FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU de Carvalho, IL Toledo, A Carvalho, CL Barandika, JF Respicio-Kingry, LB Garcia-Amil, C Garcia-Perez, AL Olmeda, AS Ze-Ze, L Petersen, JM Anda, P Nuncio, MS Escudero, R AF Lopes de Carvalho, I. Toledo, A. Carvalho, C. L. Barandika, J. F. Respicio-Kingry, L. B. Garcia-Amil, C. Garcia-Perez, A. L. Olmeda, A. S. Ze-Ze, L. Petersen, J. M. Anda, P. Nuncio, M. S. Escudero, R. TI Francisella species in ticks and animals, Iberian Peninsula SO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Francisella tularensis subsp holarctica; Francisella-like endosymbionts; Francisella hispaniensis; Ticks; Lagomorphs; Mammals; Spain; Portugal ID REAL-TIME PCR; DERMACENTOR-RETICULATUS; GENUS FRANCISELLA; ACARI IXODIDAE; TULARENSIS; TULAREMIA; ENDOSYMBIONTS; IDENTIFICATION; ANDERSONI; PATHOGENS AB The presence of Francisella species in 2134 ticks, 93 lagomorphs and 280 small mammals from the Iberian Peninsula was studied. Overall, 19 ticks and 6 lagomorphs were positive for Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica, suggesting, as described for other regions, that lagomorphs may have an important role in the maintenance of F. tularensis in nature. Of the 6 positive lagomorphs, 4 were identified as the European rabbit, Oryctogalus cuniculus. Additionally, 353 ticks and 3 small mammals were PCR positive for Francisella-like endosymbionts (FLEs) and one small mammal was also positive for Francisella hispaniensislike DNA sequences. Among FLE positive specimens, a variety of sequence types were detected: ticks were associated with 5 IpnA sequence types, with only one type identified per tick, in contrast to 2 IpnA sequence types detected in a single wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus). To our knowledge, this is the first report of FLEs in free-living small mammals as well as the first detection of F. hispaniensis-like sequences in a natural setting. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopes de Carvalho, I.; Nuncio, M. S.] Inst Nacl Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal. [Toledo, A.; Garcia-Amil, C.; Anda, P.; Escudero, R.] Inst Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. [Toledo, A.; Olmeda, A. S.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Carvalho, C. L.; Ze-Ze, L.; Nuncio, M. S.] Inst Nacl Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Aguas De Moura, Portugal. [Carvalho, C. L.] Univ Evora, Evora, Portugal. [Barandika, J. F.; Garcia-Perez, A. L.] NEIKER Inst Vasco Invest & Desarrollo Agr, Derio, Biscay, Spain. [Respicio-Kingry, L. B.; Petersen, J. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP de Carvalho, IL (reprint author), Inst Nacl Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge IP, Dept Doencas Infecciosas, Unidade Resposta Emergencias & Biopreparacao, Av Padre Cruz, P-1649016 Lisbon, Portugal. EM isabel.carvalho@insa.min-saude.pt; isabel.carvalho@insa.min-saude.pt OI Ze-Ze, Libia/0000-0001-7258-1439 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [PTDC/SAU-ESA/104947/2008, SFRH/BD/79225/2011]; Fondo de Investigation Sanitaria [PI10/00165]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III [EM03/06] FX We would like to thank to the REVIVE Program for the help on ticks collection. This work was supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) project; PTDC/SAU-ESA/104947/2008 and a scholarship (SFRH/BD/79225/2011); and also by the Fondo de Investigation Sanitaria (PI10/00165) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant EM03/06). NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1877-959X EI 1877-9603 J9 TICKS TICK-BORNE DIS JI Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.10.009 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology GA CZ2RX UT WOS:000366953400025 ER PT J AU Connally, NP Hinckley, AF Feldman, KA Kemperman, M Neitzel, D Wee, SB White, JL Mead, PS Meek, JI AF Connally, Neeta P. Hinckley, Alison F. Feldman, Katherine A. Kemperman, Melissa Neitzel, David Wee, Siok-Bi White, Jennifer L. Mead, Paul S. Meek, James I. TI Testing practices and volume of non-Lyme tickborne diseases in the United States SO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Tickborne disease; Laboratory; Diagnostic testing; Babesiosis; Anaplasmosis AB Large commercial laboratories in the United States were surveyed regarding the number of specimens tested for eight tickborne diseases in 2008. Seven large commercial laboratories reported testing a total of 2,927,881 specimens nationally (including Lyme disease). Of these, 495,585 specimens (17%) were tested for tickborne diseases other than Lyme disease. In addition to large commercial laboratories, another 1051 smaller commercial, hospital, and government laboratories in four states (CT, MD, MN, and NY) were surveyed regarding tickborne disease testing frequency, practices, and results. Ninety-two of these reported testing a total of 10,091 specimens for four tickborne diseases other than Lyme disease. We estimate the cost of laboratory diagnostic testing for non-Lyme disease tickborne diseases in 2008 to be $9.6 million. These data provide a baseline to evaluate trends in tickborne disease test utilization and insight into the burden of these diseases. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Connally, Neeta P.; Meek, James I.] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Hinckley, Alison F.; Mead, Paul S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Feldman, Katherine A.; Wee, Siok-Bi] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kemperman, Melissa; Neitzel, David] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [White, Jennifer L.] New York State Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Albany, NY USA. RP Connally, NP (reprint author), Western Connecticut State Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, 181 White St, Danbury, CT 06810 USA. EM connallyn@wcsu.edu FU CDC Cooperative Agreements [5U01C1000307, 5U01C100031005, 5U01C1000313, 5U01C100031004] FX We thank Barbara Herwaldt and Patty Wilkins for guidance on Babesia questions and interpretation; Jennifer McQuiston and William Nicholson for guidance on rickettsial agent questions and interpretation. We also thank Paula Snippes Vagnone for helping coordinate survey distribution in Minnesota. This work would not have been possible without Erin Jones at the Maryland Department of Health, as well as several Yale MPH students, and graduate student workers in the Minnesota Department of Health Vector-Borne Disease program who also assisted with data collection. This work was supported by CDC Cooperative Agreements to the Connecticut, Maryland, Minnesota, and New York Emerging Infections Programs. (Cooperative Agreement # 5U01C1000307 [CT], 5U01C100031005 [MD], 5U01C1000313 [MN], 5U01C100031004 [NY]). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1877-959X EI 1877-9603 J9 TICKS TICK-BORNE DIS JI Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.10.005 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology GA CZ2RX UT WOS:000366953400030 PM 26565931 ER PT J AU Snyder, K Vick, JH King, BA AF Snyder, Kimberly Vick, Janice Hassett King, Brian A. TI Smoke-free multiunit housing: a review of the scientific literature SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Review ID IN-HOME SMOKING; SECONDHAND SMOKE; FREE POLICIES; TOBACCO-SMOKE; APARTMENT BUILDINGS; AIR-QUALITY; BAR WORKERS; FREE LAWS; RESIDENTS; EXPOSURE AB Objective Multiunit housing (MUH) residents are susceptible to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, which can transfer between living units. This review summarises existing scientific literature relevant to smoke-free MUH, discusses knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future research to inform public health action. Data sources We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed articles using three databases: EBSCOhost CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science. Study selection Article titles, abstracts and text were reviewed to ascertain three inclusion criteria: (1) English language; (2) conducted in the USA; (3) reported on baseline data, development, implementation or evaluation of smoke-free MUH. Data extraction We used a multistep process to identify eligible articles: (1) two reviewers separately evaluated article titles; (2) two reviewers separately evaluated abstracts and (3) one reviewer read each article and determined inclusion eligibility. Data synthesis We identified and included 35 articles published during 2001-2014, grouped based on broad themes: MUH resident (n=16); MUH operator (n=6); environmental monitoring and biomarkers (n=9); economic (n=2); legal (n=3); and implementation process and policy impact (n=8). Studies with multiple themes were included in all relevant groups. Conclusions Existing literature has focused on self-reported, cross-sectional studies of MUH residents and operators; some studies of environmental markers, biomarkers and economic indicators have also been conducted. Future research on smoke-free MUH policy compliance and enforcement, and on the impact of these policies on smoking behaviours and health outcomes, could further inform public health planning, policy and practice. Despite these gaps, the current literature provides sufficient evidence for action to eliminate SHS exposure in MUH. C1 [Snyder, Kimberly; King, Brian A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Vick, Janice Hassett] ICF Int, Publ Hlth & Survey Res Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP King, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM baking@cdc.gov FU U.S. Department of Health and Human Services-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2007-22643-0003, 200-2011-F-42029] FX U.S. Department of Health and Human Services-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 200-2007-22643-0003, 200-2011-F-42029. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 EI 1468-3318 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051849 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CZ1MC UT WOS:000366868900009 PM 25566811 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Eberhardt, MS Saydah, SH AF Looker, Anne C. Eberhardt, Mark S. Saydah, Sharon H. TI Diabetes and fracture risk in older US adults SO BONE LA English DT Article DE Diabetes; Hemoglobin A1c; Fracture; NHANES ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; NON-HISPANIC WHITES; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; HIP FRACTURE; MELLITUS; TYPE-1; COMPLICATIONS; PREVALENCE; BLACKS AB Objective: We examined the diabetes-fracture relationship by race/ethnicity, including the link between prediabetes and fracture. Research design and methods: We used Medicare- and mortality-linked data for respondents aged 65 years and older from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and NHANES 1999-2004 for three race/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic whites (NEW), non-Hispanic blacks (NHB), and Mexican Americans (MA). Diabetes was defined as diagnosed diabetes (self-reported) and diabetes status: diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes (positive diagnosis or hemoglobin A(1c) (A1C) >= 6.5%); pre-diabetes (no diagnosis and A1C between 5.7% and 6.4%); and no diabetes (no diagnosis and A1C < 5.7%). Non-skull fractures (n = 750) were defined using published algorithms. Hazards ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The diabetes-fracture relationship differed significantly by race/ethnicity (P-interaction < 0.05). Compared to those without diagnosed diabetes, the HRs for those with diagnosed diabetes were 2.37 (95% Cl 1.49-3.75), 1.87 (95%CI 1.02-3.40), and 122 (95% Cl 0.93-1.61) for MA, NHB, and NHW, respectively, after adjusting for significant confounders. HRs for diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes were similar to those for diagnosed diabetes alone. Pre-diabetes was not significantly related to fracture risk, however. Compared to those without diabetes, adjusted HRs for those with pre-diabetes were 1.42 (95% Cl 0.72-2.81), and 1.20 (95% CI 0.96-1.51) for MA and NEW, respectively. There were insufficient fracture cases to examine detailed diabetes status in NHB. Conclusions: The diabetes-fracture relationship was stronger in MA and NHB. Pre-diabetes was not significantly associated with higher fracture risk, however. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Looker, Anne C.; Eberhardt, Mark S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Saydah, Sharon H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 4310,3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM ALooker@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 EI 1873-2763 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JAN PY 2016 VL 82 SI SI BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2014.12.008 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CY5HG UT WOS:000366438100003 PM 25576672 ER PT J AU Cocoros, NM Kleinman, K Priebe, GP Gray, JE Logan, LK Larsen, G Sammons, J Toltzis, P Miroshnik, I Horan, K Burton, M Sims, S Harper, M Coffin, S Sandora, TJ Hocevar, SN Checchia, PA Klompas, M Lee, GM AF Cocoros, Noelle M. Kleinman, Ken Priebe, Gregory P. Gray, James E. Logan, Latania K. Larsen, Gitte Sammons, Julia Toltzis, Philip Miroshnik, Irina Horan, Kelly Burton, Michael Sims, Shannon Harper, Marvin Coffin, Susan Sandora, Thomas J. Hocevar, Susan N. Checchia, Paul A. Klompas, Michael Lee, Grace M. CA Pediat Ventilator-Associated Condi TI Ventilator-Associated Events in Neonates and Children-A New Paradigm SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hospital mortality; intensive care units; neonatal; intensive care units; pediatric; patient safety; pneumonia; ventilator-associated; ventilators; mechanical ID SURVEILLANCE PARADIGM; PREVENTABILITY; COMPLICATIONS; IMPACT; CDC AB Objectives: To identify a pediatric ventilator-associated condition definition for use in neonates and children by exploring whether potential ventilator-associated condition definitions identify patients with worse outcomes. Design: Retrospective cohort study and a matched cohort analysis. Setting: Pediatric, cardiac, and neonatal ICUs in five U.S. hospitals. Patients: Children 18 years old or younger ventilated for at least 1 day. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results: We evaluated the evidence of worsening oxygenation via a range of thresholds for increases in daily minimum fraction of inspired oxygen (by 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30) and daily minimum mean airway pressure (by 4, 5, 6, and 7cm H2O). We required worsening oxygenation be sustained for at least 2 days after at least 2 days of stability. We matched patients with a ventilator-associated condition to those without and used Cox proportional hazard models with frailties to examine associations with hospital mortality, hospital and ICU length of stay, and duration of ventilation. The cohort included 8,862 children with 10,209 hospitalizations and 77,751 ventilator days. For the fraction of inspired oxygen 0.25/mean airway pressure 4 definition (i.e., increase in minimum daily fraction of inspired oxygen by 0.25 or mean airway pressure by 4), rates ranged from 2.9 to 3.2 per 1,000 ventilator days depending on ICU type; the fraction of inspired oxygen 0.30/mean airway pressure 7 definition yielded ventilator-associated condition rates of 1.1-1.3 per 1,000 ventilator days. All definitions were significantly associated with greater risk of hospital death, with hazard ratios ranging from 1.6 (95% CI, 0.7-3.4) to 6.8 (2.9-16.0), depending on thresholds and ICU type. Each definition was associated with prolonged hospitalization, time in ICU, and duration of ventilation, among survivors. The advisory board of the study proposed using the fraction of inspired oxygen 0.25/mean airway pressure 4 thresholds to identify pediatric ventilator-associated conditions in ICUs. Conclusions: Pediatric patients with ventilator-associated conditions are at substantially higher risk for mortality and morbidity across ICUs, regardless of thresholds used. Next steps include identification of risk factors, etiologies, and preventative measures for pediatric ventilator-associated conditions. C1 [Cocoros, Noelle M.; Kleinman, Ken; Miroshnik, Irina; Horan, Kelly; Burton, Michael; Klompas, Michael; Lee, Grace M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Populat Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Cocoros, Noelle M.; Kleinman, Ken; Miroshnik, Irina; Horan, Kelly; Burton, Michael; Klompas, Michael; Lee, Grace M.] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care Inst, Boston, MA USA. [Priebe, Gregory P.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol Perioperat & Pain Med, Div Crit Care Med, Boston, MA USA. [Gray, James E.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Neonatol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Logan, Latania K.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sect Pediat Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Larsen, Gitte] Intermt Healthcare, Primary Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Sammons, Julia; Coffin, Susan] Univ Penn, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sammons, Julia; Coffin, Susan] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Infect Prevent & Control, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Toltzis, Philip] Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Crit Care, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Sims, Shannon] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Informat Serv, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Harper, Marvin; Sandora, Thomas J.; Lee, Grace M.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. [Hocevar, Susan N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual & Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Checchia, Paul A.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Div Crit Care Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Checchia, Paul A.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Div Cardiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Checchia, Paul A.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Klompas, Michael] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Cocoros, NM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Populat Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM Noelle_Cocoros@harvardpilgrim.org FU Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) R18 grant [1R18HS021636]; Vermont Oxford Network; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [5K08AI112506-01]; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ); AHRQ; National Institutes of Health (NIH); NIH [5K08AI112506-01]; Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; CDC; AHRQ R18 grant FX This research was funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) R18 grant (#1R18HS021636) to Dr. Lee. Dr. Gray has received funding from the Vermont Oxford Network. Dr. Logan also receives from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (5K08AI112506-01; not related to this grant).; Dr. Cocoros' institution received funding from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Dr. Kleinman's institution received funding from AHRQ. Dr. Priebe's institution received funding from AHRQ. Dr. Gray received funding from the Vermont Oxford Network. His institution received funding from AHRQ. Dr. Logan received support for article research from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and is funded for her main research by the NIH (5K08AI112506-01 - not related to manuscript). Dr. Toltzis' institution received funding from AHRQ (through a subcontract to Harvard Pilgrim Health). Dr. Burton received funding from the AHRQ. Dr. Sims received support for article research from AHRQ. Her institution received funding from AHRQ. Dr. Harper's institution received funding from AHRQ. Dr. Sandora received funding from the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. His institution received funding from AHRQ. Dr. Klompas' institution received funding from AHRQ and CDC. Dr. Lee served on an IOM Board, AHRQ study section, PIDS Board of directors, and as VON faculty (None are paid except for travel expenses to meetings) and received support for article research from the AHRQ. Her institution received funding from the AHRQ R18 grant. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0090-3493 EI 1530-0293 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 44 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001372 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA CY7QZ UT WOS:000366605100003 PM 26524075 ER PT J AU Zehnbauer, BA Buchman, TG AF Zehnbauer, Barbara A. Buchman, Timothy G. TI Precision Diagnosis Is a Team Sport SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zehnbauer, Barbara A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Buchman, Timothy G.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Emory Crit Care Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Zehnbauer, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0090-3493 EI 1530-0293 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 44 IS 1 BP 229 EP 230 DI 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001528 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA CY7QZ UT WOS:000366605100026 PM 26672926 ER PT J AU Anderson, PL Garcia-Lerma, JG Heneine, W AF Anderson, Peter L. Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo Heneine, Walid TI Nondaily preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention SO CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS LA English DT Review DE adherence; cellular pharmacology; HIV prevention; macaque model; microbicides; tenofovir ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; PRECLINICAL INTERVENTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; PIGTAIL MACAQUES; ORAL TENOFOVIR; AFRICAN WOMEN AB Purpose of reviewTo discuss nondaily preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) modalities that may provide advantages compared with daily PrEP in cost and cumulative toxicity, but may have lower adherence forgiveness.Recent findingsAnimal models have informed our understanding of early viral transmission events, which help guide event-driven PrEP dosing strategies. These models indicate early establishment of viral replication in rectal or cervicovaginal tissues, so event-driven PrEP should rapidly deliver high mucosal drug concentrations within hours of the potential exposure event. Macaque models have demonstrated the high biological efficacy for event-driven dosing of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) against both vaginal and rectal virus transmission. In humans, the IPERGAY study demonstrated 86% efficacy for event-driven oral TDF/FTC dosing among men who have sex with men (MSM), while no similar efficacy data are available on women or heterosexual men. The HPTN 067 study showed that certain MSM populations adhere well to nondaily PrEP, whereas other populations of women adhere more poorly to nondaily versus daily regimens. Pharmacokinetic studies following oral TDF/FTC dosing in humans indicate that TFV-diphosphate (the active form of TFV) accumulates to higher concentrations in rectal versus cervicovaginal tissue, but nonadherence in trials complicates the interpretation of differential mucosal drug concentrations.SummaryEvent-driven dosing for TFV-based PrEP has promise for HIV prevention in MSM. Future research of event-driven PrEP in women and heterosexual men should be guided by a better understanding of the importance of mucosal drug concentrations for PrEP efficacy and its sensitivity to adherence. C1 [Anderson, Peter L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo; Heneine, Walid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Anderson, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Anschutz Med Campus,V20-C238,Room 4101, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM Peter.Anderson@ucdenver.edu FU NIH/NIAID [U01 AI 106499]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Y1-AI-0681-02]; National Institutes of Health [Y1-AI-0681-02] FX This work was supported by NIH/NIAID U01 AI 106499 and intramural funds from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Partial support was also provided by an inter agency agreement # Y1-AI-0681-02 between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1746-630X EI 1746-6318 J9 CURR OPIN HIV AIDS JI Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS PD JAN PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1097/COH.0000000000000213 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CY4KL UT WOS:000366376900014 PM 26633641 ER PT J AU Kennedy, C Lordo, R Sucosky, MS Boehm, R Brown, MJ AF Kennedy, Chinaro Lordo, Robert Sucosky, Marissa Scalia Boehm, Rona Brown, Mary Jean TI Evaluating the effectiveness of state specific lead-based paint hazard risk reduction laws in preventing recurring incidences of lead poisoning in children SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Lead; Childhood lead poisoning; Lead law; Blood lead levels ID BLOOD; ABATEMENT; DUST AB Background: Despite significant progress made in recent decades in preventing childhood lead poisoning in the United States through the control or elimination of lead sources in the environment, it continues to be an issue in many communities, primarily in low-income communities with a large percentage of deteriorating housing built before the elimination of lead in residential paint. The purpose of this study is to determine whether state laws aimed at preventing childhood lead poisoning are also effective in preventing recurring lead poisoning among children previously poisoned. Methods: An evaluation was conducted to determine whether laws in two representative states, Massachusetts and Ohio, have been effective in preventing recurrent lead poisoning among children less than 72 months of age previously poisoned, compared to a representative state (Mississippi) which at the time of the study had yet to develop legislation to prevent childhood lead poisoning. Results: Compared to no legislation, unadjusted estimates showed children less than 72 months old, living in Massachusetts, previously identified as being lead poisoned, were 73% less likely to develop recurrent lead poisoning. However, this statistically significant association did not remain after controlling for other confounding variables. We did not find such a significant association when analyzing data from Ohio. Conclusions: While findings from unadjusted estimates indicated that state lead laws such as those in Massachusetts may be effective at preventing recurrent lead poisoning among young children, small numbers may have attenuated the power to obtain statistical significance during multivariate analysis. Our findings did not provide evidence that state lead laws, such as those in Ohio, were effective in preventing recurrent lead poisoning among young children. Further studies may be needed to confirm these findings. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Kennedy, Chinaro; Sucosky, Marissa Scalia; Brown, Mary Jean] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lordo, Robert; Boehm, Rona] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Kennedy, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gjn5@cdc.gov FU National Center for Environmental Health; Department of Housing and Urban Development FX This study was supported by funding from the National Center for Environmental Health in agreement with the Department of Housing and Urban Development. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 EI 1618-131X J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 219 IS 1 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.09.009 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA CY7VQ UT WOS:000366617800012 PM 26472219 ER PT J AU Delaney, KP Rurangirwa, J Facente, S Dowling, T Janson, M Knoble, T Vu, A Hu, YYW Kerndt, PR King, J Scheer, S AF Delaney, Kevin P. Rurangirwa, Jacqueline Facente, Shelley Dowling, Teri Janson, Mike Knoble, Thomas Vu, Annie Hu, Yunyin W. Kerndt, Peter R. King, Jan Scheer, Susan TI Using a Multitest Algorithm to Improve the Positive Predictive Value of Rapid HIV Testing and Linkage to HIV Care in Nonclinical HIV Test Sites SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV testing; linkage to HIV care; rapid HIV testing ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT ACCESS; 7 US CITIES; MEDICAL-CARE; COMMUNITY SETTINGS; FIELD-EVALUATION; SAN-FRANCISCO; OUTREACH; IMPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE AB Background:Use of a rapid HIV testing algorithm (RTA) in which all tests are conducted within one client appointment could eliminate off-site confirmatory testing and reduce the number of persons not receiving confirmed results.Methods:An RTA was implemented in 9 sites in Los Angeles and San Francisco; results of testing at these sites were compared with 23 sites conducting rapid HIV testing with off-site confirmation. RTA clients with reactive results on more than 1 rapid test were considered HIV+ and immediately referred for HIV care. The positive predictive values (PPVs) of a single rapid HIV test and the RTA were calculated compared with laboratory-based confirmatory testing. A Poisson risk regression model was used to assess the effect of RTA on the proportion of HIV+ persons linked to HIV care within 90 days of a reactive rapid test.Results:The PPV of the RTA was 100% compared with 86.4% for a single rapid test. The time between testing and receipt of RTA results was on average 8 days shorter than laboratory-based confirmatory testing. For risk groups other than men who had sex with men, the RTA increased the probability of being in care within 90 days compared with standard testing practice.Conclusions:The RTA increased the PPV of rapid testing to 100%, giving providers, clients, and HIV counselors timely information about a client's HIV-positive serostatus. Use of RTA could reduce loss to follow-up between testing positive and confirmation and increase the proportion of HIV-infected persons receiving HIV care. C1 [Delaney, Kevin P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rurangirwa, Jacqueline; Janson, Mike; Hu, Yunyin W.; Kerndt, Peter R.] Cty Los Angeles, Div HIV & STD Programs, Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Facente, Shelley; Dowling, Teri; Knoble, Thomas] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, HIV Prevent Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. [Vu, Annie; Scheer, Susan] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, HIV Epidemiol Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. [King, Jan] Cty Los Angeles, Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Delaney, KP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kdelaney@cdc.gov FU CDC [PS06-002] FX This study was funded by the CDC under cooperative agreement PS06-002. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 71 IS 1 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000807 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CY9GL UT WOS:000366715300011 PM 26284530 ER PT J AU Torrone, E Beeston, T Ochoa, R Richardson, M Gray, T Peterman, T Katz, KA AF Torrone, Elizabeth Beeston, Tara Ochoa, Rosemari Richardson, Marjorie Gray, Tom Peterman, Thomas Katz, Kenneth A. TI Chlamydia Screening in Juvenile Corrections: Even Females Considered to Be at Low Risk Are at High Risk SO JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article DE chlamydia; screening; correctional health; juvenile detention ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; TREATMENT GUIDELINES; PREVALENCE; PERFORMANCE; INFECTION; WOMEN; AGE AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends chlamydia screening at intake for all females in juvenile detention facilities. Identifying factors predictive of chlamydia could enable targeted screening, reducing costs while still identifying most infections. This study used demographic, arrest, and health data to identify factors associated with chlamydia among females aged 12 to 18 years entering a juvenile detention facility in San Diego during January 2009 to June 2010. The study created different screening criteria based on combinations of factors associated with infection and calculated sensitivity and proportion screened for each criterion. Overall chlamydia prevalence was 10.3% and was 4.2% among females reporting no sexual risk factors. No acceptable targeted screening approach was identified. High prevalence, even among females without risk factors, supports universal screening at intake. C1 [Torrone, Elizabeth; Peterman, Thomas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Torrone, Elizabeth] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Sci, Sci Educ & Profess Dev Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Beeston, Tara; Ochoa, Rosemari; Richardson, Marjorie; Gray, Tom; Katz, Kenneth A.] Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, HIV STD & Hepatitis Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA USA. RP Torrone, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,M-S E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM etorrone@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1078-3458 EI 1940-5200 J9 J CORRECT HEALTH CAR JI J. Correct. Health Care PD JAN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1177/1078345815618185 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY8MX UT WOS:000366663900003 PM 26672116 ER PT J AU Tarver, BA Sewell, J Oussayef, N AF Tarver, Brett A. Sewell, Jenny Oussayef, Nadia TI State Laws Governing HIV Testing in Correctional Settings SO JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article DE HIV testing; consent; HIV counseling; law; statute ID CHALLENGES; HEALTH AB At the end of 2010, 1.5% of inmates in state prisons were known to be HIV positive, a prevalence rate approximately 3 times that of the general population of the United States. Increased HIV testing in correctional settings has the potential to identify previously undiagnosed infections. This article offers a systematic review and analysis of state laws governing HIV testing in correctional settings, including HIV testing upon admission or prior to release, HIV testing for individuals charged with or convicted of specific crimes, and HIV testing of inmates in situations where contact between the inmate and law enforcement or corrections personnel may have led to an exposure. The implications of these laws for facilitating access to HIV testing within correctional settings are discussed. C1 [Tarver, Brett A.] Insley & Race LLC, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. [Sewell, Jenny; Oussayef, Nadia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tarver, BA (reprint author), Insley & Race LLC, Mayfair Royal, 181 14th St NE,Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. EM btarver@insleyrace.com NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1078-3458 EI 1940-5200 J9 J CORRECT HEALTH CAR JI J. Correct. Health Care PD JAN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 1 BP 28 EP 40 DI 10.1177/1078345815620182 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY8MX UT WOS:000366663900004 PM 26672117 ER PT J AU Vellozzi, C Averhoff, F AF Vellozzi, Claudia Averhoff, Francisco TI An opportunity for further control of hepatitis B in China? SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID VIRUS C1 [Vellozzi, Claudia; Averhoff, Francisco] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vellozzi, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bno1@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 16 IS 1 BP 10 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00245-5 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CY8NG UT WOS:000366664900008 PM 26268688 ER PT J AU Huang, SS Septimus, E Hayden, MK Kleinman, K Sturtevant, J Avery, TR Moody, J Hickok, J Lankiewicz, J Gombosev, A Kaganov, RE Haffenreffer, K Jernigan, JA Perlin, JB Platt, R Weinstein, RA AF Huang, Susan S. Septimus, Edward Hayden, Mary K. Kleinman, Ken Sturtevant, Jessica Avery, Taliser R. Moody, Julia Hickok, Jason Lankiewicz, Julie Gombosev, Adrijana Kaganov, Rebecca E. Haffenreffer, Katherine Jernigan, John A. Perlin, Jonathan B. Platt, Richard Weinstein, Robert A. CA AHRQ DEcIDE Network Healthcare Ass CDC Prevention Epictr Program TI Effect of body surface decolonisation on bacteriuria and candiduria in intensive care units: an analysis of a cluster-randomised trial SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID URINARY-TRACT-INFECTION; ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANT BACTERIA; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE; ACQUIRED INFECTION; CRITICALLY-ILL; RISK-FACTORS; REDUCE; IMPACT; METAANALYSIS AB Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common health-care-associated infections. Bacteriuria commonly precedes UTI and is often treated with antibiotics, particularly in hospital intensive care units (ICUs). In 2013, a cluster-randomised trial (REDUCE MRSA Trial [Randomized Evaluation of Decolonization vs Universal Clearance to Eradicate MRSA]) showed that body surface decolonisation reduced all-pathogen bloodstream infections. We aim to further assess the effect of decolonisation on bacteriuria and candiduria in patients admitted to ICUs. Methods We did a secondary analysis of a three-group, cluster-randomised trial of 43 hospitals (clusters) with patients in 74 adult ICUs. The three groups included were either meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening and isolation, targeted decolonisation (screening, isolation, and decolonisation of MRSA carriers) with chlorhexidine and mupirocin, and universal decolonisation (no screening, all patients decolonised) with chlorhexidine and mupirocin. Protocol included chlorhexidine cleansing of the perineum and proximal 6 inches (15.24 cm) of urinary catheters. ICUs within the same hospital were assigned the same strategy. Outcomes included high-level bacteriuria (>= 50 000 colony forming units [CFU]/mL) with any uropathogen, high-level candiduria (>= 50 000 CFU/mL), and any bacteriuria with uropathogens. Sex-specific analyses were specified a priori. Proportional hazards models assessed differences in outcome reductions across groups, comparing an 18-month intervention period to a 12-month baseline period. Findings 122 646 patients (48 390 baseline, 74 256 intervention) were enrolled. Intervention versus baseline hazard ratios (HRs) for high-level bacteriuria were 1.02 (95% CI 0.88-1.18) for screening or isolation, 0.88 (0.76-1.02) for targeted decolonisation, and 0.87 (0.77-1.00) for universal decolonisation (no difference between groups, p=0.26), with no sex-specific reductions (HRs for men: 1.09 [95% CI 0.85-1.40] for screening or isolation, 1.01 [0.79-1.29] for targeted decolonisation, and 0.78 [0.63-0.98] for universal decolonisation, p=0.12; HRs for women: 0.97 [0.80-1.17] for screening and isolation, 0.83 [0.70-1.00] for targeted decolonisation, and 0.93 [0.79-1.09] for universal decolonisation, p=0.49). HRs for high-level candiduria were 1.14 (0.95-1.37) for screening and isolation, 0.99 (0.83-1.18) for targeted decolonisation, and 0.83 (0.70-0.99) for universal decolonisation (p=0.05). Differences between sexes were due to reductions in men in the universal decolonisation group (HRs: 1.21 [95% CI 0.88-1.68] for screening or isolation, 1.01 [0.73-1.39] for targeted decolonisation, and 0.63 [0.45-0.89] for universal decolonisation, p=0.02). Bacteriuria with any CFU/mL was also reduced in men in the universal decolonisation group (HRs 1.01 [0.81-1.25] for screening or isolation, 1.04 [0.83-1.30] for targeted decolonisation, and 0.74 [0.61-0.90] for universal decolonisation, p=0.04). Interpretation Universal decolonisation of patients in the ICU with once a day chlorhexidine baths and short-course nasal mupirocin could be a potential preventive strategy in male patients because it significantly decreases candiduria and any bacteriuria, but not for women. C1 [Huang, Susan S.; Gombosev, Adrijana] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Orange, CA 92868 USA. [Septimus, Edward] Hosp Corp Amer, Clin Serv Grp, Houston, TX USA. [Moody, Julia; Hickok, Jason; Perlin, Jonathan B.] Hosp Corp Amer, Clin Serv Grp, Nashville, TN USA. [Septimus, Edward] Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Med, Div Infect Dis, Houston, TX USA. [Hayden, Mary K.; Weinstein, Robert A.] Rush Med Coll, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Kleinman, Ken; Sturtevant, Jessica; Avery, Taliser R.; Lankiewicz, Julie; Kaganov, Rebecca E.; Haffenreffer, Katherine; Platt, Richard] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Populat Med, Boston, MA USA. [Kleinman, Ken; Sturtevant, Jessica; Avery, Taliser R.; Lankiewicz, Julie; Kaganov, Rebecca E.; Haffenreffer, Katherine; Platt, Richard] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care Inst, Boston, MA USA. [Jernigan, John A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off HAI Prevent Res & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Weinstein, Robert A.] Cook Cty Hlth & Hosp Syst, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA. RP Huang, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Hlth Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Orange, CA 92868 USA. EM sshuang@uci.edu FU HAI Program from AHRQ; US Department of Health and Human Services as part of the Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions about Effectiveness (DEcIDE) program; CDC Prevention Epicenters Program FX HAI Program from AHRQ, US Department of Health and Human Services as part of the Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions about Effectiveness (DEcIDE) program, CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 16 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00238-8 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CY8NG UT WOS:000366664900035 PM 26631833 ER PT J AU Martin, AS Monsour, M Kissin, DM Jamieson, DJ Callaghan, WM Boulet, SL AF Martin, Angela S. Monsour, Michael Kissin, Dmitry M. Jamieson, Denise J. Callaghan, William M. Boulet, Sheree L. TI Trends in Severe Maternal Morbidity After Assisted Reproductive Technology in the United States, 2008-2012 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; SINGLETON PREGNANCIES; PERINATAL OUTCOMES; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; PREECLAMPSIA; FREQUENCY; DELIVERY; WOMEN; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in severe maternal morbidity from 2008 to 2012 in delivery and postpartum hospitalizations among pregnancies conceived with or without assisted reproductive technology (ART). METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, deliveries were identified in the 2008-2012 Truven Health Market-Scan Commercial Claims and Encounters Databases. Severe maternal morbidity was identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes and Current Procedural Terminology codes. Rate of severe maternal morbidity was calculated for ART and non-ART pregnancies. We performed multivariable logistic regression, controlling for maternal characteristics, and calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for severe morbidity. Additionally, a propensity score analysis was performed between ART and non-ART deliveries. RESULTS: Of 1,016,618 deliveries, 14,761 (1.5%) were identified as pregnancies conceived with ART. Blood transfusion was the most common severe morbidity indicator for ART and non-ART pregnancies. For every 10,000 singleton deliveries, there were 273 ART deliveries or postpartum hospitalizations with severe maternal morbidity compared with 126 for non-ART (P<.001). For ART singleton deliveries, the rate of severe morbidity decreased from 369 per 10,000 deliveries in 2008 to 219 per 10,000 deliveries in 2012 (P=.025). Odds of severe morbidity were increased for ART compared with non-ART singletons (adjusted OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.63-2.08). Among multiple gestations, there was no significant difference between ART and non-ART pregnancies (rate of severe morbidity for ART 604/10,000 and non-ART 539/10,000 deliveries, P=.089; adjusted OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.91-1.20). Propensity score matching agreed with these results. CONCLUSION: Singleton pregnancies conceived with ART are at increased risk for severe maternal morbidity; however, the rate has been decreasing since 2008. Multiple gestations have increased risk regardless of ART status. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Martin, AS (reprint author), Dept Gynecol & Obstet, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr,4th Floor,Glenn Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM amatlac@emory.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 127 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001197 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CZ2DF UT WOS:000366914600010 PM 26646124 ER PT J AU Lippy, C DeGue, S AF Lippy, Caroline DeGue, Sarah TI Exploring Alcohol Policy Approaches to Prevent Sexual Violence Perpetration SO TRAUMA VIOLENCE & ABUSE LA English DT Article DE alcohol; policy; regulation; rape; sexual violence; prevention ID INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; NORMS MARKETING CAMPAIGNS; MULTISITE RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; COLLEGE-STUDENT DRINKING; OUTLET DENSITY; HEALTH CONSEQUENCES; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; LICENSING LAW; UNITED-STATES; CONSUMPTION AB Sexual violence continues to be a significant public health problem worldwide with serious consequences for individuals and communities. The implementation of prevention strategies that address risk and protective factors for sexual violence at the community level are important components of a comprehensive approach, but few such strategies have been identified or evaluated. The current review explores one potential opportunity for preventing sexual violence perpetration at the community level: alcohol policy. Alcohol policy has the potential to impact sexual violence perpetration through the direct effects of excessive alcohol consumption on behavior or through the impact of alcohol and alcohol outlets on social organization within communities. Policies affecting alcohol pricing, sale time, outlet density, drinking environment, marketing, and college environment are reviewed to identify existing evidence of impact on rates of sexual violence or related outcomes, including risk factors and related health behaviors. Several policy areas with initial evidence of an association with sexual violence outcomes were identified, including policies affecting alcohol pricing, alcohol outlet density, barroom management, sexist content in alcohol marketing, and policies banning alcohol on campus and in substance-free dorms. We identify other policy areas with evidence of an impact on related outcomes and risk factors that may also hold potential as a preventative approach for sexual violence perpetration. Evidence from the current review suggests that alcohol policy may represent one promising avenue for the prevention of sexual violence perpetration at the community level, but additional research is needed to directly examine effects on sexual violence outcomes. C1 [Lippy, Caroline; DeGue, Sarah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lippy, C (reprint author), Northwest Network Bisexual Trans Lesbian & Gay Su, POB 18436, Seattle, WA 98118 USA. EM clippy@nwnetwork.org NR 104 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 17 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1524-8380 EI 1552-8324 J9 TRAUMA VIOLENCE ABUS JI Trauma Violence Abus. