as a tool for differentiation of invasive and noninvasive Streptococcus pyogenes isolates SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry; biomarkers; protein fingerprints; Streptococcus pyogenes; ribosomal proteins; necrotizing fasciitis ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; DESORPTION IONIZATION-TIME; MICROORGANISM IDENTIFICATION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN BIOMARKERS; DATABASE SEARCH; BACTERIA; PROTEOMICS; STRAINS; CULTURE AB A novel mass spectral fingerprinting and proteomics approach using MALDI-TOF MS was applied to detect and identify protein biomarkers of group A Streptococcus (GAS) strains. Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 700294 genome strain was compared with eight GAS clinical isolates to explore the ability of MALDI-TOF MS to differentiate isolates. Reference strains of other bacterial species were also analyzed and compared with the GAS isolates. MALDI preparations were optimized by varying solvents, matrices, plating techniques, and mass ranges for S. pyogenes ATCC 700294. Spectral variability was tested. A subset of common, characteristic, and reproducible biomarkers in the range of 2000-14 000 Da were detected, and they appeared to be independent of the culture media. Statistical analysis confirmed method reproducibility. Random Forest analysis of all selected GAS isolates revealed differences among most of them, and summed spectra were used for hierarchical cluster analysis. Specific biomarkers were found for each strain, and invasive GAS isolates could be differentiated. GAS isolates from cases of necrotizing fasciitis were clustered together and were distinct from isolates associated with noninvasive infections, despite their sharing the same emm type. Almost 30% of the biomarkers detected were tentatively identified as ribosomal proteins. C1 [Moura, Hercules; Woolfitt, Adrian R.; Pavlopoulos, Antonis; Satten, Glen A.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Carvalho, Maria G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Teixeira, Lucia M.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, MS F-50,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 42 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 333 EP 342 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00428.x PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 332HE UT WOS:000258072600006 PM 18537829 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Whichard, JM AF Gerner-Smidt, Peter Whichard, Jean M. TI Foodborne disease trends and reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE-TYPHI; CLINICAL-RESPONSE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTION; CIPROFLOXACIN; STATES; FEVER C1 [Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Whichard, Jean M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 365 EP 367 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.9995 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 340ZT UT WOS:000258684200001 PM 18713058 ER PT J AU O'Louglin, RE Hajjeh, R AF O'Louglin, Rosalyn E. Hajjeh, Rana TI Accelerating Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine introduction in the world's poorest countries: a dream is coming true SO FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [O'Louglin, Rosalyn E.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Hajjeh, Rana] Natl Ctr Immunizat Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP O'Louglin, RE (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM Rosalyn.OLoughlin@lshtm.ac.uk; rhajjeh@edc.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1746-0913 J9 FUTURE MICROBIOL JI Future Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 3 IS 4 BP 377 EP 378 DI 10.2217/17460913.3.4.377 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 364SM UT WOS:000260355600001 PM 18651806 ER PT J AU Yesupriya, A Yu, W Clyne, M Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ AF Yesupriya, Ajay Yu, Wei Clyne, Melinda Gwinn, Marta Khoury, Main J. TI The continued need to synthesize the results of genetic associations across multiple studies SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID HUMAN GENOME EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 [Yesupriya, Ajay; Yu, Wei; Clyne, Melinda; Gwinn, Marta; Khoury, Main J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yesupriya, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 633 EP 635 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181815360 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 341SW UT WOS:000258736200010 PM 18641511 ER PT J AU Karch, DL Logan, JE AF Karch, Debra L. Logan, Joseph E. TI Data consistency in multiple source documents - Findings from homicide incidents in the National Violent Death Reporting System, 2003-2004 SO HOMICIDE STUDIES LA English DT Article DE homicide; National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS); data consistency; surveillance ID SURVEILLANCE; CERTIFICATE; INJURY AB Data from the 2003-2004 National Violent Death Reporting System were used to compare consistency of homicide variables across multiple source documents. The NVDRS integrates death certificate, coroner/medical examiner and law enforcement data. Included in this analysis are 5,737 homicide incidents. Variables include victim demographics, manner of death, autopsy and pregnancy status, place, date and location of injury/death, and suspected use of alcohol. Demographic variables matched from lows of 70.9% for marital status to 99.9% for race. Injury/death variables matched from 72.6% for date of injury to 99.5% for state of injury. Situational variables ranged from 75.6% for suspected alcohol use to 97.5% for pregnancy status. Overall, data collected across multiple source documents matched at greater than 70%; however inconsistencies have implications for analyzing data from systems with multiple source documents. Understanding and mitigating data mismatches will increase the consistency of data on which violence prevention programs are developed. C1 [Karch, Debra L.; Logan, Joseph E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Karch, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DKarch@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1088-7679 J9 HOMICIDE STUD JI Homicide Stud. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 264 EP 276 DI 10.1177/1088767908321583 PG 13 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA 329WW UT WOS:000257902300004 ER PT J AU Meeker, JD Barr, DB Hauser, R AF Meeker, John D. Barr, Dana B. Hauser, Russ TI Human semen quality and sperm DNA damage in relation to urinary metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; epidemiology; male; pesticides; permethrin ID PESTICIDE FACTORY-WORKERS; COMET ASSAY; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; MALE RATS; FENVALERATE; EXPOSURE; FERTILIZATION; SPERMATOZOA; PARAMETERS; CYPERMETHRIN AB BACKGROUND: Exposure to synthetic pyrethroid insecticides is widespread, and is expected to increase among the general population due to the need to replace other common insecticides following regulatory use restrictions. On the basis of limited studies, there is animal and human evidence for altered reproductive or endocrine function following pyrethroid exposure. METHODS: The present study measured urinary pyrethroid metabolites [3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA) and cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (CDCCA and TDCCA)], semen quality, sperm motion parameters and sperm DNA damage with the neutral comet assay in 207 men recruited from an infertility clinic. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, the highest 3PBA quartile was associated with a suggestive 20.2 million sperm/ml reduction (95% confidence interval -37.1 to + 2.6) in sperm concentration compared with men below the 3PBA median. There were significant inverse associations between TDCCA and sperm motility and sperm motion parameters when adjusting for CDCCA and other covariates. The highest TDCCA quartile was associated with a 15.5% decline (95% confidence interval -26.2 to -4.8) in sperm motility compared with men below the median. In multiple logistic analyses, there were dose-dependent increased odds for below reference sperm concentration, motility and morphology in relation to TDCCA. Among the comet assay measures, 3PBA and CDCCA were associated with increased sperm DNA damage, measured as percent DNA in the comet tail. CONCLUSIONS:We found evidence for reduced semen quality and increased sperm DNA damage in relation to urinary metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides. These findings may be of concern due to increased pyrethroid use and prevalent human exposure. C1 [Meeker, John D.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hauser, Russ] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Androl Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hauser, Russ] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Meeker, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 6635 SPH Tower,109 S Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM meekerj@umich.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES009718] NR 43 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1932 EP 1940 DI 10.1093/humrep/den242 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 328HH UT WOS:000257788500033 PM 18579513 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Schieve, LA Nannini, A Ferre, C Devine, O Cohen, B Zhang, Z Wright, V Macaluso, M AF Boulet, Sheree L. Schieve, Laura A. Nannini, Angela Ferre, Cynthia Devine, Owen Cohen, Bruce Zhang, Zi Wright, Victoria Macaluso, Maurizio TI Perinatal outcomes of twin births conceived using assisted reproduction technology: a population-based study SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE assisted reproduction technology; infant; low birthweight; premature birth ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; UNITED-STATES; MULTIPLE GESTATION; CHILDREN BORN; SPONTANEOUS CONCEPTION; MATCHED CONTROL; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; PREGNANCIES; RISK; IVF AB BACKGROUND: Approximately 18% of multiple births in the USA result from assisted reproduction technology (ART). Although many studies comparing ART and naturally conceived twins report no difference in risks for perinatal outcomes, others report slight to moderate positive or protective associations. METHODS: We selected twin deliveries with and without indication of ART from Massachusetts live birth-infant death records from 1997 to 2000 linked to the US ART surveillance system. The sample was restricted to deliveries by mothers with increased socioeconomic status, private health insurance and intermediate/plus prenatal care use. Our final sample included 1446 and 2729 ART and non-ART twin deliveries, respectively. Odds ratios (OR) for associations between ART and perinatal outcomes were adjusted for maternal demographic factors, smoking, prenatal care and hospital care level. RESULTS: ART twin deliveries were less likely than non-ART to be very preterm (adjusted OR 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.58-0.97) or include a very low birthweight (< 1500 g) infant (0.75; 0.58-0.95) or infant death (0.55; 0.35-0.88). In stratified analyses, these findings were observed among primiparous deliveries, but there were no risk differences among multiparous ART and non-ART twin deliveries. CONCLUSIONS:ART treatment was not a risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome, and risks for several outcomes were somewhat lower among ART twin deliveries. Nonetheless, ART is strongly associated with twinning and twins remain a high-risk group, relative to singletons. Promoting singleton gestation in assisted conception is an important strategy for reducing adverse outcomes. C1 [Boulet, Sheree L.; Schieve, Laura A.; Devine, Owen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nannini, Angela; Cohen, Bruce; Zhang, Zi] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Nannini, Angela] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ferre, Cynthia; Wright, Victoria; Macaluso, Maurizio] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Boulet, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sboulet@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 52 TC 82 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1941 EP 1948 DI 10.1093/humrep/den169 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 328HH UT WOS:000257788500034 PM 18487216 ER PT J AU Sahakian, NM Park, JH Cox-Ganser, JM AF Sahakian, N. M. Park, J. -H. Cox-Ganser, J. M. TI Dampness and mold in the indoor environment: Implications for asthma SO IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BUILDING-RELATED SYMPTOMS; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; MICROBIAL EXPOSURE; MOISTURE DAMAGE; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; 2 SCHOOLS; HEALTH; CHILDREN; MORBIDITY; DUST AB This article presents epidemiologic findings pertinent to asthma and asthma-like symptoms in relation to exposure to dampness/mold in homes, schools, and workplaces. With regard to specific agents found in damp indoor environments that may play a role in asthma, it concentrates on mold (used synonymously with fungi) and includes some findings on bacteria. The literature on asthma in relation to dust mite or cockroach allergens is not addressed. C1 [Sahakian, N. M.; Park, J. -H.; Cox-Ganser, J. M.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Sahakian, NM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS-H2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM NSakahian@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 14 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0889-8561 J9 IMMUNOL ALLERGY CLIN JI Immunol. Allerg. Clin. North Am. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 485 EP + DI 10.1016/j.iac.2008.03.009 PG 22 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 334IF UT WOS:000258214800003 PM 18572103 ER PT J AU Liu, M Liu, H Tang, XL Vafai, A AF Liu, Merry Liu, Hsi Tang, Xiaoling Vafai, Abbas TI Rapid identification and authentication of closely related animal cell culture by polymerase chain reaction SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE PCR; cell lines; authentication ID SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; DNA; LINES; ISOENZYME; PCR AB Animal cell lines are important resources for research and diagnostic applications. Cross-contamination and misidentification of cell lines, however, can cause major problems for research (for example, false results that come from contamination cells may mislead the science). Hence, it is imperative to routinely monitor cell lines for identity and authenticity. Here, we extend our previous work on identification and authentication of animal cell culture by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing. A PCR-based method for rapid identification and authentication of closely related cell lines was described. In this method, two new primers were designed based on high homology in the aldolase gene family. Used together with our previous primers, the combinations of primers were able to differentiate closely related species, including human from monkey and mouse from rat. This PCR assay provides a rapid, simple, sensitive, and cost-effective method for authentication of closely related cell lines. C1 [Liu, Merry; Tang, Xiaoling; Vafai, Abbas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Sci Resources,Biol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Liu, Hsi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent,Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Liu, Hsi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Reference, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vafai, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Sci Resources,Biol Branch, MS D34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AVafai@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 7 BP 224 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s11626-008-9121-1 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 341HK UT WOS:000258704600007 PM 18553210 ER PT J AU Muder, RR Cunningham, C McCray, E Squier, C Perreiah, P Jain, R Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jernigan, JA AF Muder, Robert R. Cunningham, Candace McCray, Ellesha Squier, Cheryl Perreiah, Peter Jain, Rajiv Sinkowitz-Cochran, Ronda L. Jernigan, John A. TI Implementation of an industrial systems-engineering approach to reduce the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURGICAL SITE INFECTION; BACTEREMIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GUIDELINE; MORTALITY; PRECAUTIONS; PREVENTION; HOSPITALS; OUTCOMES AB OBJECTIVE. To measure the effectiveness of an industrial systems-engineering approach to a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevention program. DESIGN. Before-after intervention study SETTING. An intensive care unit (ICU) and a surgical unit that was not an ICU in the Pittsburgh Veterans Administration hospital PATIENTS. All patients admitted to the study units INTERVENTION. We implemented an MRSA infection control program that consisted of the following 4 elements: ( 1) the use of standard precautions for all patient contact, with emphasis on hand hygiene; ( 2) the use of contact precautions for interactions with patients known to be infected or colonized with MRSA; ( 3) the use of active surveillance cultures to identify patients who were asymptomatically colonized with MRSA; and ( 4) use of an industrial systems-engineering approach, the Toyota Production System, to facilitate consistent and reliable adherence to the infection control program. RESULTS. The rate of healthcare-associated MRSA infection in the surgical unit decreased from 1.56 infections per 1,000 patient-days in the 2 years before the intervention to 0.63 infections per 1,000 patient-days in the 4 years after the intervention (a 60% reduction; P = . 003). The rate of healthcare-associated MRSA infection in the ICU decreased from 5.45 infections per 1,000 patient-days in the 2 years before to the intervention to 1.35 infections per 1,000 patient-days in the 3 years after the intervention (a 75% reduction; P = .001). The combined estimate for reduction in the incidence of infection after the intervention in the 2 units was 68% (95% confidence interval, 50%-79%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS. Sustained reduction in the incidence of MRSA infection is possible in a setting where this pathogen is endemic. An industrial systems-engineering approach can be adapted to facilitate consistent and reliable adherence to MRSA infection prevention practices in healthcare facilities. C1 [Muder, Robert R.] VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Infect Dis Sect, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA. [Muder, Robert R.; Jain, Rajiv] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh Reg Healthcare Initiat, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Perreiah, Peter] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Sinkowitz-Cochran, Ronda L.; Jernigan, John A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Muder, RR (reprint author), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Infect Dis Sect, Univ Dr C, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA. EM Robert.Muder@va.gov NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 8 BP 702 EP U38 DI 10.1086/589981 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 335XH UT WOS:000258326800004 PM 18624651 ER PT J AU Boyce, JM Havill, NL Otter, JA McDonald, LC Adams, NMT Cooper, T Thompson, A Wiggs, L Killgore, G Tauman, A Noble-Wang, J AF Boyce, John M. Havill, Nancy L. Otter, Jonathan A. McDonald, L. Clifford Adams, Nicholas M. T. Cooper, Timothea Thompson, Angela Wiggs, Lois Killgore, George Tauman, Allison Noble-Wang, Judith TI Impact of hydrogen peroxide vapor room decontamination on Clostridium difficile environmental contamination and transmission in a Healthcare setting SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference of the Society-for-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY MAR 18-21, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; REDUCE TRANSMISSION; DIARRHEA; COLITIS; ACQUISITION; FACILITIES; THERMOMETERS; PREVENTION AB OBJECTIVE. To determine whether hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) decontamination can reduce environmental contamination with and nosocomial transmission of Clostridium difficile. DESIGN. A prospective before-after intervention study. SETTING. A hospital affected by an epidemic strain of C. difficile. INTERVENTION. Intensive HPV decontamination of 5 high-incidence wards followed by hospital-wide decontamination of rooms vacated by patients with C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD). The preintervention period was June 2004 through March 2005, and the intervention period was June 2005 through March 2006. RESULTS. Eleven (25.6%) of 43 cultures of samples collected by sponge from surfaces before HPV decontamination yielded C. difficile, compared with 0 of 37 cultures of samples obtained after HPV decontamination (P < .001). On 5 high-incidence wards, the incidence of nosocomial CDAD was significantly lower during the intervention period than during the preintervention period (1.28 vs 2.28 cases per 1,000 patient-days; P = .047). The hospital-wide CDAD incidence was lower during the intervention period than during the preintervention period (0.84 vs 1.36 cases per 1,000 patient-days; P = .26). In an analysis limited to months in which the epidemic strain was present during both the preintervention and the intervention periods, CDAD incidence was significantly lower during the intervention period than during the preintervention period (0.88 vs 1.89 cases per 1,000 patient-days; P = .047). CONCLUSIONS. HPV decontamination was efficacious in eradicating C. difficile from contaminated surfaces. Further studies of the impact of HPV decontamination on nosocomial transmission of C. difficile are warranted. C1 [Boyce, John M.] Hosp St Raphael, Infect Dis Sect, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Boyce, John M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. [McDonald, L. Clifford; Thompson, Angela; Wiggs, Lois; Killgore, George; Noble-Wang, Judith] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Otter, Jonathan A.; Adams, Nicholas M. T.] Bioquell, Andover, Essex, England. RP Boyce, JM (reprint author), Hosp St Raphael, Infect Dis Sect, 1450 Chapel St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM JBoyce@srhs.org NR 40 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 13 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 8 BP 723 EP 729 DI 10.1086/589906 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 335XH UT WOS:000258326800007 PM 18636950 ER PT J AU Diekman, ST Ballesteros, MF Berger, LR Caraballo, RS Kegler, SR AF Diekman, S. T. Ballesteros, M. F. Berger, L. R. Caraballo, R. S. Kegler, S. R. TI Ecological level analysis of the relationship between smoking and residential-fire mortality SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID INJURIES; PREVENTION AB Objectives: To examine the association between tobacco smoking and residential-fire mortality and to investigate whether this association is explained by the confounding effects of selected socioeconomic factors (ie, educational attainment and median household income). Design: An ecological analysis relating state-level residential-fire mortality to state-level percentages of adults who smoke was conducted. Negative binomial rate regression was used to model this relationship, simultaneously controlling for the selected socioeconomic factors. Results: After educational attainment and median household income had been controlled for, smoking percentages among adults correlated significantly with state-level, population-based residential-fire mortality (estimated relative rate for a 1% decrease in smoking = 0.93; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.97). Conclusions: Mortality from residential fires is high in states with high smoking rates. This relationship cannot be explained solely by the socioeconomic factors examined in this study. C1 [Diekman, S. T.; Ballesteros, M. F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Berger, L. R.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Caraballo, R. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kegler, S. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Diekman, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sdiekman@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 228 EP 231 DI 10.1136/ip.2007.017004 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 333HP UT WOS:000258143900004 PM 18676780 ER PT J AU Steinberg, KK Dietz, WH AF Steinberg, K. K. Dietz, W. H. TI Workshop on estimating the health burden of overweight and obesity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; EXCESS DEATHS; UNDERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; US C1 [Steinberg, K. K.; Dietz, W. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Steinberg, KK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kks1@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 32 SU 3 BP S1 EP S3 DI 10.1038/ijo.2008.80 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 336TA UT WOS:000258386300001 PM 18695649 ER PT J AU Adekambi, T Shinnick, TM Raoult, D Drancourt, M AF Adekambi, Toiedi Shinnick, Thomas M. Raoult, Dier Drancourt, Michel TI Complete rpoB gene sequencing as a suitable supplement to DNA-DNA hybridization for bacterial species and genus delineation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION; SP-NOV.; MYCOBACTERIUM-ULCERANS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; WOLBACHIA-PIPIENTIS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; G+C CONTENT; SP. NOV.; IDENTIFICATION AB DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH), the gold standard for bacterial species delineation, is a laborious method and the alternative, average nucleotide identity (ANI), a genomic sequence-derived parameter, is not applicable to non-sequenced Species. A universal cut-off value to delineate bacterial species does not exist, yet a DDH value < 70 % and ANI <95 +/- 0.5 % have proved useful in selected examples. We herein compare published values for DDH and ANI with sequence similarity of rpoB gene sequences retrieved from GenBank for strains of 230 bacterial species representative of 45 genera. Intraspecific rpoB sequence similarity was 98.2-100 %. We observed that an rpoB gene sequence similarity <= 97.7 % significantly correlated with a DDH value < 70 % and an ANI value <94.3 %. An rpoB gene sequence similarity <85.5 % correlated with membership of different genera. When applied to fastidious and as-yet-uncultivated organisms lacking experimental DDH values, these cut-off values suggested that 'Candidatus Blochmannia pennsylvanicus' and 'Candidatus Blochmannia floridarius' may belong to different genera, that the different endosymbiotic Buchnera aphidicola organisms may belong to different genera and that, while the tsetse fly enteric symbiont Sodalis glossinidius may belong to the Enterobacteriaceae, the endocellular obligate symbiont Wigglesworthia glossinidia from the same host may belong to the group of as-yet-uncultivated gammaproteobacteria. rpoB gene sequence similarity provides an efficient supplement to DDH and ANI measurements to delineate bacterial species and genera, including delineation of as-yet-uncultivated, non-sequenced organisms. C1 [Adekambi, Toiedi; Raoult, Dier; Drancourt, Michel] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Unite Rickettsies, CNRS,UMR 6020,IFR 48, Fac Med, Marseille, France. [Adekambi, Toiedi; Shinnick, Thomas M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycobacteriol Lab Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Drancourt, M (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 2, Unite Rickettsies, CNRS,UMR 6020,IFR 48, Fac Med, Marseille, France. EM Michel.Drancourt@medecine.univ-mrs.fr FU Unite des, Rickettsies, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de la Mediterranee, Marseille, France FX We thank Bonnie B. Plikaytis for expert review of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Unite des, Rickettsies, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de la Mediterranee, Marseille, France. NR 69 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 58 BP 1807 EP 1814 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.65440-0 PN 8 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 342VK UT WOS:000258811500006 PM 18676461 ER PT J AU Galgalo, T Dalal, S Cain, KP Oeltmann, J Tetteh, C Kamau, JG Njenga, MK Breiman, RF Chakaya, JM Irimu, HM Miller, B De Cock, KM Bock, NN Ijaz, K AF Galgalo, T. Dalal, S. Cain, K. P. Oeltmann, J. Tetteh, C. Kamau, J. G. Njenga, M. K. Breiman, R. F. Chakaya, J. M. Irimu, H. M. Miller, B. De Cock, K. M. Bock, N. N. Ijaz, K. TI Tuberculosis risk among staff of a large public hospital in Kenya SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; HIV; transmission; hospital-associated; health care worker ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; SKIN-TEST CONVERSION; EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; MALAWI AB SETTING: In sub-Saharan Africa, high rates of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection pose a serious threat for occupationally acquired TB among health care workers. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with TB disease among staff of an 1800-bed hospital in Kenya. DESIGN: We calculated TB incidence among staff and conducted a case-control study where cases (n = 65) were staff diagnosed with TB and controls (n = 316) were randomly selected staff without recent TB. RESULTS: The annual incidence of TB from 2001 to 2005 ranged from 645 to 1115 per 100000 population. Factors associated with TB disease were additional daily hours spent in rooms with patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.3, 95%CI 1.2-1.5), working in areas where TB patients received care (aOR 2.1, 95%CI 1.1-4.2), HIV infection (aOR 29.1, 95%CI 5.1-167) and living in a slum (aOR 4.7, 95%CI 1.8-12.5) or hospital-provided low-income housing (aOR 2.6, 95%CI 1.2-5.6). CONCLUSION: Hospital exposures were associated with TB disease among staff at this hospital regardless of their job designation, even after controlling for living conditions, suggesting transmission from patients. Health care facilities should improve infection control practices, provide quality occupational health services and encourage staff testing for HIV infection to address the TB burden in hospital staff. C1 [Galgalo, T.; Tetteh, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Galgalo, T.] Jomo Kenyatta Univ Agr & Technol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Dalal, S.; Miller, B.; Bock, N. N.] CDC, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dalal, S.; Cain, K. P.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cain, K. P.; Oeltmann, J.; Ijaz, K.] CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kamau, J. G.; Irimu, H. M.] Kenyatta Natl Hosp, Nairobi, Kenya. [Njenga, M. K.; Breiman, R. F.] CDC, Int Emerging Infect Dis Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Chakaya, J. M.] Minist Hlth, Natl Leprosy & TB Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [De Cock, K. M.] CDC, Global AIDS Program, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Cain, KP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kcain@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 12 IS 8 BP 949 EP 954 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 329YA UT WOS:000257905300013 PM 18647456 ER PT J AU Nateniyom, S Jittimanee, SX Viriyakitjart, D Jittimanee, S Keophaithool, S Varma, JK AF Nateniyom, S. Jittimanee, S. X. Viriyakitjart, D. Jittimanee, S. Keophaithool, S. Varma, J. K. TI Provider-initiated diagnostic HIV counselling and testing in tuberculosis clinics in Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE HIV counselling; HIV testing; HIV; tuberculosis; care ID MALAWI; IMPACT; TB AB SETTINGS: Twelve large public hospitals geographically distributed in Thailand. OBJECTIVES: To assess the uptake of diagnostic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counselling and testing (DCT), HIV prevalence in tuberculosis (TB) patients and HIV services provided to newly diagnosed HIV-infected TB patients. METHOD: We provided DCT in TB clinics to newly registered TB patients. Post-test counselling was provided at TB clinics for non-HIV-infected patients and at HIV voluntary counselling and testing centres for HIV infected patients. HIV-infected patients were referred for HIV-related care during TB treatment. RESULTS: From July to October 2006, 8% of 1086 new TB patients were known to be HIV-infected at the time of TB diagnosis. Of 1000 patients with unknown HIV status, 93% were tested: HIV infection was diagnosed in 11%. Including patients with previously diagnosed HIV infection, 17% of all TB patients were HIV-infected. Of 99 newly diagnosed HIV patients, 36% received cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Of 41 with CD4 < 200 cells/mu l, 42% began antiretroviral treatment during TB treatment. CONCLUSION: The acceptance of DCT was high, but the provision of HIV services was disappointingly low. Increased staff capacity building, stronger coordination with the acquired immune-deficiency syndrome programme and better field supervision are needed to achieve universal access to care for HIV infected TB patients. C1 [Nateniyom, S.; Jittimanee, S. X.; Jittimanee, S.; Keophaithool, S.] TB Bur, Dept Dis Control, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. [Viriyakitjart, D.] Dept Dis Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Varma, J. K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jittimanee, S (reprint author), TB Bur, Dept Dis Control, 116 Sudprasert Rd, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. EM sxj47@cwru.edu NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 12 IS 8 BP 955 EP 961 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 329YA UT WOS:000257905300014 PM 18647457 ER PT J AU Elchos, BL Scheftel, JM Cherry, B DeBess, EE Hopkins, SG Levine, JE Williams, CJ Bell, MR Dvorak, GD Flora, CA Hofmann, J Pavlin, BI Samples, OM Snow, JL Stinson-Dixon, RE AF Elchos, Brigid L. Scheftel, Joni M. Cherry, Bryan DeBess, Emilio E. Hopkins, Sharon G. Levine, Jay E. Williams, Carl J. Bell, Michael R. Dvorak, Glenda D. Flora, Christine A. Hofmann, Jo Pavlin, Boris I. Samples, Oreta M. Snow, Jamie L. Stinson-Dixon, Rebecca E. TI Compendium of veterinary standard precautions for zoonotic disease prevention in veterinary personnel - National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians Veterinary Infection Control Committee 2008 SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS; UNITED-STATES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; BARRIER PRECAUTIONS; ANIMAL PRACTICES; RISK-FACTORS; CAT BITES; DOG-BITE; TRANSMISSION C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. Mississippi Board Anim Hlth, Jackson, MS 39207 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Publ Hlt Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. Human Serv, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Food Secur & Publ Hlth, Ames, IA 50011 USA. AAHA, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. CSTE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NAVTA, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, US Dept Agr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. AVMA, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. RP Scheftel, JM (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, 625 N Robert St, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. NR 117 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 3 BP 415 EP 432 DI 10.2460/javma.233.3.415 PG 18 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 330RV UT WOS:000257961400016 PM 18673027 ER PT J AU Lantagne, DS AF Lantagne, Daniele S. TI Sodium hypochlorite dosage for household and emergency water treatment SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DRINKING-WATER; FLOCCULANT-DISINFECTANT; DIARRHEA PREVENTION; WESTERN KENYA; SAFE STORAGE; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; INTERVENTIONS; STRATEGIES; COMMUNITY AB For the 1.1 billion people worldwide who do not have access to improved drinking water supply, point-of-use (POU) water treatment with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is proven to reduce the incidence,of diarrheal disease. However, NaOCl dosage recommendations for both household water treatment and disaster response water treatment vary significantly. In this study, 106 water samples from a variety of improved and Unimproved sources in 1.6 countries were tested to ascertain whether a standardized NaOCl dosage regime could be developed. Results indicated that for household water treatment with NaOCl alone, a dose of 1.875 mg/L NaOCl proved effective in 86.6% of samples with turbidity < 10 ntu and a dose of 3.75 mg/L NaOCl was effective in 91.7% of unimproved sources with turbidity of 10-100 ntu. On the basis of test results, it is also recommended that POU chlorination programs adopt a proposed criteria for a free chlorine residual of < 2.0 mg/L 1 hour after NaOCl addition and > 0.2 mg/L after 24 hours of storage. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lantagne, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, M-S A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dlantagne@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 8 BP 106 EP + PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 340TU UT WOS:000258668700018 ER PT J AU Hall, DM Cassidy, EE Stevenson, HC AF Hall, Diane M. Cassidy, Elaine E. Stevenson, Howard C. TI Acting "Tough" in a "Tough" world an examination of fear among urban African American adolescents SO JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fear; risk; African American; adolescent ID DEPRESSION INVENTORY; COMMUNITY VIOLENCE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; YOUTH; HEALTH; AGGRESSION; WITNESSES; SYMPTOMS AB African American adolescents (132 males and 128 females; age M = 14.8 years, SD = 0.92) enrolled in an urban community social skills development program participated in a study assessing the relationship among perceptions of family and community social support, fear of calamitous events, depression, and anger expression. Expressing fear of calamitous events that were considered harmful but not necessarily lethal was related to increased depression, whereas expressing fear of lethal calamitous events was related to increased anger expression. Results are discussed in terms of issues of race, gender, and adolescent development. C1 [Hall, Diane M.; Cassidy, Elaine E.; Stevenson, Howard C.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hall, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS F-64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dmhall@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-7984 J9 J BLACK PSYCHOL JI J. Black Psychol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 BP 381 EP 398 DI 10.1177/0095798408314140 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 325PS UT WOS:000257601400008 ER PT J AU Ouyang, L Grosse, SD Kenneson, A AF Ouyang, Lijing Grosse, Scott D. Kenneson, Aileen TI Health care utilization and expenditures for children and young adults with muscular dystrophy in a privately insured population SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE neuromuscular disease; medical care; cost; muscular dystrophy; Duchenne AB We provide estimates of medical care utilization and expenditures for children and young adults younger than age 30 with muscular dystrophies in the United States. Accurate estimates are essential for calculations of lifetime costs and for economic evaluations of screening and management strategies for muscular dystrophy. We compare the medical expenditures for persons with muscular dystrophy with others by age groups. The incremental annual expenditures of medical care for privately insured individuals with Muscular dystrophy relative to others in 2004 averaged $ 18 930 and ranged from $13 464 at ages 5 to 9 to $32 541 at ages 15 to 19. Individuals with muscular dystrophy had average medical expenditures 10 to 20 times greater than individuals without muscular dystrophy. Individuals aged 15 to 19 years had the highest number of inpatient admissions related to respiratory infections and cardiac complications. The findings underscore the need for appropriate treatment options for individuals with Muscular dystrophy as they age. C1 [Ouyang, Lijing; Grosse, Scott D.; Kenneson, Aileen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ouyang, L (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-88, Atlanta, GA USA. EM louyang@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 883 EP 888 DI 10.1177/0883073808314962 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 330PW UT WOS:000257956300005 PM 18403582 ER PT J AU Bialek, SR Redd, JT Lynch, A Vogt, T Lewis, S Wilson, C Bell, BP AF Bialek, Stephanie R. Redd, John T. Lynch, Audrey Vogt, Tara Lewis, Sharon Wilson, Charlton Bell, Beth P. TI Chronic liver disease among two American Indian patient populations in the Southwestern United States, 2000-2003 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic liver disease; American Indians; hepatitis C; alcohol-related liver disease; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; cirrhosis ID HEPATITIS-C; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY; ALCOHOL; TESTS AB Goals: To determine the etiologies of chronic liver disease among American Indians. Background: American Indians are disproportionately affected by chronic liver disease, yet little is known about its underlying etiologies in this group. Study: We conducted a cross-sectional prevalence study at medical centers serving American Indian populations in Arizona and California. Patients' records were reviewed to identify those with chronic liver disease (ICD-9 code for chronic liver disease or 2 abnormal liver tests >= 6 mo apart). ICD-9 codes and laboratory findings were abstracted to determine etiologies. Results: Of the 30,698 American Indian patients seen at the Arizona center during 2000 to 2002, 1496 (4.9%) had chronic liver disease, including 268/1496 (17.9%) with decompensated cirrhosis. Etiologies included alcohol (621; 41.5%), hepatitis C (103; 6.9%), both (136; 9.1 %), or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (191; 12.8%). Among alcohol-related liver disease patients tested for hepatitis C, 32.2% were positive. Of the 6074 American Indian patients seen at the California center during 2002 to 2003, 344 (5.7%) had chronic liver disease, including 45/344 (13.1%) with decompensated cirrhosis. Etiologies included alcohol (57; 16.6%) hepatitis C (83; 24.1%), and both (42; 12.2%). In one-third of chronic liver disease patient at the 2 centers, no etiology could be identified; 30% to 45% had not been tested for hepatitis C. Conclusions: Alcohol-related liver disease and hepatitis C were the most commonly identified etiologies among these American Indian patients with chronic liver disease in clinical care. Identifying American Indian and Alaska Native patients with chronic liver disease and providing treatment are critical for reducing disease burden. C1 [Bialek, Stephanie R.; Redd, John T.; Vogt, Tara; Bell, Beth P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lynch, Audrey; Wilson, Charlton] Ctr Excellence, Phoenix Indian Med Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Lewis, Sharon] Riverside San Bernadino Cty Indian Hlth Inc, Banning, CA USA. RP Bialek, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zqg7@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 849 EP 854 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 336UJ UT WOS:000258389800016 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Sutton, DA Fothergill, A McCarthy, D Rinaldi, MG Brandt, ME Zhang, N Geiser, DM AF O'Donnell, Kerry Sutton, Deanna A. Fothergill, Annette McCarthy, Dora Rinaldi, Michael G. Brandt, Mary E. Zhang, Ning Geiser, David M. TI Molecular phylogenetic diversity, multilocus haplotype nomenclature, and in vitro antifungal resistance within the Fusarium solani species complex SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; AMPHOTERICIN-B; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; CONTACT-LENS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CRYPTIC SPECIATION; NORTH-AMERICA; VORICONAZOLE; INFECTIONS; KERATITIS AB Members of the species-rich Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are responsible for approximately two-thirds all fusarioses of humans and other animals. In addition, many economically important phytopathogenic species are nested within this complex. Due to their increasing clinical relevance and because most of the human pathogenic and plant pathogenic FSSC lack Latin binomials, we have extended the multilocus haplotype nomenclatural system introduced in a previous study (D. C. Chang, G. B. Grant, K. O'Donnell, K. A. Wannemuehler, J. Noble-Wang, C. Y. Rao, L. M. Jacobson, C. S. Crowell, R. S. Sneed, F. M. T. Lewis, J. K. Schaffzin, M. A. Kainer, C. A. Genese, E. C. Alfonso, D. B. Jones, A. Srinivasan, S. K. Fridkin, and B. J. Park, JAMA 296: 953-963, 2006) to all 34 species within the medically important FSSC clade 3 to facilitate global epidemiological studies. The typing scheme is based on polymorphisms in portions of the following three genes: the internal transcribed spacer region and domains D1 plus D2 of the nuclear large-subunit rRNA, the translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene (EF-1 alpha), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2). Of the 251 isolates subjected to multilocus DNA sequence typing, 191 sequence types were differentiated, and these were distributed among three strongly supported clades designated 1, 2, and 3. All of the mycosis-associated isolates were restricted to FSSC clade 3, as previously reported (N. Zhang, K. O'Donnell, D. A. Sutton, F. A Nalim, R. C. Summerbell, A. A. Padhye, and D. M. Geiser, J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 2186-2190, 2006), and these represent at least 20 phylogenetically distinct species. Analyses of the combined DNA sequence data by use of two separate phylogenetic methods yielded the most robust hypothesis of evolutionary relationships and genetic diversity within the FSSC to date. The in vitro activities of 10 antifungals tested against 19 isolates representing 18 species that span the breadth of the FSSC phylogeny show that members of this complex are broadly resistant to these drugs. C1 [O'Donnell, Kerry] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sutton, Deanna A.; Fothergill, Annette; McCarthy, Dora; Rinaldi, Michael G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Brandt, Mary E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zhang, Ning] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY USA. [Geiser, David M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov RI Zhang, Ning/K-3046-2012; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 OI Zhang, Ning/0000-0003-0755-2505; NR 64 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2477 EP 2490 DI 10.1128/JCM.02371-07 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344EI UT WOS:000258908700001 PM 18524963 ER PT J AU Nix, WA Maher, K Johansson, ES Niklasson, B Lindberg, AM Pallansch, MA Oberste, MS AF Nix, W. Allan Maher, Kaija Johansson, E. Susanne Niklasson, Bo Lindberg, A. Michael Pallansch, Mark A. Oberste, M. Steven TI Detection of all known parechoviruses by real-time PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LJUNGAN-VIRUS; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; RT-PCR; IDENTIFICATION; ENTEROVIRUSES; PICORNAVIRIDAE; ASSOCIATION; MYOCARDITIS; INFECTIONS; SEROTYPE AB The Parechovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family contains two species, Human parechovirus (HPeV) and Ljungan virus (LV). The HPeVs (including the former echoviruses 22 and 23, now HPeV type 1 (HPeV1) and HPeV2, respectively) cause a wide spectrum of disease, including aseptic meningitis, gastroenteritis, encephalitis, acute respiratory illness, and neonatal sepsis-like disease. The LVs were isolated from bank voles in Sweden during a search for an infectious agent linked to fatal myocarditis cases in humans. Because of the decline in use of cell culture and neutralization to investigate enterovirus-like disease, very few laboratories currently have the capability to test for parechoviruses. We have developed a real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay for detection of all known members of the genus Parechovirus. The assay targets the conserved regions in the 5' nontranslated region (5'NTR) of the parechovirus genome and can detect both HPeVs and LVs, unlike other published parechovirus 5'NTR assays, which only detect known HPeVs or only LVs. HPeV and LV can be differentiated by sequencing the 5'NTR real-time RT-PCR amplicon, when needed. The assay is approximately 100 times more sensitive than cell culture and may be used to test original clinical specimens. The availability of a broad-specificity PCR method should facilitate the detection of new human parechoviruses, as well as new parechoviruses in other mammalian species, and provide an opportunity to investigate the role of these viruses in human and animal disease. C1 [Nix, W. Allan; Maher, Kaija; Pallansch, Mark A.; Oberste, M. Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Johansson, E. Susanne; Lindberg, A. Michael] Univ Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden. [Niklasson, Bo] Apodemus AB, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov RI Lindberg, Michael/B-8465-2013 OI Lindberg, Michael/0000-0003-3841-4826 NR 32 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2519 EP 2524 DI 10.1128/JCM.00277-08 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344EI UT WOS:000258908700005 PM 18524969 ER PT J AU Tong, S Chern, SWW Li, Y Pallansch, MA Anderson, LJ AF Tong, Suxiang Chern, Shur-Wern Wang Li, Yan Pallansch, Mark A. Anderson, Larry J. TI Sensitive and broadly reactive reverse transcription-PCR assays to detect novel paramyxoviruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; RETROVIRUS; VIRUS AB We have developed a set of reverse transcription-PCR assays for the detection and identification of known and novel paramyxoviruses in clinical specimens. Primers were designed from the conserved motifs of the polymerase pol gene sequences to detect members of the Paramyxovirinae or Pneumovirinae subfamily or groups of genera within the Paramyxovirinae subfamily. The consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primer design and seminested or nested PCR assay design were used to enhance the breadth of reactivity and sensitivity of the respective assays. Using expressed RNA and 10-fold dilution series of virus-infected tissue culture isolates from different members of the family or genera, these assays were able to detect on average between 100 and 500 copies of template RNA. The assays were specific to the respective group of genera or subfamily viruses. This set of primers enhances our ability to look for novel viruses in outbreaks and diseases of unknown etiology. C1 [Tong, Suxiang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Gastroenteritis Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tong, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Gastroenteritis Resp Viruses Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sot1@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2652 EP 2658 DI 10.1128/JCM.00192-08 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344EI UT WOS:000258908700024 PM 18579717 ER PT J AU Kam, KM Luey, CKY Parsons, MB Cooper, KLF Nair, GB Alam, M Islam, MA Cheung, DTL Chu, YW Ramamurthy, T Pazhani, GP Bhattacharya, SK Watanabe, H Terajima, J Arakawa, E Ratchtrachenchai, OA Huttayananont, S Ribot, EM Gerner-Smidt, P Swaminathan, B AF Kam, Kai Man Luey, Cindy K. Y. Parsons, Michele B. Cooper, Kara L. F. Nair, G. B. Alam, M. Islam, M. Atiqul Cheung, Danny T. L. Chu, Y. W. Ramamurthy, T. Pazhani, G. P. Bhattacharya, S. K. Watanabe, H. Terajima, J. Arakawa, E. Ratchtrachenchai, O. -A. Huttayananont, S. Ribot, Efrain M. Gerner-Smidt, Peter Swaminathan, Bala CA Vibrio Parahaemolyticus PulseNet P TI Evaluation and validation of a PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for subtyping Vibrio parahaemolyticus: An international multicenter collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PANDEMIC STRAINS; O3-K6 CLONE; DIARRHEA; EMERGENCE; SPREAD; PCR; GASTROENTERITIS; PREVALENCE; HEMOLYSIN; OUTBREAK AB The pandemic spread of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an international public health issue. Because of the outbreak potential of the organism, it is critical to establish an internationally recognized molecular subtyping protocol for V. parahaemolyticus that is both rapid and robust as a means to monitor its further spread and to guide control measures in combination with epidemiologic data. Here we describe the results of a multicenter, multicountry validation of a new PulseNet International standardized V. parahaemolyticus pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) protocol. The results are from a composite analysis of 36 well-characterized V. parahaemolyticus isolates from six participating laboratories, and the isolates represent predominant serotypes and various genotypes isolated from different geographic regions and time periods. The discriminatory power is very high, as 34 out of 36 sporadic V. parahaemolyticus strains tested fell into 34 distinguishable PFGE groups when the data obtained with two restriction enzymes (SfiI and NotI) were combined. PFGE was further able to cluster members of known pandemic serogroups. The study also identified quality measures which may affect the performance of the protocol. Nonadherence to the recommended procedure may lead to high background in the PFGE gel patterns, partial digestion, and poor fragment resolution. When these quality measures were implemented, the PulseNet V. parahaemolyticus protocol was found to be both robust and reproducible among the collaborating laboratories. C1 [Kam, Kai Man] Publ Hlth Lab Ctr, Publ Hlth Lab, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Nair, G. B.; Alam, M.; Islam, M. Atiqul] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Ramamurthy, T.; Pazhani, G. P.; Bhattacharya, S. K.] Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Kolkata, India. [Watanabe, H.; Terajima, J.; Arakawa, E.] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. [Ratchtrachenchai, O. -A.; Huttayananont, S.] NIH, Bangkok, Thailand. [Parsons, Michele B.; Cooper, Kara L. F.; Ribot, Efrain M.; Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Swaminathan, Bala] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, PulseNet Methods Dev & Validat Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kam, KM (reprint author), Publ Hlth Lab Ctr, Publ Hlth Lab, 7-F,Rm 731,382 Nam Cheong St, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM kmkam@dh.gov.hk RI Kam, Kai Man/K-4546-2012 OI Kam, Kai Man/0000-0003-0579-0307 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2766 EP 2773 DI 10.1128/JCM.00424-08 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344EI UT WOS:000258908700040 PM 18579720 ER PT J AU Simmonds, MK Armah, G Asmah, R Banerjee, I Damanka, S Esona, M Gentsch, JR Gray, JJ Kirkwood, C Page, N Iturriza-Gomara, M AF Simmonds, Mirjam Kuehne Armah, George Asmah, Richard Banerjee, Indrani Damanka, Susan Esona, Mathew Gentsch, Jon R. Gray, Jim J. Kirkwood, Carl Page, Nicola Iturriza-Gomara, Miren TI New oligonucleotide primers for P-typing of rotavirus strains: Strategies for typing previously untypeable strains SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; genotyping; P-type ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BRAZILIAN CHILDREN; VP4 GENE; DIARRHEA; DIVERSITY; PCR; GASTROENTERITIS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; EFFICACY AB Background: The use of molecular methods for rotavirus characterisation provides increased sensitivity for typing. and allows the identification of putative reassortant strains. However, due to the constant accumulation Of point Mutations through genetic drift: and to the emergence of novel genotypes: and possibly zoonotic transmission and Subsequent reassortment. the reagents and methods used for genotyping require close monitoring and updating, Objectives: To design and evaluate a new VP4 consensus Oligonucleotide primer pair that provides increased sensitivity and allows typing of strains that were untypeable using available methods. Study design: A total of 489 rotavirus-positive faecal specimens from Studies conducted between 1996 and 2006 were used for the evaluation of the new VP4 primers which was performed in the WHO Rotavirus Collaborating and Reference centres in the US. Australia. South Africa and the UK. Results: The new printer pair allowed P-typing of rotavirus strains and provided increased sensitivity, allowing typing of a significant number of strains that previously could not be P-typed. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of a constant reconsideration of primer sequences employed for the molecular typing of rotaviruses. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Simmonds, Mirjam Kuehne; Gray, Jim J.; Iturriza-Gomara, Miren] Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Virus Reference Dept, Enter Virus Unit, London NW9 5EQ, England. [Banerjee, Indrani] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. [Esona, Mathew; Gentsch, Jon R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kirkwood, Carl] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Iturriza-Gomara, M (reprint author), Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Virus Reference Dept, Enter Virus Unit, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5EQ, England. EM miren.iturriza@hpa.org.uk RI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/B-4351-2013; OI Iturriza Gomara, Miren/0000-0001-5816-6423; Page, Nicola/0000-0001-5845-4417 NR 28 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.02.011 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 334RV UT WOS:000258239800008 PM 18378188 ER PT J AU Steinau, M Swan, DC Unger, ER AF Steinau, Martin Swan, David C. Unger, Elizabeth R. TI Type-specific reproducibility of the Roche linear array HPV genotyping test SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HPV; linear arrays; genotyping; test reproducibility ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; PCR; HYBRIDIZATION; ASSAY AB Background: Type-specific detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) is increasingly important for monitoring temporal and age-specific changes in type-specific prevalence in support of HPV vaccination efforts. The impact of sampling. extraction and assay characteristics on HPV results is increasingly recognized. Inter-assay comparability studies have been performed, but the robustness of type-specific results has neither been emphasized nor has the degree of intra-assay reproducibility been addressed. Objectives: Here we describe the general and type-specific reproducibility of the linear array HPV genotyping test (Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN). Study design: Extracts of 276 cervical samples from two ongoing epidemiologic HPV Studies were retested while blinded to prior results. The testing involved five different reagent lots and three technologists. Results: Concordance for HPV detection (sample positive versus negative for any of the 37 types) was high (98.2%. kappa= 0.959). Type-specific concordance for individual HPV types was also high (199.4%. kappa = 0.915). and most samples (83.0%) showed complete concordance for all types. Conclusions: Type-specific reproducibility of the linear array HPV genotyping testis good but not perfect. The results suggest that type-specific performance should be included in the evaluation of HPV typing formats. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Steinau, Martin; Swan, David C.; Unger, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Steinau, M (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MSteinau@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 412 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.03.004 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 334RV UT WOS:000258239800016 PM 18424229 ER PT J AU Duru, OK Gerzoff, RB Brown, AF Karter, AJ Kim, C Kountz, D Narayan, KMV Schneider, SH Tseng, CW Waitzfelder, B Mangione, CM AF Duru, O. Kenrik Gerzoff, Robert B. Brown, Arleen F. Karter, Andrew J. Kim, Catherine Kountz, David Narayan, K. M. Venkat Schneider, Stephen H. Tseng, Chien-Wen Waitzfelder, Beth Mangione, Carol M. TI Predictors of sustained walking among diabetes patients in managed care: The Translating Research into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE sustained walking; diabetes patients; managed care; TRIAD study; pain; obesity; comorbidities ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; PROMOTE PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OLDER-ADULTS; CHRONIC PAIN; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SELF-MANAGEMENT; US ADULTS; EXERCISE; MORTALITY AB BACKGROUND: Although patients with diabetes may benefit from physical activity, few studies have examined sustained walking in this population. OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors associated with sustained walking among managed care patients with diabetes. DESIGN: Longitudinal, observational cohort study with questionnaires administered 2.5 years apart. PARTICIPANTS: Five thousand nine hundred thirty-five patients with diabetes walking at least 20 minutes/day at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was the likelihood of sustained walking, defined as walking at least 20 minutes/day at follow-up. We evaluated a logistic regression model that included demographic, clinical, and neighborhood variables as independent predictors of sustained walking, and expressed the results as predicted percentages. RESULTS: The absence of pain was linked to walking behavior, as 62% of patients with new pain, 67% with ongoing pain, and 70% without pain were still walking at follow-up (p=.03). Obese patients were less likely (65%) to sustain walking than overweight (71%) or normal weight (70%) patients (p=.03). Patients >= 65 years (63%) were less likely to sustain walking than patients between 45 and 64 (70%) or <= 44 (73%) years (p=.04). Only 62% of patients with a new comorbidity sustained walking compared with 68% of those who did not (p <.001). We found no association between any neighborhood variables and sustained walking in this cohort of active walkers. CONCLUSIONS: Pain, obesity, and new comorbidities were moderately associated with decreases in sustained walking. Whereas controlled intervention studies are needed, prevention, or treatment of these adverse conditions may help patients with diabetes sustain walking behavior. C1 [Duru, O. Kenrik; Brown, Arleen F.; Mangione, Carol M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gerzoff, Robert B.; Narayan, K. M. Venkat] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Karter, Andrew J.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Kim, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kountz, David] UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Primary Care, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Narayan, K. M. Venkat] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Schneider, Stephen H.] UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Endocrinol & Metab, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Tseng, Chien-Wen; Waitzfelder, Beth] Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. [Mangione, Carol M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Tseng, Chien-Wen] Univ Hawaii, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Duru, OK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, 911 Broxton Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM kduru@mednet.ucla.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 FU NIA NIH HHS [P30 AG021684, P30AG021684]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK081796, R01 DK081796-03]; NIMHD NIH HHS [P20MD000182, P20 MD000148, P20 MD000182, P20MD000148]; PHS HHS [04005] NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1194 EP 1199 DI 10.1007/s11606-008-0629-6 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 337RX UT WOS:000258454300012 PM 18452046 ER PT J AU Franka, R Johnson, N Muller, T Vos, A Neubert, L Freuling, C Rupprecht, CE Fooks, AR AF Franka, R. Johnson, N. Mueller, T. Vos, A. Neubert, L. Freuling, C. Rupprecht, C. E. Fooks, A. R. TI Susceptibility of North American big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to infection with European bat lyssavirus type 1 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RABIES-RELATED VIRUSES; FREE-TAILED BATS; TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS; CARNIVORA OPOSSUM; UNITED-STATES; VAMPIRE BATS; PCR ASSAY; ZOO BATS; PATHOGENESIS; PREVALENCE AB The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of insectivorous bats (using the big brown bat as a model) to infection with European bat lyssavirus type 1 a (EBLV-1 a), to assess the dynamics of host immune responses and to evaluate the opportunity for horizontal viral transmission within colonies. Two isolates of EBLV-1 a, originating from Slovakia (EBLV-1 aSK) and Germany (EBLV-1 aGE), were tested. Four different routes of inoculation were used with isolate EBLV-1aSK [104,8 mouse intracerebral median lethal dose (MICLD50) in 50 pl]: intramuscular (i.m.) in the deltoid area or masseter region, per os (p.o.) and intradermal (i.d.) scratches. Isolate E13LV-1aGE (103-2 and 102.2 MICLD50 in 20 pl) was inoculated via the intranasal (i.n.), i.m. (low- and high-dose groups, into pectoral muscles); p.o. and intracerebral (i.c.) routes. None of the bats infected by the i.n., p.o. or i.d. route with either virus isolate developed disease during the experiments (91 or 120 days, respectively). Incubation periods were 9-12 days for i.c.-inoculated bats (66 % mortality), 12-33 days for bats inoculated i.m. with the higher dose (23-50 % mortality) and 21 -58 days in bats inoculated i.m. with the lower dose of virus (57 % mortality). Virus or viral RNA in bat saliva was detected occasionally, as early as 37 days before death. All i.d.-inoculated and the majority of i.m.-inoculated bats seroconverted within 7-10 days of inoculation. These observations suggest that exposure of bats to varying doses of EBLV-11 from rabid conspecifics via natural (i.d.) routes could lead to an abortive infection and serve as a natural mode of immunization resulting in the presence of virusneutralizing antibodies in free-ranging bats. C1 [Franka, R.; Rupprecht, C. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Johnson, N.; Fooks, A. R.] WHO Collaborating Ctr Characterizat Rabies & Rabi, Rabies & Wildlife Zoonoses Grp, Dept Virol, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. [Mueller, T.; Freuling, C.] Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Friedrich Loeffler Inst, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany. [Vos, A.; Neubert, L.] IDT Biol, D-06861 Dessau Rossiau, Germany. RP Franka, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rpf5@cdc.gov RI Johnson, Nicholas/B-4654-2011; Fooks, Anthony/F-5418-2010; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 OI Johnson, Nicholas/0000-0002-6106-9373; NR 81 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 89 BP 1998 EP 2010 DI 10.1099/vir.0.83688-0 PN 8 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 335PF UT WOS:000258301800024 PM 18632972 ER PT J AU Gillum, R AF Gillum, R. TI Global health care: Issues and policies SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Book Review C1 [Gillum, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD AUG PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1013 EP 1014 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 336FW UT WOS:000258350700031 ER PT J AU Freeman, MM Kerin, T Hull, J McCaustland, K Gentsch, J AF Freeman, Molly M. Kerin, Tara Hull, Jennifer McCaustland, Karen Gentsch, Jon TI Enhancement of detection and quantification of rotavirus in stool using a modified real-time RT-PCR assay SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; real-time RT-PCR; NSP-3; children; diarrhea ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; UNITED-STATES; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; NUCLEIC-ACID; CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; INFECTION; STRAINS; GASTROENTERITIS AB A sensitive and specific real-time RT-PCR assay to detect rotavirus in stool samples was optimized and validated using a wide range of rotavirus genotypes. The target of the original TaqMan (R) assay is an 87 bp fragment of the highly conserved non-structural protein 3 (NSP3) gene. Here we modified the original assay by introducing degeneracy into the forward primer to account for sequence variation between rotavirus genotypes, added four nucleotides at the Tend of the reverse primer to reduce its stability, and modified the probe label. Amplification and detection conditions were optimized using purified dsRNA from two cultivated strains. The limit of detection of the modified assay was calculated to be approximately 44 genome copies per reaction. To validate the reactivity of the assay, 103 archived RNAs that had been extracted from stools and genotyped during routine U.S. surveillance were tested. Samples were selected to represent both rare and common genotypes that have been detected in U.S. children. Nine genotypes known to be circulating in the United States were detected by the real-time assay demonstrating broad reactivity. In addition, other enteric viruses were not detected demonstrating that the assay is specific for rotavirus and does not cross-react with other viruses potentially present in stool samples. This real-time assay is an important addition to the arsenal of molecular tools available to quickly identify rotavirus in stool samples during routine surveillance. C1 [McCaustland, Karen] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [McCaustland, Karen] Natl Ctr Preparedness, Detect & Control Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Freeman, MM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmfreeman@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 80 IS 8 BP 1489 EP 1496 DI 10.1002/jmv.21228 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 319NN UT WOS:000257170800024 PM 18551614 ER PT J AU Anderson, JL Spitz, HB Daniels, RD AF Anderson, Jeri L. Spitz, Henry B. Daniels, Robert D. TI Population monitoiring for acute exposure to Po-210 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HUMANS; MICE AB Objective: To investigate the feasibility of using single void urine samples to monitor internal radiation exposure of first responders and large populations in the event of a radiological incident involving the intentional dispersal of Po-210. Methods: Urinary excretion of Po-210 was evaluated and organ absorbed and effective doses were calculated subsequent to an acute unit intake of Po-210. Results: Po-210 can be detected in single void urine samples at levels sufficient to detect effective dose below recommended limits. Minimum intakes of Po-210 that would result in clinically significant effects were estimated. Conclusions: Collection and analysis of single void urine samples is adequate to identify persons who may be exposed in the event of a radiological emergency involving Po-210. Also, the first responder limit appears to be sufficiently protective to prevent clinically significant deterministic effects. C1 [Anderson, Jeri L.; Spitz, Henry B.; Daniels, Robert D.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Anderson, JL (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM JLAnderson@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 50 IS 8 BP 916 EP 923 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318181b4f2 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 337TT UT WOS:000258459100005 PM 18695450 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Molinari, NA Grosse, SD Honein, MA Correa-Villasenor, A AF Boulet, Sheree L. Molinari, Noelle-Angelique Grosse, Scott D. Honein, Margaret A. Correa-Villasenor, Adolfo TI Health care expenditures for infants and young children with Down syndrome in a privately insured population SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; UNITED-STATES; SURVIVAL; ATLANTA; COSTS AB Objective To use health care insurance claims data from a privately insured population to estimate health care use and expenditures for infants and children aged 0 to 4 years with Down syndrome. Study design Data from the 2004 Medstat MarketScan database were used to estimate medical care use and expenditures related to inpatient admissions, outpatient services, and prescription drug claims for children with and those without Down syndrome. Costs were further stratified by the presence or absence of a congenital heart defect (CHD). Results The mean medical costs for infants and children with Down syndrome were $36 384 during 2004; median medical costs were $11 164. Mean and median medical costs for children 0 to 4 years of age with Down syndrome were 12 to 13 times higher than for children without Down syndrome. For infants with Down syndrome and CHDs, mean and median costs were 5 to 7 times higher than for infants with Down syndrome who did not have CHDs. Conclusions These findings may facilitate future assessments of the effect of the Down syndrome on the health care system. C1 [Boulet, Sheree L.; Molinari, Noelle-Angelique; Grosse, Scott D.; Honein, Margaret A.; Correa-Villasenor, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Boulet, Sheree L.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Boulet, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sboulet@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 J9 J PEDIATR JI J. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 153 IS 2 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.02.016 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 335DD UT WOS:000258270100023 PM 18534234 ER PT J AU Lowry, R Lee, SM Mckenna, ML Galuska, DA Kann, LK AF Lowry, Richard Lee, Sarah M. Mckenna, Mary L. Galuska, Deborah A. Kann, Laura K. TI Weight management and fruit and vegetable intake among US high school students SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE nutrition and diet; physical fitness and sport; child and adolescent health ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; ADOLESCENTS; CONSUMPTION; TELEVISION; OBESITY; CHILDREN; RISK; INTERVENTION; RELIABILITY AB BACKGROUND: Consumption of fruits and vegetables is often recommended to promote healthy weight. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between fruit and vegetable intake and common weight management behaviors among US high school students who were trying to lose or stay the same weight. METHODS: Data from the 1999, 2001, and 2003 national high school Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were combined and the analyses stratified by gender (females, N = 16,709; males, N = 10,521). We considered 3 common weight management strategies-being physically active (ie, moderate activity for 30 minutes on 5 or more days per week or vigorous activity for 20 minutes on 3 or more days per week), eating a reduced calorie or fat diet, and limiting TV viewing. Sufficient fruit and vegetable intake was defined as eating 5 or more servings per day. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Only 21.3% of females and 24.7% of males ate sufficient fruits and vegetables. Being physically active was associated with sufficient fruit and vegetable intake. Eating a reduced calorie or fat diet and limiting TV viewing (among males) were associated with sufficient fruit and vegetable intake only among physically active students. The odds of sufficient fruit and vegetable intake were greatest among female (OR = 3.01) and male (OR = 2.91) students who combined all 3 strategies (31.5% of females, 21.6% of males). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that promote fruit and vegetable intake within the context of healthy weight management may be more effective if they combine nutrition and physical activity strategies. Further research is needed to test this approach. C1 [Lowry, Richard; Kann, Laura K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mckenna, Mary L.] Univ New Brunswick, Fac Kinesiol, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [Galuska, Deborah A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lowry, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance & Evaluat Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rlowry@cdc.gov; bvv5@cdc.gov; mmckenna@unb.ca; dbg6@cdc.gov; lkk1@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD AUG PY 2008 VL 78 IS 8 BP 417 EP 424 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00324.x PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 327CO UT WOS:000257707400002 PM 18651928 ER PT J AU Schrader, SM Breitenstein, MJ Lowe, BD AF Schrader, Steven M. Breitenstein, Michael J. Lowe, Brian D. TI Cutting off the nose to save the penis SO JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bicycle; bike; saddle; seat; biothesiometry; penis; erectile dysfunction; rigiscan; IIEF ID ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; OXYGEN-PRESSURE; PUDENDAL NERVE; HOME MONITOR; RIGIDITY; COMPRESSION; TUMESCENCE; PALSY; ULNAR; SEAT AB Introduction. The average bicycle police officer spends 24 hours a week on his bicycle and previous studies have shown riding a bicycle with a traditional (nosed) saddle has been associated with urogenital paresthesia and sexual dysfunction. Aim. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the no-nose bicycle saddle as an ergonomic intervention and their acceptance among male bicycle police officers. Methods. Bicycle police officers from five U.S. metropolitan areas were recruited for this study. Officers completed: (i) the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire (IIEF); (ii) computerized pressure measurements at the points of contact on the bicycle; the handlebars, the pedals, and the saddle; (iii) one night of nocturnal Rigiscan (R) assessment; (iv) penile vibrotactile sensitivity threshold assessed by computerized biothesiometery. Officers selected a no-nose saddle for their bicycles and were asked to use the intervention saddle exclusively for 6 months, at which point they were retested. Main Outcome Measures. Perineal pressure, urogenital numbness, penile vibrotactile sensitivity threshold, erectile function as measure by International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire (IIEF) and Rigiscan. Results. After 6 months, 90 men were reassessed. Only three men had returned to a traditional saddle. The results are presented for those who used the no-nose saddle continuously for 6 months. There was a 66% reduction in saddle contact pressure in the perineal region (P < 0.001). There was a significant improvement in penis tactile sensation (P = 0.015). There was a significant improvement in erectile function assessed by IIEF (P = 0.015). There were no changes noted in the Rigiscan (R) measures. The number of men indicating they had not experienced urogential paresthesia while cycling for the preceding 6 months, rose from 27% to 82% using no-nose saddles. Conclusions. (i) With few exceptions, bicycle police officers were able to effectively use no-nose saddles in their police work. (ii) Use of no-nose saddles reduced most perineal pressure. (iii) Penile health improved after 6 month using no-nose saddles as measured by biothesiometry and IIEF. There was no improvement in Rigiscan (R) measure after 6 months of using no nose saddles, suggesting that a longer recovery time may be needed. C1 [Schrader, Steven M.; Breitenstein, Michael J.; Lowe, Brian D.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schrader, SM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, C-3,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM sms4@cdc.gov RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1743-6095 J9 J SEX MED JI J. Sex. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 5 IS 8 BP 1932 EP 1940 DI 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00867.x PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 332HL UT WOS:000258074000017 PM 18466268 ER PT J AU Chen, X White, MC Peipins, LA Seeff, LC AF Chen, Xiao White, Mary C. Peipins, Lucy A. Seeff, Laura C. TI Increase in screening for colorectal cancer in older americans: Results from a national survey SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE aged; colorectal cancer; colonoscopy; health surveys ID MEDICARE REIMBURSEMENT; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; COLON-CANCER; POPULATION; DISPARITIES; COLONOSCOPY; COVERAGE AB OBJECTIVES: To compare the proportions of the U.S. Population aged 65 and older who underwent tests for colorectal cancer (CRC) in 2000 and 2005 to examine the effect of the change in Medicare reimbursement for screening colonoscopy that occurred in 2001. DESIGN: National population-based survey. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 6,035 respondents to the 2000 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and 5,490 respondents to the 2005 NHIS aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: A questionnaire was used to assess self-reports of testing (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or home fecal occult blood test (FOBT)) for CRC. Estimates for the U.S. population were extrapolated from the Survey results. To account for the complex sampling design, SUDAAN was used to calculate Population sizes and proportions. RESULTS: In U.S. adults aged 65 and older, the proportion reporting up-to-date CRC testing increased from 39.5% in 2000 to 47.1 % in 2005. By 2005, endoscopy had become more common than home FOBT for CRIC screening in older adults. In 2000 and in 2005, a higher proportion of men than women were screened across all age groups and for all screening modalities. The proportion screened declined with older age. CONCLUSION: Substantial Increases in CRC testing, particularly colonoscopy, followed changes in Medicare reimbursement for screening colonoscopy in adults aged 65 and older. Although nearly half of older adults were up to date with CRC tests, differences remained in the use of screening according to age and sex within this age group. C1 [White, Mary C.; Peipins, Lucy A.; Seeff, Laura C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chen, Xiao] Constella Grp LLC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP White, MC (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mxw5@cdc.gov RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1511 EP 1516 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01796.x PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 340AD UT WOS:000258617500018 PM 18662217 ER PT J AU Le, CT Vu, TT Luu, MC Do, TN Dinh, TH Kamb, ML AF Le, Chinh T. Vu, Thanh Tung Luu, Minh Chau Do, Thi Nhan Dinh, Thu-Ha Kamb, Mary L. TI Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Vietnam: An assessment of progress and future directions SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV; Vietnam; perinatal HIV testing and prophylaxis ID LABOR AB Preliminary to the development a new program supporting perinatal HIV prevention, this assessment was conducted to evaluate Vietnams national prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) program by estimating HIV prevalence among prenatal women and analyzing the healthcare system capacity to deliver services. In 2002-03, a technical team reviewed existing national and local surveillance and program data and conducted on-site interviews and observations at maternal-child health (MCH) programs in the seven provinces with highest HIV rates. The team found that despite high (85%) prenatal service utilization and widespread availability of HIV testing and dissemination of prevention protocols, few HIV-infected mothers were identified in time to allow effective perinatal HIV prevention. Program deficits clustered around the general areas of provider misunderstanding of occupational HIV risk and MTCT, impractical PMTCT policies, and practices hampering effective use of prevention and treatment protocols. Existing problems were significant but modifiable, and will require implementation of practical and appropriate guidelines, enhanced clinical and laboratory capacity, and continued program management and monitoring. C1 [Le, Chinh T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Vietnam Off, Glabal AIDS Program, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Dinh, Thu-Ha; Kamb, Mary L.] CDC, GAP Vietnam Off, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Kamb, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkamb@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-6338 J9 J TROP PEDIATRICS JI J. Trop. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 4 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1093/tropej/fmm112 PG 8 WC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine SC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine GA 330TG UT WOS:000257965100003 PM 18211950 ER PT J AU Wendelboe, AM Baumbach, J Blossom, DB Frank, P Srinivasan, A Sewell, CM AF Wendelboe, Aaron M. Baumbach, Joan Blossom, David B. Frank, Patricia Srinivasan, Arjun Sewell, C. Mack TI Outbreak of cystoscopy related infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: New Mexico, 2007 SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE urinary tract infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; epidemiology; disinfection; infection control ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; GUIDELINE AB Purpose: Personnel at the New Mexico Department of Health investigated a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak potentially associated with outpatient cystoscopy performed by a urologist during January 1 to April 22, 2007. Materials and Methods: We compared infection rates with baseline rates, reviewed infection control procedures and performed environmental sampling at the urologist office. We also performed a case-control study. Cases had blood or urine cultures positive for P. aeruginosa during January 1 to April 22, 2007. Controls had blood or urine cultures ordered through the same laboratory. Clinical and environmental isolates were typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Results: A total of 23 case-patients were identified, including 17 with urinary tract infections alone, 2 with bacteremia alone and 4 with urinary tract infections plus bacteremia. Seven case-patients experienced P. aeruginosa infection after cystoscopy was performed by this urologist. On multivariate analysis cystoscopy done by this urologist was the strongest risk factor for positive P. aeruginosa culture (OR 46.5, 95% confidence limits 3.1, 705). Recent hospitalization, having a urinary catheter and age 75 years or older were also independently associated with case status. Multiple breaches in cystoscope reprocessing procedures were identified. The urologist cystoscope was culture positive for P. aeruginosa. All 4 available clinical isolates from patients in whom cystoscopy was done by this urologist had pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns identical to those of specimens from the cystoscope. The implementation of proper reprocessing methods terminated the outbreak. Conclusions: Our investigation implicated a contaminated cystoscope as the likely source of these infections. Health care personnel who disinfect cystoscopes should follow manufacturer recommendations and guidelines on reprocessing flexible endoscopes. The development of cystoscope specific guidelines might promote increased compliance with correct reprocessing procedures. C1 [Wendelboe, Aaron M.; Blossom, David B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Blossom, David B.; Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual & Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wendelboe, Aaron M.; Baumbach, Joan; Sewell, C. Mack] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Epidemiol & Response Div, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Frank, Patricia] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Div, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Wendelboe, AM (reprint author), 1190 S St Francis Dr, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 180 IS 2 BP 588 EP 592 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2008.04.003 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 325LE UT WOS:000257589600054 PM 18554660 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, S Xia, GL Ganova-Raeva, LM Nainan, OV Khudyakov, Y AF Ramachandran, Sumathi Xia, Guo-liang Ganova-Raeva, Lilia M. Nainan, Omana V. Khudyakov, Yury TI End-point limiting-dilution real-time PCR assay for evaluation of hepatitis C virus quasispecies in serum: Performance under optimal and suboptimal conditions SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; HVR1; quasispecies; limiting-dilution; PCR; molecular epidemiology ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULE PCR; DNA; INFECTION; RECOMBINATION; VARIABILITY; GENOTYPES; SEQUENCE; MUTATION AB An approach for determination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) quasispecies by end-point limiting-dilution real-time PCR (EPLD-PCR) is described. It involves isolation of individual coexisting sequence variants of the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the HCV genome from serum specimens using a limiting-dilution protocol. EPLD-PCR applied to an HCV outbreak study provided insights into the epidemiological relationships between incident and chronic cases. When applied to samples from a longitudinal study of infected patients, HVR1 sequences from each sampling time-point were observed to group as distinct phylogenetic clusters. Melting peak analysis conducted on EPLD-PCR products generated from these patients could be used for evaluation of HVR1 sequence heterogeneity without recourse to clonal sequencing, Further, to better understand the mechanism of single-molecule PCR, experiments were conducted under optimal and suboptimal annealing temperatures. Under all temperature conditions tested, HVR1 variants from the major phylogenetic clusters Of quasispecies could be amplified, revealing that Successful HVR1 quasispecies analysis is not contingent to dilution of starting cDNA preparations to a single-molecule state. It Was found that EPLD-PCR conducted at Suboptimal annealing temperatures generated distributions Of unique-sequence variants slightly different from the distribution obtained by PCR conducted at the optimal temperature. Hence, EPLD-PCR conditions can be manipulated to access different subpopulations of HCV HVR1 quasispecies, thus, improving the range of the quasispecies detection. Although EPLD-PCR conducted at different conditions detect slightly different quasispecies populations, as was shown it) this study, the resulted samples of quasispecies are completely suitable for molecular epidemiological investigation in different clinical and epidemiological settings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ramachandran, Sumathi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ramachandran, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop A-33,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dcq6@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 2008 VL 151 IS 2 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.05.005 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 335RH UT WOS:000258307200009 PM 18571738 ER PT J AU Velez, JI Russell, BJ Hughes, HR Chang, GJJ Johnson, BW AF Velez, Jason I. Russell, Brandy J. Hughes, Holly R. Chang, Gwong-Jen J. Johnson, Barbara W. TI Microcarrier culture of COS-1 cells producing Japanese encephalitis and dengue virus serotype 4 recombinant virus-like particles SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Japanese encephalitis; dengue; microcarrier; COS-1; recombinant antigen; flaviviruses; Cytodex (TM) 3 ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; ANIMAL-CELLS; ANTIBODY; ANTIGEN; PROTEINS; GROWTH AB Two stably transfected COS-1 cell lines that secrete recombinant Japanese encephalitis and dengue virus serotype 4 Virus-like particles (VLPs) have been adapted to grow on Cytodex (TM) 3 microcarriers in an orbital shaker flask platform. The VLPs are used as antigens in diagnostic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect anti-arboviral IgM and IgG antibodies in human serum samples. Converting from a stationary flask batch system to a microcarrier fed-batch system has led to increases in antigen concentration while decreasing costs by reducing the amount Of Cell culture medium, disposables, and labor. The cell culture longevity was increased by 48 days in this optimized system, which may be due to a continual supply of nutrients resulting in prolonged survival Of the cells on the microcarrier Surface. An initial trial using a serum-free medium with this cell line was promising and may lead to reductions in cost, while reducing the Variability between batches introduced by fetal bovine serum. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Velez, Jason I.; Russell, Brandy J.; Hughes, Holly R.; Johnson, Barbara W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diagnost Reference Lab, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Velez, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diagnost Reference Lab, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jvelez@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 2008 VL 151 IS 2 BP 230 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.05.010 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 335RH UT WOS:000258307200011 PM 18586334 ER PT J AU Curtis, KA Rudolph, DL Owen, SM AF Curtis, Kelly A. Rudolph, Donna L. Owen, S. Michele TI Rapid detection of HIV-1 by reverse-transcription, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 detection; reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification; RT-LAMP; rapid test; nucleic acid detection ID INFECTION; VIRUS; DIAGNOSIS; STRAINS; TESTS; CELLS AB A rapid, cost-effective diagnostic or confirmatory test for the detection of early HIV-1 infection is highly desired, especially for use in resource-poor or point-of-care settings. The reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) technology has been evaluated for the detection of HIV-1 DNA and RNA, using six RT-LAMP primers designed against highly conserved sequences located within the protease and p24 gene regions. Amplification from lab-adapted HIV-1 DNA and RNA was detected as early as 30 min, with maximum sensitivity of 10 and 100 copies per reaction, respectively, reached at 60 min. Comparable sensitivity was observed with extracted nucleic acid from plasma and blood samples of HIV-1-infected individuals. Furthermore, the RT-LAMP procedure was modified for the direct detection of HIV-1 nucleic acid in plasma and blood samples, eliminating the need for an additional nucleic acid extraction step and reducing the overall procedure time to approximately 90 min. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Curtis, Kelly A.; Rudolph, Donna L.; Owen, S. Michele] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Curtis, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM czv2@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 106 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 2008 VL 151 IS 2 BP 264 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.04.011 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 335RH UT WOS:000258307200016 PM 18524393 ER PT J AU Li, H Thomassen, LV Majid, A McMahon, BJ Bruden, D McArdle, S Bano, N Chung, MJ Carithers, RL Perkins, JD Sullivan, DG Gretch, DR AF Li, Hui Thomassen, Lisa V. Majid, Ayaz McMahon, Brian J. Bruden, Dana McArdle, Susan Bano, Nazneen Chung, Minjun Carithers, Robert L. Perkins, James D. Sullivan, Daniel G. Gretch, David R. TI Investigation of putative multisubtype hepatitis C virus infections in vivo by heteroduplex mobility analysis of core/envelope subgenomes SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERVARIABLE REGION 1; 5 NONCODING REGION; LINE PROBE ASSAY; UNITED-STATES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; INTERFERON THERAPY; MAJOR GENOTYPES; BLOOD-DONORS; LIVER; EVOLUTION AB The frequency that multiple different subtypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) simultaneously infect a given individual is controversial. To address this question, heteroduplex mobility analysis (HMA) of portions of the HCV core and envelope 1 region was optimized for sensitive and specific detection of mixtures of HCV genomes of different genotype or subtype. Using the standard HCV genotyping approach of 5'-untransiated region (UTR) analysis, 28 of 374 (7.5%) chronic hepatitis C research subjects were classified as having either multiple-subtype HCV infections (n = 21) or switching HCV subtypes over time (n = 7), the latter pattern implying viral superinfection. Upon retesting of specimens by HMA, 25 of 28 multiple-subtype results could not be reproduced. All three patients with positive results were injection drug users with potential multiple HCV exposures. To address the hypothesis of tissue sequestration of multiple-subtype HCV infections, liver (n = 22), peripheral blood mononuclear cell (n = 13), perihepatic lymph node (n = 16), and serum (n = 19) specimens from 23 subjects with end-stage hepatitis C were collected and analyzed by the HMA technique. Whereas 5'-UTR results implicated mixed-subtype HCV infections in 2 subjects, HMA testing revealed no evidence of a second HCV subtype in any tissue compartment (0 of 70 compartments [0%]) or within any given subject (0 of 23 subjects [0%]). In summary, a large proportion of mixed-genotype and switching-genotype patterns generated by 5'-UTR analysis were not reproducible using the HMA approach, emphasizing the need for additional study. C1 [Li, Hui; McArdle, Susan; Bano, Nazneen; Chung, Minjun; Sullivan, Daniel G.; Gretch, David R.] Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thomassen, Lisa V.] Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Carithers, Robert L.; Gretch, David R.] Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Perkins, James D.] Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Majid, Ayaz] Univ Miami, Dept Med, Miami, FL USA. [McMahon, Brian J.; Bruden, Dana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Investigators Unit, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Gretch, DR (reprint author), 325 9th Ave,Box 359690, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM gretch@u.washington.edu RI Li, Hui/E-8533-2010 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI066209, R01 AI66209-01, U19 AI048214, U19 AI48214-02, R01 AI049168, AI049168-06] NR 49 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 82 IS 15 BP 7524 EP 7532 DI 10.1128/JVI.02220-07 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 328AV UT WOS:000257770500027 PM 18495766 ER PT J AU Lamirande, EW DeDiego, ML Roberts, A Jackson, JP Alvarez, E Sheahan, T Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Baric, R Enjuanes, L Subbarao, K AF Lamirande, Elaine W. DeDiego, Marta L. Roberts, Anjeanette Jackson, Jadon P. Alvarez, Enrique Sheahan, Tim Shieh, Wun-Ju Zaki, Sherif R. Baric, Ralph Enjuanes, Luis Subbarao, Kanta TI A live attenuated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is immunogenic and efficacious in Golden Syrian hamsters SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARS CORONAVIRUS; INFECTION; VACCINES; BATS AB The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine consisting of a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus lacking the E gene (rSARS-CoV-Delta E) were studied using hamsters. Hamsters immunized with rSARS-CoV-Delta E developed high serum-neutralizing antibody titers and were protected from replication of homologous (SARS-CoV Urbani) and heterologous (GD03) SARS-CoV in the upper and lower respiratory tract. rSARS-CoV-Delta E-immunized hamsters remained active following wildtype virus challenge, while mock-immunized hamsters displayed decreased activity. Despite being attenuated in replication in the respiratory tract, rSARS-CoV-Delta E is an immunogenic and efficacious vaccine in hamsters. C1 [Lamirande, Elaine W.; Roberts, Anjeanette; Jackson, Jadon P.; Subbarao, Kanta] NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [DeDiego, Marta L.; Alvarez, Enrique; Enjuanes, Luis] Campus Univ Autonoma, Nacl Biotecnol CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Madrid 28049, Spain. [Sheahan, Tim; Baric, Ralph] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Shieh, Wun-Ju; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ksubbarao@niaid.nih.gov RI DeDiego, Marta L./B-2307-2017; OI DeDiego, Marta L./0000-0002-7888-7372; Enjuanes, Luis/0000-0002-0854-0226 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAID NIH HHS [AI059136, R01 AI059136] NR 11 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 82 IS 15 BP 7721 EP 7724 DI 10.1128/JVI.00304-08 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 328AV UT WOS:000257770500045 PM 18463152 ER PT J AU Warnick, GR Kimberly, MM Waymack, PP Leary, ET Myers, GL AF Warnick, G. Russell Kimberly, Mary M. Waymack, Parvin P. Leary, Elizabeth T. Myers, Gary L. TI Standardization of measurements for cholesterol, triglycerides, and major lipoproteins SO LABMEDICINE LA English DT Review ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; EDUCATION-PROGRAM RECOMMENDATIONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MATERIAL; CANDIDATE DEFINITIVE METHOD; METHOD LABORATORY NETWORK; NATIONAL REFERENCE SYSTEM; PROJECT CALIBRATION 2000; CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY; LDL-CHOLESTEROL AB This review evaluates the status of standardization of lipids and lipoproteins. Prerequisites and some basic principles for standardization are provided. The reference systems for cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) are described. Brief descriptions of the standardization programs available for each of these analytes are also provided. Finally, the review addresses some of the challenges in standardizing these markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The standardization programs described have contributed to improvements in laboratory measurements of lipids and lipoproteins. Our intention is that clinical laboratory professionals and manufacturers of in vitro diagnostics will use these resources to standardize lipid and lipoprotein measurements. Manufacturers must take the initiative to thoroughly evaluate their products and ensure traceability to the reference systems. C1 [Warnick, G. Russell] Berkeley Heart Lab, Alameda, CA USA. [Kimberly, Mary M.; Waymack, Parvin P.; Myers, Gary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Leary, Elizabeth T.] Pacific Biometr Inc, Seattle, WA USA. RP Warnick, GR (reprint author), Berkeley Heart Lab, Alameda, CA USA. NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LABMEDICINE JI Labmedicine PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 8 BP 481 EP 490 DI 10.1309/6UL9RHJH1JFFU4PY PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 330PE UT WOS:000257954500009 ER PT J AU Coleman, MP Quaresma, M Berrino, F Lutz, JM De Angelis, R Capocaccia, R Baili, P Rachet, B Gatta, G Hakulinen, T Micheli, A Sant, M Weir, HK Elwood, JM Tsukuma, H Koifman, S Silva, GAE Francisci, S Santaquilani, M Verdecchia, A Storm, HH Young, JL AF Coleman, Michel P. Quaresma, Manuela Berrino, Franco Lutz, Jean-Michel De Angelis, Roberto Capocaccia, Riccardo Baili, Paolo Rachet, Bernard Gatta, Gemma Hakulinen, Timo Micheli, Andrea Sant, Milena Weir, Hannah K. Elwood, J. Mark Tsukuma, Hideaki Koifman, Sergio Azevedo e Silva, Gulnar Francisci, Silvia Santaquilani, Mariano Verdecchia, Arduino Storm, Hans H. Young, John L. CA CONCORD Working Grp TI Cancer survival in five continents: a worldwide population-based study (CONCORD) SO LANCET ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SOUTH ASIAN WOMEN; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; RELATIVE SURVIVAL; PROSTATE-CANCER; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; DEATH CERTIFICATE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN AB Background Cancer survival varies widely between countries. The CONCORD study provides survival estimates for 1.9 million adults (aged 15-99 years) diagnosed with a first, primary, invasive cancer of the breast (women), colon, rectum, or prostate during 1990-94 and followed up to 1999, by use of individual turnour records from 101 populationbased cancer registries in 31 countries on five continents. This is, to our knowledge, the first worldwide analysis of cancer survival, with standard quality-control procedures and identical analytic methods for all datasets. Methods To compensate for wide international differences in general population (background) mortality by age, sex, country, region, calendar period, and (in the USA) ethnic origin, we estimated relative survival, the ratio of survival noted in the patients with cancer, and the survival that would have been expected had they been subject only to the background mortality rates. 2800 life tables were constructed. Survival estimates were also adjusted for differences in the age structure of populations of patients with cancer. Findings Global variation in cancer survival was very wide. 5-year relative survival for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer was generally higher in North America, Australia, Japan, and northern, western, and southern Europe, and lower in Algeria, Brazil, and eastern Europe. CONCORD has provided the first opportunity to estimate cancer survival in 11 states in USA covered by the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), and the study covers 42% of the US population, four-fold more than previously available. Cancer survival in black men and women was systematically and substantially lower than in white men and women in all 16 states and six metropolitan areas included. Relative survival for all ethnicities combined was 2-4% lower in states covered by NPCR than in areas covered by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Age-standardised relative survival by use of the appropriate racespecific and state-specific life tables was up to 2% lower for breast cancer and up to 5% lower for prostate cancer than with the census-derived national life tables used by the SEER Program. These differences in population coverage and analytical method have both contributed to the survival deficit noted between Europe and the USA, from which only SEER data have been available until now. Interpretation Until now, direct comparisons of cancer survival between high-income and low-income countries have not generally been available. The information provided here might therefore be a useful stimulus for change. The findings should eventually facilitate joint assessment of international trends in incidence, survival, and mortality as indicators of cancer control. C1 [Coleman, Michel P.; Quaresma, Manuela; Rachet, Bernard] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Canc Res UK Canc Survival Grp, Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Berrino, Franco; Gatta, Gemma; Sant, Milena] Ist Nazl Tumori, Fdn IRCCS, Dept Prevent & Predict Med, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Baili, Paolo; Micheli, Andrea] Ist Nazl Tumori, Fdn IRCCS, Descript Epidemiol & Hlth Planning Unit, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Lutz, Jean-Michel] Geneva Canc Registry, Geneva, Switzerland. [De Angelis, Roberto; Capocaccia, Riccardo; Francisci, Silvia; Santaquilani, Mariano; Verdecchia, Arduino] Ist Super Sanita, Natl Ctr Epidemiol Surveillance & Hlth Promot, Dept Canc Epidemiol, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Hakulinen, Timo] Finnish Canc Registry, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland. [Weir, Hannah K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Elwood, J. Mark] British Columbia Canc Agcy, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada. [Tsukuma, Hideaki] Osaka Med Ctr Canc & Cardiovasc Dis, Osaka Canc Registry, Dept Canc Control & Stat, Osaka, Japan. [Koifman, Sergio] Minist Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Azevedo e Silva, Gulnar] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Social Med, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Storm, Hans H.] Danish Canc Soc, Dept Canc Prevent & Documentat, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Young, John L.] Emory Univ, Metropolitan Atlanta SEER Registry, Georgia Ctr Canc Stat,Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Coleman, MP (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Canc Res UK Canc Survival Grp, Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol Unit, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM michel.coleman@lshtm.ac.uk RI Baili, Paolo/J-7422-2016; Santaquilani, Mariano/K-4433-2016; Gatta, Gemma/B-8627-2017; Sant, Milena/D-2362-2017; OI Rachet, Bernard/0000-0001-5837-7773; Baili, Paolo/0000-0003-0335-2418; Santaquilani, Mariano/0000-0002-9123-654X; Gatta, Gemma/0000-0003-4160-6458; Sant, Milena/0000-0002-4148-8597; Coleman, Michel/0000-0001-8940-3807; Micheli, Andrea/0000-0002-4558-4754 FU Cancer Research UK; Department of Health NR 130 TC 514 Z9 542 U1 8 U2 70 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1470-2045 J9 LANCET ONCOL JI Lancet Oncol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 9 IS 8 BP 730 EP 756 DI 10.1016/S470-2045(08)70179-7 PG 27 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 334VG UT WOS:000258248800011 PM 18639491 ER PT J AU Bai, Y Kosoy, MY Ray, C Brinkerhoff, RJ Collinge, SK AF Bai, Ying Kosoy, M. Y. Ray, C. Brinkerhoff, R. J. Collinge, S. K. TI Temporal and spatial patterns of Bartonella infection in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; SOUTHERN CHINA; SP NOV.; RODENTS; PREVALENCE; DYNAMICS; DIVERSITY; STRAINS; COMPLEX; PLAGUE AB We describe the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of Bartonella in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) based on a longitudinal study conducted in 20 black-tailed prairie dog (BTPD) colonies in Boulder County, CO from 2003 to 2005. Bartonella infection was widely distributed in all colonies with an overall prevalence of 23.1%, but varied by colony from 4.8% to 42.5% and by year from 9.1 to 39.0%, with a marked increase in Bartonella activity in 2005. Levels of bacteremia varied from 40 to 12,000 colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter of BTPD blood, but were highly skewed with a median of 240 CFU. Bartonella infection rates were unimodal with respect to BTPD body mass, first increasing among growing juveniles, then declining among adults. Infection rates exhibited a sigmoidal response to body mass, such that 700g may prove to be a useful threshold value to evaluate the likelihood of Bartonella infection in BTPDs. Bartonella prevalence increased throughout the testing season for each year, as newly emerged juveniles developed bacteremia. Data from recaptured animals suggest that Bartonella infections did not persist in individual BTPDs, which may explain the relatively low prevalence of Bartonella in BTPDs compared to other rodent species. No association was found between Bartonella prevalence and host population density. Prevalence did not differ between males and females. The spatio-temporal pattern of Bartonella infection among colonies suggests epizootic spread from northern to central and southern portions of the study area. The potential significance of the BTPD-associated Bartonella for public health needs to be further investigated. C1 [Bai, Ying; Kosoy, M. Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Bai, Ying; Ray, C.; Brinkerhoff, R. J.; Collinge, S. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Collinge, S. K.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bai, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM bby5@cdc.gov RI Brinkerhoff, Jory/I-9364-2012; OI RAY, CHRIS/0000-0002-7963-9637 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s00248-007-9355-6 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 320JB UT WOS:000257228400017 PM 18176820 ER PT J AU Glaser, CA Gilliam, S Honarmand, S Tureen, JH Lowenstein, DH Anderson, LJ Bollen, AW Solbrig, MV AF Glaser, Carol A. Gilliam, Sabrina Honarmand, Somayeh Tureen, Jay H. Lowenstein, Daniel H. Anderson, Larry J. Bollen, Andrew W. Solbrig, Marylou V. TI Refractory status epilepticus in suspect encephalitis SO NEUROCRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE encephalitis; status epilepticus; refractory seizures; anesthetic coma; pentobarbital; phenobarbital; malignant status epilepticus; California Encephalitis Project ID MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE ENCEPHALITIS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; EXTREME SPINDLES; ETIOLOGIES; SEIZURES; CHILDREN AB Background The California Encephalitis Project (CEP) is a program designed to determine causes of encephalitis. We sought to determine whether there are any distinguishing characteristics of patients with encephalitis who develop refractory status epilepticus from those who do not. Methods Data from all patients in the CEP were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Diagnostic testing was performed for a panel of infectious agents and medical information collected using a standardized form. Encephalitis patients were subdivided into three categories: (i) patients with status epilepticus unresponsive to standard antiepileptic therapy who required general anesthetic coma for management (Group I), (ii) patients with seizures or status epilepticus responsive to standard antiepileptic therapy (Group II), and (iii) patients without seizures (Group III). Supplementary information was requested on Group I patients. Results Of 1,151 patients; 43 (4%) were classified as Group I, 459 (40%) as Group II, and 649 (56%) as Group III. Compared to Groups II and III, Group I patients were younger (median age = 10.0 years), more likely to have fever (93%), prodromal respiratory (57%) or gastrointestinal illness (64%), and less likely to have CSF pleocytosis (47%) or abnormal neuroimaging (16%). A causative infectious agent was verified in three of the Group I patients; and a putative agent in nine others. Supplementary information on Group I revealed that 28% died within 2 years and 56% were neurologically impaired or undergoing rehabilitation. Conclusions Encephalitis and refractory status epilepticus occur most commonly in the pediatric age group, an infectious etiology is usually not established, and outcomes are generally poor. C1 [Glaser, Carol A.; Gilliam, Sabrina; Honarmand, Somayeh] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral Rickettsial Dis Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Tureen, Jay H.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Lowenstein, Daniel H.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Anderson, Larry J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bollen, Andrew W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Solbrig, Marylou V.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Neurol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Glaser, CA (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral Rickettsial Dis Branch, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM carol.glaser@cdph.ca.gov; somayeh.honarmand@cdph.ca.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [U54RR023566]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS056975, NS042307, NS053998] NR 19 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1541-6933 J9 NEUROCRIT CARE JI Neurocrit. Care PD AUG PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s12028-007-9042-y PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 340PM UT WOS:000258657500011 PM 18097641 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Lee, CD Ainsworth, BE Macera, CA AF Kruger, Judy Lee, Chong-Do Ainsworth, Barbara E. Macera, Caroline A. TI Body size satisfaction and physical activity levels among men and women SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID IMAGE; BEHAVIORS; EXERCISE; ADULTS AB Body size satisfaction may be an important factor associated with physical activity. We analyzed data from the 2002 National Physical Activity and Weight Loss Survey (NPAWLS), a population-based cross-sectional telephone survey of US adults. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association of body size satisfaction on being regularly active. Participants were aged >= 18 years with complete data on weight, race/ethnicity, physical activity level, and body size satisfaction (n = 10,021). More than half of men (55.8%) and women (53.3%) who reported being very satisfied with the body size were regularly active. After adjustment for covariates, participants who reported being somewhat or not satisfied with their body size had a 13 and 44% lower odds of being regularly active, respectively, compared with those very satisfied with their body size. When stratified by race/ethnicity, this association remained in whites (P for trend < 0.001), but became weaker and nonsignificant in blacks, Hispanics, or other racial/ethnic groups. Irrespective of actual weight, those who were satisfied with their body size were more likely to engage in regular physical activity than those less satisfied. Further research is needed to explore predictors of physical activity to reduce health disparities. C1 [Kruger, Judy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lee, Chong-Do; Ainsworth, Barbara E.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Exercise & Wellness, Mesa, AZ USA. [Macera, Caroline A.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ezk0@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU 409664] NR 17 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD AUG PY 2008 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1976 EP 1979 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.311 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 335OM UT WOS:000258299900041 PM 18551115 ER PT J AU Frank, E Coughlin, SS Elon, L AF Frank, Erica Coughlin, Steven S. Elon, Lisa TI Sex-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of US medical students SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; PREVENTION; GYNECOLOGISTS AB OBJECTIVE: To understand the personal and clinical safe-sex-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices of U.S. medical students. METHODS: Sixteen medical schools were selected to survey the class of 2003 based on their characteristics similar to the national average. Students were surveyed at freshman orientation, at entrance to wards, and during their senior year. The primary personal outcome was the response to the question, "Are you currently trying to practice safe sex when sexually involved? (no, not applicable/no, not trying/yes, low priority/yes, high priority)." The primary professional outcomes were answers to: 1) "How relevant do you think talking to patients about safe sex will be in your intended practice? (not at all/some-what/highly)," and 2) "With a typical general medicine patient, how often do you actually talk about safe sex? (never-rarely/sometimes/usually-always)." RESULTS: A total of 2,316 students provided data, and the response rate was 80%. Personally practicing safe-sex habits was a high priority for 75% of the sexually active, single medical students, especially for women, African Americans, and those earlier in their medical education. Among seniors, 41% reported extensive training in discussing safe sex with patients, and 57% were highly confident about conducting such discussions. Overall, 55% of students believed it would be highly relevant to counsel patients about.safe sex (59% of freshmen, 62% of those at entry to wards, and 41% of seniors); 73% answered all four true/false questions on human papillomavirus correctly. CONCLUSION: About half of U.S. medical students believed that counseling their patients about safe sex will not be highly relevant to their practice. These findings should be considered by those trying to interest a new generation of physicians in helping patients have safe-sex practices. C1 [Frank, Erica] Univ British Columbia, Dept Hlth Care & Epidemiol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Frank, E (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Hlth Care & Epidemiol, 5804 Fairview Ave, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM erica.frank@ubc.ca FU American Cancer Society [RSG-01-073-01-PBP] FX Supported by the American Cancer Society Grant #RSG-01-073-01-PBP. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181809645 PN 1 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 334QU UT WOS:000258237100017 PM 18669728 ER PT J AU Newacheck, PW Kim, SE Blumberg, SJ Rising, JP AF Newacheck, Paul W. Kim, Sue E. Blumberg, Stephen J. Rising, Joshua P. TI Who is at risk for special health care needs: Findings from the National Survey of Children's Health SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children with special health care needs; risk factors; outcomes; epidemiology; National Survey of Children's Health ID ATTENTION; ASTHMA; FAMILY; TWINS; INSURANCE; LANGUAGE; DISORDER; ECZEMA; POLICY; EASE AB OBJECTIVE. A conceptual model of risk factors for special health care needs in childhood was presented previously. This article uses that conceptual model to identify candidate variables for an exploratory empirical examination of the effects of factors that may increase or decrease the risk of developing a special health care need. METHODS. The National Survey of Children's Health was used for our analysis (N = 102 353). We used multilevel and multivariate analysis methods. We examined risk factors for special health care needs generally and for specific physical, developmental, behavioral, and emotional conditions cooccurring with special health care needs. Risk factors were grouped into 6 major domains, namely, predisposing characteristics, genetic endowment, physical environment, social environment, health-influencing behavior, and health care system characteristics. We examined pre-school-aged and school-aged children separately. RESULTS. Significant associations were found in 5 of 6 domains studied (no variables in the health care systems characteristics were significant). Individual variables found to decrease or to increase significantly the odds of experiencing special health care needs were expressed at the child level (eg, age and gender), family level (eg, family structure and family conflict), and neighborhood level (eg, perception of supportiveness of the neighborhood). CONCLUSIONS. This analysis is the first to consider empirically a range of risk factors for special health care needs, using a population health model. Although provisional, the results of our analysis can help us to begin thinking about which characteristics of the child, family, and community are worthy of further exploration. Some of the variables we found to be significantly associated with special health care needs, such as age and ethnicity, are immutable. However, we found a number of significant correlates (ie, possible risk factors) that may be amenable to public health interventions, including breastfeeding practices, exposure to secondhand smoke, family closeness, and neighborhood cohesion. C1 [Newacheck, Paul W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Newacheck, Paul W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Kim, Sue E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Blumberg, Stephen J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Rising, Joshua P.] Yale Univ, Robert Wood Johnson Clin Scholars Program, New Haven, CT USA. RP Newacheck, PW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, 3333 Calif St,Suite 265, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM paul.newacheck@ucsf.edu FU PHS HHS [1R40MC03619] NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2008 VL 122 IS 2 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1406 PG 13 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 333HB UT WOS:000258142500017 PM 18676553 ER PT J AU Belongia, E Kieke, B Donahue, J Coleman, L Meece, J Lindstrom, S Shay, D AF Belongia, Edward Kieke, Burney Donahue, James Coleman, Laura Meece, Jennifer Lindstrom, Stephen Shay, David TI Interim estimation of influenza vaccine effectiveness during the 2007-08 season SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Belongia, Edward; Kieke, Burney; Donahue, James; Coleman, Laura; Meece, Jennifer] Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Lindstrom, Stephen; Shay, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 MA 444 BP S195 EP S195 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 337FE UT WOS:000258420100444 ER PT J AU Broussard, CS Friedman, JM Rasmussen, SA Reefhuis, J Jann, MW Honein, MA AF Broussard, C. S. Friedman, J. M. Rasmussen, S. A. Reefhuis, J. Jann, M. W. Honein, M. A. CA NBDPS TI Therapeutic opioid analgesic use before and during pregnancy, national birth defects prevention study (NBDPS), 1997-2003 SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Broussard, C. S.; Friedman, J. M.; Rasmussen, S. A.; Reefhuis, J.; Jann, M. W.; Honein, M. A.; NBDPS] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 MA 366 BP S161 EP S161 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 337FE UT WOS:000258420100366 ER PT J AU Broussard, CS Reefhuis, J Friedman, JM Rasmussen, S Jann, M Honein, M AF Broussard, C. S. Reefhuis, J. Friedman, J. M. Rasmussen, S. Jann, M. Honein, M. CA NBDPS TI Opioid analgesic treatment during pregnancy and adverse fetal outcomes SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Broussard, C. S.; Reefhuis, J.; Friedman, J. M.; Rasmussen, S.; Jann, M.; Honein, M.; NBDPS] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 MA 355 BP S156 EP S156 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 337FE UT WOS:000258420100355 ER PT J AU Coleman, L Kieke, B Irving, S Shay, D Vandermause, M Lindstrom, S Belongia, E AF Coleman, Laura Kieke, Bumey Irving, Stephanie Shay, David Vandermause, Mary Lindstrom, Stephen Belongia, Edward TI Comparison of influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates using clinician-ordered antigen tests versus active recruitment with PCR/culture SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Coleman, Laura; Kieke, Bumey; Irving, Stephanie; Vandermause, Mary; Belongia, Edward] Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Shay, David; Lindstrom, Stephen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 MA 448 BP S197 EP S197 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 337FE UT WOS:000258420100448 ER PT J AU Hua, W Izurieta, HS Slade, B Belay, E Haber, P Tiernan, R Woo, EJ Iskander, J Braun, MM Ball, R AF Hua, Wei Izurieta, Hector S. Slade, Barbara Belay, Ermias Haber, Penina Tiernan, Rosemary Woo, Emil Jane Iskander, John Braun, M. Miles Ball, Robert TI Kawasaki disease after vaccination: Reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) 1990-2007 SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hua, Wei; Izurieta, Hector S.; Tiernan, Rosemary; Woo, Emil Jane; Braun, M. Miles; Ball, Robert] US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Slade, Barbara; Belay, Ermias; Haber, Penina; Iskander, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 MA 254 BP S112 EP S112 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 337FE UT WOS:000258420100255 ER PT J AU Huang, WT Chang, S Miller, ER Woo, EJ Hoffmaster, AR Gee, JE Clark, T Iskander, J Ball, R Broder, K AF Huang, W. T. Chang, S. Miller, E. R. Woo, E. J. Hoffmaster, A. R. Gee, J. E. Clark, T. Iskander, J. Ball, R. Broder, K. TI Safety assessment after recall of haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine - United States, 2007-2008 SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Huang, W. T.; Miller, E. R.; Hoffmaster, A. R.; Gee, J. E.; Clark, T.; Iskander, J.; Broder, K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chang, S.; Woo, E. J.; Ball, R.] US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RI Huang, Wan-Ting/E-3497-2010 OI Huang, Wan-Ting/0000-0002-4344-9567 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 MA 264 BP S116 EP S116 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 337FE UT WOS:000258420100265 ER PT J AU Izurieta, HS Tobler, SK Garman, PM Hua, W Haber, P Iskander, J Braun, MM Ball, R AF Izurieta, Hector S. Tobler, Steven K. Garman, Patrick M. Hua, Wei Haber, Penina Iskander, John Braun, M. Miles Ball, Robert TI Anaphylaxis after measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine during 2006-7 in the US SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Izurieta, Hector S.; Hua, Wei; Braun, M. Miles; Ball, Robert] US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Tobler, Steven K.] US Army Med Surveillance Activ, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Garman, Patrick M.] US Mil Vaccinat Agcy, Falls Church, VA USA. [Haber, Penina; Iskander, John] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 MA 258 BP S113 EP S114 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 337FE UT WOS:000258420100259 ER PT J AU M'ikanatha, NM Sandt, CH Localio, R Tewari, D Russo, A Altekruse, SF Tait, J Hydock, M Reynolds, S Chiller, TM Rankin, S Lautenbach, E McDermott, P AF M'ikanatha, Nkuchia M. Sandt, Carol H. Localio, Russell Tewari, Deepanker Russo, Anthony Altekruse, Sean F. Tait, James Hydock, Michael Reynolds, Stanley Chiller, Tom M. Rankin, Shelley Lautenbach, Ebbing McDermott, Patrick CA PA Antimicrobial Resistance TI Prevalence of drug-resistant Salmonella from retail chicken and comparison with human clinical isolates SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [M'ikanatha, Nkuchia M.] Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. [M'ikanatha, Nkuchia M.; Localio, Russell; Rankin, Shelley; Lautenbach, Ebbing] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Tewari, Deepanker; Hydock, Michael] Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA USA. [Altekruse, Sean F.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Chiller, Tom M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [McDermott, Patrick] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 MA 512 BP S224 EP S225 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 337FE UT WOS:000258420100512 ER PT J AU Qiang, YD Krishnan, C Kerr, DA Setse, RW Quigg, ME Halsey, NA AF Qiang, Yandong Krishnan, Chitra Kerr, Douglas A. Setse, Rosanna W. Quigg, Megan E. Halsey, Neal A. CA CISA Network TI Idiopathic acute transverse myelitis: Comparison of patients with vs. without receipt of a vaccine within 30 days prior to onset SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Qiang, Yandong; Setse, Rosanna W.; Halsey, Neal A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Krishnan, Chitra; Kerr, Douglas A.; Quigg, Megan E.; Halsey, Neal A.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Qiang, Yandong; Setse, Rosanna W.; Halsey, Neal A.; CISA Network] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 MA 445 BP S195 EP S196 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 337FE UT WOS:000258420100445 ER PT J AU Romitti, PA Sun, L Herring, AM Druschel, CM Mitchell, AA Werler, MM Louik, C Olney, RS AF Romitti, P. A. Sun, L. Herring, A. M. Druschel, C. M. Mitchell, A. A. Werler, M. M. Louik, C. Olney, R. S. TI Maternal periconceptional use of dextromethorphan and selected birth defects SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Romitti, P. A.; Sun, L.; Herring, A. M.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Druschel, C. M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Mitchell, A. A.; Werler, M. M.; Louik, C.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Olney, R. S.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 MA 517 BP S227 EP S227 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 337FE UT WOS:000258420100517 ER PT J AU Sutherland, A Izurieta, HS Ball, R Vellozzi, C Leidel, L Huang, WT Woo, J Hua, W Iskander, J Miller, N Pratt, D Braun, MM AF Sutherland, Andrea Izurieta, Hector S. Ball, Robert Vellozzi, Claudia Leidel, Laura Huang, Wan-Tin Woo, Jane Hua, Wei Iskander, John Miller, Nancy Pratt, Douglas Braun, M. Miles TI Syncope, convulsive syncope and traumatic injury after human papillomavirus and other adolescent immunizations SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sutherland, Andrea; Izurieta, Hector S.; Ball, Robert; Woo, Jane; Hua, Wei; Miller, Nancy; Pratt, Douglas; Braun, M. Miles] US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Vellozzi, Claudia; Leidel, Laura; Huang, Wan-Tin; Iskander, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Huang, Wan-Ting/E-3497-2010 OI Huang, Wan-Ting/0000-0002-4344-9567 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 MA 392 BP S172 EP S172 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 337FE UT WOS:000258420100392 ER PT J AU Burman, WJ Cotton, MF Gibb, DM Walker, AS Vernon, AA Donald, PR AF Burman, William J. Cotton, Mark F. Gibb, Diana M. Walker, A. Sarah Vernon, Andrew A. Donald, Peter R. TI Ensuring the involvement of children in the evaluation of new tuberculosis treatment regimens SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; INTRATHORACIC TUBERCULOSIS; ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; MORTALITY; HIV; DIAGNOSIS C1 [Burman, William J.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Cotton, Mark F.; Donald, Peter R.] Univ Stellenbosch, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa. [Gibb, Diana M.; Walker, A. Sarah] MRC, Clin Trials Unit, London, England. [Vernon, Andrew A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burman, WJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM bburman@dhha.org FU Medical Research Council [MC_U122886353] NR 41 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 5 IS 8 BP 1168 EP 1172 AR e176 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050176 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 341TY UT WOS:000258739200002 PM 18715115 ER PT J AU Perrone, LA Plowden, JK Garcia-Sastre, A Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Perrone, Lucy A. Plowden, Julie K. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI H5N1 and 1918 pandemic influenza virus infection results in early and excessive infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the lungs of mice SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; A H5N1; AVIAN INFLUENZA; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; HUMAN-DISEASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DENDRITIC CELLS; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOLOGY AB Fatal human respiratory disease associated with the 1918 pandemic influenza virus and potentially pandemic H5N1 viruses is characterized by severe lung pathology, including pulmonary edema and extensive inflammatory infiltrate. Here, we quantified the cellular immune response to infection in the mouse lung by flow cytometry and demonstrate that mice infected with highly pathogenic (HP) H1N1 and H5N1 influenza viruses exhibit significantly high numbers of macrophages and neutrophils in the lungs compared to mice infected with low pathogenic (LP) viruses. Mice infected with the 1918 pandemic virus and a recent H5N1 human isolate show considerable similarities in overall lung cellularity, lung immune cell sub-population composition and cellular immune temporal dynamics. Interestingly, while these similarities were observed, the HP H5N1 virus consistently elicited significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in whole lungs and primary human macrophages, revealing a potentially critical difference in the pathogenesis of H5N1 infections. These results together show that infection with HP influenza viruses such as H5N1 and the 1918 pandemic virus leads to a rapid cell recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils into the lungs, suggesting that these cells play a role in acute lung inflammation associated with HP influenza virus infection. In addition, primary macrophages and dendritic cells were also susceptible to 1918 and H5N1 influenza virus infection in vitro and in infected mouse lung tissue. C1 [Perrone, Lucy A.; Plowden, Julie K.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Collaborating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch,Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY USA. RP Perrone, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Collaborating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch,Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID [P01AI58113]; NIAID-funded Center for Investigating Viral Immunity and Antagonism [U19AI62623]; American Society for Microbiology; Coordinating Centers for Infectious Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was partially supported by NIAID grant P01AI58113 and by CIVIA, an NIAID-funded Center for Investigating Viral Immunity and Antagonism, U19AI62623, to AG-S. LAP and JKP were supported by post-doctoral fellowships sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology and the Coordinating Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 48 TC 302 Z9 304 U1 4 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 4 IS 8 AR e1000115 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000115 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 356MU UT WOS:000259783100003 PM 18670648 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, EA Brown, DS Brown, DR Buchner, DM AF Finkelstein, Eric A. Brown, Derek S. Brown, David R. Buchner, David M. TI A randomized study of financial incentives to increase physical activity among sedentary older adults SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE physical; activity; walking; incentives; economics ID OF-SPORTS-MEDICINE; MONETARY CONTRACTS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; WEIGHT-REDUCTION; RECOMMENDATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WALKING; DISEASE; TRIALS AB Objective. Less than half of all U.S. adults meet public health recommendations for physical activity, and even fewer older adults (aged 50 years and over) are sufficiently active. Because inactivity increases the risk of costly medical complications, successful efforts to increase physical activity among older adults may potentially be cost-effective. We sought to test if financial incentives for walking could increase physical activity among sedentary older adults. Methods. We conducted a 4-week randomized controlled study using pedometers. A total of 51 adults age 50+ from the Raleigh-Durham area of North Carolina participated in the study in April-May 2007. Individuals were randomized into one of two arms. The control group received a fixed payment of $75; the intervention group received a fixed payment of $50 plus up to $25 more per week depending on the number of weekly aerobic minutes, defined as 10+ minutes of continuous walking or jogging. Results. The control group logged 2.3 h per week, on average. The intervention group logged 4.1 h per week and received an additional weekly payment of $17.50, on average. Conclusion. Modest financial incentives tied to aerobic minutes are an effective, and potentially cost-effective, approach for increasing physical activity among sedentary older adults. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Finkelstein, Eric A.; Brown, Derek S.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Brown, David R.; Buchner, David M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Finkelstein, EA (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM finkelse@rti.org RI Brown, Derek/J-3035-2013 OI Brown, Derek/0000-0001-9908-9882 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [200-2002-00776 TO 10] FX Drs. Eric Finkelstein and Derek Brown received funding and support for this study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) under contract # 200-2002-00776 TO 10. Drs. David Brown and David Buchner are CDC employees and conducted this study under their normal duties. All authors had sole responsibility for the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, writing of the manuscript, and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The views expressed in the article are those of the authors only and do not necessarily represent those of CDC or RTI. Data collection was approved by the RTI and CDC institutional review boards (IRB) under RTI IRB # 11588 and CDC IRB #5004, and by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under OMB #0920-0720. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. NR 24 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.05.002 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 339EG UT WOS:000258560300007 PM 18571226 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, J Milla, G Flores, A Yon, M Pfeiffer, C Umana, E Skerrette, N Barahona, F AF Rosenthal, J. Milla, G. Flores, A. Yon, M. Pfeiffer, C. Umana, E. Skerrette, N. Barahona, F. CA Cooperative Folic Acid Res Grp TI Effect of different dosage and administration schedules of folic acid on blood folate levels in a population of Honduran women of reproductive age SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE randomized clinical trial; folic acid supplementation; childbearing-age women; Honduras ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; WEEKLY IRON; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION; CHILDBEARING AGE; INFANT-MORTALITY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SERUM FOLATE; SUPPLEMENTATION; ANEMIA AB Background: Observational studies and clinical trials have shown conclusive evidence that periconceptional folic acid supplementation prevents up to 70% of neural tube defects (NTD). The Honduran government wanted to implement a Supplementation programme of folic acid but needed to assess the relative effects of two dosages of folic acid. Objective: To determine the effect of two dosages of folic acid on blood folate levels in Honduran female factory workers aged 18 to 49 years. Design: This was a randomized, double-blind control supplementation trial conducted in Choloma, Honduras. A total of 140 eligible women were randomly assigned to two dosage groups and followed Lip for 12 weeks. One group received a daily dosage of 1 mg folic acid and the other a once weekly dosage of 5 mg. Serum folate and red blood cell folate levels were determined by radioassay at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Results: Serum folate levels increased from 6.3 (SE 0.2) to 14.9 (SE 0.6) ng/ml (P < 0.0001) in women assigned to the 1 mg/d group and from 6.9 (SE 0.3) to 10.1 (SE 0.4) ng/ml (P < 0.0001) in those assigned to the 5 mg/week group. Red blood cell folate concentrations also increased significantly in both groups, albeit more slowly. Educational level, age and BMI were not associated with the changes in serum and red blood cell folate levels during the supplementation period. However. a differential effect on serum folate levels by dosage group and time, vas observed. Conclusions: Although both folate supplementation regimens increased serum and red blood cell folate levels significantly among the women studied, blood folate levels that are considered to be protective of NTD were reached faster with the daily dosage of 1 mg folic acid. C1 [Rosenthal, J.; Flores, A.; Pfeiffer, C.; Skerrette, N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Milla, G.; Yon, M.; Umana, E.] Healthy Children Fdn, Newton, MA USA. [Milla, G.; Yon, M.; Umana, E.] Healthy Children Fdn, San Pedro Sula, Honduras. [Barahona, F.] Secretaria Salud, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. RP Rosenthal, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jyr4@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 11 IS 8 BP 822 EP 830 DI 10.1017/S1368980008002255 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 330OE UT WOS:000257951900009 PM 18426639 ER PT J AU Smith-Olinde, L Grosse, SD Olinde, F Martin, PF Tilford, JM AF Smith-Olinde, Laura Grosse, Scott D. Olinde, Frank Martin, Patti F. Tilford, John M. TI Health state preference scores for children with permanent childhood hearing loss: a comparative analysis of the QWB and HUI3 SO QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE preference score; permanent childhood hearing loss; cochlear implants; discriminate validity ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; MULTICHANNEL COCHLEAR IMPLANT; COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; IMPAIRED CHILDREN; UNITED-KINGDOM; ADULTS; SF-6D; VOCALIZATIONS; INTERVENTION AB Purpose The aim of this study was to compare two preference-weighted, caregiver-reported measures of health-related quality of life for children with permanent childhood hearing loss to determine whether cost-effectiveness analysis applied to deaf and hard of hearing populations will provide similar answers based on the choice of instrument. Methods Caregivers of 103 children in Arkansas, USA, with documented hearing loss completed the Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB) and the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) to describe the health status of their children. Audiology and other clinical measures were abstracted from medical records. Mean scores were compared overall and by degree of hearing loss. Linear regression was used to correlate preference scores with a four-frequency pure-tone average, cochlear implant status, and other factors. Results Mean preference scores for the QWB and HUI3 were similar (0.601 and 0.619, respectively) although the HUI3 demonstrated a wider range of values (-0.132 to 1.000) compared to the QWB (0.345-0.854) and was more sensitive to mild hearing loss. Both measures correlated with the pure-tone average, were negatively associated with comorbid conditions and positively associated with cochlear implant status. In the best fitting regression models, similar estimates for cochlear implant status and comorbid conditions were obtained from the two measures. Conclusions Despite considerable differences in the HUI3 and the QWB scale, we found agreement between the two instruments at the mean, but clinically important differences across a number of measures. The two instruments are likely to yield different estimates of cost-effectiveness ratios, especially for interventions involving mild to moderate hearing loss. C1 [Smith-Olinde, Laura] Univ Arkansas, Coll Profess Studies, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Smith-Olinde, Laura] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Hlth Related Profess, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Grosse, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Olinde, Frank] Audiol Speech Pathol Serv 126 NLR, N Little Rock, AR 72214 USA. [Martin, Patti F.] Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Audiol & Speech Pathol Clin, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Tilford, John M.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Med, Ctr Appl Res & Evaluat, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Smith-Olinde, L (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Coll Profess Studies, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, UP 600,2801 S Univ, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM lso@uams.edu OI Smith-Olinde, Laura/0000-0002-9662-1092 FU PHS HHS [MM-0636-04] NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-9343 J9 QUAL LIFE RES JI Qual. Life Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 943 EP 953 DI 10.1007/s11136-008-9358-x PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 332CK UT WOS:000258059200012 PM 18484191 ER PT J AU Hettick, JM Green, BJ Buskirk, AD Kashon, ML Slaven, JE Janotka, E Blachere, FM Schmechel, D Beezhold, DH AF Hettick, Justin M. Green, Brett J. Buskirk, Amanda D. Kashon, Michael L. Slaven, James E. Janotka, Erika Blachere, Francoise M. Schmechel, Detlef Beezhold, Donald H. TI Discrimination of Penicillium isolates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry fingerprinting SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MALDI-TOF-MS; TERVERTICILLATE PENICILLIA; INTACT MYCOBACTERIA; WHOLE CELLS; SEQUENCES; ASPERGILLUS; BACTERIA; SPORES; CHEMOSYSTEMATICS; IDENTIFICATION AB Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to generate highly reproducible mass spectral 'fingerprints' for twelve Penicillium species. Prior to MALDI-TOF MS analysis, eight replicate cultures of each Penicillium species were subjected to three one-minute bead-beating cycles in an acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid solvent. The mass spectra contained abundant peaks in the range of m/z 5000-20 000, and allowed unambiguous discrimination between species. In addition, a biomarker common to all Penicillium mass spectra was observed at m/z 13 900. Discriminant analysis using the MALDI-TOF MS data yielded classification error rates of 0% (i.e. 100% correct identification), indicating that MALDI-TOF MS data may be a useful diagnostic tool for the objective identification of Penicillium species of environmental and clinical importance. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hettick, Justin M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, HELD, ACIB, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hettick, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, HELD, ACIB, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS L-2040, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jhettick@cdc.gov RI Hettick, Justin/E-9955-2010 FU Inter-Agency Agreement NIEHS [Y1-ES0001-06] FX This work was supported in part by the Inter-Agency Agreement NIEHS Y1-ES0001-06. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 36 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 16 BP 2555 EP 2560 DI 10.1002/rcm.3649 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 340DX UT WOS:000258627400020 PM 18646251 ER PT J AU Tebbens, RJD Pallansch, MA Kew, OM Sutter, RW Aylward, RB Watkins, M Gary, H Alexander, J Jafari, H Cochi, SL Thompson, KM AF Tebbens, Radboud J. Duintjer Pallansch, Mark A. Kew, Olen M. Sutter, Roland W. Aylward, R. Bruce Watkins, Margaret Gary, Howard Alexander, James Jafari, Hamid Cochi, Stephen L. Thompson, Kimberly M. TI Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of a decision analytic model for posteradication polio risk management SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; polio eradication; risk management; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty analysis ID LABORATORY NETWORK; SURVEILLANCE; ERADICATION; FUTURE; POLIOMYELITIS; IMMUNIZATION; OUTBREAKS; POLICIES; VACCINE; COSTS AB Decision analytic modeling of polio risk management policies after eradication may help inform decisionmakers about the quantitative tradeoffs implied by various options. Given the significant dynamic complexity and uncertainty involving posteradication decisions, this article aims to clarify the structure of a decision analytic model developed to help characterize the risks, costs, and benefits of various options for polio risk management after eradication of wild polioviruses and analyze the implications of different sources of uncertainty. We provide an influence diagram of the model with a description of each component, explore the impact of different assumptions about model inputs, and present probability distributions of model outputs. The results show that choices made about surveillance, response, and containment for different income groups and immunization policies play a major role in the expected final costs and polio cases. While the overall policy implications of the model remain robust to the variations of assumptions and input uncertainty we considered, the analyses suggest the need for policymakers to carefully consider tradeoffs and for further studies to address the most important knowledge gaps. C1 [Tebbens, Radboud J. Duintjer; Thompson, Kimberly M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kids Risk Project, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Pallansch, Mark A.; Kew, Olen M.; Alexander, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sutter, Roland W.; Aylward, R. Bruce] WHO, Polio Eradicat Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Watkins, Margaret; Gary, Howard; Cochi, Stephen L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jafari, Hamid] WHO, Natl Polio Surveillance Project, New Delhi, India. RP Thompson, KM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kids Risk Project, 677 Huntington Ave,3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kimt@hsph.harvard.edu NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 855 EP 876 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01078.x PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 332JB UT WOS:000258078200006 ER PT J AU Hahn, SE Murphy, LR AF Hahn, Susan E. Murphy, Lawrence R. TI A short scale for measuring safety climate SO SAFETY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE safety climate; measurement; employee attitudes ID UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS; OCCUPATIONAL-SAFETY; OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENTS; WORK-ENVIRONMENT; PERCEPTIONS; CULTURE; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; INFECTION AB A 6-item measure that assesses global work safety climate was validated using multiple samples each from a hospital and a nuclear energy population. Across all 14 samples the 6-item measure had acceptable internal consistency. The measure was associated with better adherence to safe work practices, reduced exposure to environmental stressors, the presence of more safety policies and procedures, a positive general organizational climate, and decreased accidents. As evidence for discriminant validity, safety climate was unrelated to most demographic measures and had relatively small relationships with sleeping problems and negative mood. Evidence suggests that this measure is a reliable and valid way to assess global safety climate. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hahn, Susan E.] Miami Univ, Dept Psychol, Hamilton, OH 45011 USA. [Murphy, Lawrence R.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Org Sci & Human Factors Branch, Work Organizat & Stress Res Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Hahn, SE (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Psychol, 1601 Univ Blvd, Hamilton, OH 45011 USA. EM hahns@muohio.edu; lrm2@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 10 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-7535 J9 SAFETY SCI JI Saf. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1047 EP 1066 DI 10.1016/j.ssci.2007.06.002 PG 20 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 330VT UT WOS:000257971600003 ER PT J AU Rietmeijer, CA McFarlane, M AF Rietmeijer, Cornelis A. McFarlane, Mary TI STI prevention services online: Moving beyond the proof of concept SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rietmeijer, Cornelis A.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Rietmeijer, Cornelis A.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Rietmeijer, Cornelis A.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [McFarlane, Mary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rietmeijer, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver Publ Hlth Dept, 605 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM krietmei@dhha.org FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 8 BP 770 EP 771 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318180280d PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 331KE UT WOS:000258010300011 PM 18607307 ER PT J AU Weaver, MR Myaya, M Disasi, K Regoeng, M Matumo, HN Madisa, M Puttkammer, N Speilberg, F Kilmarx, PH Marrazzo, JM AF Weaver, M. R. Myaya, M. Disasi, K. Regoeng, M. Matumo, H. N. Madisa, M. Puttkammer, N. Speilberg, F. Kilmarx, P. H. Marrazzo, J. M. TI Routine HIV testing in the context of syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections: outcomes of the first phase of a training programme in Botswana SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID DISEASE CASE-MANAGEMENT; PRIMARY-HEALTH-CARE; QUALITY; SERVICES; NAIROBI; KENYA AB Objective: In 2004, the Ministry of Health adopted revised protocols for the syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections (STI) that included routine HIV testing. A training programme for providers was developed on the revised protocols that featured interactive case studies and training videos. An objective of the first phase of the training programme was to test its effect on four measures of clinical practice: (1) routine HIV testing; (2) performance of physical examination; (3) risk-reduction counselling and (4) patient education. Methods: Clinical practice in a district where providers were trained was compared with a district without training. The measures of clinical practice were reported by 185 patients of providers who had been trained and compared with reports by 124 patients at comparison clinics. Results: Relative to patients at comparison clinics, a higher percentage of patients of trainees reported that the provider: (1) offered an HIV test (87% versus 29%; p < 0.001); (2) conducted a physical examination (98% versus 64%; p < 0.001); ( 3) helped them to make a plan to avoid future STI acquisition (95% versus 76%; p < 0.001) and (4) provided patient- specific information about HIV risk (65% versus 32%; p, 0.001). Among patients offered HIV testing, the percentage who accepted did not differ between groups (38% of 161 patients of trainees versus 50% of 36 comparison patients; p= 0.260). Overall, 33% of patients of trainees and 14% of comparison patients were tested (p < 0.001). Conclusion: A multifaceted training programme was associated with higher rates of HIV testing, physical examination, risk-reduction counselling and better HIV risk education. C1 [Weaver, M. R.; Puttkammer, N.; Marrazzo, J. M.] Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Weaver, M. R.; Myaya, M.; Madisa, M.; Puttkammer, N.] Univ Washington, Int Training & Educ Ctr HIV, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Disasi, K.; Kilmarx, P. H.] BOTUSA US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. [Kilmarx, P. H.] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Regoeng, M.; Matumo, H. N.] Minist Hlth Republ Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. [Speilberg, F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Weaver, MR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, 901 Boren,Suite 1100, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM mweaver@u.washington.edu OI Kilmarx, Peter/0000-0001-6464-3345; Marrazzo, Jeanne/0000-0002-9277-7364 FU PHS HHS [5 U69HA00047-04-00] NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 84 IS 4 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1136/sti.2007.028217 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 329AR UT WOS:000257839800004 PM 18256107 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Chi, KH Alexander, S Ison, CA Ballard, RC AF Chen, C-Y Chi, K. H. Alexander, S. Ison, C. A. Ballard, R. C. TI A real-time quadriplex PCR assay for the diagnosis of rectal lymphogranuloma venereum and non-lymphogranuloma venereum Chlamydia trachomatis infections SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS; CRYPTIC PLASMID; AMPLIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; SEROVARS; ALLELES; ISOLATE; TESTS; LACKS AB Objectives: To develop and evaluate a real-time quadriplex PCR for the diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and non-LGV chlamydial infections using rectal swab specimens. Methods: The design of the real-time quadriplex PCR assay incorporates an LGV-specific, a non-LGV-specific target sequence, a Chlamydia trachomatis plasmid target, and the human RNase P gene as an internal control. The performance of the quadriplex PCR was compared with a previously reported real- time duplex PCR assay on which LGV diagnosis was based on exclusion. Results: Very good agreement (85 of 89 specimens, 95.5%) was found between the two multiplex PCR assays for the detection of C trachomatis DNA (kappa value 0.93, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.99). Both assays identified 34 LGV, 35 non-LGV C trachomatis and 16 negative specimens. Of two specimens that tested positive for non- LGV by the duplex PCR, one was found to be a mixed infection and the other was positive only for plasmid and RNase P targets by the quadriplex PCR. Two additional specimens that had equivocal results for non- LGV by the duplex PCR also tested positive only for plasmid target and human DNA by the quadriplex PCR. In addition, six specimens that tested negative by the duplex PCR assay were found to be invalid when using the quadriplex PCR. Conclusions: A real- time quadriplex PCR assay has been developed that is capable of detecting LGV, non-LGV, or mixed infections simultaneously in rectal specimens. The assay also contains a supplemental amplification target for the confirmation of C trachomatis infection as well as a human DNA control for monitoring sample adequacy and PCR inhibition. C1 [Chen, C-Y] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Alexander, S.; Ison, C. A.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Lab, London, England. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Mail Stop G-39,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyc1@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 84 IS 4 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1136/sti.2007.029058 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 329AR UT WOS:000257839800007 PM 18283094 ER PT J AU Morris, SR Knapp, JS Moore, DF Trees, DL Wang, SA Bolan, G Bauer, HM AF Morris, S. R. Knapp, J. S. Moore, D. F. Trees, D. L. Wang, S. A. Bolan, G. Bauer, H. M. TI Using strain typing to characterise a fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmission network in southern California SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article AB Objective: We investigated the initial outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (QRNG) in southern California with analysis of transmission using strain typing. Methods: Surveillance for QRNG was conducted between 2000 and 2002 in southern California, including epidemiology and strain typing by a combination of antibiogram, auxotype, serovar, Lip type and amino acid alteration patterns in the quinolone- resistance determining region of GyrA and ParC. Combining epidemiological data with strain typing, we describe the emergence of QRNG outbreak strains using risk factor analysis and transmission networks. Results: Two outbreak strains accounted for 82% of isolates. Both strains required proline, were Lip type 17c, had amino acid alterations 91 > Phe in GyrA and 87 > Arg in ParC, but they differed by their serovar, IB- 3C8 versus IB- 2H7, 2G2. Outbreak strains were positively associated with men who have sex with men (MSM), adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 23.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2 to 261) and negatively associated with travel history: AOR 0.05, (95% CI 0.0 to 0.6). Network analysis demonstrated that 17 cases were connected by sexual contacts and/ or public venues including bars, bathhouses/ sex clubs, and internet sites. Conclusions: QRNG may have become established among Californian MSM through an identified transmission network of southern Californian bars, bathhouses and internet sites. C1 [Morris, S. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Antiviral Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Morris, S. R.; Bolan, G.; Bauer, H. M.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Sexually Transmitted Dis Control Branch, Richmond, CA USA. [Knapp, J. S.; Trees, D. L.; Wang, S. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Moore, D. F.] Orange Cty Publ Hlth Lab, Santa Ana, CA USA. RP Morris, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Antiviral Res Ctr, 150 W Washington St, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM shmorris@ucsd.edu NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 84 IS 4 BP 290 EP 291 DI 10.1136/sti.2008.030163 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 329AR UT WOS:000257839800012 PM 18339660 ER PT J AU Neaves, TT Eriator, I Seitz, HH Cosby, AG McMillen, RC AF Neaves, Tonya T. Eriator, Ike Seitz, Holli H. Cosby, Arthur G. McMillen, Robert C. TI The sociocultural dimensions of pain in the mid-south SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 [Neaves, Tonya T.; Cosby, Arthur G.; McMillen, Robert C.] Mississippi State Univ, Social Sci Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Eriator, Ike] Univ Mississippi, Sch Med, Pain Fellowship Program, Jackson, MS USA. [Seitz, Holli H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Coordinat Ctr Hlth, Informat & Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Neaves, TT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Social Sci Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 8 BP 853 EP 853 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 339NV UT WOS:000258585200024 PM 18622346 ER PT J AU Warren, CW Jones, NR Chauvin, J Peruga, A AF Warren, C. W. Jones, N. R. Chauvin, J. Peruga, A. CA GTSS Collaborative Grp TI Tobacco use and cessation counselling: Cross-country. Data from the Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS), 2005-7 SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID PEOPLE STOP SMOKING; MEDICAL-STUDENTS; PHYSICIANS; INTERVENTIONS; BELIEFS; PROFILE AB Background: Brief intervention by a health professional can substantially increase smoking cessation rates among patients. However, few studies have collected information on tobacco use and training to provide cessation counselling among health professional students. Objective: To examine tobacco use prevalence and tobacco cessation training among students pursuing advanced degrees in health professions. Methods: The Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) has been conducted among third-year students attending dental, medical, nursing and pharmacy schools. The GHPSS was conducted in schools during regular lectures and class sessions. GHPSS follows an anonymous, self-administered format for data collection. Results: The GHPSS was completed by at least one of the four target disciplines in 31 countries between 2005 and 2007 for a total of 80 survey sites. In 47 of the 80 sites, over 20% of the students currently smoked cigarettes; and in 29 of 77 sites, over 10% of the students currently used other tobacco products. GHPSS data showed that the majority of health professional students recognised that they are role models in society, believed that they should receive training on counselling patients to quit using tobacco, but in 73 of 80 sites less than 40% of the students reported they received such training. Conclusions: Health professional schools, public health organisations and education officials should discourage tobacco use among health professionals and work together to design and implement programmes that train all health professionals in effective cessation counselling techniques. If the goal of the tobacco control community is to reduce substantially the use of tobacco products, then resources should be invested in improving the quality of education of health professionals with respect to tobacco control. C1 [Warren, C. W.; Jones, N. R.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chauvin, J.] Canadian Publ Hlth Assoc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Peruga, A.] WHO, Tobacco Free Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Warren, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcw1@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 DI 10.1136/tc.2007.023895 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 329QR UT WOS:000257885500013 ER PT J AU Faroon, O Roney, N Taylor, J Ashizawa, A Lumpkin, MH Plewak, DJ AF Faroon, O. Roney, N. Taylor, J. Ashizawa, A. Lumpkin, M. H. Plewak, D. J. TI Acrolein health effects SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE cancer; cardiovascular; developmental; systemic effects; toxicokinetics ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PROTEIN-BOUND ACROLEIN; VEIN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; SENSORY IRRITATION; MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; CIGARETTE-SMOKE AB Acrolein is a chemical used as an intermediate reactive aldehyde in chemical industry. It is used for synthesis of many organic substances, methionine production, and methyl chloride refrigerant. The general population is exposed to acrolein via smoking, second-hand smoke, exposure to wood and plastic smoke. Firefighters and population living or working in areas with heavy automotive traffic may expose to higher level of acrolein via inhalation of smoke or automotive exhaust. Degradation of acrolein in all environmental media occurs rapidly, therefore, environmental accumulation is not expected. Acrolein degrade in 6 days when applied to surface water, and it has not been found as a contaminant in municipal drinking water. Acrolein vapor may cause eye, nasal and respiratory tract irritations in low level exposure. A decrease in breathing rate was reported by volunteers acutely exposed to 0.3 ppm of acrolein. At similar level, mild nasal epithelial dysplasia, necrosis, and focal basal cell metaplasia have been observed in rats. The acrolein effects on gastrointestinal mucosa in the animals include epithelial hyperplasia, ulceration, and hemorrhage. The severity of the effects is dose dependent. Acrolein induces the respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal irritations by inducing the release of peptides in nerve terminals innervating these systems. Levels of acrolein between 22 and 249 ppm for 10 mill induced a dose-related decrease in substance P (a short-chain polypeptide that functions as a neurotransmitter or neuro-modulator). Toxicology, and Industrial Health 2008; 24: 447-490. C1 [Faroon, O.; Roney, N.; Taylor, J.; Ashizawa, A.] CDC, ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lumpkin, M. H.; Plewak, D. J.] Syracuse Res Corp, N Syracuse, NY USA. RP Faroon, O (reprint author), CDC, ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM oxs0@CDC.GOV NR 188 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD AUG PY 2008 VL 24 IS 7 BP 447 EP 490 DI 10.1177/0748233708094188 PG 44 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 392HA UT WOS:000262292600001 PM 19028774 ER PT J AU Espeland, MA Regensteiner, JG Jaramillo, SA Gregg, E Knowler, WC Wagenknecht, LE Bahnson, J Haffner, S Hill, J Hiatt, WR AF Espeland, Mark A. Regensteiner, Judith G. Jaramillo, Sarah A. Gregg, Edward Knowler, William C. Wagenknecht, Lynne E. Bahnson, Judy Haffner, Steven Hill, James Hiatt, William R. CA Look AHEAD Study Grp TI Measurement characteristics of the ankle-brachial index: results from the Action for Health in Diabetes study SO VASCULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diagnostic error; peripheral arterial disease; sensitivity and specificity ID PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS AB Many protocols have been used in clinical and research settings for collecting systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements to calculate the ankle-brachial index (ABI); however, it is not known how useful it is to replicate measurements and which measures best reflect cardiovascular risk. Standardized measurements of ankle and arm SBP from 5140 overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes were used to estimate sources of variation. Measurement characteristics of leg-specific ABI, as calculated using a standard algorithm based on the highest SBP of the dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial arteries, were projected using simulations. Coefficients of variability ranged from 2% to 3% when single SBP measurements were used and ABI was overestimated by 2-3%. Taking two SBP measurements at each site reduced standard errors and bias each by 30-40%. The sensitivity of detecting low ABI ranges exceeded 90% for ABI within 0.05 of the 0.90 clinical cut-point. The average and the minimum of the two (i.e. right and left) leg-specific ABI values had similar U-shaped relationships with Framingham risk scores; however, the average leg ABI had slightly greater precision. Replicating SBP measurements reduces the error and bias of ABI. Averaging leg-specific values may increase power for characterizing cardiovascular disease risk. C1 [Espeland, Mark A.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biostat Sci, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Regensteiner, Judith G.; Hill, James; Hiatt, William R.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Gregg, Edward] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Knowler, William C.] NIDDK, Diabetes Epidemiol & Clin Res Sect, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Haffner, Steven] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. [Hiatt, William R.] Colorado Prevent Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Espeland, MA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biostat Sci, Sch Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM mespelan@wfubmc.edu OI Kriska, Andrea/0000-0002-3522-0869; Kahn, Steven/0000-0001-7307-9002; Redmon, J. Bruce/0000-0002-1883-9467 FU Department of Health and Human Services; National Institutes of Health [DK57136, DK57149, DK56990, DK57177, DK57171, DK57151, DK57182, DK57131, DK57002, DK57078, DK57154, DK57178, DK57219, DK57008, DK57135, DK56992]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Nursing Research; National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities; Office of Research on Women's Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Bayview General Clinical Research Center [M01-RR-02719]; Massachusetts General Hospital Mallinckrodt General Clinical Research Center [M01-RR-01066]; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center General Clinical Research Center [M01-RR-00051]; Clinical Nutrition Research Unit [P30 DK48520]; University of Tennessee at Memphis General Clinical Research Center [M01RR00211-40]; University of Pittsburgh General Clinical Research Center [M01RR000056 44]; NIH [DK 046204]; University of Washington / Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs FX This study is supported by the Department of Health and Human Services through the following cooperative agreements from the National Institutes of Health: DK57136, DK57149, DK56990, DK57177, DK57171, DK57151, DK57182, DK57131, DK57002, DK57078, DK57154, DK57178, DK57219, DK57008, DK57135, and DK56992. The following federal agencies have contributed support: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Nursing Research; National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities; Office of Research on Women's Health; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Additional support was received from The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Bayview General Clinical Research Center (M01-RR-02719); the Massachusetts General Hospital Mallinckrodt General Clinical Research Center (M01-RR-01066); the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center General Clinical Research Center (M01-RR-00051) and Clinical Nutrition Research Unit (P30 DK48520); the University of Tennessee at Memphis General Clinical Research Center (M01RR00211-40); the University of Pittsburgh General Clinical Research Center (M01RR000056 44) and NIH grant (DK 046204); and the University of Washington / Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs. The following organizations have committed to make major contributions to Look AHEAD: Federal Express; Health Management Resources; Johnson & Johnson, LifeScan Inc.; Optifast-Novartis Nutrition; Roche Pharmaceuticals; Ross Product Division of Abbott Laboratories; and Slim-Fast Foods Company. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1358-863X J9 VASC MED JI Vasc. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 13 IS 3 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1177/1358863X08091338 PG 9 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 346PS UT WOS:000259081900003 PM 18687759 ER PT J AU Yabsley, MJ Murphy, SM Luttrell, MP Little, SE Massung, RF Stallknecht, DE Conti, LA Blackmore, CGM Durden, LA AF Yabsley, Michael J. Murphy, Staci M. Luttrell, M. Page Little, Susan E. Massung, Robert F. Stallknecht, David E. Conti, Lisa A. Blackmore, Carina G. M. Durden, Lance A. TI Experimental and field studies on the suitability of raccoons (Procyon lotor) as hosts for tick-borne pathogens SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ehrlichia; field studies; tick(s); vector-borne; zoonotic ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; ERYTHEMA CHRONICUM MIGRANS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RATS NEOTOMA-FUSCIPES; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; ANAPLASMA-PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM AB We investigated the experimental susceptibility and natural exposure of raccoons (Procyon lotor) to five tick-borne pathogens of human and veterinary importance, Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum (ApVariant 1 and Ap-ha HGE-1 strains), and Borrelia lonestari. Infections were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), indirect fluorescent antibody OFA) testing, and/or culture isolation methods for at least 30 days postinoculation (DPI). Two E. chaffeensis-inoculated raccoons seroconverted and were transiently PCR positive. One raccoon was culture positive. Laboratory raised Amblyomma americanum nymphs fed on a third infected raccoon failed to become infected. Two A. phagocytophilum (HGE-1)-inoculated raccoons became PCR positive and seroconverted. Both remained positive for at least 74 DPI. In contrast, raccoons inoculated with A. phagocytophilum (Ap-Variant 1) were only transiently PCR positive and only seroconverted with low titers. No evidence of infection was observed for E. ewingii- and B. lonestari-inoculated raccoons. Only one E. canis-inoculated raccoon was PCR positive 3 DPI. Serologic testing of wild raccoons from five populations (3 infested with ticks) in Georgia and Florida showed antibodies reactive with E. chaffeensis in the 3 tick-infested populations (range of 30%-46%), E. canis in the same three populations (8%-23%), A. phagocytophilum in a single raccoon from Florida (12%), and Borrelia spp. in all 5 populations (8%-53%). All raccoons were PCR negative for tick-borne pathogens. These data suggest that raccoons are likely not important reservoirs of E. canis, E. ewingii, or B. lonestari. However, raccoons are experimentally susceptible and naturally exposed to E. chaffeensis, and these data support the previous finding that raccoons may be involved in the natural history of A. phagocytophilum. C1 [Yabsley, Michael J.; Murphy, Staci M.; Luttrell, M. Page; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Little, Susan E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Massung, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Conti, Lisa A.; Blackmore, Carina G. M.] Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Durden, Lance A.] Georgia So Univ, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Yabsley, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Wildlife Hlth Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM myabsley@uga.edu FU Southeast Center for Emerging Biologic Threats; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was supported by a grant to M.J.Y. from the Southeast Center for Emerging Biologic Threats and The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. S.M.M. was partially supported by the Merck-Merial Georgia Veterinary Scholars Program. The authors also thank Ben Bonner, Nat Seney, Tanya Cooper, and the rest of the Animal Resources staff for excellent animal care, and they thank Darryl Kavanaugh and J. Smith from APHIS/USDA/WS, and B. Hanson, K. Pederson, and B. Wilcox of SCWDS, for field assistance. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 491 EP 503 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0240 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 346WU UT WOS:000259101100008 PM 18429696 ER PT J AU Yang, LJ Sanchez, A Ward, JM Murphy, BR Collins, PL Bukreyev, A AF Yang, Lijuan Sanchez, Anthony Ward, Jerrold M. Murphy, Brian R. Collins, Peter L. Bukreyev, Alexander TI A paramyxovirus-vectored intranasal vaccine against Ebola virus is immunogenic in vector-immune animals SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ebola; virus; vaccine; immunogenicity; respiratory; immunization; antibody ID PROTECTS NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; RHESUS-MONKEYS; HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FUSION GLYCOPROTEINS; ANTI-AD5 IMMUNITY; REPLICATION; ADENOVIRUS; INFECTION; TYPE-3 AB Ebola virus (EBOV) causes outbreaks of a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans. The virus can be transmitted by direct contact as well as by aerosol and is considered a potential bioweapon. Because direct immunization of the respiratory tract should be particularly effective against infection of mucosal surfaces, we previously developed an intranasal vaccine based on replication-competent human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) expressing EBOV glycoprotein GP (HPIV3/EboGP) and showed that it is immunogenic and protective against a high dose parenteral EBOV challenge. However, because the adult human population has considerable immunity to HPIV3, which is a common human pathogen, replication and immunogenicity of the vaccine in this population might be greatly restricted. Indeed, in the present study, replication of the vaccine in the respiratory tract of HPIV3-immune guinea pigs was found to be restricted to undetectable levels. This restriction appeared to be based on both neutralizing antibodies and cellular or other components of the immunity to HPIV3. Surprisingly, even though replication of HPIV3/EboGP was highly restricted in HPIV3-immune animals, it induced a high level of EBOV-specific antibodies that nearly equaled that obtained in HPIV3-naive animals. We also show that the previously demonstrated presence of functional GP in the vector particle was not associated with increased replication in the respiratory tract nor with spread beyond the respiratory tract of HPIV3-naive guinea pigs, indicating that expression and functional incorporation of the attachment/penetration glycoprotein of this systemic virus did not mediate a change in tissue tropism. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Yang, Lijuan; Murphy, Brian R.; Collins, Peter L.; Bukreyev, Alexander] NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sanchez, Anthony] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ward, Jerrold M.] NIAID, Infect Dis Pathogenesis Sect, Comparat Med Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bukreyev, A (reprint author), NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 50,Room 6505,50 S Dr,MSC 8007, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ab176v@nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 AI999999, Z01 AI000938-04] NR 42 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 377 IS 2 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.04.029 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 320HE UT WOS:000257223500005 PM 18570964 ER PT J AU Bankamp, B Lopareva, EN Kremer, JR Tian, Y Clemens, MS Patel, R Fowlkes, AL Kessler, JR Muller, CP Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Bankamp, B. Lopareva, E. N. Kremer, J. R. Tian, Y. Clemens, M. S. Patel, R. Fowlkes, A. L. Kessler, J. R. Muller, C. P. Bellini, W. J. Rota, P. A. TI Genetic variability and mRNA editing frequencies of the phosphoprotein genes of wild-type measles viruses SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE measles; phosphoprotein; phylogeny; RNA editing ID N-TERMINAL DOMAIN; V-PROTEIN; C-PROTEIN; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENOME REPLICATION; P-PROTEIN; PARAMYXOVIRUS; VACCINE; PHOSPHORYLATION; IDENTIFICATION AB The sequences of the nucleoprotein (N) and hemagglutinin (H) genes are routinely used for molecular epidemiologic studies of measles virus (MV). However, the amount of genetic diversity contained in other genes of MV has not been thoroughly evaluated. in this report, the nucleotide sequences of the phosphoprotein (P) genes from 34 wild-type strains representing 15 genotypes of MV were analyzed and found to be almost as variable as the H genes but less variable than the N genes. Deduced amino acid sequences of the three proteins encoded by the P gene, P, V and C, demonstrated considerably higher variability than the H proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed the same tree topography for the P gene sequences as previously seen for the N and H genes. RNA editing of P gene transcripts affects the relative ratios of P and V proteins, which may have consequences for pathogenicity. Wild-type isolates produced more transcripts with more than one C insertion; however, there was no significant difference in the use of P and V open reading frames, suggesting that the relative amounts of P and V proteins in infected cells would be similar for both vaccine and wild-type strains. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bankamp, B.; Lopareva, E. N.; Tian, Y.; Clemens, M. S.; Patel, R.; Fowlkes, A. L.; Bellini, W. J.; Rota, P. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kremer, J. R.; Kessler, J. R.; Muller, C. P.] WHO, Inst Immunol, Collaborat Ctr Measles, Reg Reference Lab Measles & Rubella,Lab Natl Sant, L-1011 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. RP Bankamp, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, MS C22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbankamp@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 135 IS 2 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.04.008 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 329ZK UT WOS:000257908900013 PM 18490071 ER PT J AU Lyon, JA Angov, E Fay, MP Sullivan, JS Girourd, AS Robinson, SJ Bergmann-Leitner, ES Duncan, EH Darko, CA Collins, WE Long, CA Barnwell, JW AF Lyon, Jeffrey A. Angov, Evelina Fay, Michael P. Sullivan, Joann S. Girourd, Autumn S. Robinson, Sally J. Bergmann-Leitner, Elke S. Duncan, Elizabeth H. Darko, Christian A. Collins, William E. Long, Carole A. Barnwell, John W. TI Protection Induced by Plasmodium falciparum MSP1(42) Is Strain-Specific, Antigen and Adjuvant Dependent, and Correlates with Antibody Responses SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Vaccination with Plasmodium falciparum MSP1(42)/complete Freund's adjuvant (FA) followed by MSP1(42)/incomplete FA is the only known regimen that protects Aotus nancymaae monkeys against infection by erythrocytic stage malaria parasites. The role of adjuvant is not defined; however complete FA cannot be used in humans. In rodent models, immunity is strain-specific. We vaccinated Aotus monkeys with the FVO or 3D7 alleles of MSP1(42) expressed in Escherichia coli or with the FVO allele expressed in baculovirus (bv) combined with complete and incomplete FA, Montanide ISA-720 (ISA-720) or AS02A. Challenge with FVO strain P. falciparum showed that suppression of cumulative day 11 parasitemia was strain-specific and could be induced by E. coli expressed MSP1(42) in combination with FA or ISA-720 but not with AS02A. The coli42-FVO antigen induced a stronger protective effect than the bv42-FVO antigen, and FA induced a stronger protective effect than ISA-720. ELISA antibody (Ab) responses at day of challenge (DOC) were strain-specific and correlated inversely with c-day 11 parasitemia (r = -0.843). ELISA Ab levels at DOC meeting a titer of at least 115,000 ELISA Ab units identified the vaccinees not requiring treatment (noTx) with a true positive rate of 83.3% and false positive rate of 14.3%. Correlation between functional growth inhibitory Ab levels (GIA) and cumulative day 11 parasitemia was weaker (r = -0.511), and was not as predictive for a response of noTx. The lowest false positive rate for GIA was 30% when requiring a true positive rate of 83.3%. These inhibition results along with those showing that antigen/FA combinations induced a stronger protective immunity than antigen/ISA-720 or antigen/AS02 combinations are consistent with protection as ascribed to MSP1-specific cytophilic antibodies. Development of an effective MSP1(42) vaccine against erythrocytic stage P. falciparum infection will depend not only on antigen quality, but also upon the selection of an optimal adjuvant component. C1 [Lyon, Jeffrey A.; Angov, Evelina; Girourd, Autumn S.; Robinson, Sally J.; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke S.; Duncan, Elizabeth H.; Darko, Christian A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fay, Michael P.] NIAID, NIH, Biostat Res Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. [Sullivan, Joann S.; Collins, William E.; Barnwell, John W.] CDC, Natl Ctr Zoonot, Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Long, Carole A.] NIAID, NIH, Dept Malaria & Vector Res, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lyon, JA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM evelina.angov@us.army.mil RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011; OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956; Fay, Michael P./0000-0002-8643-9625 FU U.S. Agency for International Development [936?6001, AAG-P- 00-98-00006, AAG-P-00-98-00005]; National Institutes of Health and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [NIAID YIAI-0438-03/ CDC C100-042]; United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command FX This work was supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development under project number 936?6001, award number AAG-P- 00-98-00006, and award number AAG-P-00-98-00005, by the National Institutes of Health and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Interagency Agreement under grant number NIAID YIAI-0438-03/ CDC C100-042, and by the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. NR 52 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 7 AR e2830 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002830 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 420QM UT WOS:000264304300049 PM 18665258 ER PT J AU Xie, JP Wu, EQ Zheng, ZJ Sullivan, PW Zhan, L Labarthe, DR AF Xie, Jipan Wu, Eric Q. Zheng, Zhi-Jie Sullivan, Patrick W. Zhan, Lin Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Patient-reported health status in coronary heart disease in the United States - Age, sex, racial, and ethnic differences SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE coronary disease; health status; disparities; quality of life ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; CHD MORTALITY; US VALUATION; TRENDS; WOMEN; EQ-5D; DISPARITIES; MEN; RESPONSIVENESS; PREVENTION AB Background - Coronary heart disease ( CHD) affects 15.8 million Americans. However, data on the national impact of CHD on health-related quality of life, particularly among people of different age, sex, racial, and ethnic groups, are limited. Methods and Results - Using data from the 2000 and 2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we examined various measures of patient-reported health status, including health-related quality of life, in the CHD and non-CHD populations and differences in the measures among demographic subgroups. These measures included short-form generic measures ( Short Form 12; Mental Component Summary-12 and Physical Component Summary-12) and EuroQol Group measures (EQ-5D index and EQ visual analog scale). Ordinary least- squares regressions were used to adjust for sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, comorbidities, and proxy report. The adjusted difference between the CHD and non-CHD populations was - 1.2 for Mental Component Summary- 12 ( 2.4% of the score in the non-CHD population), - 4.6 for Physical Component Summary-12 (9.2%), -0.04 for EQ-5D (4.6%), and - 7.3 for EQ visual analog scale ( 9.0%) ( all P < 0.05). Differences among demographic subgroups were observed. Particularly, compared with whites, the differences between CHD and non- CHD in blacks were bigger in all measures except Physical Component Summary- 12. A significantly bigger difference in Mental Component Summary- 12 also was observed among Hispanics compared with non- Hispanics. Conclusions - CHD is associated with significant impairment of health- related quality of life and other patient- reported health status in the US adult population. Differences in the impairment associated with CHD exist across different age, racial, and ethnic groups. In addition to preventing CHD, effective public health interventions should be aimed at improving health- related quality of life and perceived health status in the CHD population, especially the most vulnerable groups. C1 [Xie, Jipan; Labarthe, Darwin R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Xie, Jipan] Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wu, Eric Q.] Anal Grp Inc, Boston, MA USA. [Zheng, Zhi-Jie] NHLBI, Div Applicat Res Discoveries, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick W.] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Zhan, Lin] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Xie, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-47,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jipan.xie@gmail.com NR 33 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 118 IS 5 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.752006 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 331EC UT WOS:000257994500006 PM 18625894 ER PT J AU Herrera, GA Iwane, MK Cortese, M Brown, C Gershman, K Shupe, A Averhoff, F Chaves, SS Gargiullo, P Bridges, CB AF Herrera, Guillermo A. Iwane, Marika K. Cortese, Margaret Brown, Cedric Gershman, Ken Shupe, Alyson Averhoff, Francisco Chaves, Sandra S. Gargiullo, Paul Bridges, Carolyn B. TI Influenza vaccine effectiveness among 50-64-year-old persons during a season of poor antigenic match between vaccine and circulating influenza virus strains: Colorado, United States, 2003-2004 (vol 25, pg 154, 2006) SO VACCINE LA English DT Correction C1 [Herrera, Guillermo A.; Iwane, Marika K.; Cortese, Margaret; Brown, Cedric; Averhoff, Francisco; Chaves, Sandra S.; Gargiullo, Paul; Bridges, Carolyn B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, ESD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Iwane, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, ESD, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM miwane@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 32 BP 4101 EP 4103 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.132 PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 339XP UT WOS:000258610900019 ER PT J AU Gambaryan, AS Tuzikov, AB Pazynina, GV Desheva, JA Bovin, NV Matrosovich, MN Klimov, AI AF Gambaryan, Alexandra S. Tuzikov, Alexander B. Pazynina, Galina V. Desheva, Julia A. Bovin, Nicolai V. Matrosovich, Mikhail N. Klimov, Alexander I. TI 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X is the common receptor determinant recognized by H5, H6, H7 and H9 influenza viruses of terrestrial poultry SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIUM; HIGH BINDING-AFFINITY; A VIRUSES; HONG-KONG; TARGET-CELLS; SPECIFICITY; HEMAGGLUTININ; CHICKEN; SIALYLOLIGOSACCHARIDES; SIALOOLIGOSACCHARIDES AB Background: Influenza A viruses of domestic birds originate from the natural reservoir in aquatic birds as a result of interspecies transmission and adaptation to new host species. We previously noticed that influenza viruses isolated from distinct orders of aquatic and terrestrial birds may differ in their fine receptor-binding specificity by recognizing the structure of the inner parts of Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal-terminated sialyloligosaccharide receptors. To further characterize these differences, we studied receptor-binding properties of a large panel of influenza A viruses from wild aquatic birds, poultry, pigs and horses. Results: Using a competitive solid-phase binding assay, we determined viral binding to polymeric conjugates of sialyloligosaccharides differing by the type of Neu5Ac alpha-Gal linkage and by the structure of the more distant parts of the oligosaccharide chain. Influenza viruses isolated from terrestrial poultry differed from duck viruses by an enhanced binding to sulfated and/or fucosylated Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal-containing sialyloligosaccharides. Most of the poultry viruses tested shared a high binding affinity for the 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X (Su-SLex). Efficient binding of poultry viruses to Su-SLex was often accompanied by their ability to bind to Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal-terminated (human-type) receptors. Such a dual receptor-binding specificity was demonstrated for the North American and Eurasian H7 viruses, H9N2 Eurasian poultry viruses, and H1, H3 and H9 avian-like virus isolates from pigs. Conclusion: Influenza viruses of terrestrial poultry differ from ancestral duck viruses by enhanced binding to sulfated and/or fucosylated Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal-terminated receptors and, occasionally, by the ability to bind to Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal-terminated (human-type) receptors. These findings suggest that the adaptation to receptors in poultry can enhance the potential of an avian virus for avian-to-human transmission and pandemic spread. C1 [Matrosovich, Mikhail N.] Univ Marburg, Inst Virol, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. [Gambaryan, Alexandra S.] RAMS, Chumakov Inst Poliomyelitis & Viral Encephalitis, Moscow 142782, Russia. [Tuzikov, Alexander B.; Pazynina, Galina V.; Bovin, Nicolai V.] RAS, MM Shemyakin Bioorgan Chem Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Desheva, Julia A.] RAMS, Inst Expt Med, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. [Klimov, Alexander I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Matrosovich, MN (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Inst Virol, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. EM alexandra.gambaryan@gmail.com; tuzikov@carb.ibch.ru; pazynina@carb.ibch.ru; desheva@ok.ru; bovin@carb.ibch.ru; M.Matrosovich@gmail.com; aklimov@cdc.gov RI Gambaryan, Alexandra/E-2667-2014; Desheva, Yulia/I-1493-2013 OI Desheva, Yulia/0000-0001-9794-3520 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [05-04-48934]; RAS Presidium; ISTC [2464]; European Commission projects FLUPATH, FLUINNATE and FLUVACC FX We thank Dr. Svetlana Yamnikova (D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia) for providing us with duck influenza viruses and Dr. Michael Shaw (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA) for critical review of the paper. This study was supported by research grants 05-04-48934 from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RAS Presidium program 'Molecular and Cell Biology', ISTC grant No: 5 2464 and the European Commission projects FLUPATH, FLUINNATE and FLUVACC. NR 50 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD JUL 24 PY 2008 VL 5 AR 85 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-5-85 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 338MY UT WOS:000258513200002 PM 18652681 ER PT J AU Tynan, M Babb, S MacNeil, A AF Tynan, M. Babb, S. MacNeil, A. TI State smoking restrictions for private-sector worksites, restaurants, and bars - United States, 2004 and 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 549-552, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Tynan, M.] MayaTech Corp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Babb, S.; MacNeil, A.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tynan, M (reprint author), MayaTech Corp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 23 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 4 BP 387 EP 388 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 328XJ UT WOS:000257831200007 ER PT J AU Cain, KP Benoit, SR Winston, CA Mac Kenzie, WR AF Cain, Kevin P. Benoit, Stephen R. Winston, Carla A. Mac Kenzie, William R. TI Tuberculosis among foreign-born persons in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; ISONIAZID CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; INFECTION; RISK; POPULATION; PREVENTION; IMMIGRANTS; REACTORS; HEALTH; AGE AB Context Foreign-born persons accounted for 57% of all tuberculosis (TB) cases in the United States in 2006. Current TB control strategies have not sufficiently addressed the high levels of TB disease and latent TB infection in this population. Objective To determine the risk of TB disease and drug-resistant TB among foreign-born populations and the potential impact of adding TB culture to overseas screening procedures for foreign-born persons entering the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants Descriptive epidemiologic analysis of foreign-born persons in the United States diagnosed with TB from 2001 through 2006. Main Outcome Measures TB case rates, stratified by time since US entry, country of origin, and age at US entry; anti-TB drug-resistance patterns; and characteristics of TB cases diagnosed within 3 months of US entry. Results A total of 46 970 cases of TB disease were reported among foreign-born persons in the United States from 2001 through 2006, of which 12 928 (28%) were among recent entrants (within 2 years of US entry). Among the foreign-born population overall, TB case rates declined with increasing time since US entry, but remained higher than among US-born persons - even more than 20 years after arrival. In total, 53% of TB cases among foreign-born persons occurred among the 22% of the foreign-born population born in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Isoniazid resistance was as high as 20% among recent entrants from Vietnam and 18% for recent entrants from Peru. On average, 250 individuals per year were diagnosed with smear-negative, culture-positive TB disease within 3 months of US entry; 46% of these were from the Philippines or Vietnam. Conclusion The relative yield of finding and treating latent TB infection is particularly high among individuals from most countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. C1 [Cain, Kevin P.; Benoit, Stephen R.; Winston, Carla A.; Mac Kenzie, William R.] Ctr Dis Control, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cain, KP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kcain@cdc.gov RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 34 TC 122 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 23 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 4 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.1001/jama.300.4.405 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 328XJ UT WOS:000257831200018 PM 18647983 ER PT J AU Klemets, P Lyytikainen, O Ruutu, P Ollgren, J Nuorti, JP AF Klemets, Peter Lyytikainen, Outi Ruutu, Petri Ollgren, Jukka Nuorti, J. Pekka TI Invasive pneumococcal infections among persons with and without underlying medical conditions: Implications for prevention strategies SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL DISCHARGE REGISTER; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-RISK; POPULATION; PNEUMONIA; FINLAND AB Background: The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is recommended for persons aged < 65 years with chronic medical conditions. We evaluated the risk and mortality from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among persons with and without the underlying medical conditions which are considered PPV23 indications. Methods: Population-based data on all episodes of IPD (positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture) reported by Finnish clinical microbiology laboratories during 1995-2002 were linked to data in national health care registries and vital statistics to obtain information on the patient's preceding hospitalisations, co-morbidities, and outcome of illness. Results: Overall, 4357 first episodes of IPD were identified in all age groups (average annual incidence, 10.6/100,000). Patients aged 18-49 and 50-64 years accounted for 1282 (29%) and 934 (21%) of IPD cases, of which 372 (29%) and 427 (46%) had a current PPV23 indication, respectively. Overall, 536 (12%) IPD patients died within one month of first positive culture. Persons aged 18-64 years accounted for 254 (47%) of all deaths (case-fatality proportion, 12%). Of those who died 117 (46%) did not have a vaccine indication. In a survival model, patients with alcohol-related diseases, non-haematological malignancies, and those aged 50-64 years were most likely to die. Conclusion: In the general population of non-elderly adults, almost two-thirds of IPD and half of fatal cases occurred in persons without a recognised PPV23 indication. Policymakers should consider additional prevention strategies such as lowering the age of universal PPV23 vaccination and introducing routine childhood pneumococcal conjugate immunisation which could provide substantial health benefits to this population through indirect vaccine effects. C1 [Klemets, Peter; Lyytikainen, Outi; Ruutu, Petri; Ollgren, Jukka; Nuorti, J. Pekka] Natl Publ Hlth Inst KTL, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol & Control, Helsinki, Finland. [Nuorti, J. Pekka] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nuorti, JP (reprint author), Natl Publ Hlth Inst KTL, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol & Control, Helsinki, Finland. EM peter.klemets@ktl.fi; outi.lyytikainen@ktl.fi; petri.ruutu@ktl.fi; jukka.ollgren@ktl.fi; PNuorti@cdc.gov OI Ollgren, Jukka/0000-0003-0765-4392 FU Finska Lakaresallskapet; Perklen Foundation FX PK acknowledges support by grants from the Finska Lakaresallskapet and the Perklen Foundation. The foundations did not play a role in any aspect of the study or in the writing of this paper.; The authors are grateful to the staff at Finnish clinical microbiology laboratories for reporting microbiological data. We also wish to thank Eero Pukkala at Cancer Registry and Timo Klaukka at National Social Insurance Institution for valuable advice during the register-linkage. The advice of Matti Ristola at Helsinki University Central Hospital with respect to treatment of HIV patients is acknowledged. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 96 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-8-96 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 340EZ UT WOS:000258630200001 PM 18647385 ER PT J AU Vasan, M Rauvolfova, J Wolfert, MA Leoff, C Kannenberg, EL Quinn, CP Carlson, RW Boons, GJ AF Vasan, Mahalakshmi Rauvolfova, Jana Wolfert, Margreet A. Leoff, Christine Kannenberg, Elmar L. Quinn, Conrad P. Carlson, Russell W. Boons, Geert-Jan TI Chemical synthesis and immunological properties of oligosaccharides derived from the vegetative cell wall of Bacillus anthracis SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; glycoconjugates; oligosaccharides; protein conjugation; vaccines ID TETRASACCHARIDE SIDE-CHAIN; REPEATING UNIT; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; MAJOR GLYCOPROTEIN; EXOSPORIUM; ANTIGEN; VACCINE; POLYSACCHARIDE; BIOTERRORISM; PROTEIN C1 [Vasan, Mahalakshmi; Rauvolfova, Jana; Wolfert, Margreet A.; Leoff, Christine; Kannenberg, Elmar L.; Carlson, Russell W.; Boons, Geert-Jan] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Quinn, Conrad P.] DBD, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch,NCIRD, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Carlson, RW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rcarlson@ccrc.ugo.edu; gjboons@ccrc.uga.edu RI Wolfert, Margreet/J-1726-2016; Boons, Geert-Jan/J-3211-2016 OI Wolfert, Margreet/0000-0003-4864-0026; Boons, Geert-Jan/0000-0003-3111-5954 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI059577]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM065248-06, GM065248, R01 GM061761, R01 GM065248] NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI ChemBioChem PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1716 EP 1720 DI 10.1002/cbic.200800210 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 332OM UT WOS:000258092300006 PM 18563773 ER PT J AU Kabanywanyi, AM MacArthur, JR Stolk, WA Habbema, DF Mshinda, H Bloland, PB Abdulla, S Kachur, SP AF Kabanywanyi, Abdunoor M. MacArthur, John R. Stolk, Wilma A. Habbema, Dik F. Mshinda, Hassan Bloland, Peter B. Abdulla, Salim Kachur, S. Patrick TI Malaria in pregnant women in an area with sustained high coverage of insecticide-treated bed nets SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INTERMITTENT PREVENTIVE TREATMENT; TANZANIA; TRANSMISSION; SURVIVAL; DISTRICT; PROGRAM; HEALTH AB Background: Since 2000, the World Health Organization has recommended a package of interventions to prevent malaria during pregnancy and its sequelae that includes the promotion of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), and effective case management of malarial illness. It is recommended that pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas receive at least two doses of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. This study assessed the prevalence of placental malaria at delivery in women during 1(st) or 2(nd) pregnancy, who did not receive intermittent preventive treatment for malaria (IPTp) in a malaria-endemic area with high bed net coverage. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done in Ifakara, Tanzania, where bed net coverage is high. Primi- and secundigravid women, who presented to the labour ward and who reported not using IPTp were included in the study. Self-report data were collected by questionnaire; whereas neonatal birth weight and placenta parasitaemia were measured directly at the time of delivery. Results: Overall, 413 pregnant women were enrolled of which 91% reported to have slept under a bed net at home the previous night, 43% reported history of fever and 62% were primigravid. Malaria parasites were detected in 8% of the placenta samples; the geometric mean (95% CI) placental parasite density was 3,457 (1,060-11,271) parasites/mu l in primigravid women and 2,178 (881-5,383) parasites/mu l in secundigravid women. Fifteen percent of newborns weighed < 2,500 g at delivery. Self-reported bed net use was statistically associated with lower risk for low birth weight [OR 0.34 (95% CI: 0.16-0.74) and OR 0.22 (95% CI: 0.08-0.59) for untreated and treated bed nets, respectively], but was not associated with placental parasitaemia [OR 0.74 (0.21-2.68) and OR 1.64 (0.44-6.19) for untreated and treated bed nets, respectively]. Conclusion: The observed incidence of LBW and prevalence of placental parasitaemia at delivery suggests that malaria remains a problem in pregnancy in this area with high bed net coverage when eligible women do not receive IPTp. Delivery of IPTp should be emphasized at all levels of implementation to achieve maximum community coverage. C1 [MacArthur, John R.; Bloland, Peter B.; Kachur, S. Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kabanywanyi, Abdunoor M.; Stolk, Wilma A.; Habbema, Dik F.] Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM omulokozi@gmail.com; zae5@cdc.gov; w.stolk@erasmusmc.nl; j.d.f.habbema@erasmusmc.nl; hmshinda@ihi.or.tz; pbb1@cdc.gov; salim.abdulla@gmail.com; spk0@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 133 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-133 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 337KP UT WOS:000258435300001 PM 18644118 ER PT J AU Nayak, MK Balasubramanian, G Sahoo, GC Bhattacharya, R Vinje, J Kobayashi, N Sarkar, MC Bhattacharya, MK Krishnan, T AF Nayak, Mukti K. Balasubramanian, Ganesh Sahoo, Ganesh C. Bhattacharya, Rittwika Vinje, Jan Kobayashi, Nobumichi Sarkar, Mamta Chawla Bhattacharya, Mihir K. Krishnan, Triveni TI Detection of a novel intergenogroup recombinant Norovirus from Kolkata, India SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE norovirus; intergenogroup recombinant; RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene; capsid gene; gastroenteritis; diarrhea ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; RNA RECOMBINATION; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; HUMAN CALICIVIRUSES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; VIRUS; OUTBREAKS; GENOME; PCR; ORGANIZATION AB Mutation and recombination are recognized as important driving forces of evolution among RNA viruses. An intergenogroup recombinant norovirus strain [Hu/Kol/NLV/L8775/AB290150/2006/India] was detected in the faecal specimen of a 17 year old male, who had suffered from acute watery diarrhea and severe dehydration. Sequence analysis confirmed that this novel recombinant strain had a polymerase gene fragment that closely resembled a Norovirus (NoV) genogroup-I genotype-3 virus (HuCV/NLV/GI.3/VA98115/AY038598/1998/USA) and a capsid gene resembling NoV genogroup-II genotype-4 virus (NoV/Hu/GII.4/Terneuzen70/EF126964/2006/NL). The crossing over and recombination was observed at nucleotide (nt) 790 of NoV GI VA98115 strain and nt808 of NoV GII Terneuzen70 strain. In both parent strains conserved nucleotide sequence and hairpin structure (DNA secondary structure) were reported at the junction point of ORF1 and ORF2, exhibiting the mechanism of recombination in these viruses. Thus this novel recombinant NoV is another step in evolution among NoVs, indicating that constant surveillance is important to successfully monitor emergence of these strains. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nayak, Mukti K.; Balasubramanian, Ganesh; Sahoo, Ganesh C.; Bhattacharya, Rittwika; Sarkar, Mamta Chawla; Bhattacharya, Mihir K.; Krishnan, Triveni] Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Diarrhoeal Dis Res & Control Ctr, Mol Virol Lab, Div Virol, Kolkata 700010, India. [Vinje, Jan] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kobayashi, Nobumichi] Sapporo Med Univ, Sch Med, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. RP Krishnan, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Diarrhoeal Dis Res & Control Ctr, Mol Virol Lab, Div Virol, P-33 CIT Rd,Scheme XM, Kolkata 700010, India. EM venihics@yahoo.com OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675; KRISHNAN, TRIVENI/0000-0002-9736-6716 NR 54 TC 39 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 377 IS 1 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.04.027 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 317SR UT WOS:000257040700014 PM 18555887 ER PT J AU Castrodale, L Westcott, M Dobson, J Rupprecht, C AF Castrodale, L. Westcott, M. Dobson, J. Rupprecht, C. TI Rabies in a three-month-old puppy in south-western Alaska SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID CUBS VULPES-VULPES; ANTIBODIES; KINETICS; VACCINE C1 [Castrodale, L.] Alaska Sect Epidemiol, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Westcott, M.] Alaska State Virol Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99706 USA. [Dobson, J.] Yokon Kuskokwim Hlth Corp, Off Environm Hlth & Engn, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. [Rupprecht, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Castrodale, L (reprint author), Alaska Sect Epidemiol, 3601 C St,Suite 540, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD JUL 19 PY 2008 VL 163 IS 3 BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 332UF UT WOS:000258107900012 PM 18641379 ER PT J AU Lolekha, R Anuwatnonthakate, A Nateniyom, S Sumnapun, S Yamada, N Wattanaamornkiat, W Sattayawuthipong, W Charusuntonsri, P Sanguanwongse, N Wells, CD Varma, JK AF Lolekha, Rangsima Anuwatnonthakate, Amornrat Nateniyom, Sriprapa Sumnapun, Surin Yamada, Norio Wattanaamornkiat, Wanpen Sattayawuthipong, Wanchai Charusuntonsri, Pricha Sanguanwongse, Natpatou Wells, Charles D. Varma, Jay K. TI Childhood TB epidemiology and treatment outcomes in Thailand: a TB active surveillance network, 2004 to 2006 SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CLINICAL PRESENTATION; CHILDREN; IMPACT; HIV; INFECTION; REDUCTION AB Background: Of the 9.2 million new TB cases occurring each year, about 10% are in children. Because childhood TB is usually non-infectious and non-fatal, national programs do not prioritize childhood TB diagnosis and treatment. We reviewed data from a demonstration project to learn more about the epidemiology of childhood TB in Thailand. Methods: In four Thai provinces and one national hospital, we contacted healthcare facilities monthly to record data about persons diagnosed with TB, assist with patient care, provide HIV counseling and testing, and obtain sputum for culture and susceptibility testing. We analyzed clinical and treatment outcome data for patients age < 15 years old registered in 2005 and 2006. Results: Only 279 (2%) of 14,487 total cases occurred in children. The median age of children was 8 years (range: 4 months, 14 years). Of 197 children with pulmonary TB, 63 (32%) were bacteriologically-confirmed: 56 (28%) were smear-positive and 7 (4%) were smear-negative, but culture-positive. One was diagnosed with multi-drug resistant TB. HIV infection was documented in 75 (27%). Thirteen (17%) of 75 HIV-infected children died during TB treatment compared with 4 (2%) of 204 not known to be HIV-infected (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Childhood TB is infrequently diagnosed in Thailand. Understanding whether this is due to absence of disease or diagnostic effort requires further research. HIV contributes substantially to the childhood TB burden in Thailand and is associated with high mortality. C1 [Anuwatnonthakate, Amornrat; Varma, Jay K.] Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, TB Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Lolekha, Rangsima] Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Global AIDS Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Nateniyom, Sriprapa] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Bureau TB, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Sumnapun, Surin] Chiang Rai Prov Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. [Yamada, Norio] Res Inst TB Japan, Chiang Rai, Thailand. [Wattanaamornkiat, Wanpen] Off Dis Prevent & Control 7, AIDS TB STI & Leprosy Sect, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. [Sattayawuthipong, Wanchai] Phuket Prov Publ Hlth Off, Phuket, Thailand. [Charusuntonsri, Pricha] Bangkok Metropolitan Hlth Adm, Hlth Ctr 41, Bangkok, Thailand. [Sanguanwongse, Natpatou] Bamrasnaradura Inst, Dept Med, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Wells, Charles D.; Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Varma, JK (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, TB Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. EM rangsimaL@th.cdc.gov; AmornratA@th.cdc.gov; nateniyoms@yahoo.com; angvcr@hotmail.com; nyamada@jata.or.jp; Wanpen_wa@yahoo.com; wanchaig@health.moph.go.th; pcharu@gmail.com; natpatou@yahoo.com; cdwells6@bellsouth.net; jvarma@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD JUL 18 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 94 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-8-94 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 333GU UT WOS:000258141800001 PM 18637205 ER PT J AU Sirinak, C Kittikraisak, W Pinjeesekikul, D Charusuntonsri, P Luanloed, P Srisuwanvilai, LO Nateniyom, S Akksilp, S Likanonsakul, S Sattayawuthipong, W Burapat, C Varma, JK AF Sirinak, Chawin Kittikraisak, Wanitchaya Pinjeesekikul, Duangporn Charusuntonsri, Pricha Luanloed, Phinai Srisuwanvilai, La-ong Nateniyom, Sriprapa Akksilp, Somsak Likanonsakul, Sirirat Sattayawuthipong, Wanchai Burapat, Channawong Varma, Jay K. TI Viral hepatitis and HIV-associated tuberculosis: Risk factors and TB treatment outcomes in Thailand SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; BLOOD-DONORS; PREVALENCE; HEPATOTOXICITY; SEROPREVALENCE; USERS; HBV AB Background: The occurrence of tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and viral hepatitis infections in the same patient poses unique clinical and public health challenges, because medications to treat TB and HIV are hepatotoxic. We conducted an observational study to evaluate risk factors for HBsAg and/or anti-HCV reactivity and to assess differences in adverse events and TB treatment outcomes among HIV-infected TB patients. Methods: Patients were evaluated at the beginning, during, and at the end of TB treatment. Blood samples were tested for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (BR), complete blood count, and CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count. TB treatment outcomes were assessed at the end of TB treatment according to international guidelines. Results: Of 769 enrolled patients, 752 (98%) had serologic testing performed for viral hepatitis: 70 (9%) were reactive for HBsAg, 237 (31%) for anti-HCV, and 472 (63%) non-reactive for both markers. At the beginning of TB treatment, 18 (26%) patients with HBsAg reactivity had elevated liver function tests compared with 69 (15%) patients non-reactive to any viral marker (p = 0.02). At the end of TB treatment, 493 (64%) were successfully treated. Factors independently associated with HBsAg reactivity included being a man who had sex with men (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.3) and having low TB knowledge (AOR, 1.8; CI, 1.0-3.0). Factors most strongly associated with anti-HCV reactivity were having injection drug use history (AOR, 12.8; CI, 7.0-23.2) and living in Bangkok (AOR, 15.8; CI, 9.4-26.5). The rate of clinical hepatitis and death during TB treatment was similar in patients HBsAg reactive, anti-HCV reactive, both HBsAg and anti-HCV reactive, and non-reactive to any viral marker. Conclusion: Among HIV-infected TB patients living in Thailand, markers of viral hepatitis infection, particularly hepatitis C virus infection, were common and strongly associated with known behavioral risk factors. Viral hepatitis infection markers were not strongly associated with death or the development of clinical hepatitis during TB treatment. C1 [Kittikraisak, Wanitchaya; Burapat, Channawong; Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Sirinak, Chawin; Pinjeesekikul, Duangporn; Charusuntonsri, Pricha; Luanloed, Phinai; Srisuwanvilai, La-ong] Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Dept Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. [Akksilp, Somsak] Off Dis Prevent & Control 7, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. [Likanonsakul, Sirirat] Bamrasnaradura Infect Dis Inst, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Sattayawuthipong, Wanchai] Phuket Prov Hlth Off, Phuket, Thailand. [Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Varma, JK (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. EM sirinak@hotmail.com; WanitchayaK@th.cdc.gov; oduangporn@yahoo.com; pcharu@gmail.com; pinaill@yahoo.com; laong@bma-gap.or.th; nateniyoms@yahoo.com; akksilp_s@yahoo.com; wirojmankhatitham@yahoo.com; wanchaig@health.moph.go.th; ChannawongB@th.cdc.gov; jvarma@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUL 18 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 245 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-245 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 331QW UT WOS:000258028700003 PM 18638392 ER PT J AU Arguin, PM Weina, PJ Dougherty, CP AF Arguin, Paul M. Weina, Peter J. Dougherty, Cindy P. TI Artesunate for malaria SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Arguin, Paul M.; Dougherty, Cindy P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Weina, Peter J.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Arguin, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Weina, Peter/A-2120-2011 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 17 PY 2008 VL 359 IS 3 BP 313 EP 313 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 326KD UT WOS:000257656600021 PM 18635440 ER PT J AU Fang, J Keenan, NL Ayala, C Dai, S Merritt, R Denny, CH AF Fang, J. Keenan, N. L. Ayala, C. Dai, S. Merritt, R. Denny, C. H. TI Awareness of stroke warning symptoms - 13 states and the District of Columbia, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 481-485, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEART-DISEASE; ASSOCIATION; MORTALITY C1 [Fang, J.; Keenan, N. L.; Ayala, C.; Dai, S.; Merritt, R.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Denny, C. H.] CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fang, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 16 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 3 BP 274 EP 276 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 325ZB UT WOS:000257626600008 ER PT J AU Munk, E Maltas, G Dorman, S Johnson, B Johnson, S Taylor, K Thomas, J Campbell, C Gossett, L Mentzer, M Richards, Y Walsh, T Massey, S Federline, L Trimeloni, K Balm, E Douge, J Miner, M Goldsborough, C Donovan, M Cronin, W Blythe, D Randle, V Baruch, N Jackson, R Moore, J Heirendt, W Keller, S White, W Tipple, M Hardge, D Hinnant, J Mirchandani, G AF Munk, E. Maltas, G. Dorman, S. Johnson, B. Johnson, S. Taylor, K. Thomas, J. Campbell, C. Gossett, L. Mentzer, M. Richards, Y. Walsh, T. Massey, S. Federline, L. Trimeloni, K. Balm, E. Douge, J. Miner, M. Goldsborough, C. Donovan, M. Cronin, W. Blythe, D. Randle, V. Baruch, N. Jackson, R. Moore, J. Heirendt, W. Keller, S. White, W. Tipple, M. Hardge, D. Hinnant, J. Mirchandani, G. TI Workplace-based investigation of contacts of a patient with highly infectious tuberculosis - Maryland, District of Columbia, and Virginia, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, 57, pg 94-98, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES C1 [Johnson, B.; Johnson, S.; Taylor, K.] Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Thomas, J.; Campbell, C.] Baltimore Cty Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gossett, L.; Mentzer, M.] Anne Arundel Cty Hlth Dept, Annapolis, MD USA. [Goldsborough, C.; Donovan, M.; Cronin, W.; Blythe, D.; Randle, V.; Baruch, N.] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Jackson, R.] Charlottesville Albemarle Hlth Dept, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Heirendt, W.; Keller, S.; White, W.; Tipple, M.] Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. [Hardge, D.; Hinnant, J.] Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Mirchandani, G.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 16 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 3 BP 276 EP 278 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 325ZB UT WOS:000257626600009 ER PT J AU Begley, EB Jafa, K Voetsch, AC Heffelfinger, JD Borkowf, CB Sullivan, PS AF Begley, Elin B. Jafa, Krishna Voetsch, Andrew C. Heffelfinger, James D. Borkowf, Craig B. Sullivan, Patrick S. TI Willingness of Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in the United States to Be Circumcised as Adults to Reduce the Risk of HIV Infection SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CONSPIRACY BELIEFS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; PREVENTION; HIV/AIDS; HEALTH; TRIAL; ACCEPTABILITY; CANCER; HERPES; KENYA AB Background: Circumcision reduces HIV acquisition among heterosexual men in Africa, but it is unclear if circumcision may reduce HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, or whether MSM would be willing to be circumcised if recommended. Methods: We interviewed presumed-HIV negative MSM at gay pride events in 2006. We asked uncircumcised respondents about willingness to be circumcised if it were proven to reduce risk of HIV among MSM and perceived barriers to circumcision. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify covariates associated with willingness to be circumcised. Results: Of 780 MSM, 133 (17%) were uncircumcised. Of these, 71 (53%) were willing to be circumcised. Willingness was associated with black race (exact odds ratio [OR]: 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-9.8), non-injection drug use (OR: 6.1, 95% CI: 1.8-23.7) and perceived reduced risk of penile cancer (OR: 4.7, 95% CI: 2.0-11.9). The most commonly endorsed concerns about circumcision were post-surgical pain and wound infection. Conclusions: Over half of uncircumcised MSM, especially black MSM, expressed willingness to be circumcised. Perceived risks and benefits of circumcision should be a part of educational materials if circumcision is recommended for MSM in the United States. C1 [Begley, Elin B.; Jafa, Krishna; Voetsch, Andrew C.; Heffelfinger, James D.; Borkowf, Craig B.; Sullivan, Patrick S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Begley, EB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. EM EQB5@cdc.gov OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 16 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 7 AR e2731 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002731 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 417DX UT WOS:000264057200067 PM 18628946 ER PT J AU Hlavsa, MC Moonan, PK Cowan, LS Navin, TR Kammerer, JS Morlock, GP Crawford, JT Lobue, PA AF Hlavsa, Michele C. Moonan, Patrick K. Cowan, Lauren S. Navin, Thomas R. Kammerer, J. Steve Morlock, Glenn P. Crawford, Jack T. LoBue, Philip A. TI Human tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in the United States, 1995-2005 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; POPULATION; CALIFORNIA; COMPLEX; MEXICO AB Background. Understanding the epidemiology of human Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis (TB) in the United States is imperative; this disease can be foodborne or airborne, and current US control strategies are focused on TB due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and airborne transmission. The National TB Genotyping Service's work has allowed systematic identification of M. tuberculosis-complex isolates and enabled the first US-wide study of M. bovis TB. Methods. Results of spacer oligonucleotide and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units typing were linked to corresponding national surveillance data for TB cases reported for the period 2004-2005 and select cases for the period 1995-2003. We also used National TB Genotyping Service data to evaluate the traditional antituberculous drug resistance-based case definition of M. bovis TB. Results. Isolates from 165 (1.4%) of 11,860 linked cases were identified as M. bovis. Patients who were not born in the United States, Hispanic patients, patients <15 years of age, patients reported to be HIV infected, and patients with extrapulmonary disease each had increased adjusted odds of having M. bovis versus M. tuberculosis TB. Most US-born, Hispanic patients with TB due to M. bovis (29 [90.6%] of 32) had extrapulmonary disease, and their overall median age was 9.5 years. The National TB Genotyping Service's data indicated that the pyrazinamide-based case definition's sensitivity was 82.5% (95% confidence interval; 75.3%-87.9%) and that data identified 14 errors in pyrazinamide-susceptibility testing or reporting. Conclusions. The prevalence of extrapulmonary disease in the young, US-born Hispanic population suggests recent transmission of M. bovis, possibly related to foodborne exposure. Because of its significantly different epidemiologic profile, compared with that of M. tuberculosis TB, we recommend routine surveillance of M. bovis TB. Routine surveillance and an improved understanding of M. bovis TB transmission dynamics would help direct the development of additional control measures. C1 [Hlavsa, Michele C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Hlavsa, Michele C.; Moonan, Patrick K.; Cowan, Lauren S.; Navin, Thomas R.; Kammerer, J. Steve; Morlock, Glenn P.; Crawford, Jack T.; LoBue, Philip A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis Sexually Transm, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kammerer, J. Steve] Northrup Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hlavsa, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acz3@cdc.gov RI Moonan, Patrick/F-4307-2014; OI Moonan, Patrick/0000-0002-3550-2065 NR 28 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1086/589240 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 315UF UT WOS:000256905000004 PM 18532886 ER PT J AU Tiwari, TSP Golaz, A Yu, DT Ehresmann, KR Jones, TF Hill, HE Cassiday, PK Pawloski, LC Moran, JS Popovic, T Wharton, M AF Tiwari, Tejpratap S. P. Golaz, Anne Yu, Diana T. Ehresmann, Kristen R. Jones, Timothy F. Hill, Hal E. Cassiday, Pamela K. Pawloski, Lucia C. Moran, John S. Popovic, Tanja Wharton, Melinda TI Pitfalls with diphtheria-like illness due to toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans - Reply to Schuhegger et al. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Tiwari, Tejpratap S. P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Popovic, Tanja] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Yu, Diana T.] Thurston Cty Publ Hlth & Social Serv, Olympia, WA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Jones, Timothy F.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN USA. [Hill, Hal E.] Mem Hosp, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Tiwari, TSP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mail Stop C-25,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM tit2@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 289 EP 289 DI 10.1086/589576 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 315UF UT WOS:000256905000022 ER PT J AU Noll, J Birch, ME AF Noll, James Birch, M. Eileen TI Effects of sampling artifacts on occupational samples of diesel particulate matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; ELEMENTAL CARBON; ORGANIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; EXHAUST; AEROSOL; ENVIRONMENTS; ADSORPTION; ATMOSPHERE AB Total carbon (TC) is sometimes used to measure or characterize diesel particulate matter (DPM) in occupational settings such as underground mines. DPM samples are collected on quartz fiber filters. When using quartz fiber filters, adsorption of gas phase organic carbon (OC) has been reported, causing a positive bias in the particulate TIC results (adsorption artifact). Most of the data on the sampling artifacts and corrections apply to environmental air sampling, where samples are collected at a much higher filter face velocity and the OC concentrations are generally much lower relative to occupational sampling. In this study, we investigated the effects of adsorption artifact on samples from occupational settings. Samples were collected with and without denuders to determine the amount of gas phase OC collected and the accuracy of certain corrections. In underground stone mines, the adsorption artifact was found to positively bias the particulate TC by greater than 20% for filter loadings below 25 mu g/cm(2) TC (8-h time weighted average = 262 mu g/m(3)). The tandem filter correction reduced the effect of the artifact, as high as 60% of the TC value, to less than 11% for laboratory data. It also significantly reduced the effect of the artifact obtained for field samples. C1 [Noll, James] Centers Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv,NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Noll, James] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv,NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Noll, J (reprint author), Centers Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Res Lab, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv,NIOSH, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM JIN1@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 14 BP 5223 EP 5228 DI 10.1021/es702883k PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 325WS UT WOS:000257620000034 PM 18756633 ER PT J AU King, LJ Anderson, LR Blackmore, CG Blackwell, MJ Lautner, EA Marcus, LC Meyer, TE Monath, TP Nave, JE Ohle, J Pappaioanou, M Sobota, J Stokes, WS Davis, RM Glasser, JH Mahr, RK AF King, Lonnie J. Anderson, Larry R. Blackmore, Carina G. Blackwell, Michael J. Lautner, Elizabeth A. Marcus, Leonard C. Meyer, Travis E. Monath, Thomas P. Nave, James E. Ohle, Joerg Pappaioanou, Marguerite Sobota, Justin Stokes, William S. Davis, Ronald M. Glasser, Jay H. Mahr, Roger K. TI Executive summary of the AVMA One Health Initiative Task Force report SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [King, Lonnie J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Anderson, Larry R.] Family Care Ctr, Wellington, KS USA. [Blackmore, Carina G.] Florida Dept Hlth, Off Environm Publ Hlth Med, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Blackwell, Michael J.] LLC, Knoxville, TN USA. [Lautner, Elizabeth A.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Services Lab, Vet Serv, Ames, IA USA. [Marcus, Leonard C.] Travelers Hlth Immunizat Serv, Newton, MA USA. [Marcus, Leonard C.] Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Environm & Populat Hlth, North Grafton, MA USA. [Meyer, Travis E.] Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA USA. [Monath, Thomas P.] Harvard Univ, Pandem & Biodefense Fund, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nave, James E.] Tropicana Anim Hosp, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Ohle, Joerg] Bayer Anim Hlth, Shawnee Mission, KS USA. [Pappaioanou, Marguerite] Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Washington, DC USA. [Sobota, Justin] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL USA. [Stokes, William S.] US PHS, Washington, DC USA. [Stokes, William S.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Interagency Ctr Evaluat Alternat Toxicol Methods, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Davis, Ronald M.] Amer Med Assoc, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. [Glasser, Jay H.] Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Mahr, Roger K.] Amer Vet Med Assoc, Schaumburg, IL USA. [Nave, James E.] Amer Vet Med Assoc, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. RP King, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 6 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 2 BP 259 EP 261 DI 10.2460/javma.233.2.259 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 323LA UT WOS:000257446400027 PM 18627228 ER PT J AU Nachamkin, I Shadomy, SV Moran, AP Cox, N Fitzgerald, C Ung, H Corcoran, AT Iskander, JK Schonberger, LB Chen, RT AF Nachamkin, Irving Shadomy, Sean V. Moran, Anthony P. Cox, Nancy Fitzgerald, Collette Ung, Huong Corcoran, Adrian T. Iskander, John K. Schonberger, Lawrence B. Chen, Robert T. TI Anti-ganglioside antibody induction by swine (A/NJ/1976/H1N1) and other influenza vaccines: Insights into vaccine-associated Guillain-Barre syndrome SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI STRAINS; UNITED-STATES; CROSS-REACTIVITIES; MOLECULAR MIMICRY; GANGLIOSIDE GM1; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; HEMAGGLUTININ; INFECTIONS; VIRUSES; FORMS AB Background. Receipt of an A/NJ/1976/H1N1 "swine flu" vaccine in 1976, unlike receipt of influenza vaccines used in subsequent years, was strongly associated with the development of the neurologic disorder Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Anti-ganglioside antibodies (e. g., anti-GM(1)) are associated with the development of GBS, and we hypothesized that the swine flu vaccine contained contaminating moieties (such as Campylobacter jejuni antigens that mimic human gangliosides or other vaccine components) that elicited an anti-GM(1) antibody response in susceptible recipients. Methods. Surviving samples of monovalent and bivalent 1976 vaccine, comprising those from 3 manufacturers and 11 lot numbers, along with several contemporary vaccines were tested for hemagglutinin ( HA) activity, the presence of Campylobacter DNA, and the ability to induce anti-Campylobacter and anti-GM(1) antibodies after inoculation into C3H/HeN mice. Results. We found that, although C. jejuni was not detected in 1976 swine flu vaccines, these vaccines induced anti-GM(1) antibodies in mice, as did vaccines from 1991-1992 and 2004-2005. Preliminary studies suggest that the influenza HA induces anti-GM(1) antibodies. Conclusions. Influenza vaccines contain structures that can induce anti-GM(1) antibodies after inoculation into mice. Further research into influenza vaccine components that elicit anti-ganglioside responses and the role played by these antibodies (if any) in vaccine-associated GBS is warranted. C1 [Nachamkin, Irving; Ung, Huong] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Nachamkin, Irving; Ung, Huong] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Shadomy, Sean V.; Cox, Nancy; Fitzgerald, Collette; Iskander, John K.; Schonberger, Lawrence B.; Chen, Robert T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Moran, Anthony P.; Corcoran, Adrian T.] Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Microbiol, Galway, Ireland. RP Nachamkin, I (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, 4th Fl Gates Bldg,3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM nachamki@mail.med.upenn.edu FU PHS HHS [200-2002-00732] NR 47 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 2 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1086/589624 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 321QA UT WOS:000257320400011 PM 18522505 ER PT J AU Campo, DS Dimitrova, Z Mitchell, RJ Lara, J Khudyakov, Y AF Campo, D. S. Dimitrova, Z. Mitchell, R. J. Lara, J. Khudyakov, Y. TI Coordinated evolution of the hepatitis C virus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE complex systems; scale-free network; covariation; natural selection; epistasis ID HYPERVARIABLE REGION; INTERNET TOPOLOGY; COMPLEX NETWORKS; RNA VIRUS; EPISTASIS; NS5A; PHOSPHORYLATION; SUBSTITUTIONS; MUTATIONS; INFECTION AB Hepatitis C virus is a genetically heterogeneous RNA virus that is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. Here, we show that, despite its extensive heterogeneity, the evolution of hepatitis C virus is primarily shaped by negative selection and that numerous coordinated substitutions in the polyprotein can be organized into a scale-free network whose degree of connections between sites follows a power-law distribution. This network shares all major properties with many complex biological and technological networks. The topological structure and hierarchical organization of this network suggest that a small number of amino acid sites exert extensive impact on hepatitis C virus evolution. Nonstructural proteins are enriched for negatively selected sites of high centrality, whereas structural proteins are enriched for positively selected sites located in the periphery of the network. The complex network of coordinated substitutions is an emergent property of genetic systems with implications for evolution, vaccine research, and drug development. In addition to such properties as polymorphism or strength of selection, the epistatic connectivity mapped in the network is important for typing individual sites, proteins, or entire genetic systems. The network topology may help devise molecular intervention strategies for disrupting viral functions or impeding compensatory changes for vaccine escape or drug resistance mutations. Also, it may be used to find new therapeutic targets, as suggested in this study for the NS4A protein, which plays an important role in the network. C1 [Campo, D. S.; Dimitrova, Z.; Lara, J.; Khudyakov, Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mol Epidemiol & Bioinformat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mitchell, R. J.] La Trobe Univ, Sch Mol Sci, Dept Genet & Human Variat, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. RP Campo, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mol Epidemiol & Bioinformat Lab, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fyv6@cdc.gov; yek@cdc.gov RI Campo, David S./C-5072-2011 OI Campo, David S./0000-0002-8970-3436 NR 47 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 28 BP 9685 EP 9690 DI 10.1073/pnas.0801774105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 328FV UT WOS:000257784700043 PM 18621679 ER PT J AU Buchacz, K Baker, RK Moorman, AC Richardson, JT Wood, KC Holmberg, SD Brooks, JT AF Buchacz, Kate Baker, Rose K. Moorman, Anne C. Richardson, James T. Wood, Kathleen C. Holmberg, Scott D. Brooks, John T. CA HOPS Invest TI Rates of hospitalizations and associated diagnoses in a large multisite cohort of HIV patients in the United States, 1994-2005 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE chronic disease; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV; hospitalization; incidence; opportunistic infection; trends ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SERVICES UTILIZATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CHANGING PATTERN; MORTALITY; TRENDS; DEATH AB Objectives To assess temporal trends in the rates of hospitalizations and associated diagnoses among HIV-infected patients before and during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Design A prospective cohort study of 7155 patients enrolled in the HIV Outpatient Study at 10 US HIV clinics. Methods We evaluated rates of hospitalizations for major categories of medical conditions during 1994-2005 and modeled trends in these rates using multivariable Poisson regression models for repeated observations. We assessed patient characteristics associated with hospitalization using multiple logistic regression. Results The rates of hospitalizations (per 100 person-years) fell from 24.6 in 1994 to 11.8 in 2005 (P < 0.0001). The rates of hospitalizations for AIDS opportunistic infections decreased from 7.6 in 1994-1996 to 1.0 in 2003-2005 (P < 0.0001). AIDS opportunistic infections were present at 31% of hospitalizations in 1994-1996 versus 9.5% in 2003-2005, and chronic end-organ disease conditions were present at 7.2% of such hospitalizations in 1994-1996 versus 14.3% in 2003-2005. Mean CD4+ cell count at hospitalization increased from 115cells/mu l in 1994 to 310cells/mu l in 2005. Factors independently associated with hospitalization in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era (1997-2005) included older age, history of substance abuse, lower CD4+ cell count, history of AIDS, and public health insurance. Conclusion The rates of hospitalizations for HIV-infected patients declined substantially during 1994-2005, due mainly to reductions in the AIDS opportunistic infections. Compared with the period 1994-1997, patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era were hospitalized with higher CD4+ cell counts and more frequently for chronic end-organ conditions. (c) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Buchacz, Kate; Moorman, Anne C.; Holmberg, Scott D.; Brooks, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Baker, Rose K.; Richardson, James T.; Wood, Kathleen C.] Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. RP Buchacz, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acu7@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [200-2006-18797] NR 44 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 11 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1345 EP 1354 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 326WM UT WOS:000257689800012 PM 18580614 ER PT J AU Kumwenda, NI Hoover, DR Mofenson, LM Thigpen, MC Kafulafula, G Li, Q Mipando, L Nkanaunena, K Mebrahtu, T Bulterys, M Fowler, MG Taha, TE AF Kumwenda, Newton I. Hoover, Donald R. Mofenson, Lynne M. Thigpen, Michael C. Kafulafula, George Li, Qing Mipando, Linda Nkanaunena, Kondwani Mebrahtu, Tsedal Bulterys, Marc Fowler, Mary Glenn Taha, Taha E. TI Extended antiretroviral prophylaxis to reduce breast-milk HIV-1 transmission SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MOTHER-TO-CHILD; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; WEST-AFRICA; ZIDOVUDINE; INFANTS; INTERRUPTION; REGIMENS; EFFICACY; THERAPY AB Background: Effective strategies are urgently needed to reduce mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through breast-feeding in resource-limited settings. Methods: Women with HIV-1 infection who were breast-feeding infants were enrolled in a randomized, phase 3 trial in Blantyre, Malawi. At birth, the infants were randomly assigned to one of three regimens: single-dose nevirapine plus 1 week of zidovudine (control regimen) or the control regimen plus daily extended prophylaxis either with nevirapine (extended nevirapine) or with nevirapine plus zidovudine (extended dual prophylaxis) until the age of 14 weeks. Using Kaplan-Meier analyses, we assessed the risk of HIV-1 infection among infants who were HIV-1-negative on DNA polymerase-chain-reaction assay at birth. Results: Among 3016 infants in the study, the control group had consistently higher rates of HIV-1 infection from the age of 6 weeks through 18 months. At 9 months, the estimated rate of HIV-1 infection (the primary end point) was 10.6% in the control group, as compared with 5.2% in the extended-nevirapine group (P<0.001) and 6.4% in the extended-dual-prophylaxis group (P=0.002). There were no significant differences between the two extended-prophylaxis groups. The frequency of breast-feeding did not differ significantly among the study groups. Infants receiving extended dual prophylaxis had a significant increase in the number of adverse events (primarily neutropenia) that were deemed to be possibly related to a study drug. Conclusions: Extended prophylaxis with nevirapine or with nevirapine and zidovudine for the first 14 weeks of life significantly reduced postnatal HIV-1 infection in 9-month-old infants. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00115648.). C1 [Kumwenda, Newton I.; Li, Qing; Mebrahtu, Tsedal; Taha, Taha E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Fowler, Mary Glenn] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Hoover, Donald R.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Mofenson, Lynne M.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Thigpen, Michael C.; Bulterys, Marc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kafulafula, George] Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Blantyre, Malawi. [Mipando, Linda; Nkanaunena, Kondwani] Johns Hopkins Univ Coll Med Res Project, Blantyre, Malawi. RP Taha, TE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Rm E7138,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM ttaha@jhsph.edu OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808 FU NCHHSTP CDC HHS [5-U50-PS022061-05]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50-CC0222061] NR 23 TC 234 Z9 238 U1 0 U2 7 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 359 IS 2 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0801941 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 323PJ UT WOS:000257459000003 PM 18525035 ER PT J AU Matthews, S Ginzl, D Walsh, D Sherin, K Middaugh, J Hammond, R Bodager, D Komatsu, K Weiss, J Pascoe, N Marciano-Cabral, F Villegas, E Visvesvara, G Yoder, J Eddy, B Capewell, L Sriram, R Bandyopadhyay, K Qvarnstrom, Y DaSilva, A Johnston, S Xiao, L Hill, V Roy, S Beach, MJ AF Matthews, S. Ginzl, D. Walsh, D. Sherin, K. Middaugh, J. Hammond, R. Bodager, D. Komatsu, K. Weiss, J. Pascoe, N. Marciano-Cabral, F. Villegas, E. Visvesvara, G. Yoder, J. Eddy, B. Capewell, L. Sriram, R. Bandyopadhyay, K. Qvarnstrom, Y. DaSilva, A. Johnston, S. Xiao, L. Hill, V. Roy, S. Beach, M. J. TI Primary amebic meningoencephalitis - Arizona, Florida, and Texas, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 573-577, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Matthews, S.] Osceola Cty Hlth Dept, Osceola, FL USA. [Komatsu, K.; Weiss, J.] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [Marciano-Cabral, F.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Villegas, E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Visvesvara, G.; Yoder, J.; Eddy, B.; Capewell, L.; Sriram, R.; Bandyopadhyay, K.; Qvarnstrom, Y.; DaSilva, A.; Johnston, S.; Xiao, L.; Hill, V.; Roy, S.; Beach, M. J.] CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Matthews, S (reprint author), Osceola Cty Hlth Dept, Osceola, FL USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 9 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 2 BP 161 EP 163 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 323GV UT WOS:000257435500010 ER PT J AU Sanchez, CA Blount, BC Valentin-Blasini, L Lesch, SM Krieger, RI AF Sanchez, C. A. Blount, B. C. Valentin-Blasini, L. Lesch, S. M. Krieger, R. I. TI Perchlorate in the feed-dairy continuum of the southwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; milk; dairy feed ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; TERRESTRIAL PLANTS; THYROID-FUNCTION; BREAST-MILK; BOSTON-AREA; ACCUMULATION; EXPOSURE; IODINE; COWS AB Perchlorate has the potential to cause thyroid dysfunction by inhibiting iodide uptake by the sodium iodide symporter. Perchlorate-contaminated waters may lead to human exposure through drinking water and food chain transfer in crops by way of irrigation water. Perchlorate has been found in dairy milk collected nationally and internationally. This study was conducted to evaluate perchlorate in the feed-dairy continuum in the southwestern United States. All feed products collected at dairies in this study had detectable levels of perchlorate as analyzed by ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The calculated total perchlorate intake across dairies ranged from 1.9 to 12.7 mg/cow per day. The variation in total perchlorate intake across dairies was largely associated with variation in forage and silage products. Alfalfa products were the single most important source of perchlorate intake variability among dairies. The estimated perchlorate intake from drinking water ranged from 0.01 mg per cow per day and was generally less than 2% of the total perchlorate intake. The perchlorate content of milk ranged from 0.9 to 10.3 mu g/L and was similar to levels reported by the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study. The perchlorate content of milk was significantly related to the presence of perchlorate in feed but the variation of perchlorate in milk could not be explained by feed intake alone. C1 [Sanchez, C. A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Yuma Agr Ctr, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. [Blount, B. C.; Valentin-Blasini, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lesch, S. M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Krieger, R. I.] Univ Calif Riverside, Personal Chem Exposure Program, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Sanchez, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Yuma Agr Ctr, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. NR 46 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 5443 EP 5450 DI 10.1021/jf0733923 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 321VU UT WOS:000257335400079 PM 18553887 ER PT J AU Snyder, JA Demchuk, E McCanlies, EC Schuler, CR Kreiss, K Andrew, ME Frye, BL Ensey, JS Stanton, ML Weston, A AF Snyder, James A. Demchuk, Eugene McCanlies, Erin C. Schuler, Christine R. Kreiss, Kathleen Andrew, Michael E. Frye, Bonnie L. Ensey, James S. Stanton, Marcia L. Weston, Ainsley TI Impact of negatively charged patches on the surface of MHC class II antigen-presenting proteins on risk of chronic beryllium disease SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE HLA-DP; genetic epidemiology; beryllium sensitization; granulomas; free energy perturbation; molecular dynamics ID WATER INTERACTION POTENTIALS; BROWNIAN DYNAMICS PROGRAM; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HUMAN-LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FREE-ENERGIES; FORCE-FIELD; SENSITIZATION; HLA-DPB1 AB Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a granulomatous lung disease that occurs primarily in workers who are exposed to beryllium dust or fumes. Although exposure to beryllium is a necessary factor in the pathobiology of CBD, alleles that code for a glutamic acid residue at the 69th position of the HLA-DP beta 1 gene have previously been found to be associated with CBD. To date, 43 HLA-DP beta 1 alleles that code for glutamic acid 69 (E69) have been described. Whether all of these E69 coding alleles convey equal risk of CBD is unknown. The present study demonstrates that, on the one hand, E69 alleloforms of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen-presenting proteins with the greatest negative surface charge convey the highest risk of CBD, and on the other hand, irrespective of allele, they convey equal risk of beryllium sensitization (BeS). In addition, the data suggest that the same alleles that cause the greatest risk of CBD are also important for the progression from BeS to CBD. Alleles convey the highest risk code for E26 in a constant region and for E69, aspartic acid 55 (D55), E56, D84 and E85 in hypervariable regions of the HLA-DP beta 1 chain. Together with the calculated high binding affinities for beryllium, these results suggest that an adverse immune response, leading to CBD, is triggered by chemically specific metal protein interactions. C1 [Snyder, James A.; McCanlies, Erin C.; Andrew, Michael E.; Frye, Bonnie L.; Ensey, James S.; Weston, Ainsley] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Schuler, Christine R.; Kreiss, Kathleen; Stanton, Marcia L.; Weston, Ainsley] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Demchuk, Eugene] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Demchuk, E (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Morgantown, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM edemchuk@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD JUL 6 PY 2008 VL 5 IS 24 BP 749 EP 758 DI 10.1098/rsif.2007.1223 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 315LH UT WOS:000256881000006 PM 17956852 ER PT J AU Mateu, G Donis, RO Wakita, T Bukh, J Grakoui, A AF Mateu, Guaniri Donis, Ruben O. Wakita, Takaji Bukh, Jens Grakoui, Arash TI Intragenotypic JFH1 based recombinant hepatitis C virus produces high levels of infectious particles but causes increased cell death SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; intragenotypic recombinant; JFH; cell death ID CORE PROTEIN; RNA REPLICATION; EFFICIENT REPLICATION; FULMINANT-HEPATITIS; MOLECULAR CLONE; UNITED-STATES; HUH-7 CELLS; GENOTYPE 2A; IN-VITRO; CULTURE AB The full-length hepatitis C virus (HCV)JFH1 genome (genotype 2a) produces moderate titers of infectious particles Received 6 February 2008 in cell culture but the optimal determinants required for virion production are unclear. It has been shown that intragenotypic recombinants encoding core to NS2 from J6CF in the context of JFH1 are more robust in the release of viral particles. To understand the contributions of structural and nonstructural genes to HCV replication potential and infectivity, we have characterized intragenotypic recombinant genotype 2a viruses with different portions of the J6 isolate engineered into the JFH1 infectious clone. All genomes produced high levels of intracellular HCV RNA and NS3 protein in Huh-7.5 transfected cells. However, JFH1 genomes containing J6 sequences from C to E2 (CE2) or C to p7 (Cp7) secreted up to 100-fold more infectious HCV particles than the parental JFH1 clone. Subsequent infection of naive Huh-7.5 cells with each of the J6/JFH1 recombinants at a multiplicity of infection of 0.0003 resulted in high viral titers only for CE2 and Cp7 viruses. Comparison of virion production by the Cp7 J6/JFH1 recombinant to previously described J6/JFH1 recombinants showed flexibility of the chimeric junction. Moreover, NTRNS2 a chimeric virus equivalent to the previously reported FL-j6/JFH chimera, showed a 10-fold enhancement of virus titers compared to CNS2. NTRNS2 differs from CNS2 by three nucleotide differences residing in the 5' NTR and core coding sequence and all three nucleotide changes were necessary for increased virion production. Importantly, cells producing Cp7 virus showed increased apoptosis compared with JFH1, an effect correlating with virion production. These studies begin to unravel requirements for robust virus replication and the relationship between increased virion production and host cell viability. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mateu, Guaniri; Grakoui, Arash] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Virol & Vaccines Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wakita, Takaji] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 2, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. [Bukh, Jens] Univ Copenhagen Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. [Bukh, Jens] Univ Copenhagen Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. [Bukh, Jens] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Int Hlth Immunol & Microbiol, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Bukh, Jens] NIAID, Hepatitis Viruses Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Grakoui, A (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM arash.grakoui@emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR000165, RR-00165, P51 RR000165-48]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI050409, AI052448, AI070101, P30 AI050409-07, R01 AI070101, R01 AI070101-01, R21 AI052448, R21 AI052448-01A1, R56 AI070101]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK083356] NR 50 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL 5 PY 2008 VL 376 IS 2 BP 397 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.03.027 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 313CG UT WOS:000256718100016 PM 18455749 ER PT J AU Lee, AM Rojek, JM Spiropoulou, CF Gundersen, AT Jin, W Shaginian, A York, J Nunberg, JH Boger, DL Oldstone, MBA Kunz, S AF Lee, Andrew M. Rojek, Jillian M. Spiropoulou, Christina F. Gundersen, Anette T. Jin, Wei Shaginian, Alex York, Joanne Nunberg, Jack H. Boger, Dale L. Oldstone, Michael B. A. Kunz, Stefan TI Unique small molecule entry inhibitors of hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; PHASE COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES; STABLE SIGNAL PEPTIDE; LASSA FEVER; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; ALPHA-DYSTROGLYCAN; CELLULAR RECEPTOR; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); IMINODIACETIC ACID; PROTEIN-PROTEIN AB Viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by the arenaviruses Lassa virus in Africa and Machupo, Guanarito, Junin, and Sabia virus in South America are among the most devastating emerging human diseases with fatality rates of 15-35% and a limited antiviral therapeutic repertoire available. Here we used high throughput screening of synthetic combinatorial small molecule libraries to identify inhibitors of arenavirus infection using pseudotyped virion particles bearing the glycoproteins (GPs) of highly pathogenic arenaviruses. Our screening efforts resulted in the discovery of a series of novel small molecule inhibitors of viral entry that are highly active against both Old World and New World hemorrhagic arenaviruses. We observed potent inhibition of infection of human and primate cells with live hemorrhagic arenaviruses (IC50 = 500-800 nM). Investigations of the mechanism of action revealed that the candidate compounds efficiently block pH-dependent fusion by the arenavirus GPs (IC50 of 200-350 nM). Although our lead compounds were potent against phylogenetically distant arenaviruses, they did not show activity against other enveloped viruses with class I viral fusion proteins, indicating specificity for arenavirus GP-mediated membrane fusion. C1 [Kunz, Stefan] Univ Hosp Ctr, Inst Microbiol, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Kunz, Stefan] Univ Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Lee, Andrew M.; Rojek, Jillian M.; Gundersen, Anette T.; Oldstone, Michael B. A.; Kunz, Stefan] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol & Microbial Sci, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Jin, Wei; Shaginian, Alex; Boger, Dale L.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Oldstone, Michael B. A.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Infectol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Spiropoulou, Christina F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [York, Joanne; Nunberg, Jack H.] Univ Montana, Montana Biotechnol Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Kunz, S (reprint author), Univ Hosp Ctr, Inst Microbiol, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM Stefan.Kunz@chuv.ch RI Lee, Andrew/G-5470-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA78045]; NIAID NIH HHS [1U54 AI065359, AI55540, R01 AI074818] NR 44 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 283 IS 27 BP 18734 EP 18742 DI 10.1074/jbc.M802089200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 319LR UT WOS:000257165600030 PM 18474596 ER PT J AU Lucchi, NW Tongren, JE Jain, V Nagpal, AC Kauth, CW Woehlbier, U Bujard, H Dash, AP Singh, N Stiles, JK Udhayakumar, V AF Lucchi, Naomi W. Tongren, Jon Eric Jain, Vidhan Nagpal, Avinash C. Kauth, Christian W. Woehlbier, Ute Bujard, Hermann Dash, Aditya P. Singh, Neeru Stiles, Jonathan K. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam TI Antibody responses to the merozoite surface protein-1 complex in cerebral malaria patients in India SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PROTECTS AOTUS MONKEYS; HIGHLY ENDEMIC AREA; C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; HUMORAL RESPONSE; 19-KILODALTON DOMAIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; KENYAN CHILDREN; IN-VITRO AB Background: Plasmodium falciparum infection causes cerebral malaria (CM) in a subset of patients with anti-malarial treatment protecting only about 70% to 80% of patients. Why a subset of malaria patients develops CM complications, including neurological sequelae or death, is still not well understood. It is believed that host immune factors may modulate CM outcomes and there is substantial evidence that cellular immune factors, such as cytokines, play an important role in this process. In this study, the potential relationship between the antibody responses to the merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1 complex (which consists of four fragments namely: MSP-1(83), MSP-1(30), MSP-1(38) and MSP-1(42)), MSP-6(36) and MSP-7(22) and CM was investigated. Methods: Peripheral blood antibody responses to recombinant antigens of the two major allelic forms of MSP-1 complex, MSP-6(36) and MSP-7(22) were compared between healthy subjects, mild malaria patients (MM) and CM patients residing in a malaria endemic region of central India. Total IgG and IgG subclass antibody responses were determined using ELISA method. Results: The prevalence and levels of IgG and its subclasses in the plasma varied for each antigen. In general, the prevalence of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG3 was higher in the MM patients and lower in CM patients compared to healthy controls. Significantly lower levels of total IgG antibodies to the MSP-1(f38), IgG1 levels to MSP-1(d83), MSP-1(19) and MSP-6(36) and IgG3 levels to MSP-1(f42) and MSP-7(22) were observed in CM patients as compared to MM patients. Conclusion: These results suggest that there may be some dysregulation in the generation of antibody responses to some MSP antigens in CM patients and it is worth investigating further whether perturbations of antibody responses in CM patients contribute to pathogenesis. C1 [Lucchi, Naomi W.; Tongren, Jon Eric; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Coordina, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jain, Vidhan; Singh, Neeru] Indian Council Med Res, Reg Med Res Ctr Tribals, Natl Inst Malaria Res, Jabalpur, India. [Nagpal, Avinash C.] Nethaji Subash Chandra Bose Med Coll, Jabalpur, India. [Kauth, Christian W.; Woehlbier, Ute; Bujard, Hermann] Univ Heidelberg, ZMBH, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Stiles, Jonathan K.] Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Coordina, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM frd9@cdc.gov; Tongren@maine.gov; vidhanjain78@yahoo.com; nagpal_avinash@yahoo.com; C.Kauth@gdels.de; uwoehlbier@yahoo.de; h.bujard@zmbh.uni-heidelberg.de; apdash2@rediffmail.com; neeru.singh@gmail.com; jstiles@msm.edu; vxu0@cdc.gov FU FIC NIH HHS [R21 TW006804, R21-TW006804-02S1]; NCRR NIH HHS [G12 RR003034, RR03034]; NIGMS NIH HHS [SO6GM08248, S06 GM008248] NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 121 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-121 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 337KI UT WOS:000258434600001 PM 18601721 ER PT J AU Marin, M Quinlisk, P Shimabukuro, T Sawhney, C Brown, C LeBaron, CW AF Marin, Mona Quinlisk, Patricia Shimabukuro, Tom Sawhney, Charu Brown, Cedric LeBaron, Charles W. TI Mumps vaccination coverage and vaccine effectiveness in a large outbreak among college students - Iowa, 2006 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE mumps; mumps vaccine; mumps outbreak; vaccine effectiveness; MMR vaccine ID VIRUS; POPULATION; EFFICACY; IMMUNITY; FAILURE; MEASLES AB Following implementation of a routine childhood two-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccination strategy, mumps disease levels dropped dramatically in the US and an elimination goal was set for 2010. However, a 2006 epidemic involved >5700 cases nationwide, with many reported among fully vaccinated college students. In an outbreak in two Iowa colleges, we investigated: (1) vaccination coverage using electronic records verified by provider records and (2) vaccine effectiveness assessed by comparison of dose-specific attack rates. Mumps was classified as typical (parotitis/orchitis) or atypical (parotid tenderness or submandibular/sublingual adenitis). Two-dose mumps vaccination coverage was 90% both for the student population (2128/2363) and case-students (97/108). Two-dose vaccine effectiveness was 76-88% with no significant difference for attack rates between one and two doses. Among two-dose vaccine recipients, 74% of the population (1482/2009) and 79% of the case-students (75/95) had received the second dose >10 years before. A large mumps outbreak occurred despite high two-dose vaccination coverage in a population most of whom had received the second dose >10 years before. Two-dose vaccine effectiveness was similar to previous one-dose estimates. Further studies are needed to examine the persistence of two-dose mumps vaccine-induced immunity and to determine whether US mumps elimination can be achieved with the current vaccination strategy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Marin, Mona; Brown, Cedric; LeBaron, Charles W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Quinlisk, Patricia] Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. [Shimabukuro, Tom] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shimabukuro, Tom] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sawhney, Charu] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, John Sealy Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. [Sawhney, Charu] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, John Sealy Hosp, Dept Prevent Med, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. [Sawhney, Charu] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, John Sealy Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Marin, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-47, Atlanta, GA USA. EM mmarin@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 29-30 BP 3601 EP 3607 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.04.075 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 326HK UT WOS:000257649000008 PM 18539365 ER PT J AU Gordon, NP Wortley, PM Singleton, JA Lin, TY Bardenheier, BH AF Gordon, Nancy P. Wortley, Pascale M. Singleton, James A. Lin, Teresa Y. Bardenheier, Barbara H. TI Race/ethnicity and validity of self-reported pneumococcal vaccination SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; ELDERLY OUTPATIENTS; INFLUENZA; IMMUNIZATION; DISPARITIES; PREVENTION; VALIDATION AB Background: National and state surveys show large disparities in pneumococcal vaccination status among Whites, Blacks and Latinos aged >= 65. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is any difference in the validity of self-report for pneumococcal vaccination by race/ethnicity that might contribute to the substantial disparities observed in population-level coverage estimates. Methods: Self-reported vaccination status was compared with medical record documentation for samples of White, Black, and Latino members of a large health plan to examine whether differences in validity of self-report contribute to observed disparities. Results: Sensitivity was significantly lower for Blacks (0.849, 95% CI 0.818 - 0.876) and Latinos (0.869, 95% CI 0.847 - 0.889) than for Whites (0.931 95% CI 0.918 - 0.942). Specificity was somewhat higher for Blacks than for Latinos and Whites, but the differences were not statistically significant. Coverage for Whites, Blacks and Latinos, respectively, was 84.3%, 73.5%, and 82.3% based on self-report, but 74.8%, 71.9%, and 84.2% based on medical records. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that differential self- report error, i.e., summative effect of over-reporting and under-reporting within a race-ethnic group, may contribute to the size and direction of race-ethnic disparities in pneumococcal vaccination observed in surveys. C1 [Gordon, Nancy P.; Lin, Teresa Y.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Wortley, Pascale M.; Singleton, James A.; Bardenheier, Barbara H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gordon, NP (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM nancy.gordon@kp.org; PWortley@cdc.gov; JSingleton@cdc.gov; teresa.y.lin@dor.kaiser.org; BBardenheier@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 227 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-227 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 328MP UT WOS:000257802800001 PM 18598363 ER PT J AU Mascola, L Terashita, D Salzman, MB Schnurr, D Yagi, S Padilla, T Verma, N Zheng, X Shulman, ST Harris, MU Gibson, R Funk, E Schmidt, T Westcott, M Robinson, C Burns, JP Khetsuriani, N Oberste, S Pallansch, M Fowlkes, A Wikswo, M Sircar, K AF Mascola, L. Terashita, D. Salzman, M. B. Schnurr, D. Yagi, S. Padilla, T. Verma, N. Zheng, X. Shulman, S. T. Harris, M. U. Gibson, R. Funk, E. Schmidt, T. Westcott, M. Robinson, C. Burns, J. P. Khetsuriani, N. Oberste, S. Pallansch, M. Fowlkes, A. Wikswo, M. Sircar, K. TI Increased detections and severe neonatal disease associated with coxsackievirus B1 infection - United States, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 553-556, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ENTEROVIRUS INFECTIONS C1 [Mascola, L.; Terashita, D.] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. [Salzman, M. B.] Kaiser Permanente W Los Angeles Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Schnurr, D.; Yagi, S.; Padilla, T.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Sacramento, CA USA. [Verma, N.; Zheng, X.; Shulman, S. T.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Childrens Mem Hosp, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Harris, M. U.] Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Gibson, R.] Maniilaq Hlth Ctr, Kotzebue, AK USA. [Funk, E.] Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Schmidt, T.; Westcott, M.] Alaska State Virol Lab, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Robinson, C.] Childrens Hosp, Aurora, CO USA. [Burns, J. P.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Burns, J. P.] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Khetsuriani, N.; Oberste, S.; Pallansch, M.; Fowlkes, A.; Wikswo, M.; Sircar, K.] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Khetsuriani, N.; Oberste, S.; Pallansch, M.; Fowlkes, A.; Wikswo, M.; Sircar, K.] CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mascola, L (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 1 BP 36 EP 38 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 320NW UT WOS:000257242800011 ER PT J AU Beck, EJ Santas, XM Delay, PR AF Beck, Eduard J. Santas, Xenophon M. DeLay, Paul R. TI Why and how to monitor the cost and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HIV services in countries SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE cost and cost-effectiveness; HIV information systems; Millennium Development Goals; monitoring and evaluation; strategic information; universal access ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTION; CARE AB Then umber of people in the world living with HIV is increasing as H I V-related mortality has declined but the annual number of people newly infected with HIV has not. The international response to contain the HIV pandemic, meanwhile, has grown. Since 2006, an international commitment to scale Up prevention, treatment, care and support services in middle and lower-income Countries by 2010 has been part of the Universal Access programme, which itself plays an important part in achieving the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. Apart from providing technical support, donor countries and agencies have substantially increased their funding to enable countries to scale up HIV services. Many countries have been developing their HIV monitoring and evaluation systems to generate the strategic information required to track their response and ensure the best use of the new funds. Financial information is an important aspect of the strategic information required for scaling up existing services as well as assessing the effect of new ones. It involves two components: tracking the money available and spent on HIV at all levels, through budget tracking, national health accounts and national AIDS spending assessments, and estimating the cost and efficiency of HIV services. The cost of service provision should be monitored over time, whereas evaluations of the cost-effectiveness of services are required periodically; both should be part of any country's HIV monitoring and evaluation system. This paper provides country examples of the complementary relationship between monitoring the cost of HIV services and evaluating their cost-effectiveness. It also summarizes global initiatives that enable countries to develop their own HIV monitoring and evaluation systems and to generate relevant, robust and up-to-date strategic information. (C) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Beck, Eduard J.; DeLay, Paul R.] UNAIDS, Evidence Monitoring & Policy Dept, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Santas, Xenophon M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beck, EJ (reprint author), UNAIDS, Evidence Monitoring & Policy Dept, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM becke@unaids.org NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 2008 VL 22 SU 1 BP S75 EP S85 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 342CH UT WOS:000258761700011 PM 18664958 ER PT J AU Adje-Toure, C Hanson, DL Talla-Nzussouo, N Borget, MY Kouadio, LY Tossou, O Fassinou, P Bissagnene, E Kadio, A Nolan, ML Nkengasong, JN AF Adje-Toure, Christiane Hanson, Debra L. Talla-Nzussouo, N. Borget, Marie-Yolande Kouadio, Leonard Ya Tossou, Odette Fassinou, Patricia Bissagnene, Emmanuel Kadio, Auguste Nolan, Monica L. Nkengasong, John N. TI Virologic and immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy and predictors of HIV type 1 drug resistance in children receiving treatment in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN; OUTCOMES; INFANTS; ASSAYS; AGE AB We describe changes in HIV-1 viral load, CD4(+) T cell percentage, and incidence of drug resistance and factors associated with drug resistance for 134 children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for approximately 1 year in Abidjan. Between August 1998 and September 2003, ART was initiated for 395 HIV-infected children ages 0 - 15 years in the Cote d'Ivoire national drug access initiative. All 1-year samples with detectable HIV RNA > 1000 copies/ml were tested for HIV-1 drug resistance and changes in viral load and CD4(+) T cell counts were also determined. At treatment initiation, 80% of children had CD4(+) T cell percentages < 15% and a median viral RNA load of 5.6 log copies/ml. The median age at treatment initiation was 7 years with only 25% of patients less than 4 years of age. Of the 134 children receiving therapy, 72 (54%) had undetectable viral load. The estimated 1-year viral load decline was 1.9 log(10) copies/ml and the CD4(+) T cell percentage increase was 10.9%. The estimated 1-year cumulative probability for developing any class of drug resistance was 0.44 (95% CI, 0.35, 0.53). In a multivariate analysis, the magnitude of virologic response to therapy was inversely associated with development of drug resistance. Children with less CD4(+) T cell rise from baseline values and the use of dual therapy were also associated with the development of drug resistance. Guidelines are needed for the treatment of pediatric HIV infection in Africa in order to minimize the occurrence of drug resistance and enhance better virologic, immunologic, and clinical outcomes. C1 [Nkengasong, John N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Lab Branch, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Adje-Toure, Christiane; Talla-Nzussouo, N.; Borget, Marie-Yolande; Kouadio, Leonard Ya; Tossou, Odette; Nolan, Monica L.; Nkengasong, John N.] Project RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Hanson, Debra L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nolan, Monica L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Lab Branch, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcn5@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 7 BP 911 EP 917 DI 10.1089/aid.2007.0264 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 335PH UT WOS:000258302000003 PM 18593341 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Botto, LD Gallagher, M Friedman, JM Sanders, CL Koontz, D Nikolova, S Erickson, JD Steinberg, K AF Yang, Quan-He Botto, Lorenzo D. Gallagher, Margaret Friedman, J. M. Sanders, Christopher L. Koontz, Deborah Nikolova, Stanimila Erickson, J. David Steinberg, Karen TI Prevalence and effects of gene-gene and gene-nutrient interactions on serum folate and serum total homocysteine concentrations in the United States: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey DNA Bank SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; METHIONINE SYNTHASE REDUCTASE; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; FRAMINGHAM OFFSPRING COHORT; PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; STROKE PREVENTION; VITAMIN STATUS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AB Background: Abnormalities of folate and homocysteine metabolism are associated with a number of pediatric and adult disorders. Folate intake and genetic polymorphisms encoding folate-metabolizing enzymes influence blood folate and homocysteine concentrations, but the effects and interactions of these factors have not been studied on a population-wide basis. Objective: The objective was to assess the prevalence of these genetic polymorphisms and their relation to serum folate and homocysteine concentrations. Design: DNA samples from 6793 participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) during 1991-1994 were genotyped for polymorphisms of genes coding for folate pathway enzymes 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C-->T and 1298A-->C, methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) 66A-->G, and cystathionine-beta-synthase 844ins68. The influence of these genetic variants on serum folate and homocysteine concentrations was analyzed by age, sex, and folate intake in 3 race-ethnicity groups. Results: For all race-ethnicity groups, serum folate and homocysteine concentrations were significantly related to the MTHFR 677C-->T genotype but not to the other polymorphisms. Persons with the MTHFR 677 TT genotype had a 22.1% (95% CI: 14.6%, 28.9%) lower serum folate and a 25.7% (95% CI: 18.6%, 33.2%) higher homocysteine concentration than did persons with the CC genotype. Moderate daily folic acid intake (mean: 150 mu g/d;95% CI: 138,162) significantly reduced the difference in mean homocysteine concentrations between those with the MTHFR 677 CC and TT genotypes. We found a significant interaction between MTHFR 677C-->T and MTRR 66A-->G on serum homocysteine concentrations among non-Hispanic whites. Conclusions: The MTHFR 677C-->T polymorphism was associated with significant differences in serum folate and homocysteine concentrations in the US population before folic acid fortification. The effect of MTHFR 677C--->T on homocysteine concentrations was reduced by moderate daily folic acid intake. C1 [Yang, Quan-He] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gallagher, Margaret; Koontz, Deborah; Nikolova, Stanimila] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Steinberg, Karen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Botto, Lorenzo D.] Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Friedman, J. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Sanders, Christopher L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Harris Corp, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM qay0@cdc.gov NR 79 TC 81 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 88 IS 1 BP 232 EP 246 PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 326FH UT WOS:000257643300031 PM 18614746 ER PT J AU Lin, S Munsie, JPW Herdt-Losavio, ML Bell, E Druschel, C Romitti, PA Olney, R AF Lin, Shao Munsie, Jean Pierre W. Herdt-Losavio, Michele L. Bell, Erin Druschel, Charlotte Romitti, Paul A. Olney, Richard CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Maternal asthma medication use and the risk of gastroschisis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anti-inflammatory agents; asthma; bronchodilator agents; gastroschisis ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; ABDOMINAL-WALL DEFECTS; PREGNANCY; DRUGS; EXPOSURES; OUTCOMES; WOMEN AB The objective of this study was to examine the association between maternal asthma medication use during the periconceptional period and the risk of gastroschisis. In this case-control study, the authors used data on deliveries enrolled in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2002) from eight collaborating centers. The cases included 381 infants with isolated gastroschisis, and the controls were 4,121 liveborn infants without malformations. The asthma medications used during the periconceptional period (1 month prepregnancy through the third pregnancy month) were divided into two groups, antiinflammatory and bronchodilator, and analyzed separately. Users of multiple asthma medications during the periconceptional period were also examined. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals while controlling for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, folic acid/vitamin use, and other vasoactive medications. Maternal bronchodilator use showed an elevated statistically significant risk of gastroschisis (adjusted odds ratio = 2.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 3.59). No significant association was found between maternal use of asthma antiinflammatory medications and gastroschisis. Because information on maternal asthma status/severity was not available, the effects of disease on the risk of gastroschisis cannot be ruled out. Additional research is needed in determining whether a real risk exists and for guiding asthma treatment. C1 [Lin, Shao; Munsie, Jean Pierre W.; Herdt-Losavio, Michele L.; Druschel, Charlotte] New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Ctr Environm Hlth, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bell, Erin] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Rensselaer, NY USA. [Romitti, Paul A.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Olney, Richard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lin, S (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Ctr Environm Hlth, 547 River St,Room 200, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM sxl05@health.state.ny.us RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; OI Lin, Shao/0000-0002-5535-7504 FU NCBDD CDC HHS [U50 DD713238]; PHS HHS [U50CCU213244] NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn098 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 316VC UT WOS:000256976800010 PM 18436535 ER PT J AU Stojiljkovic, D Haralanova, M Nikogosian, H Petrea, I Chauvin, J Warren, CW Jones, NR Asma, S AF Stojiljkovic, Djordje Haralanova, Maria Nikogosian, Haik Petrea, Ionela Chauvin, James Warren, Charles W. Jones, Nathan R. Asma, Samira TI Prevalence of tobacco use among students aged 13-15 years in the south-eastern Europe health network SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE tobacco; students; surveillance ID YOUTH AB Objective: To examine adolescent tobacco use among members of the South-Eastern Europe (SEE) Health Network using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). Methods: Nationally representative samples were drawn from students in grades associated with youth aged 13 to 15 in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Republic of Moldova, Romania, and Serbia. Results: Current cigarette smoking rates among students ranged from 5.6% to 33.1%. Current use of tobacco products other than cigarettes ranged from 3.6% to 10.2%. Conclusions: If effective programs are not developed, implemented, and enforced, morbidity and mortality attributed to tobacco use will surely increase. C1 [Stojiljkovic, Djordje] Minist Hlth Republ Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. [Haralanova, Maria] WHO, Reg Counselor S E Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Petrea, Ionela] WHO, Reg Off Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Chauvin, James] Canadian Publ Hlth Assoc, Global Hlth Programs, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Warren, Charles W.; Jones, Nathan R.; Asma, Samira] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Tobacco Control Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Warren, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Tobacco Control Program, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS-K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 438 EP 445 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 332KM UT WOS:000258081900011 PM 18092904 ER PT J AU Armour, BS Pitts, MM Lee, CW AF Armour, Brian S. Pitts, M. Melinda Lee, Chung-Won TI Cigarette smoking and food insecurity among low-income families in the United States, 2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE food security; smoking; poverty; prevention research ID CHILD HUNGER; CANADA AB Purpose. To quantify the association between food insecurity and smoking among low-income families. Design and Setting. A retrospective study using data from the 2001 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), a longitudinal study of a representative sample of U.S. men, women, and children and the family units in which they reside. Subjects. Low-income families. Measures. Family income was linked with U.S. poverty thresholds to identify 2099 families living near or below 200% of the federal poverty level. Food insecurity (i.e., having insufficient funds to purchase enough food to maintain an active and healthy lifestyle) was calculated from the 18-core-item food security module of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Current smoking status was determined. Results. Smoking prevalence was higher among tow-income families who were food insecure compared with low-income families who were food secure (43.6% vs. 31.9%; p <.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that smoking was associated with an increase in food insecurity of approximately six percentage points (p <. 01). Conclusions. Given our finding that families near the federal poverty level spend a large share of their income on cigarettes, perhaps it would be prudent for food-assistance and tobacco-control programs to work together to help low-income people quit smoking. C1 [Armour, Brian S.; Lee, Chung-Won] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Pitts, M. Melinda] Fed Reserve Bank Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Armour, BS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM barmour@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 386 EP 392 DI 10.4278/ajhp.22.6.386 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 323KZ UT WOS:000257446300004 PM 18677878 ER PT J AU Janssens, ACJW Gwinn, M Bradley, LA Oostra, BA van Duijn, CM Khoury, MJ AF Janssens, A. Cecile J. W. Gwinn, Marta Bradley, Linda A. Oostra, Ben A. van Duijn, Cornelia M. Khoury, Muin J. TI Personalized genetics: A responsible approach - Reply to Stephan et al. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Letter C1 [Janssens, A. Cecile J. W.] Erasmus MC Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Med Ctr, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Oostra, Ben A.] Erasmus MC Univ, Dept Clin Genet, Med Ctr, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [van Duijn, Cornelia M.] Erasmus MC Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Med Ctr, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Gwinn, Marta; Bradley, Linda A.; Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Gen, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Janssens, ACJW (reprint author), Erasmus MC Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Med Ctr, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM a.janssens@erasmusmc.nl RI janssens, cecile/L-1075-2015; OI Janssens, A Cecile/0000-0002-6153-4976 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 83 IS 1 BP 131 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.06.012 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 328FO UT WOS:000257784000019 ER PT J AU Gu, QP Burt, VL Paulose-Ram, R Dillon, CF AF Gu, Qiuping Burt, Vicki L. Paulose-Ram, Ryne Dillon, Charles F. TI Gender differences in hypertension treatment, drug utilization patterns, and blood pressure control among US adults with hypertension: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article ID ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; UNITED-STATES; ELDERLY-WOMEN; OUTCOMES; METAANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; AWARENESS; DISEASE; CANADA AB BACKGROUND National guidelines recommend the same approach for treating hypertensive men and women. It is not known, however, whether current US antihypertensive medication utilization patterns and the resulting degrees of blood pressure (BP) control are similar or different among hypertensive women and men. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of the noninstitutionalized civilian US population. Persons aged >= 18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 were classified as hypertensive based on a BP >= 140/90 mm Hg, currently taking antihypertensive medication, or having been diagnosed by a physician. RESULTS Among hypertensives, the prevalence of anti hypertensive medication use was significantly higher among women than men (61.4% vs. 56.8%), especially among middle-aged persons (40-49 years, 53.1 % vs. 42.7%) and among non-Hispanic blacks (65.5% vs. 54.6%). Also, treated women were more likely than men to use diuretics (31.6% vs. 22.3%) and angiotensin receptor blockers (11.3% vs. 8.7%). Among treated hypertensives, the proportion taking three or more anti hypertensive drugs was lower among women than men, especially among older persons (60-69 years: 12.3% vs. 19.8%, 70-79 years: 18.6% vs. 21.2%, and >= 80 years: 18.8% vs. 22.8%). Only 44.8% of treated women achieved BP control vs. 51.1 % of treated men. CONCLUSIONS Hypertensive women are significantly more likely to be treated than men, but less likely to have achieved BP control. Additional efforts may be needed to achieve therapeutic goals for the US hypertensive population, especially for hypertensive women. C1 [Gu, Qiuping; Burt, Vicki L.; Paulose-Ram, Ryne; Dillon, Charles F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gu, QP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM qag3@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0895-7061 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 21 IS 7 BP 789 EP 798 DI 10.1038/ajh.2008.185 PG 10 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 313BR UT WOS:000256716600018 PM 18451806 ER PT J AU Chu, SY Callaghan, WM Kim, SY AF Chu, Susan Y. Callaghan, William M. Kim, Shin Y. TI Follow-up in obese pregnant women to prevent stillbirth - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Chu, Susan Y.; Callaghan, William M.; Kim, Shin Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chu, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 199 IS 1 BP E18 EP E18 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.02.038 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 320AD UT WOS:000257205200043 ER PT J AU Pearce, BD Garvin, SE Grove, J Bonney, EA Dudley, DJ Schendel, DE Thorsen, P AF Pearce, Brad D. Garvin, Sicily E. Grove, Jakob Bonney, Elizabeth A. Dudley, Donald J. Schendel, Diana E. Thorsen, Poul TI Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the prediction of preterm delivery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the Psychoneuroimmunology-Research-Society CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2007-2008 CL Arcachon, FRANCE SP Psychoneuroimmunol Res Soc DE cortisol; cytokine; macrophage migration inhibitory factor; pregnancy; preterm birth ID HUMAN FETAL MEMBRANES; INDUCED INCREASES; BIRTH; MIF; NEUROENDOCRINE; EXPRESSION; PREGNANCY; PREECLAMPSIA; INFLAMMATION; PARTURITION AB OBJECTIVE: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a soluble mediator that helps govern the interaction between cytokines and stress hormones (eg, cortisol). We determined whether maternal macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels predicted subsequent preterm delivery. STUDY DESIGN: A nested case-control study measuring serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentration at 9-23 weeks' gestation in women who ultimately delivered preterm (n = 60) compared with control women who delivered at term (n = 122). We also examined the connection of macrophage migration inhibitory factor with self-reported psychosocial variables. RESULTS: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor was elevated in the preterm delivery cases (P = .0004), and log macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentration showed a graded response relationship with likelihood of preterm delivery. High-macrophage migration inhibitory factor was also associated with maternal risk-taking behavior, which itself was a risk factor for preterm delivery. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor remained associated independently with preterm delivery after adjusting regression models for several other preterm delivery risk factors (odds ratio, 3.11, 95% confidence interval, 1.54-6.30). CONCLUSION: High-serum macrophage migration inhibitory concentration in early to midpregnancy is linked with subsequent preterm delivery. C1 [Pearce, Brad D.; Garvin, Sicily E.] Emory Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Pearce, Brad D.] Emory Univ, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Grove, Jakob; Thorsen, Poul] Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Aarhus, Denmark. [Bonney, Elizabeth A.] Univ Vermont, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Burlington, VT USA. [Dudley, Donald J.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Schendel, Diana E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pearce, BD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Psychol, 532 N Kilgo Circle, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM bpearce@emory.edu OI Grove, Jakob/0000-0003-2284-5744 FU NIMH NIH HHS [R21 MH068513-03, 1-R21-MH068513, R21 MH068513, R21 MH068513-02, R21 MH068513-01]; PHS HHS [04-IPA05252] NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 199 IS 1 AR 46.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.11.066 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 320AD UT WOS:000257205200015 PM 18241824 ER PT J AU Robitaille, J Yoon, PW Moore, CA Liu, T Irizarry-Delacruz, M Looker, AC Khoury, MJ AF Robitaille, Julie Yoon, Paula W. Moore, Cynthia A. Liu, Tiebin Irizarry-Delacruz, Margarita Looker, Anne C. Khoury, Muin J. TI Prevalence, family history, and prevention of reported osteoporosis in US women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RISK-FACTORS; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; HIP FRACTURE; OLDER WOMEN; MASS; BEHAVIORS; KNOWLEDGE AB Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health concern and has been associated with a family history positive for the condition. However, data on the behaviors of individuals with such a family history are scarce. The objectives of this study were to assess the relationship between the prevalence of reported physician-diagnosed osteoporosis and family history in a representative sample of U.S. women, examine whether osteoporosis risk factors account for this relationship, and evaluate the likelihood that women at high risk of osteoporosis due to family history report preventive behaviors. Methods: The prevalence of reported osteoporosis was estimated in 8073 women aged >= 20 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. Information on osteoporosis in first-degree relatives and grandparents was obtained during interviews. Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis in participants was 7.94%. In 19.8% of them, a positive family history was reported and was significantly and independently associated with osteoporosis (AOR 2.35, 95% CI = 1.87, 2.96). This association was stronger when two or more relatives were affected (AOR 8.48, 95% CI = 4.50, 15.99). After stratification by age, the association was observed only in women aged >= 35 years. Women with a family history of osteoporosis were more likely than those with none to report preventive behavior, such as taking supplements of calcium, vitamin D, or both; physical activity; and estrogen use. Conclusions: These findings indicate that family history is a significant, independent risk factor for osteoporosis in U.S. women aged >= 35 years. Further studies are warranted to evaluate family history as a convenient and inexpensive tool for identifying women at risk of osteoporosis and for promoting the adoption of preventive behaviors. C1 [Robitaille, Julie] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yoon, Paula W.; Moore, Cynthia A.; Liu, Tiebin; Irizarry-Delacruz, Margarita; Khoury, Muin J.] CDC, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Looker, Anne C.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Robitaille, J (reprint author), Univ Laval, Inst Nutraceut & Funct Foods, Pavillon Serv, Room 2749,2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. EM julie.robitaille@fsaa.ulaval.ca RI Robitaille, Julie/O-4892-2016 OI Robitaille, Julie/0000-0001-7035-0477 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.027 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 317CL UT WOS:000256996900008 PM 18541176 ER PT J AU Baron, RC Rimer, BK Breslow, RA Coates, RJ Kerner, J Melillo, S Habarta, N Kalra, GP Chattopadhyay, S Wilson, KM Lee, NC Mullen, PD Coughlin, SS Briss, PA AF Baron, Roy C. Rimer, Barbara K. Breslow, Rosalind A. Coates, Ralph J. Kerner, Jon Melillo, Stephanie Habarta, Nancy Kalra, Geetika P. Chattopadhyay, Sajal Wilson, Katherine M. Lee, Nancy C. Mullen, Patricia Dolan Coughlin, Steven S. Briss, Peter A. CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Client-directed interventions to increase community demand for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; MANAGED CARE PLAN; GENERAL-PRACTICE; LOW-INCOME; MAMMOGRAPHY UTILIZATION; PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PATIENT REMINDERS AB Most major medical organizations recommend routine screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers. Screening can lead to early detection of these cancers, resulting in reduced mortality. Yet not A people who should be screened are screened, either regularly or, in some cases, ever. This report presents the results of systematic reviews of effectiveness, applicability, economic efficiency, barriers to implementation, and other banns or benefits of interventions designed to increase screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers by increasing community demand for these services. Evidence from these reviews indicates that screening for breast cancer (mammography) and cervical cancer (Pap test) has been effectively increased by use of client reminders, small media, and one-on-one education. Screening for colorectal cancer by fecal occult blood test has been increased effectively by use of client reminders and small media. Additional research is needed to determine whether client incentives, group education, and mass media are effective in increasing use of any of the three screening tests; whether one-on-one education increases screening for colorectal cancer; and whether any demand-enhancing interventions are effective in increasing the use of other colorectal cancer screening procedures (i.e., flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, double contrast barium enema). Specific areas for further research are also suggested in this report. C1 [Baron, Roy C.; Melillo, Stephanie; Habarta, Nancy; Kalra, Geetika P.; Chattopadhyay, Sajal; Briss, Peter A.] CDC, Community Guide Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Breslow, Rosalind A.; Coates, Ralph J.; Wilson, Katherine M.; Lee, Nancy C.; Coughlin, Steven S.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rimer, Barbara K.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kerner, Jon] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Mullen, Patricia Dolan] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. RP Baron, RC (reprint author), CDC, Community Guide Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rbaron@cdc.gov NR 161 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 SU S BP S34 EP S55 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.002 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 317CO UT WOS:000256997200008 PM 18541187 ER PT J AU Baron, RC Rimer, BK Coates, RJ Kerner, J Kalra, GP Melillo, S Habarta, N Wilson, KM Chattopadhyay, S Leeks, K AF Baron, Roy C. Rimer, Barbara K. Coates, Ralph J. Kerner, Jon Kalra, Geetika P. Melillo, Stephanie Habarta, Nancy Wilson, Katherine M. Chattopadhyay, Sajal Leeks, Kimberly CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Client-directed interventions to increase community access to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; OCCULT BLOOD-TEST; PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; REPEAT MAMMOGRAPHY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; GENERAL-PRACTICE; AMERICAN WOMEN; CLINICAL-TRIAL; EDUCATION; PREVALENCE AB Most major medical organizations recommend routine screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers. Screening can lead to early detection of these cancers, resulting in reduced mortality. Yet not all people who should be screened are screened, either regularly or, in some cases, ever. This report presents the results of systematic reviews of effectiveness, applicability, economic efficiency, barriers to implementation, and other harms or benefits of interventions designed to increase screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers by increasing community access to these services. Evidence from these reviews indicates that screening for breast cancer (by mammography) has been increased effectively by reducing structural barriers and by reducing out-of pocket client costs, and that screening for colorectal cancer (by fecal occult blood test) has been increased effectively by reducing structural barriers. Additional research is needed to determine whether screening for cervical cancer (by Pap test) can be increased by reducing structural barriers and by reducing out-of-pocket costs, whether screening for colorectal cancer (fecal occult blood test) can be increased by reducing out-of-pocket costs, and whether these interventions are effective in increasing the use of other colorectal cancer screening procedures (i.e., flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, double contrast barium enema). Specific areas for further research are also suggested in this report. C1 [Baron, Roy C.; Kalra, Geetika P.; Melillo, Stephanie; Habarta, Nancy; Chattopadhyay, Sajal; Leeks, Kimberly] CDC, Community Guide Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Coates, Ralph J.; Wilson, Katherine M.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rimer, Barbara K.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kerner, Jon] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Baron, RC (reprint author), CDC, Community Guide Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rbaron@cdc.gov OI Kerner, Jon/0000-0002-8792-3830 NR 41 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 SU S BP S56 EP S66 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.001 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 317CO UT WOS:000256997200009 PM 18541188 ER PT J AU Baron, RC Rimer, BK Coates, RJ Kerner, J Mullen, PD Chattopadhyay, S Briss, PA AF Baron, Roy C. Rimer, Barbara K. Coates, Ralph J. Kerner, Jon Mullen, Patricia Dolan Chattopadhyay, Sajal Briss, Peter A. CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Methods for conducting systematic reviews of evidence on effectiveness and economic efficiency of interventions to increase screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES C1 [Baron, Roy C.; Chattopadhyay, Sajal; Briss, Peter A.] CDC, Community Guide Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Coates, Ralph J.