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 26 EP 42 DI 10.1177/1524838014557291 PG 17 WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Social Work SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Social Work GA CY7RX UT WOS:000366607700002 PM 25403447 ER PT J AU Othumpangat, S Noti, JD McMillen, CM Beezhold, DH AF Othumpangat, Sreekumar Noti, John D. McMillen, Cynthia M. Beezhold, Donald H. TI ICAM-1 regulates the survival of influenza virus in lung epithelial cells during the early stages of infection SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Intercellular cell adhesion molecule; Influenza virus; Lung epithelial cells; Signaling; NF-kappa B ID NF-KAPPA-B; ADHESION MOLECULE-1 ICAM-1; RHINOVIRUS INFECTION; A VIRUS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION; PROTEIN; KERATINOCYTES AB Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is an inducible cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed on many cell types. Influenza virus infection enhanced ICAM-1 expression and messenger RNA levels. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpC) and nasal epithelial cells, on exposure to different strains of influenza virus (H1N1, H3N2, and H9N1) showed significant increase in ICAM-1 gene expression (p <0.001) along with the ICAM-1 protein levels (surface and secreted). Depleting ICAM-1 in HBEpC with ICAM-1 siRNA and subsequently infecting with H1N1 showed increased viral copy numbers. Influenza virus infection in HBEpC resulted in up-regulation of NF-kappa B protein and the lack of ICAM-1 decreased NF-kappa B activity in NF-kappa B luciferase reporter assay. Addition of exogenous IL-1 beta to HBEpC induced the ICAM-1 expression and decreased matrix gene copy number. Taken together, HBEpC induced ICAM-1 plays a key role in modulating the influenza virus survival possibly through the NF-kappa B pathway. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Othumpangat, Sreekumar; Noti, John D.; McMillen, Cynthia M.; Beezhold, Donald H.] NIOSH, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Othumpangat, S (reprint author), NIOSH, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 4020, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM seo8@cdc.gov OI Othumpangat, Sreekumar/0000-0002-6563-611X FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 487 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2015.10.005 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA CY5HK UT WOS:000366438500010 PM 26499045 ER PT J AU Tretyakova, I Hidajat, R Hamilton, G Horn, N Nickols, B Prather, RO Tumpey, TM Pushko, P AF Tretyakova, Irina Hidajat, Rachmat Hamilton, Garrett Horn, Noah Nickols, Brian Prather, Raphael O. Tumpey, Terrence M. Pushko, Peter TI Preparation of quadri-subtype influenza virus-like particles using bovine immunodeficiency virus gag protein SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; Virus-like particle; VLP vaccine; H5N1; H7N9; H9N2; H10N8; BIV gag ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSES; AVIAN INFLUENZA; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; H7N9 VIRUS; INTRANASAL VACCINATION; CANDIDATE VACCINE; H5N1 INFLUENZA; HEMAGGLUTININ; FERRETS; MICE AB Influenza VLPs comprised of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix (M1) proteins have been previously used for immunological and virological studies. Here we demonstrated that influenza VLPs can be made in Sf9 cells by using the bovine immunodeficiency virus gag (Bgag) protein in place of M1. We showed that Bgag can be used to prepare VLPs for several influenza subtypes including H1N1 and H10N8. Furthermore, by using Bgag, we prepared quadri-subtype VLPs, which co-expressed within the VLP the four HA subtypes derived from avian-origin H5N1, H7N9, H9N2 and H10N8 viruses. VLPs showed hemagglutination and neuraminidase activities and reacted with specific antisera. The content and colocalization of each HA subtype within the quadri-subtype VLP were evaluated. Electron microscopy showed that Bgag-based VLPs resembled influenza virions with the diameter of 150-200 nm. This is the first report of quadri-subtype design for influenza VLP and the use of Bgag for influenza VLP preparation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tretyakova, Irina; Hidajat, Rachmat; Hamilton, Garrett; Horn, Noah; Nickols, Brian; Prather, Raphael O.; Pushko, Peter] Medigen Inc, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pushko, P (reprint author), Medigen Inc, 8420 Gas House Pike, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM ppushko@medigen-usa.com FU USDA NIFA [2013-33610-21041]; NIH NIAID [R01 AI111532] FX This project was supported in part by Grant 2013-33610-21041 from the USDA NIFA and Grant R01 AI111532 from the NIH NIAID. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 487 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2015.10.007 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA CY5HK UT WOS:000366438500018 PM 26529299 ER PT J AU Ladd-Acosta, C Shu, C Lee, BK Gidaya, N Singer, A Schieve, LA Schendel, DE Jones, N Daniels, JL Windham, GC Newschaffer, CJ Croen, LA Feinberg, AP Fallin, MD AF Ladd-Acosta, Christine Shu, Chang Lee, Brian K. Gidaya, Nicole Singer, Alison Schieve, Laura A. Schendel, Diana E. Jones, Nicole Daniels, Julie L. Windham, Gayle C. Newschaffer, Craig J. Croen, Lisa A. Feinberg, Andrew P. Fallin, M. Daniele TI Presence of an epigenetic signature of prenatal cigarette smoke exposure in childhood SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Epigenetics; Prenatal smoking exposure; Childhood; DNA methylation; Biomarker ID DNA METHYLATION; MATERNAL SMOKING; TOBACCO-SMOKE; PREGNANCY; ASSOCIATION; TISSUE; METAANALYSES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPRESSION; STABILITY AB Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke has lifelong health consequences. Epigenetic signatures such as differences in DNA methylation (DNAm) may be a biomarker of exposure and, further, might have functional significance for how in utero tobacco exposure may influence disease risk. Differences in infant DNAm associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy have been identified. Here we assessed whether these infant DNAm patterns are detectible in early childhood, whether they are specific to smoking, and whether childhood DNAm can classify prenatal smoke exposure status. Using the lnfinium 450 K array, we measured methylation at 26 CpG loci that were previously associated with prenatal smoking in infant cord blood from 572 children, aged 3-5, with differing prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke in the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED). Striking concordance was found between the pattern of prenatal smoking associated DNAm among preschool aged children in SEED and those observed at birth in other studies. These DNAm changes appear to be tobacco-specific. Support vector machine classification models and 10-fold cross-validation were applied to show classification accuracy for childhood DNAm at these 26 sites as a biomarker of prenatal smoking exposure. Classification models showed prenatal exposure to smoking can be assigned with 81% accuracy using childhood DNAm patterns at these 26 loci. These findings support the potential for blood-derived DNAm measurements to serve as biomarkers for prenatal exposure. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ladd-Acosta, Christine; Singer, Alison] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Shu, Chang; Fallin, M. Daniele] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Lee, Brian K.; Gidaya, Nicole; Newschaffer, Craig J.] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Schieve, Laura A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schendel, Diana E.] Aarhus Univ, Lundbeck Fdn,Dept Publ Hlth, Initiat Integrat Psychiat Res iPSYCH,Dept Econ &, Natl Ctr Register Based Res,Inst Epidemiol & Soci, Aarhus, Denmark. [Jones, Nicole] Michigan State Univ, Biomed Res Informat Core, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Daniels, Julie L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Windham, Gayle C.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Richmond, CA USA. [Newschaffer, Craig J.] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, AJ Drexel Autism Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Croen, Lisa A.] Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Feinberg, Andrew P.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Inst Basic Biomed Sci, Ctr Epigenet, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Fallin, MD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 624 N Broadway,HH850, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dfallin@jhu.edu OI Shu, Chang/0000-0002-3730-5102; Lee, Brian/0000-0002-3635-8034 FU Autism Speaks; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment [U10DD000180]; Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (CA) [U10DD000181]; University of Pennsylvania [U10DD000182]; Johns Hopkins University [U10DDD000183]; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [U10DD000184]; Michigan State University [U10DD000498] FX We would like to thank Dr. Homayoon Farzadegan, Stacey Cayetano, Samantha Bragan, and Brett Purinton from the Johns Hopkins Biological Repository for overseeing, isolating DNA, pulling, and plating the SEED DNA samples, Arni Runarsson at Johns Hopkins Epigenetics Center for running the Illumina 450 K methylation Bead Chips. The DNA methylation analyses were funded by Autism Speaks. The SEED recruitment and data support was funded through six cooperative agreements from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Cooperative Agreement Number U10DD000180, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment; Cooperative Agreement Number U10DD000181, Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (CA);. Cooperative Agreement Number U10DD000182, University of Pennsylvania; Cooperative Agreement Number U10DDD000183, Johns Hopkins University; Cooperative Agreement Number U10DD000184, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; and Cooperative Agreement Number U10DD000498, Michigan State University. An earlier version of this work was presented at the 2013 Epigenomics of Common Disease conference in Cambridge, UK. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 144 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.014 PN A PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY5HO UT WOS:000366438900015 PM 26610292 ER PT J AU Navdarashvili, A Doker, TJ Geleishvili, M Haberling, DL Kharod, GA Rush, TH Maes, E Zakhashvili, K Imnadze, P Bower, WA Walke, HT Shadomy, SV AF Navdarashvili, A. Doker, T. J. Geleishvili, M. Haberling, D. L. Kharod, G. A. Rush, T. H. Maes, E. Zakhashvili, K. Imnadze, P. Bower, W. A. Walke, H. T. Shadomy, S. V. CA Anthrax Invest Team TI Human anthrax outbreak associated with livestock exposure: Georgia, 2012 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Anthrax; bacterial infections; control; epidemiology; zoonoses ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX AB Human anthrax cases reported in the country of Georgia increased 75% from 2011 (n = 81) to 2012 (n = 142). This increase prompted a case-control investigation using 67 culture- or PCR-confirmed cases and 134 controls matched by residence and gender to investigate risk factor(s) for infection during the month before case onset. Independent predictors most strongly associated with disease in the multivariable modelling were slaughtering animals [odds ratio (OR) 7.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9-18.1, P < 0.001] and disposing of dead animals (OR 13.6, 95% CI 1.5-119.8, P = 0.02). Participants owning or working with livestock (n = 131) were additionally interviewed about livestock management practices during the previous 6 months: 53 (44%) of 121 respondents vaccinated livestock against anthrax; 19 (16%) of 116 moved livestock >1 km; 15 (12%) of 125 had sick livestock; and 11 (9%) of 128 respondents reported finding dead livestock. We recommend joint public health and veterinary anthrax case investigations to identify areas of increased risk for livestock anthrax outbreaks, annual anthrax vaccination of livestock in those areas, and public awareness education. C1 [Navdarashvili, A.; Zakhashvili, K.; Imnadze, P.] Georgia Minist Hlth, Georgia Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Doker, T. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Doker, T. J.; Kharod, G. A.; Bower, W. A.; Walke, H. T.; Shadomy, S. V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Geleishvili, M.; Rush, T. H.; Maes, E.] South Caucasus Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Pro, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Haberling, D. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Dis & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rush, T. H.; Maes, E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global Hlth Protect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Doker, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM thomas.doker@gmail.com OI Doker, Thomas/0000-0001-8920-4912 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 144 IS 1 BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.1017/S0950268815001442 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA CY0LS UT WOS:000366098200009 PM 26088361 ER PT J AU Hladik, W Benech, I Bateganya, M Hakim, AJ AF Hladik, Wolfgang Benech, Irene Bateganya, Moses Hakim, Avi J. TI The utility of population-based surveys to describe the continuum of HIV services for key and general populations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Review DE Continuum of HIV services; cascade of services; care and treatment; population-based surveys; key populations; HIV; AIDS; treatment; antiretroviral therapy ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; SOUTH-AFRICA; SEX WORKERS; PREVENTION; CARE; INFECTION; MEN; PREVALENCE AB Monitoring the cascade or continuum of HIV services - ranging from outreach services to anti-retroviral treatment - has become increasingly important as the focus in prevention moves toward biomedical interventions, in particular, Treatment as Prevention.' The HIV continuum typically utilises clinic-based care and treatment monitoring data and helps identify gaps and inform programme improvements. This paper discusses the merits of a population-based survey-informed continuum of services. Surveys provide individual-level, population-based data by sampling persons both in and outside the continuum, which facilitate the estimation of population fractions, such as the proportion of people living with HIV in care, as well as the examination of determinants for being in or outside the continuum. Survey-informed cascades of services may especially benefit key populations at increased risk for HIV infection for who social marginalisation, criminalisation, and stigma result in barriers to access and retention in services, a low social visibility, mobility, and outreach-based services can compromise clinic-based monitoring. Adding CD4+ T-cell count and viral load measurements to such surveys may provide population-level information on viral load suppression, stage of disease, treatment needs, and population-level transmission potential. While routine clinic-based reporting will remain the mainstay of monitoring, a survey-informed service cascade can address some of its limitations and offer additional insights. C1 [Hladik, Wolfgang; Benech, Irene; Bateganya, Moses; Hakim, Avi J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hladik, W (reprint author), CDC MS E-30,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wfh3@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 EI 1758-1052 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD JAN PY 2016 VL 27 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 DI 10.1177/0956462415581728 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CY1IL UT WOS:000366159800001 PM 25907348 ER PT J AU Djomand, G Gao, HJ Singa, B Hornston, S Bennett, E Odek, J McClelland, RS John-Stewart, G Bock, N AF Djomand, Gaston Gao, Hongjiang Singa, Benson Hornston, Sureyya Bennett, Eddas Odek, James McClelland, R. Scott John-Stewart, Grace Bock, Naomi TI Genital infections and syndromic diagnosis among HIV-infected women in HIV care programmes in Kenya SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; sexually transmitted infections; women; Genital infections; syndromic management; vaginal discharge; Kenya ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS INFECTION; PERIODIC PRESUMPTIVE TREATMENT; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; PREVENTION; RISK; ACQUISITION; PARTNERS AB Control of genital infections remains challenging in most regions. Despite advocacy by the World Health Organization for syndromic case management, there are limited data on the syndromic approach, especially in HIV care settings. This study compared the syndromic approach with laboratory diagnosis among women in HIV care in Kenya. A mobile team visited 39 large HIV care programmes in Kenya and enrolled participants using population-proportionate sampling. Participants provided behavioural and clinical data with genital and blood specimens for lab testing. Among 1063 women, 68.4% had been on antiretroviral therapy >1 year; 58.9% were using cotrimoxazole prophylaxis; 51 % had CD4+T-lymphocytes<350 cells/mu L. Most women (63.1%) reported at least one genital symptom. Clinical signs were found in 63% of women; and 30.8% had an aetiological diagnosis. Bacterial vaginosis (17.4%), vaginal candidiasis (10.6%) and trichomoniasis (10.5%) were the most common diagnoses. Using laboratory diagnoses as gold standard, sensitivity and positive predictive value of the syndromic diagnosis for vaginal discharge were 47.6% and 52.7%, respectively, indicating a substantial amount of overtreatment. A systematic physical examination increased by 9.3% the positive predictive value for genital ulcer disease. Women attending HIV care programmes in Kenya have high rates of vaginal infections. Syndromic diagnosis was a poor predictor of those infections. C1 [Djomand, Gaston; Gao, Hongjiang; Hornston, Sureyya; Bennett, Eddas; Bock, Naomi] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Singa, Benson] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Odek, James] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DGHA, Nairobi, Kenya. [McClelland, R. Scott; John-Stewart, Grace] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. [McClelland, R. Scott; John-Stewart, Grace] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol & Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Djomand, G (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gdd7@cdc.gov FU U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Global HIV/AIDS (DGHA) [U62/CCU024512] FX The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This publication was made possible by support from the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through cooperative agreement [U62/CCU024512] from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Global HIV/AIDS (DGHA). NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 EI 1758-1052 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD JAN PY 2016 VL 27 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1177/0956462415568982 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CY1IL UT WOS:000366159800003 PM 25614522 ER PT J AU Shcherbik, S Pearce, N Kiseleva, I Larionova, N Rudenko, L Xu, XY Wentworth, DE Bousse, T AF Shcherbik, Svetlana Pearce, Nicholas Kiseleva, Irina Larionova, Natalie Rudenko, Larisa Xu, Xiyan Wentworth, David E. Bousse, Tatiana TI Implementation of new approaches for generating conventional reassortants for live attenuated influenza vaccine based on Russian master donor viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Live vaccine; Reassortants generation ID PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; GENOME COMPOSITION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; RECOMBINANTS; EGGS; HEMAGGLUTININ; STABILITY; COUNTRIES; CHILDREN; EFFICACY AB Cold-adapted influenza strains A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) and B/USSR/60/69, originally developed in Russia, have been reliable master donors of attenuation for preparing live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV). The classical strategy for generating LAIV reassortants is robust, but has some disadvantages. The generation of reassortants requires at least 3 passages under selective conditions after co-infection; each of these selective passages takes six days. Screening the reassortants for a genomic composition traditionally starts after a second limiting dilution cloning procedure, and the number of suitable reassortants is limited. We developed a new approach to shorten process of preparing LAIV seed viruses. Introducing the genotyping of reassortants by pyrosequencing and monitoring sequence integrity of surface antigens starting at the first selective passage allowed specific selection of suitable reassortants for the next cloning procedure and also eliminate one of the group selective passage in vaccine candidate generation. Homogeneity analysis confirmed that reducing the number of selective passages didn't affect the quality of LAIV seed viruses. Finally, the two-way hemagglutination inhibition test, implemented for all the final seed viruses, confirmed that any amino acid substitutions acquired by reassortants during egg propagation didn't affect antigenicity of the vaccine. Our new strategy reduces the time required to generate a vaccine and was used to generate seasonal LAIVs candidates for the 2012/2013, 2014/2015, and 2015/2016 seasons more rapidly. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Shcherbik, Svetlana; Pearce, Nicholas; Xu, Xiyan; Wentworth, David E.; Bousse, Tatiana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shcherbik, Svetlana; Pearce, Nicholas] Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Kiseleva, Irina; Larionova, Natalie; Rudenko, Larisa] Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Expt Med, Dept Virol, St Petersburg P-22, Russia. RP Bousse, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MS-G16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tbousse@cdc.gov RI Rudenko, Larisa/B-5169-2015; Kiseleva, Irina/E-6555-2014; OI Rudenko, Larisa/0000-0002-0107-9959; Kiseleva, Irina/0000-0002-3892-9873; Wentworth, David/0000-0002-5190-980X FU WHO; BARDA FX We thank members of Virus Reference Team, CDC, Atlanta, for providing egg grown isolates of viruses used in this study and performing two-way HI tests on LAIV reassortants. We thank BioDiem (Australia) for providing MDV. We thank Rebecca Garten for the help in submission sequences data to EpiFlu database of GISAID. We thank Tatiana Klimova for critical reading of the manuscript. We thank WHO and BARDA for special contribution funds to support LAIV seed strains generation and quality control at CDC. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 EI 1879-0984 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JAN PY 2016 VL 227 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.10.009 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA CY5JP UT WOS:000366444200005 PM 26519883 ER PT B AU Rubin, DB Zell, ER AF Rubin, Donald B. Zell, Elizabeth R. BE Henly, SJ TI CAUSALITY IN EXPERIMENTS AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES SO ROUTLEDGE INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF ADVANCED QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN NURSING RESEARCH SE Routledge International Handbooks LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRINCIPAL STRATIFICATION; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; DESIGN; NONCOMPLIANCE; TRIALS; RANDOMIZATION; PREVENTION; OUTCOMES C1 [Rubin, Donald B.] Harvard Univ, Stat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zell, Elizabeth R.] Stat Epi Associates Inc, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL USA. [Zell, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rubin, DB (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Stat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-88230-7; 978-0-415-52180-2 J9 ROUT INT HANDB PY 2016 BP 213 EP 223 PG 11 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Nursing; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Nursing; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Mathematics GA BD7HT UT WOS:000363111700016 ER PT J AU Ward, JW Mermin, JH AF Ward, John W. Mermin, Jonathan H. TI Simple, Effective, but Out of Reach? Public Health Implications of HCV Drugs SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS C1 [Ward, John W.; Mermin, Jonathan H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Ward, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 6 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 31 PY 2015 VL 373 IS 27 BP 2678 EP 2680 DI 10.1056/NEJMe1513245 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CZ8UH UT WOS:000367374100014 PM 26575359 ER PT J AU Greenawald, LA Snyder, JL Fry, NL Sailor, MJ Boss, GR Finklea, HO Bell, S AF Greenawald, Lee A. Snyder, Jay L. Fry, Nicole L. Sailor, Michael J. Boss, Gerry R. Finklea, Harry O. Bell, Suzanne TI Development of a cobinamide-based end-of-service-life indicator for detection of hydrogen cyanide gas SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Paper sensor; Optical sensor; Hydrogen cyanide; Cobinamide; Diffuse reflectance; End-of-service-life indicator ID REFLECTANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; PAPER; ANALYZER; PHASE AB We describe an inexpensive paper-based sensor for rapid detection of low concentrations (ppm) of hydrogen cyanide gas. A piece of filter paper pre-spotted with a dilute monocyanocobinamide [CN(H2O)Cbi] solution was placed on the end of a bifurcated optical fiber and the reflectance spectrum of the CN(H2O)Cbi was monitored during exposure to 1.0-10.0 ppm hydrogen cyanide gas. Formation of dicyanocobinamide yielded a peak at 583 nm with a simultaneous decrease in reflectance from 450-500 nm. Spectral changes were monitored as a function of time at several relative humidity values: 25,50, and 85% relative humidity. With either cellulose or glass fiber papers, spectral changes occurred within 10 s of exposure to 5.0 ppm hydrogen cyanide gas (NIOSH recommended short-term exposure limit). We conclude that this sensor could provide a real-time end-of-service-life alert to a respirator user. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Greenawald, Lee A.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NPPTL, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Snyder, Jay L.] NIOSH, NPPTL, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Fry, Nicole L.; Sailor, Michael J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Boss, Gerry R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Finklea, Harry O.; Bell, Suzanne] W Virginia Univ, C Eugene Bennett Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Greenawald, LA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NPPTL, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ilv1@cdc.gov FU CDC/NIOSH/NPPTL FX The authors acknowledge financial support from CDC/NIOSH/NPPTL for the funding of this project. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD DEC 31 PY 2015 VL 221 BP 379 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2015.06.085 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CT6JA UT WOS:000362918100050 PM 26213448 ER PT J AU Rhee, SY Jordan, MR Raizes, E Chua, A Parkin, N Kantor, R Van Zyl, GU Mukui, I Hosseinipour, MC Frenkel, LM Ndembi, N Hamers, RL de Wit, TFR Wallis, CL Gupta, RK Fokam, J Zeh, C Schapiro, JM Carmona, S Katzenstein, D Tang, M Aghokeng, AF De Oliveira, T Wensing, AMJ Gallant, JE Wainberg, MA Richman, DD Fitzgibbon, JE Schito, M Bertagnolio, S Yang, CF Shafer, RW AF Rhee, Soo-Yon Jordan, Michael R. Raizes, Elliot Chua, Arlene Parkin, Neil Kantor, Rami Van Zyl, Gert U. Mukui, Irene Hosseinipour, Mina C. Frenkel, Lisa M. Ndembi, Nicaise Hamers, Raph L. de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke Wallis, Carole L. Gupta, Ravindra K. Fokam, Joseph Zeh, Clement Schapiro, Jonathan M. Carmona, Sergio Katzenstein, David Tang, Michele Aghokeng, Avelin F. De Oliveira, Tulio Wensing, Annemarie M. J. Gallant, Joel E. Wainberg, Mark A. Richman, Douglas D. Fitzgibbon, Joseph E. Schito, Marco Bertagnolio, Silvia Yang, Chunfu Shafer, Robert W. TI HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations: Potential Applications for Point-of-Care Genotypic Resistance Testing SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; VIROLOGICAL FAILURE; PROTEASE INHIBITOR; SOUTH-AFRICA; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; TREATMENT PROGRAMS; NAIVE INDIVIDUALS; ATAZANAVIR AB The increasing prevalence of acquired and transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance is an obstacle to successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) hardest hit by the HIV-1 pandemic. Genotypic drug resistance testing could facilitate the choice of initial ART in areas with rising transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and enable care-providers to determine which individuals with virological failure (VF) on a first-or second-line ART regimen require a change in treatment. An inexpensive near point-of-care (POC) genotypic resistance test would be useful in settings where the resources, capacity, and infrastructure to perform standard genotypic drug resistance testing are limited. Such a test would be particularly useful in conjunction with the POC HIV-1 viral load tests that are currently being introduced in LMICs. A POC genotypic resistance test is likely to involve the use of allele-specific point mutation assays for detecting drug-resistance mutations (DRMs). This study proposes that two major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-associated DRMs (M184V and K65R) and four major NNRTI-associated DRMs (K103N, Y181C, G190A, and V106M) would be the most useful for POC genotypic resistance testing in LMIC settings. One or more of these six DRMs was present in 61.2% of analyzed virus sequences from ART-naive individuals with intermediate or high-level TDR and 98.8% of analyzed virus sequences from individuals on a first-line NRTI/NNRTI-containing regimen with intermediate or high-level acquired drug resistance. The detection of one or more of these DRMs in an ART-naive individual or in a individual with VF on a first-line NRTI/NNRTI-containing regimen may be considered an indication for a protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimen or closer virological monitoring based on cost-effectiveness or country policy. C1 [Rhee, Soo-Yon; Katzenstein, David; Tang, Michele; Shafer, Robert W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Jordan, Michael R.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Raizes, Elliot; Yang, Chunfu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chua, Arlene] Access Campaign, Med Sans Frontieres, Geneva, Switzerland. [Chua, Arlene] Tan Tock Seng Hosp, Inst Infect Dis & Epidemiol, Singapore, Singapore. [Parkin, Neil] Data First Consulting, Belmont, MA USA. [Kantor, Rami] Brown Univ, Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Van Zyl, Gert U.] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Tygerberg, Coastal Branch, South Africa. [Van Zyl, Gert U.] Univ Stellenbosch, Div Med Virol, Parow, South Africa. [Mukui, Irene] Natl AIDS & Sexually Transmitted Infect STI Contr, Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Hosseinipour, Mina C.] UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Frenkel, Lisa M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Frenkel, Lisa M.] Seattle Childrens Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [Ndembi, Nicaise] Inst Human Virol, Abuja, Nigeria. [Hamers, Raph L.; de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, AIGHD, Dept Global Hlth, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Wallis, Carole L.] Lancet Labs & BARC SA, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Gupta, Ravindra K.] UCL, Dept Infect, London, England. [Fokam, Joseph] Chantal BIYA Int Reference Ctr Res HIV AIDS Preve, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Fokam, Joseph] Univ Yaounde I, FMBS, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Zeh, Clement] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schapiro, Jonathan M.] Natl Hemophilia Ctr, Tel Hashomer, Israel. [Carmona, Sergio] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Haematol & Mol Med, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Carmona, Sergio] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Aghokeng, Avelin F.] Virol Lab CREMER IMPM, Yaounde, Cameroon. [De Oliveira, Tulio] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Africa Ctr Hlth & Populat Studies, Sch Lab Med & Med Sci, Durban, South Africa. [Wensing, Annemarie M. J.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Microbiol, Virol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Gallant, Joel E.] Southwest CARE Ctr, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Wainberg, Mark A.] McGill Univ, Jewish Gen Hosp, AIDS Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3T 1E2, Canada. [Richman, Douglas D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Richman, Douglas D.] Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. [Fitzgibbon, Joseph E.] NIAID, NIH, Drug Dev & Clin Sci Branch, Div Aids, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schito, Marco] Adv Mil Med Inc, Henry M Jackson Fdn, HJF DAIDS Div, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bertagnolio, Silvia] WHO, HIV Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Rhee, SY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM syrhee@stanford.edu OI Chua, Arlene/0000-0001-6428-9083; Mukui, Irene/0000-0002-3699-1841 FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; NIH [AI068581]; CFAR [1P30A142853]; Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX RWS and SYR were supported in part by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and from the NIH (AI068581). NP was supported by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. MRJ was supported in part by CFAR 1P30A142853. This project has been supported in part by the Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Data First Consulting provided support in the form of salaries for authors NP, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions section. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0145772 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0145772 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DA0TN UT WOS:000367510500068 PM 26717411 ER PT J AU Suntharasamai, P Martin, M Choopanya, K Vanichseni, S Sangkum, U Tararut, P Leelawiwat, W Anekvorapong, R Mock, PA Cherdtrakulkiat, T Leethochawalit, M Chiamwongpaet, S Gvetadze, RJ McNicholl, JM Paxton, LA Kittimunkong, S Curlin, ME AF Suntharasamai, Pravan Martin, Michael Choopanya, Kachit Vanichseni, Suphak Sangkum, Udomsak Tararut, Pairote Leelawiwat, Wanna Anekvorapong, Rapeepan Mock, Philip A. Cherdtrakulkiat, Thitima Leethochawalit, Manoj Chiamwongpaet, Sithisat Gvetadze, Roman J. McNicholl, Janet M. Paxton, Lynn A. Kittimunkong, Somyot Curlin, Marcel E. TI Assessment of Oral Fluid HIV Test Performance in an HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Trial in Bangkok, Thailand SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB Background Rapid easy-to-use HIV tests offer opportunities to increase HIV testing among populations at risk of infection. We used the OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 antibody test (OraQuick) in the Bangkok Tenofovir Study, an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis trial among people who inject drugs. Methods The Bangkok Tenofovir Study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. We tested participants' oral fluid for HIV using OraQuick monthly and blood using a nucleic-acid amplification test (NAAT) every 3 months. We used Kaplan-Meier methods to estimate the duration from a positive HIV NAAT until the mid-point between the last non-reactive and first reactive oral fluid test and proportional hazards to examine factors associated with the time until the test was reactive. Results We screened 3678 people for HIV using OraQuick. Among 447 with reactive results, 436 (97.5%) were confirmed HIV-infected, 10 (2.2%) HIV-uninfected, and one (0.2%) had indeterminate results. Two participants with non-reactive OraQuick results were, in fact, HIV-infected at screening yielding 99.5% sensitivity, 99.7% specificity, a 97.8% positive predictive value, and a 99.9% negative predictive value. Participants receiving tenofovir took longer to develop a reactive OraQuick (191.8 days) than participants receiving placebo (16.8 days) (p = 0.02) and participants infected with HIV CRF01_AE developed a reactive OraQuick earlier than participants infected with other subtypes (p = 0.04). Discussion The oral fluid HIV test performed well at screening, suggesting it can be used when rapid results and non-invasive tools are preferred. However, participants receiving tenofovir took longer to develop a reactive oral fluid test result than those receiving placebo. Thus, among people using pre-exposure prophylaxis, a blood-based HIV test may be an appropriate choice. C1 [Suntharasamai, Pravan; Choopanya, Kachit; Vanichseni, Suphak; Sangkum, Udomsak] Bangkok Tenofovir Study Grp, Bangkok, Thailand. [Martin, Michael; Tararut, Pairote; Leelawiwat, Wanna; Mock, Philip A.; Cherdtrakulkiat, Thitima; Curlin, Marcel E.] Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Martin, Michael; Gvetadze, Roman J.; McNicholl, Janet M.; Paxton, Lynn A.; Curlin, Marcel E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Anekvorapong, Rapeepan; Leethochawalit, Manoj; Chiamwongpaet, Sithisat] Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. [Kittimunkong, Somyot] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Martin, M (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. EM Znd9@cdc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) FX The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sponsored the trial in collaboration with the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA). CDC and BMA staff participated in study design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation of the results. The corresponding author had access to all the data and decided to submit the manuscript for publication. Study drug was donated by Gilead Sciences. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0145859 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0145859 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DA0TN UT WOS:000367510500084 PM 26717405 ER PT J AU Taylor, E Haven, K Reed, P Bissielo, A Harvey, D McArthur, C Bringans, C Freundlich, S Ingram, RJH Perry, D Wilson, F Milne, D Modahl, L Huang, QS Gross, D Widdowson, MA Grant, CC AF Taylor, Emma Haven, Kathryn Reed, Peter Bissielo, Ange Harvey, Dave McArthur, Colin Bringans, Cameron Freundlich, Simone Ingram, R. Joan H. Perry, David Wilson, Francessa Milne, David Modahl, Lucy Huang, Q. Sue Gross, Diane Widdowson, Marc-Alain Grant, Cameron C. CA SHIVERS Invest Team TI A chest radiograph scoring system in patients with severe acute respiratory infection: a validation study SO BMC MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Humans; Radiography; Thoracic; Respiratory tract infections; Validation studies ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; H1N1 INFLUENZA; STANDARDIZED INTERPRETATION; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; VIRUS; DISEASE AB Background: The term severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) encompasses a heterogeneous group of respiratory illnesses. Grading the severity of SARI is currently reliant on indirect disease severity measures such as respiratory and heart rate, and the need for oxygen or intensive care. With the lungs being the primary organ system involved in SARI, chest radiographs (CXRs) are potentially useful for describing disease severity. Our objective was to develop and validate a SARI CXR severity scoring system. Methods: We completed validation within an active SARI surveillance project, with SARI defined using the World Health Organization case definition of an acute respiratory infection with a history of fever, or measured fever of >= 38 degrees C; and cough; and with onset within the last 10 days; and requiring hospital admission. We randomly selected 250 SARI cases. Admission CXR findings were categorized as: 1 = normal; 2 = patchy atelectasis and/or hyperinflation and/or bronchial wall thickening; 3 = focal consolidation; 4 = multifocal consolidation; and 5 = diffuse alveolar changes. Initially, four radiologists scored CXRs independently. Subsequently, a pediatrician, physician, two residents, two medical students, and a research nurse independently scored CXR reports. Inter-observer reliability was determined using a weighted Kappa (kappa) for comparisons between radiologists; radiologists and clinicians; and clinicians. Agreement was defined as moderate (kappa > 0.4-0.6), good (kappa > 0.6-0.8) and very good (kappa > 0.8-1.0). Results: Agreement between the two pediatric radiologists was very good (kappa = 0.83, 95 % CI 0.65-1.00) and between the two adult radiologists was good (kappa = 0.75, 95 % CI 0.57-0. 93). Agreement of the clinicians with the radiologists was moderate-to-good (pediatrician:kappa = 0.65; pediatric resident:kappa= 0.69; physician:kappa = 0.68; resident:kappa = 0.67; research nurse:kappa = 0.49, medical students:kappa = 0.53 and kappa = 0.56). Agreement between clinicians was good-to-very good (pediatrician vs. physician:kappa = 0.85; vs. pediatric resident:kappa = 0.81; vs. medicine resident:kappa = 0.76; vs. research nurse:kappa = 0.75; vs. medical students:kappa = 0.63 and 0.66). Following review of discrepant CXR report scores by clinician pairs,kappa values for radiologist-clinician agreement ranged from 0.59 to 0.70 and for clinician-clinician agreement from 0.97 to 0.99. Conclusions: This five-point CXR scoring tool, suitable for use in poorly-and well-resourced settings and by clinicians of varying experience levels, reliably describes SARI severity. The resulting numerical data enables epidemiological comparisons of SARI severity between different countries and settings. C1 [Taylor, Emma; Grant, Cameron C.] Starship Childrens Hosp, Auckland, New Zealand. [Haven, Kathryn; Bissielo, Ange; McArthur, Colin; Huang, Q. Sue; Grant, Cameron C.] SHIVERS Study, Auckland, New Zealand. [Haven, Kathryn; Bissielo, Ange; McArthur, Colin; Huang, Q. Sue; Grant, Cameron C.] SHIVERS Study, Wellington, New Zealand. [Reed, Peter] Starship Childrens Hosp, Childrens Res Ctr, Auckland, New Zealand. [Bissielo, Ange] Inst Environm Sci & Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Harvey, Dave; McArthur, Colin] Auckland City Hosp, Dept Crit Care Med, Auckland, New Zealand. [Bringans, Cameron; Freundlich, Simone; Grant, Cameron C.] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Ingram, R. Joan H.; Huang, Q. Sue] Auckland City Hosp, Infect Dis, Auckland, New Zealand. [Perry, David; Wilson, Francessa] Starship Childrens Hosp, Radiol, Auckland, New Zealand. [Milne, David; Modahl, Lucy] Auckland City Hosp, Radiol, Auckland, New Zealand. [Gross, Diane] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Grant, Cameron C.] Univ Auckland, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Paediat Child & Youth Hlth, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. RP Grant, CC (reprint author), Starship Childrens Hosp, Auckland, New Zealand. EM cc.grant@auckland.ac.nz OI Grant, Cameron/0000-0002-4032-7230 FU Institute of Environmental Science and Research; Auckland District Health Board; Counties-Manukau District Health Board; University of Otago; University of Auckland; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre at St Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, USA; US CDC [1U01IP000480-01] FX The SHIVERS project is a multicenter and multidisciplinary collaboration. Special thanks to these collaborating organizations for their commitment and support: Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Auckland District Health Board, Counties-Manukau District Health Board, University of Otago, University of Auckland, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre at St Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, USA. Special thanks to: the research nurses at Auckland District Health Board; the research nurses at Counties-Manukau District Health Board; staff of the World Health Organization National Influenza Centre and Institute of Environmental Science and Research; the Health Intelligence Team, Institute of Environmental Science and Research; staff of the Auckland District Health Board laboratory and Counties-Manukau District Health Board laboratory; information technology staff; and SARI surveillance participants. In addition, special thanks to Dr. Dean Erdman from Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, US CDC, who provided the real-time PCR assay for non-influenza respiratory viruses. We also acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Catherine Gilchrist (PhD), medical writer, who edited the manuscript and assisted with the creation of tables and figures. The New Zealand Ministry of Health provided support in kind.; The SHIVERS project is funded by US CDC (1U01IP000480-01). The involvement of Cameron Bringans and Simone Freundlich in this project was funding by a University of Auckland summer research studentship. The hospital-based surveillance is a key component of the SHIVERS project. The SHIVERS project is a five-year research cooperative agreement between ESR and US CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Influenza Division. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2342 J9 BMC MED IMAGING JI BMC Med. Imag. PD DEC 29 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 61 DI 10.1186/s12880-015-0103-y PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CZ9PR UT WOS:000367430000002 PM 26714630 ER PT J AU Van Haren, K Ayscue, P Waubant, E Clayton, A Sheriff, H Yagi, S Glenn-Finer, R Padilla, T Strober, JB Aldrovandi, G Wadford, DA Chiu, CY Xia, DX Harriman, K Watt, JP Glaser, CA AF Van Haren, Keith Ayscue, Patrick Waubant, Emmanuella Clayton, Anna Sheriff, Heather Yagi, Shigeo Glenn-Finer, Rose Padilla, Tasha Strober, Jonathan B. Aldrovandi, Grace Wadford, Debra A. Chiu, Charles Y. Xia, Dongxiang Harriman, Kathleen Watt, James P. Glaser, Carol A. TI Acute Flaccid Myelitis of Unknown Etiology in California, 2012-2015 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ENTEROVIRUS 68; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS; TRANSVERSE MYELITIS; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; PARALYSIS; POLIOMYELITIS; FEATURES; SURVEILLANCE AB IMPORTANCE There has been limited surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis in North America since the regional eradication of poliovirus. In 2012, the California Department of Public Health received several reports of acute flaccid paralysis cases of unknown etiology. OBJECTIVE To quantify disease incidence and identify potential etiologies of acute flaccid paralysis cases with evidence of spinal motor neuron injury. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Case series of acute flaccid paralysis in patients with radiological or neurophysiological findings suggestive of spinal motor neuron involvement reported to the California Department of Public Health with symptom onset between June 2012 and July 2015. Patients meeting diagnostic criteria for other acute flaccid paralysis etiologies were excluded. Cerebrospinal fluid, serum samples, nasopharyngeal swab specimens, and stool specimens were submitted to the state laboratory for infectious agent testing. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Case incidence and infectious agent association. RESULTS Fifty-nine cases were identified. Median age was 9 years (interquartile range [IQR], 4-14 years; 50 of the cases were younger than 21 years). Symptoms that preceded or were concurrent included respiratory or gastrointestinal illness (n = 54), fever (n = 47), and limb myalgia (n = 41). Fifty-six patients had T2 hyperintensity of spinal gray matter on magnetic resonance imaging and 43 patients had cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. During the course of the initial hospitalization, 42 patients received intravenous steroids; 43, intravenous immunoglobulin; and 13, plasma exchange; or a combination of these treatments. Among 45 patients with follow-up data, 38 had persistent weakness at a median follow-up of 9 months (IQR, 3-12 months). Two patients, both immunocompromised adults, died within 60 days of symptom onset. Enteroviruses were the most frequently detected pathogen in either nasopharynx swab specimens, stool specimens, serum samples (15 of 45 patients tested). No pathogens were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid. The incidence of reported cases was significantly higher during a national enterovirus D68 outbreak occurring from August 2014 through January 2015 (0.16 cases per 100 000 person-years) compared with other monitoring periods (0.028 cases per 100 000 person-years; P <. 001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this series of patients identified in California from June 2012 through July 2015, clinical manifestations indicated a rare but distinct syndrome of acute flaccid paralysis with evidence of spinal motor neuron involvement. The etiology remains undetermined, most patients were children and young adults, and motor weakness was prolonged. C1 [Van Haren, Keith] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Van Haren, Keith] Lucile Packard Childrens Hosp, Div Child Neurol, Stanford, CA USA. [Ayscue, Patrick] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ayscue, Patrick; Clayton, Anna; Sheriff, Heather; Yagi, Shigeo; Glenn-Finer, Rose; Padilla, Tasha; Wadford, Debra A.; Xia, Dongxiang; Harriman, Kathleen; Watt, James P.; Glaser, Carol A.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect Dis, Div Communicable Dis Control, Richmond, CA USA. [Waubant, Emmanuella; Strober, Jonathan B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA USA. [Waubant, Emmanuella; Strober, Jonathan B.; Glaser, Carol A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Benioff Childrens Hosp, San Francisco, CA USA. [Aldrovandi, Grace] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [Aldrovandi, Grace] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Chiu, Charles Y.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, Div Infect Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Chiu, Charles Y.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, San Francisco, CA USA. [Chiu, Charles Y.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Viral Diagnost & Discovery Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Van Haren, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, 750 Welch Rd,Ste 317, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM kpv@stanford.edu OI Sheriff, Heather/0000-0001-6422-0588; Chiu, Charles/0000-0003-2915-2094 FU California Department of Public Health; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Lucile Packard Foundation's McHugh/Sprague Award for Multiple Sclerosis Research; Child Neurology Foundation's Scientific Award; Race to Erase MS; National Multiple Sclerosis Society [RG4861A3/1]; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [K23NS087151, R01NS071463]; National Institutes of Health [R01 HL 105704]; University of California, San Francisco, Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center FX This study was funded by the California Department of Public Health and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The California Neurologic Surveillance and Testing Program is supported by the California Department of Public Health. Individual academic investigators received indirect support from the Lucile Packard Foundation's McHugh/Sprague Award for Multiple Sclerosis Research, the Child Neurology Foundation's Scientific Award, the Race to Erase MS, and grant RG4861A3/1 from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. This study was also suported by grants K23NS087151 and R01NS071463 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Portions of the viral sequencing efforts were funded by grant R01 HL 105704 from the National Institutes of Health and an award from the University of California, San Francisco, Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 29 PY 2015 VL 314 IS 24 BP 2663 EP 2671 DI 10.1001/jama.2015.17275 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CZ2MR UT WOS:000366939800021 PM 26720027 ER PT J AU Boore, AL Hoekstra, RM Iwamoto, M Fields, PI Bishop, RD Swerdlow, DL AF Boore, Amy L. Hoekstra, R. Michael Iwamoto, Martha Fields, Patricia I. Bishop, Richard D. Swerdlow, David L. TI Salmonella enterica Infections in the United States and Assessment of Coefficients of Variation: A Novel Approach to Identify Epidemiologic Characteristics of Individual Serotypes, 1996-2011 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REPTILE-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS; ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; INCREASING INCIDENCE; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; CONSUMPTION; CONTACT; DISEASE; EMERGENCE; JAVIANA; PRODUCE AB Background Despite control efforts, salmonellosis continues to cause an estimated 1.2 million infections in the United States (US) annually. We describe the incidence of salmonellosis in the US and introduce a novel approach to examine the epidemiologic similarities and differences of individual serotypes. Methods Cases of salmonellosis in humans reported to the laboratory-based National Salmonella Surveillance System during 1996-2011 from US states were included. Coefficients of variation were used to describe distribution of incidence rates of common Salmonella serotypes by geographic region, age group and sex of patient, and month of sample isolation. Results During 1996-2011, more than 600,000 Salmonella isolates from humans were reported, with an average annual incidence of 13.1 cases/100,000 persons. The annual reported rate of Salmonella infections did not decrease during the study period. The top five most commonly reported serotypes, Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Newport, Heidelberg, and Javiana, accounted for 62% of fully serotyped isolates. Coefficients of variation showed the most geographically concentrated serotypes were often clustered in Gulf Coast states and were also more frequently found to be increasing in incidence. Serotypes clustered in particular months, age groups, and sex were also identified and described. Conclusions Although overall incidence rates of Salmonella did not change over time, trends and epidemiological factors differed remarkably by serotype. A better understanding of Salmonella, facilitated by this comprehensive description of overall trends and unique characteristics of individual serotypes, will assist in responding to this disease and in planning and implementing prevention activities. C1 [Boore, Amy L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Sci Educ & Profess Dev Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Boore, Amy L.; Hoekstra, R. Michael; Iwamoto, Martha; Fields, Patricia I.; Bishop, Richard D.; Swerdlow, David L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boore, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Maputo, Mozambique. EM aboore@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 23 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0145416 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0145416 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ4SI UT WOS:000367092600077 PM 26701276 ER PT J AU Andrews, KG Lynch, M Eckert, E Gutman, J AF Andrews, Kathryn G. Lynch, Michael Eckert, Erin Gutman, Julie TI Missed opportunities to deliver intermittent preventive treatment for malaria to pregnant women 2003-2013: a systematic analysis of 58 household surveys in sub-Saharan Africa SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NEONATAL-MORTALITY; IPTP; METAANALYSIS; BARRIERS; COVERAGE AB Background: Despite the availability of effective preventive measures, including intermittent preventive treatment for malaria during pregnancy (IPTp), malaria continues to cause substantial disease burden among pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas. IPTp coverage remains low, despite high antenatal care (ANC) attendance. To highlight areas of potential improvement, trends in IPTp coverage were assessed over time, missed opportunities to deliver IPTp at ANC were quantified, and delivery of IPTp was compared to that of tetanus toxoid (TT). Methods: Data from 58 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2003 and 2013 in 31 sub-Saharan African countries, with relevant questions on IPTp, ANC and TT were used to assess ANC attendance, and IPTp and TT delivery. A missed opportunity for IPTp delivery is an ANC visit at which IPTp could have been delivered according to policy but was not. Results: The proportion of pregnant women who received >= 2 doses of IPTp increased in surveyed countries from nearly zero before to a median of 29.6 % (IQR 20.1-42.5 %) seven or more years after IPTp policy adoption. ANC attendance was high (median 76.6 % reported >= 3 visits); however, even seven or more years post policy adoption, a median of 72.9 % (IQR 58.4-79.5 %) ANC visits were missed opportunities to deliver IPTp. Among primigravid women, a median of 61.5 % (IQR 50.9-72.9 %) received two doses of TT; delivery of recommended TT exceeded IPTp in all but one surveyed country. Conclusions: IPTp coverage measured by household surveys is unsatisfactorily low, even many years after policy adoption. The many missed opportunities to deliver IPTp suggest that deficiencies in delivery at ANC are a significant contributing factor to the low coverage levels. High levels of TT delivery indicate capacity to deliver preventive measures at ANC. Further research is required to determine the factors driving the discrepancies between IPTp and TT coverage, and how these may be addressed to improve IPTp coverage. C1 [Andrews, Kathryn G.] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lynch, Michael; Gutman, Julie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lynch, Michael] WHO, Global Malaria Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Eckert, Erin] USAID, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC USA. RP Andrews, KG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kathryn.andrews@mail.harvard.edu; fff2@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD DEC 23 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 521 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-1033-4 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CZ5MX UT WOS:000367147800003 PM 26701641 ER PT J AU Binepal, G Agarwal, P Kaur, N Singh, B Bhagat, V Verma, RP Satyanarayana, S Oeltmann, JE Moonan, PK AF Binepal, G. Agarwal, P. Kaur, N. Singh, B. Bhagat, V. Verma, R. P. Satyanarayana, S. Oeltmann, J. E. Moonan, P. K. TI Screening difficult-to-reach populations for tuberculosis using a mobile medical unit, Punjab India SO PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; mobile; chest X-ray; India; remote populations ID UNIVERSAL ACCESS; CARE AB Background: In India, the National Health Mission has provided one mobile medical unit (MMU) per district in the state of Punjab to provide primary health care services for difficult-to-reach populations. Objectives: To determine the number of patients with presumptive tuberculosis (TB) and the number of TB cases detected and treated among patients who used the MMU services from May to December 2012 in Mohali district, Punjab, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and registers of the out-patient, laboratory, radiology, and TB departments of the MMU were reviewed to determine the number of persons presumed to have TB and the number of persons diagnosed with TB. Results: Of 8346 patients who attended the MMUs, 663 (8%) had symptoms suggestive of TB. Among those with TB symptoms, 540 (81%) were evaluated for pulmonary TB using sputum examination or chest X-ray. In total, 58 (11%) patients had clinical or laboratory evidence of pulmonary TB, of whom 21 (36%) started anti-tuberculosis treatment. Conclusion: As MMUs are an integral part of the general public health system, these units have the potential to detect TB cases among difficult-to-reach populations. Additional research is required to optimise the diagnosis of TB at MMUs and to increase rates of TB treatment initiation. C1 [Binepal, G.] Dist TB Ctr, Amritsar, Punjab, India. [Agarwal, P.] World Hlth Org Country Off India, Dept TB, New Delhi, India. [Kaur, N.; Bhagat, V.; Verma, R. P.] Civil Hosp Mohali Dist, Amritsar, Punjab, India. [Singh, B.] Directorate Hlth Serv, Amritsar, Punjab, India. [Satyanarayana, S.] Int Union TB & Lung Dis, South East Asia Reg Off, New Delhi, India. [Oeltmann, J. E.; Moonan, P. K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moonan, PK (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pmoonan@cdc.gov FU World Health Organization [001] NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 2220-8372 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION JI PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PD DEC 21 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 BP 241 EP 245 DI 10.5588/pha.15.0042 PG 5 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA DL2GP UT WOS:000375451900009 PM 26767177 ER PT J AU Martin, DL Wiegand, R Goodhew, B Lammie, P Black, CM West, S Gaydos, CA Dize, L Mkocha, H Kasubi, M Gambhir, M AF Martin, Diana L. Wiegand, Ryan Goodhew, Brook Lammie, Patrick Black, Carolyn M. West, Sheila Gaydos, Charlotte A. Dize, Laura Mkocha, Harran Kasubi, Mabula Gambhir, Manoj TI Serological Measures of Trachoma Transmission Intensity SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; INFECTION; AMPLIFICATION; PROGRAMS; SAMPLES AB Ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis can lead to trachoma, a leading infectious cause of blindness. Trachoma is targeted for elimination by 2020. Clinical grading for ocular disease is currently used for evaluating trachoma elimination programs, but serological surveillance can be a sensitive measure of disease transmission and provide a more objective testing strategy than clinical grading. We calculated the basic reproduction number from serological data in settings with high, medium, and low disease transmission based on clinical disease. The data showed a striking relationship between age seroprevalence and clinical data, demonstrating the proof-of-principle that age seroprevalence predicts transmission rates and therefore could be used as an indicator of decreased transmission of ocular trachoma. C1 [Martin, Diana L.; Wiegand, Ryan; Goodhew, Brook; Lammie, Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Black, Carolyn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging Zoonot & Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [West, Sheila] Johns Hopkins Univ, Wilmer Eye Inst, Baltimore, MD 21055 USA. [Gaydos, Charlotte A.; Dize, Laura] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Sexually Transmitted Infect Res Lab, Baltimore, MD 21055 USA. [Mkocha, Harran] Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania. [Kasubi, Mabula] Muhimbili Univ, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Gambhir, Manoj] Monash Univ, Epidemiol Modelling Unit, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. RP Martin, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM hzx3@cdc.gov FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This work was supported by funding through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 21 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 18532 DI 10.1038/srep18532 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ4KE UT WOS:000367071100001 PM 26687891 ER PT J AU Desai, M Gutman, J L'lanziva, A Otieno, K Juma, E Kariuki, S Ouma, P Were, V Laserson, K Katana, A Williamson, J ter Kuile, FO AF Desai, Meghna Gutman, Julie L'lanziva, Anne Otieno, Kephas Juma, Elizabeth Kariuki, Simon Ouma, Peter Were, Vincent Laserson, Kayla Katana, Abraham Williamson, John ter Kuile, Feiko O. TI Intermittent screening and treatment or intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the control of malaria during pregnancy in western Kenya: an open-label, three-group, randomised controlled superiority trial SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; WOMEN; AZITHROMYCIN; COMBINATION; RISK; METAANALYSIS; INFECTIONS; MEFLOQUINE AB Background Every year, more than 32 million pregnancies in sub-Saharan Africa are at risk of malaria infection and its adverse consequences. The effectiveness of the intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine strategy recommended by WHO is threatened by high levels of parasite resistance. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of two alternative strategies: intermittent screening with malaria rapid diagnostic tests and treatment of women who test positive with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, and intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. Methods We did this open-label, three-group, randomised controlled superiority trial at four sites in western Kenya with high malaria transmission and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance. HIV-negative pregnant women between 16 and 32 weeks' gestation were randomly assigned (1: 1: 1), via computer-generated permuted-block randomisation (block sizes of three, six, and nine), to receive intermittent screening and treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, or intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Study participants, study clinic nurses, and the study coordinator were aware of treatment allocation, but allocation was concealed from study investigators, delivery unit nurses, and laboratory staff. The primary outcome was malaria infection at delivery, defined as a composite of peripheral or placental parasitaemia detected by placental histology, microscopy, or rapid diagnostic test. The primary analysis was by modified intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01669941. Findings Between Aug 21, 2012, and June 19, 2014, we randomly assigned 1546 women to receive intermittent screening and treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (n=515), intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (n=516), or intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (n=515); 1368 (88%) women comprised the intention-to-treat population for the primary endpoint. Prevalence of malaria infection at delivery was lower in the intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine group than in the intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine group (15 [3%] of 457 women vs 47 [10%] of 459 women; relative risk 0.32, 95% CI 0.18-0.56; p<0.0001), but not in the intermittent screening and treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine group (57 [13%] of 452 women; 1.23, 0.86-1.77; p=0.26). Compared with intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine was associated with a lower incidence of malaria infection during pregnancy (192.0 vs 54.4 events per 100 person-years; incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.28, 95% CI 0.22-0.36; p<0.0001) and clinical malaria during pregnancy (37.9 vs 6.1 events; 0.16, 0.08-0.33; p<0.0001), whereas intermittent screening and treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine was associated with a higher incidence of malaria infection (232.0 events; 1.21, 1.03-1.41; p=0.0177) and clinical malaria (53.4 events; 1.41, 1.00-1.98; p=0.0475). We recorded 303 maternal and infant serious adverse events, which were least frequent in the intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine group. Interpretation At current levels of rapid diagnostic test sensitivity, intermittent screening and treatment is not a suitable alternative to intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the context of high sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance and malaria transmission. However, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is a promising alternative drug to replace sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment. Future studies should investigate the efficacy, safety, operational feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. C1 [Desai, Meghna; Gutman, Julie; Laserson, Kayla] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Desai, Meghna; L'lanziva, Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. [Katana, Abraham] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. [Otieno, Kephas; Juma, Elizabeth; Kariuki, Simon; Ouma, Peter; Were, Vincent] Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. [ter Kuile, Feiko O.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. RP Desai, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mdesai@cdc.gov FU Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium - Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This study is funded by the Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium, which is funded through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM). The study drug dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (Eurartesim) was provided free of charge by the manufacturer (Sigma Tau, Rome, Italy). We thank all the pregnant women who participated in this study. We also thank the study staff members (research nurses: Mary Owidhi, Rodgers Kongina, Epines Chanvangi, Caroline Marlene Achieng, Patience Dali; data management: Benjamin Odera, Linda Odeck, and Alloys Koloo; laboratory technicians: Mary Omwalo, Esther Odongo, Winnie Chebore, Malaki Ogalo; quality assurance: Sophie Omondi; and administration: Edna Otieno); the Siaya County Health Management team for their assistance and support in the conduct of this work within their health facilities; the KEMRI-CDC clinical monitoring department (Emily Kemunto, Emmanuel Rono, and Elizabeth Ayuo); Carl Henry from the clinical monitoring department at LSTM; Martina Oneko for being the local safety monitor for the trial; members of the data safety monitoring committee: Kevin Ault (Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA), Jennita Reefhuis (CDC National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, GA, USA), Davidson Hamer (Boston University School of Public Health and Medicine, Boston, MA, USA), Kathleen Wannemuehler (CDC Center for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA) for their expertise and voluntary independent review of the safety data, protocol, and statistical analysis plan; and the following independent members of our Trial Steering Committee for their expertise and guidance: Laurence Slutsker (CDC Center for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA), David Schellenberg (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK), Tom Williams (Imperial College, London, UK). This manuscript has been approved by the Director of KEMRI. The findings and conclusions of this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 19 PY 2015 VL 386 IS 10012 BP 2507 EP 2519 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00310-4 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CZ1LD UT WOS:000366866400025 PM 26429700 ER PT J AU Henley, SJ Singh, SD King, J Wilson, RJ O'Neil, ME Ryerson, AB AF Henley, S. Jane Singh, Simple D. King, Jessica Wilson, Reda J. O'Neil, Mary Elizabeth Ryerson, A. Blythe TI Invasive Cancer Incidence and Survival - United States, 2012 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Henley, S. Jane; Singh, Simple D.; King, Jessica; Wilson, Reda J.; O'Neil, Mary Elizabeth; Ryerson, A. Blythe] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Henley, SJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM shenley@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 49 BP 1353 EP 1358 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA4JK UT WOS:000367766000001 PM 26678069 ER PT J AU Sinclair, JR Wallace, RM Gruszynski, K Freeman, MB Campbell, C Semple, S Innes, K Slayinski, S Palumbo, G Bair-Brake, H Orciari, L Condori, RE Langer, A Carroll, DS Murphy, J AF Sinclair, Julie R. Wallace, Ryan M. Gruszynski, Karen Freeman, Marilyn Bibbs Campbell, Colin Semple, Shereen Innes, Kristin Slayinski, Sally Palumbo, Gabriel Bair-Brake, Heather Orciari, Lillian Condori, Rene E. Langer, Adam Carroll, Darin S. Murphy, Julia TI Rabies in a Dog Imported from Egypt with a Falsified Rabies Vaccination Certificate - Virginia, 2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Sinclair, Julie R.; Palumbo, Gabriel; Bair-Brake, Heather; Langer, Adam] Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wallace, Ryan M.; Orciari, Lillian; Condori, Rene E.; Carroll, Darin S.] Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gruszynski, Karen; Murphy, Julia] Virginia Dept Hlth, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Freeman, Marilyn Bibbs] Virginia Dept Gen Serv, Div Consolidated Lab Serv, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Campbell, Colin; Semple, Shereen; Innes, Kristin] New Jersey Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ USA. [Slayinski, Sally] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. RP Sinclair, JR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Julia.Murphy@vdh.virginia.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 49 BP 1359 EP 1362 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA4JK UT WOS:000367766000002 PM 26678293 ER PT J AU Taylor, L Greeley, R Dinitz-Sklar, J Mazur, N Swanson, J Wolicki, J Perz, J Tan, C Montana, B AF Taylor, Laura Greeley, Rebecca Dinitz-Sklar, Jill Mazur, Nicole Swanson, Jill Wolicki, JoEllen Perz, Joseph Tan, Christina Montana, Barbara TI Injection Safety and Vaccine Administration Errors at an Employee Influenza Vaccination Clinic - New Jersey, 2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Taylor, Laura; Greeley, Rebecca; Dinitz-Sklar, Jill; Mazur, Nicole; Tan, Christina; Montana, Barbara] New Jersey Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis Serv, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Swanson, Jill] West Windsor Hlth Dept, West Windsor, NJ USA. [Wolicki, JoEllen] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, CDC, Trenton, NJ USA. [Perz, Joseph] Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual & Promot, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Taylor, L (reprint author), New Jersey Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis Serv, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. EM laura.taylor@doh.state.nj.us NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 49 BP 1363 EP 1364 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA4JK UT WOS:000367766000003 PM 26678414 ER PT J AU Koirala, S Leinenkugel, K AF Koirala, Samir Leinenkugel, Kathy TI Acute Mercury Poisoning After Home Gold and Silver Smelting - Iowa, 2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Koirala, Samir] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Sci Educ & Profess Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Leinenkugel, Kathy] Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. RP Koirala, S (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Sci Educ & Profess Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SKoirala@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 49 BP 1365 EP 1366 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA4JK UT WOS:000367766000004 PM 26678598 ER PT J AU Ingram, DD AF Ingram, Deborah D. TI QuickStats: Percentage of US Adults Who Looked up Health Information on the Internet in the Past Year, by Type of Locality - National Health Interview Survey, 2012-2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ingram, Deborah D.] US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ingram, DD (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ddingram@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 49 BP 1367 EP 1367 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA4JK UT WOS:000367766000005 ER PT J AU Forbi, JC Layden, JE Phillips, RO Mora, N Xia, GL Campo, DS Purdy, MA Dimitrova, ZE Owusu, DO Punkova, LT Skums, P Owusu-Ofori, S Sarfo, FS Vaughan, G Roh, H Opare-Sem, OK Cooper, RS Khudyakov, YE AF Forbi, Joseph C. Layden, Jennifer E. Phillips, Richard O. Mora, Nallely Xia, Guo-liang Campo, David S. Purdy, Michael A. Dimitrova, Zoya E. Owusu, Dorcas O. Punkova, Lili T. Skums, Pavel Owusu-Ofori, Shirley Sarfo, Fred Stephen Vaughan, Gilberto Roh, Hajung Opare-Sem, Ohene K. Cooper, Richard S. Khudyakov, Yury E. TI Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Frequent Opportunities for Exposure to Hepatitis C Virus in Ghana SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WEST-AFRICA; BLOOD-DONORS; HCV INFECTION; IN-VIVO; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIVERSITY; GENOTYPE; EFFICACY; PREVALENCE AB Globally, hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is responsible for a large proportion of persons with liver disease, including cancer. The infection is highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. West Africa was identified as a geographic origin of two HCV genotypes. However, little is known about the genetic composition of HCV populations in many countries of the region. Using conventional and next-generation sequencing (NGS), we identified and genetically characterized 65 HCV strains circulating among HCV-positive blood donors in Kumasi, Ghana. Phylogenetic analysis using consensus sequences derived from 3 genomic regions of the HCV genome, 5'-untranslated region, hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) and NS5B gene, consistently classified the HCV variants (n = 65) into genotypes 1 (HCV-1, 15%) and genotype 2 (HCV-2, 85%). The Ghanaian and West African HCV-2 NS5B sequences were found completely intermixed in the phylogenetic tree, indicating a substantial genetic heterogeneity of HCV-2 in Ghana. Analysis of HVR1 sequences from intra-host HCV variants obtained by NGS showed that three donors were infected with >1 HCV strain, including infections with 2 genotypes. Two other donors share an HCV strain, indicating HCV transmission between them. The HCV-2 strain sampled from one donor was replaced with another HCV-2 strain after only 2 months of observation, indicating rapid strain switching. Bayesian analysis estimated that the HCV-2 strains in Ghana were expanding since the 16th century. The blood donors in Kumasi, Ghana, are infected with a very heterogeneous HCV population of HCV-1 and HCV-2, with HCV-2 being prevalent. The detection of three cases of co- or super-infections and transmission linkage between 2 cases suggests frequent opportunities for HCV exposure among the blood donors and is consistent with the reported high HCV prevalence. The conditions for effective HCV-2 transmission existed for similar to 3-4 centuries, indicating a long epidemic history of HCV-2 in Ghana. C1 [Forbi, Joseph C.; Xia, Guo-liang; Campo, David S.; Purdy, Michael A.; Dimitrova, Zoya E.; Punkova, Lili T.; Skums, Pavel; Vaughan, Gilberto; Roh, Hajung; Khudyakov, Yury E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Epidemiol & Bioinformat Lab, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Layden, Jennifer E.; Mora, Nallely; Cooper, Richard S.] Loyola Univ Chicago, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Maywood, IL USA. [Layden, Jennifer E.] Loyola Univ Chicago, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Med, Maywood, IL USA. [Phillips, Richard O.; Owusu, Dorcas O.; Owusu-Ofori, Shirley; Sarfo, Fred Stephen; Opare-Sem, Ohene K.] Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Kumasi, Ghana. [Phillips, Richard O.; Sarfo, Fred Stephen] Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Kumasi, Ghana. RP Forbi, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Epidemiol & Bioinformat Lab, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JForbi@cdc.gov RI Roh, Ha-Jung/N-1365-2016 OI Roh, Ha-Jung/0000-0003-1523-6844 FU Loyola University, Chicago, USA; Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, CDC, Atlanta, USA FX Internal funding was provided to JEL by Loyola University, Chicago, USA. This work was supported by the Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, CDC, Atlanta, USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0145530 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0145530 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY9KM UT WOS:000366725800080 PM 26683463 ER PT J AU Shen, RZ Achenbach, J Shen, Y Palaia, J Rahkola, JT Nick, HJ Smythies, LE McConnell, M Fowler, MG Smith, PD Janoff, EN AF Shen, Ruizhong Achenbach, Jenna Shen, Yue Palaia, Jana Rahkola, Jeremy T. Nick, Heidi J. Smythies, Lesley E. McConnell, Michelle Fowler, Mary G. Smith, Phillip D. Janoff, Edward N. TI Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission Events Are Differentially Impacted by Breast Milk and Its Components from HIV-1-Infected Women SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CELL-ASSOCIATED HIV-1; TYPE-1 TRANSCYTOSIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; SECRETORY IGA; POSITIVE MOTHERS; FED INFANTS; R5 HIV-1; INFECTION AB Breast milk is a vehicle of infection and source of protection in post-natal mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission (MTCT). Understanding the mechanism by which breast milk limits vertical transmission will provide critical insight into the design of preventive and therapeutic approaches to interrupt HIV-1 mucosal transmission. However, characterization of the inhibitory activity of breast milk in human intestinal mucosa, the portal of entry in postnatal MTCT, has been constrained by the limited availability of primary mucosal target cells and tissues to recapitulate mucosal transmission ex vivo. Here, we characterized the impact of skimmed breast milk, breast milk antibodies (Igs) and non-Ig components from HIV-1-infected Ugandan women on the major events of HIV-1 mucosal transmission using primary human intestinal cells and tissues. HIV-1-specific IgG antibodies and non-Ig components in breast milk inhibited the uptake of Ugandan HIV-1 isolates by primary human intestinal epithelial cells, viral replication in and transport of HIV-1-bearing dendritic cells through the human intestinal mucosa. Breast milk HIV-1-specific IgG and IgA, as well as innate factors, blocked the uptake and transport of HIV-1 through intestinal mucosa. Thus, breast milk components have distinct and complementary effects in reducing HIV-1 uptake, transport through and replication in the intestinal mucosa and, therefore, likely contribute to preventing postnatal HIV-1 transmission. Our data suggests that a successful preventive or therapeutic approach would require multiple immune factors acting at multiple steps in the HIV-1 mucosal transmission process. C1 [Shen, Ruizhong; Nick, Heidi J.; Smythies, Lesley E.; Smith, Phillip D.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Achenbach, Jenna; Palaia, Jana; Rahkola, Jeremy T.; Janoff, Edward N.] Univ Colorado Denver, Mucosal & Vaccine Res Program Colorado MAVRC, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Shen, Yue] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Rahkola, Jeremy T.; Janoff, Edward N.] Denver Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [McConnell, Michelle] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fowler, Mary G.] Makerere Univ Johns Hopkins Univ Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda. [Smith, Phillip D.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Janoff, EN (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Mucosal & Vaccine Res Program Colorado MAVRC, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM rshen@uab.edu; Edward.Janoff@ucdenver.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AI093151, AI106395, AI083127, DK064400, AI41361, HD059527, AI083615]; UAB Center for AIDS Research (CFAR); Comprehensive Cancer Center Pilot Grant Program; amfAR; Foundation for AIDS Research [108015-49-RGRL]; Elisabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundations [MV-00-9-900-01432-0-00]; Research Service of the Veterans Administration FX National Institutes of Health grants AI093151 and AI106395 (RS), AI083127 and DK064400 (PDS), AI41361, HD059527 and AI083615 (ENJ); UAB Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) and Comprehensive Cancer Center Pilot Grant Program (RS); amfAR, the Foundation for AIDS Research 108015-49-RGRL (PDS); the Elisabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundations MV-00-9-900-01432-0-00 (ENJ); and the Research Service of the Veterans Administration (PDS and ENJ). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0145150 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0145150 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY9JO UT WOS:000366723400051 PM 26680219 ER PT J AU Olack, B Wabwire-Mangen, F Smeeth, L Montgomery, JM Kiwanuka, N Breiman, RF AF Olack, Beatrice Wabwire-Mangen, Fred Smeeth, Liam Montgomery, Joel M. Kiwanuka, Noah Breiman, Robert F. TI Risk factors of hypertension among adults aged 35-64 years living in an urban slum Nairobi, Kenya SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Hypertension; Risk factors; Urbanization; Obesity; Cardiovascular diseases ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; PREVALENCE; AWARENESS; OBESITY; AFRICA; OVERWEIGHT; WOMEN; POOR AB Background: Hypertension is an emerging public health problem in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) and urbanization is considered to favor its emergence. Given a paucity of information on hypertension and associated risk factors among urban slum dwellers in SSA, we aimed to characterize the distribution of risk factors for hypertension and investigate their association with hypertension in an urban slum in Kenya. Methods: We conducted a community based cross-sectional survey among adults 35 years and older living in Kibera slum Nairobi, Kenya. Trained interviewers collected data on socio demographic characteristics and self reported health behaviours using modified World Health Organization stepwise surveillance questionnaire for chronic disease risk factors. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed following standard procedures. Multiple logistic regression was used for analysis and odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were calculated to identify risk factors associated with hypertension. Result: A total of 1528 adults were surveyed with a mean age of 46.7 years. The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was 29.4 % (95 % CI 27.0-31.7). Among the 418 participants classified as hypertensive, over one third (39.0 %) were unaware they had hypertension. Prevalence of current smoking and alcohol consumption was 8.5 and 13.1 % respectively. Over one quarter 26.2 % participants were classified as overweight (Body Mass Index [BMI] >= 25 to <= 29.9 kg/m(2)), and 17 % classified as obese (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)). Overweight, obesity, current smoking, some level of education, highest wealth index, moderate physical activity, older age and being widowed were each independently associated with hypertension. When fit in a multivariable logistic regression model, being a widow [AOR = 1.7; (95 % CI, 1.1-2.6)], belonging to the highest wealth index [AOR = 1.6; (95 % CI, 1.1-2.5)], obesity [AOR = 1.8; 95 % CI, 1.1-3.1)] and moderate physical activity [AOR = 1.9; (95 % CI, 1.2-3.0)], all remained significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: Hypertension in the slum is a public health problem affecting at least one in three adults aged 35-64 years. Age, marital status, wealth index, physical inactivity and body mass index are important risk factors associated with hypertension. Prevention measures targeting the modifiable risk factors associated with hypertension are warranted to curb hypertension and its progressive effects. C1 [Olack, Beatrice; Wabwire-Mangen, Fred; Kiwanuka, Noah] Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Montgomery, Joel M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Hlth Protect, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Smeeth, Liam] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Breiman, Robert F.] Emory Univ, Emory Global Hlth Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Olack, Beatrice] Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Kampala, Uganda. RP Olack, B (reprint author), Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. EM olackb@gmail.com FU Training Health Researchers into Vocational Excellence (THRiVE) in East Africa; Wellcome Trust [087540] FX We are grateful to the study participants in Kibera for their willingness to participate in the survey. The KEMRI/CDC International Emerging Infections Program (IEIP) is duly acknowledged for the platform on which this work was accomplished. This study was funded by a grant from Training Health Researchers into Vocational Excellence (THRiVE) in East Africa, Grant number 087540, funded by Wellcome Trust. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 1251 DI 10.1186/s12889-015-2610-8 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY6XS UT WOS:000366552700005 PM 26679701 ER PT J AU Mate, SE Kugelman, JR Nyenswah, TG Ladner, JT Wiley, MR Cordier-Lassalle, T Christie, A Schroth, GP Gross, SM Davies-Wayne, GJ Shinde, SA Murugan, R Sieh, SB Badio, M Fakoli, L Taweh, F de Wit, E van Doremalen, N Munster, VJ Pettitt, J Prieto, K Humrighouse, BW Stroher, U DiClaro, JW Hensley, LE Schoepp, RJ Safronetz, D Fair, J Kuhn, JH Blackley, DJ Laney, AS Williams, DE Lo, T Gasasira, A Nichol, ST Formenty, P Kateh, FN De Cock, KM Bolay, F Sanchez-Lockhart, M Palacios, G AF Mate, S. E. Kugelman, J. R. Nyenswah, T. G. Ladner, J. T. Wiley, M. R. Cordier-Lassalle, T. Christie, A. Schroth, G. P. Gross, S. M. Davies-Wayne, G. J. Shinde, S. A. Murugan, R. Sieh, S. B. Badio, M. Fakoli, L. Taweh, F. de Wit, E. van Doremalen, N. Munster, V. J. Pettitt, J. Prieto, K. Humrighouse, B. W. Stroeher, U. DiClaro, J. W. Hensley, L. E. Schoepp, R. J. Safronetz, D. Fair, J. Kuhn, J. H. Blackley, D. J. Laney, A. S. Williams, D. E. Lo, T. Gasasira, A. Nichol, S. T. Formenty, P. Kateh, F. N. De Cock, K. M. Bolay, F. Sanchez-Lockhart, M. Palacios, G. TI Molecular Evidence of Sexual Transmission of Ebola Virus SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-LEONE; OUTBREAK; LIBERIA; CONGO; PERSISTENCE; EVOLUTION; DISEASE; KIKWIT; GUINEA AB A suspected case of sexual transmission from a male survivor of Ebola virus disease (EVD) to his female partner (the patient in this report) occurred in Liberia in March 2015. Ebola virus (EBOV) genomes assembled from blood samples from the patient and a semen sample from the survivor were consistent with direct transmission. The genomes shared three substitutions that were absent from all other Western African EBOV sequences and that were distinct from the last documented transmission chain in Liberia before this case. Combined with epidemiologic data, the genomic analysis provides evidence of sexual transmission of EBOV and evidence of the persistence of infective EBOV in semen for 179 days or more after the onset of EVD. C1 [Mate, S. E.; Kugelman, J. R.; Ladner, J. T.; Wiley, M. R.; Prieto, K.; Sanchez-Lockhart, M.; Palacios, G.] US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ctr Genome Sci, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Schoepp, R. J.] US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Pettitt, J.; Hensley, L. E.; Kuhn, J. H.] NIAID, Div Clin Res, Integrated Res Facil Ft Detrick, NIH, Frederick, MD USA. [Nyenswah, T. G.; Sieh, S. B.; Badio, M.; Kateh, F. N.] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Monrovia, Liberia. [Davies-Wayne, G. J.; Murugan, R.] WHO, Monrovia, Liberia. [Fakoli, L.; Taweh, F.; Bolay, F.] Liberian Inst Biomed Res, Charlesville, Liberia. [Cordier-Lassalle, T.; Christie, A.; Formenty, P.] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Christie, A.; Humrighouse, B. W.; Stroeher, U.; Blackley, D. J.; Laney, A. S.; Williams, D. E.; Lo, T.; Nichol, S. T.; De Cock, K. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schroth, G. P.; Gross, S. M.] Illumina, San Diego, CA USA. [Shinde, S. A.] WHO, New Delhi, India. [de Wit, E.; van Doremalen, N.; Munster, V. J.; Safronetz, D.] NIAID, Rocky Mt Lab, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. [DiClaro, J. W.] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Fair, J.] Fdn Merieux, Washington, DC USA. RP Palacios, G (reprint author), US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St,Rm 622, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM gustavo.f.palacios.ctr@us.army.mil RI Palacios, Gustavo/I-7773-2015; OI Palacios, Gustavo/0000-0001-5062-1938; de Wit, Emmie/0000-0002-9763-7758; Munster, Vincent/0000-0002-2288-3196 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX Funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and others. NR 22 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 36 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 373 IS 25 BP 2448 EP 2454 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa1509773 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CY5QD UT WOS:000366461400011 PM 26465384 ER PT J AU Epstein, L Wong, KK Kallen, AJ Uyeki, TM AF Epstein, Lauren Wong, Karen K. Kallen, Alexander J. Uyeki, Timothy M. TI Post-Ebola Signs and Symptoms in US Survivors SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID VIRUS C1 [Epstein, Lauren; Wong, Karen K.; Kallen, Alexander J.; Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Epstein, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM xdd0@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 373 IS 25 BP 2484 EP 2486 DI 10.1056/NEJMc1506576 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CY5QD UT WOS:000366461400039 PM 26672870 ER PT J AU Kang, G Tate, JE Parashar, UD AF Kang, Gagandeep Tate, Jacqueline E. Parashar, Umesh D. TI Evaluation of rotavirus disease burden and vaccine effectiveness in India SO VACCINE LA English DT Letter DE Rotavirus; Vaccine; India; Burden ID EFFICACY; IMPACT C1 [Kang, Gagandeep] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. [Tate, Jacqueline E.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kang, G (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 51 BP 7143 EP 7143 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.092 PG 1 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0FD UT WOS:000366779600003 PM 26675194 ER PT J AU Cao, WP Mishina, M Ranjan, P De La Cruz, JA Kim, JH Garten, R Kumar, A Garcia-Sastre, A Katz, JM Gangappa, S Sambhara, S AF Cao, Weiping Mishina, Margarita Ranjan, Priya De La Cruz, Juan A. Kim, Jin Hyang Garten, Rebecca Kumar, Amrita Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Katz, Jacqueline M. Gangappa, Shivaprakash Sambhara, Suryaprakash TI A Newly Emerged Swine-Origin Influenza A(H3N2) Variant Dampens Host Antiviral Immunity but Induces Potent Inflammasome Activation SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE A(H3N2)vpM; myeloid dendritic cell; proinflammatory cytokines; type I IFN; ROS; inflammasome activation ID DENDRITIC CELLS; VIRUS INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGENESIS; MONOCYTES; SYSTEM AB We compared the innate immune response to a newly emerged swine-origin influenza A(H3N2) variant containing the M gene from 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1), termed "A(H3N2)vpM," to the immune responses to the 2010 swine-origin influenza A(H3N2) variant and seasonal influenza A(H3N2). Our results demonstrated that A(H3N2) vpM-induced myeloid dendritic cells secreted significantly lower levels of type I interferon (IFN) but produced significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and induced potent inflammasome activation. The reduction in antiviral immunity with increased inflammatory responses upon A (H3N2) vpM infection suggest that these viruses have the potential for increased disease severity in susceptible hosts. C1 [Cao, Weiping; Ranjan, Priya; Kim, Jin Hyang; Kumar, Amrita; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Gangappa, Shivaprakash; Sambhara, Suryaprakash] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mishina, Margarita; De La Cruz, Juan A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. [Garten, Rebecca] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Virol Surveillance & Diag Branch, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Global Hlth & Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Cao, WP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM wcao@cdc.gov OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU Influenza Division, CDC FX This work was supported by the Influenza Division, CDC. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 212 IS 12 BP 1923 EP 1929 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiv330 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA DB7CH UT WOS:000368671500010 PM 26068782 ER PT J AU Ganova-Raeva, L Punkova, L Campo, DS Dimitrova, Z Skums, P Vu, NH Dat, DT Dalton, HR Khudyakov, Y AF Ganova-Raeva, Lilia Punkova, Lili Campo, David S. Dimitrova, Zoya Skums, Pavel Vu, Nga H. Dat, Do. T. Dalton, Harry R. Khudyakov, Yury TI Cryptic Hepatitis B and E in Patients With Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE liver diseases; next generation sequencing; shotgun library; hepatitis of unknown etiology ID VIRUS GENOTYPE-G; ACUTE NON-A; CARRYING HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; TRANSAMINASE LEVELS; NATURAL-HISTORY; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; INFECTION; OCCULT; DNA; COINFECTION AB Background. Up to 30% of acute viral hepatitis has no known etiology. To determine the disease etiology in patients with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (HUE), serum specimens were obtained from 38 patients residing in the United Kingdom and Vietnam and from 26 healthy US blood donors. All specimens tested negative for known viral infections causing hepatitis, using commercially available serological and nucleic acid assays. Methods. Specimens were processed by sequence-independent complementary DNA amplification and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Sufficient material for individual NGS libraries was obtained from 12 HUE cases and 26 blood donors; the remaining HUE cases were sequenced as a pool. Read mapping was done by targeted and de novo assembly. Results. Sequences from hepatitis B virus (HBV) were detected in 7 individuals with HUE (58.3%) and the pooled library, and hepatitis E virus (HEV) was detected in 2 individuals with HUE (16.7%) and the pooled library. Both HEV-positive cases were coinfected with HBV. HBV sequences belonged to genotypes A, D, or G, and HEV sequences belonged to genotype 3. No known hepatotropic viruses were detected in the tested normal human sera. Conclusions. NGS-based detection of HBV and HEV infections is more sensitive than using commercially available assays. HBV and HEV may be cryptically associated with HUE. C1 [Ganova-Raeva, Lilia; Punkova, Lili; Campo, David S.; Dimitrova, Zoya; Skums, Pavel; Khudyakov, Yury] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vu, Nga H.; Dat, Do. T.] Vabiotech, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Dalton, Harry R.] Royal Cornwall Hosp Trust, Cornwall Gastrointestinal Unit, Truro, England. [Dalton, Harry R.] Univ Exeter, European Ctr Environm & Human Hlth, Sch Med, Truro, England. RP Ganova-Raeva, L (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-33, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM lkg7@cdc.gov FU US government FX This work was supported by the US government. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 212 IS 12 BP 1962 EP 1969 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiv315 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA DB7CH UT WOS:000368671500015 PM 26155829 ER PT J AU Dunne, EF Naleway, A Smith, N Crane, B Weinmann, S Braxton, J Steinau, M Unger, ER Markowitz, LE AF Dunne, Eileen F. Naleway, Allison Smith, Ning Crane, Bradley Weinmann, Sheila Braxton, Jim Steinau, Martin Unger, Elizabeth R. Markowitz, Lauri E. TI Reduction in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Type Prevalence Among Young Women Screened for Cervical Cancer in an Integrated US Healthcare Delivery System in 2007 and 2012-2013 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE impact; HPV; HPV type prevalence; vaccine ID UNITED-STATES; HPV VACCINE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; IMMUNIZATION; IMPACT AB Background. In the United States, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for 11- or 12-year-olds, and for young adults not previously vaccinated. Early vaccine impact can be measured by reductions in vaccine-type (VT) HPV prevalence. Methods. Consecutive residual cervical specimens were retained from women aged 20-29 years at Kaiser Permanente Northwest in 2007, 2012, and 2013. HPV genotypes were determined using L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction with type-specific hybridization to detect 37 types, including VT HPV (HPV type 6, 11, 16, and 18). We compared HPV prevalence in 2007 and 2012-2013, and we evaluated predictors of VT HPV and any-HPV prevalence in 2012-2013. Results. In 2012-2013, 31.9% of 4181 women had initiated HPV vaccination. VT HPV prevalence decreased from 10.6% in 2007 to 6.2% in 2012-2013 (P < .001). In 2012-2013, VT HPV prevalence was significantly lower among those who initiated vaccination < 19 years (adjusted prevalence ratio, 0.1; 95% confidence interval, .1-.3) than among those who were not vaccinated, and higher among those who had chlamydia, human immunodeficiency virus, or pregnancy testing in the past year than among those who did not (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.8). Conclusions. Reduction in VT HPV was found in young women in an integrated healthcare delivery system within 6 years of vaccine introduction, indicating early HPV vaccine impact. C1 [Dunne, Eileen F.; Braxton, Jim; Markowitz, Lauri E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Steinau, Martin; Unger, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Naleway, Allison; Smith, Ning; Crane, Bradley; Weinmann, Sheila] Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. RP Dunne, EF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, HIV Box 68, APO, AP 96546 USA. EM dde9@cdc.gov FU Division of STD Prevention, CDC FX The project was supported by funds from the Division of STD Prevention, CDC. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 212 IS 12 BP 1970 EP 1975 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiv342 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA DB7CH UT WOS:000368671500016 PM 26123561 ER PT J AU Dobard, CW Taylor, A Sharma, S Anderson, PL Bushman, LR Chuong, D Pau, CP Hanson, D Wang, L Garcia-Lerma, JG McGowan, I Rohan, L Heneine, W AF Dobard, Charles W. Taylor, Andrew Sharma, Sunita Anderson, Peter L. Bushman, Lane R. Dinh Chuong Pau, Chou-Pong Hanson, Debra Wang, Lin Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo McGowan, Ian Rohan, Lisa Heneine, Walid TI Protection Against Rectal Chimeric Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission in Macaques by Rectal-Specific Gel Formulations of Maraviroc and Tenofovir SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; rectal microbicides; maraviroc; tenofovir; macaque model; repeat-challenge ID HIV-INFECTION; ANAL INTERCOURSE; RHESUS MACAQUES; UNITED-STATES; SAFETY; MEN; ACCEPTABILITY; MICROBICIDES; PREVENTION; EFFICACY AB Background. Rectal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is an important driver of the HIV epidemic. Optimally formulated gels of antiretroviral drugs are under development for preventing rectally acquired HIV. We investigated in a macaque model the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of 3 rectal gel formulations Methods. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of low-osmolar 1% maraviroc (MVC), 1% tenofovir (TFV), or 1% MVC/1% TFV combination gel were evaluated in blood, rectal fluids, colorectal biopsy specimens, and rectal lymphocytes. Efficacy was evaluated over 10 twice-weekly rectal SHIV162p3 challenges in rhesus macaques that received either placebo (n = 7), MVC (n = 6), TFV (n = 6), or MVC/TFV (n = 6) gel 30 minutes before each challenge. Results. MVC and TFV were detected in plasma 30 minutes after gel application and remained above 95% inhibitory concentrations in rectal fluids at 24 hours. MVC, TFV, and TFV diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations in colorectal tissues collected up to 30 cm from the anal margin were all high at 2 hours, demonstrating rapid and extended tissue dosing. TFV-DP concentrations in tissue homogenates and rectal lymphocytes were highly correlated (r(2) = 0.82). All 3 gel formulations were highly protective (82% efficacy; P <= .02 by the log-rank test). Conclusions. Desirable pharmacokinetic profiles and high efficacy in this macaque model support the clinical development of these gel formulations for preventing rectal HIV infection. C1 [Dobard, Charles W.; Sharma, Sunita; Dinh Chuong; Pau, Chou-Pong; Hanson, Debra; Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo; Heneine, Walid] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Taylor, Andrew] Total Solut, Madison, AL USA. [Anderson, Peter L.; Bushman, Lane R.] Univ Colorado, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Aurora, CO USA. [Wang, Lin; McGowan, Ian; Rohan, Lisa] Univ Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Res Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Dobard, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdobard@cdc.gov FU CDC [Y1-AI-0681-02]; National Institute of Health [Y1-AI-0681-02] FX This work was supported by an interagency agreement (Y1-AI-0681-02) between CDC and National Institute of Health. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 212 IS 12 BP 1988 EP 1995 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiv334 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA DB7CH UT WOS:000368671500018 PM 26071566 ER PT J AU Howard, DH Richards, TB Bach, PB Kegler, MC Berg, CJ AF Howard, David H. Richards, Thomas B. Bach, Peter B. Kegler, Michelle C. Berg, Carla J. TI Comorbidities, Smoking Status, and Life Expectancy Among Individuals Eligible for Lung Cancer Screening SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE comorbidity; early detection of cancer; life expectancy; lung neoplasms; population characteristics; smoking ID SERVICES TASK-FORCE; UNITED-STATES; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; BENEFITS; CT; POPULATION; HARMS AB BACKGROUND: Lung cancer screening recommendations are based on results from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). The authors determined how the screening-eligible US population differs from NLST participants in terms of characteristics that affect their ability to benefit from screening. METHODS: The authors identified respondents to the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a national survey of individuals aged >= 50 years who are eligible for screening based on US Preventive Services Task Force and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services criteria. Comorbidities, life expectancy, smoking history, and other characteristics were compared between the screening-eligible population and NLST participants. RESULTS: The authors estimated that in 2013, 8.4 million individuals (95% confidence interval, 7.9-8.9 million individuals) would have met the eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening established by the US Preventive Services Task Force. Compared with NLST participants, HRS screening-eligible respondents were older, more likely to be current smokers, and more likely to have been diagnosed with comorbidities. The 5-year survival rate was 87% in the HRS screening-eligible individuals versus 93% in the NLST participants (P<.001, based on a 2-sided test). Life expectancy was 18.7 years in the HRS screening-eligible individuals versus 21.2 years in the NLST participants. CONCLUSIONS: The US population eligible for lung cancer screening is probably less likely to benefit from early detection than NLST participants because they face a high risk of death from competing causes. The results of the current study highlight the need for smoking cessation interventions targeting those patients eligible for screening and tools to help clinicians determine the potential benefits of screening in individual patients. (C) 2015 American Cancer Society. C1 [Howard, David H.] Emory Univ, Winship Canc Inst, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Richards, Thomas B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bach, Peter B.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Ctr Hlth Policy & Outcomes, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Kegler, Michelle C.; Berg, Carla J.] Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Howard, DH (reprint author), Emory Univ, Winship Canc Inst, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM david.howard@emory.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [12IPA17659] FX David Howard received support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 12IPA17659. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0008-543X EI 1097-0142 J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 121 IS 24 BP 4341 EP 4347 DI 10.1002/cncr.29677 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA DA7LD UT WOS:000367984700011 PM 26372542 ER PT J AU Payne, DC Selvarangan, R Azimi, PH Boom, JA Englund, JA Staat, MA Halasa, NB Weinberg, GA Szilagyi, PG Chappell, J McNeal, M Klein, EJ Sahni, LC Johnston, SH Harrison, CJ Baker, CJ Bernstein, DI Moffatt, ME Tate, JE Mijatovic-Rustempasic, S Esona, MD Wikswo, ME Curns, AT Sulemana, I Bowen, MD Gentsch, JR Parashar, UD AF Payne, Daniel C. Selvarangan, Rangaraj Azimi, Parvin H. Boom, Julie A. Englund, Janet A. Staat, Mary Allen Halasa, Natasha B. Weinberg, Geoffrey A. Szilagyi, Peter G. Chappell, James McNeal, Monica Klein, Eileen J. Sahni, Leila C. Johnston, Samantha H. Harrison, Christopher J. Baker, Carol J. Bernstein, David I. Moffatt, Mary E. Tate, Jacqueline E. Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Slavica Esona, Mathew D. Wikswo, Mary E. Curns, Aaron T. Sulemana, Iddrisu Bowen, Michael D. Gentsch, Jon R. Parashar, Umesh D. TI Long-term Consistency in Rotavirus Vaccine Protection: RV5 and RV1 Vaccine Effectiveness in US Children, 2012-2013 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE rotavirus vaccine; RV1-Rotarix; RV5-RotaTeq; acute gastroenteritis; surveillance ID 1ST 2 YEARS; UNITED-STATES; DOUBLE-BLIND; GASTROENTERITIS; PENTAVALENT; EFFICACY; INFANTS; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; MONOVALENT AB Background. Using a multicenter, active surveillance network from 2 rotavirus seasons (2012 and 2013), we assessed the vaccine effectiveness of RV5 (RotaTeq) and RV1 (Rotarix) rotavirus vaccines in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits for numerous demographic and secular strata. Methods. We enrolled children hospitalized or visiting the ED with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) for the 2012 and 2013 seasons at 7 medical institutions. Stool specimens were tested for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay and genotyped, and rotavirus vaccination histories were compared for rotavirus-positive cases and rotavirus-negative AGE controls. We calculated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) for preventing rotavirus associated hospitalizations and ED visits for each vaccine, stratified by vaccine dose, season, clinical setting, age, predominant genotype, and ethnicity. Results. RV5-specific VE analyses included 2961 subjects, 402 rotavirus cases (14%) and 2559 rotavirus-negative AGE controls. RV1-specific VE analyses included 904 subjects, 100 rotavirus cases (11%), and 804 rotavirus-negative AGE controls. Over the 2 rotavirus seasons, the VE for a complete 3-dose vaccination with RV5 was 80% (confidence interval [CI], 74%-84%), and VE for a complete 2-dose vaccination with RV1 was 80% (CI, 68%-88%). Statistically significant VE was observed for each year of life for which sufficient data allowed analysis (7 years for RV5 and 3 years for RV1). Both vaccines provided statistically significant genotype-specific protection against predominant circulating rotavirus strains. Conclusions. In this large, geographically and demographically diverse sample of US children, we observed that RV5 and RV1 rotavirus vaccines each provided a lasting and broadly heterologous protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis. C1 [Payne, Daniel C.; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Slavica; Esona, Mathew D.; Wikswo, Mary E.; Curns, Aaron T.; Sulemana, Iddrisu; Bowen, Michael D.; Gentsch, Jon R.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Selvarangan, Rangaraj; Harrison, Christopher J.; Moffatt, Mary E.] Childrens Mercy Hosp, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. [Azimi, Parvin H.; Johnston, Samantha H.] UCSF Benioff Childrens Hosp, Oakland, CA USA. [Boom, Julie A.; Sahni, Leila C.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Boom, Julie A.; Baker, Carol J.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Englund, Janet A.; Klein, Eileen J.] Seattle Childrens Hosp, Washington, DC USA. [Staat, Mary Allen; McNeal, Monica; Bernstein, David I.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Halasa, Natasha B.; Chappell, James] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Weinberg, Geoffrey A.; Szilagyi, Peter G.] Rockefeller Univ, Sch Med & Dent, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Szilagyi, Peter G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Payne, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A34, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM dvp6@cdc.gov FU US CDC [IP11-010] FX This work was funded by a cooperative agreement by the US CDC (IP11-010). NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1792 EP 1799 DI 10.1093/cid/civ872 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CY5RN UT WOS:000366465100007 PM 26449565 ER PT J AU Chaves, SS Perez, A Miller, L Bennett, NM Bandyopadhyay, A Farley, MM Fowler, B Hancock, EB Kirley, PD Lynfield, R Ryan, P Morin, C Schaffner, W Sharangpani, R Lindegren, ML Tengelsen, L Thomas, A Hill, MB Bradley, KK Oni, O Meek, J Zansky, S Widdowson, MA Finelli, L AF Chaves, Sandra S. Perez, Alejandro Miller, Lisa Bennett, Nancy M. Bandyopadhyay, Ananda Farley, Monica M. Fowler, Brian Hancock, Emily B. Kirley, Pam Daily Lynfield, Ruth Ryan, Patricia Morin, Craig Schaffner, William Sharangpani, Ruta Lindegren, Mary Lou Tengelsen, Leslie Thomas, Ann Hill, Mary B. Bradley, Kristy K. Oni, Oluwakemi Meek, James Zansky, Shelley Widdowson, Marc-Alain Finelli, Lyn TI Impact of Prompt Influenza Antiviral Treatment on Extended Care Needs After Influenza Hospitalization Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE influenza; influenza hospitalizations; elderly; extended care; influenza antiviral treatment ID CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; OSELTAMIVIR TREATMENT; CONFIRMED INFLUENZA; RESTRICTED ACTIVITY; OUTCOMES; DISABILITY; DURATION; VACCINE AB Background. Patients hospitalized with influenza may require extended care on discharge. We aimed to explore predictors for extended care needs and the potential mitigating effect of antiviral treatment among community-dwelling adults aged >= 65 years hospitalized with influenza. Methods. We used laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations from 3 influenza seasons. Extended care was defined as new placement in a skilled nursing home/long-term/rehabilitation facility on hospital discharge. We focused on those treated with antiviral agents to explore the effect of early treatment on extended care and hospital length of stay using logistic regression and competing risk survival analysis, accounting for time from illness onset to hospitalization. Treatment was categorized as early (<= 4 days) or late (>4 days) in reference to date of illness onset. Results. Among 6593 community-dwelling adults aged >= 65 years hospitalized for influenza, 18% required extended care at discharge. The need for care increased with age and neurologic disorders, intensive care unit admission, and pneumonia were predictors of care needs. Early treatment reduced the odds of extended care after hospital discharge for those hospitalized <= 2 or >2 days from illness onset (adjusted odds ratio, 0.38 [95% confidence interval {CI},.17-.85] and 0.75 [.56-.97], respectively). Early treatment was also independently associated with reduction in length of stay for those hospitalized <= 2 days from illness onset (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.43-2.30) or >2 days (1.30; 1.2-01.40). Conclusions. Prompt antiviral treatment decreases the impact of influenza on older adults through shorten hospitalization and reduced extended care needs. C1 [Chaves, Sandra S.; Perez, Alejandro; Widdowson, Marc-Alain; Finelli, Lyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Miller, Lisa] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Bennett, Nancy M.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. [Bandyopadhyay, Ananda] Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fowler, Brian] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Hancock, Emily B.] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Kirley, Pam Daily] Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. [Lynfield, Ruth; Morin, Craig] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Ryan, Patricia] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Schaffner, William; Lindegren, Mary Lou] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Sharangpani, Ruta] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. [Tengelsen, Leslie] Idaho Dept Hlth & Welf, Boise, ID USA. [Thomas, Ann] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Hill, Mary B.] Salt Lake Cty Hlth Dept, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Bradley, Kristy K.] Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Oni, Oluwakemi] Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. [Meek, James] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Zansky, Shelley] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. RP Chaves, SS (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE Mailstop A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM schaves@cdc.gov OI Bandyopadhyay, Ananda/0000-0002-8395-2001 FU CDC [CDC-RFA-CK12-1202, 5U38HM000414] FX FluSurv-NET is a collaboration of state health departments, academic institutions, and local partners and is funded by the CDC. This publication was also supported in part by the CDC (cooperative agreements CDC-RFA-CK12-1202 and 5U38HM000414). NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1807 EP 1814 DI 10.1093/cid/civ733 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CY5RN UT WOS:000366465100009 PM 26334053 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ AF Khoury, Muin J. TI Planning for the Future of Epidemiology in the Era of Big Data and Precision Medicine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE big data; epidemiology; funding; genomics; precision medicine; training ID OMIC TECHNOLOGIES; PRIMER; DESIGN; HEALTH AB We live in the era of genomics and big data. Evaluating the impact on health of large-scale biological, social, and environmental data is an emerging challenge in the field of epidemiology. In the past 3 years, major discussions and plans for the future of epidemiology, including with several recommendations for actions to transform the field, have been launched by 2 institutes within the National Institutes of Health. In the present commentary, I briefly explore the themes of these recommendations and their effects on leadership, resources, cohort infrastructure, and training. Ongoing engagement within the epidemiology community is needed to determine how to shape the evolution of the field and what truly matters for changing population health. We also need to assess how to leverage existing epidemiology resources and develop new studies to improve human health. Readers are invited to examine these recommendations, consider others that might be important, and join in the conversation about the future of epidemiology. C1 [Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Khoury, Muin J.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Rockville, MD USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), CDC, Off Publ Hlth Genom, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM muk1@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 182 IS 12 BP 977 EP 979 DI 10.1093/aje/kwv228 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY8AD UT WOS:000366629900001 PM 26628513 ER PT J AU Kidd, S Workowski, KA AF Kidd, Sarah Workowski, Kimberly A. TI Management of Gonorrhea in Adolescents and Adults in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE gonorrhea; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; drug therapy ID RESISTANT NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; ACID AMPLIFICATION TESTS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; SINGLE-DOSE AZITHROMYCIN; HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; IN-VITRO ACTIVITY; PHARYNGEAL GONORRHEA; TREATMENT FAILURE; UNCOMPLICATED GONORRHEA; GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS AB Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported notifiable disease in the United States and is associated with serious health sequelae, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Treatment for gonorrhea has been complicated by antimicrobial resistance. Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to each of the antimicrobials that were previously recommended as first-line treatment regimens, and current treatment options are severely limited. This article summarizes the key questions and data that were discussed at the Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Treatment Guidelines Expert Consultation meeting in April 2013, and the rationale for the 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention STD treatment guidelines for gonococcal infections in adolescents and adults. Key issues addressed include whether to change the dosage of ceftriaxone and azithromycin used in the recommended dual treatment regimen, whether to continue to list dual treatment with cefixime and azithromycin as an alternative treatment regimen, and management of gonococcal infections in persons with severe cephalosporin allergy or suspected treatment failure. C1 [Kidd, Sarah; Workowski, Kimberly A.] Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Workowski, Kimberly A.] Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Kidd, S (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-63, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM hgk9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This article appears as part of the supplement "Evidence Papers for the CDC Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines," sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 87 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 8 BP S785 EP S801 DI 10.1093/cid/civ731 PG 17 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CY5RX UT WOS:000366466200005 PM 26602618 ER PT J AU Meites, E Gaydos, CA Hobbs, MM Kissinger, P Nyirjesy, P Schwebke, JR Secor, WE Sobel, JD Workowski, KA AF Meites, Elissa Gaydos, Charlotte A. Hobbs, Marcia M. Kissinger, Patricia Nyirjesy, Paul Schwebke, Jane R. Secor, W. Evan Sobel, Jack D. Workowski, Kimberly A. TI A Review of Evidence-Based Care of Symptomatic Trichomoniasis and Asymptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis Infections SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE Trichomonas vaginalis; Trichomonas infections; Trichomonas vaginitis; antitrichomonal agents; sexually transmitted diseases ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DELIVERED PARTNER TREATMENT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; HIV-SERONEGATIVE WOMEN; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; SINGLE-DOSE TREATMENT; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; NEW-YORK-CITY AB Trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection, affecting an estimated 3.7 million women and men in the United States. Health disparities are prominent in the epidemiology of this infection, which affects 11% of women aged >= 40 years and a disproportionately high percentage of black women. Particularly high prevalences have been identified among sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients and incarcerated individuals. This article reviews and updates scientific evidence in key topic areas used for the development of the 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Current evidence is presented regarding conditions associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pregnancy complications such as preterm birth. Nucleic acid amplification tests and point-of-care tests are newly available diagnostic methods that can be conducted on a variety of specimens, potentially allowing highly sensitive testing and screening of both women and men at risk for infection. Usually, trichomoniasis can be cured with single-dose therapy of an appropriate nitroimidazole antibiotic, but women who are also infected with HIV should receive therapy for 7 days. Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging concern. C1 [Meites, Elissa; Workowski, Kimberly A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr Viral Hepatitis HIV AIDS STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gaydos, Charlotte A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Hobbs, Marcia M.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hobbs, Marcia M.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kissinger, Patricia] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA USA. [Nyirjesy, Paul] Drexel Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Schwebke, Jane R.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL USA. [Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sobel, Jack D.] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI USA. [Workowski, Kimberly A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Meites, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr Viral Hepatitis HIV AIDS STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM emeites@cdc.gov OI Meites, Elissa/0000-0002-0077-2591 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This article appears as part of the supplement "Evidence Papers for the CDC Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines," sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 139 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 8 BP S837 EP S848 DI 10.1093/cid/civ738 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CY5RX UT WOS:000366466200008 PM 26602621 ER PT J AU Park, IU Introcaso, C Dunne, EF AF Park, Ina U. Introcaso, Camille Dunne, Eileen F. TI Human Papillomavirus and Genital Warts: A Review of the Evidence for the 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE HPV; genital warts; treatment; HPV vaccine ID ANAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; HIV-INFECTED MEN; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LASER-GENERATED PLUME; POSITIVE MEN; INFRARED COAGULATION; HETEROSEXUAL COUPLES; NATURAL-HISTORY; HPV VACCINATION AB To provide updates for the 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines on human papillomavirus (HPV) and anogenital warts (AGWs), a review of the literature was conducted in key topic areas: (1) epidemiology and burden of disease; (2) transmission and natural history; (3) diagnosis and management of AGWs; (4) occupational exposure of healthcare workers; (5) anal cancer screening among men who have sex with men (MSM); and (6) HPV vaccine recommendations. Most sexually active persons will have detectable HPV at least once in their lifetime; 14 million persons are infected annually, and 79 million persons have prevalent infection. HPV is transmitted frequently between partners; more frequent transmission has been reported from females to males than from males to females. A new formulation of imiquimod (3.75% cream) is recommended for AGW treatment. Appropriate infection control, including performing laser or electrocautery in ventilated rooms using standard precautions, is recommended to prevent possible transmission to healthcare workers who treat anogenital warts, oral warts, and anogenital intraepithelial neoplasias (eg, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia). Data are insufficient to recommend routine anal cancer screening with anal cytology in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS or HIV-negative MSM. An annual digital anorectal examination may be useful for early detection of anal cancer in these populations. HPV vaccine is recommended routinely for 11- or 12-year-olds, as well as for young men through age 21 years and young women through age 26 years who have not previously been vaccinated. HPV vaccine is also recommended for MSM, people living with HIV/AIDS, and immunocompromised persons through age 26 years. C1 [Park, Ina U.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Sexually Transmitted Dis Control Branch, Div Communicable Dis Control, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Park, Ina U.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Introcaso, Camille; Dunne, Eileen F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Park, IU (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, STD Control Branch, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Bldg P,2nd Flr, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM ina.park@cdph.ca.gov FU CDC FX This work was supported by the CDC. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 33 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 8 BP S849 EP S855 DI 10.1093/cid/civ813 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CY5RX UT WOS:000366466200009 PM 26602622 ER PT J AU Workowski, KA AF Workowski, Kimberly A. TI Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID MYCOPLASMA-GENITALIUM INFECTION; RECTAL CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; NONGONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; VIRUS-INFECTION; EARLY SYPHILIS; MEN C1 [Workowski, Kimberly A.] Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div STD, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Workowski, KA (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop MS E-27, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM kgw2@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 8 BP S759 EP S762 DI 10.1093/cid/civ771 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CY5RX UT WOS:000366466200001 PM 26602614 ER PT J AU Anderson, AD Szymanski, TJ Emery, MP Kohrs, PH Bjork, AC Marsden-Haug, N Nett, RJ Woodhall, DM Self, JS Fitzpatrick, KA Priestley, RA Kersh, GJ AF Anderson, Alicia D. Szymanski, Tahnee J. Emery, Michelle P. Kohrs, Paul H. Bjork, Adam C. Marsden-Haug, Nicola Nett, Randall J. Woodhall, Dana M. Self, Joshua S. Fitzpatrick, Kelly A. Priestley, Rachael A. Kersh, Gilbert J. TI Epizootiological investigation of a Q fever outbreak and implications for future control strategies SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COXIELLA-BURNETII; GOAT HERDS; CARCASS DISPOSAL; WASHINGTON-STATE; UNITED-STATES; NETHERLANDS; SHEEP; MILK; VACCINATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Objective-To describe the epizootiological investigation of an outbreak of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii infection). Design-Epidemiological study. Animals-17 goat herds in Washington, Montana, and Oregon. Procedures-In April 2011, an abortion storm at a commercial goat farm in Washington was determined to be caused by C burnetii. A joint epidemiological investigation by public health and veterinary professionals was subsequently performed to assess the extent of the outbreak by performing a trace-forward of goats sold from the index farm, to determine risk factors associated with infection, and to implement control measures. A herd management plan was developed to control the outbreak and reduce risk of human exposure. Quarantine and temporary holds preventing the sale or movement of goats allowed time for trace-forward investigation, education of farmers regarding disease risk, and testing to determine the scope of the outbreak. Results-17 farms were affected; 21 human Q fever cases were identified. Bacterial shedding in feces, vaginal fluid, or milk was confirmed in 156 of 629 (25%) goats tested by PCR assay. Seroprevalence of antibodies against C burnetii in goats, determined by ELISA, was 12%. The risk for C burnetii infection in goats was highest among females, those on farms associated with human Q fever, and those on Washington farms. A protective effect was observed for goats at farms where the primary form of goat carcass disposal was burial. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-This outbreak illustrated the importance of a joint investigation for zoonotic pathogens and the need to expand and strengthen relationships between medical, public health, and veterinary partners. Heightened awareness and enhanced veterinary diagnostic capabilities for C burnetii are needed to identify and control outbreaks expediently. C1 [Anderson, Alicia D.; Bjork, Adam C.; Self, Joshua S.; Fitzpatrick, Kelly A.; Priestley, Rachael A.; Kersh, Gilbert J.] CDC, Div Vector Borne Dis, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bjork, Adam C.; Woodhall, Dana M.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nett, Randall J.] CDC, Career Epidemiol Field Officer Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Woodhall, Dana M.] CDC, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Parasit Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Szymanski, Tahnee J.] Montana Dept Livestock, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Emery, Michelle P.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Kohrs, Paul H.] Washington State Dept Agr, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Marsden-Haug, Nicola] Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Communicable Dis Epidemiol, Shoreline, WA 98155 USA. [Nett, Randall J.] Montana Dept Publ Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth & Safety Div, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Anderson, AD (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Dis, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aha5@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 EI 1943-569X J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 247 IS 12 BP 1379 EP 1386 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CY6GM UT WOS:000366506800017 PM 26642131 ER PT J AU Worley, RR Fisher, J AF Worley, Rachel Rogers Fisher, Jeffrey TI Application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling to explore the role of kidney transporters in renal reabsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid in the rat SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PFOA; PBPK; Oatp1a1; Oat1; Oat3; IVIVE ID ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE; SEX-DIFFERENCES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; PRODUCTION WORKERS; LIVER-ENZYMES; FEMALE RATS; IN-VITRO; ELIMINATION; EXCRETION AB Renal elimination and the resulting clearance of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from the serum exhibit pronounced sex differences in the adult rat. The literature suggests that this is largely due to hormonally regulated expression of organic anion transporters (OATS) on the apical and basolateral membranes of the proximal tubule cells that facilitate excretion and reabsorption of PFOA from the filtrate into the blood. Previously developed PBPK models of PFOA exposure in the rat have not been parameterized to specifically account for transporter-mediated renal elimination. We developed a PBPK model for PFOA in male and female rats to explore the role of Oat1, Oat3, and Oatp1a1 in sex-specific renal reabsorption and excretion of PFOA. Descriptions of the kinetic behavior of these transporters were extrapolated from in vitro studies and the model was used to simulate time-course serum, liver, and urine data for intravenous (IV) and oral exposures in both sexes. Model predicted concentrations of PFOA in the liver, serum, and urine showed good agreement with experimental data for both male and female rats indicating that in vitro derived physiological descriptions of transporter-mediated renal reabsorption can successfully predict sex-dependent excretion of PFOA in the rat. This study supports the hypothesis that sex-specific serum half-lives for PFOA are largely driven by expression of transporters in the kidney and contribute to the development of PBPK modeling as a tool for evaluating the role of transporters in renal clearance. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Worley, Rachel Rogers] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Community Hlth Invest, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Worley, Rachel Rogers; Fisher, Jeffrey] Univ Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fisher, Jeffrey] Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Food & Drug Adm, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Worley, RR (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM idz7@cdc.gov FU University of Georgia's Graduate School and Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program FX We would like to thank Dr. Eva McLanahan and Dr. Clement Welsh at the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and Dr. Xiaoxia Yang, Dr. Luisa Camacho, and Dr. Fred Beland at the National Center for Toxicological Research for their helpful discussion and comments. Partial financial support was from the University of Georgia's Graduate School and Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 289 IS 3 BP 428 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.017 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA CY1EF UT WOS:000366148800008 PM 26522833 ER PT J AU Kaplan, JE Bateganya, MH Hamm, TE Langley, C AF Kaplan, Jonathan E. Bateganya, Moses H. Hamm, Tiffany E. Langley, Carol TI Authors' Reply: Evidence-Based Programming of HIV Care and Support: Is the Psychosocial "Optional"? SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID CLINICAL-OUTCOMES; INTERVENTIONS; IMPACT; COUNTRIES C1 [Kaplan, Jonathan E.; Bateganya, Moses H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hamm, Tiffany E.