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rimer, Barbara K.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kerner, Jon] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Mullen, Patricia Dolan] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. RP Baron, RC (reprint author), CDC, Community Guide Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rbaron@cdc.gov OI Kerner, Jon/0000-0002-8792-3830 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 SU S BP S26 EP S33 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.003 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 317CO UT WOS:000256997200007 PM 18541185 ER PT J AU Baron, RC Mercer, SL AF Baron, Roy C. Mercer, Shawna L. CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Recommendations for client- and provider-directed interventions to increase breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS C1 [Baron, Roy C.] CDC, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Baron, RC (reprint author), CDC, Community Guide Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rbaron@cdc.gov; SMercer@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 SU S BP S21 EP S25 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.004 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 317CO UT WOS:000256997200006 ER PT J AU Breslow, RA Rimer, BK Baron, RC Coates, RJ Kerner, J Wilson, KM Lee, NC Mullen, PD Coughlin, SS Briss, PA AF Breslow, Rosalind A. Rimer, Barbara K. Baron, Roy C. Coates, Ralph J. Kerner, Jon Wilson, Katherine M. Lee, Nancy C. Mullen, Patricia Dolan Coughlin, Steven S. Briss, Peter A. TI Introducing the community guide's reviews of evidence on interventions to increase screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREVENT SKIN-CANCER; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; VACCINATION COVERAGE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; REDUCING EXPOSURE; SERVICES; RECOMMENDATIONS; STATEMENT; QUALITY; ADULTS C1 [Baron, Roy C.] CDC, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Breslow, Rosalind A.; Coates, Ralph J.; Wilson, Katherine M.; Lee, Nancy C.; Coughlin, Steven S.] Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kerner, Jon] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rimer, Barbara K.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Mullen, Patricia Dolan] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. RP Baron, RC (reprint author), CDC, Community Guide Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rbaron@cdc.gov OI Kerner, Jon/0000-0002-8792-3830 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 SU S BP S14 EP S20 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.005 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 317CO UT WOS:000256997200005 PM 18541183 ER PT J AU Sabatino, SA Habarta, N Baron, RC Coates, RJ Rimer, BK Kerner, J Coughlin, SS Kalra, GP Chattopadhyay, S AF Sabatino, Susan A. Habarta, Nancy Baron, Roy C. Coates, Ralph J. Rimer, Barbara K. Kerner, Jon Coughlin, Steven S. Kalra, Geetika P. Chattopadhyay, Sajal CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Interventions to increase recommendation and delivery of screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers by healthcare providers - Systematic reviews of provider assessment and feedback and provider incentives SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; PHYSICIAN COMPLIANCE; MAMMOGRAPHY; METAANALYSIS; PERSPECTIVE; POPULATION; GUIDELINES; MEDICINE; PERFORM; REPEAT AB Most major medical organizations recommend routine screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers. Screening can lead to early detection of these cancers, resulting in reduced mortality. Yet not all people who should be screened are screened, either regularly or, in some cases, ever. This report presents results of systematic reviews of effectiveness, applicability, economic efficiency, barriers to implementation, and other harms or benefits of two provider-directed intervention approaches to increase screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers. These approaches, provider assessment and feedback, and provider incentives encourage providers to deliver screening services at appropriate intervals. Evidence in these reviews indicates that provider assessment and feedback interventions can effectively increase screening by mammography, Pap test, and fecal occult blood test. Health plans, healthcare systems, and cancer control coalitions should consider such evidence-based findings when implementing interventions to increase screening use. Evidence was insufficient to determine the effectiveness of provider incentives in increasing use of any of these tests. Specific areas for further research are Suggested in this report, including the need for additional research to determine whether provider incentives are effective in increasing use of any of these screening tests, and whether assessment and feedback interventions are effective in increasing other tests for colorectal cancer (i.e., flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, or double-contrast barium enema). C1 [Sabatino, Susan A.; Coates, Ralph J.; Coughlin, Steven S.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Habarta, Nancy; Baron, Roy C.; Kalra, Geetika P.; Chattopadhyay, Sajal] CDC, Community Guide Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rimer, Barbara K.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kerner, Jon] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sabatino, SA (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS K-53, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SSabatino@cdc.gov OI Kerner, Jon/0000-0002-8792-3830 NR 47 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 SU S BP S67 EP S74 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 317CO UT WOS:000256997200010 PM 18541190 ER PT J AU Li, FZ Harmer, P Glasgow, R Mack, KA Sleet, D Fisher, J Kohn, MA Millet, LM Mead, J Xu, JH Lin, ML Yang, TZ Sutton, B Tompkins, Y AF Li, Fuzhong Harmer, Peter Glasgow, Russell Mack, Karin A. Sleet, David Fisher, John Kohn, Melvin A. Millet, Lisa M. Mead, Jennifer Xu, Junheng Lin, Mei-Li Yang, Tingzhong Sutton, Beth Tompkins, Yvaughn TI Translation of an effective tai chi intervention into a community-based falls-prevention program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; OLDER-ADULTS; PHYSICAL FUNCTION; ELDERLY PATIENTS; METAANALYSIS; EXERCISE; INJURIES; BALANCE AB Tai Chi-Moving for Better Balance, a falls-prevention program developed from a randomized controlled trial for community-based use, was evaluated with the RE-AIM framework in 6 community centers. The program had a 100% adoption rate and 87% reach into the target older adult population. All centers implemented the intervention with good fidelity, and participants showed significant improvements in health-related outcome measures. This evidence-based tai chi program is practical to disseminate and can be effectively implemented and maintained in community settings. C1 [Li, Fuzhong; Fisher, John] Oregon Res Inst, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Harmer, Peter] Willamette Univ, Dept Exercise Sci, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Glasgow, Russell] Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Penrose, CO USA. [Mack, Karin A.; Sleet, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kohn, Melvin A.; Millet, Lisa M.; Mead, Jennifer] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Xu, Junheng] Coach Xu Inst, King Cty, WA USA. [Lin, Mei-Li] Natl Safety Council, Itasca, IL USA. [Yang, Tingzhong] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Tobacco Control Res, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Sutton, Beth] Willamalane Adult Act Ctr, Springfield, OR USA. [Tompkins, Yvaughn] Campbell Senior Ctr, Eugene, OR USA. RP Li, FZ (reprint author), Oregon Res Inst, 1715 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM fuzhongl@ori.org RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012; OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001; Li, Fuzhong/0000-0001-6644-4702 FU NCIPC CDC HHS [U49/CE000711, U49 CE000711] NR 24 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2008 VL 98 IS 7 BP 1195 EP 1198 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.120402 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 319ZE UT WOS:000257202700013 PM 18511723 ER PT J AU Thompson, KM Tebbens, RJD Pallansch, MA Kew, OM Sutter, RW Aylward, RB Watkins, M Gary, HE Alexander, J Jafari, H Cochi, SL AF Thompson, Kimberly M. Tebbens, Radboud J. Duintjer Pallansch, Mark A. Kew, Olen M. Sutter, Roland W. Aylward, R. Bruce Watkins, Margaret Gary, Howard E., Jr. Alexander, James Jafari, Hamid Cochi, Stephen L. TI The risks, costs, and benefits of possible future global policies for managing polioviruses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUS; UNITED-STATES; LABORATORY NETWORK; FREE WORLD; ERADICATION; POLIOMYELITIS; IMMUNIZATION; SURVEILLANCE; MANAGEMENT; OUTBREAKS AB Objectives. We assessed the costs, risks, and benefits of possible future major policy decisions on vaccination, surveillance, response plans, and containment following global eradication of wild polioviruses. Methods. We developed a decision analytic model to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and net benefits of risk management options for polio for the 20-year period and stratified the world according to income level to capture important variability between nations. Results. For low-, lower-middle-, and upper-middle-income groups currently using oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), we found that after successful eradication of wild polioviruses, OPV cessation would save both costs and lives when compared with continued use of OPV without supplemental immunization activities. We found cost-effectiveness ratios for switching from OPV to inactivated poliovirus vaccine to be higher (i.e., less desirable) than other health investment opportunities, depending on the actual inactivated poliovirus vaccine costs and assumptions about whether supplemental immunization activities with OPV would continue. Conclusions. Eradication promises billions of dollars of net benefits, although global health policy leaders face difficult choices about future policies. Until successful eradication and coordination of posteradication policies, health authorities should continue routine polio vaccination and supplemental immunization activities. C1 [Thompson, Kimberly M.; Tebbens, Radboud J. Duintjer] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kids Risk Project, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Pallansch, Mark A.; Kew, Olen M.; Watkins, Margaret; Gary, Howard E., Jr.; Alexander, James; Cochi, Stephen L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sutter, Roland W.; Aylward, R. Bruce] WHO, Polio Eradicat Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Jafari, Hamid] WHO, Natl Polio Surveillance Project, New Delhi, India. RP Thompson, KM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kids Risk Project, 667 Huntington Ave,3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kimt@hsph.harvard.edu FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-0675]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 69 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2008 VL 98 IS 7 BP 1322 EP 1330 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.122192 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 319ZE UT WOS:000257202700033 PM 18511720 ER PT J AU Davis, XM MacDonald, S Borwein, S Freedman, DO Kozarsky, PE Von Sonnenburg, F Keystone, JS Lim, PL Marano, N AF Davis, Xiaohong M. MacDonald, Susan Borwein, Sarah Freedman, David O. Kozarsky, Phyllis E. Von Sonnenburg, Frank Keystone, Jay S. Lim, Poh Lian Marano, Nina CA GeoSentinel Surveillance Network TI Short report: Health risks in travelers to China: The GeoSentinel experience and implications for the 2008 Beijing Olympics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE NETWORK; RETURNED TRAVELERS; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; INFLUENZA; RABIES AB Selected data collected for travelers to China from 1998 through November 2007 by the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network were used to provide an evidence base for prioritizing recommendations for Olympic and other future travelers to China. Respiratory illness and injuries were common among patients seen during their travel; acute diarrhea and dog bites were common among those seen after travel. Tropical and parasitic diseases were rare. Pre-travel consultation for China travelers should be individualized according to these findings. C1 [Davis, Xiaohong M.; Marano, Nina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [MacDonald, Susan] Beijing United Family Hosp & Clin, Dept Primary Care, Beijing 100016, Peoples R China. [Freedman, David O.] Univ Alabama, Div Infect Dis, WC Gorgas Ctr Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Von Sonnenburg, Frank] Univ Munich, Dept Infect Dis & Trop Med, D-80799 Munich, Germany. [Keystone, Jay S.] Toronto Gen Hosp, Trop Dis Unit, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. [Lim, Poh Lian] Tan Tock Seng Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Singapore 308433, Singapore. RP Marano, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM xdavis@cdc.gov; susan.macdonald@ufh.com.cn; stborwein@netvigator.com; freedman@uab.edu; pkozars@emory.edu; sonnenburg@lrz.uni-muenchen.de; jay.keystone@utoronto.ca; poh_lian_lim@ttsh.com.sg; nmarano@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU412347] NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 4 EP 8 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 322XD UT WOS:000257407700003 PM 18606756 ER PT J AU Gabitzsch, ES Vera-Tudela, R Eisen, RJ Bearden, SW Gage, KL Zeidner, NS AF Gabitzsch, Elizabeth S. Vera-Tudela, Rommelle Eisen, Rebecca J. Bearden, Scott W. Gage, Kenneth L. Zeidner, Nordin S. TI Short report: Development of a real-time quantitative PCR assay to enumerate Yersinia pestis in fleas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PLAGUE; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; CERATOPHYLLIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; SIPHONAPTERA; PULICIDAE; PATHOGENS; BACTERIAL; BLOOD AB A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed for Yersina pestis. The qPCR assay was developed utilizing a conserved region of the Y. pestis ferric iron uptake regulator gene (fur) to design primers and a fluorescent (FAM-labeled) TaqMan probe. The assay was optimized using cultured Y. pestis (UG05-0454) and was confirmed to work with strains from 3 Y. pestis biovars. The optimized assay was capable of detecting a single organism of cultured Y. pestis and as little as 300 bacteria in infected flea triturates. This qPCR assay enables rapid enumeration of Y. pestis bacterium in laboratory-infected fleas when compared with conventional serial dilution plating. C1 [Gabitzsch, Elizabeth S.; Vera-Tudela, Rommelle; Eisen, Rebecca J.; Bearden, Scott W.; Gage, Kenneth L.; Zeidner, Nordin S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Naz2@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 322XD UT WOS:000257407700018 PM 18606771 ER PT J AU Putnak, JR de La Barrera, R Burgess, T Pardo, J Dessy, F Gheysen, D Lobet, Y Green, S Endy, TP Thomas, SJ Eckels, KH Innis, BL Sun, W AF Putnak, J. Robert de la Barrera, Rafael Burgess, Timothy Pardo, Jorge Dessy, Francis Gheysen, Dirk Lobet, Yves Green, Sharone Endy, Timothy P. Thomas, Stephen J. Eckels, Kenneth H. Innis, Bruce L. Sun, Wellington TI Comparative evaluation of three assays for measurement of dengue virus neutralizing antibodies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; INFECTION; CELLS AB Plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) are commonly used for measuring levels of dengue virus (DENV) neutralizing antibodies. However, these assays lack a standardized format, generally have a low sample throughput, and are labor-intensive. The objective of the present study was to evaluate two alternative DENY neutralizing antibody assays: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based microneutralization (MN) assay, and a fluorescent antibody cell sorter-based, DC-SIGN expresser dendritic cell (DC) assay. False-positive rates, serotype specificity, reproducibility, sensitivity, and agreement among the assay methods were assessed using well-characterized but limited numbers of coded test sera. Results showed that all three assays had false-positive rates of less than 10% with titers near the cut-off and generally below the estimated limits of detection. All three methods demonstrated a high degree of specificity and good agreement when used to assay sera and serum mixtures from monovalent vaccinees and sera from patients after primary natural infection, with the only notable exception being moderate-to-high neutralizing antibody titers against DENV 2 measured by PRNT in a mixture containing only DENY 3 and DENV 4 sera. The MN and DC assays demonstrated good reproducibility. All three assays were comparable in their sensitivity, except that the PRNT was less sensitive for measuring DENV 4 antibody, and the MN and DC assays were less sensitive for measuring DENV 2 antibody. However, when used to test sera from persons after tetravalent DENV vaccination or secondary DENY infection, there was poor specificity and poor agreement among the different assays. C1 [Putnak, J. Robert; Thomas, Stephen J.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [de la Barrera, Rafael; Eckels, Kenneth H.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Regulated Activ, Pilot Bioprod Facil, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Burgess, Timothy] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pardo, Jorge] BD Biosci, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. [Dessy, Francis; Gheysen, Dirk; Lobet, Yves] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Global Vaccine Dev, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium. [Green, Sharone] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. [Endy, Timothy P.] SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Innis, Bruce L.] N Amer GlaxoSmithKline, Clin R&D & Med Affair Vaccines Virus Dis, King Of Prussia, PA USA. [Sun, Wellington] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Putnak, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Suite 3A12, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM robert.putnak@na.amedd.army.mil; rafael.delabarrera@na.amedd.army.mil; burgess.namru2@yahoo.com; Jorge_Pardo@bd.com; francis.dessy@gskbio.com; dirk.gheysen@gskbio.com; yves.lobet@gskbio.com; sharone.green@umassmed.edu; endyt@upstate.edu; stephen.thomas@na.amedd.army.mil; kenneth.eckels@amedd.army.mil; bruce.2.innis@gsk.com; wks4@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI34533] NR 16 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 322XD UT WOS:000257407700021 PM 18606774 ER PT J AU Ramos, MM Arguello, DF Luxemburger, C Quinones, L Munoz, JL Beatty, M Lang, J Tomashek, KM AF Ramos, Mary M. Argueello, D. Fermin Luxemburger, Christine Quinones, Luz Munoz, Jorge L. Beatty, Mark Lang, Jean Tomashek, Kay M. TI Epidemiological and clinical observations on patients with dengue in Puerto Rico: Results from the first year of enhanced surveillance - June 2005-May 2006 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; NICARAGUA; TIME AB From June 2005 to May 2006, a clinic-based enhanced surveillance system for dengue was implemented in a Puerto Rican municipality to provide a population-based measure of disease incidence and clinical outcomes. We obtained demographic and clinical information from suspected cases and performed serologic and virologic testing. We used World Health Organization (WHO) criteria to classify cases and applied a simplified case definition for severe dengue illness. There were 7.7 laboratory-positive cases of dengue per 1,000 population. The highest incidence, 13.4 per 1,000, was among 10 to 19 year olds. Of the 156 laboratory-positive cases, three patients (1.9%) met WHO criteria for dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 30 patients (19.2%) had at least one severe clinical manifestation of dengue infection. Our data suggest that in a community with endemic dengue, enhanced surveillance is useful for detecting symptomatic infections. Furthermore, the simplified case definition for severe dengue may be useful in clinic-based surveillance. C1 [Ramos, Mary M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Quinones, Luz; Munoz, Jorge L.; Tomashek, Kay M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. [Luxemburger, Christine] Sanofi Pasteur, F-69007 Lyon, France. [Beatty, Mark] SNU Res Pk, Seoul 151919, South Korea. [Lang, Jean] Sanofi Pasteur, F-69280 Marcy Letoile, France. RP Ramos, MM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Pediat, 300 San Mateo Blvd NE,Suite 902, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM mramos@salud.unm.edu NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 123 EP 127 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 322XD UT WOS:000257407700022 PM 18606775 ER PT J AU Vasilakis, N Durbin, AP da Rosa, APAT Munoz-Jordan, JL Tesh, RB Weaver, SC AF Vasilakis, Nikos Durbin, Anna P. da Rosa, Amelia P. A. Travassos Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L. Tesh, Robert B. Weaver, Scott C. TI Short report: Antigenic relationships between sylvatic and endemic dengue viruses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TYPE-4 VACCINE CANDIDATE; YELLOW-FEVER; RHESUS-MONKEYS; SENEGAL; SEROTYPES; FORMULATIONS; EMERGENCE; MOSQUITOS; NIGERIA; HUMANS AB Sylvatic dengue viruses (DENVs) are transmitted between non-human primates and arboreal Aedes spp. mosquitoes in Southeast Asia and west Africa. Recent evidence suggests that the risk for re-emergence of sylvatic DENV into the urban endemic/epidemic cycle may be high, which could limit the potential for eradicating the human transmission cycle with vaccines now under development. We assessed the likelihood of sylvatic DENY re-emergence in the face of immunity to current endemic strains or vaccines by evaluating the neutralization capacity of sera from DENY vaccinees and convalescent patients after primary infection with DENV-2 and DENY-3 serotypes. Our data indicate robust homotypic cross-immunity between human sera and sylvatic DENV strains, but limited heterotypic neutralization. Should a licensed vaccine lead to the eradication of the urban transmission cycle in the future, re-emergence of sylvatic strains into the urban cycle would be limited by homotypic immunity mediated by virus-neutralizing antibodies. C1 [da Rosa, Amelia P. A. Travassos; Tesh, Robert B.; Weaver, Scott C.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Vasilakis, Nikos] Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Vaccine Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Durbin, Anna P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [da Rosa, Amelia P. A. Travassos; Tesh, Robert B.; Weaver, Scott C.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Virol & Surveillance Lab, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Weaver, SC (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Keiller 3-135,301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM sweaver@utmb.edu RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011 FU PHS HHS [T01/CCT622892] NR 27 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 128 EP 132 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 322XD UT WOS:000257407700023 PM 18606776 ER PT J AU Panuwet, P Nguyen, JV Kuklenyik, P Udunka, SO Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Panuwet, Parinya Nguyen, Johnny V. Kuklenyik, Peter Udunka, Simeon O. Needham, Larry L. Barr, Dana B. TI Quantification of atrazine and its metabolites in urine by on-line solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atrazine; metabolites; urine; mass spectrometry ID IN-VITRO METABOLISM; HERBICIDE MANUFACTURING WORKERS; TREATED FEMALE RATS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; CYTOCHROME-P450 ENZYMES; CANCER INCIDENCE; FROGS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CHLOROTRIAZINES; PROPAZINE AB We have developed a method using on-line solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-MS/MS) and isotope dilution quantification to measure atrazine and seven atrazine metabolites in urine. The metabolites measured were hydroxyatrazine, diaminochloroatrazine, desisopropylatrazine, desethylatrazine, desethylatrazine mercapturate, atrazine mercaturate and atrazine itself. Our method has good precision (relative standard deviations ranging from 4 to 20% at 5, 10 and 50 ng/mL), extraction efficiencies of 67 to 102% at 5 and 25 ng/mL, relative recoveries of 87 to 112% at 5, 25, 50 and 100 ng/mL limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.03 to 2.80 ng/mL. The linear range of our method spans from the analyte LOD to 100 ng/mL (40 ng/mL for atrazine and atrazine mercapturate) with R(2) values of greater than 0.999 and errors about the slope of less than 3%. Our method is rapid, cost-effective and suitable for large-scale sample analyses and is easily adaptable to other biological matrices. More importantly, this method will allow us to better assess human exposure to atrazine-related chemicals. C1 [Barr, Dana B.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Panuwet, Parinya; Nguyen, Johnny V.; Kuklenyik, Peter; Udunka, Simeon O.; Needham, Larry L.; Barr, Dana B.] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 391 IS 5 BP 1931 EP 1939 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-2102-0 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 315VL UT WOS:000256908200046 PM 18454284 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB Turk, GC Dickerson, RM Hoover, MD AF Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. Turk, Gregory C. Dickerson, Robert M. Hoover, Mark D. TI Size-selective poorly soluble particulate reference materials for evaluation of quantitative analytical methods SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM 11) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2007 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE reference materials; particulate; digestion; beryllium; method validation ID CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE; AEROSOLS; EXPOSURE AB Owing to the absence of readily available certified particulate reference materials (RMs), most analytical methods used to determine particulate contaminant levels in workplace or other environments are validated using solution RMs, which do not assess the robustness of the digestion step for all forms and sizes of particles in a sample. A library of particulate RMs having a range of chemical forms and particle sizes is needed to support a shift in method evaluation strategies to include both solution and particulate RMs. In support of creating this library, we characterized bulk and physically size separated fractions of beryllium oxide (BeO) particles recovered from the machining fluid sludge of an industrial ceramic products grinding operation. Particles were large agglomerates of compact, crystalline BeO primary particles having diameters on the order of several micrometers. As expected, the particle surface area was independent of sieve size, with a range from 3.61 m(2)/g (53-63-mu m fraction) to 4.82 m(2)/g (355-600-mu m fraction). The density was near the theoretical value (3.01 g/cm(3)). The data support more detailed characterization of the sludge materials for use as size-selective RMs. This work illustrates an approach that can be used to develop RMs that are difficult to digest. C1 [Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.; Hoover, Mark D.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Turk, Gregory C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dickerson, Robert M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stefaniak, AB (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdate Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM astefaniak@cdc.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012; Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 391 IS 6 BP 2071 EP 2077 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-1870-x PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 319YF UT WOS:000257200200011 PM 18224470 ER PT J AU Breiding, MJ Black, MC Ryan, GW AF Breiding, Matthew J. Black, Michele C. Ryan, George W. TI Chronic disease and health risk behaviors associated with intimate partner violence - 18 US states/territories, 2005 SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE domestic violence; BRFSS; health behavior; chronic disease ID ALLOSTATIC LOAD; PHYSICAL HEALTH; WOMEN; STRESS; INTERVENTIONS; CONSEQUENCES; PREVALENCE; MECHANISMS; SETTINGS; SYMPTOMS AB PURPOSE: Few studies have examined the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and health outcomes for both women and men. The current study examined this relationship for women and men as part of a large cross-sectional public-health survey that collected information on a range of health behaviors and health risks. METHODS: In 2005, over 70,000 respondents in 16 states and 2 territories were administered the first ever IPV module within the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The BRFSS, sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is an annual random-digit-dialed telephone survey. Lifetime IPV was assessed by four questions that asked about threatened, attempted, or completed physical violence, as well as unwanted sex. RESULTS: Women and men who reported IPV victimization during their lifetime were more likely to report joint disease, current asthma, activity limitations, HIV risk factors, current smoking, heavy/binge drinking, and not having had a checkup with a doctor in the past year. CONCLUSIONS: Experiencing IPV is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes and behaviors. There remains a need for the development of assessment opportunities and secondary intervention strategies to reduce the risk of negative health behaviors and long-term health problems associated with IPV victimization. C1 [Breiding, Matthew J.; Black, Michele C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ryan, George W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Breiding, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mbreiding@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 EI 1873-2585 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 7 BP 538 EP 544 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.02.005 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 319FL UT WOS:000257149400004 PM 18495490 ER PT J AU Katz, KA Bernstein, KT Klausner, JD AF Katz, Kenneth A. Bernstein, Kyle T. Klausner, Jeffrey D. TI Does ascertainment bias affect reports on the incidence of multidrug-resistant, community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection? SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID MEN; SEX C1 [Katz, Kenneth A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bernstein, Kyle T.; Klausner, Jeffrey D.] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. RP Katz, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 149 IS 1 BP 65 EP 65 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 323EZ UT WOS:000257428200016 PM 18591643 ER PT J AU Geschwind, MD Shu, H Haman, A Sejvar, JJ Miller, BL AF Geschwind, Michael D. Shu, Huidy Haman, Aissa Sejvar, James J. Miller, Bruce L. TI Rapidly progressive dementia SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEURON-SPECIFIC ENOLASE; NONCONVULSIVE STATUS EPILEPTICUS; DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED MRI; INCLUSION-BODY DISEASE; LEWY BODIES; FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; LIMBIC ENCEPHALITIS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID AB In contrast with more common dementing conditions that typically develop over years, rapidly progressive dementias can develop subacutely over months, weeks, or even days and be quickly fatal. Because many rapidly progressive dementias are treatable, it is paramount to evaluate and diagnose these patients quickly. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of the major categories of RPD and outlines efficient approaches to the diagnosis of the various neurodegenerative, toxic-metabolic, infectious, autoimmune, neoplastic, and other conditions that may progress rapidly. C1 [Geschwind, Michael D.; Shu, Huidy; Haman, Aissa; Miller, Bruce L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Med Ctr, Memory & Aging Ctr, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Sejvar, James J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Geschwind, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Med Ctr, Memory & Aging Ctr, Dept Neurol, Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM mgeschwind@memory.ucsf.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR024131]; NIA NIH HHS [P50 AG023501, K23 AG021989, K23 AG021989-01, K23 AG021989-02, K23 AG021989-03, K23 AG021989-04, K23 AG021989-05, P30 AG010129, P50 AG005142, P50 AG016570, T32 AG023481] NR 129 TC 98 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 64 IS 1 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1002/ana.21430 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 334CM UT WOS:000258199900014 PM 18668637 ER PT J AU Endimiani, A Carias, LL Hujer, AM Bethel, CR Hujer, KM Perez, F Hutton, RA Fox, WR Hall, GS Jacobs, MR Paterson, DL Rice, LB Jenkins, SG Tenover, FC Bonomo, RA AF Endimiani, Andrea Carias, Lenore L. Hujer, Andrea M. Bethel, Christopher R. Hujer, Kristine M. Perez, Federico Hutton, Rebecca A. Fox, William R. Hall, Geraldine S. Jacobs, Michael R. Paterson, David L. Rice, Louis B. Jenkins, Stephen G. Tenover, Fred C. Bonomo, Robert A. TI Presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates possessing bla(KPC) in the United States SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PREVALENCE; GENE; EMERGENCE; QEPA AB The presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes [i.e., qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and qepA] was evaluated among 42 bla(KPC)-containing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected in the eastern United States. One isolate carried the bla(KPC-3) and qnrB19 genes on the same conjugative plasmid, whereas another carried the bla(KPC-3) and qnrA1 genes on separate plasmids. C1 [Endimiani, Andrea; Carias, Lenore L.; Hujer, Andrea M.; Bethel, Christopher R.; Hujer, Kristine M.; Hutton, Rebecca A.; Rice, Louis B.; Bonomo, Robert A.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Louis Stokes Cleveland Dept, Res Serv, Infect Dis Sect, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Perez, Federico] Univ Hosp Cleveland, Case Med Ctr, HIV Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Perez, Federico] Univ Hosp Cleveland, Case Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Fox, William R.; Hall, Geraldine S.] Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Jacobs, Michael R.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Paterson, David L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. [Jenkins, Stephen G.] Mt Sinai Med Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Tenover, Fred C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Antimicrobial Resistance, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bonomo, Robert A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Endimiani, A (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Louis Stokes Cleveland Dept, Res Serv, Infect Dis Sect, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM aendimiani@tin.it; robert.bonomo@med.va.gov RI Paterson, David/A-9258-2010; OI Endimiani, Andrea/0000-0003-3186-5421 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI063517] NR 17 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 52 IS 7 BP 2680 EP 2682 DI 10.1128/AAC.00158-08 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 319SE UT WOS:000257183400058 PM 18426899 ER PT J AU Raphael, BH Luquez, C McCroskey, LM Joseph, LA Jacobson, MJ Johnson, EA Maslanka, SE Andreadis, JD AF Raphael, Brian H. Luquez, Carolina McCroskey, Loretta M. Joseph, Lavin A. Jacobson, Mark J. Johnson, Eric A. Maslanka, Susan E. Andreadis, Joanne D. TI Genetic homogeneity of Clostridium botulinum type A1 strains with unique toxin gene clusters SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GROUP-I; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE; SEROTYPE; INFANT; DIFFERENTIATION; ORGANISM; SUBTYPES AB A group of five clonally related Clostridium botulinum type A strains isolated from different sources over a period of nearly 40 years harbored several conserved genetic properties. These strains contained a variant bont/A1 with five nucleotide polymorphisms compared to the gene in C. botulinum strain ATCC 3502. The strains also had a common toxin gene cluster composition (ha-/orfX+) similar to that associated with bont/A in type A strains containing an unexpressed bont/B [termed A(B) strains]. However, bont/B was not identified in the strains examined. Comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated identical genomic content among the strains relative to C. botulinum strain ATCC 3502. In addition, microarray data demonstrated the absence of several genes flanking the toxin gene cluster among the ha-/orfX+ A1 strains, suggesting the presence of genomic rearrangements with respect to this region compared to the C. botulinum ATCC 3502 strain. All five strains were shown to have identical flaA variable region nucleotide sequences. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of the strains were indistinguishable when digested with SmaI, and a shift in the size of at least one band was observed in a single strain when digested with XhoI. These results demonstrate surprising genomic homogeneity among a cluster of unique C. botulinum type A strains of diverse origin. C1 [Raphael, Brian H.; Luquez, Carolina; McCroskey, Loretta M.; Joseph, Lavin A.; Maslanka, Susan E.; Andreadis, Joanne D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jacobson, Mark J.; Johnson, Eric A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Food Res Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Joseph, Lavin A.] Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Raphael, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM braphael@cdc.gov RI luquez, carolina/C-4352-2011; OI Raphael, Brian/0000-0003-2778-2623 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI065359] NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 14 BP 4390 EP 4397 DI 10.1128/AEM.00260-08 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 327MQ UT WOS:000257733600018 PM 18502928 ER PT J AU Dauphin, LA Newton, BR Rasmussen, MV Meyer, RF Bowen, MD AF Dauphin, Leslie A. Newton, Bruce R. Rasmussen, Max V. Meyer, Richard F. Bowen, Michael D. TI Gamma irradiation can be used to inactivate Bacillus anthracis spores without compromising the sensitivity of diagnostic assays SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; BIOLOGICAL TERRORISM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; PLASMID; GENE; BIOTERRORISM; DIVERSITY; SAMPLES; IDENTIFICATION AB The use of Bacillus anthracis as a biological weapon in 2001 heightened awareness of the need for validated methods for the inactivation of B. anthracis spores. This study determined the gamma irradiation dose for inactivating virulent B. anthracis spores in suspension and its effects on real-time PCR and antigen detection assays. Strains representing eight genetic groups of B. anthracis were exposed to gamma radiation, and it was found that subjecting spores at a concentration of 10(7) CFU/ml to a dose of 2.5 x 10(6) rads resulted in a 6-log-unit reduction of spore viability. TaqMan real-time PCR analysis of untreated versus irradiated Ames strain (K1694) spores showed that treatment significantly enhanced the detection of B. anthracis chromosomal DNA targets but had no significant effect on the ability to detect targets on the pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids of B. anthracis. When analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), irradiation affected the detection of B. anthracis spores in a direct ELISA but had no effect on the limit of detection in a sandwich ELISA. The results of this study showed that gamma irradiation-inactivated spores can be tested by real-time PCR or sandwich ELISA without decreasing the sensitivity of either type of assay. Furthermore, the results suggest that clinical and public health laboratories which test specimens for B. anthracis could potentially incorporate gamma irradiation into sample processing protocols without compromising the sensitivity of the B. anthracis assays. C1 [Dauphin, Leslie A.; Newton, Bruce R.; Rasmussen, Max V.; Meyer, Richard F.; Bowen, Michael D.] CDC, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Bioterrorisin Preparedness & Response, Bioterrorism Rapid Response & Adv Technol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bowen, MD (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Div Bioterrorisin Preparedness & Response, Bioterrorism Rapid Response & Adv Technol Lab, Mail Stop G-42,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MKB6@CDC.GOV NR 42 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 14 BP 4427 EP 4433 DI 10.1128/AEM.00557-08 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 327MQ UT WOS:000257733600022 PM 18515484 ER PT J AU Naughton, MJ Ruggiero, AM Lawrence, JM Imperatore, G Klingensmith, GJ Waitzfelder, B McKeown, RE Standiford, DA Liese, AD Loots, B AF Naughton, Michelle J. Ruggiero, Andrea M. Lawrence, Jean M. Imperatore, Giuseppina Klingensmith, Georgeanna J. Waitzfelder, Beth McKeown, Robert E. Standiford, Debra A. Liese, Angela D. Loots, Beth CA Search Diabetes Youth Study Grp TI Health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENERIC CORE SCALES; METABOLIC-CONTROL; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; SELF-REPORT; YOUNG; IDDM; MANAGEMENT; YOUTH; PREVALENCE; ADHERENCE AB Objective: To examine the associations between demographic and diabetes management variables and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of youths with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Selected populations in Ohio, Washington, South Carolina, Colorado, Hawaii, and California; health service beneficiaries in 3 American Indian populations; and participants in the Pima Indian Study in Arizona. Participants: Two thousand four hundred forty-five participants aged 8 to 22 years in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Main Outcome Measure: Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scores. Results: Among youths with type 2 DM, HRQOL was lower compared with those with type 1. Among those with type 1 DM, worse HRQOL was associated with a primary insurance source of Medicaid or another government-funded insurance, use of insulin injections vs an insulin pump, a hemoglobin A(1c) value of at least 9%, and more comorbidities and diabetes complications. There was a significant age X sex interaction, such that, in older groups, HRQOL was lower for girls but higher for boys. For youths with type 2 DM, injecting insulin at least 3 times a day compared with using an oral or no diabetes medication was associated with better HRQOL, and having 2 or more emergency department visits in the past 6 months was associated with worse HRQOL. Conclusions: Youths with types 1 and 2 DM reported HRQOL differences by type of treatment and complications. The significant age X sex interaction suggests that interventions to improve HRQOL should consider gender differences in diabetes adjustment and management in different age groups. C1 [Naughton, Michelle J.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Dept Social Sci & Hlth Policy, Winston Salem, NC 27104 USA. [Ruggiero, Andrea M.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Dept Biostatist Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27104 USA. [Lawrence, Jean M.] Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Pasadena, CA USA. [Imperatore, Giuseppina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Klingensmith, Georgeanna J.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Barbara Davis Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Waitzfelder, Beth] Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. [McKeown, Robert E.; Liese, Angela D.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Standiford, Debra A.] Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Loots, Beth] Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Naughton, MJ (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Dept Social Sci & Hlth Policy, 2000 W First St,Room 224, Winston Salem, NC 27104 USA. EM naughton@wfubmc.edu FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [DP-05-069, U01 DP000244, U01 DP000245, U01 DP000246, U01 DP000247, U01 DP000248, U01 DP000250, U01 DP000254]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00069, M01 RR01070, M01 RR08084, M01RR00037, M01RR001271]; PHS HHS [PA 00097] NR 39 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 162 IS 7 BP 649 EP 657 DI 10.1001/archpedi.162.7.649 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 323HQ UT WOS:000257437600007 PM 18606936 ER PT J AU Jimenez, MCS Ramos, CHI Barbosa, JARG Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW Rodrigues, MM Soares, IS AF Jimenez, Maria Carolina S. Ramos, Carlos Henrique I. Barbosa, Joao Alexandre R. G. Galinski, Mary R. Barnwell, John W. Rodrigues, Mauricio M. Soares, Irene S. TI Biophysical characterization of the recombinant merozoite surface protein-3 of Plasmodium vivax SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS LA English DT Article DE malaria; plasmodium vivax; merozoite surface protein-3 ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; MALARIA PARASITES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; FALCIPARUM; FAMILY; POLYMORPHISM; MSP-3-ALPHA; INFECTIONS; THAILAND; INVASION AB Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein-3 alpha and 3 beta are members of a family of related merozoite surface proteins that contain a central alanine-rich domain with heptad repeats that is predicted to form alpha-helical secondary and coiled-coil tertiary structures. Seven recombinant proteins representing different regions of MSP-3 alpha and MSP-3 beta of P. vivax were generated to investigate their structure. Circular dichroism spectra analysis revealed that some proteins are folded with a high degree of alpha-helices as secondary structure, whereas other products contain a high content of random coil. Using size exclusion chromatography, we found that the two smaller fragments of the MSP-3 alpha, named CC4 and CC5, predicted to form coiled-coil (CC) structures, eluted at volumes corresponding to molecular weights larger than their monomeric masses. This result suggests that both proteins are oligomeric molecules. Analytical ultracentrifugation experiments showed that the CC5 oligomers are elongated molecules. Together, these data may help to understand important aspects of P. vivax biology. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jimenez, Maria Carolina S.; Soares, Irene S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Dept Anal Clin & Toxicol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Ramos, Carlos Henrique I.; Barbosa, Joao Alexandre R. G.] Ctr Struct Mol Biol CeBiME, Brazilian Synchrotron Light Lab, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Ramos, Carlos Henrique I.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Quim, BR-13084862 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Galinski, Mary R.] Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Galinski, Mary R.] Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Galinski, Mary R.] Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Rodrigues, Mauricio M.] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, CINTERGEN, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Soares, IS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Dept Anal Clin & Toxicol, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 580, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM isoares@usp.br RI Ramos, Carlos/C-1571-2012; Rodrigues, Mauricio/B-8512-2012; Soares, Irene/C-5974-2012; Vacinas, Inct/J-9431-2013; Inbeb, Inct/K-2317-2013; Barbosa, Joao/E-2261-2012 OI Ramos, Carlos/0000-0002-7246-9081; Barbosa, Joao/0000-0002-0534-481X NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4165 J9 BBA-GEN SUBJECTS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 1780 IS 7-8 BP 983 EP 988 DI 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.03.016 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 321MJ UT WOS:000257309000006 PM 18440318 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Yang, Q Mai, C Kirby, RS Collins, JS Robbins, JM Meyer, R Canfield, MA Mulinare, J AF Boulet, Sheree L. Yang, Quanhe Mai, Cara Kirby, Russell S. Collins, Julianne S. Robbins, James M. Meyer, Robert Canfield, Mark A. Mulinare, Joe CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Netw TI Trends in the postfortification prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly in the United States SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spina bifida; anencephaly; neural tube defects; folic acid; fortification ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; BIRTH-DEFECTS; ELECTIVE TERMINATION; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; CHILDBEARING AGE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; FOLATE; WOMEN AB BACKGROUND: The prevalence of NTDs in the US declined significantly after mandatory folic acid fortification; however, it is not known if the prevalence of NTDs has continued to decrease in recent years relative to the period immediately following the fortification mandate. METHODS: Population-based data from 21 birth defects surveillance systems were used to examine trends in the birth prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly during 1999-2000, 2001-2002, and 2003-2004. Prevalence data were stratified by non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic race or ethnicity. Prevalence ratios were calculated by dividing the birth prevalences during the later time periods (2001-2002 and 2003-2004) by the birth prevalences during 1999-2000. RESULTS: During 1999-2004, 3,311 cases of spina bifida and 2,116 cases of anencephaly were reported. Hispanic infants had the highest prevalences of NTDs for all years. For all infants, the combined birth prevalences of spina bifida and anencephaly decreased 10% from the 1999-2000 period to the 20032004 period. The decline in spina bifida (3%) was not significant; however the decline in anencephaly (20%) was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: While the prevalences of spina bifida and anencephaly in the United States have declined since folic acid fortification in the food supply began, these data suggest that reductions in the prevalence of anencephaly continued during 2001-2004 and that racial and ethnic and other disparities remain. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Birmingham, Dept Mat & Child Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Greenwood Genet Ctr, JC Self Res Inst Human Genet, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. N Carolina Ctr Hlth Stat, Raleigh, NC USA. State Hlth Serv, Texas Dept, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. RP Boulet, SL (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sboulet@cdc.gov OI Robbins, James/0000-0003-2200-1947 NR 35 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 82 IS 7 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1002/bdra.20468 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 329YP UT WOS:000257906800005 PM 18481813 ER PT J AU Hill, DD Cauley, JA Bunker, CH Baker, CE Patrick, AL Beckles, GLA Wheeler, VW Zmuda, JM AF Hill, Deanna D. Cauley, Jane A. Bunker, Clareann H. Baker, Carol E. Patrick, Alan L. Beckles, Gloria L. A. Wheeler, Victor W. Zmuda, Joseph M. TI Correlates of bone mineral density among postmenopausal women of African Caribbean ancestry: Tobago women's health study SO BONE LA English DT Article DE osteoporosis; epidemiology; African ancestry continental group; bone densitometry; women ID EARLY PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; BODY-COMPOSITION; WHITE WOMEN; OLDER WOMEN; ETHNIC VARIATION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; AMERICAN WOMEN; UNITED-KINGDOM; FRACTURE RISK AB Population dynamics predict a drastic growth in the number of older minority women, and resultant increases in the number of fractures. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is an important risk factor for fracture. Many studies have identified the lifestyle and health-related factors that correlate with BMD in Whites. Few studies have focused on non-Whites. The objective of the current analyses is to examine the lifestyle, anthropometric and health-related factors that are correlated with BMD in a population based cohort of Caribbean women of West African ancestry. We enrolled 340 postmenopausal women residing on the Caribbean Island of Tobago. Participants completed a questionnaire and had anthropometric measures taken. Hip BMD was measured by DXA. We estimated volumetric BMD by calculating bone mineral apparent density (BMAD). BMD was >10% and >25% higher across all age groups in Tobagonian women compared to US non-Hispanic Black and White women, respectively. In multiple linear regression models, 35-36% of the variability in femoral neck and total hip BMD respectively was predicted. Each 16-kg (one standard deviation (SD)) increase in weight was associated with 5% higher BMD; and weight explained over 10% of the variability of BMD. Each 8-year (1 SD) increase in age was associated with 5% lower BMD. Current use of both thiazide diuretics and oral hypoglycemic medication were associated with 4-5% higher BMD. For femoral neck BMAD, 26% of the variability was explained by a multiple linear regression model. Current statin use was associated with 5% higher BMAD and a history of breast feeding or coronary heart disease was associated with 1-1.5% of higher BMAD. In conclusion, African Caribbean women have the highest BMD on a population level reported to date for women. This may reflect low European admixture. Correlates of BMD among Caribbean women of West African ancestry were similar to those reported for U.S. Black and White women. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hill, Deanna D.; Cauley, Jane A.; Bunker, Clareann H.; Zmuda, Joseph M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Baker, Carol E.] Univ Pittsburgh, Off Measurement & Evaluat, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Patrick, Alan L.; Wheeler, Victor W.] Tobago Hlth Studies Off, Tobago, Trinid & Tobago. [Beckles, Gloria L. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cauley, JA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 130 Desoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM jcauley@edc.pitt.edu RI Cauley, Jane/N-4836-2015 OI Cauley, Jane/0000-0003-0752-4408 FU NIA NIH HHS [T32 AG000181, T32 AG000181-18]; NIAMS NIH HHS [01AR049747, R01 AR049747, R01 AR049747-04] NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 EI 1873-2763 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2008.03.005 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 319GC UT WOS:000257151100020 PM 18448413 ER PT J AU Corral, DM Coates, AL Yau, YCW Tellier, R Glass, M Jones, SM Waters, VJ AF Corral, Dimas Mateos Coates, Allan L. Yau, Yvonne C. W. Tellier, Raymond Glass, Mindy Jones, Steven M. Waters, Valerie J. TI Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in a cystic fibrosis patient from the Caribbean: A case report SO CANADIAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acute pulmonary exacerbation; Burkholderia pseudomallei; cystic fibrosis; Melioidosis ID MELIOIDOSIS AB Burkholderia pseudomallei is a pathogen identified with increasing frequency in the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients from endemic areas such as Southeast Asia and northern Australia. The following report describes the first known reported case in a CF patient from the Caribbean attending a North American CF clinic. C1 [Corral, Dimas Mateos; Coates, Allan L.] Hosp Sick Children, Dept Pediat, Div Resp Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Yau, Yvonne C. W.; Tellier, Raymond] Hosp Sick Children, Dept Pediat, Lab Med, Div Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Glass, Mindy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jones, Steven M.] Natl Microbiol Lab, Special Pathogens Program, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Waters, Valerie J.] Hosp Sick Children, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. RP Corral, DM (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Dept Pediat, Div Resp Med, Room 4534,4th Floor,Roy C Hill Wing,555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. EM dimasmateos@yahoo.com NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PULSUS GROUP INC PI OAKVILLE PA 2902 S SHERIDAN WAY, OAKVILLE, ONTARIO L6J 7L6, CANADA SN 1198-2241 J9 CAN RESPIR J JI Can. Respir. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 BP 237 EP 239 PG 3 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 340IM UT WOS:000258639300003 PM 18716683 ER PT J AU Shapiro, JA Seeff, LC Thompson, TD Nadel, MR Klabunde, CN Vernon, SW AF Shapiro, Jean A. Seeff, Laura C. Thompson, Trevor D. Nadel, Marion R. Klabunde, Carrie N. Vernon, Sally W. TI Colorectal cancer test use from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; MEDICAL-RECORD AUDIT; UNITED-STATES; SCREENING SIGMOIDOSCOPY; SELF-REPORT; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; WOMEN; SURVEILLANCE AB Background: Screening is effective in reducing colorectal cancer mortality. Recommended colorectal cancer screening options include a home fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or colorectal endoscopy (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy). Past surveys have indicated that colorectal cancer screening prevalence in the United States is low. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the prevalence of colorectal cancer test use in the United States by various factors and to examine reasons for not having a colorectal cancer test. Methods: Data on respondents ages >= 50 years from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (n = 13,269) were analyzed. The proportion of the U.S. population that had home FOBT within the past year or endoscopy within the past 10 years was examined by sociodemographic, health-care access, and other health-related factors. Reported reasons for not having FOBT or endoscopy were also analyzed. Results: The age-standardized proportion of respondents who reported FOBT within the past year and/or endoscopy within the past 10 years was 50.0% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 48.8-51.2]. Colorectal cancer testing rates were particularly low among people without health-care coverage (24.1%; 95% CI, 19.2-29.7) or without a usual source of health care (24.7%; 95% Cl, 20.8-29.0). The most commonly reported reason for not having a colorectal cancer test was "never thought about it." Conclusions: In 2005, about half of Americans ages >= 50 years did not have appropriate colorectal cancer testing. Increased efforts to expand health-care coverage or to provide colorectal cancer tests to people without health-care coverage are needed to increase colorectal cancer screening. C1 [Shapiro, Jean A.; Seeff, Laura C.; Thompson, Trevor D.; Nadel, Marion R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Klabunde, Carrie N.] NCI, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Vernon, Sally W.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Promot & Behav Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Shapiro, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zga9@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 159 Z9 161 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1623 EP 1630 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2838 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 327NJ UT WOS:000257735500007 PM 18628413 ER PT J AU Mccoy, LF Scholl, PF Sutcliffe, AE Kieszak, SM Powers, CD Rogers, HS Gong, YY Groopman, JD Wild, CP Schleicher, RL AF McCoy, Leslie F. Scholl, Peter F. Sutcliffe, Anne E. Kieszak, Stephanie M. Powers, Carissa D. Rogers, Helen S. Gong, Yun Yun Groopman, John D. Wild, Christopher P. Schleicher, Rosemary L. TI Human aflatoxin albumin adducts quantitatively compared by ELISA, HPLC with fluorescence detection, and HPLC with isotope dilution mass spectrometry SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID DIETARY AFLATOXIN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HUMAN EXPOSURE; B-1; BENIN; TOGO AB Essential to the conduct of epidemiologic studies examining aflatoxin exposure and the risk of heptocellular carcinoma, impaired growth, and acute toxicity has been the development of quantitative biomarkers of exposure to aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B-1. In this study, identical serum sample sets were analyzed for aflatoxin-albumin adducts by ELISA, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (HPLC-f), and HPLC with isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). The human samples analyzed were from an acute aflatoxicosis outbreak in Kenya in 2004 (n = 102) and the measured values ranged from 0.018 to 67.0, nondetectable to 13.6, and 0.002 to 17.7 ng/mg albumin for the respective methods. The Deming regression slopes for the HPLC-f and ELISA concentrations as a function of the IDMS concentrations were 0.71 (r(2) = 0.95) and 3.3 (r(2) = 0.96), respectively. When the samples were classified as cases or controls, based on clinical diagnosis, all methods were predictive of outcome (P < 0.01). Further, to evaluate assay precision, duplicate samples were prepared at three levels by dilution of an exposed human sample and were analyzed on three separate days. Excluding one assay value by ELISA and one assay by HPLC-f, the overall relative SD were 8.7%, 10.5%, and 9.4% for IDMS, HPLC-f, and ELISA, respectively. IDMS was the most sensitive technique and HPLC-f was the least sensitive method. Overall, this study shows an excellent correlation between three independent methodologies conducted in different laboratories and supports the validation of these technologies for assessment of human exposure to this environmental toxin and carcinogen. C1 [McCoy, Leslie F.; Kieszak, Stephanie M.; Powers, Carissa D.; Rogers, Helen S.; Schleicher, Rosemary L.