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Bethesda, MD USA. [Langley, Carol] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator & Hlth Diplomacy, Washington, DC 20520 USA. RP Kaplan, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 70 IS 5 BP E178 EP E179 DI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000840 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CX3LN UT WOS:000365600400006 PM 26569180 ER PT J AU Dietz, PM Van Handel, M Wang, HS Peters, PJ Zhang, J Viall, A Branson, BM AF Dietz, Patricia M. Van Handel, Michelle Wang, Huisheng Peters, Philip J. Zhang, Jun Viall, Abigail Branson, Bernard M. TI HIV Testing among Outpatients with Medicaid and Commercial Insurance SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Objective To assess HIV testing and factors associated with receipt of testing among persons with Medicaid and commercial insurance during 2012. Methods Outpatient and laboratory claims were analyzed from two databases: all Medicaid claims from six states and all claims from Medicaid health plans from four other states and a large national convenience sample of patients with commercial insurance in the United States. We excluded those aged < 13 years and > 64 years, enrolled < 9 of the 12 months, pregnant females, and previously diagnosed with HIV. We identified patients with new HIV diagnoses that followed (did not precede) the HIV test, using HIV ICD-9 codes. HIV testing percentages were assessed by patient demographics and other tests or diagnoses that occurred during the same visit. Results During 2012, 89,242 of 2,069,536 patients (4.3%) with Medicaid had at least one HIV test, and 850 (1.0%) of those tested received a new HIV diagnosis. Among 27,206,804 patients with commercial insurance, 757,646 (2.8%) had at least one HIV test, and 5,884 (0.8%) of those tested received a new HIV diagnosis. During visits that included an HIV test, 80.2% of Medicaid and 83.0% of commercial insurance claims also included a test or diagnosis for a sexually transmitted infection (STI), and/or Hepatitis B or C virus at the same visit. Conclusions HIV testing primarily took place concurrently with screening or diagnoses for STIs or Hepatitis B or C. We found little evidence to suggest routine screening for HIV infection was widespread. C1 [Dietz, Patricia M.; Van Handel, Michelle; Wang, Huisheng; Peters, Philip J.; Zhang, Jun; Viall, Abigail; Branson, Bernard M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dietz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pad8@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 14 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0144965 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144965 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY9GR UT WOS:000366715900157 PM 26661399 ER PT J AU Wikswo, ME Kambhampati, A Shioda, K Walsh, KA Bowen, A Hall, AJ AF Wikswo, Mary E. Kambhampati, Anita Shioda, Kayoko Walsh, Kelly A. Bowen, Anna Hall, Aron J. TI Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis Transmitted by Person-to-Person Contact, Environmental Contamination, and Unknown Modes of Transmission - United States, 2009-2013 SO MMWR SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES LA English DT Article ID TERM-CARE FACILITIES; RESISTANT SHIGELLA-SONNEI; NOROVIRUS OUTBREAKS; FOODBORNE ILLNESS; SURVEILLANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PREVENTION; INFECTION; PATHOGENS; PATTERNS AB Problem/Condition: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major cause of illness in the United States, with an estimated 179 million episodes annually. AGE outbreaks propagated through direct person-to-person contact, contaminated environmental surfaces, and unknown modes of transmission were not systematically captured at the national level before 2009 and thus were not well characterized. Reporting Period: 2009-2013. Description of System: The National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) is a voluntary national reporting system that supports reporting of all waterborne and foodbome disease outbreaks and all AGE outbreaks resulting from transmission by contact with contaminated environmental sources, infected persons or animals, or unknown modes. Local, state, and territorial public health agencies within the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia (DC), five U.S. territories, and three Freely Associated States report outbreaks to CDC via NORS using a standard online data entry system. Results: A total of 10,756 AGE outbreaks occurred during 2009-2013, for which the primary mode of transmission occurred through person-to-person contact, environmental contamination, and unknown modes of transmission. NORS received reports from public health agencies in 50 U.S. states, DC, and Puerto Rico. These outbreaks resulted in 356,532 reported illnesses, 5,394 hospitalizations, and 459 deaths. The median outbreak reporting rate for all sites in a given year increased from 2.7 outbreaks per million population in 2009 to 11.8 outbreaks in 2013. The etiology was unknown in 31% (N = 3,326) of outbreaks. Of the 7,430 outbreaks with a suspected or confirmed etiology reported, norovirus was the most common, reported in 6,223 (84%) of these outbreaks. Other reported suspected or confirmed etiologies included Shigella (n = 332) and Salmonella (n = 320). Outbreaks were more frequent during the winter, with 5,716 (53%) outbreaks occurring during December February, and 70% of the 7,001 outbreaks with a reported setting of exposure occurred in long-term care facilities (n = 4,894). In contrast, 59% (n = 143) of shigellosis outbreaks, 36% (n = 30) of salmonellosis outbreaks, and 32% (n = 84) of other or multiple etiology outbreaks were identified in child care facilities. Interpretation: NORS is the first U.S. surveillance system that provides national data on AGE outbreaks spread through person-to-person contact, environmental contamination, and unknown modes of transmission. The increase in reporting rates during 2009-2013 indicates that reporting to NORS improved notably in the 5 years since its inception. Norovirus is the most commonly reported cause of these outbreaks and, on the basis of epidemiologic data, might account for a substantial proportion of outbreaks without a reported etiology. During 2009-2013, norovirus accounted for most deaths and health care visits in AGE outbreaks spread through person-to-person contact, environmental contamination, and unknown modes of transmission. Public Health Action: Recommendations for prevention and control of AGE outbreaks transmitted through person-to-person contact, environmental contamination, and unknown modes of transmission depend primarily on appropriate hand hygiene, environmental disinfection, and isolation of ill persons. NORS surveillance data can help identify priority targets for the development of future control strategies, including hygiene interventions and vaccines, and help monitor the frequency and severity of AGE outbreaks in the United States. Ongoing study of these AGE outbreaks can provide a better understanding of certain pathogens and their modes of transmission. For example, certain reported outbreak etiologies (e.g., Salmonella) are considered primarily foodborne pathogens but can be transmitted through multiple routes. Similarly, further examination of outbreaks of unknown etiology could help identify barriers to making an etiologic determination, to analyze clinical and epidemiologic clues suggestive of a probable etiology, and to discover new and emerging etiologic agents. Outbreak reporting to NORS has improved substantially since its inception, and further outreach efforts and system improvements might facilitate additional increases in the number and completeness of reports to NORS. C1 [Wikswo, Mary E.; Kambhampati, Anita; Shioda, Kayoko; Hall, Aron J.] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Walsh, Kelly A.; Bowen, Anna] CDC, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wikswo, ME (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ezq1@cdc.gov NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-8636 J9 MMWR SURVEILL SUMM JI MMWR Surv. Summ. PD DEC 11 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA4JJ UT WOS:000367765900001 PM 26656915 ER PT J AU Kerr, ZY Marshall, SW Dompier, TP Corlette, J Klossner, DA Gilchrist, J AF Kerr, Zachary Y. Marshall, Stephen W. Dompier, Thomas P. Corlette, Jill Klossner, David A. Gilchrist, Julie TI College Sports-Related Injuries - United States, 2009-10 Through 2013-14 Academic Years SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; CONCUSSION C1 [Kerr, Zachary Y.; Dompier, Thomas P.] Datalys Ctr Sports Injury Res & Prevent, Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA. [Marshall, Stephen W.] Univ N Carolina, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Corlette, Jill] State Hlth Registry Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Klossner, David A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gilchrist, Julie] CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dompier, TP (reprint author), Datalys Ctr Sports Injury Res & Prevent, Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA. EM tdompier@datalyscenter.org NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 11 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 48 BP 1330 EP + PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CZ6LJ UT WOS:000367212500002 PM 26655724 ER PT J AU Des Jarlais, DC Nugent, A Solberg, A Feelemyer, J Mermin, J Holtzman, D AF Des Jarlais, Don C. Nugent, Ann Solberg, Alisa Feelemyer, Jonathan Mermin, Jonathan Holtzman, Deborah TI Syringe Service Programs for Persons Who Inject Drugs in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas - United States, 2013 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; EXCHANGE PROGRAMS; INFECTION; HIV; USERS C1 [Des Jarlais, Don C.; Nugent, Ann; Feelemyer, Jonathan] Mt Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Solberg, Alisa] North Amer Syringe Exchange Network, Tacoma, WA USA. [Mermin, Jonathan] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Holtzman, Deborah] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Des Jarlais, DC (reprint author), Mt Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM DDesJarlais@chpnet.org NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 11 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 48 BP 1337 EP 1341 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CZ6LJ UT WOS:000367212500003 PM 26655918 ER PT J AU Smith, S Blanton, L Kniss, K Mustaquim, D Steffens, C Reed, C Bramley, A Flannery, B Fry, AM Grohskopf, LA Bresee, J Wallis, T Garten, R Xu, XY Abd Elal, AI Gubareva, L Barnes, J Wentworth, DE Burns, E Katz, J Jernigan, D Brammer, L AF Smith, Sophie Blanton, Lenee Kniss, Krista Mustaquim, Desiree Steffens, Craig Reed, Carrie Bramley, Anna Flannery, Brendan Fry, Alicia M. Grohskopf, Lisa A. Bresee, Joseph Wallis, Teresa Garten, Rebecca Xu, Xiyan Abd Elal, Anwar Isa Gubareva, Larisa Barnes, John Wentworth, David E. Burns, Erin Katz, Jacqueline Jernigan, Daniel Brammer, Lynnette TI Update: Influenza Activity - United States, October 4-November 28, 2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION; VACCINES; VIRUS C1 [Smith, Sophie; Blanton, Lenee; Kniss, Krista; Mustaquim, Desiree; Steffens, Craig; Reed, Carrie; Bramley, Anna; Flannery, Brendan; Fry, Alicia M.; Grohskopf, Lisa A.; Bresee, Joseph; Wallis, Teresa; Garten, Rebecca; Xu, Xiyan; Abd Elal, Anwar Isa; Gubareva, Larisa; Barnes, John; Wentworth, David E.; Burns, Erin; Katz, Jacqueline; Jernigan, Daniel; Brammer, Lynnette] CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssmithll@cdc.gov OI Wentworth, David/0000-0002-5190-980X NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 11 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 48 BP 1342 EP 1348 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CZ6LJ UT WOS:000367212500004 PM 26656182 ER PT J AU Venkat, H Krow-Lucal, E Hennessey, M Jones, J Adams, L Fischer, M Sylvester, T Levy, C Smith, K Plante, L Komatsu, K Staples, JE Hills, S AF Venkat, Heather Krow-Lucal, Elisabeth Hennessey, Morgan Jones, Jefferson Adams, Laura Fischer, Marc Sylvester, Tammy Levy, Craig Smith, Kirk Plante, Lydia Komatsu, Kenneth Staples, J. Erin Hills, Susan TI Concurrent Outbreaks of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus and West Nile Virus Disease - Arizona, 2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES C1 [Venkat, Heather; Krow-Lucal, Elisabeth; Hennessey, Morgan; Jones, Jefferson] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Venkat, Heather; Jones, Jefferson; Sylvester, Tammy; Levy, Craig] Maricopa Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Venkat, Heather; Jones, Jefferson; Adams, Laura; Plante, Lydia; Komatsu, Kenneth] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [Krow-Lucal, Elisabeth; Hennessey, Morgan; Fischer, Marc; Staples, J. Erin; Hills, Susan] CDC, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smith, Kirk] Maricopa Cty Environm Serv, Vector Control Div, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Adams, Laura] CDC, Career Epidemiol Field Officer Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Venkat, H (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM HeatherVenkat@mail.maricopa.gov; ekrowlucal@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 11 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 48 BP 1349 EP 1350 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CZ6LJ UT WOS:000367212500005 PM 26656306 ER PT J AU Saenz, FE Morton, LC Okoth, SA Valenzuela, G Vera-Arias, CA Velez-Alvarez, E Lucchi, NW Castro, LE Udhayakumar, V AF Saenz, Fabian E. Morton, Lindsay C. Okoth, Sheila Akinyi Valenzuela, Gabriela Vera-Arias, Claudia A. Velez-Alvarez, Eileen Lucchi, Naomi W. Enrique Castro, L. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam TI Clonal population expansion in an outbreak of Plasmodium falciparum on the northwest coast of Ecuador SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; Malaria; Ecuador; Outbreak; Microsatellite markers ID SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CHLOROQUINE RESISTANCE; SOUTH-AMERICA; MALARIA; MUTATIONS; REGION; PERU; AMPLIFICATION; FIXATION AB Background: Determining the source of malaria outbreaks in Ecuador and identifying remaining transmission foci will help in malaria elimination efforts. In this study, the genetic signatures of Plasmodium falciparum isolates, obtained from an outbreak that occurred in northwest Ecuador from 2012 to 2013, were characterized. Methods: Molecular investigation of the outbreak was performed using neutral microsatellites, drug resistance markers and pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genotyping. Results: A majority of parasite isolates (31/32) from this outbreak were of a single clonal type that matched a clonal lineage previously described on the northern coast of Peru and a historical isolate from Ecuador. All but one isolate carried a chloroquine-resistant pfcrt genotype and sulfadoxine-and pyrimethamine-sensitive pfdhps and pfdhfr genotypes. Pfmdr1 mutations were identified in codons 184 and 1042. In addition, most samples (97 %) showed presence of pfhrp2 gene. Conclusions: This study indicates that parasites from a single clonal lineage largely contributed to this outbreak and this lineage was found to be genetically related to a lineage previously reported in the Peruvian coast and historical Ecuadorian parasites. C1 [Saenz, Fabian E.; Valenzuela, Gabriela; Vera-Arias, Claudia A.; Velez-Alvarez, Eileen] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Ciencias Biol, Ctr Invest Enfermedades Infecciosas & Cron, Quito, Ecuador. [Morton, Lindsay C.; Okoth, Sheila Akinyi; Lucchi, Naomi W.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Okoth, Sheila Akinyi] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. [Enrique Castro, L.] Minist Salud Publ, Guayaquil, Ecuador. [Velez-Alvarez, Eileen] Univ Ias Fuerzas Armadas, Quito, Ecuador. RP Saenz, FE (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Ciencias Biol, Ctr Invest Enfermedades Infecciosas & Cron, Ave 12 Octubre 1076 & Roca, Quito, Ecuador. EM fsaenz213@puce.edu.ec FU Atlanta Research and Education Foundation (AREF); Amazon Malaria Initiative-RAVREDA; PUCE [J130158, K13058]; United States Agency for International Development; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation FX We would like to thank the personnel of SNEM, Ecuadorian Ministry of Public Health taking part in the sample collection and all the patients participating in this study. SAO was also supported in part by the Atlanta Research and Education Foundation (AREF). We thank Dr Alexandre Macedo de Oliveira, Dr Roberto Montoya and the Pan American Health Organization for encouragement in the study and support in training of Esmeraldas microscopists. We acknowledge Cesar Yumiseva for the help in the preparation of the Figures.; This work was partly supported by Amazon Malaria Initiative-RAVREDA and PUCE grants J130158 and K13058. The Amazon Malaria Initiative is financially supported by the United States Agency for International Development. This work was also partially supported by the Atlanta Research and Education Foundation. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 497 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-1019-2 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CY2PB UT WOS:000366249500002 ER PT J AU Jain, S Self, WH Wunderink, RG AF Jain, Seema Self, Wesley H. Wunderink, Richard G. CA CDC EPIC Study Team TI Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Jain, Seema] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Self, Wesley H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Wunderink, Richard G.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Jain, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM bwc8@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 10 PY 2015 VL 373 IS 24 BP 2382 EP 2382 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CY0QW UT WOS:000366111600021 PM 26650159 ER PT J AU Gao, HJ Wong, KK Zheteyeva, Y Shi, JR Uzicanin, A Rainey, JJ AF Gao, Hongjiang Wong, Karen K. Zheteyeva, Yenlik Shi, Jianrong Uzicanin, Amra Rainey, Jeanette J. TI Comparing Observed with Predicted Weekly Influenza-Like Illness Rates during the Winter Holiday Break, United States, 2004-2013 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SCHOOL CLOSURE; TRANSMISSION; CANADA AB In the United States, influenza season typically begins in October or November, peaks in February, and tapers off in April. During the winter holiday break, from the end of December to the beginning of January, changes in social mixing patterns, healthcare-seeking behaviors, and surveillance reporting could affect influenza-like illness (ILI) rates. We compared predicted with observed weekly ILI to examine trends around the winter break period. We examined weekly rates of ILI by region in the United States from influenza season 20032004 to 2012-2013. We compared observed and predicted ILI rates from week 44 to week 8 of each influenza season using the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method. Of 1,530 region, week, and year combinations, 64 observed ILI rates were significantly higher than predicted by the model. Of these, 21 occurred during the typical winter holiday break period (weeks 51-52); 12 occurred during influenza season 2012-2013. There were 46 observed ILI rates that were significantly lower than predicted. Of these, 16 occurred after the typical holiday break during week 1, eight of which occurred during season 2012-2013. Of 90 (10 HHS regions x 9 seasons) predictions during the peak week, 78 predicted ILI rates were lower than observed. Out of 73 predictions for the post-peak week, 62 ILI rates were higher than observed. There were 53 out of 73 models that had lower peak and higher post-peak predicted ILI rates than were actually observed. While most regions had ILI rates higher than predicted during winter holiday break and lower than predicted after the break during the 2012-2013 season, overall there was not a consistent relationship between observed and predicted ILI around the winter holiday break during the other influenza seasons. C1 [Gao, Hongjiang; Wong, Karen K.; Zheteyeva, Yenlik; Uzicanin, Amra; Rainey, Jeanette J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Shi, Jianrong] Chenega Time Solut, Chesapeake, VA USA. RP Gao, HJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM hgao@cdc.gov FU Chenega Time Solutions FX The authors received no specific funding for this work. Chenega Time Solutions provided support in the form of salaries for author JS, but didn't have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the "author contributions" section. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0143791 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0143791 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ1YX UT WOS:000366903300027 PM 26649568 ER PT J AU Gatei, W Gimnig, JE Hawley, W ter Kuile, F Odero, C Iriemenam, NC Shah, MP Howard, PP Omosun, YO Terlouw, DJ Nahlen, B Slutsker, L Hamel, MJ Kariuki, S Walker, E Shi, YP AF Gatei, Wangeci Gimnig, John E. Hawley, William ter Kuile, Feiko Odero, Christopher Iriemenam, Nnaemeka C. Shah, Monica P. Howard, Penelope Phillips Omosun, Yusuf O. Terlouw, Dianne J. Nahlen, Bernard Slutsker, Laurence Hamel, Mary J. Kariuki, Simon Walker, Edward Shi, Ya Ping TI Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum parasite by microsatellite markers after scale-up of insecticide-treated bed nets in western Kenya SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; Population structure; Genetic diversity; ITNs; Transmission ID PERENNIAL MALARIA TRANSMISSION; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUG RESISTANCE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHILD-MORTALITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AREA; MORBIDITY; IMPLEMENTATION; REDUCTIONS; SOFTWARE AB Background: An initial study of genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in Asembo, western Kenya showed that the parasite maintained overall genetic stability 5 years after insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) introduction in 1997. This study investigates further the genetic diversity of P. falciparum 10 years after initial ITN introduction in the same study area and compares this with two other neighbouring areas, where ITNs were introduced in 1998 (Gem) and 2004 (Karemo). Methods: From a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2007, 235 smear-positive blood samples collected from children <= 15-year-old in the original study area and two comparison areas were genotyped employing eight neutral microsatellites. Differences in multiple infections, allele frequency, parasite genetic diversity and parasite population structure between the three areas were assessed. Further, molecular data reported previously (1996 and 2001) were compared to the 2007 results in the original study area Asembo. Results: Overall proportion of multiple infections (M-A) declined with time in the original study area Asembo (from 95.9 %-2001 to 87.7 %-2007). In the neighbouring areas, M-A was lower in the site where ITNs were introduced in 1998 (Gem 83.7 %) compared to where they were introduced in 2004 (Karemo 96.7 %) in 2007. Overall mean allele count (M-AC similar to 2.65) and overall unbiased heterozygosity (H-e similar to 0.77) remained unchanged in 1996, 2001 and 2007 in Asembo and was the same level across the two neighbouring areas in 2007. Overall parasite population differentiation remained low over time and in the three areas at F-ST < 0.04. Both pairwise and multilocus linkage disequilibrium showed limited to no significant association between alleles in Asembo (1996, 2001 and 2007) and between three areas. Conclusions: This study showed the P. falciparum high genetic diversity and parasite population resilience on samples collected 10 years apart and in different areas in western Kenya. The results highlight the need for long-term molecular monitoring after implementation and use of combined and intensive prevention and intervention measures in the region. C1 [Gatei, Wangeci; Gimnig, John E.; Hawley, William; Iriemenam, Nnaemeka C.; Shah, Monica P.; Omosun, Yusuf O.; Slutsker, Laurence; Hamel, Mary J.; Shi, Ya Ping] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [ter Kuile, Feiko; Howard, Penelope Phillips; Terlouw, Dianne J.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Odero, Christopher; Kariuki, Simon] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Iriemenam, Nnaemeka C.; Shah, Monica P.; Omosun, Yusuf O.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. [Terlouw, Dianne J.] Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clin Res Programm, Blantyre, Malawi. [Nahlen, Bernard] Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC USA. [Walker, Edward] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Gatei, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wgg3@cdc.gov; Yshi@cdc.gov OI Omosun, Yusuf/0000-0003-4759-6254; ter Kuile, Feiko/0000-0003-3663-5617 FU US National Science Foundation, Ecology of Infectious Diseases [EF-0723770]; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, CDC FX The authors express their gratitude to the children and families who participated in the ITN trial and 2007 survey. We are indebted to Kim Lindblade for her contributions to the ITN trial in western Kenya. We thank the Director, Kenya Medical Research Institute for permission to publish this paper. This study was supported partially by US National Science Foundation, Ecology of Infectious Diseases Grant # EF-0723770 and by Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, CDC. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 495 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-1003-x PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CY2OY UT WOS:000366249200002 ER PT J AU Al-Awaidy, S Hamid, S Al Obaidani, I Al Baqlani, S Al Busaidi, S Bawikar, S El-Shoubary, W Dueger, EL Said, MM Elamin, E Shah, P Talaat, M AF Al-Awaidy, Salah Hamid, Sarah Al Obaidani, Idris Al Baqlani, Said Al Busaidi, Suleiman Bawikar, Shyam El-Shoubary, Waleed Dueger, Erica L. Said, Mayar M. Elamin, Emdeldin Shah, Parag Talaat, Maha TI The Burden of Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in Oman, January 2008-June 2013 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID OUTPATIENTS; INFECTION AB Introduction Acute respiratory infections (ARI), including influenza, comprise a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Influenza surveillance provides important information to inform policy on influenza control and vaccination. While the epidemiology of influenza has been well characterized in western countries, few data exist on influenza epidemiology in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. We describe the epidemiology of influenza virus in Oman. Methods Using syndromic case definitions and protocols, patients from four regional hospitals in Oman were enrolled in a descriptive prospective study to characterize the burden of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) and influenza. Eligible patients provided demographic information as well as oropharyngeal (OP) and nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. Specimens were tested for influenza A and influenza B; influenza A viruses were subtyped using RT-PCR. Results From January 2008 through June 2013, a total of 5,147 cases were enrolled and tested for influenza. Influenza strains were detected in 8% of cases for whom samples were available. Annual incidence rates ranged from 0.5 to 15.4 cases of influenza-associated SARI per 100,000 population. The median age of influenza patients was 6 years with children 0-2 years accounting for 34% of all influenza-associated hospitalizations. By contrast, the median age of non-influenza SARI cases was 1 year with children 0-2 years comprising 59% of SARI. Compared to non-influenza SARI cases, a greater proportion of influenza cases had pre-existing chronic conditions and underwent ventilation during hospitalization. Conclusions Influenza virus is associated with a substantial proportion of SARI in Oman. Influenza in Oman approximately follows northern hemisphere seasonality, with major peaks in October to December and a lesser peak around April. The burden of influenza was greatest in children and the elderly. Future efforts should examine the burden of influenza in other potential risk groups such as pregnant women to inform interventions including targeted vaccination. C1 [Al-Awaidy, Salah; Al Obaidani, Idris; Al Baqlani, Said; Al Busaidi, Suleiman; Bawikar, Shyam; Elamin, Emdeldin; Shah, Parag] Minist Hlth, Muscat, Oman. [Hamid, Sarah; El-Shoubary, Waleed; Dueger, Erica L.; Talaat, Maha] US Naval Med Res, Global Dis Detect & Response Program, Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Hamid, Sarah; El-Shoubary, Waleed; Talaat, Maha] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Dis Detect Ctr, Cairo, Egypt. [Dueger, Erica L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Said, Mayar M.] US Naval Med Res, Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Hamid, S (reprint author), US Naval Med Res, Global Dis Detect & Response Program, Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. EM hamids@wpro.who.int FU Global Emerging Infections Surveillance Program [GEIS847705.821000.25GB.E0018]; Centers of Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia FX This work was supported by the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance Program [GEIS847705.821000.25GB.E0018] and the Centers of Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 7 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0144186 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144186 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ1YS UT WOS:000366902700071 PM 26642055 ER PT J AU Upperman, CR Parker, J Jiang, CS He, X Murtugudde, R Sapkota, A AF Upperman, Crystal Romeo Parker, Jennifer Jiang, Chengsheng He, Xin Murtugudde, Raghuram Sapkota, Amir TI Frequency of Extreme Heat Event as a Surrogate Exposure Metric for Examining the Human Health Effects of Climate Change SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-STATE; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE MORTALITY; URBANIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; US; IMPACT; RISK; ENSO AB Epidemiological investigation of the impact of climate change on human health, particularly chronic diseases, is hindered by the lack of exposure metrics that can be used as a marker of climate change that are compatible with health data. Here, we present a surrogate exposure metric created using a 30-year baseline (1960-1989) that allows users to quantify long-term changes in exposure to frequency of extreme heat events with near unabridged spatial coverage in a scale that is compatible with national/state health outcome data. We evaluate the exposure metric by decade, seasonality, area of the country, and its ability to capture long-term changes in weather (climate), including natural climate modes. Our findings show that this generic exposure metric is potentially useful to monitor trends in the frequency of extreme heat events across varying regions because it captures long-term changes; is sensitive to the natural climate modes (ENSO events); responds well to spatial variability, and; is amenable to spatial/temporal aggregation, making it useful for epidemiological studies. C1 [Upperman, Crystal Romeo; Sapkota, Amir] Univ Maryland, Maryland Inst Appl Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Upperman, Crystal Romeo; Jiang, Chengsheng] Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Parker, Jennifer] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [He, Xin] Univ Maryland, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Murtugudde, Raghuram] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sapkota, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Inst Appl Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM amirsap@umd.edu RI Sapkota, Amir/A-5968-2011; He, Xin/N-6742-2016 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [NIEHS: 1R21ES021422-01A1]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The funding for this work was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS: 1R21ES021422-01A1).; The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Center for Health Statistics or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The funding for this work was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS: 1R21ES021422-01A1) NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 7 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0144202 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144202 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ1YS UT WOS:000366902700076 ER PT J AU Lee, ACC Quaiyum, MA Mullany, LC Mitra, DK Labrique, A Ahmed, P Uddin, J Rafiqullah, I DasGupta, S Mahmud, A Koumans, EH Christian, P Saha, S Baqui, AH AF Lee, Anne C. C. Quaiyum, Mohammad A. Mullany, Luke C. Mitra, Dipak K. Labrique, Alain Ahmed, Parvez Uddin, Jamal Rafiqullah, Iftekhar DasGupta, Sushil Mahmud, Arif Koumans, Emilia H. Christian, Parul Saha, Samir Baqui, Abdullah H. CA Projahnmo Study Grp TI Screening and treatment of maternal genitourinary tract infections in early pregnancy to prevent preterm birth in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh: a cluster randomized trial SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Article DE Urinary tract infection; Bacterial vaginosis; Abnormal vaginal flora; Preterm birth; Stillbirth; Miscarriage; Cluster randomized trial; Bangladesh ID ABNORMAL VAGINAL FLORA; ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; INTERMEDIATE FLORA; ORAL CLINDAMYCIN; LATE MISCARRIAGE; NEONATAL DEATHS; HEALTH-WORKERS; VERBAL AUTOPSY AB Background: Approximately half of preterm births are attributable to maternal infections, which are commonly undetected and untreated in low-income settings. Our primary aim is to determine the impact of early pregnancy screening and treatment of maternal genitourinary tract infections on the incidence of preterm live birth in Sylhet, Bangladesh. We will also assess the effect on other adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (stillbirth and live birth), late miscarriage, maternal morbidity, and early onset neonatal sepsis. Methods/Design: We are conducting a cluster randomized controlled trial that will enroll 10,000 pregnant women in Sylhet district in rural northeastern Bangladesh. Twenty-four clusters, each with similar to 4000 population (120 pregnant women/year) and served by a community health worker (CHW), are randomized to: 1) the control arm, which provides routine antenatal and postnatal home-based care, or 2) the intervention arm, which includes routine antenatal and postnatal home-based care plus screening and treatment of pregnant women between 13 and 19 weeks of gestation for abnormal vaginal flora (AVF) and urinary tract infection (UTI). CHWs conduct monthly pregnancy surveillance, make 2 antenatal and 4 postnatal home visits for all enrolled pregnant women and newborns, and refer mothers or newborns with symptoms of serious illness to the government sub-district hospital. In the intervention clusters, CHWs perform home-based screening of AVF and UTI. Self-collected vaginal swabs are plated on slides, which are Gram stained and Nugent scored. Women with AVF (Nugent score >= 4) are treated with oral clindamycin, rescreened and retreated, if needed, after 3 weeks. Urine culture is performed and UTI treated with nitrofurantoin. Repeat urine culture is performed after 1 week for test of cure. Gestational age is determined by maternal report of last menstrual period at study enrollment using prospectively completed study calendars, and in a subset by early (<20 week) ultrasound. CHWs prospectively collect data on all pregnancy outcomes, maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Implications/Discussion: Findings will enhance our understanding of the burden of AVF and UTI in rural Bangladesh, the impact of a maternal screening-treatment program for genitourinary tract infections on perinatal health, and help formulate public health recommendations for infection screening in pregnancy in low-resource settings. C1 [Lee, Anne C. C.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pediat Newborn Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lee, Anne C. C.; Mullany, Luke C.; Mitra, Dipak K.; Labrique, Alain; Mahmud, Arif; Christian, Parul; Baqui, Abdullah H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Int Ctr Maternal & Newborn Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Quaiyum, Mohammad A.; Ahmed, Parvez; DasGupta, Sushil] Int Ctr Diarrheal Dis Bangladesh, Ctr Reprod Hlth, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Uddin, Jamal; Rafiqullah, Iftekhar; Saha, Samir] Dhaka Shishu Hosp, Child Hlth Res Fdn, Dept Microbiol, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh. [Koumans, Emilia H.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Baqui, AH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Int Ctr Maternal & Newborn Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM abaqui@jhu.edu OI Mitra, Dipak/0000-0001-8680-4146 FU NICHD [R01 HD066156-02]; Saving Lives at Birth Grand Challenges [AID-OAA-G-11-00060] FX This work is funded by grants from the NICHD (R01 HD066156-02) and Saving Lives at Birth Grand Challenges (AID-OAA-G-11-00060). The funding bodies had no role in the design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PD DEC 7 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 326 DI 10.1186/s12884-015-0724-8 PG 14 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CY0JL UT WOS:000366092300001 PM 26643558 ER PT J AU Lee, AK Kulcsar, KA Elliott, O Khiabanian, H Nagle, ER Jones, MEB Amman, BR Sanchez-Lockhart, M Towner, JS Palacios, G Rabadan, R AF Lee, Albert K. Kulcsar, Kirsten A. Elliott, Oliver Khiabanian, Hossein Nagle, Elyse R. Jones, Megan E. B. Amman, Brian R. Sanchez-Lockhart, Mariano Towner, Jonathan S. Palacios, Gustavo Rabadan, Raul TI De novo transcriptome reconstruction and annotation of the Egyptian rousette bat SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE RNA-seq; Transcriptome; Genomics; Annotation; Database ID RNA-SEQ DATA; BLACK FLYING FOX; FRUIT BATS; MARBURG VIRUS; EBOLA-VIRUS; NIPAH VIRUS; EXPERIMENTAL INOCULATION; PTEROPUS-POLIOCEPHALUS; EQUINE MORBILLIVIRUS; REFERENCE GENOME AB Background: The Egyptian Rousette bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), a common fruit bat species found throughout Africa and the Middle East, was recently identified as a natural reservoir host of Marburg virus. With Ebola virus, Marburg virus is a member of the family Filoviridae that causes severe hemorrhagic fever disease in humans and nonhuman primates, but results in little to no pathological consequences in bats. Understanding host-pathogen interactions within reservoir host species and how it differs from hosts that experience severe disease is an important aspect of evaluating viral pathogenesis and developing novel therapeutics and methods of prevention. Results: Progress in studying bat reservoir host responses to virus infection is hampered by the lack of host-specific reagents required for immunological studies. In order to establish a basis for the design of reagents, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the R. aegyptiacus transcriptome. We performed de novo transcriptome assembly using deep RNA sequencing data from 11 distinct tissues from one male and one female bat. We observed high similarity between this transcriptome and those available from other bat species. Gene expression analysis demonstrated clustering of expression profiles by tissue, where we also identified enrichment of tissue-specific gene ontology terms. In addition, we identified and experimentally validated the expression of novel coding transcripts that may be specific to this species. Conclusion: We comprehensively characterized the R. aegyptiacus transcriptome de novo. This transcriptome will be an important resource for understanding bat immunology, physiology, disease pathogenesis, and virus transmission. C1 [Lee, Albert K.; Rabadan, Raul] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Biomed Informat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Lee, Albert K.; Elliott, Oliver; Khiabanian, Hossein; Rabadan, Raul] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Syst Biol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Kulcsar, Kirsten A.; Nagle, Elyse R.; Sanchez-Lockhart, Mariano; Palacios, Gustavo] US Army, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ctr Genome Sci, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Jones, Megan E. B.; Amman, Brian R.; Towner, Jonathan S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Palacios, Gustavo] George Mason Univ, Natl Ctr Biodef & Infect Dis, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Rabadan, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Biomed Informat, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM rr2579@cumc.columbia.edu RI Palacios, Gustavo/I-7773-2015; OI Palacios, Gustavo/0000-0001-5062-1938; Khiabanian, Hossein/0000-0003-1446-4394 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA1-14-1-0016]; training program in computational biology [5T32GM082797-07] FX We thank Thomas Kepler, Stephanie D'Souza, Adam Hume, Elke Muhlberger, Jenna Kelly for comments and discussion on the project. We also thank Ahhyun Kim for the illustration of a bat in Fig 1a. This work was funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) grant HDTRA1-14-1-0016 and the training program in computational biology 5T32GM082797-07. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the U.S. Army. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 23 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 7 PY 2015 VL 16 AR 1033 DI 10.1186/s12864-015-2124-x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA CX6XI UT WOS:000365844600002 PM 26643810 ER PT J AU Lu, H Holt, JB Cheng, YLJ Zhang, XY Onufrak, S Croft, JB AF Lu, Hua Holt, James B. Cheng, Yiling J. Zhang, Xingyou Onufrak, Stephen Croft, Janet B. TI Population-based geographic access to endocrinologists in the United States, 2012 SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Geographic access; Spatial coverage; Endocrinology; Geographic information system ID SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY; HEALTH-CARE; WORKFORCE; PREVALENCE; CHILDHOOD; DISTANCE; OBESITY; DEMAND; US AB Background: Increases in population and life expectancy of Americans may result in shortages of endocrinologists by 2020. This study aims to assess variations in geographic accessibility to endocrinologists in the US, by age group at state and county levels, and by urban/rural status, and distance. Methods: We used the 2012 National Provider Identifier Registry to obtain office locations of all adult and pediatric endocrinologists in the US. The population with geographic access to an endocrinologist within a series of 6 distance radii, centered on endocrinologist practice locations, was estimated using the US Census 2010 block-level population. We assumed that persons living within the same circular buffer zone of an endocrinologist location have the same geographic accessibility to that endocrinologist. The geographic accessibility (the percentage of the population with geographic access to at least one endocrinologist) and the population-to-endocrinologist ratio for each geographic area were estimated. Results: By using 20 miles as the distance radius, geographic accessibility to at least one pediatric/adult endocrinologist for age groups 0-17, 18-64, and >= 65 years was 64.1 %, 85.4 %, and 82.1 %. The overall population-to-endocrinologist ratio within 20 miles was 39,492: 1 for children, 29,887: 1 for adults aged 18-64 years, and 6,194: 1 for adults aged >= 65 years. These ratios varied considerably by state, county, urban/rural status, and distance. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that there are geographic variations of accessibility to endocrinologists in the US. The areas with poorer geographic accessibility warrant further study of the effect of these variations on disease prevention, detection, and management of endocrine diseases in the US population. Our findings of geographic access to endocrinologists also may provide valuable information for medical education and health resources allocation. C1 [Lu, Hua; Holt, James B.; Zhang, Xingyou; Croft, Janet B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Cheng, Yiling J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Onufrak, Stephen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lu, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-78, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hgl6@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6963 J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES JI BMC Health Serv. Res. PD DEC 7 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 541 DI 10.1186/s12913-015-1185-5 PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA CX6XE UT WOS:000365844200001 PM 26644021 ER PT J AU Feng, ZL Hill, AN Smith, PJ Glasser, JW AF Feng, Zhilan Hill, Andrew N. Smith, Philip J. Glasser, John W. TI An elaboration of theory about preventing outbreaks in homogeneous populations to include heterogeneity or preferential mixing SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heterogeneity; Population-immunity threshold; Vaccine coverage ID BASIC REPRODUCTION RATIO; MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASE; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; EPIDEMIC MODELS; TRANSMISSION; DYNAMICS; SPREAD; PATTERNS; NUMBERS AB The goal of many vaccination programs is to attain the population immunity above which pathogens introduced by infectious people (e.g., travelers from endemic areas) will not cause outbreaks. Using a simple meta-population model, we demonstrate that, if sub-populations either differ in characteristics affecting their basic reproduction numbers or if their members mix preferentially, weighted average sub-population immunities cannot be compared with the proportionally-mixing homogeneous population-immunity threshold, as public health practitioners are wont to do. Then we review the effect of heterogeneity in average per capita contact rates on the basic meta-population reproduction number. To the extent that population density affects contacts, for example, rates might differ in urban and rural sub-populations. Other differences among sub-populations in characteristics affecting their basic reproduction numbers would contribute similarly. In agreement with more recent results, we show that heterogeneous preferential mixing among sub-populations increases the basic meta-population reproduction number more than homogeneous preferential mixing does. Next we refine earlier results on the effects of heterogeneity in sub-population immunities and preferential mixing on the effective meta-population reproduction number. Finally, we propose the vector of partial derivatives of this reproduction number with respect to the sub-population immunities as a fundamentally new tool for targeting vaccination efforts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Feng, Zhilan] Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hill, Andrew N.] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smith, Philip J.; Glasser, John W.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glasser, JW (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NSF [DMS-1022758] FX Z.F.'s research is supported in part by NSF Grant DMS-1022758. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 EI 1095-8541 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD DEC 7 PY 2015 VL 386 BP 177 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.09.006 PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA CV9NU UT WOS:000364614700019 PM 26375548 ER PT J AU Sunderam, S Kissin, DM Crawford, SB Folger, SG Jamieson, DJ Warner, L Barfield, WD AF Sunderam, Saswati Kissin, Dmitry M. Crawford, Sara B. Folger, Suzanne G. Jamieson, Denise J. Warner, Lee Barfield, Wanda D. TI Assisted Reproductive Technology Surveillance - United States, 2013 SO MMWR SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-EMBRYO-TRANSFER; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; MULTIPLE GESTATION; BIRTH-DEFECTS; INSURANCE MANDATES; PRETERM BIRTH; IVF; PREGNANCIES; OUTCOMES; RISK AB Problem/Condition: Since the first U.S. infant conceived with assisted reproductive technology (ART) was born in 1981, both the use of ART and the number of fertility clinics providing ART services have increased steadily in the United States. ART includes fertility treatments in which eggs or embryos are handled in the laboratory (i.e., in vitro fertilization [IVF] and related procedures). Women who undergo ART procedures are more likely than women who conceive naturally to deliver multiple-birth infants. Multiple births pose substantial risks to both mothers and infants, including obstetric complications, preterm delivery, and low birthweight infants. This report provides state-specific information for the United States (including Puerto Rico) on ART procedures performed in 2013 and compares infant outcomes that occurred in 2013 (resulting from ART procedures performed in 2012 and 2013) with outcomes for all infants born in the United States in 2013. Reporting Period Covered: 2013. Description of System: In 1996, CDC began collecting data on ART procedures performed in fertility clinics in the United States as mandated by the Fertility Clinic Success Rate and Certification Act of 1992 (FCSRCA) (Public Law 102-493). Data are collected through the National ART Surveillance System (NASS), a web-based data collection system developed by CDC. This report includes data from 52 reporting areas (the 50 states, the District of Columbia [DC], and Puerto Rico). Results: In 2013, a total of 160,521 ART procedures (range: 109 in Wyoming to 20,299 in California) with the intent to transfer at least one embryo were performed in 467 U.S. fertility clinics and were reported to CDC. These procedures resulted in 53,252 live-birth deliveries (range: 47 in Alaska to 6,979 in California) and 66,691 infants (range: 61 in Alaska to 8,649 in California). Nationally, the total number of ART procedures performed per million women of reproductive age (15-44 years), a proxy measure of the ART usage rate, was 2,521 (range: 352 in Puerto Rico to 7,688 in DC). ART use exceeded the national rate in 13 reporting areas (California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Virginia, and DC). Nationally, among ART transfer procedures in patients using fresh embryos from their own eggs, the average number of embryos transferred increased with increasing age of the woman (1.8 among women aged <35 years, 2.0 among women aged 35-37 years, and 2.5 among women aged >37 years). Among women aged <35 years, who typically are considered to be good candidates for elective single embryo transfer (eSET) procedures, the national eSET rate was 21.4% (range: 4.0% in Idaho to 77.5% in Delaware). In 2013, ART contributed to 1.6% of all infants born in the United States (range: 0.2% in Puerto Rico to 4.8% in Massachusetts) and 18.7% of all multiple-birth infants (range: 4.5% in Puerto Rico to 35.7% in Massachusetts), including 18.5% of all twin infants (range: 4.5% in Mississippi to 35.3% in Massachusetts) and 25.2% of all triplet and higher-order infants (range: 0% in several reporting areas to 51.5% in New Jersey). Multiple-birth deliveries were higher among infants conceived with ART (41.1%; range: 20.4% in Delaware to 61.6% in Wyoming) than among all infants born in the total birth population (only 3.5%; range: 1.8% in Puerto Rico to 4.5% in Massachusetts and New Jersey). Approximately 39% of ART-conceived infants were twin infants, and 2% were triplet and higher-order infants. ART-conceived twins accounted for approximately 95.4% of all ART-conceived infants born in multiple deliveries. Nationally, infants conceived with ART contributed to 5.8% of all low birthweight (<2,500 grams) infants (range: 0.9% in Puerto Rico to 15.1% in Massachusetts). Among ART-conceived infants, 29.1% were low birthweight (range: 18.3% in Delaware to 42.6% in Louisiana), compared with 8.0% among all infants (range: 5.8% in Alaska to 11.5% in Mississippi). ART-conceived infants contributed to 4.6% of all preterm (<37 weeks) infants (range: 0.6% in Puerto Rico to 13.3% in Massachusetts). Preterm birth rates were higher among infants conceived with ART (33.6%; range: 22.3% in DC to 50.7% in Louisiana) than among all infants born in the total birth population (11.4%; range: 8.8% in California to 16.6% in Mississippi). The percentage of ART-conceived infants who were low birthweight was 9.0% (range: 5.1% in Mississippi to 19.7% in Puerto Rico) among singletons and 56.3% (range: 48.3% in Maine to 72.4% in Puerto Rico) among twins; the corresponding percentages among all infants born were 6.3% for singletons (range: 4.6% in Alaska to 9.6% in Mississippi and Puerto Rico) and 55.3% for twins (range: 43.6% in Alaska to 65.6% in Mississippi). The percentage of ART-conceived infants who were preterm varied from 13.3% (range: 8.7% in Rhode Island to 26.9% in West Virginia) among singletons to 61.0% (range: 47.8% in DC to 78.8% in Oklahoma) among twins; the corresponding percentages among all infants were 10.1% for singletons (range: 6.8% in Vermont to 14.8% in Mississippi) and 56.6% for twins (range: 44.7% in New Hampshire to 68.9% in Louisiana). Interpretation: The percentage of infants conceived with ART varied considerably by reporting area. In most reporting areas, multiple births from ART contributed to a substantial proportion of all twins, triplets, and higher-order infants born, and the low birthweight and preterm infant birth rates were disproportionately higher among ART-conceived infants than among the overall birth population. Although women aged <35 years are typically considered good candidates for eSET, on average two embryos were transferred per ART procedure with women in this group, increasing the overall multiple-birth rates in the United States. Compared with ART-conceived singletons, ART-conceived twins were approximately four-and-a-half times more likely to be born preterm, and approximately six times more likely to be born with low birthweight. Singleton infants conceived with ART had slightly higher rates of preterm delivery and low birthweight than all singleton infants born in the United States. ART use per population unit was geographically variable, with 13 reporting areas showing ART use above the national rate. Of the four states (Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Rhode Island) with comprehensive statewide-mandated health insurance coverage for ART procedures (i.e., coverage for at least four cycles of IVF), two states (Massachusetts and New Jersey) had rates of ART use exceeding twice the national level. This type of mandated insurance has been associated with greater use of ART and likely accounts for some of the difference in per capita ART use observed among states. Public Health Actions: Reducing the number of embryos transferred per ART procedure and increasing use of eSET, when clinically appropriate (typically for women aged <35 years), could help reduce multiple births, particularly ART-conceived twin infants, and related adverse consequences of ART. Because twins account for the majority of ART-conceived multiple births, improved patient education and counseling on the maternal and infant health risks of having twins is needed. Although ART contributes to high rates of multiple births, other factors not investigated in this report (e.g., delayed childbearing and non-ART fertility treatments) also contribute to multiple births and warrant further study. C1 [Sunderam, Saswati; Kissin, Dmitry M.; Crawford, Sara B.; Folger, Suzanne G.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Warner, Lee; Barfield, Wanda D.] CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sunderam, S (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM msunderam@cdc.gov NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-8636 J9 MMWR SURVEILL SUMM JI MMWR Surv. Summ. PD DEC 4 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1 EP 25 PG 25 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA4JI UT WOS:000367765800001 ER PT J AU Bower, WA Hendricks, K Pillai, S Guarnizo, J Meaney-Delman, D AF Bower, William A. Hendricks, Katherine Pillai, Satish Guarnizo, Julie Meaney-Delman, Dana TI Clinical Framework and Medical Countermeasure Use During an Anthrax Mass-Casualty Incident SO MMWR RECOMMENDATIONS AND REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CHEST CONSENSUS STATEMENT; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; LETHAL FACTOR; CRITICALLY-ILL; CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX; BIOTERRORIST ATTACK; CARE; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION AB In 2014, CDC published updated guidelines for the prevention and treatment of anthrax (Hendricks KA, Wright ME, Shadomy SV et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expert panel meetings on prevention and treatment of anthrax in adults. Emerg Infect Dis 2014;20[2] Available at http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/2/13-0687_article.htm). These guidelines provided recommended best practices for the diagnosis and treatment of persons with naturally occurring or bioterrorism-related anthrax in conventional medical settings. An aerosolized release of Bacillus anthracis spores over densely populated areas could become a mass-casualty incident. To prepare for this possibility, the US. government has stockpiled equipment and therapeutics (known as medical countermeasures [MCMs]) for anthrax prevention and treatment. However, previously developed publicly available clinical recommendations have not addressed the use of MCMs or clinical management during an anthrax mass-casualty incident, when the number of patients is likely to exceed the ability of the health care infrastructure to provide conventional standards of care and supplies of MCMs might be inadequate to meet the demand required. To address this gap, in 2013, CDC conducted a series of systematic reviews of the scientific literature on anthrax to identify evidence that could help clinicians and public health authorities set guidelines for intravenous antimicrobial and antitoxin use, diagnosis of anthrax meningitis, and management of common anthrax-specific complications in the setting of a mass-casualty incident. Evidence from these reviews was presented to professionals with expertise in anthrax, critical care, and disaster medicine during a series of workgroup meetings that were held from August 2013 through March 2014. In March 2014, a meeting was held at which 102 subject matter experts discussed the evidence and adapted the existing best practices guidance to a clinical use framework for the judicious, efficient, and rational use of stockpiled MCMs for the treatment of anthrax during a mass-casualty incident, which is described in this report. This report addresses elements of hospital-based acute care, specifically antitoxins and intravenous antimicrobial use, and the diagnosis and management of common anthrax-specific complications during a mass-casualty incident. The recommendations in this report should be implemented only after predefined triggers have been met for shifting from conventional to contingency or crisis standards of care, such as when the magnitude of cases might lead to impending shortages of intravenous antimicrobials, antitoxins, critical care resources (e.g., chest tubes and chest drainage systems), or diagnostic capability. This guidance does not address prima?), triage decisions, anthrax postexposure prophylaxis, hospital bed or workforce surge capacity, or the logistics of dispensing MCMs. Clinicians, hospital administrators, state and local health officials, and planners can use these recommendations to assist in the development of crisis protocols that will ensure national preparedness for an anthrax mass-casualty incident. C1 [Bower, William A.; Hendricks, Katherine] Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pillai, Satish; Guarnizo, Julie] Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Atlanta, GA USA. [Meaney-Delman, Dana] Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bower, WA (reprint author), CDC, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wab4@cdc.gov NR 87 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1057-5987 EI 1545-8601 J9 MMWR RECOMM REP JI MMWR Recomm. Rep. PD DEC 4 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CZ6LG UT WOS:000367212200001 PM 26632963 ER PT J AU Tinto, H Sevene, E Dellicour, S Calip, GS d'Alessandro, U Macete, E Nakanabo-Diallo, S Kazienga, A Valea, I Sorgho, H Vala, A Augusto, O Ruperez, M Menendez, C Ouma, P Desai, M Ter Kuile, F Stergachis, A AF Tinto, Halidou Sevene, Esperanca Dellicour, Stephanie Calip, Gregory S. d'Alessandro, Umberto Macete, Eusebio Nakanabo-Diallo, Seydou Kazienga, Adama Valea, Innocent Sorgho, Hermann Vala, Anifa Augusto, Orvalho Ruperez, Maria Menendez, Clara Ouma, Peter Desai, Meghna Ter Kuile, Feiko Stergachis, Andy TI Assessment of the safety of antimalarial drug use during early pregnancy (ASAP): protocol for a multicenter prospective cohort study in Burkina Faso, Kenya and Mozambique SO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Pregnancy; Malaria; ACTs ID DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; COMBINED ARTESUNATE; WESTERN KENYA; WOMEN; PHARMACOKINETICS; PROFILE AB Background: A major unresolved safety concern for malaria case management is the use of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) in the first trimester of pregnancy. There is a need for human data to inform policy makers and treatment guidelines on the safety of artemisinin combination therapies (ACT) when used during early pregnancy. Methods: The overall goal of this paper is to describe the methods and implementation of a study aimed at developing surveillance systems for identifying exposures to antimalarials during early pregnancy and for monitoring pregnancy outcomes using health and demographic surveillance platforms. This was a multi-center prospective observational cohort study involving women at health and demographic surveillance sites in three countries in Africa: Burkina Faso, Kenya and Mozambique [(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01232530)]. The study was designed to identify pregnant women with artemisinin exposure in the first trimester and compare them to: 1) pregnant women without malaria, 2) pregnant women treated for malaria, but exposed to other antimalarials, and 3) pregnant women with malaria and treated with artemisinins in the 2nd or 3rd trimesters from the same settings. Pregnant women were recruited through community-based surveys and attendance at health facilities, including antenatal care clinics and followed until delivery. Data from the three sites will be pooled for analysis at the end of the study. Results are forthcoming. Discussion: Despite few limitations, the methods described here are relevant to the development of sustainable pharmacovigilance systems for drugs used by pregnant women in the tropics using health and demographic surveillance sites to prospectively ascertain drug safety in early pregnancy. C1 [Tinto, Halidou; Nakanabo-Diallo, Seydou; Kazienga, Adama; Valea, Innocent; Sorgho, Hermann] IRSS, Clin Res Unit Nanoro, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. [Sevene, Esperanca; Augusto, Orvalho] Eduardo Mondlane Univ, Maputo, Mozambique. [Sevene, Esperanca; Macete, Eusebio; Vala, Anifa; Augusto, Orvalho; Ruperez, Maria; Menendez, Clara] Ctr Invest Saude Manhica, Maputo, Mozambique. [Dellicour, Stephanie; Ter Kuile, Feiko] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Calip, Gregory S.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Pharm & Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [d'Alessandro, Umberto; Stergachis, Andy] MRC, Fajara, Gambia. [Ouma, Peter] Kenya Med Res Inst Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Desai, Meghna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Desai, Meghna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ruperez, Maria; Menendez, Clara] Inst Salud Global Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. RP Tinto, H (reprint author), IRSS, Clin Res Unit Nanoro, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. EM tintohalidou@yahoo.fr; hsorgho@hotmail.com OI Calip, Gregory/0000-0002-7744-3518; ter Kuile, Feiko/0000-0003-3663-5617 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through the Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium FX We wish to thank all study participants and the study field staffs in the three countries. This study was made possible thanks to the financial support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through the Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium. We acknowledge the assistance of Laura Sangare, Robert Nathan, and Gillian Levine of the University of Washington during the early phases of the study for their contributions to study planning and operations. The authors also thank the following individuals who contributed in various ways to the protocol: G. Aol, M. Oneko, G. Bigogo, S. Kariuki, F. Odhiambo and J. Vulule from KEMRI-CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration; D. Burton, R.F. Breiman, M. Hamel, L. Slutsker, D. Feikin and KF. Laserson from CDC, Atlanta, USA; J. Pandit from the Kenyan Pharmacy and Poison Board; P Alonso from ISGLOBAL, Barcelona, Spain. KEMRI/CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration, the Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro and Manhica Health Research Center are members of the INDEPTH Network. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4755 J9 REPROD HEALTH JI Reprod. Health PD DEC 4 PY 2015 VL 12 AR 112 DI 10.1186/s12978-015-0101-0 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CZ3VG UT WOS:000367031500001 PM 26637464 ER PT J AU Lyman, M Walters, M Lonsway, D Rasheed, K Limbago, B Kallen, A AF Lyman, Meghan Walters, Maroya Lonsway, David Rasheed, Kamile Limbago, Brandi Kallen, Alexander TI Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Producing OXA-48-like Carbapenemases-United States, 2010-2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; 1ST REPORT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MENACE C1 [Lyman, Meghan] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lyman, Meghan; Walters, Maroya; Lonsway, David; Rasheed, Kamile; Limbago, Brandi; Kallen, Alexander] CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lyman, M (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmlyman@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 4 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 47 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY0NJ UT WOS:000366102500003 ER PT J AU Mercado, C DeSimone, AK Odom, E Gillespie, C Ayala, C Loustalot, F AF Mercado, Carla DeSimone, Ariadne K. Odom, Erika Gillespie, Cathleen Ayala, Carma Loustalot, Fleetwood TI Prevalence of Cholesterol Treatment Eligibility and Medication Use Among Adults - United States, 2005-2012 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Mercado, Carla; Odom, Erika; Gillespie, Cathleen; Ayala, Carma; Loustalot, Fleetwood] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [DeSimone, Ariadne K.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [DeSimone, Ariadne K.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Mercado, C (reprint author), CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmercado@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 4 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 47 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY0NJ UT WOS:000366102500001 ER PT J AU Pedati, C House, J Hancock-Allen, J Colton, L Bryan, K Ortbahn, D Kightlinger, L Kugeler, K Petersen, J Mead, P Safranek, T Buss, B AF Pedati, Caitlin House, Jennifer Hancock-Allen, Jessica Colton, Leah Bryan, Katie Ortbahn, Dustin Kightlinger, Lon Kugeler, Kiersten Petersen, Jeannine Mead, Paul Safranek, Tom Buss, Bryan TI Increase in Human Cases of Tularemia-Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming, January-September 2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Pedati, Caitlin; Hancock-Allen, Jessica] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Sci Educ & Profess Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Pedati, Caitlin; Safranek, Tom; Buss, Bryan] Nebraska Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Lincoln, NE USA. [House, Jennifer; Hancock-Allen, Jessica; Colton, Leah] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Kugeler, Kiersten; Petersen, Jeannine; Mead, Paul] CDC, Div Vector Borne Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Buss, Bryan] CDC, Div State & Local Readiness, Off Publ Hlth Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pedati, C (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Sci Educ & Profess Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CPedati@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 4 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 47 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY0NJ UT WOS:000366102500004 ER PT J AU Watson, M Thomas, CC Massetti, GM McKenna, S Gershenwald, JE Laird, S Iskander, J Lushniak, B AF Watson, Meg Thomas, Cheryll C. Massetti, Greta M. McKenna, Sharon Gershenwald, Jeffrey E. Laird, Susan Iskander, John Lushniak, Boris TI CDC Grand Rounds: Prevention and Control of Skin Cancer SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID CUTANEOUS MELANOMA; UNITED-STATES; US ADULTS; TRENDS; PREVALENCE C1 [Watson, Meg; Thomas, Cheryll C.; Massetti, Greta M.] CDC, Canc Prevent Div, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McKenna, Sharon] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Arizona SunWise Skin Canc Prevent Program, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [Gershenwald, Jeffrey E.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Laird, Susan; Iskander, John] CDC, Off Associate Director Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lushniak, Boris] US Dept HHS, Off Surgeon Gen, Washington, DC USA. RP Watson, M (reprint author), CDC, Canc Prevent Div, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MWatson2@cdc.gov RI User, Test/G-7821-2015 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 4 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 47 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY0NJ UT WOS:000366102500002 ER PT J AU Oruko, K Nyothach, E Zielinski-Gutierrez, E Mason, L Alexander, K Vulule, J Laserson, KF Phillips-Howard, PA AF Oruko, Kelvin Nyothach, Elizabeth Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily Mason, Linda Alexander, Kelly Vulule, John Laserson, Kayla F. Phillips-Howard, Penelope A. TI 'He is the one who is providing you with everything so whatever he says is what you do': A Qualitative Study on Factors Affecting Secondary Schoolgirls' Dropout in Rural Western Kenya SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; PREMARITAL SEX; SOUTH-AFRICA; ADOLESCENTS; COUNTRIES; WOMEN; GIRLS; HIV AB Education is an effective way to improve girls' self-worth, health, and productivity; however there remains a gender gap between girls' and boys' completion of school. The literature around factors influencing girls' decision to stay in school is limited. Seven focus group discussions took place among 79 girls in forms 2 to 4 at secondary schools in rural western Kenya, to examine their views on why girls absent themselves or dropout from school. Data were analysed thematically. Lack of resources, sexual relationships with boyfriends, and menstrual care problems were reported to lead directly to dropout or school absence. These were tied to girls increased vulnerability to pregnancy, poor performance in school, and punishments, which further increase school absence and risk of dropout. Poverty, unmet essential needs, coercive sexual relationships, and an inequitable school environment collude to counter girls' resolve to complete their schooling. Lack of resources drive girls to have sex with boyfriends or men who provide them with essentials their family cannot afford, such as sanitary pads and transport to school. While these improve quality of their school life, this dynamic increases their exposure to sexual risk, pregnancy, punishment, and dropout. Evaluation of interventions to ameliorate these challenges is warranted, including provision of pocket money to address their needs. C1 [Oruko, Kelvin; Nyothach, Elizabeth; Vulule, John; Phillips-Howard, Penelope A.] Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Kisumu, Kenya. [Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily; Laserson, Kayla F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mason, Linda; Alexander, Kelly; Phillips-Howard, Penelope A.] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Dept Clin Studies, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Phillips-Howard, PA (reprint author), Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Kisumu, Kenya. EM Penelope.Phillips-Howard@lstmed.ac.uk FU United Kingdom Joint Global Health Trials [G1100677/1] FX This study was funded through the United Kingdom Joint Global Health Trials (grant number G1100677/1). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 4 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0144321 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144321 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY1CH UT WOS:000366143800076 PM 26636771 ER PT J AU Borst, A Saber, I Thames, E Reyes, N Beckman, M Ortel, TL AF Borst, Alexandra Saber, Ibrahim Thames, Elizabeth Reyes, Nimia Beckman, Michele Ortel, Thomas L. TI Incidence of Pediatric VTE in Durham County, North Carolina SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 05-08, 2015 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Borst, Alexandra; Saber, Ibrahim; Thames, Elizabeth; Ortel, Thomas L.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Hematol, Ctr Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Durham, NC USA. [Reyes, Nimia; Beckman, Michele] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 2021 L ST NW, SUITE 900, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 EI 1528-0020 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD DEC 3 PY 2015 VL 126 IS 23 PG 3 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA DA7YP UT WOS:000368021805215 ER PT J AU Devleesschauwer, B Haagsma, JA Angulo, FJ Bellinger, DC Cole, D Dopfer, D Fazil, A Fevre, EM Gibb, HJ Hald, T Kirk, MD Lake, RJ de Noordhout, CM Mathers, CD McDonald, SA Pires, SM Speybroeck, N Thomas, MK Torgerson, PR Wu, F Havelaar, AH Praet, N AF Devleesschauwer, Brecht Haagsma, Juanita A. Angulo, Frederick J. Bellinger, David C. Cole, Dana Doepfer, Doerte Fazil, Aamir Fevre, Eric M. Gibb, Herman J. Hald, Tine Kirk, Martyn D. Lake, Robin J. de Noordhout, Charline Maertens Mathers, Colin D. McDonald, Scott A. Pires, Sara M. Speybroeck, Niko Thomas, M. Kate Torgerson, Paul R. Wu, Felicia Havelaar, Arie H. Praet, Nicolas TI Methodological Framework for World Health Organization Estimates of the Global Burden of Foodborne Disease SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; DISABILITY WEIGHTS; NETHERLANDS; VALUES AB Background The Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (FERG) was established in 2007 by the World Health Organization to estimate the global burden of foodborne diseases (FBDs). This paper describes the methodological framework developed by FERG's Computational Task Force to transform epidemiological information into FBD burden estimates. Methods and Findings The global and regional burden of 31 FBDs was quantified, along with limited estimates for 5 other FBDs, using Disability-Adjusted Life Years in a hazard-and incidence-based approach. To accomplish this task, the following workflow was defined: outline of disease models and collection of epidemiological data; design and completion of a database template; development of an imputation model; identification of disability weights; probabilistic burden assessment; and estimating the proportion of the disease burden by each hazard that is attributable to exposure by food (i.e., source attribution). All computations were performed in R and the different functions were compiled in the R package 'FERG'. Traceability and transparency were ensured by sharing results and methods in an interactive way with all FERG members throughout the process. Conclusions We developed a comprehensive framework for estimating the global burden of FBDs, in which methodological simplicity and transparency were key elements. All the tools developed have been made available and can be translated into a user-friendly national toolkit for studying and monitoring food safety at the local level. C1 [Devleesschauwer, Brecht] Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Virol Parasitol & Immunol, Merelbeke, Belgium. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht; de Noordhout, Charline Maertens; Speybroeck, Niko] Catholic Univ Louvain, Insitute Hlth & Soc IRSS, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht; Praet, Nicolas] Inst Trop Med, Dept Biomed Sci, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht; Havelaar, Arie H.] Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht; Havelaar, Arie H.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL USA. [Haagsma, Juanita A.] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Angulo, Frederick J.; Cole, Dana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bellinger, David C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bellinger, David C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Doepfer, Doerte] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Fazil, Aamir; Thomas, M. Kate] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Fevre, Eric M.] Univ Liverpool, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Neston, England. [Fevre, Eric M.] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gibb, Herman J.] Gibb Epidemiol Consulting, Arlington, VA USA. [Hald, Tine; Pires, Sara M.] Danish Tech Univ, Natl Food Inst, Lyngby, Denmark. [Kirk, Martyn D.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Lake, Robin J.] Inst Environm Sci & Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Mathers, Colin D.] WHO, Dept Hlth Stat & Informat Syst, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [McDonald, Scott A.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Ctr Infect Dis Control, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Torgerson, Paul R.] Univ Zurich, Vetsuisse Fac, Epidemiol Sect, Zurich, Switzerland. [Wu, Felicia] Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Food & Resource Econ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Havelaar, Arie H.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Havelaar, Arie H.] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Devleesschauwer, B (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Virol Parasitol & Immunol, Merelbeke, Belgium. EM brechtdv@gmail.com RI Hald, Tine/B-5477-2016; Torgerson, Paul/A-7510-2010; Torgerson, Paul /M-4447-2013; OI Torgerson, Paul/0000-0003-4277-9983; Torgerson, Paul /0000-0003-4277-9983; Fevre, Eric/0000-0001-8931-4986 FU World Health Organization (WHO); Gibb Epidemiology Consulting, LLC; European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Solna, Sweden) FX This study was commissioned and paid for by the World Health Organization (WHO). Copyright in the original work on which this article is based belongs to WHO. The authors have been given permission to publish this article. Gibb Epidemiology Consulting, LLC, provided support in the form of salaries for author [HJG], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of this author are articulated in the 'author contributions' section.; We would like to acknowledge the assistance of the WHO Secretariat over the life of the FERG initiative, particularly Claudia Stein, Tanja Kuchenmuller, Amy Cawthorne, Yuki Minato, Tim Corrigan, Kurt Straif (IARC), Philippe Verger, Arve Lee Willingham and Danilo Lo Fo Wong. We acknowledge the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Seattle, WA, USA) for providing data on the global burden of selected diseases. The European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Solna, Sweden) supported the work by providing their outcome trees and sponsoring a study on disability weights. The findings and conclusions of this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views, decisions or policies of the World Health Organization, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Government or other institutions listed. FJA and DC are employees of the US Government. This work was part of their official duties. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 3 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0142498 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0142498 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX9QI UT WOS:000366040000006 PM 26633883 ER PT J AU Lake, RJ Devleesschauwer, B Nasinyama, G Havelaar, AH Kuchenmuller, T Haagsma, JA Jensen, HH Jessani, N de Noordhout, CM Angulo, FJ Ehiri, JE Molla, L Agaba, F Aungkulanon, S Kumagai, Y Speybroeck, N AF Lake, Robin J. Devleesschauwer, Brecht Nasinyama, George Havelaar, Arie H. Kuchenmueller, Tanja Haagsma, Juanita A. Jensen, Helen H. Jessani, Nasreen de Noordhout, Charline Maertens Angulo, Frederick J. Ehiri, John E. Molla, Lindita Agaba, Friday Aungkulanon, Suchunya Kumagai, Yuko Speybroeck, Niko TI National Studies as a Component of the World Health Organization Initiative to Estimate the Global and Regional Burden of Foodborne Disease SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ALBANIA AB Background The World Health Organization (WHO) initiative to estimate the global burden of foodborne diseases established the Foodborne Diseases Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (FERG) in 2007. In addition to global and regional estimates, the initiative sought to promote actions at a national level. This involved capacity building through national foodborne disease burden studies, and encouragement of the use of burden information in setting evidence-informed policies. To address these objectives a FERG Country Studies Task Force was established and has developed a suite of tools and resources to facilitate national burden of foodborne disease studies. This paper describes the process and lessons learned during the conduct of pilot country studies under the WHO FERG initiative. Findings Pilot country studies were initiated in Albania, Japan and Thailand in 2011 and in Uganda in 2012. A brief description of each study is provided. The major scientific issue is a lack of data, particularly in relation to disease etiology, and attribution of disease burden to foodborne transmission. Situation analysis, knowledge translation, and risk communication to achieve evidence-informed policies require specialist expertise and resources. Conclusions The FERG global and regional burden estimates will greatly enhance the ability of individual countries to fill data gaps and generate national estimates to support efforts to reduce the burden of foodborne disease. C1 [Lake, Robin J.] Inst Environm Sci & Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht] Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Virol Parasitol & Immunol, Merelbeke, Belgium. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht] Inst Trop Med, Dept Biomed Sci, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht; de Noordhout, Charline Maertens; Speybroeck, Niko] Catholic Univ Louvain, Fac Publ Hlth, Inst Hlth & Soc, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht; Havelaar, Arie H.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL USA. [Nasinyama, George] Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda. [Kuchenmueller, Tanja] WHO Reg Off Europe, Div Informat Evidence Res & Innovat, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Haagsma, Juanita A.] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Jensen, Helen H.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Jessani, Nasreen] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Hlth Protect, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ehiri, John E.] Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. [Molla, Lindita] Inst Publ Hlth, Hlth & Environm Dept, Food Safety & Nutr Sect, Tirana, Albania. [Agaba, Friday] Minist Hlth, Natl Drug Author, Kampala, Uganda. [Aungkulanon, Suchunya] Minist Publ Hlth, Int Hlth Policy Program, Bangkok, Thailand. [Kumagai, Yuko] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Vet Med Sci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Lake, RJ (reprint author), Inst Environm Sci & Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM rob.lake@esr.cri.nz OI Jensen, Helen/0000-0001-6878-1729 FU World Health Organization (WHO) FX This study was commissioned and paid for by the World Health Organization (WHO). Copyright in the original work on which this article is based belongs to WHO. The authors have been given permission to publish this article. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript, apart from Tanja Kuchenmuller who is an employee of WHO and participated in the country studies described in the article, and the writing. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 3 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0140319 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0140319 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX9QI UT WOS:000366040000001 PM 26633010 ER PT J AU Pires, SM Fischer-Walker, CL Lanata, CF Devleesschauwer, B Hall, AJ Kirk, MD Duarte, ASR Black, RE Angulo, FJ AF Pires, Sara M. Fischer-Walker, Christa L. Lanata, Claudio F. Devleesschauwer, Brecht Hall, Aron J. Kirk, Martyn D. Duarte, Ana S. R. Black, Robert E. Angulo, Frederick J. TI Aetiology-Specific Estimates of the Global and Regional Incidence and Mortality of Diarrhoeal Diseases Commonly Transmitted through Food SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FOODBORNE ILLNESS; UNSPECIFIED AGENTS; BURDEN; INFECTIONS; PATHOGENS; CHILDREN AB Background Diarrhoeal diseases are major contributors to the global burden of disease, particularly in children. However, comprehensive estimates of the incidence and mortality due to specific aetiologies of diarrhoeal diseases are not available. The objective of this study is to provide estimates of the global and regional incidence and mortality of diarrhoeal diseases caused by nine pathogens that are commonly transmitted through foods. Methods and Findings We abstracted data from systematic reviews and, depending on the overall mortality rates of the country, applied either a national incidence estimate approach or a modified Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) approach to estimate the aetiology-specific incidence and mortality of diarrhoeal diseases, by age and region. The nine diarrhoeal diseases assessed caused an estimated 1.8 billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.1-3.3 billion) cases and 599,000 (95% UI 472,000-802,000) deaths worldwide in 2010. The largest number of cases were caused by norovirus (677 million; 95% UI 468-1,153 million), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (233 million; 95% UI 154-380 million), Shigella spp. (188 million; 95% UI 94-379 million) and Giardia lamblia (179 million; 95% UI 125-263); the largest number of deaths were caused by norovirus (213,515; 95% UI 171,783-266,561), enteropathogenic E. coli (121,455; 95% UI 103,657-143,348), ETEC (73,041; 95% UI 55,474-96,984) and Shigella (64,993; 95% UI 48,966-92,357). There were marked regional differences in incidence and mortality for these nine diseases. Nearly 40% of cases and 43% of deaths caused by these nine diarrhoeal diseases occurred in children under five years of age. Conclusions Diarrhoeal diseases caused by these nine pathogens are responsible for a large disease burden, particularly in children. These aetiology-specific burden estimates can inform efforts to reduce diarrhoeal diseases caused by these nine pathogens commonly transmitted through foods. C1 [Pires, Sara M.; Duarte, Ana S. R.] Danish Tech Univ, Natl Food Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Fischer-Walker, Christa L.; Black, Robert E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lanata, Claudio F.] Inst Invest Nutr, Lima, Peru. [Lanata, Claudio F.] US Naval Med Res Unit 6, Callao, Peru. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht] Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Merelbeke, Belgium. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht] Catholic Univ Louvain, Fac Publ Hlth, Inst Hlth & Soc IRSS, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht] Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Hall, Aron J.; Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kirk, Martyn D.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Pires, SM (reprint author), Danish Tech Univ, Natl Food Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. EM smpi@food.dtu.dk FU World Health Organization under the Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) FX The World Health Organization funded this study under the Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group through contributions from member states and international agencies. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who funded Dr. Claudio E. Lanata, Dr. Christa Fisher-Walker and Dr. Robert E. Black through the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG).; The World Health Organization funded this study under the Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group through contributions from member states and international agencies. We would also like to acknowledge the support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who funded Dr. Claudio E. Lanata, Dr. Christa Fisher-Walker and Prof. Robert E. Black through the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG). NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 3 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0142927 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0142927 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX9QI UT WOS:000366040000007 PM 26632843 ER PT J AU Xie, YH Tan, Y Chongsuvivatwong, V Wu, XH Bi, FY Hadler, SC Jiraphongsa, C Sornsrivichai, V Lin, M Quan, Y AF Xie, Yihong Tan, Yi Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi Wu, Xinghua Bi, Fuyin Hadler, Stephen C. Jiraphongsa, Chuleeporn Sornsrivichai, Vorasith Lin, Mei Quan, Yi TI A Population-Based Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis Syndromes Surveillance in Guangxi, China, May 2007-June 2012 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS; GLOBAL BURDEN; CHILDREN; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MEASLES AB Objectives Acute meningitis and encephalitis (AME) are common diseases with the main pathogens being viruses and bacteria. As specific treatments are different, it is important to develop clinical prediction rules to distinguish aseptic from bacterial or fungal infection. In this study we evaluated the incidence rates, seasonal variety and the main etiologic agents of AME, and identified factors that could be used to predict the etiologic agents. Methods A population-based AME syndrome surveillance system was set up in Guigang City, Guangxi, involving 12 hospitals serving the study communities. All patients meeting the case definition were investigated. Blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid were tested for bacterial pathogens using culture or RT-PCR and serological tests for viruses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Laboratory testing variables were grouped using factor analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict the etiology of AME. Results From May 2007 to June 2012, the annual incidence rate of AME syndrome, and disease specifically caused by Japanese encephalitis (JE), other viruses, bacteria and fungi were 12.55, 0.58, 4.57, 0.45 and 0.14 per 100,000 population, respectively. The top three identified viral etiologic agents were enterovirus, mumps virus, and JE virus, and for bacteria/fungi were Streptococcus sp., Cryptococcus neoformans and Staphylococcus sp. The incidence of JE and other viruses affected younger populations and peaked from April to August. Alteration of consciousness and leukocytosis were more likely to be caused by JE, bacteria and fungi whereas CSF inflammation was associated with bacterial/fungal infection. Conclusions With limited predictive validity of symptoms and signs and routine laboratory tests, specific tests for JE virus, mumps virus and enteroviruses are required to evaluate the immunization impact and plan for further intervention. CSF bacterial culture cannot be omitted in guiding clinical decisions regarding patient treatment. C1 [Xie, Yihong; Tan, Yi; Wu, Xinghua; Bi, Fuyin; Lin, Mei; Quan, Yi] Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg Ctr Dis Prevent & C, Acute Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Nanning, Guangxi, Peoples R China. [Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi; Sornsrivichai, Vorasith] Prince Songkla Univ, Epidemiol Unit, Fac Med, Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand. [Hadler, Stephen C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jiraphongsa, Chuleeporn] Minist Publ Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, IFETP, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Xie, YH (reprint author), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg Ctr Dis Prevent & C, Acute Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Nanning, Guangxi, Peoples R China. EM wallstreetxie@hotmail.com; cvirasak@gmail.com FU AMES Surveillance project, Division of Global Disease Detection and Emergency Response, US CDC; China Ministry of Health and Youth Foundation of Guangxi [011GXNSFB018090]; Guangxi Science and Technology Bureau FX This study was supported by the AMES Surveillance project, Division of Global Disease Detection and Emergency Response, US CDC from 2007 to 2009, and was further supported by the China Ministry of Health and Youth Foundation of Guangxi (project ID: 011GXNSFB018090; http://kjxm.gxsti.net/), grant by Guangxi Science and Technology Bureau since 2010. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 3 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0144366 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144366 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX9QI UT WOS:000366040000082 PM 26633824 ER PT J AU Phillips, A Shroufi, A Vojnov, L Cohn, J Roberts, T Ellman, T Bonner, K Rousseau, C Garnett, G Cambiano, V Nakagawa, F Ford, D Bansi-Matharu, L Miners, A Lundgren, JD Eaton, JW Parkes-Ratanshi, R Katz, Z Maman, D Ford, N Vitoria, M Doherty, M Dowdy, D Nichols, B Murtagh, M Wareham, M Palamountain, KM Musanhu, CC Stevens, W Katzenstein, D Ciaranello, A Barnabas, R Braithwaite, RS Bendavid, E Nathoo, KJ van de Vijver, D Wilson, DP Holmes, C Bershteyn, A Walker, S Raizes, E Jani, I Nelson, LJ Peeling, R Terris-Prestholt, F Murungu, J Mutasa-Apollo, T Hallett, TB Revill, P AF Phillips, Andrew Shroufi, Amir Vojnov, Lara Cohn, Jennifer Roberts, Teri Ellman, Tom Bonner, Kimberly Rousseau, Christine Garnett, Geoff Cambiano, Valentina Nakagawa, Fumiyo Ford, Deborah Bansi-Matharu, Loveleen Miners, Alec Lundgren, Jens D. Eaton, Jeffrey W. Parkes-Ratanshi, Rosalind Katz, Zachary Maman, David Ford, Nathan Vitoria, Marco Doherty, Meg Dowdy, David Nichols, Brooke Murtagh, Maurine Wareham, Meghan Palamountain, Kara M. Musanhu, Christine Chakanyuka Stevens, Wendy Katzenstein, David Ciaranello, Andrea Barnabas, Ruanne Braithwaite, R. Scott Bendavid, Eran Nathoo, Kusum J. van de Vijver, David Wilson, David P. Holmes, Charles Bershteyn, Anna Walker, Simon Raizes, Elliot Jani, Ilesh Nelson, Lisa J. Peeling, Rosanna Terris-Prestholt, Fern Murungu, Joseph Mutasa-Apollo, Tsitsi Hallett, Timothy B. Revill, Paul CA Working Grp Modelling TI Sustainable HIV treatment in Africa through viral-load-informed differentiated care SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DRIED BLOOD SPOTS; RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; CD4 CELL COUNT; STRATALL ANRS 12110/ESTHER; NON-INFERIORITY TRIAL; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; SOUTH-AFRICA; ASSAY AB There are inefficiencies in current approaches to monitoring patients on antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients typically attend clinics every 1 to 3 months for clinical assessment. The clinic costs are comparable with the costs of the drugs themselves and CD4 counts are measured every 6 months, but patients are rarely switched to second-line therapies. To ensure sustainability of treatment programmes, a transition to more cost-effective delivery of antiretroviral therapy is needed. In contrast to the CD4 count, measurement of the level of HIV RNA in plasma (the viral load) provides a direct measure of the current treatment effect. Viral-load-informed differentiated care is a means of tailoring care so that those with suppressed viral load visit the clinic less frequently and attention is focussed on those with unsuppressed viral load to promote adherence and timely switching to a second-line regimen. The most feasible approach to measuring viral load in many countries is to collect dried blood spot samples for testing in regional laboratories; however, there have been concerns over the sensitivity and specificity of this approach to define treatment failure and the delay in returning results to the clinic. We use modelling to synthesize evidence and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of viral-load-informed differentiated care, accounting for limitations of dried blood sample testing. We find that viral-load-informed differentiated care using dried blood sample testing is cost-effective and is a recommended strategy for patient monitoring, although further empirical evidence as the approach is rolled out would be of value. We also explore the potential benefits of point-of-care viral load tests that may become available in the future. C1 [Phillips, Andrew; Cambiano, Valentina; Nakagawa, Fumiyo; Bansi-Matharu, Loveleen] UCL, Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London NW3 2PF, England. [Shroufi, Amir; Ellman, Tom; Maman, David] Medecinssans Frontieres MSF SA, SAMU, ZA-7700 Cape Town, South Africa. [Vojnov, Lara; Katz, Zachary; Wareham, Meghan] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Boston, MA 02127 USA. [Cohn, Jennifer; Roberts, Teri] Med Sans Frontieres, Access Campaign, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bonner, Kimberly] Med Sans Frontieres, CH-1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland. [Rousseau, Christine; Garnett, Geoff] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. [Ford, Deborah] UCL, Inst Clin Trials & Methodol, MRC Clin Trials Unit, London WC2B 6NH, England. [Miners, Alec] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Serv Res & Policy, London WC1H 9SY, England. [Lundgren, Jens D.] Univ Copenhagen, Rigshosp, Dept Infect Dis, CHIP, DK-92100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Eaton, Jeffrey W.; Hallett, Timothy B.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. [Parkes-Ratanshi, Rosalind] Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, IDI, Kampala, Uganda. [Ford, Nathan; Vitoria, Marco; Doherty, Meg] WHO, HIV AIDS & Global Hepatitis Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Dowdy, David] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Nichols, Brooke; van de Vijver, David] Erasmus MC, Dept Virosci, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Murtagh, Maurine] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Int Diagnost Ctr, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Palamountain, Kara M.] Northwestern Univ, Kellogg Sch Management, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Musanhu, Christine Chakanyuka] WHO Country Off, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Stevens, Wendy] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Mol Med & Haematol, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Katzenstein, David] Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ciaranello, Andrea] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Barnabas, Ruanne] Univ Washington, Med Global Hlth & Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Braithwaite, R. Scott] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Populat Hlth, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Bendavid, Eran] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Div Gen Med Disciplines, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nathoo, Kusum J.] Univ Zimbabwe, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Wilson, David P.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Holmes, Charles] Ctr Infect Dis Res Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. [Bershteyn, Anna] Inst Dis Modeling, Bellevue, WA 98005 USA. [Walker, Simon; Revill, Paul] Univ York, Ctr Hlth Econ, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Raizes, Elliot] CDC, Care & Treatment Branch, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS GAP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jani, Ilesh] Minist Hlth, INS, Maputo, Mozambique. [Nelson, Lisa J.] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator & Hlth Diplomacy S, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Peeling, Rosanna] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Terris-Prestholt, Fern] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London WC1H 9SH, England. [Murungu, Joseph; Mutasa-Apollo, Tsitsi] Minist Hlth & Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Phillips, A (reprint author), UCL, Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PF, England. EM andrew.phillips@ucl.ac.uk RI Phillips, Andrew/B-4427-2008; Garnett, Geoffrey/A-9312-2008; OI Phillips, Andrew/0000-0003-2384-4807; Nakagawa, Fumiyo/0000-0002-6646-8744; Lundgren, Jens/0000-0001-8901-7850; Eaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7728-728X FU HIV Modelling Consortium; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; World Health Organization; HIV Diagnostics Modelling Consortium; Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF:126] FX Funding for the study was received from the HIV Modelling Consortium, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the World Health Organization and the HIV Diagnostics Modelling Consortium. We are grateful for the use of cluster computing facilities at UCL, Legion@UCL, without which this work would not have been possible. J. L. is supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF:126). NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 3 PY 2015 VL 528 IS 7580 BP S68 EP S76 DI 10.1038/nature16046 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX3NO UT WOS:000365606000013 ER PT J AU Frieden, TR Foti, KE Mermin, J AF Frieden, Thomas R. Foti, Kathryn E. Mermin, Jonathan TI Applying Public Health Principles to the HIV Epidemic - How Are We Doing? SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEW-YORK-CITY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; SAN-FRANCISCO; INFECTION; NOTIFICATION; BEHAVIORS; THERAPY C1 [Frieden, Thomas R.; Foti, Kathryn E.; Mermin, Jonathan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Frieden, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 3 PY 2015 VL 373 IS 23 BP 2281 EP 2287 DI 10.1056/NEJMms1513641 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CX5LM UT WOS:000365743100015 PM 26624243 ER PT J AU Lu, PJ O'Halloran, A Ding, H Greby, SM Williams, WW AF Lu, Peng-jun O'Halloran, Alissa Ding, Helen Greby, Stacie M. Williams, Walter W. TI Current status and uptake of influenza vaccination over time among senior adults in the United States SO HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE influenza; influenza vaccination; vaccination coverage; senior adults AB Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults in the United States, who may also have chronic medical conditions that place them at high risk for complications from influenza. The U.S. Public Health Service recommended influenza vaccination of adults 65 y and chronically ill persons since 1961 and beginning with the 2010-11 influenza season, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has expanded its recommendation to vaccinate all persons 6 months of age and older. Medicare coverage for influenza vaccination began in 1993. However, despite the presence of a safe and effective vaccine, long-standing recommendations on vaccination, and federal financial support for vaccination, vaccination levels among adults 65 y are not optimal. Studies have shown that influenza vaccination coverage among U.S. adults 65 y steadily increased from 30.1% in 1989 to 64.2% in 1997, but plateaued near 65% from 1998 to 2013. Increasing influenza vaccination coverage among older adults in the United States will require more cooperation among health-care providers, professional organizations, vaccine manufacturers, and public health departments to raise public awareness about the benefits of influenza vaccination and to ensure continued administration of vaccinations throughout the influenza season. C1 [Lu, Peng-jun; O'Halloran, Alissa; Ding, Helen; Greby, Stacie M.; Williams, Walter W.] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Lu, PJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM plu@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2164-5515 EI 2164-554X J9 HUM VACC IMMUNOTHER JI Human Vaccines Immunother. PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2849 EP 2851 DI 10.1080/21645515.2015.1075108 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA CZ4IM UT WOS:000367066700027 PM 26697974 ER PT J AU Moro, PL McNeil, MM Sukumaran, L Broder, KR AF Moro, Pedro L. McNeil, Michael M. Sukumaran, Lakshmi Broder, Karen R. TI The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's public health response to monitoring Tdap safety in pregnant women in the United States SO HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE epidemiology; pregnancy; surveillance; Tdap; vaccine safety ID EVENT-REPORTING-SYSTEM; INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINE; ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; OBSTETRIC EVENTS; IMMUNIZATION-SAFETY; TETANUS-DIPHTHERIA; ADVERSE EVENTS; DATALINK; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; OUTCOMES AB In 2010, in response to a widespread pertussis outbreak and neonatal deaths, California became the first state to recommend routine administration of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine during pregnancy. In 2011, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) followed with a similar recommendation for Tdap vaccination during pregnancy for previously unvaccinated women. In 2012, this recommendation was expanded to include Tdap vaccination of every pregnant woman during each pregnancy. These recommendations were based on urgent public health needs and available evidence on the safety of other inactivated vaccines during pregnancy. However, there were limited data on the safety of Tdap during pregnancy. In response to the new ACIP recommendations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) implemented ongoing collaborative studies to evaluate whether vaccination with Tdap during pregnancy adversely affects the health of mothers and their offspring and provide the committee with regular updates. The current commentary describes the public health actions taken by CDC to respond to the ACIP recommendation to study and monitor the safety of Tdap vaccines in pregnant women and describes the current state of knowledge on the safety of Tdap vaccines in pregnant women. Data from the various monitoring activities support the safety of Tdap use during pregnancy. C1 [Moro, Pedro L.; McNeil, Michael M.; Sukumaran, Lakshmi; Broder, Karen R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Moro, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM pmoro@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI074492, T32AI074492] NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2164-5515 EI 2164-554X J9 HUM VACC IMMUNOTHER JI Human Vaccines Immunother. PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2872 EP 2879 DI 10.1080/21645515.2015.1072664 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA CZ4IM UT WOS:000367066700030 PM 26378718 ER PT J AU Chan, MPL Weinhold, RS Thomas, R Gohlke, JM Portier, CJ AF Chan, Melissa P. L. Weinhold, Robert S. Thomas, Reuben Gohlke, Julia M. Portier, Christopher J. TI Environmental Predictors of US County Mortality Patterns on a National Basis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; SELF-RATED HEALTH; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; LIFE EXPECTANCY; INCOME INEQUALITY; RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS AB A growing body of evidence has found that mortality rates are positively correlated with social inequalities, air pollution, elevated ambient temperature, availability of medical care and other factors. This study develops a model to predict the mortality rates for different diseases by county across the US. The model is applied to predict changes in mortality caused by changing environmental factors. A total of 3,110 counties in the US, excluding Alaska and Hawaii, were studied. A subset of 519 counties from the 3,110 counties was chosen by using systematic random sampling and these samples were used to validate the model. Step-wise and linear regression analyses were used to estimate the ability of environmental pollutants, socio-economic factors and other factors to explain variations in county-specific mortality rates for cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), all causes combined and lifespan across five population density groups. The estimated models fit adequately for all mortality outcomes for all population density groups and, adequately predicted risks for the 519 validation counties. This study suggests that, at local county levels, average ozone (0.07 ppm) is the most important environmental predictor of mortality. The analysis also illustrates the complex inter-relationships of multiple factors that influence mortality and lifespan, and suggests the need for a better understanding of the pathways through which these factors, mortality, and lifespan are related at the community level. C1 [Chan, Melissa P. L.] So Illinois Univ, Environm Sci Program, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Thomas, Reuben] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA USA. [Gohlke, Julia M.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Portier, Christopher J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Portier, Christopher J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chan, MPL (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Environm Sci Program, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. EM pchan@siue.edu OI Gohlke, Julia/0000-0002-6984-2893 NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0137832 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0137832 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX8BI UT WOS:000365926300001 PM 26629706 ER PT J AU Barcelo, A Gregg, EW Wong-McClure, R Meiners, M Ramirez-Zea, M Segovia, J AF Barcelo, A. Gregg, E. W. Wong-McClure, R. Meiners, M. Ramirez-Zea, M. Segovia, J. TI Total adult cardiovascular risk in Central America SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Risk factors; cardiovascular diseases; population; obesity; diabetes mellitus; Central America ID HEALTH; PREVENTION; PREDICTION; COUNTRIES; DISEASE AB Objective. To evaluate prevalence of cardiovascular risk among adults 40 years and older using population-based samples from six Central American countries. Methods. Risk factors were derived from a multi-national cross-sectional survey implemented in 2003-2006, which included a sample of 4 202 participants aged 40 years and older. Charts produced by the World Health Organization and the International Society of Hypertension for the Region of the Americas sub-region B were used to predict risk on the basis of factors including age, sex, blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, smoking status, and diabetes status. Results. Overall, 85.9% of the population was classified as having < 10% risk for cardiovascular events during the following ten years. The likelihood of being in this risk group decreased with age in both males and females. Four percent of respondents were identified as having > 20% risk. More than 75% of those with a 30-40% risk had previously been identified by health services, and an additional 23% were identified during the study, suggesting they could be diagnosed by opportunistic screening for diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Results of bivariate analysis showed that respondents who were male, older, obese and/or less educated had higher risk for cardiovascular events, but a multivariate analysis including education indicated highest risks for older, obese, and less educated females. Conclusions. Measuring cardiovascular disease risk identifies most cases of (or at risk for) -diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia among adults 40 years and older. This strategy can facilitate implementation of control programs and decrease disabilities and premature mortality. C1 [Barcelo, A.; Segovia, J.] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Dept Chron Dis & Mental Hlth, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Gregg, E. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wong-McClure, R.] Off Epidemiol & Surveillance, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Meiners, M.] Univ Brasilia, Fac Ceilandia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Ramirez-Zea, M.] Inst Nutr Cent Amer & Panama INCAP, Res Ctr Prevent Chron Dis CIIPEC, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Barcelo, A (reprint author), Pan Amer Hlth Org, Dept Chron Dis & Mental Hlth, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM barceloa@paho.org NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD DEC PY 2015 VL 38 IS 6 BP 464 EP 471 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DT2ZD UT WOS:000381349400005 PM 27440094 ER PT J AU Blanton, JD Wallace, RM AF Blanton, Jesse D. Wallace, Ryan M. TI The Ancient Curse: Rabies SO MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ELIMINATION; PREVENTION AB A review of the global burden of rabies and the risk of exposure from leisure activities. C1 [Blanton, Jesse D.; Wallace, Ryan M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Blanton, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM asi5@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA EI 2165-0497 J9 MICROBIOL SPECTR JI Microbiol. Spectr. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 3 IS 6 AR UNSP IOL5-0018-2015 DI 10.1128/microbiolspec.IOL5-0018-2015 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DT9FD UT WOS:000381800300006 ER PT J AU Dunn, JR Behravesh, CB Angulo, FJ AF Dunn, John R. Behravesh, Casey Barton Angulo, Frederick J. TI Diseases Transmitted by Domestic Livestock: Perils of the Petting Zoo SO MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM LA English DT Article ID CONTACT AB Petting zoo venues encourage or permit public contact with animals which provide opportunities for education and entertainment. These venues vary but are common at county or state fairs, zoos, and aquariums. In addition to these common petting zoo settings, animals are present in many other venues where the public is permitted to contact them and their environment. Thus, humans may have contact with animals in a wide range of settings, and transmission of infectious diseases from animals to humans may occur at any of these venues, creating perils associated with petting zoos. There are many considerations when evaluating perils associated with the wide range of venues where animal contact can occur. First, many venues or events draw large numbers of people; some operate during a short time frame, while others, such as zoos and aquariums, operate year round. Second, petting zoos and other animal contact venues are particularly popular with children, who compared with adults, commonly have less stringent hygienic practices and are more susceptible to severe disease outcomes. Finally, there is remarkable variability in the physical layout of venues that permit animal contact and in the types of animals that may be contacted. Animal contact areas range from well-designed permanent exhibits targeting risk reduction to various temporary or seasonal exhibits established without detailed planning. Many petting zoos house only small ruminant species such as sheep and goats, but other venues house a wide variety of mammalian species, exotic animals, poultry and other avian species, reptiles and amphibians, and aquatic animals. C1 [Dunn, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Communicable & Environm Dis & Emergency Preparedn, Tennessee Dept Hlth, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Behravesh, Casey Barton] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Hlth Protect, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dunn, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Communicable & Environm Dis & Emergency Preparedn, Tennessee Dept Hlth, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM john.dunn@tn.us NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA EI 2165-0497 J9 MICROBIOL SPECTR JI Microbiol. Spectr. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 3 IS 6 AR UNSP IOL5-0017-2015 DI 10.1128/microbiolspec.IOL5-0017-2015 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DT9FD UT WOS:000381800300005 ER PT J AU Kishimba, RS Mpembeni, R Mghamba, JM Goodman, D Valencia, D AF Kishimba, Rogath Saika Mpembeni, Rose Mghamba, Janneth M. Goodman, David Valencia, Diana TI Birth prevalence of selected external structural birth defects at four hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 2011-2012 SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; SOUTH-AFRICAN BLACKS; FOLIC-ACID; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; PREGNANCY; SUPPLEMENTATION; FORTIFICATION; STILLBIRTHS; INFANTS AB Background 94% of all birth defects (BD) and 95% of deaths due to the BD occur in low and middle income countries, many of which are preventable. In Tanzania, there is currently a paucity of BD data necessary to develop data informed prevention activities. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of deliveries identified with BD in the labor ward registers at four Dar es Salaam hospitals between October, 2011 and February, 2012. The birth prevalence of structural BD, case fatality proportion, and the distribution of structural defects associated deaths within total deaths were calculated. Results A total of 28 217 resident births were encountered during the study period. Overall birth prevalence of selected defects was 28.3/10 000 live births. Neural tube defects and indeterminate sex were the most and least common defects at birth (9.9 and 1.1/10 000 live births, respectively). Among stillbirths (66.7%) and deaths that occurred within less than 5 days of an affected live birth (18.5%), neural tube defects were the most frequently associated structural defect. Conclusion Structural BD is common and contributes to perinatal mortality in Dar es Salaam. More than half of perinatal deaths encountered among the studied selected external structural BD are associated with neural tube defects, a birth defect with well-established evidence based prevention interventions. By establishing a population-based BD surveillance program, Tanzania would have the information about neural tube defects and other major structural BD needed to develop and monitor prevention activities. C1 [Kishimba, Rogath Saika; Mghamba, Janneth M.] Tanzania Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Tanzania Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Programme, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mpembeni, Rose] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Goodman, David; Valencia, Diana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kishimba, RS (reprint author), POB 77784, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. EM rogatkishimba@yahoo.ca FU Tanzania Ministry of Health (MoHSW); Tanzania - Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Program (TFELTP); Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS); CDC-Tanzania FX Tanzania Ministry of Health (MoHSW), Tanzania - Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Program (TFELTP), Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), and CDC-Tanzania. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV EDINBURGH, GLOBAL HEALTH SOC PI EDINBURGH PA CENTRE POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES, TEVIOT PL, EDINBURGH, EH8 9AG, ENGLAND SN 2047-2978 EI 2047-2986 J9 J GLOB HEALTH JI J. Glob. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 IS 2 BP 149 EP 154 AR 020411 DI 10.7189/jogh.05.020411 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DI9WJ UT WOS:000373853100016 PM 26361541 ER PT J AU Shi, T Balsells, E Wastnedge, E Singleton, R Rasmussen, ZA Zar, HJ Rath, BA Madhi, SA Campbell, S Vaccari, LC Bulkow, LR Thomas, ED Barnett, W Hoppe, C Campbell, H Nair, H AF Shi, Ting Balsells, Evelyn Wastnedge, Elizabeth Singleton, Rosalyn Rasmussen, Zeba A. Zar, Heather J. Rath, Barbara A. Madhi, Shabir A. Campbell, Stuart Vaccari, Linda Cheyenne Bulkow, Lisa R. Thomas, Elizabeth D. Barnett, Whitney Hoppe, Christian Campbell, Harry Nair, Harish TI Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus associated with acute lower respiratory infection in children under five years: Systematic review and meta-analysis SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Review ID CLINICAL-PREDICTION RULE; CHILDHOOD PNEUMONIA; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; TRACT INFECTIONS; AFRICAN CHILDREN; RURAL ALASKA; BRONCHIOLITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIARRHEA; INFANTS AB Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen identified in young children with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) as well as an important cause of hospital admission. The high incidence of RSV infection and its potential severe outcome make it important to identify and prioritise children who are at higher risk of developing RSV-associated ALRI. We aimed to identify risk factors for RSV-associated ALRI in young children. Methods We carried out a systematic literature review across 4 databases and obtained unpublished studies from RSV Global Epidemiology Network (RSV GEN) collaborators. Quality of all eligible studies was assessed according to modified GRADE criteria. We conducted meta-analyses to estimate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for individual risk factors. Results We identified 20 studies (3 were unpublished data) with "good quality" that investigated 18 risk factors for RSV-associated ALRI in children younger than five years old. Among them, 8 risk factors were significantly associated with RSV-associated ALRI. The meta-estimates of their odds ratio (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) are prematurity 1.96 (95% CI 1.44-2.67), low birth weight 1.91 (95% CI 1.45-2.53), being male 1.23 (95% CI 1.13-1.33), having siblings 1.60 (95% CI 1.32-1.95), maternal smoking 1.36 (95% CI 1.24-1.50), history of atopy 1.47 (95% CI 1.16-1.87), no breastfeeding 2.24 (95% CI 1.56-3.20) and crowding 1.94 (95% CI 1.29-2.93). Although there were insufficient studies available to generate a meta-estimate for HIV, all articles (irrespective of quality scores) reported significant associations between HIV and RSV-associated ALRI. Conclusions This study presents a comprehensive report of the strength of association between various socio-demographic risk factors and RSV-associated ALRI in young children. Some of these amenable risk factors are similar to those that have been identified for (all cause) ALRI and thus, in addition to the future impact of novel RSV vaccines, national action against ALRI risk factors as part of national control programmes can be expected to reduce burden of disease from RSV. Further research which identifies, accesses and analyses additional unpublished RSV data sets could further improve the precision of these estimates. C1 [Shi, Ting; Balsells, Evelyn; Wastnedge, Elizabeth; Vaccari, Linda Cheyenne; Campbell, Harry; Nair, Harish] Univ Edinburgh, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Singleton, Rosalyn; Bulkow, Lisa R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Arctic Invest Program, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, NCEZID, Anchorage, AK USA. [Singleton, Rosalyn] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. [Rasmussen, Zeba A.; Thomas, Elizabeth D.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Zar, Heather J.; Barnett, Whitney] Univ Cape Town, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Red Cross War Mem Childrens Hosp, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Zar, Heather J.; Barnett, Whitney] Univ Cape Town, MRC Unit Child & Adolescent Hlth, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Rath, Barbara A.; Hoppe, Christian] Charite, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Madhi, Shabir A.] Univ Witwatersrand, MRC, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Madhi, Shabir A.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Sci & Technol, Natl Res Fdn Vaccine Preventable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Madhi, Shabir A.] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr Resp Dis & Meningitis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Campbell, Harry] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Populat Hlth Sci, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Campbell, Stuart; Nair, Harish] Univ Edinburgh, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat, Med Informat Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Nair, Harish] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India. RP Nair, H (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Old Med Sch, Teviot Pl, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, Scotland. EM harish.nair@ed.ac.uk RI Nair, Harish/E-7431-2010 OI Nair, Harish/0000-0002-9432-9100 FU China Scholarship Council; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1088499, OPP1096225] FX TS is supported by a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council. HC and HN have received grant funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1088499 and OPP1096225) for this work. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU UNIV EDINBURGH, GLOBAL HEALTH SOC PI EDINBURGH PA CENTRE POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES, TEVIOT PL, EDINBURGH, EH8 9AG, ENGLAND SN 2047-2978 EI 2047-2986 J9 J GLOB HEALTH JI J. Glob. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 IS 2 BP 203 EP 215 AR UNSP 020416 DI 10.7189/jogh.05.020416 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DI9WJ UT WOS:000373853100021 PM 26682048 ER PT J AU Saha, S Pandey, BG Choudekar, A Krishnan, A Gerber, SI Rai, SK Singh, P Chadha, M Lal, RB Broor, S AF Saha, Siddhartha Pandey, Bharti Gaur Choudekar, Avinash Krishnan, Anand Gerber, Susan I. Rai, Sanjay K. Singh, Pratibha Chadha, Mandeep Lal, Renu B. Broor, Shobha TI Evaluation of case definitions for estimation of respiratory syncytial virus associated hospitalizations among children in a rural community of northern India SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID THAN 5 YEARS; TRACT INFECTIONS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; PNEUMONIA; INFLUENZA; COUNTRIES; INDONESIA; ETIOLOGY AB Background The burden estimation studies for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have been based on varied case definitions, including case-definitions designed for influenza surveillance systems. We used all medical admissions among children aged 0-59 months to study the effect of case definitions on estimation of RSV-associated hospitalizations rates. Methods The hospital-based daily surveillance enrolled children aged 0-59 months admitted with acute medical conditions from July 2009-December 2012, from a well-defined rural population in Ballabgarh in northern India. All study participants were examined and nasal and throat swabs taken for testing by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for RSV and influenza virus. Clinical data were used to retrospectively evaluate World Health Organization (WHO) case definitions (2011) commonly used for surveillance of respiratory pathogens, ie, acute respiratory illness (WHO-ARI), severe ARI (SARI) and influenza-like illness (ILI), for determination of RSV-associated hospitalization. RSV-associated hospitalization rates adjusted for admissions at non-study hospitals were calculated. Findings Out of 505 children enrolled, 82 (16.2%) tested positive for RSV. Annual incidence rates of RSV-associated hospitalization per 1000 children were highest among infants aged 0-5 months (15.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.3-26.8), followed by ages 6-23 months (5.3, 95% CI 3.2-8.7) and lowest among children 24-59 months (0.5, 95% CI 0.1-1.5). The RSV positive children were more likely to have signs of respiratory distress like wheeze, chest in-drawing, tachypnea, and crepitation compared to RSV-negative based on bivariate comparisons. Other less commonly seen signs of respiratory distress, ie, nasal flaring, grunting, accessory muscle usage were also significantly associated with being RSV positive. Compared to the estimated RSV hospitalization rate based on all medical hospitalizations, the WHO-ARI case definition captured 86% of the total incidence, while case definitions requiring fever like ILI and SARI underestimated the incidence by 50-80%. Conclusions: Our study suggests that RSV is a substantial cause of hospitalization among children aged <24 months especially those aged <6 months. The WHO-ARI case definition appeared to be the most suitable screening definition for RSV surveillance because of its high sensitivity. C1 [Saha, Siddhartha; Lal, Renu B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Programme, New Delhi, India. [Pandey, Bharti Gaur; Singh, Pratibha] Manav Rachna Int Univ, Faridabad, India. [Choudekar, Avinash; Broor, Shobha] AIIMS INCLEN Collaborat Influenza Project, New Delhi, India. [Krishnan, Anand; Rai, Sanjay K.] All India Inst Med Sci, Ctr Community Med, New Delhi, India. [Gerber, Susan I.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Pathogen Branch, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chadha, Mandeep] Natl Inst Virol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Saha, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza, New Delhi 110021, India. EM ssaha1@cdc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control [1U01IP000206]; National Institute of Virology, Pune [1U01IP000206] FX This study was funded through cooperative agreement 1U01IP000206 between the US Centers for Disease Control and the National Institute of Virology, Pune. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV EDINBURGH, GLOBAL HEALTH SOC PI EDINBURGH PA CENTRE POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES, TEVIOT PL, EDINBURGH, EH8 9AG, ENGLAND SN 2047-2978 EI 2047-2986 J9 J GLOB HEALTH JI J. Glob. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 IS 2 BP 233 EP 241 AR 020419 DI 10.7189/jogh.05.020419 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DI9WJ UT WOS:000373853100024 PM 26649172 ER PT J AU Kimble, GH Hill, VR Amburgey, JE AF Kimble, Gina H. Hill, Vincent R. Amburgey, James E. TI Evaluation of alternative DNA extraction processes and real-time PCR for detecting Cryptosporidium parvum in drinking water SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-WATER SUPPLY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; real-time PCR; tap water; ultrafiltration ID HOLLOW-FIBER ULTRAFILTRATION; CELL CULTURE-PCR; SIMULTANEOUS RECOVERY; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; PROTOZOAN PARASITES; DIVERSE MICROBES; OOCYSTS; SURFACE; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAKS AB USEPA Method 1623 is the standard method in the United States for the detection of Cryptosporidium in water samples, but quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is an alternative technique that has been successfully used to detect Cryptosporidium in aqueous matrices. This study examined various modifications to a commercial nucleic acid extraction procedure in order to enhance PCR detection sensitivity for Cryptosporidium. An alternative DNA extraction buffer allowed for qPCR detection at lower seed levels than a commercial extraction kit buffer. In addition, the use of a second spin column cycle produced significantly better detection (P = 0.031), and the volume of Tris-EDTA buffer significantly affected crossing threshold values (P = 0.001). The improved extraction procedure was evaluated using 10 L of tap water samples processed by ultrafiltration, centrifugation and immunomagnetic separation. Mean recovery for the sample processing method was determined to be 41% using microscopy and 49% by real-time PCR (P = 0.013). The results of this study demonstrate that real-time PCR can be an effective alternative for detecting and quantifying Cryptosporidium parvum in drinking water samples. C1 [Kimble, Gina H.] Charlotte Water, 4222 Westmont Dr, Charlotte, NC 28217 USA. [Kimble, Gina H.; Amburgey, James E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Hill, Vincent R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Water Sanitat & Hyg Lab Team, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Kimble, GH (reprint author), Charlotte Water, 4222 Westmont Dr, Charlotte, NC 28217 USA. EM gkimble@charlottenc.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1606-9749 J9 WATER SCI TECH-W SUP JI Water Sci. Technol.-Water Supply PD DEC PY 2015 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1295 EP 1303 DI 10.2166/ws.2015.096 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DJ6EJ UT WOS:000374302500016 ER PT J AU Richardson, MR Johnson, TM Katzmarzyk, PT Ford, ES Boyer, WR Churilla, JR AF Richardson, Michael R. Johnson, Tammie M. Katzmarzyk, Peter T. Ford, Earl S. Boyer, William R. Churilla, James R. TI Gender Differences in C-Reactive Protein and Muscle Strengthening Activity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE inflammation; exercise; resistance training; NHANES ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; INFLAMMATORY MARKERS; BODY-COMPOSITION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SEX-DIFFERENCES; ELDERLY MEN; ASSOCIATION; EXERCISE; ADULTS AB Background: Few studies have examined the gender differences between C-reactive protein (CRP) and muscle strengthening activity (MSA). Methods: The sample (n = 7533) included U.S. adult (>= 20 years of age).participants in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Created categories of MSA participation included no MSA (referent group), some MSA (>= 1 to <2 days/week), and meeting the 2008 Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) recommendation (>= 2 days/week). The dependent variable was elevated CRP (>3 to 10 mg/L). Results: Analysis revealed significantly lower odds of having elevated CRP for women reporting some MSA (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.44-0.93, P = .0191). Significantly lower odds of men having elevated CRP was observed in those reporting MSA volumes meeting the DHHS recommendation (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.59-0.88, P = .0019). Following adjustment for waist circumference (WC) these odds remained significant in men but not women. Conclusions: These results suggest that WC may mediate the associations between MSA and CRP and this relationship may be stronger in women. C1 [Richardson, Michael R.; Churilla, James R.] Univ N Florida, Dept Clin & Appl Movement Sci, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Johnson, Tammie M.] Univ N Florida, Dept Publ Hlth, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Katzmarzyk, Peter T.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Dept Populat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Ford, Earl S.] Ctr Dis Control, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Boyer, William R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Kinesiol Recreat & Sport Studies, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Richardson, MR (reprint author), Univ N Florida, Dept Clin & Appl Movement Sci, Jacksonville, FL USA. EM m.richardson.136601@unf.edu FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 EI 1543-5474 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1582 EP 1588 DI 10.1123/jpah.2014-0491 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DG9FT UT WOS:000372388900008 PM 26963135 ER PT J AU O'Leary, ST Allison, MA Fisher, A Crane, L Beaty, B Hurley, L Brtnikova, M Jimenez-Zambrano, A Stokley, S Kempe, A AF O'Leary, Sean T. Allison, Mandy A. Fisher, Allison Crane, Lori Beaty, Brenda Hurley, Laura Brtnikova, Michaela Jimenez-Zambrano, Andrea Stokley, Shannon Kempe, Allison TI Characteristics of Physicians Who Dismiss Families for Refusing Vaccines SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID SCHOOL IMMUNIZATION REQUIREMENTS; NONMEDICAL EXEMPTIONS; PROVIDER DISMISSAL; HESITANT FAMILIES; MEASLES OUTBREAK; UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION; CHILDREN; RATES; LAWS AB BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Physicians dismissing families who refuse vaccines from their practices is controversial. We assessed the following among pediatricians (Peds) and family physicians (FPs): (1) reported prevalence of parental refusal of 1 or more vaccines in the infant series; (2) physician response to refusal; and (3) the association between often/always dismissing families and provider/practice characteristics and state exemption laws. METHODS: Nationally representative survey conducted June to October 2012. A multivariable analysis assessed association of often/always dismissing families with physician/practice characteristics, state philosophical exemption policy, and degree of difficulty obtaining nonmedical exemptions. RESULTS: The response rate was 66% (534/815). Overall, 83% of physicians reported that in a typical month, >= 1% of parents refused 1 or more infant vaccines, and 20% reported that.5% of parents refused. Fifty-one percent reported always/often requiring parents to sign a form if they refused (Peds 64%, FP 29%, P<.0001); 21% of Peds and 4% of FPs reported always/often dismissing families if they refused >= 1 vaccine. Peds only were further analyzed because few FPs dismissed families. Peds who dismissed families were more likely to be in private practice (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40-17.19), from the South (aOR 4.07, 95% CI 1.08-15.31), and reside in a state without a philosophical exemption law (aOR 3.70, 95% CI 1.74-7.85). CONCLUSIONS: Almost all physicians encounter parents who refuse infant vaccines. One-fifth of Peds report dismissing families who refuse, but there is substantial variation in this practice. Given the frequency of dismissal, the impact of this practice on vaccine refusers and on pediatric practices should be studied. C1 [O'Leary, Sean T.; Allison, Mandy A.; Crane, Lori; Beaty, Brenda; Hurley, Laura; Brtnikova, Michaela; Jimenez-Zambrano, Andrea; Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado, Adult & Child Ctr Outcomes Res & Delivery Sci, Anschutz Med Campus, Aurora, CO USA. [O'Leary, Sean T.; Allison, Mandy A.; Crane, Lori; Beaty, Brenda; Hurley, Laura; Brtnikova, Michaela; Jimenez-Zambrano, Andrea; Kempe, Allison] Childrens Hosp Colorado, Aurora, CO USA. [Fisher, Allison; Stokley, Shannon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Crane, Lori] Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Behav Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Hurley, Laura] Denver Hlth, Div Gen Internal Med, Denver, CO USA. RP O'Leary, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Mail Stop F443,13199 E Montview Blvd,Ste 300, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM sean.o'leary@childrenscolorado.org FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus [5U48DP001938] FX This investigation was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and administered through the Rocky Mountain Prevention Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (grant 5U48DP001938). NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2015 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1103 EP 1111 DI 10.1542/peds.2015-2086 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA DD9OD UT WOS:000370254400043 PM 26527552 ER PT J AU Dittus, PJ Michael, SL Becasen, JS Gloppen, KM McCarthy, K Guilamo-Ramos, V AF Dittus, Patricia J. Michael, Shannon L. Becasen, Jeffrey S. Gloppen, Kari M. McCarthy, Katharine Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent TI Parental Monitoring and Its Associations With Adolescent Sexual Risk Behavior: A Meta-analysis SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS; INITIATION; COMMUNICATION; INVOLVEMENT; PERSPECTIVES; INTERCOURSE; PEER; HIV AB CONTEXT: Increasingly, health care providers are using approaches targeting parents in an effort to improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Research is needed to elucidate areas in which providers can target adolescents and parents effectively. Parental monitoring offers one such opportunity, given consistent protective associations with adolescent sexual risk behavior. However, less is known about which components of monitoring are most effective and most suitable for provider-initiated family-based interventions. OBJECTIVE: We performed a meta-analysis to assess the magnitude of association between parental monitoring and adolescent sexual intercourse, condom use, and contraceptive use. DATA SOURCES: We conducted searches of Medline, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycInfo, Cochrane, the Education Resources Information Center, Social Services Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Proquest, and Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION: We selected studies published from 1984 to 2014 that were written in English, included adolescents, and examined relationships between parental monitoring and sexual behavior. DATA EXTRACTION: We extracted effect size data to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) by using a mixed-effects model. RESULTS: Higher overall monitoring (pooled OR, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.80), monitoring knowledge (pooled OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73-0.90), and rule enforcement (pooled OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59-0.75) were associated with delayed sexual intercourse. Higher overall monitoring (pooled OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.24) and monitoring knowledge (pooled OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31) were associated with greater condom use. Finally, higher overall monitoring was associated with increased contraceptive use (pooled OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.09-1.86), as was monitoring knowledge (pooled OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.42-3.63). LIMITATIONS: Effect sizes were not uniform across studies, and most studies were cross-sectional. CONCLUSIONS: Provider-initiated family-based interventions focused on parental monitoring represent a novel mechanism for enhancing adolescent sexual and reproductive health. C1 [Dittus, Patricia J.; Becasen, Jeffrey S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Michael, Shannon L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gloppen, Kari M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [McCarthy, Katharine; Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent] NYU, Ctr Latino Adolescent & Family Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent] NYU, Silver Sch Social Work, New York, NY USA. RP Dittus, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pdittus@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD066159] NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2015 VL 136 IS 6 BP E1587 EP E1599 DI 10.1542/peds.2015-0305 PG 13 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA DD9OD UT WOS:000370254400012 PM 26620067 ER PT J AU Bilukha, OO Leidman, EZ Sultan, ASS Hussain, SJ AF Bilukha, Oleg O. Leidman, Eva Z. Sultan, Abdul-Salam Saleh Hussain, Syed Jaffar TI Deaths due to Intentional Explosions in Selected Governorates of Iraq from 2010 to 2013: Prospective Surveillance SO PREHOSPITAL AND DISASTER MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE explosions; fatal outcome; Iraq; mortality; public health surveillance; wounds/injuries ID MORTALITY; BOMBINGS; INJURIES AB Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the most recent trends and epidemiologic patterns of fatal injuries resulting from explosions in Iraq, one of the countries most affected by violence from explosive devices. Methods: Iraqi Ministry of Health (MoH) routine prospective injury surveillance collects information on all fatal injuries recorded by coroners from physical examinations, police reports, and family members in eight governorates of Iraq: Baghdad, Al-Anbar, Basrah, Erbil, Kerbala, Maysan, Ninevah, and Al-Sulaimaniya. This study analyzed explosive-related fatal injuries that occurred from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2013. Results: Analysis included 2,803 fatal injuries. The number of fatal injuries declined from 2010 through 2012, followed by an increase in 2013. One-thousand one-hundred and one explosion-related fatalities were documented in 2013, more than twice as many as in 2012 or in 2011. Most fatalities were among men aged 20-39 years. Of all causalities, 194 (6.9%) were among females and 302 (10.8%) were among children aged less than 18 years. The majority of fatalities were caused by improvised explosive devices (IEDs): car bombs (15.3%), suicide bombs (4.0%), and other IEDs (29.6%). The highest number of fatalities occurred in streets and roads. Of all deaths, 95.6% occurred in three governorates: Baghdad, Ninevah, and Al-Anbar. Conclusions: Explosives continue to result in a high number of fatal injuries in Iraq. Following a period of declining violence from explosives, in 2013, fatalities increased. Most explosion-related injuries resulted from IEDs; males aged 20-39 years were at greatest risk. C1 [Bilukha, Oleg O.; Leidman, Eva Z.