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Scholl, Peter F.; Groopman, John D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Sutcliffe, Anne E.; Gong, Yun Yun; Wild, Christopher P.] Univ Leeds, Leeds Inst Genet Hlth & Therapeut, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Mol Epidemiol Unit, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Schleicher, RL (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zwa5@cdc.gov RI Gong, Yun Yun/L-7094-2016; OI Gong, Yun Yun/0000-0003-4927-5526; Scholl, Peter/0000-0002-8870-3266 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1653 EP 1657 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2780 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 327NJ UT WOS:000257735500011 PM 18628416 ER PT J AU Lord, SJ Bernstein, L Johnson, KA Malone, KE McDonald, JA Marchbanks, PA Simon, MS Strom, BL Press, MF Folger, SG Burkman, RT Deapen, D Spirtas, R Ursin, G AF Lord, Sarah J. Bernstein, Leslie Johnson, Karen A. Malone, Kathleen E. McDonald, Jill A. Marchbanks, Polly A. Simon, Michael S. Strom, Brian L. Press, Michael F. Folger, Suzanne G. Burkman, Ronald T. Deapen, Dennis Spirtas, Robert Ursin, Giske TI Breast cancer risk and hormone receptor status in older women by parity, age of first birth, and breastfeeding: A case-control study SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS; TRANSIENT INCREASE; PREGNANCY; COUNTRIES; ESTROGEN AB Background: Early age at first birth and multiparity reduce the risk of estrogen receptor-progesterone receptor (ERPR)-positive breast cancer, whereas breastfeeding reduces the risk of both ERPR-positive and ERPR-negative cancers. Methods: We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate whether age at first birth (<25 or >= 25 years) and breastfeeding (ever/never) modify the long-term effect of parity on risk of ERPR-positive and ERPR-negative cancer using 1,457 incident breast cancer cases and 1,455 controls ages >= 55 years who participated in the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study. Results: Women who gave birth before age 25 years had a 36% reduced risk of breast cancer compared with nulligravida that was not observed for women who started their families at an older age (P(heterogeneity)= 0.0007). This protective effect was restricted to ERPR-positive breast cancer (P(heterogeneity)= 0.004). Late age at first birth increased the risk of ERPR-negative cancers. Additional births reduced the risk of ERPR-positive cancers among women with an early first birth (P(trend) = 0.0001) and among women who breastfed (P(trend) = 0.004) but not among older mothers or those who never breastfed. In women with a late first birth who never breastfed, multiparity was associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the effect of parity on a woman's long-term risk of breast cancer is modified by age at first full-term pregnancy and possibly by breastfeeding. C1 [Bernstein, Leslie; Press, Michael F.; Deapen, Dennis; Ursin, Giske] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lord, Sarah J.] Univ Sydney, Natl Hlth & Med Res Council, Clin Trials Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Bernstein, Leslie] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Johnson, Karen A.] NCI, Breast & Gynecol Canc Res Grp, Canc Prevent Div, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Spirtas, Robert] Natl Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Populat Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Malone, Kathleen E.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Malone, Kathleen E.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McDonald, Jill A.; Marchbanks, Polly A.; Folger, Suzanne G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Simon, Michael S.] Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol, Detroit, MI USA. [Strom, Brian L.] Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Strom, Brian L.] Univ Penn, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Burkman, Ronald T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA 01199 USA. [Ursin, Giske] Univ Oslo, Inst Basic Med Sci, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway. RP Ursin, G (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Room 4407,1441 Eastlake Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM gursin@usc.edu OI Lord, Sarah J/0000-0003-2763-5949 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01 CN 0532, N01 CN 65064, N01 CN065064, N01 PC 67006, N01 PC 67010, N01 PC067006, N01 PC067006-009, N01 PC067010, R01 CA077398, R01 CA098858, R01 CA098858-01A2, R01 CA098858-02, R01 CA098858-03, R01 CA098858-04, R01 CA098858-05]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01 HD 23166, N01 HD 33168, N01 HD 33174, N01 HD 33175, N01 HD 33276, N01 HD023166, N01 HD033168, N01 HD033174, N01 HD033175, Y01 HD007022] NR 22 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1723 EP 1730 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2824 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 327NJ UT WOS:000257735500022 PM 18628424 ER PT J AU He, XQ Chen, MG Ma, Q AF He, Xiaoqing Chen, Michael G. Ma, Qiang TI Activation of Nrf2 in defense against cadmium-induced oxidative stress SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2; ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE ELEMENT; CUL3-BASED E3 LIGASE; NAD(P)H-QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE; INDUCIBLE EXPRESSION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; QUINONE REDUCTASE; METALLOTHIONEIN-I; ENZYME INDUCERS; KEAP1 AB Exposure to cadmium (Cd) elicits a range of adverse responses including oxidative damage and cancer. The molecular targets of Cd remain largely unidentified. Here, we analyzed the function and signal transduction of transcription factor Nrf2 in protection against Cd-induced oxidative stress. Wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) at a low level, whereas treatment with Cd significantly increased the ROS production. On the other hand, Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2(-/-)) MEF cells exhibited an elevated level of ROS under a basal condition, and Cd dramatically increased the ROS production at concentrations as low as 2 mu M, resulting in increased sensitivity to Cd-induced cell death. Cd induced the basal and inducible expression of cytoprotective enzymes NQO1 and HO1 in WT MEF cells, but induction was lost in Nrf2(-/-) MEF cells. Induction of the genes required antioxidant response elements (ARE) as Cd drove ARE-dependent reporter expression and Cd-activated Nrf2 bound to endogenous AREs in mouse hepa1c1c7 cells. Activation of Nrf2 by Cd involved stabilization of the Nrf2 protein, increased formation of Nrf2/Keap1 complex in the cytoplasm, translocation of the complex into the nucleus, and subsequently disruption of the complex. Lastly, Nrf2 was found ubiquitinated in the cytoplasm but deubiquitinated in the nucleus. The study provided a mechanistic transcriptional model in which Cd activates Nrf2 through a metal-activated signaling pathway involving a dynamic interplay between ubiquitination/deubiquitination and complex formation/dissociation of Nrf2 and Keap1. C1 [He, Xiaoqing; Chen, Michael G.; Ma, Qiang] NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM qaml@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1375 EP 1383 DI 10.1021/tx800019a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 329IG UT WOS:000257860700012 PM 18512965 ER PT J AU Jain, S Chen, L Dechet, A Hertz, AT Brus, DL Hanley, K Wilson, B Frank, J Greene, KD Parsons, M Bopp, CA Todd, R Hoekstra, M Mintz, ED Ram, PK AF Jain, Seema Chen, Lei Dechet, Amy Hertz, Alan T. Brus, Debra L. Hanley, Kathleen Wilson, Brenda Frank, Jaime Greene, Kathy D. Parsons, Michele Bopp, Cheryl A. Todd, Randall Hoekstra, Michael Mintz, Eric D. Ram, Pavani K. TI An outbreak of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli associated with sushi restaurants in Nevada, 2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-FEATURES; EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; ILLNESS; FOOD AB Background. In August and November 2004, 2 clusters of diarrhea cases occurred among patrons of 2 affiliated sushi restaurants (sushi restaurant A and sushi restaurant B) in Nevada. In August 2004, a stool sample from 1 ill sushi restaurant A patron yielded enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). In December 2004, we investigated a third cluster of diarrhea cases among sushi restaurant B patrons. Methods. We defined a case as diarrhea in a person who ate at sushi restaurant B from 3 December through 13 December 2004. Control subjects were individuals who dined with case patients but did not become ill. Duplex polymerase chain reaction was used to detect genes coding for heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxins of ETEC. Results. One-hundred thirty patrons of sushi restaurant B reported illness; we enrolled 36 case patients and 29 control subjects. The diarrhea-to-vomiting prevalence ratio among patients was 4.5. Illness was associated with consumption of butterfly shrimp (estimated odds ratio, 7.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to infinity). The implicated food was distributed to many restaurants, but only sushi restaurant B patrons reported diarrhea. We observed poor food-handling and hand hygiene practices at sushi restaurant B. Stool samples from 6 of 7 ill patrons and 2 of 27 employees who denied illness yielded ETEC. Conclusions. ETEC was identified as the etiologic agent of a large foodborne outbreak at a sushi restaurant in Nevada. Poor food-handling practices and infected foodhandlers likely contributed to this outbreak. Although ETEC is a well-documented cause of domestic foodborne outbreaks, few laboratories can test for it. Earlier recognition of ETEC infections may prevent subsequent outbreaks from occurring. C1 [Jain, Seema; Dechet, Amy; Hertz, Alan T.; Greene, Kathy D.; Parsons, Michele; Bopp, Cheryl A.; Hoekstra, Michael; Mintz, Eric D.; Ram, Pavani K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chen, Lei; Brus, Debra L.; Hanley, Kathleen; Wilson, Brenda; Todd, Randall] Washoe Cty Dist Hlth Dept, Reno, NV USA. [Frank, Jaime] Nevada State Hlth Lab, Reno, NV USA. [Todd, Randall] Nevada State Hlth Div, Carson City, NV USA. [Ram, Pavani K.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Jain, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bwc8@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1086/588666 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 309BF UT WOS:000256434100001 PM 18491967 ER PT J AU Fair, AM Wujcik, D Lin, JMS Egan, KM Grau, AM Zheng, W AF Fair, Alecia Malin Wujcik, Debra Lin, Jin-Mann S. Egan, Kathleen M. Grau, Ana M. Zheng, Wei TI Timing is everything: Methodologic issues locating and recruiting medically underserved women for abnormal mammography follow-up research SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE abnormal mammography follow-up; study recruitment; medically underserved females; case-control studies ID LOW-INCOME WOMEN; CLINICAL-TRIALS; BREAST-CANCER; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; HEALTH; PARTICIPATION; MINORITY; WILLINGNESS; POPULATION; RATES AB Objectives: Recruiting underserved women in breast cancer research studies remains a significant challenge. We present our experience attempting to locate and recruit minority and medically underserved women identified in a Nashville, Tennessee public hospital for a mammography follow-up study. Study design: The study design was a retrospective hospital-based case-control study. Methods: We identified 227 women (88 African-American, 65 Caucasian, 36 other minority, 38 race undocumented in the medical record) who had undergone screening mammography and received an abnormal result during 2003-2004. Of the 227 women identified, 159 women were successfully located with implementation of a tracking protocol and more rigorous attempts to locate the women using online directory assistance and public record search engines. Women eligible for the study were invited to participate in a telephone research survey. Study completion was defined as fully finishing the telephone survey. Results: An average of 4.6 telephone calls (range 1-19) and 2.7 months (range 1-490 days) were required to reach the 159 women contacted. Within three contact attempts, more cases were located than controls (61% cases vs. 49% controls, p=0.03). African-American women cases were four times likely to be recruited than African-American controls, (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.59-10.30) (p=0.003). After 3 months of effort, we located 67% of African-American women, 63% of Caucasian women, and 56% of other minorities. Ultimately, after a maximum of 12 attempts to contact women, 77% of African-American women and 71% of Caucasian women were eventually found. Of these, 59% of African-American women, 69% Caucasian women, and 50% other minorities were located and completed the study survey for an overall response rate of 59%, 71%, and 47% respectively. Conclusions: Data collection and study recruitment efforts were more challenging in racial and ethnic minorities. Continuing attempts to contact women may increase minority group study participation but does not guarantee retention or study completion. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fair, Alecia Malin] Meharry Med Coll, Dept Surg, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Wujcik, Debra] Nashville Gen Hosp, Clin Trials Off, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Lin, Jin-Mann S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Viral Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Egan, Kathleen M.] Univ S Florida, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Zheng, Wei] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Inst Med & Publ Hlth, Vanderbilt Ctr Epidemiol Res, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Grau, Ana M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Div Surg Oncol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Fair, AM (reprint author), Meharry Med Coll, Dept Surg, Sch Med, 1005 Dr DB Todd Jr Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM afair@mmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [U54 CA915408-06, U54 CA091408-04, U54 CA091408-06A1, U54 CA091408-05, U54 CA091408, U54 CA915408-04]; NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR011792, P20 RR011792-08, P20RR011792]; NIMHD NIH HHS [5 P20 MD000516-03, P20 MD000516-03, P20 MD000516] NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD JUL PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 537 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2008.01.003 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 317IY UT WOS:000257014600011 PM 18289943 ER PT J AU Kim, C Cheng, YJ Beckles, GL AF Kim, Catherine Cheng, Yiling J. Beckles, Gloria L. TI Inflammation among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus and diagnosed diabetes in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; SURVEY NHANES-III; RISK; ASSOCIATION; FERRITIN; GLUCOSE; INSULIN AB OBJECTIVE - We compared inflammatory markers among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (hGDM), women with diagnosed diabetes, and unaffected women in a population-based sample. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 6,346 nonpregnant women in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Women were classified as having hGDM (n = 87), diagnosed diabetes, (n = 244), or neither condition (n = 6,015). Inflammatory markers included ferritin, leukocyte count, and C-reactive protein levels. RESULTS - After adjustment, women with diagnosed diabetes had the most marked differences in inflammatory markers compared with unaffected women. Differences between unaffected women and women with hGDM were minimal. CONCLUSIONS - Women with diagnosed diabetes have less favorable inflammation profiles than unaffected women and greater ferritin levels than women with hGDM. After adjustment, women with hGDM who have not developed diagnosed diabetes have inflammation profiles similar to those of unaffected women. C1 [Kim, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Dept Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cheng, Yiling J.; Beckles, Gloria L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cathkim@umich.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K23DK071552, K23 DK071552] NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2008 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1386 EP 1388 DI 10.2337/dc07-2362 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 323CG UT WOS:000257421000021 PM 18375415 ER PT J AU Li, C Barker, L Ford, ES Zhang, X Strine, TW Mokdad, AH AF Li, C. Barker, L. Ford, E. S. Zhang, X. Strine, T. W. Mokdad, A. H. TI Diabetes and anxiety in US adults: Findings from the 2006 behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO DIABETIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE anxiety; diabetes; diagnosis; lifetime; prevalence ID NATIONAL-HEALTH INTERVIEW; DISORDERS; PREVALENCE; DEPRESSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMORBIDITY; ASSOCIATION; MOOD; AGE AB Aims Anxiety disorders may cause substantial impairment in patient functioning and well-being. Little is known about the relationship between diabetes and anxiety. We estimated the prevalence of lifetime diagnosis of anxiety in adults aged >= 18 years with and without diabetes in the USA. Methods We analysed data from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (total, N = 201 575; 20 142 with diabetes; 39.4% men, 77.9% non-Hispanic Whites, 8.1% non-Hispanic Blacks and 7.7% Hispanics; mean age 52.4 years). Diabetes and lifetime diagnosis of anxiety were self-reported. A multivariable log-binomial model was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) of anxiety based on diabetes status. Results The overall age-adjusted prevalence of lifetime diagnosis of anxiety was 19.5 and 10.9% in people with and without diabetes, respectively. After adjustment for educational level, marital status, employment status, current smoking, leisure-time physical activity and body mass index, people with diabetes had a 20% higher prevalence of lifetime diagnosis of anxiety than those without (PR 1.20; 95% CI 1.12, 1.30). There were no significant differences in the PR by gender (P = 0.06). However, the ratios differed significantly by age (P = 0.04) and by race/ethnicity (P < 0.01), indicating that people aged 18-29 years (PR 1.70; 95% CI 1.19, 2.43) and Hispanics (PR 1.69; 95% CI 1.33, 2.15) had a higher ratio than their counterparts. Conclusion Diabetes was significantly associated with anxiety in adults in this large population-based sample, particularly in Hispanics and young adults. C1 [Li, C.; Ford, E. S.; Strine, T. W.; Mokdad, A. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Barker, L.; Zhang, X.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cli@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0742-3071 J9 DIABETIC MED JI Diabetic Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 25 IS 7 BP 878 EP 881 DI 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02477.x PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 327GB UT WOS:000257716500021 PM 18644077 ER PT J AU Tatti, KM Wu, KH Tondella, ML Cassiday, PK Cortese, MM Wilkins, PP Sanden, GN AF Tatti, Kathleen M. Wu, Kai-Hui Tondella, Maria Lucia Cassiday, Pamela K. Cortese, Margaret M. Wilkins, Patricia P. Sanden, Gary N. TI Development and evaluation of dual-target real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to detect Bordetella spp. SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Bordetella pertussis; real-time PCR; IS481; pertussis toxin gene ID ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS VACCINES; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; REPEATED DNA-SEQUENCE; NASOPHARYNGEAL SWABS; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; PREVENTING TETANUS; PCR ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; HOLMESII AB Novel, highly specific, and sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays using 2 targets, insertion sequence (IS481) and pertussis toxin subunit 1 (ptxS1), were developed to detect Bordetella pertussis and to differentiate between relevant Bordetella spp. Sixty-four non-Bordetella isolates were negative by both assays, demonstrating the specificity of the assays. B. pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, and Bordetella holmesii isolates were specifically identified using the assays. The lower limit of detection was less than 10 genomic equivalents per reaction for the IS481 and ptxS1 assays. These assays were evaluated using 145 human clinical specimens obtained during cough-illness outbreak investigations, and PCR results were compared with Bordetella spp. culture results. Twenty-seven (18.6%) specimens had late positive cycle threshold (Ct) values (35 <= Ct<40) using the IS481 assay with corresponding negative results using the ptxS1 assay and culture and were considered indeterminate. Guidelines for use of PCR testing and interpretation of results during cough-illness outbreaks are discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tatti, Kathleen M.; Wu, Kai-Hui; Tondella, Maria Lucia; Cassiday, Pamela K.; Cortese, Margaret M.; Wilkins, Patricia P.; Sanden, Gary N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tatti, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887 NR 46 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 61 IS 3 BP 264 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.02.017 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 325DC UT WOS:000257567500004 PM 18440175 ER PT J AU Johnson, AJ Moore, ZS Edelson, PJ Kinnane, L Davies, M Shay, DK Balish, A McCarron, M Blanton, L Finelli, L Averhoff, F Bresee, J Engel, J Fiore, A AF Johnson, April J. Moore, Zack S. Edelson, Paul J. Kinnane, Lynda Davies, Megan Shay, David K. Balish, Amanda McCarron, Meg Blanton, Lenee Finelli, Lyn Averhoff, Francisco Bresee, Joseph Engel, Jeffrey Fiore, Anthony TI Household responses to school closure resulting from outbreak of influenza B, North Carolina SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; UNITED-STATES; ABSENTEEISM; SCHOOLCHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; VACCINATION; STRATEGIES; CHILDREN; ILLNESS; SEASON AB School closure is a proposed strategy for reducing influenza transmission during a pandemic. Few studies have assessed how families respond to closures, or whether other interactions during closure could reduce this strategy's effect. Questionnaires were administered to 220 households (438 adults and 355 children) with school-age children in a North Carolina county during an influenza B virus outbreak that resulted in school closure. Closure was considered appropriate by 201 (91%) households. No adults missed work to solely provide childcare, and only 22 (10%) households required special childcare arrangements; 2 households incurred additional costs. Eighty-nine percent of children visited at least 1 public location during the closure despite county recommendations to avoid large gatherings. Although behavior and attitudes might differ during a pandemic, these results suggest short-term closure did not cause substantial hardship for parents. Pandemic planning guidance should address the potential for transmission in public areas during school closure. C1 [Johnson, April J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Moore, Zack S.; Davies, Megan; Engel, Jeffrey] N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Johnson, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ajjohnson@cdc.gov OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 22 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1024 EP 1030 DI 10.3201/eid1407.080096 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 321HG UT WOS:000257294700003 PM 18598620 ER PT J AU Dubberke, ER Butler, AM Reske, KA Agniel, D Olsen, MA D'Angelo, G McDonald, LC Fraser, VJ AF Dubberke, Erik R. Butler, Anne M. Reske, Kimberly A. Agniel, Denis Olsen, Margaret A. D'Angelo, Gina McDonald, L. Clifford Fraser, Victoria J. TI Attributable outcomes of endemic Clostridium difficile-associated disease in nonsurgical patients SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; OUTBREAK; DIARRHEA; STRAIN; MORBIDITY; HOSPITALS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; QUEBEC; BURDEN AB Data are limited on the attributable outcomes of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD), particularly in CDAD-endemic settings. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of nonsurgical inpatients admitted for >= 48 hours in 2003 (N = 18,050). The adjusted hazard ratios for readmission (hazard ratio 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.87-2.55) and deaths within 180 days (hazard ratio 1.23, 95% CI 1.03-1.46) were significantly different among CDAD case-patients and noncase patients. In a propensity score matched-pairs analysis that used a nested subset of the cohort (N = 706), attributable length of stay attributable to CDAD was 2.8 days, attributable readmission at 180 days was 19.3%, and attributable death at 180 days was 5.7%. CDAD patients were significantly more likely than controls to be discharged to a long-term-care facility or outside hospital. Even in a nonoutbreak setting, CDAD had a statistically significant negative impact on patient illness and death, and the impact of CDAD persisted beyond hospital discharge. C1 [Dubberke, Erik R.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [McDonald, L. Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dubberke, ER (reprint author), Box 8051,660 S Euclid, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM edubberk@im.wustl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [K12RR02324901-01]; NIAID NIH HHS [K01 AI065808, K01AI065808-01, K24 AI067794, K24AI067794-01]; PHS HHS [1U01C1000333-01, UR8/CCU715087-06/1] NR 27 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1031 EP 1038 DI 10.3201/eid1407.070867 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 321HG UT WOS:000257294700004 PM 18598621 ER PT J AU Jhung, MA Thompson, AD Killgore, GE Zukowski, WE Songer, G Warny, M Johnson, S Gerding, DN McDonald, LC Limbago, BM AF Jhung, Michael A. Thompson, Angela D. Killgore, George E. Zukowski, Walter E. Songer, Glenn Warny, Michael Johnson, Stuart Gerding, Dale N. McDonald, L. Clifford Limbago, Brandi M. TI Toxinotype V Clostridium difficile in humans and food animals SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BINARY TOXIN; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NORTH-AMERICA; PCR RIBOTYPES; DISEASE; STRAINS; EPIDEMIC; DIARRHEA; CANADA; SURVEILLANCE AB Clostridium difficile is a recognized pathogen in neonatal pigs and may contribute to enteritis in calves. Toxinotype V strains have been rare causes of human C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD). We examined toxinotype V in human disease, the genetic relationship of animal and human toxinotype V strains, and in vitro toxin production of these strains. From 2001 through 2006, 8 (1.3%) of 620 patient isolates were identified as toxinotype V; before 2001, 7 (<0.02%) of approximate to 6,000 isolates were identified as toxinotype V. Six (46.2%) of 13 case-patients for whom information was available had community-associated CDAD. Molecular characterization showed a high degree of similarity between human and animal toxinotype V isolates; all contained a 39-bp tcdC deletion and most produced binary toxin. Further study is needed to understand the epidemiology of CDAD caused by toxinotype V C. difficile, including the potential of foodborne transmission to humans. C1 [Zukowski, Walter E.; Johnson, Stuart; Gerding, Dale N.] Edward Hines Vet Adm Med Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. [Songer, Glenn] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Warny, Michael] Acambis Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Gerding, Dale N.; McDonald, L. Clifford] Loyola Univ, Stritch Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Jhung, Michael A.] CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jhung, Michael A.; Thompson, Angela D.; Killgore, George E.; McDonald, L. Clifford; Limbago, Brandi M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jhung, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mjhung@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 128 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 11 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1039 EP 1045 DI 10.3201/eid1407.071641 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 321HG UT WOS:000257294700005 PM 18598622 ER PT J AU Kim, MJ Bancroft, E Lehnkering, E Donlan, RM Mascola, L AF Kim, Moon J. Bancroft, Elizabeth Lehnkering, Eleanor Donlan, Rodney M. Mascola, Laurene TI Alcaligenes xylosoxidans bloodstream infections in outpatient oncology office SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ACHROMOBACTER-XYLOSOXIDANS; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; BACTEREMIA; SALINE; BIOFILMS; CLUSTER; CANCER; UNIT AB In 2002, we investigated a cluster of patients with Alcaligenes xylosoxidans bloodstream infections by conducting a matched case-control study and a prospective study. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on blood culture isolates, and 1 explanted central venous catheter (CVC) was tested for biofilm. We identified 12 cases of A. xylosoxidans bloodstream infection. Case-patients were more likely than controls to have had a CVC (7/7 [100%] vs 4/47 [8.7%], respectively; p<0.0001). Ten case isolates were indistinguishable by PFGE analysis, and A. xylosoxidans biofilm from the CVC matched the outbreak strain. We observed multiple breaches in infection control, which may have caused contamination of multidose vials used to flush the CVCs. Our study links A. xylosoxidans with CVC biofilm and highlights areas for regulation and oversight in outpatient settings. C1 [Kim, Moon J.] Los Angeles County Dept Publ Hlth, Acute Commun Dis Control Program, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. [Donlan, Rodney M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kim, MJ (reprint author), Los Angeles County Dept Publ Hlth, Acute Commun Dis Control Program, 313 N Figueroa St,Rm 222, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. EM mokim@ph.lacounty.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1046 EP 1052 DI 10.3201/eid1407.070894 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 321HG UT WOS:000257294700007 ER PT J AU Chang, DC Anderson, S Wannemuehler, K Engelthaler, DM Erhart, L Sunenshine, RH Burwell, LA Park, BJ AF Chang, Douglas C. Anderson, Shoana Wannemuehler, Kathleen Engelthaler, David M. Erhart, Laura Sunenshine, Rebecca H. Burwell, Lauren A. Park, Benjamin J. TI Testing for coccidioidomycosis among patients with community-acquired pneumonia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PRACTICE GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT; ADULTS; DISEASE AB Coccidioidomycosis is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in disease-endemic areas. Because testing rates influence interpretation of reportable-disease data and quality of CAP patient care, we determined the proportion of CAP patients who were tested for Coccidioides spp., identified testing predictors, and determined the proportion of tested patients who had positive coccidioidomycosis results. Cohort studies to determine the proportion of ambulatory CAP patients who were tested in 2 healthcare systems in metropolitan Phoenix found testing rates of 2% and 13%. A case-control study identified significant predictors of testing to be age >= 18 years, rash, chest pain, and symptoms for >= 14 days. Serologic testing confirmed coccidioidomycosis in 9 (15%) of 60 tested patients, suggesting that the proportion of CAP caused by coccidioidomycosis was substantial. However, because Coccidioides spp. testing among CAP patients was infrequent, reportable-disease data, which rely on positive diagnostic test results, greatly underestimate the true disease prevalence. C1 [Chang, Douglas C.] CDC, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chang, Douglas C.; Wannemuehler, Kathleen; Burwell, Lauren A.; Park, Benjamin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Anderson, Shoana; Engelthaler, David M.; Erhart, Laura; Sunenshine, Rebecca H.] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. RP Chang, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM douglas.chang1@ihs.gov NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1053 EP 1059 DI 10.3201/eid1407.070832 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 321HG UT WOS:000257294700008 PM 18598625 ER PT J AU Qiu, WG Bruno, JF McCaig, WD Xu, Y Livey, I Schriefer, ME Luft, BJ AF Qiu, We-Gang Bruno, John F. McCaig, William D. Xu, Yun Livey, Ian Schriefer, Martin E. Luft, Benjamin J. TI Wide distribution of a high-virulence Borrelia burgdorferi clone in Europe and North America SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; SENSU-STRICTO; GENETIC DIVERSITY; OSPC GENE; SEQUENCE; LATO; ASSOCIATION; EVOLUTION; EXCHANGE AB The A and B clones of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, distinguished by outer surface protein C (ospC) gene sequences, are commonly associated with disseminated Lyme disease, To resolve phylogenetic relationships among isolates, we sequenced 68 isolates from Europe and North America at 1 chromosomal locus (16S-23S ribosomal RNA spacer) and 3 plasmid loci (ospC, dbpA, and BBD14). The ospC-A clone appeared to be highly prevalent on both continents, and isolates of this clone were uniform in DNA sequences, which suggests a recent trans-oceanic migration. The genetic homogeneity of ospC-A isolates was confirmed by sequences at 6 additional chromosomal housekeeping loci (gap, alr, glpA, xylB, ackA, and tgt). In contrast, the ospC-B group consists of genotypes distinct to each continent, indicating geographic isolation. We conclude that the ospC-A clone has dispersed rapidly and widely in the recent past. The spread of the ospC-A clone may have contributed, and likely continues to contribute, to the rise of Lyme disease incidence. C1 [Qiu, We-Gang] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Bruno, John F.; Xu, Yun; Luft, Benjamin J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Livey, Ian] Baxter Innovat GmBH, Orth, Austria. [Schriefer, Martin E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Qiu, WG (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Biol Sci, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM weigang@genectr.hunter.cuny.edu OI McCaig, William/0000-0002-3375-8710; Luft, Benjamin/0000-0001-9008-7004 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03037, G12 RR003037]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI37256, R01 AI049003, AI49003]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM083722-01, SC3 GM083722] NR 39 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1097 EP 1104 DI 10.3201/eid1407.070880 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 321HG UT WOS:000257294700014 PM 18598631 ER PT J AU Roellig, DM Brown, EL Barnabe, C Tibayrenc, M Steurert, FJ Yabsley, MJ AF Roellig, Dawn M. Brown, Emily L. Barnabe, Christian Tibayrenc, Michel Steurert, Frank J. Yabsley, Michael J. TI Molecular typing of Trypanosoma cruzi isolates, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHAGAS-DISEASE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; LINEAGES; AMERICA; GENES; DNA AB Studies have characterized Trypanosoma cruzi from parasite-endemic regions. With new human cases, increasing numbers of veterinary cases, and influx of potentially infected immigrants, understanding the ecology of this organism in the United States is imperative. We used a classic typing scheme to determine the lineage of 107 isolates from various hosts. C1 [Roellig, Dawn M.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Barnabe, Christian; Tibayrenc, Michel] Inst Rech Dev, Montpellier, France. [Steurert, Frank J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Roellig, DM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, 589 DW Brooks Dr,Wildlife Hlth Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM droellig@uga.edu RI Barnabe, Christian/R-2904-2016 OI Barnabe, Christian/0000-0003-1857-0741 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R15 AI067304-01A1, R15 AI067304] NR 15 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1123 EP 1125 DI 10.3201/eid1407.080175 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 321HG UT WOS:000257294700020 PM 18598637 ER PT J AU Crawford, DC Zimmer, SM Morin, CA Messonnier, NE Lynfield, R Yi, Q Shephard, C Wong, M Rieder, MJ Livingston, RJ Nickerson, DA Whitney, CG Lingappa, J AF Crawford, Dana C. Zimmer, Shanta M. Morin, Craig A. Messonnier, Nancy E. Lynfield, Ruth Yi, Qian Shephard, Cynthia Wong, Michelle Rieder, Mark J. Livingston, Robert J. Nickerson, Deborah A. Whitney, Cynthia G. Lingappa, Jairam TI Integrating host genomics with surveillance for invasive bacterial diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COFACTOR PROTEIN MCP; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; CD46; DNA AB We tested the feasibility of linking Active Bacterial Core surveillance, a prospective, population-based surveillance system for invasive bacterial disease, to a newborn dried blood spot (nDBS) repository. Using nDBS specimens, we resequenced CD46, putative host gene receptor for Neisseria meningitidis, and identified variants associated with susceptibility to this disease. C1 [Lingappa, Jairam] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Crawford, Dana C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN USA. [Zimmer, Shanta M.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Morin, Craig A.; Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Messonnier, Nancy E.; Whitney, Cynthia G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lingappa, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med, Box 359927, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lingappa@u.washington.edu RI Crawford, Dana/C-1054-2012 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL066682, U01 HL66682, U01 HL66728]; NIEHS NIH HHS [N01 ES15478, N01ES15478] NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1138 EP 1140 DI 10.3201/eid1407.071287 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 321HG UT WOS:000257294700024 PM 18598642 ER PT J AU Komar, N Olsen, B AF Komar, Nicholas Olsen, Bjorn TI Avian influenza virus (H5N1) mortality surveillance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID WILD BIRDS; SPREAD C1 [Komar, Nicholas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Olsen, Bjorn] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nkomar@cdc.gov OI Olsen, Bjorn/0000-0002-4646-691X NR 10 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1176 EP 1178 DI 10.3201/eid1407.080161 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 321HG UT WOS:000257294700041 PM 18598659 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI 'Much madness is divinest sense" SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1183 EP 1184 DI 10.3201/eid1407.000000 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 321HG UT WOS:000257294700044 PM 18598663 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Wong, LY Ye, XY Reidy, JA Needham, LL AF Calafat, Antonia M. Wong, Lee-Yang Ye, Xiaoyun Reidy, John A. Needham, Larry L. TI Concentrations of the sunscreen agent benzophenone-3 in residents of the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE benzophenone-3; biomonitoring; exposure; human; NHANES 2003-2004; sunscreen; urine ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; UV FILTERS; SUN PROTECTION; WASTE-WATER; SYSTEMIC ABSORPTION; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; TOPICAL APPLICATION; HUMAN SKIN; MALE-RATS; IN-VITRO AB BACKGROUND: The capability of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) to absorb and dissipate ultraviolet radiation facilitates its use as a sunscreen agent. BP-3 has other uses in many consumer products (e.g., as fragrance and flavor enhancer, photoinitiator, ultraviolet curing agent, polymerization inhibitor). \ OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to assess exposure to BP-3 in a representative sample of the U.S. general population >= 6 years of age. METHODS: Using automated solid-phase extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we analyzed 2,517 urine samples collected as part of the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. RESULTS: We detected BP-3 in 96.8% of the samples. The geometric mean and 95th percentile concentrations were 22.9 mu g/L (22.2 mu g/g creatinine) and 1,040 mu g/L (1,070 mu g/g creatinine), respectively. Least-square geometric mean (LSGM) concentrations were significantly higher (p <= 0.04) for females than for males, regardless of age. LSGM concentrations were significantly higher for non-Hispanic whites than for non-Hispanic blacks (p <= 0.01), regardless of age. Females were more likely than males [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.5; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.9-6.5], and non-Hispanic whites were more likely than non-Hispanic blacks (adjusted OR = 6.8; 95% CI, 2.9-16.2) to have concentrations above the 95th percentile. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to BP-3 was prevalent in the general U.S. population during 2003-2004. Differences by sex and race/ethnicity probably reflect differences in use of personal care products containing BP-3. C1 [Calafat, Antonia M.; Wong, Lee-Yang; Ye, Xiaoyun; Reidy, John A.; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 44 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 5 U2 44 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 116 IS 7 BP 893 EP 897 DI 10.1289/ehp.11269 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 319ST UT WOS:000257185000032 PM 18629311 ER PT J AU Dignam, TA Lojo, J Meyer, PA Norman, E Sayre, A Flanders, WD AF Dignam, Timothy A. Lojo, Jose Meyer, Pamela A. Norman, Ed Sayre, Amy Flanders, W. Dana TI Reduction of elevated blood lead levels in children in North Carolina and Vermont, 1996-1999 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE blood lead level; capillary; chelation; children; surveillance; venous ID EXPOSURE; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; CAPILLARY; TOXICITY; CITY AB BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined factors related to the time required for children's blood lead levels (BLLs) >= 10 mu g/dL to decline to < 10 mu g/dL. OBJECTIVES: We used routinely collected surveillance data to determine the length of time and risk factors associated with reducing elevated BLLs in children below the level of concern of 10 mu g/dL. METHODS: From the North Carolina and Vermont state surveillance databases, we identified a retrospective cohort of 996 children < 6 years of age whose first two blood lead tests produced levels >= 10 mu g/dL during 1996-1999. Data were stratified into five categories of qualifying BLLs and analyzed using Cox regression. Survival curves were used to describe the time until BLLs declined below the level of concern. We compared three different analytic methods to account for children lost to follow-up. RESULTS: On average, it required slightly more than 1 year (382 days) for a child's BLL to decline to < 10 mu g/dL, with the highest BLLs taking even longer. The BLLs of black children [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.71-0.99], males (HRmale = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.98), and children from rural areas (HRrural = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97) took longer to fall below 10 mu g/dL than those of other children, after controlling for qualifying BLL and other covariates. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that including censored children estimated a longer time for BLL reduction than when using linear interpolation or when excluding censored children. CONCLUSION: Children with high confirmatory BLLs, black children, males, and children from rural areas may need additional attention during case management to expedite their BLL reduction time to < 10 mu g/dL. Analytic methods that do not account for loss to follow-up may underestimate the time it takes for BLLs to fall below the recommended target level. C1 [Dignam, Timothy A.; Meyer, Pamela A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lojo, Jose; Flanders, W. Dana] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Norman, Ed] N Carolina Div Environm Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. [Sayre, Amy] Vermont Dept Hlth, Vermont Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Dignam, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tdignam@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 116 IS 7 BP 981 EP 985 DI 10.1289/ehp.10548 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 319ST UT WOS:000257185000046 PM 18629325 ER PT J AU Li, Z Sandau, CD Romanoff, LC Caudill, SP Sjodin, A Needham, LL Patterson, DG AF Li, Zheng Sandau, Courtney D. Romanoff, Lovisa C. Caudill, Samuel P. Sjodin, Andreas Needham, Larry L. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. TI Concentration and profile of 22 urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in the US population SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PAH; 1-hydroxypyrene; reference range; NHANES; biomarker ID COKE-OVEN WORKERS; RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE LEVELS; EXCRETION KINETICS; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DERMAL ROUTE; PAH EXPOSURE; CANCER RISK; AMBIENT AIR AB Urinary monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are a class of PAH metabolites used as biomarkers for assessing human exposure to PAHs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) uses OH-PAHs to establish reference range concentrations for the US population, and to set benchmarks for future epidemiologic and biomonitoring studies. For the years 2001 and 2002, 22 OH-PAH metabolites were measured in urine specimens from 2748 NHANES participants. Percentages of samples with detectable levels ranged from nearly 100% for metabolites of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, to less than 5% for metabolites from parent compounds with higher molecular weight such as chrysene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, and benz[a]anthracene. The geometric mean for 1-hydroxypyrene (1-PYR)-the most commonly used biomarker for PAH exposure-was 49.6 ng/L urine, or 46.4 ng/g creatinine. Children (ages 6-11) generally had higher levels than did adolescents (ages 12-19) or adults (ages 20 and older). Model-adjusted, least-square geometric means for 1-PYR were 87, 53 and 43 ng/L for children, adolescents (ages 12-19) and adults (ages 20 years and older), respectively. Log-transformed concentrations for major detectable OH-PAHs were significantly correlated with each other. The correlation coefficients between 1-PYR and other metabolites ranging from 0.17 to 0.63 support the use of 1-PYR as a useful surrogate representing PAR exposure. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Zheng; Romanoff, Lovisa C.; Caudill, Samuel P.; Sjodin, Andreas; Needham, Larry L.; Patterson, Donald G., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Sandau, Courtney D.] TRIUM Environm Solut Inc, Calgary, AB T4C 1Z6, Canada. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,F53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ZhengJLi@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010; Sandau, Courtney/D-9555-2015 OI Sandau, Courtney/0000-0002-4387-3480 NR 52 TC 113 Z9 129 U1 7 U2 55 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 107 IS 3 BP 320 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.01.013 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 316PA UT WOS:000256961000005 PM 18313659 ER PT J AU Morgan, MK Stout, DM Jones, PA Barr, DB AF Morgan, Marsha K. Stout, Daniel M. Jones, Paul A. Barr, Dana B. TI An observational study of the potential for human exposures to pet-borne diazinon residues following lawn applications SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diazinon; children; biomonitoring; pet dogs; residences ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; URINE SAMPLES; METABOLITES; SPECTROMETRY; DOGS; FUR AB This study examined the potential for pet dogs to be an important pathway for transporting diazinon residues into homes and onto its occupants following residential lawn applications. The primary objectives were to investigate the potential exposures of occupants and their pet dogs to diazinon after an application to turf at their residences and to determine if personal contacts between occupants and their pet dogs resulted in measurable exposures. It was conducted from April to August 2001 before the Agency phased out all residential uses of diazinon in December 2004. Six families and their pet dogs were recruited into the study. Monitoring was conducted at pre-, 1, 2, 4, and 8 days post-application of a commercial, granular formulation of diazinon to the lawn by the homeowner. Environmental samples collected included soil, indoor air, carpet dust, and transferable residues from lawns and floors. Samples collected from the pet dogs consisted of paw wipes, fur clippings, and transferable residues from the fur by a technician or child wearing a cotton glove(s). First morning void (FMV) urine samples were collected from each child and his/her parent on each sampling day. Diazinon was analyzed in all samples, except urine, by GC-MS. The metabolite 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMPy) was analyzed in the urine samples by HPLC-MS/MS. Mean airborne residues of diazinon on day 1 post-application were at least six times higher in both the living rooms (235 +/- 267 ng/m(3)) and children's bedrooms (179 +/- 246 ng/m(3)) than at pre-application. Mean loadings of diazinon in carpet dust samples were at least 20 times greater on days 2, 4, and 8 post-application than mean loadings (0.03 +/- 0.04 ng/cm(2)) at pre-application. The pet dogs had over 900 times higher mean loadings of diazinon residues on their paws on day 1 post-application (88.1 +/- 100.1 ng/cm(2)) compared to mean loadings (<0.09 ng/cm(2)) at pre-application. The mean diazinon loadings on the fur clippings were at least 14 times higher on days 1, 2, 4, and 8 post-application than mean loadings (0.8 +/- 0.4 ng/cm(2)) at pre-application. For transferable residues from dog fur, the mean loadings of diazinon on the technician's cotton glove samples were the lowest before application (0.04 +/- 0.08 ng/cm(2)) and the highest on day 1 post-application(10.4 +/- 23.9 ng/cm(2)) of diazinon to turf. Urinary IMPy concentrations for the participants ranged from < 0.3 to 5.5 ng/mL before application and < 0.3-12.5 ng/mL after application of diazinon. The mean urinary IMPy concentrations for children or adults were not statistically different (p > 0.05) at pre-application compared to post-application of diazinon to turf. The results showed that the participants and their pet dogs were likely exposed to low levels of diazinon residues from several sources (i.e., air, dust, and soil), through several pathways and routes, after lawn applications at these residences. Lastly, the pet dog appears to be an important pathway for the transfer and translocation of diazinon residues inside the homes and likely exposed occupants through personal contacts (i.e., petting). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Morgan, Marsha K.; Stout, Daniel M.; Jones, Paul A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morgan, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM morgan.marsha@epa.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 107 IS 3 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.03.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 316PA UT WOS:000256961000007 PM 18448091 ER PT J AU Majowicz, SE Hall, G Scallan, E Adak, GK Gauci, C Jones, TF O'Brien, S Henao, O Sockett, PN AF Majowicz, S. E. Hall, G. Scallan, E. Adak, G. K. Gauci, C. Jones, T. F. O'Brien, S. Henao, O. Sockett, P. N. CA Int Collaborat On Enter Dis Burden TI A common, symptom-based case definition for gastroenteritis SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS INTESTINAL DISEASE; POPULATION-BASED ESTIMATE; UNITED-STATES; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; BURDEN; COMMUNITY; ILLNESS; NETHERLANDS; MAGNITUDE; CHILDREN AB National studies determining the burden of gastroenteritis have defined gastroenteritis by its clinical picture, using symptoms to classify cases and non-cases. The use of different case definitions has complicated inter-country comparisons. We selected four case definitions from the literature, applied these to population data from Australia, Canada, Ireland, Malta and the United States, and evaluated how the epidemiology of illness varied. Based on the results, we developed a standard case definition. The choice of case definition impacted on the observed incidence of gastroenteritis, with a 1.5-2.1 times difference between definitions in a given country. The proportion of cases with bloody diarrhoea, fever, and the proportion who sought medical care and submitted a stool sample also varied. The mean age of cases varied by < 5 years under the four definitions. To ensure comparability of results between studies, we recommend a standard symptom-based case definition, and minimum set of results to be reported. C1 [Majowicz, S. E.; Sockett, P. N.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Foodborne Waterborne & Zoonot Infect Div, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Majowicz, S. E.; Sockett, P. N.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Foodborne Waterborne & Zoonot Infect Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Majowicz, S. E.; Sockett, P. N.] Univ Guelph, Dept Populat Med, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Hall, G.] Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Scallan, E.; Henao, O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Adak, G. K.] Ctr Infect, Dept Gastrointestinal Infect, Hlth Protect Agcy, London, England. [Gauci, C.] Dept Publ Hlth, Dis Surveillance Unit, Msida, Malta. [Jones, T. F.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [O'Brien, S.] Univ Manchester, Div Med & Neurosci, Sch Med, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Scallan, E (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE MSD63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM escallan@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 886 EP 894 DI 10.1017/S0950268807009375 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 348GI UT WOS:000259198600003 PM 17686196 ER PT J AU Mueller, MR Hayden, MK Fridkin, SK Warren, DK Phillips, L Lolans, K Quinn, JP AF Mueller, M. R. Hayden, M. K. Fridkin, S. K. Warren, D. K. Phillips, L. Lolans, K. Quinn, J. P. TI Nosocomial acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to both ciprofloxacin and imipenem: a risk factor and laboratory analysis SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MULTIDRUG EFFLUX SYSTEM; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; MEXE-MEXF-OPRN; FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; MECHANISMS; DNA; REGULATOR; EMERGENCE AB In vitro, ciprofloxacin can select for dual resistance to fluoroquinolones and imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa via a mutation in the regulatory gene, mexT, which downregulates OprD and upregulates MexEF-OprN. We performed a nested case-control study of patients in two medical intensive care units participating in an observational cohort study. Patients colonized or infected with P. aeruginosa resistant to both ciprofloxacin and imipenem (cases) were compared to controls. The presence of OprD and OprN from cases was evaluated by Western blot. In total, 44 cases were compared to 132 controls. Imipenem exposure [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 11.4, p=0.044] was significantly associated with case status, but fluoroquinolone use was not (AOR=1.0, p=0.998). Neither OprD nor OprN were detected in any isolate. Fluoroquinolone use was not a risk factor for acquisitions of dually resistant P. aeruginosa. The absence of OprN in these isolates suggests that dual resistance is not due to mexT mutations. C1 [Quinn, J. P.] John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Lolans, K.; Quinn, J. P.] Chicago Infect Dis Res Inst, Chicago, IL USA. [Warren, D. K.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. [Fridkin, S. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hayden, M. K.; Phillips, L.; Quinn, J. P.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Mueller, M. R.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Quinn, JP (reprint author), John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Div Infect Dis, 1900 W Polk,Rm 1236, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM ESBLman@yahoo.com OI Warren, David/0000-0001-8679-8241 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 27 IS 7 BP 565 EP 570 DI 10.1007/s10096-008-0475-9 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 313QL UT WOS:000256755000009 PM 18299909 ER PT J AU Blanton, JD Rupprecht, CE AF Blanton, Jesse D. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Travel vaccination for rabies SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT Review DE rabies; travel medicine; vaccination; zoonosis ID POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; UNITED-STATES; LYSSAVAC-N; IMMUNOGENICITY; PREEXPOSURE; REGIMEN; VIRUS; LYSSAVIRUSES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION AB Rabies is a widely distributed zoonotic disease of major public-health importance. While canine rabies has been controlled throughout most of the developed world, it remains a significant burden in developing countries, particularly in Africa and Asia. Owing to the effectiveness of local rabies control in industrialized countries, the lack of familiarity with rabies may place certain travelers to countries with a higher prevalence of rabies at higher risk for potential contact with rabid animals, requiring rabies postexposure prophylaxis. Where necessary, some travelers may need to consider rabies pre-exposure vaccination, depending on planned activities and duration of travel within a given country. Education regarding behavior around unfamiliar animals and general familiarity with local rabies epidemiology is often sufficient to reduce a person's risk of exposure. Travelers to countries where rabies is prevalent should balance the cost and inconvenience of immunization to the benefits of rabies pre-exposure vaccination. C1 [Blanton, Jesse D.; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Blanton, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM asi5@cdc.gov; cyr5@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 EI 1744-8395 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD JUL PY 2008 VL 7 IS 5 BP 613 EP 620 DI 10.1586/14760584.7.5.613 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 325VU UT WOS:000257617400014 PM 18564016 ER PT J AU McClellan, A Soucie, J Presley, R Beckman, M Kulkarni, R AF McClellan, A. Soucie, J. Presley, R. Beckman, M. Kulkarni, R. CA Universal Data Collection Project Thrombosis Hemostasis Ctr TI Enhancing surveillance and registry activities with geographic information systems SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McClellan, A.; Soucie, J.; Presley, R.; Beckman, M.; Kulkarni, R.; Universal Data Collection Project; Thrombosis Hemostasis Ctr] CDC, NCBDDD, DBD, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 SU 2 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 295VK UT WOS:000255501800167 ER PT J AU Srivastava, A Hoots, WK Soucie, JM Ludlam, CA AF Srivastava, A. Hoots, W. K. Soucie, J. M. Ludlam, C. A. TI Linking the world with training and research for improving haemophilia care SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article ID PARVOVIRUS B19; THERAPY; MALES; PROPHYLAXIS C1 [Srivastava, A.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India. [Hoots, W. K.] Gulf State Hemophilia Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Soucie, J. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ludlam, C. A.] Royal Infirm, Haemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Srivastava, A (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 SU 3 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01712.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 305NO UT WOS:000256185300007 PM 18510521 ER PT J AU Neton, JW Howard, J Elliott, LJ AF Neton, James W. Howard, John Elliott, Larry J. TI Radiation dose reconstruction program of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Overview SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE monitoring, personal; dose assessment; exposure, occupational; nuclear workers AB Over the past 65 years, hundreds of thousands of workers have been engaged in nuclear weapons-related activities for the U.S. Department of Energy or its predecessor agencies. To date, almost 27,000 such employees (or their survivors) have filed claims under Part B of the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000, which provides monetary compensation and medical benefits to energy employees who have developed certain types of cancer that have been determined, under the guidelines of the program, to have resulted from occupational radiation exposure covered under the Act. Although it is difficult to predict the number of cancer claims that will be evaluated under this program, the number could double or triple. In each case, the processing of a claim requires that the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health reconstruct the radiation dose received by the employee followed by a determination by the U.S. Department of Labor as to whether the employee was "at least as likely as not" to have sustained the cancer as a result of his or her occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. Although some of the dose assessments are straightforward, many are extremely complex due to (1) missing, non-interpretable, or undocumented records; (2) a wide variety of external and internal exposure conditions; and/or (3) highly variable work assignments and work loads. The program objectives are to process claims in an effective, efficient, and timely manner. One of the initial challenges was to develop the necessary infrastructure to meet these objectives. Subsequent challenges included documenting that assessments are fair and scientifically consistent. Ensuring that each claimant receives the "benefit of the doubt" in any cases where the required background information and data are ambiguous or not available is also an important objective. Fortunately, there are some aspects of the processing requirements that have tended to reduce the complexity, two examples being that compensation is based on exposures that occurred during covered employment after a cancer has developed and that the required dose estimates are for individual body organs, not effective doses. Throughout the process, every effort has been made to ensure that the dose assessments have the support of the best available science. C1 [Neton, James W.; Elliott, Larry J.] NIOSH, CDC, OD, Robert A Taft Labs,Off Compensat Anal & Support, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Howard, John] NIOSH, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Neton, JW (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, OD, Robert A Taft Labs,Off Compensat Anal & Support, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM jfn2@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000282041.02661.3a PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 313FJ UT WOS:000256726200002 PM 18545024 ER PT J AU Kenoyer, JL Scalsky, ED Taulbee, TD AF Kenoyer, Judson L. Scalsky, Edward D. Taulbee, Timothy D. TI Development of site profiles for dose reconstruction used in worker compensation claims SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose reconstruction; exposure, occupational; environmental assessment; nuclear workers AB For the purpose of dose reconstruction, personal dosimeter data and measured intakes through bioassay analysis (i.e., in-vivo and in-vitro measurements) should be used whenever possible and given precedence over area monitoring data, survey data, or source term data. However, this is not always possible. A worker's exposure record may be incomplete or missing, or, based on directives and guidelines at the time, a worker may not have been monitored during his or her time of employment. In an effort to recognize, analyze, and incorporate all possible considerations of potential exposures, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Radiation Dose Reconstruction Program developed "site profiles" for all of the major U.S. Department of Energy sites and Atomic Weapons Employer sites. Site profiles are technical documents that (1) provide a brief, general overview of the site; (2) identify the facilities on site with a brief description of the processes and radionuclides used in these processes; (3) contain detailed information on the historical detection limits for film, thermoluminescent dosimeter, and bioassay measurements that are used by the dose reconstructor to interpret a worker's available monitoring records; and (4) provide important supporting information for the dose reconstructor to use if the monitoring data are inadequate or unavailable. When a complete set of monitoring data for an individual is unavailable, it is the parameters in the site profile that are of the most use to the dose reconstructor. These parameters include facility monitoring data (by radionuclide, mechanism of intake, year of exposure, location within a facility); occupational medical x rays and techniques used; environmental measurements (by area on site, radiation type, energy range); minimum detectable activities of the types and kinds of instruments used to detect the different radionuclides; specific source terms (quantities of material and their molecular form) within each facility or process; and specifics of the overall dosimetry programs as they evolved over time. An additional benefit of having a site profile for a site is that it promotes consistency among the numerous health physicists that are working on the project. Resources used in the development of site profiles include technical basis documents for external and internal dosimetry programs, facility descriptions, environmental reports, safety analysis reports, input from past and present site workers, and other reports that have been written to describe the workplace environments within the facilities. C1 [Kenoyer, Judson L.; Scalsky, Edward D.] Dade Moeller & Associates Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Taulbee, Timothy D.] NIOSH, Off Compensat Anal & Support, Robert A Taft Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Kenoyer, JL (reprint author), Dade Moeller & Associates Inc, 2750 Prosperity Ave,Suite 500, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. EM jkenoyer@moellerinc.com FU PHS HHS [200-2002-0593] NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000300755.20134.54 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 313FJ UT WOS:000256726200007 PM 18545029 ER PT J AU Brackett, EM Allen, DE Siebert, SR La Bone, TR AF Brackett, Elizabeth M. Allen, David E. Siebert, Scott R. La Bone, Thomas R. TI Internal dose reconstruction under Part B of the energy employees compensation act SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose reconstruction; dosimetry, internal; bioassay; occupational exposure ID BIOASSAY AB The reconstruction of internal doses under Part B of the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act differs in multiple ways from that used in a typical operational setting. There are, for example, no limits at or above which doses must be assessed; all doses, including unmonitored or potentially undetected doses, must be reconstructed. In addition, the primary dose of concern is that delivered to the organ in which the cancer originated, and only the dose delivered to that organ prior to the time the cancer was diagnosed is relevant. Additional challenges are presented in the requirement to partition dose by radiation type and energy rather than by radionuclide, the need to include any potential dose that could have been received but was unmonitored or undetected, the inability to collect follow-up samples, and, in many cases, a general lack of information regarding the employee's work history, such as specific duties or location within a site. To overcome these challenges, the NIOSH dose reconstruction program has adopted a set of default values that include assumptions that are favorable to the claimant when there is more than one plausible choice. Due to the large number of claims that must be reconstructed, efforts are continuously underway to expedite the rate at which they can be processed. This is being achieved by taking advantage of situations in which it can be documented that more detailed evaluations would not change the outcome of the adjudication of the claim. C1 [Brackett, Elizabeth M.; Siebert, Scott R.; La Bone, Thomas R.] MJW Corp, Amherst, NY 14228 USA. [Allen, David E.] NIOSH, Off Compensat Anal & Support, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Brackett, EM (reprint author), MJW Corp, 1900 Sweet Home Rd, Amherst, NY 14228 USA. EM ebrackett@oraucoc.org FU PHS HHS [200-2002-0593] NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000298227.18301.37 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 313FJ UT WOS:000256726200009 PM 18545031 ER PT J AU Ulsh, BA Rich, BL Chew, MH Morris, RL Sharfi, M Rolfes, MR AF Ulsh, Brant A. Rich, Bryce L. Chew, Melton H. Morris, Robert L. Sharfi, Mutty Rolfes, Mark R. TI Establishing bounding internal dose estimates for thorium activities at Rocky Flats SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose reconstruction; dose assessment; thorium; Th-232 AB As part of an evaluation of a Special Exposure Cohort petition filed on behalf of workers at the Rocky Flats Plant, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was required to demonstrate that bounding values could be established for radiation doses due to the potential intake of all radionuclides present at the facility. The main radioactive elements of interest at Rocky Flats were plutonium and uranium, but much smaller quantities of several other elements, including thorium, were occasionally handled at the site. Bounding potential doses from thorium has proven challenging at other sites due to the early historical difficulty in detecting this element through urinalysis methods and the relatively high internal dose delivered per unit intake. This paper reports the results of NIOSH's investigation of the uses of thorium at Rocky Flats and provides bounding dose reconstructions for these operations. During this investigation, NIOSH reviewed unclassified reports, unclassified extracts of classified materials, material balance and inventory ledgers, monthly progress reports from various groups, and health physics field logbooks, and conducted interviews with former Rocky Flats workers. Thorium operations included: (1) an experimental metal forming project with 240 kg of thorium in 1960; (2) the use of pre-formed parts in weapons mockups; (3) the removal of Th-228 from U-233; (4) numerous analytical procedures involving trace quantities of thorium; and (5) the possible experimental use of thorium as a mold coating compound. The thorium handling operations at Rocky Flats were limited in scope, well-monitored and documented, and potential doses can be bounded. C1 [Ulsh, Brant A.; Rolfes, Mark R.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Rich, Bryce L.; Chew, Melton H.; Morris, Robert L.] MH Chew & Associates Inc, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Sharfi, Mutty] MJW Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ulsh, BA (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop C-46, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM bau6@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000298818.68780.a7 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 313FJ UT WOS:000256726200010 PM 18545032 ER PT J AU Merwin, SE Smith, MH Winslow, RC McCartney, KA Fix, JJ Taulbee, TD Macievic, GL AF Merwin, Steven E. Smith, Matthew H. Winslow, Robert C. McCartney, Keith A. Fix, Jack J. Taulbee, Timothy D. Macievic, Gregory L. TI External dose reconstruction under Part B of the energy employees compensation act SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose reconstruction; dose, external; dosimetry, external; nuclear workers AB External (loses reconstructed under Part B of the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act include not only those that were recorded by personal dosimeters, but also those that were not recorded. Recorded doses may require corrections to account for measurement bias or limitations in the dosimeters' capabilities. Unrecorded doses that have been reconstructed include (1) those missed due to limits of detection associated with personal dosimeters, (2) external ambient doses that may have been inadvertently omitted from the monitoring results (or were not monitored altogether in the case of nonradiation workers), and (3) doses incurred as a result of medical x-ray examinations required by employers. Additionally, some workers were not monitored (or their dosimetry data are not available) even though there was a potential for exposure; doses to such workers are typically assigned based on the records of coworkers who performed the same, or similar, tasks. Additional issues that complicate the dose reconstruction process include, the requirements that (1) all external doses must be partitioned according to radiation type and energy, and (2) the accompanying doses to specific body organs must be estimated. Since the external dose reconstruction process typically incorporates many claimant-favorable methodologies, parameters, and assumptions, the doses assigned do not necessarily reflect either realistic or actual estimates of the doses received, and external doses assigned to workers under the Act often are substantially higher than those contained in the dosimetry records. C1 [Merwin, Steven E.; Smith, Matthew H.; Winslow, Robert C.; Fix, Jack J.] Dade Moeller & Associates, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [McCartney, Keith A.] Dade Moeller & Associates, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. [Taulbee, Timothy D.; Macievic, Gregory L.] NIOSH, Off Compensat Anal & Support, Cincinnati, OH 45230 USA. RP Merwin, SE (reprint author), Dade Moeller & Associates, 1835 Terminal Dr,Suite 200, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM semerwin@moellerinc.com FU PHS HHS [200-2002-0593] NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000286777.82287.26 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 313FJ UT WOS:000256726200012 PM 18545034 ER PT J AU Shockley, VE Kathren, RL Thomas, EM AF Shockley, Vernon E. Kathren, Ronald L. Thomas, Elyse M. TI Reconstruction of doses from occupationally related medical X-ray examinations SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose reconstruction; x-ray machines; diagnostic radiology; medical radiation ID RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATIONS; HEALTH-PHYSICS; RADIATION; EXPOSURE; PROTECTION; PROGRAM AB Many nuclear weapons complex workers were required to undergo medical x-ray examinations as a condition of their employment. To ensure that their dose reconstructions are complete, it is necessary to include the contributions from these examinations. X-ray procedures that must be evaluated include: (1) posterior-anterior and lateral radiography, and/or photofluorography, of the chest; (2) anterior-posterior, lateral and oblique lumbar, cervical and thoracic radiography of the spine; and (3) radiography of the pelvis. Each is discussed in the context of conditions that existed during the time the worker was employed. For purposes of dose reconstruction, the x-ray beam size is especially important because the dose conversion factors (DCFs) for each specific body organ depend on whether it was in, or on the periphery of, the primary beam. The approach adopted was to use the DCFs, combined with the entrance kerma, to estimate the organ doses. In cases in which beam output data or information on the primary factors influencing the dose are not available, methods to provide conservative (i.e., claimant-favorable) entrance kerma and dose estimates are adopted. These include specific default values for chest radiography. To account for uncertainties, the estimated doses due to x-ray examinations are increased by 30%. C1 [Shockley, Vernon E.] Dade Moeller & Associates, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Kathren, Ronald L.] Washington State Univ Tri Cities, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Thomas, Elyse M.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Dose Reconstruct Project, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. RP Shockley, VE (reprint author), Dade Moeller & Associates, 1835 Terminal Dr,Suite 200, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM SHOCKLEYX2@aol.com FU PHS HHS [200-2002-0593] NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000290611.81586.75 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 313FJ UT WOS:000256726200013 PM 18545035 ER PT J AU Kocher, DC Apostoaei, AI Henshaw, RW Hoffman, FO Schubauer-Berigan, MK Stancescu, DO Thomas, BA Trabalka, JR Gilbert, ES Land, CE AF Kocher, David C. Apostoaei, A. Iulian Henshaw, Russell W. Hoffman, F. Owen Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K. Stancescu, Daniel O. Thomas, Brian A. Trabalka, John R. Gilbert, Ethel S. Land, Charles E. TI Interactive RadioEpidemiological Program (IREP): A web-based tool for estimating probability of causation/assigned share of radiogenic cancers SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose reconstruction; risk analysis; radiation risk; cancer ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; MORTALITY RISK; RADIATION; FRACTIONS; WORKERS AB The Interactive RadioEpidemiological Program (IREP) is a Web-based, interactive computer code that is used to estimate the probability that a given cancer in an individual was induced by given exposures to ionizing radiation. IREP was developed by a Working Group of the National Cancer Institute and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and was adopted and modified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for use in adjudicating claims for compensation for cancer under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000. In this paper, the quantity calculated in IREP is referred to as "probability of causation/assigned share" (PC/AS). PC/AS for a given cancer in an individual is calculated on the basis of an estimate of the excess relative risk (ERR) associated with given radiation exposures and the relationship PC/AS = ERR/ERR+1. IREP accounts for uncertainties in calculating probability distributions of ERR and PC/AS. An accounting of uncertainty is necessary when decisions about granting claims for compensation for cancer are made on the basis of an estimate of the upper 99% credibility limit of PC/AS to give claimants the "benefit of the doubt." This paper discusses models and methods incorporated in IREP to estimate ERR and PC/AS. Approaches to accounting for uncertainty are emphasized, and limitations of IREP are discussed. Although IREP is intended to provide unbiased estimates of ERR and PC/AS and their uncertainties to represent the current state of knowledge, there are situations described in this paper in which NIOSH, as a matter of policy, makes assumptions that give a higher estimate of the upper 99% credibility limit of PC/AS than other plausible alternatives and, thus, are more favorable to claimants. C1 [Kocher, David C.; Apostoaei, A. Iulian; Hoffman, F. Owen; Thomas, Brian A.; Trabalka, John R.] SENES Oak Ridge Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Henshaw, Russell W.; Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Stancescu, Daniel O.] SRA Int Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Gilbert, Ethel S.; Land, Charles E.] NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kocher, DC (reprint author), SENES Oak Ridge Inc, 102 Donner Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM dck@senes.com RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA CP010131-18] NR 51 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 119 EP 147 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000291191.49583.f7 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 313FJ UT WOS:000256726200014 PM 18545036 ER PT J AU Merwin, SE Stewart, DN Smith, MH Potter, KD Hinnefeld, SL AF Merwin, Steven E. Stewart, Donald N. Smith, Matthew H. Potter, Kenneth D. Hinnefeld, Stuart L. TI Implications of claimant-favorable approaches used in dose and probability of causation calculations under EEOICPA SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose reconstruction; dosimetry, internal; dosimetry, external; cancer AB There are many claimant-favorable factors inherent in both the reconstruction of radiation dose and the calculation of probability of causation under Part B of the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000. These factors result in an approximate 30% compensation rate for claims filed under EEOICPA, which is roughly an order of magnitude greater than the likely incidence of increased cancers as predicted by epidemiology studies and risk models. Additionally, there is essentially no chance that a claim that is denied compensation actually involves a radiation-induced cancer. The claimant-favorable nature of the Part B program is often misunderstood or ignored when the merits of the program are reported and debated. This paper provides details on how the technical aspects of the EEOICPA program that favor the claimants are being implemented. C1 [Merwin, Steven E.; Stewart, Donald N.; Smith, Matthew H.; Potter, Kenneth D.] Dade Moeller & Associates, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hinnefeld, Stuart L.] NIOSH, Off Compensat Anal & Support, Cincinnati, OH 45230 USA. RP Merwin, SE (reprint author), Dade Moeller & Associates, 1835 Terminal Dr,Suite 200, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM semerwin@moellerinc.com FU PHS HHS [200-2002-0593] NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 148 EP 159 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000305824.21020.10 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 313FJ UT WOS:000256726200015 PM 18545037 ER PT J AU Neton, JW Elliott, LJ AF Neton, James W. Elliott, Larry J. TI The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Radiation Dose Reconstruction Program: Commentary and conclusions SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Elliott, Larry J.] NIOSH, Off Compensat Anal & Support, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Neton, JW (reprint author), 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-46, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM jneton@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 160 EP 163 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000311550.43768.48 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 313FJ UT WOS:000256726200016 PM 18545038 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA AF Mensah, G. A. TI Ischaemic heart disease in Africa SO HEART LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; MODIFIABLE RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION; DEVELOPING-WORLD; BLACK-POPULATION; GLOBAL BURDEN; SOUTH-AFRICA; PREVENTION AB Ischaemic heart disease (IHD), previously considered rare in sub-Saharan Africa, now ranks 8th among the leading causes of death in men and women in the region. Furthermore, the prevalence of IHD and related morbidity may be increasing as a result of adverse behavioural and lifestyle changes associated with urbanisation and the epidemiological transition. The major risk factors for IHD in sub-Saharan Africa include hypertension, smoking, diabetes, abdominal obesity and dyslipidaemia. In the INTERHEART Africa study, these risk factors contributed a population-attributable risk of nearly 90% for acute myocardial infarction. Many cost-effective interventions exist at the individual and population levels, and they are likely to have a significant health impact in Africa. An aggressive approach that combines environmental, policy and legislative interventions for health promotion and primary prevention, coupled with improved access to evaluation, treatment and control of hypertension and other major risk factors, provides the best strategy for averting an epidemic of IHD in sub-Saharan Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-40,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM GMensah@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 69 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1355-6037 J9 HEART JI Heart PD JUL PY 2008 VL 94 IS 7 BP 836 EP 843 DI 10.1136/hrt.2007.136523 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 313DJ UT WOS:000256721000008 PM 18552223 ER PT J AU Lu, L Tatsunori, N Li, CH Waheed, S Gao, FX Robertson, BH AF Lu, Ling Tatsunori, Nakano Li, Chunhua Waheed, Sana Gao, Fengxiang Robertson, Betty H. TI HCV selection and HVR1 evolution in a chimpanzee chronically infected with HCV-1 over 12 years SO HEPATOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chimpanzee; HCV; HVR1; quasispecies; sequencing ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; HYPERVARIABLE REGION 1; NON-B HEPATITIS; NON-A; INOCULATED CHIMPANZEES; SEQUENCE STABILITY; HYPERIMMUNE SERUM; VIRAL PERSISTENCE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BLOOD-DONORS AB Aim: To study hepatitis C virus (HCV) selection and hypervariable region-1 (HVR1) evolution in a chimpanzee chronically infected with HCV-1 over 12 years after inoculation with a human factor VIII concentrate contaminated with HCV. Methods: From the inoculum, the earliest chimpanzee plasma and 12 annual plasma samples, HCV fragments including HVR1 were amplified followed by cloning and sequencing. Results: Five HCV subtypes - 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a - and multiple 1a strains were identified in the inoculum. Two 1a strains were found in the earliest chimpanzee sample, while a single HCV-1 strain was detected in the 12 annual samples. None of the chimpanzee sequences were identical to those found in the inoculum. Over 12 years, HVR1 patterns changed irregularly, but a few patterns showed identical nucleotide or amino acid sequences. In the last three years, the variety of HVR1 patterns decreased, while the proportion of major patterns increased. These corresponded to a higher virus load and a lower number of amino acid substitutions. Simultaneously, the HVR1 sequences became more similar to the consensus sequence of the 1a subtype. Conclusion: HCV selection was observed from the inoculum to the inoculated chimpanzee and from the early acute hepatitis to the persistent chronic infection. The selection occurred at three levels: among subtypes after transmission, among isolates during acute hepatitis and among quasispecies in chronic infection. C1 [Lu, Ling; Li, Chunhua; Waheed, Sana] Univ Utah, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. [Gao, Fengxiang] New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Labs, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Robertson, Betty H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tatsunori, Nakano] Ichinomiya Nishi Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Aichi, Japan. RP Lu, L (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, 30N 1900E,SOM 4R118, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM ling.lu@hsc.utah.edu NR 56 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1386-6346 J9 HEPATOL RES JI Hepatol. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 704 EP 716 DI 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2008.00320.x PG 13 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 307WX UT WOS:000256351300009 PM 18328069 ER PT J AU Salmon, DA Pan, WKY Omer, SB Navar, AM Orenstein, W Marcuse, EK Taylor, J deHart, MP Stokley, S Carter, T Halsey, NA AF Salmon, Daniel A. Pan, William K. Y. Omer, Saad B. Navar, Ann Marie Orenstein, Walter Marcuse, Edgar K. Taylor, James deHart, M. Patricia Stokley, Shannon Carter, Terrell Halsey, Neal A. TI Vaccine knowledge and practices of primary care providers of exempt vs. vaccinated children SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vaccine and Immunotherapy Technologies CY APR 09-11, 2008 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA DE vaccines; primary care providers; parents; exemptions; school immunizations ID PHILOSOPHICAL EXEMPTIONS; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES; PEDIATRIC RESEARCH; OFFICE SETTINGS; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICIANS; ATTITUDES; BELIEFS; MEASLES; HEALTH AB Objectives: Compare vaccine knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary care providers for fully vaccinated children and children who are exempt from school immunization requirements. Methods: We conducted a mailed survey of parent-identified primary care providers from four states to measure perceived risks and benefits of vaccination and other key immunization beliefs. Frequencies of responses were stratified by type of provider, identified by exempt versus vaccinated children. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for responses by provider type. Results: 551 surveys were completed ( 84.3% response rate). Providers for exempt children had similar attitudes to providers for non- exempt children. However, there were statistically significant increased concerns among providers for exempt children regarding vaccine safety and lack of perceived individual and community benefits for vaccines compared to other providers. Conclusions: The great majority of providers for exempt children had similar attitudes about vaccine safety, effectiveness and benefits as providers of non- exempt children. Although providers for exempt children were more likely to believe that multiple vaccines weaken a child's immune system and were concerned about vaccine safety and less likely to consider vaccines were beneficial, a substantial proportion of providers of both exempt and vaccinated children have concerns about vaccine safety and believe that CDC underestimates the frequency of vaccine side effects. Effective continuing education of providers about the risks and benefits of immunization and including in vaccine recommendations more information on pre and post licensing vaccine safety evaluations may help address these concerns. C1 [Salmon, Daniel A.; Pan, William K. Y.; Omer, Saad B.; Navar, Ann Marie; Halsey, Neal A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Vaccine Safety, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Navar, Ann Marie] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. [Orenstein, Walter] Emory Univ, Coll Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Marcuse, Edgar K.] Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Taylor, James] Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [deHart, M. Patricia] Washington State Dept Hlth, Immunizat Program, Olympia, WA USA. [Stokley, Shannon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Carter, Terrell] PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiat, Seattle, WA USA. RP Halsey, NA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Vaccine Safety, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Room W5041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM nhalsey@jhsph.edu RI Omer, Saad/K-1182-2012 OI Omer, Saad/0000-0002-5383-3474 FU NCIRD CDC HHS [U01IP000032-02]; NIAID NIH HHS [K23AI059213]; NICHD NIH HHS [K01 HD055415] NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 286 EP 291 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 329QO UT WOS:000257884500008 PM 18424918 ER PT J AU Ashfaq, S Abramson, JL Jones, DP Rhodes, SD Weintraub, WS Hooper, WC Vaccarino, V Alexander, RW Harrison, DG Quyyumi, AA AF Ashfaq, Salman Abramson, Jerome L. Jones, Dean P. Rhodes, Steven D. Weintraub, William S. Hooper, W. Craig Vaccarino, Viola Alexander, R. Wayne Harrison, David G. Quyyumi, Arshed A. TI Endothelial Function and Aminothiol Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Healthy Adults SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE risk factors; endothelial function; flow mediated vasodilation; antioxidants; oxidative stress ID FLOW-MEDIATED VASODILATION; THIOL/DISULFIDE REDOX STATE; HUMAN CORONARY-CIRCULATION; NITRIC-OXIDE ACTIVITY; BRACHIAL-ARTERY; HUMAN PLASMA; OXIDIZED LDL; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; GLUTATHIONE AB Endothelial dysfunction is known to precede the development of atherosclerosis and results primarily from increased oxidative degradation of NO. We hypothesized that assessment of oxidative stress in the bloodstream will reliably predict endothelial function in healthy adults. A total of 124 healthy nonsmokers had endothelial function assessed using ultrasound measurement of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation. Plasma oxidative stress was estimated by measuring the levels of the reduced and oxidized forms of thiols, including glutathione (reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione) and cysteine (cysteine and cystine), respectively, and the mixed disulfide. Among the traditional risk factors, there were significant and independent correlations between flow-mediated vasodilation and high-density lipoprotein level, body mass index, gender, and the Framingham risk score. Among the thiol markers, plasma cystine (r=-0.23; P=0.009) and the mixed disulfide (r=-0.23; P=0.01) levels correlated with endothelium-dependent but not endothelium-independent vasodilation, even after adjusting for the Framingham risk score and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level. A higher level of oxidized metabolites was associated with worse endothelial function. In conclusion, the oxidative stress markers, cystine, and the mixed disulfide are independent predictors of endothelial function. These markers, in combination with the Framingham risk score, may help in the early identification of asymptomatic subjects with endothelial dysfunction who are at potentially increased risk for future atherosclerotic disease progression. (Hypertension. 2008;52:80-85.) C1 [Abramson, Jerome L.; Rhodes, Steven D.; Vaccarino, Viola; Alexander, R. Wayne; Harrison, David G.; Quyyumi, Arshed A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ashfaq, Salman] Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Wichita, KS 67214 USA. [Jones, Dean P.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Weintraub, William S.] Christiana Hlth Syst, Newark, DE USA. [Hooper, W. Craig] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Quyyumi, AA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, 1364 Clifton Rd NE,Ste D403C, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM aquyyum@emory.edu FU Marcus Foundation; Emory General Clinical Research Center [MO1-RR00039] FX The study was funded by an unrestricted grant from the Marcus Foundation. This study was supported by the Emory General Clinical Research Center grant MO1-RR00039. NR 35 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD JUL PY 2008 VL 52 IS 1 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.097386 PG 6 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 315KX UT WOS:000256880000013 PM 18504327 ER PT J AU Weber, AM Areerat, P Fischer, JE Thamthitiwat, S Olsen, SJ Varma, JK AF Weber, Ann M. Areerat, Peera Fischer, Julie E. Thamthitiwat, Somsak Olsen, Sonja J. Varma, Jay K. TI Factors associated with diagnostic evaluation for tuberculosis among adults hospitalized for clinical pneumonia in Thailand SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; DELAYS AB objective. Thailand is one of 22 countries designated by the World Health Organization as "high burden" with regard to tuberculosis. Preventing nosocomial tuberculosis transmission remains an important, unmet need. We investigated the adequacy of current practices to evaluate hospitalized patients for tuberculosis, which is critical in preventing delayed diagnosis and nosocomial tuberculosis transmission. methods. Thailand conducts active, population-based surveillance for pneumonia in 2 rural provinces. Case report forms are completed for all persons who are hospitalized and meet a case definition of having clinical pneumonia. We analyzed how frequently patients had an adequate diagnostic evaluation for infectious pulmonary tuberculosis, in accordance with national guidelines. We conducted multivariate analyses to determine patient and health-system factors associated with an inadequate diagnostic evaluation for tuberculosis and with tuberculosis disease. results. Of 8,853 cases of clinical pneumonia between September 2003 and March 2006, 73% were in patients not adequately evaluated for tuberculosis. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB)-positive tuberculosis was diagnosed in 188 cases, which was 2% of all pneumonia cases and 12% of pneumonia cases in patients adequately evaluated for tuberculosis. Diagnostic evaluations for tuberculosis were less commonly performed among those who were younger than 25 years of age, were female, and lacked cough, sputum production, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. Among patients adequately evaluated, a clinical syndrome of no cough, no hemoptysis, and normal chest radiography findings had a 95% negative predictive value. conclusions. The prevalence of AFB-positive, pulmonary tuberculosis was high among adults hospitalized with clinical pneumonia in Thailand. Most patients were not adequately evaluated for tuberculosis. Efforts are needed to improve identification and diagnosis of infectious tuberculosis cases in hospitalized patients. C1 [Weber, Ann M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Areerat, Peera] Sa Kaeo Prov Publ Hlth Off, Sa Kaeo, Thailand. [Fischer, Julie E.; Thamthitiwat, Somsak; Varma, Jay K.] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC Collaborat, Nothaburi, Thailand. [Olsen, Sonja J.; Varma, Jay K.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Varma, JK (reprint author), CDC, HIV, Box 68 Amer Embassy, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 29 IS 7 BP 648 EP 657 DI 10.1086/588684 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 323NF UT WOS:000257452100011 PM 18564918 ER PT J AU Polgreen, PM Septimus, EJ Parry, MF Beekmann, SE Cavanaugh, JE Srinivasan, A Talbot, TR AF Polgreen, Philip M. Septimus, Edward J. Parry, Michael F. Beekmann, Susan E. Cavanaugh, Joseph E. Srinivasan, Arjun Talbot, Thomas R. TI Relationship of influenza vaccination declination statements and influenza vaccination rates for healthcare workers in 22 US hospitals SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The use of declination statements was associated with a mean increase of 11.6% in influenza vaccination rates among healthcare workers at 22 hospitals. In most hospitals, there were no negative consequences for healthcare workers who refused to sign the forms, and most policies were implemented along with other interventions designed to increase vaccination rates. C1 [Polgreen, Philip M.; Beekmann, Susan E.] Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Polgreen, Philip M.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Cavanaugh, Joseph E.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Septimus, Edward J.] Methodist Hosp Syst, Houston, TX USA. [Parry, Michael F.] Stamford Hosp, Stamford, CT USA. [Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Talbot, Thomas R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Polgreen, PM (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Carver Coll Med, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM philip-polgreen@uiowa.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU112346] NR 7 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 29 IS 7 BP 675 EP 677 DI 10.1086/588590 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 323NF UT WOS:000257452100017 PM 18564904 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Prather, D Eng, JV Crawford, S Kariuki, S ter Kuile, F Nahlen, B Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V Shi, YP AF Zhang, Lyna Prather, Donald Eng, Jodi Vanden Crawford, Sara Kariuki, Simon ter Kuile, Feiko Nahlen, Bernard Lal, Altaf A. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Shi, Ya Ping TI Polymorphisms in the genes of interleukin 12 and its receptors in association with resistance to severe malarial anemia in children residing in western Kenya SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhang, Lyna; Prather, Donald; Eng, Jodi Vanden; Crawford, Sara; Nahlen, Bernard; Lal, Altaf A.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam; Shi, Ya Ping] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vector Borne & Enteric Dis, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Malaria Branch,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kariuki, Simon] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [ter Kuile, Feiko] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vector Borne & Enteric Dis, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Malaria Branch,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP S18 EP S18 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 317EB UT WOS:000257001400059 ER PT J AU DiazGranados, CA Cardo, DM McGowan, JE AF DiazGranados, Carlos A. Cardo, Denise M. McGowan, John E., Jr. TI Antimicrobial resistance: international control strategies, with a focus on limited-resource settings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Review DE drug resistance; microbial; developing countries; anti-infective agents; health policy ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DRUG-RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT; IMPROVE ADHERENCE; ECONOMIC OUTCOMES; XDR TUBERCULOSIS AB Microorganisms resistant to multiple anti-infective agents have increased worldwide. These organisms threaten both optimal care of patients with infection as well as the viability of current healthcare systems. In addition, antimicrobials are valuable resources that enhance both prevention and treatment of infections. As resistance diminishes this resource, it is a societal goal to minimise resistance and therefore to reduce forces that produce resistance. This review considers strategies for minimising resistance that are needed at several different levels of responsibility, ranging from the patient care provider to international agencies. It then describes responses that might be appropriate according to the resources available for control, focusing on limited-resource settings. Antimicrobial resistance represents an international concern. Response to this problem demands concerted efforts from multiple sectors both in developed and developing countries, as well as the strengthening of multinational/international partnerships and regulations. Both medical and public health agencies should be in the forefront of these efforts. (c) 2008 Elsevier B. V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. C1 [DiazGranados, Carlos A.; McGowan, John E., Jr.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Cardo, Denise M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McGowan, John E., Jr.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP DiazGranados, CA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Infect Dis, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM cdiazgr@emory.edu RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 94 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 EI 1872-7913 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PD JUL PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.03.002 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 325ZE UT WOS:000257626900001 PM 18550343 ER PT J AU Golden, JS Hartz, D Brazel, A Luber, G Phelan, P AF Golden, Jay S. Hartz, Donna Brazel, Anthony Luber, George Phelan, Patrick TI A biometeorology study of climate and heat-related morbidity in Phoenix from 2001 to 2006 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE health vulnerability; heat waves; urban climate; morbidity; emergency medical dispatch ID HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; HUMIDITY; IMPACTS; CHICAGO; DISEASE; DEATHS; CITIES; WAVES AB Heat waves kill more people in the United States than hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, and floods combined. Recently, international attention focused on the linkages and impacts of human health vulnerability to urban climate when Western Europe experienced over 30,000 excess deaths during the heat waves of the summer of 2003-surpassing the 1995 heat wave in Chicago, Illinois, that killed 739. While Europe dealt with heat waves, in the United States, Phoenix, Arizona, established a new all-time high minimum temperature for the region on July 15, 2003. The low temperature of 35.5 degrees C (96 degrees F) was recorded, breaking the previous all-time high minimum temperature record of 33.8 degrees C (93 degrees F). While an extensive literature on heat-related mortality exists, greater understanding of influences of heat-related morbidity is required due to climate change and rapid urbanization influences. We undertook an analysis of 6 years (2001-2006) of heat-related dispatches through the Phoenix Fire Department regional dispatch center to examine temporal, climatic and other non-spatial influences contributing to high-heat-related medical dispatch events. The findings identified that there were no significant variations in day-of-week dispatch events. The greatest incidence of heat-related medical dispatches occurred between the times of peak solar irradiance and maximum diurnal temperature, and during times of elevated human comfort indices (combined temperature and relative humidity). C1 [Golden, Jay S.] Arizona State Univ, Natl Ctr Excellence, SMART Innovat Urban Climate & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hartz, Donna; Brazel, Anthony] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Luber, George] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Golden, JS (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Natl Ctr Excellence, SMART Innovat Urban Climate & Energy, 929 S Mill Ave,151,POB 873211, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Jay.Golden@asu.edu NR 23 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 52 IS 6 BP 471 EP 480 DI 10.1007/s00484-007-0142-3 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 315WP UT WOS:000256911200006 PM 18219501 ER PT J AU Engels, EA Biggar, RJ Hall, HI Cross, H Crutchfield, A Finch, JL Griggs, R Hylton, T Pawlish, KS McNeel, TS Goedert, JJ AF Engels, Eric A. Biggar, Robert J. Hall, H. Irene Cross, Helene Crutchfield, Allison Finch, Jack L. Griggs, Rebecca Hylton, Tara Pawlish, Karen S. McNeel, Timothy S. Goedert, James J. TI Cancer risk in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; epidemiology; Kaposi sarcoma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; liver cancer; lung cancer ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS; AIDS-DEFINING CANCERS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; HODGKIN-LYMPHOMA; HIV-INFECTION; LUNG-CANCER; PREVALENCE; COHORT AB Data are limited regarding cancer risk in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons with modest immunosuppres. sion, before the onset of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). For some cancers, risk may be affected by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) widely available since 1996. We linked HIV/AIDS and cancer registries in Colorado, Florida and New Jersey. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) compared cancer risk in HIV-infected persons (initially AIDS-free) during the 5-year period after registration with the general population. Poisson regression was used to compare incidence across subgroups, adjusting for demographic factors. Among 57,350 HIV-infected persons registered during 1991-2002 (median CD4 count 491 cells/mm(3)), 871 cancers occurred during follow-up. Risk was elevated for Kaposi sarcoma (KS, SIR 1,300 [n = 173 cases]), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL, 7.3 [n = 203]), cervical cancer (2.9 [n = 28]) and several non-AIDS-defining malignancies, including Hodgkin lymphoma (5.6 [n = 36]) and cancers of the lung (2.6 [n = 109]) and liver (2.7 [n = 14]). KS and NHL incidence declined over time but nonetheless remained elevated in 1996-2002. Incidence increased in 1996-2002 compared to 1991-1995 for Hodgkin lymphoma (relative risk 2.7, 95%CI 1.0-7.1) and liver cancer (relative risk infinite, one-sided 95%CI 1.1-infinity). Non-AIDS-defining cancers comprised 31.4% of cancers in 1991-1995, versus 58.0% in 1996-2002. For KS and NHL, risk was inversely related to CD4 count, but these associations attenuated after 1996. We conclude that KS and NHL incidence declined markedly in recent years, likely reflecting HAART-related improvements in immunity, while incidence of some non-AIDS-defining cancers increased. These trends have led to a shift in the spectrum of cancer among HIV-infected persons. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Engels, Eric A.; Biggar, Robert J.; Goedert, James J.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Infect Immunoepidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Hall, H. Irene] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cross, Helene] New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. [Crutchfield, Allison; Finch, Jack L.] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Griggs, Rebecca; Hylton, Tara] Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. [McNeel, Timothy S.] Informat Management Serv Incorp, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Engels, EA (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Infect Immunoepidemiol Branch, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 7076, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM engelse@exchange.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 40 TC 344 Z9 347 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 123 IS 1 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1002/ijc.23487 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 302MU UT WOS:000255973200025 PM 18435450 ER PT J AU Jedrychowski, W Perera, F Jankowski, J Rauh, V Flak, E Caldwell, KL Jones, RL Pac, A Lisowska-Miszczyk, I AF Jedrychowski, Wieslaw Perera, Frederica Jankowski, Jeffery Rauh, Virginia Flak, Elzbieta Caldwell, Kathleen L. Jones, Robert L. Pac, Agnieszka Lisowska-Miszczyk, Ilona TI Prenatal low-level lead exposure and developmental delay of infants at age 6 months (Krakow inner city study) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE prenatal lead exposure; biological markers; infant visual recognition memory; neurocognitive development ID COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; BLOOD LEAD; CHILDREN; HYPERACTIVITY; INTELLIGENCE; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTORS; DEFICITS; IQ AB The purpose of the study was to assess the neurocognitive status of 6-month-old infants whose mothers were exposed to low but varying amounts of lead during pregnancy. Lead levels in the cord blood were used to assess environmental exposure and the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence (FTII) assessed visual recognition memory (VRM). The cohort consisted of 452 infants of mothers who gave birth to babies at 33-42 weeks of gestation between January 2001 and March 2003. The overall mean lead level in the cord blood was 1.42 mu g/dl (95% CI: 1.35-1.48). We found that VRM scores in 6 month olds were inversely related to lead cord blood levels (Spearman correlation coefficient -0.16, p = 0.007). The infants scored lower by 1.5 points with an increase by one unit (1 mu g/dl) of lead concentration in cord blood. In the lower exposed infants (<= 1.67 mu g/dl) the mean Fagan score was 61.0 (95% CI: 60.3-61.7) and that in the higher exposed group (> 1.67 mu g/dl) was 58.4 (95% CI: 57.3-59.7). The difference of 2.5 points was significant at the p = 0.0005 level. The estimated risk of scoring the high-risk group of developmental delay (FTII classification 3) due to higher lead blood levels was two-fold greater (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.32-4.11) than for lower lead blood levels after adjusting for potential confounders (gestational age, gender of the child and maternal education). As the risk of the deficit in VRM score (Fagan group 3) in exposed infants attributable to Pb prenatal exposure was about 50%, a large portion of cases with developmental delay could be prevented by reducing maternal blood lead level below 1.67 mu g/dl. Although the negative predictive value of the chosen screening criterion (above 1.67 mu g/dl) was relatively high (89%) its positive predictive value was too low (22%), so that the screening program based on the chosen cord blood lead criterion was recommended. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Lisowska-Miszczyk, Ilona] Jagiellonian Univ, Neonatol Clin, Coll Med, Krakow, Poland. [Jankowski, Jeffery] Columbia Univ, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Caldwell, Kathleen L.; Jones, Robert L.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jedrychowski, W (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Neonatol Clin, Coll Med, Krakow, Poland. EM myjedryc@cyf-kr.edu.pl RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES010165-04S1, R01 ES010165-0451, R01 ES010165, R01 ES010165-04, 5 R01 ES10165] NR 30 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 211 IS 3-4 BP 345 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.07.023 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 333VJ UT WOS:000258180600015 PM 17905657 ER PT J AU Bang, KM Mazurek, JM Syamlal, G Wood, JM AF Bang, Ki Moon Mazurek, Jacek M. Syamlal, Girija Wood, John M. TI Asbestosis mortality surveillance in the United States, 1970-2004 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE asbestosis; mortality; occupation; industry ID DEATH CERTIFICATES; MESOTHELIOMA MORTALITY; INDUSTRY DATA; OCCUPATION; DISEASE; CANCER; INFORMATION; EXPERIENCE; EPIDEMIC; BRITAIN AB To describe the demographic, geographic, and occupational distribution of asbestosis mortality in the United States during 1970-2004, we identified a total of 25,413 asbestosis deaths. We calculated national, state, and county death rates, age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. We also calculated industry- and occupation-specific proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs), adjusted for age, sex, and race, and corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) using available data. The overall U.S. age-adjusted asbestosis death rate was 4.1 per million population per year; the rate for males (10.4) was nearly 35-fold higher than that for females (0.3). It increased significantly from 0.6 to 6.9 per million population from 1970 to 2000 (p<0.001), and then declined to 6.3 in 2004 (p=0.014). High asbestosis death rates occured predominantly, though not exclusively, in coastal areas. Industries with highest PMRs included ship and boat building and repairing (18.5; 95% CI 16.3-20.9) and miscellaneous and nonmetallic mineral and stone products ( 15.9; 95% CI 13.0-19.5). Occupations with highest PMRs included insulation workers (109.2; 95% CI 93.8-127.2) and boilermakers (21.3; 95% CI 17.0-26.6). C1 [Bang, Ki Moon] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Bang, KM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, CDC, RM H-G900-2,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM kmb2@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 161 EP 169 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 330XE UT WOS:000257975300001 PM 18686715 ER PT J AU Asencios, L Yale, G Yagui, M Quispe, N Taylor, A Blaya, J Contreras, C Cegielski, P Bayona, J Bonilla, C Shin, S AF Asencios, L. Yale, G. Yagui, M. Quispe, N. Taylor, A. Blaya, J. Contreras, C. Cegielski, P. Bayona, J. Bonilla, C. Shin, S. TI Programmatic implementation of rapid DST for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Peru SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; multidrug-resistant; laboratories; DST; resource-poor settings ID NITRATE REDUCTASE ASSAY; DRUG-RESISTANCE DETECTION; SPUTUM SAMPLES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SYSTEM; VALIDATION; RIFAMPIN AB BACKGROUND: Performance characteristics of novel rapid drug susceptibility tests (DST) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis may change when moving from research to implementation in actual public health practice. We describe the performance characteristics of a direct, rapid DST when implemented in Lima, Peru. METHODS: A district laboratory validated conventional proportions and nitrate reductase methods. We collected data on samples submitted for DST from January 2005 to June 2007 and calculated frequency of testing and results, and median time to test results. RESULTS: A total of 4102 DSTs were performed by con-ventional DST and 895 by nitrate reductase. Results were obtained from 72.8% of samples by conventional DST and from 70.2% of those processed by Griess; respectively 26.4% and 31.5% were multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The median time from sample collection to test result was 31 days for Griess vs. 99 days for conventional DST. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary experience with the Griess method demonstrates favorable performance under program conditions. C1 [Asencios, L.; Yagui, M.; Quispe, N.] Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. [Yale, G.] Programa Control TB, Direcc Salud V Lima Ciudad, Lima, Peru. [Taylor, A.; Cegielski, P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Blaya, J.; Bayona, J.; Shin, S.] Partners Hlth Plan Tennessee, Boston, MA USA. [Contreras, C.; Bayona, J.; Shin, S.] Socios Salud, Lima, Peru. [Bayona, J.; Shin, S.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Social Med & Hlth Inequal, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bonilla, C.] Peruvian Natl TB Program, Lima, Peru. RP Shin, S (reprint author), FXB Bldg,7th Floor,641 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM sshin@partners.org NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 12 IS 7 BP 743 EP 749 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 318MS UT WOS:000257096600010 PM 18544198 ER PT J AU Shadonly, SV Smith, TL AF Shadonly, Sean V. Smith, Theresa L. TI Anthrax SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPERIMENTAL INHALATION ANTHRAX; DEPENDENT ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; GRADIENT DIFFUSION METHODS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; T-LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; PROCAINE PENICILLIN-G; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; LETHAL TOXIN; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY C1 [Shadonly, Sean V.; Smith, Theresa L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shadonly, SV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 137 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.2460/javma.233.1.63 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 317GZ UT WOS:000257009300018 PM 18593313 ER PT J AU Bull, SS Posner, SF Ortiz, C Beaty, B Benton, K Lin, L Pals, SL Evans, T AF Bull, Sheana S. Posner, Samuel F. Ortiz, Charlene Beaty, Brenda Benton, Kathryn Lin, Lillian Pals, Sherri L. Evans, Tom TI POWER for reproductive health: Results from a social marketing campaign promoting female and male condoms SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE female condoms; STD prevention; pregnancy prevention ID MASS-MEDIA CAMPAIGNS; HIV-PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; PUBLIC-HEALTH AB Purpose: To evaluate effects of a 6-month social marketing campaign on awareness of, attitudes toward and use of female as well as male condoms for 15-25 year-old-women. Methods: Using a time-space sampling methodology, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 3407 women at pre-campaign in 12 western U.S. neighborhoods on female and male condom awareness, attitudes, and use. Six of the 12 study neighborhoods were randomly selected to receive the POWER social marketing campaign designed to impact condom knowledge, attitudes, and use. The campaign was followed with another cross-sectional survey of 3,003 women in all 12 study neighborhoods on condom knowledge, attitudes, use and awareness of POWER materials. We compared pre-and post-campaign surveys to determine the efficacy of POWER and conducted post hoe analyses on post-campaign data to determine if exposure to POWER was related to higher levels of positive condom attitudes and norms and condom use. Results; We found no differences between neighborhoods with and without the POWER campaign with regard to our primary outcomes. To diagnose reasons for this null effect, we examined outcomes post hoc examining the influence of POWER exposure. Post hoc analyses show some evidence that exposure to POWER was associated with condom use. In the context of the nested trial, this raises concerns that post test only evaluations are limited. Conclusions: Establishing the efficacy of a social marketing campaign is challenging. This group randomized trial showed a null effect. Social marketing campaigns may need to have more media channels and saturation before they can show behavioral effects. Using a nested design with randomization at the community level and probability sampling introduces rigor not commonly seen in evaluations of social marketing campaigns. (c) 2008 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All tights reserved. C1 [Bull, Sheana S.; Ortiz, Charlene; Beaty, Brenda; Benton, Kathryn] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Bull, Sheana S.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Posner, Samuel F.; Lin, Lillian; Pals, Sherri L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Evans, Tom] Educ Message Serv, Ventura, CA USA. RP Bull, SS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, POB 6508,Mail Stop F-443, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM sheana.bull@uchse.edu OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.12.009 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 316JV UT WOS:000256946600012 PM 18565440 ER EF