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Recovery Branch, Div Global Hlth Protect, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sultan, Abdul-Salam Saleh] Minist Hlth, Human Resources Training & Dev Ctr, Baghdad, Iraq. [Hussain, Syed Jaffar] World Hlth Org, Int Zone, UNAMI Compound, Baghdad, Iraq. RP Bilukha, OO (reprint author), Ctr Global Hlth, Sci, Emergency Response & Recovery Branch, Div Global Hlth Protect, Bldg 2500,Mailstop E-22 2500 Century Pkwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM obb0@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1049-023X EI 1945-1938 J9 PREHOSPITAL DISASTER JI Prehospital Disaster Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 586 EP 592 DI 10.1017/S1049023X15005300 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA DE7NK UT WOS:000370823800009 PM 26517290 ER PT J AU Casey, ML Nguyen, DT Idriss, B Bennett, S Dunn, A Martin, S AF Casey, Megan L. Nguyen, Duong T. Idriss, Barrie Bennett, Sarah Dunn, Angela Martin, Stephen TI Potential Exposure to Ebola Virus from Body Fluids due to Ambulance Compartment Permeability in Sierra Leone SO PREHOSPITAL AND DISASTER MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ambulances; disinfection; Ebola; Sierra Leone AB Introduction: Prehospital care, including patient transport, is integral in the patient care process during the Ebola response. Transporting ill persons from the community to Ebola care facilities can stop community spread. Vehicles used for patient transport in infectious disease outbreaks should be evaluated for adequate infection prevention and control. Problem: An ambulance driver in Sierra Leone attributed his Ebola infection to exposure to body fluids that leaked from the patient compartment to the driver cabin of the ambulance. Methods: A convenience sample of 14 vehicles used to transport patients with suspected or confirmed Ebola in Sierra Leone were assessed. The walls separating the patient compartment and driver cabin in these vehicles were evaluated for structural integrity and potential pathways for body fluid leakage. Ambulance drivers and other staff were asked to describe their cleaning and decontamination practices. Ambulance construction and design standards from the National Fire Protection Association, US General Services Administration, and European Committee on Standardization (CEN) were reviewed. Results: Many vehicles used by ambulance staff in Sierra Leone were not traditional ambulances, but were pick-up trucks or sport-utility vehicles that had been assembled or modified for patient transport. The wall separating the patient compartment and driver cabin in many vehicles did not have a waterproof seal around the edges. Staff responsible for cleaning and disinfection did not thoroughly clean bulk body fluids with disposable towels before disinfection of the patient compartment. Pressure from chlorine sprayers used in the decontamination process may have pushed body fluids from the patient compartment into the driver cabin through gaps around the wall. Ambulance design standards do not require a waterproof seal between the patient compartment and driver cabin. Sealing the wall by tightening or replacing existing bolts is recommended, followed by caulking of all seams with a sealant. Conclusion: Waterproof separation between the patient compartment and driver cabin may be essential for patient transport vehicles in infectious disease outbreaks, especially when chlorine sprayers are used for decontamination or in resource-limited settings where cleaning supplies may be limited. C1 [Casey, Megan L.; Nguyen, Duong T.; Dunn, Angela] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Casey, Megan L.; Nguyen, Duong T.; Bennett, Sarah; Dunn, Angela] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Sierra Leone Ebola Response Team, Atlanta, GA USA. [Casey, Megan L.; Martin, Stephen] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Idriss, Barrie] Sierra Leone Minist Hlth & Sanitat, Bombali Dist Hlth Management Team, Makeni, Bombali, Sierra Leone. [Bennett, Sarah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Casey, ML (reprint author), NIOSH, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Resp Dis Studies, Surveillance Branch, Mailstop HG900,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ydg7@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1049-023X EI 1945-1938 J9 PREHOSPITAL DISASTER JI Prehospital Disaster Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 625 EP 627 DI 10.1017/S1049023X15005294 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA DE7NK UT WOS:000370823800016 PM 26507495 ER PT J AU Chen, YC Fortson, BL AF Chen, Yi-Chuen Fortson, Beverly L. TI Predictors of treatment attrition and treatment length in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy in Taiwanese families SO CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Parent-Child Interaction Therapy; Behavioral parent training; Disruptive behavior; Predictor; Dropout ID DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; CHINESE FAMILIES; OUTCOMES; METAANALYSIS; ADOLESCENTS; MAINTENANCE; EFFICACY; VALIDITY AB Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) has been used successfully in the United States and in other countries around the world, but its use in Asian countries has been more limited. The present study is the first of its kind to examine the predictors of treatment attrition and length in a sample of Taiwanese caregivers and their children. It is also the first to examine PCIT outcomes in Taiwanese families. Maladaptive personality characteristics of the caregiver were the best predictor of attrition, followed by single-parent, removal of the child from the home, and lower levels of caregiver education. Treatment length was predicted by child minority status and parent-child interactions (i.e., parent commands and negative parent talk). In terms of outcomes, statistically significant treatment changes were noted for all treatment outcome variables at post-treatment and at 3-month follow-up. These findings suggest that PCIT is a promising intervention for this population. The predictors of treatment attrition and length can be used when Taiwanese caregiver-child dyads present for services so that additional assistance can be provided prior to or during treatment to increase adherence to the recommended number of treatment sessions for maximal impact. Future studies may replicate the present study with a larger clinical sample to examine the long-term effects of PCIT and to include a no-treatment control condition to afford a more robust empirical evaluation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Yi-Chuen] Natl Chung Cheng Univ, Dept Psychol, 168 Univ Rd, Chiayi 621, Taiwan. [Fortson, Beverly L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chen, YC (reprint author), Natl Chung Cheng Univ, Dept Psychol, 168 Univ Rd, Chiayi 621, Taiwan. EM psyycc@gmail.com FU National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC 100-2410-H-194-044-MY2] FX Funding for this research was provided by Grant NSC 100-2410-H-194-044-MY2 from the National Science Council, Taiwan. The authors would like to thank the several research assistants who devoted valuable time and assistance in data collection and entry: Chia-Jung Chang, Xiao-Ru Cheng, Chao-Xian Wu, Kai-Wen Tseng, and Yao-Chung Tseng. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0190-7409 EI 1873-7765 J9 CHILD YOUTH SERV REV JI Child. Youth Serv. Rev. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 59 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.10.009 PG 10 WC Family Studies; Social Work SC Family Studies; Social Work GA DE2MZ UT WOS:000370462700004 ER PT J AU Vaughan, AS Quick, H Pathak, EB Kramer, MR Casper, M AF Vaughan, Adam S. Quick, Harrison Pathak, Elizabeth B. Kramer, Michael R. Casper, Michele TI Disparities in Temporal and Geographic Patterns of Declining Heart Disease Mortality by Race and Sex in the United States, 1973-2010 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE disparities; epidemiology; heart disease; mortality; trends ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CASE-FATALITY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; RACIAL DISPARITIES; STROKE REGARDS; HEALTH-POLICY; TRENDS; US; ASSOCIATION AB Background-Examining small-area differences in the strength of declining heart disease mortality by race and sex provides important context for current racial and geographic disparities and identifies localities that could benefit from targeted interventions. We identified and described temporal trends in declining county-level heart disease mortality by race, sex, and geography between 1973 and 2010. Methods and Results-Using a Bayesian hierarchical model, we estimated age-adjusted mortality with diseases of the heart listed as the underlying cause for 3099 counties. County-level percentage declines were calculated by race and sex for 3 time periods (1973-1985, 1986-1997, 1998-2010). Strong declines were statistically faster or no different than the total national decline in that time period. We observed county-level race-sex disparities in heart disease mortality trends. Continual (from 1973 to 2010) strong declines occurred in 73.2%, 44.6%, 15.5%, and 17.3% of counties for white men, white women, black men, and black women, respectively. Delayed (1998-2010) strong declines occurred in 15.4%, 42.0%, 75.5%, and 76.6% of counties for white men, white women, black men, and black women, respectively. Counties with the weakest patterns of decline were concentrated in the South. Conclusions-Since 1973, heart disease mortality has declined substantially for these race-sex groups. Patterns of decline differed by race and geography, reflecting potential disparities in national and local drivers of these declines. Better understanding of racial and geographic disparities in the diffusion of heart disease prevention and treatment may allow us to find clues to progress toward racial and geographic equity in heart disease mortality. C1 [Vaughan, Adam S.; Kramer, Michael R.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Vaughan, Adam S.; Quick, Harrison; Kramer, Michael R.; Casper, Michele] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pathak, Elizabeth B.] Univ S Florida, Morsani Coll Med, Tampa, FL USA. RP Vaughan, AS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM asvaugh@emory.edu FU Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health [K01HD074726] FX This research was supported in part by appointments for Dr Kramer and Mr Vaughan to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC. Dr Kramer was also supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health under Award number K01HD074726. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2047-9980 J9 J AM HEART ASSOC JI J. Am. Heart Assoc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 4 IS 12 AR e002567 DI 10.1161/JAHA.115.002567 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA DD5FI UT WOS:000369947700040 ER PT J AU Jefferds, MED Mirkovic, KR Subedi, GR Mebrahtu, S Dahal, P Perrine, CG AF Jefferds, Maria Elena D. Mirkovic, Kelsey R. Subedi, Giri Raj Mebrahtu, Saba Dahal, Pradiumna Perrine, Cria G. TI Predictors of micronutrient powder sachet coverage in Nepal SO MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE coverage; micronutrient powder; nutritional supplementation; monitoring; delivery models; children's nutrition; anaemia; iron deficiency ID HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; PROMOTION; PROGRAM AB Many countries implement micronutrient powder (MNP) programmes to improve the nutritional status of young children. Little is known about the predictors of MNP coverage for different delivery models. We describe MNP coverage of an infant and young child feeding and MNP intervention for children aged 6-23 months comparing two delivery models piloted in rural Nepal: distributing MNPs either by female community health volunteers (FCHVs) or at health facilities (HFs). Cross-sectional household cluster surveys were conducted in four pilot districts among mothers of children 6-23 months after starting MNP distribution. FCHVs in each cluster were also surveyed. We used logistic regression to describe predictors of initial coverage (obtaining a batch of 60 MNP sachets) at 3 months and repeat coverage (>= 2 times coverage among eligible children) at 15 months after project launch. At 15 months, initial and repeat coverage were higher in the FCHV model, although no differences were observed at 3 months. Attending an FCHV-led mothers' group meeting where MNP was discussed increased odds of any coverage in both models at 3 months and of repeat coverage in the HF model at 15 months. Perceiving >= 1 positive effects in the child increased odds of repeat coverage in both delivery models. A greater portion of FCHV volunteers from the FCHV model vs. the HF model reported increased burden at 3 and 15 months (not statistically significant). Designing MNP programmes that maximise coverage without overburdening the system can be challenging and more than one delivery model may be needed. C1 [Jefferds, Maria Elena D.; Mirkovic, Kelsey R.; Perrine, Cria G.] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mirkovic, Kelsey R.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Subedi, Giri Raj] Minist Hlth & Populat, Child Hlth Div, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Mebrahtu, Saba; Dahal, Pradiumna] UNICEF, Nutr Sect, Kathmandu, Nepal. RP Jefferds, MED (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-77, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mjefferds@cdc.gov FU UNICEF Nepal; Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population; UNICEF Nepal Country Office FX The Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population and UNICEF Nepal Country Office supported the implementation of the pilot intervention. UNICEF Nepal funded an external agency to conduct the monitoring surveys. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1740-8695 EI 1740-8709 J9 MATERN CHILD NUTR JI Matern. Child Nutr. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 11 SU 4 BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1111/mcn.12214 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA DD5DO UT WOS:000369943000006 PM 26332845 ER PT J AU Jefferds, MED Flores-Ayala, R AF Jefferds, Maria Elena D. Flores-Ayala, Rafael TI Introducing a new monitoring manual for home fortification and strengthening capacity to monitor nutrition interventions SO MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE programme monitoring; capacity development; home fortification interventions; micronutrient powders; lipid-based nutrient supplements AB Lack of monitoring capacity is a key barrier for nutrition interventions and limits programme management, decision making and programme effectiveness in many low-income and middle-income countries. A 2011 global assessment reported lack of monitoring capacity was the top barrier for home fortification interventions, such as micronutrient powders or lipid-based nutrient supplements. A Manual for Developing and Implementing Monitoring Systems for Home Fortification Interventions was recently disseminated. It is comprehensive and describes monitoring concepts and frameworks and includes monitoring tools and worksheets. The monitoring manual describes the steps of developing and implementing a monitoring system for home fortification interventions, including identifying and engaging stakeholders; developing a programme description including logic model and logical framework; refining the purpose of the monitoring system, identifying users and their monitoring needs; describing the design of the monitoring system; developing indicators; describing the core components of a comprehensive monitoring plan; and considering factors related to stage of programme development, sustainability and scale up. A fictional home fortification example is used throughout the monitoring manual to illustrate these steps. The monitoring manual is a useful tool to support the development and implementation of home fortification intervention monitoring systems. In the context of systematic capacity gaps to design, implement and monitor nutrition interventions in many low-income and middle-income countries, the dissemination of new tools, such as monitoring manuals may have limited impact without additional attention to strengthening other individual, organisational and systems levels capacities. C1 [Jefferds, Maria Elena D.; Flores-Ayala, Rafael] CDC, IMMPaCt, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jefferds, MED (reprint author), CDC, IMMPaCt, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-77, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mnj5@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1740-8695 EI 1740-8709 J9 MATERN CHILD NUTR JI Matern. Child Nutr. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 11 SU 4 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1111/mcn.12118 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA DD5DO UT WOS:000369943000019 PM 24784541 ER PT J AU Sanders, EJ Jaffe, H Musyoki, H Muraguri, N Graham, SM AF Sanders, Eduard J. Jaffe, Harold Musyoki, Helgar Muraguri, Nicolas Graham, Susan M. TI Kenyan MSM: no longer a hidden population SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MALE SEX WORKERS; HIV-INFECTION; COASTAL KENYA; HEALTH-CARE; MEN; RISK; TRANSMISSION; CHALLENGES; DEPRESSION; ADHERENCE C1 [Sanders, Eduard J.; Graham, Susan M.] Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya. [Sanders, Eduard J.] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Headington, England. [Sanders, Eduard J.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Global Hlth, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Jaffe, Harold] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Musyoki, Helgar] Natl AIDS & STI Control Programme NASCOP, Nairobi, Kenya. [Muraguri, Nicolas] Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Graham, Susan M.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Graham, Susan M.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Graham, Susan M.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sanders, EJ (reprint author), Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya. EM ESanders@kemri-wellcome.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI027757]; NIMH NIH HHS [R34 MH099946]; Wellcome Trust [092654] NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC PY 2015 VL 29 SU 3 BP S195 EP S199 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000928 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA DC7RM UT WOS:000369418000001 PM 26562809 ER PT J AU Jacobson, RK Manesen, MR Moodley, C Smith, M Williams, SG Nicol, MP Bamford, CM AF Jacobson, R. K. Manesen, M. R. Moodley, C. Smith, M. Williams, S. G. Nicol, M. P. Bamford, C. M. TI Molecular characterisation and epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of bla(OXA-181) carbapenemase-producing isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in South Africa SO SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BETA-LACTAMASE GENE; OXA-48-LIKE CARBAPENEMASES; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; RESISTANCE; OXA-181; EMERGENCE; STRAIN AB Background. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen often associated with nosocomial infections. A suspected outbreak of K. pneumoniae isolates, exhibiting reduced susceptibility to carbapenem antibiotics, was detected during the month of May 2012 among patients admitted to a haematology unit of a tertiary academic hospital in Cape Town, South Africa (SA). Objectives. An investigation was done to determine possible epidemiological links between the case patients and to describe the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance of these bacterial isolates. Methods. Relevant demographic, clinical and laboratory information was extracted from hospital records and an observational review of infection prevention and control practices in the affected unit was performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing including phenotypic testing and genotypic detection of the most commonly described carbapenemase genes was done. The phylogenetic relationship of all isolates containing thebla(OXA-181)-eicarbapenemase gene was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing. Results. Polymerase chain reaction analysis identified a total of seven bla(OXA-181)-positive, carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from seven patients, all from a single unit. These isolates were indistinguishable using PFGE analysis and belonged to sequence type ST-14. No other carbapenemase enzymes were detected. Conclusion. This is the first documented laboratory -confirmed outbreak of OXA-181-producing K. pneumoniae in SA, and highlights the importance of enforcing strict adherence to infection control procedures and the need for ongoing surveillance of antibiotic -resistant pathogens in local hospitals. C1 [Jacobson, R. K.; Moodley, C.; Smith, M.; Nicol, M. P.; Bamford, C. M.] Groote Schuur Hosp, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr Opportunist Trop & Hosp Infect, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Jacobson, R. K.; Moodley, C.; Nicol, M. P.; Bamford, C. M.] Groote Schuur Hosp, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Jacobson, R. K.; Moodley, C.; Nicol, M. P.; Bamford, C. M.] Univ Cape Town, Div Med Microbiol, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Manesen, M. R.; Williams, S. G.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, South African Field Epidemiol Training Programme, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Manesen, M. R.] Univ Pretoria, Sch Hlth Syst & Publ Hlth, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Manesen, M. R.; Williams, S. G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jacobson, RK (reprint author), Groote Schuur Hosp, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr Opportunist Trop & Hosp Infect, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. EM rachaeljacobson@gmail.com OI Nicol, Mark/0000-0002-1366-4805 FU Global Disease and Detection Funding; Centre for Opportunistic Tropical and Hospital Infections; National Institute for Communicable Diseases; National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg FX This work was supported by the Global Disease and Detection Funding, Centre for Opportunistic Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU SA MEDICAL ASSOC PI PRETORIA PA BLOCK F CASTLE WALK CORPORATE PARK, NOSSOB STREET, ERASMUSKLOOF EXT3, PRETORIA, 0002, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0256-9574 EI 2078-5135 J9 SAMJ S AFR MED J JI SAMJ S. Afr. Med. J. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 105 IS 12 BP 1030 EP 1035 DI 10.7196/SAMJ.2015.v105i12.9926 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DC4SV UT WOS:000369211500016 PM 26792160 ER PT J AU Linton, SL Cooper, HLF Kelley, ME Karnes, CC Ross, Z Wolfe, ME Jarlais, DD Semaan, S Tempalski, B DiNenno, E Finlayson, T Sionean, C Wejnert, C Paz-Bailey, G AF Linton, Sabriya L. Cooper, Hannah L. F. Kelley, Mary E. Karnes, Conny C. Ross, Zev Wolfe, Mary E. Jarlais, Don Des Semaan, Salaam Tempalski, Barbara DiNenno, Elizabeth Finlayson, Teresa Sionean, Catlainn Wejnert, Cyprian Paz-Bailey, Gabriela CA Natl HIV Behav Surveillance Study TI HIV Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs in the United States: Geographically Explained Variance Across Racial and Ethnic Groups SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; PUBLIC-HOUSING RELOCATIONS; US METROPOLITAN-AREAS; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION; CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH; SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; REGIONAL-VARIATIONS; SPATIAL ACCESS; NEIGHBORHOOD AB Objectives. We explored how variance in HIV infection is distributed across multiple geographical scales among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States, overall and within racial/ethnic groups. Methods. People who inject drugs (n = 9077) were recruited via respondent-driven sampling from 19 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system. We used multilevel modeling to determine the percentage of variance in HIV infection explained by zip codes, counties, and MSAs where PWID lived, overall and for specific racial/ethnic groups. Results. Collectively, zip codes, counties, and MSAs explained 29% of variance in HIV infection. Within specific racial/ethnic groups, all 3 scales explained variance in HIV infection among non-Hispanic/Latino White PWID (4.3%, 0.2%, and 7.5%, respectively), MSAs explained variance among Hispanic/Latino PWID (10.1%), and counties explained variance among non-Hispanic/Latino Black PWID (6.9%). Conclusions. Exposure to potential determinants of HIV infection at zip codes, counties, and MSAs may vary for different racial/ethnic groups of PWID, and may reveal opportunities to identify and ameliorate intraracial inequities in exposure to determinants of HIV infection at these geographical scales. C1 [Linton, Sabriya L.; Cooper, Hannah L. F.; Kelley, Mary E.; Karnes, Conny C.; Wolfe, Mary E.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ross, Zev] ZevRoss SpatialAnal, Ithaca, NY USA. [Jarlais, Don Des] Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, Mt Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY USA. [Tempalski, Barbara] Natl Dev & Res Inst, Inst Infect Dis Res, New York, NY USA. [Semaan, Salaam; DiNenno, Elizabeth; Finlayson, Teresa; Sionean, Catlainn; Wejnert, Cyprian; Paz-Bailey, Gabriela] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Linton, SL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Off 734, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM sabriya.linton@emory.edu FU National Institutes of Health: "Place Characteristics and Disparities in HIV in IDUS: A Multilevel Analysis of NHBS" [DA035101]; Emory Center for AIDS Research [P30 AI050409] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health: "Place Characteristics and Disparities in HIV in IDUS: A Multilevel Analysis of NHBS" (DA035101; Cooper, PI) and the Emory Center for AIDS Research (P30 AI050409; Curran, PI). NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 105 IS 12 BP 2457 EP 2465 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302861 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DC4BB UT WOS:000369163600026 PM 26469638 ER PT J AU Jeffries, WL Johnson, OD AF Jeffries, William L. Johnson, Oshea D. TI Homonegative Attitudes and Risk Behaviors for HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Sexually Active Men in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BISEXUAL MEN; INTERNALIZED HETEROSEXISM; PREVENTION INTERVENTION; BLACK-MEN; SEX; GAY; HEALTH; AWARENESS; WOMEN AB Objectives. We examined associations between homonegative attitudes and HIV and other sexually transmitted infection (HIV/STI) risk behaviors among sexually active US men. Methods. We used the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth (n = 10 403) and multivariable logistic regression models to examine homonegative attitudes in relation to condom use, number of past-year sex partners, HIV/STI testing, and STI diagnoses. Results. Among men who had sex with men, homonegative attitudes were associated with lower odds of condom use during anal sex with women (before the past year) and past-year STI testing. Among men who had sex with men and women, homonegative attitudes were associated with lower odds of condom use during vaginal sex and sex with men, having 4 or more partners, and HIV testing ever. Among men who had sex with women, homonegative attitudes were associated with lower odds of condom use during vaginal sex and sex with men (before the past year), HIV testing ever, and contracting herpes, human papillomavirus, or syphilis. Conclusions. Homonegative attitudes may promote HIV/STI acquisition and transmission among sexually active men of all sexual orientations. Interventions should address homonegative attitudes in the United States. C1 [Jeffries, William L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Johnson, Oshea D.] Morehouse Coll, Dept Sociol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jeffries, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS, Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-40, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM wjeffries@cdc.gov FU Office of Minority Health and Health Equity; National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We thank Emeka Oraka of ICF International for providing helpful comments on the analyses for this article. This research was conducted while O. D. Johnson completed a Project: IMHOTEP internship sponsored by the Office of Minority Health and Health Equity and the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 105 IS 12 BP 2466 EP 2472 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302780 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DC4BB UT WOS:000369163600027 PM 26469637 ER PT J AU Halldin, CN Wolfe, AL Laney, AS AF Halldin, Cara N. Wolfe, Anita L. Laney, A. Scott TI Comparative Respiratory Morbidity of Former and Current US Coal Miners SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; PNEUMOCONIOSIS; EXPOSURE; DISEASE AB We compared the prevalence of respiratory disease in former and current US coal miners using chest radiographs and lung functions collected from 2009 to 2013 among miners of the Appalachian and Interior US coalfields. We calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) of pneumoconiosis and impaired lung function. Significantly higher prevalences of pneumoconiosis (PR = 1.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.2, 2.0) and impaired lung function were observed among former miners compared with active miners. Former miners continue to suffer negative health effects from occupational coal mine dust exposure. The respiratory health of active and former miners is a global concern because international coal production is projected to increase for decades to come. C1 [Halldin, Cara N.; Wolfe, Anita L.; Laney, A. Scott] NIOSH, Surveillance Branch, Resp Hlth Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop HG900, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Halldin, CN (reprint author), NIOSH, Surveillance Branch, Resp Hlth Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop HG900, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM challdin@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 105 IS 12 BP 2576 EP 2577 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302897 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DC4BB UT WOS:000369163600042 PM 26469667 ER PT J AU McClure, R Kegler, S Davey, T Clay, F AF McClure, Rod Kegler, Scott Davey, Tamzyn Clay, Fiona TI Contextual Determinants of Childhood Injury: A Systematic Review of Studies With Multilevel Analytic Methods SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID EPIDEMIOLOGY STROBE EXPLANATION; NEIGHBORHOOD VARIATIONS; INDIVIDUAL FACTORS; ACCIDENTS; CHILDREN; RISK; ASSOCIATION; ELABORATION; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION AB Background. The definition of injury that underpins the contemporary approach to injury prevention is an etiological definition relating to bodily damage arising from transfer of energy to tissues of the body beyond the limits compatible with physiological function. Causal factors proximal to the energy transfer are nested within a more complex set of contextual determinants. For effective injury control, understanding of these determinants is critical. Objectives. The primary aims of this study were to describe the area-level determinants that have been included in multilevel analyses of childhood injury and to quantify the relationships between these area-level exposures and injury outcomes. Search methods. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed, English-language literature published in scientific journals between January 1997 and July 2014, reporting studies that employed multilevel analyses to quantify the eco-epidemiological causation of physical unintentional injuries to children aged 16 years and younger. We conducted and reported the review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Selection criteria. We included etiological studies of causal risk factors for unintentional traumatic injuries to children aged 0 to 16 years. Methodological inclusion criteria were as follows: Epidemiological studies quantifying the relationship between risk factors (at various levels) and injury occurrence in the individual; Studies that recognized individual exposure and at least 1 higher level of exposure with units at lower levels or microunits (e.g., individuals) nested within units at higher levels or macrounits (e.g., areas or neighborhoods); Injury outcomes (dependent variable) examined at the individual level; and Central analytic techniques belonging to the following categories: multilevel models, hierarchical models, random effects models, random coefficient models, covariance components models, variance components models, and mixed models. We combined criteria from the checklist described by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Review Group with factors in the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) statement, and we used several quality assessment items from other injury-related systematic reviews to create a quality assessment checklist for this review. Data collection and analysis. Two authors independently extracted data and selected analysis features for the included studies by using preformatted tables. They extracted information as reported in the articles. We determined statistical significance of estimates and effects by using the conventional threshold, P < .05. Any differences in the information extracted were resolved by discussion between authors and by specifically rereading and rechecking the facts as reported in the relevant articles. We tabulated results from the final multilevel model(s) in each of the included articles with key aspects summarized in text. Interpretations of the results and identification of key issues raised by the collated material are reported in the Discussion section of this article. Main results. We identified 11 967 articles from the electronic search with only 14 being included in the review after a detailed screening and selection process. Nine of the 14 studies identified significant fixed effects at both the area and individual levels. The area-level variables most consistently associated with child injury rates related to poverty, education, employment, and access to services. There was some evidence that injury rates were lower in areasscoring well on area-level summary measures of neighborhood safety. There was marked variation in the methods used and in the mapping of measured variables onto the conceptual model of ecological causation. Author conclusions. These results help establish the scope for the public policy approach to injury prevention. More consistent reporting of multilevel study results would aid future interpretation and translation of such findings. C1 [McClure, Rod; Kegler, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Anal Res & Practice Integrat, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Davey, Tamzyn] Univ Queensland, Fac Med & Biomed Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Clay, Fiona] Monash Univ, Fac Med Nursing & Hlth Sci, Dept Forens Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. RP McClure, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Anal Res & Practice Integrat, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rmcclure@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 105 IS 12 BP E37 EP E43 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302883 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DC4BB UT WOS:000369163600010 PM 26469653 ER PT J AU Lucchi, NW Komino, F Okoth, SA Goldman, I Onyona, P Wiegand, RE Juma, E Shi, YP Barnwell, JW Udhayakumar, V Kariuki, S AF Lucchi, Naomi W. Komino, Franklin Okoth, Sheila Akinyi Goldman, Ira Onyona, Philip Wiegand, Ryan E. Juma, Elizabeth Shi, Ya Ping Barnwell, John W. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Kariuki, Simon TI In Vitro and Molecular Surveillance for Antimalarial Drug Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum Parasites in Western Kenya Reveals Sustained Artemisinin Sensitivity and Increased Chloroquine Sensitivity SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PFMDR1 COPY NUMBER; ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA; TEMPORAL TRENDS; GENE; ALLELES; AMODIAQUINE; MALAWI; POLYMORPHISMS AB Malaria control is hindered by the evolution and spread of resistance to antimalarials, necessitating multiple changes to drug policies over time. A comprehensive antimalarial drug resistance surveillance program is vital for detecting the potential emergence of resistance to antimalarials, including current artemisinin-based combination therapies. An antimalarial drug resistance surveillance study involving 203 Plasmodium falciparum malaria-positive children was conducted in western Kenya between 2010 and 2013. Specimens from enrolled children were analyzed in vitro for sensitivity to chloroquine (CQ), amodiaquine (AQ), mefloquine (MQ), lumefantrine, and artemisinin derivatives (artesunate and dihydroartemisinin) and for drug resistance allele polymorphisms in P. falciparum crt (Pfcrt), Pfmdr-1, and the K13 propeller domain (K13). We observed a significant increase in the proportion of samples with the Pfcrt wild-type (CVMNK) genotype, from 61.2% in 2010 to 93.0% in 2013 (P<0.0001), and higher proportions of parasites with elevated sensitivity to CQ in vitro. The majority of isolates harbored the wild-type N allele in Pfmdr-1 codon 86 (93.5%), with only 7 (3.50%) samples with the N86<(Y)under bar> mutant allele (the mutant nucleotide is underlined). Likewise, most isolates harbored the wild-type Pfmdr-1 D1246 allele (79.8%), with only 12 (6.38%) specimens with the D1246 (Y) under bar mutant allele and 26 (13.8%) with mixed alleles. All the samples had a single copy of the Pfmdr-1 gene (mean of 0.907 +/- 0.141 copies). None of the sequenced parasites had mutations in K13. Our results suggest that artemisinin is likely to remain highly efficacious and that CQ sensitivity appears to be on the rise in western Kenya. C1 [Lucchi, Naomi W.; Okoth, Sheila Akinyi; Goldman, Ira; Wiegand, Ryan E.; Shi, Ya Ping; Barnwell, John W.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Komino, Franklin; Onyona, Philip; Kariuki, Simon] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Okoth, Sheila Akinyi; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. [Juma, Elizabeth] Minist Hlth, Div Malaria Control, Kenya Med Res Inst, Clin Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Lucchi, NW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM NLucchi@cdc.gov FU World Wide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN); Division of Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Kenya through United Kingdom Department for International Development (DfID); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation; CDC-American Society for Microbiology postdoctoral fellowship FX This work was supported by the World Wide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), by the Division of Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Kenya, through a grant from the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DfID), by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group, and by the Atlanta Research and Education Foundation. S.A.O. was partially supported by a CDC-based American Society for Microbiology postdoctoral fellowship. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 EI 1098-6596 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 59 IS 12 BP 7540 EP 7547 DI 10.1128/AAC.01894-15 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA DB2KO UT WOS:000368337300046 PM 26392510 ER PT J AU Rhoden, E Zhang, MY Nix, WA Oberste, MS AF Rhoden, Eric Zhang, Mingyu Nix, W. Allan Oberste, M. Steven TI In Vitro Efficacy of Antiviral Compounds against Enterovirus D68 SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PROTEASE INHIBITOR; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFECTION; VIRUS; REPLICATION; ITRACONAZOLE; DAS181; POLIO AB In 2014, the United States experienced a large outbreak of severe respiratory illness associated with enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). We used a homogeneous, cell-based assay to assess the antiviral activity of compounds developed for EV/rhinovirus infection or other indications. Three of 15 compounds were highly active against all four strains tested (the prototype and three 2014 strains), with 50% effective concentrations of 0.0012 to 0.027 mu M. Additional studies are needed to assess their in vivo efficacy against EV-D68. C1 [Rhoden, Eric; Zhang, Mingyu; Nix, W. Allan; Oberste, M. Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Zhang, Mingyu] Henan Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Planning Inst, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples R China. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 EI 1098-6596 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 59 IS 12 BP 7779 EP 7781 DI 10.1128/AAC.00766-15 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA DB2KO UT WOS:000368337300075 PM 26149998 ER PT J AU Declercq, E MacDorman, M Osterman, M Belanoff, C Iverson, R AF Declercq, Eugene MacDorman, Marian Osterman, Michelle Belanoff, Candice Iverson, Ronald TI Prepregnancy Obesity and Primary Cesareans among Otherwise Low-Risk Mothers in 38 US States in 2012 SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Article DE cesarean delivery; obesity; prepregnancy obesity ID BODY-MASS INDEX; UNITED-STATES; NULLIPAROUS WOMEN; INFANT-MORTALITY; CHILD HEALTH; LIFE-COURSE; DELIVERY; WEIGHT; METAANALYSIS; TRENDS AB Background: The United States has recently experienced increases in both its rate of obesity and its cesarean rate. Our objective was to use a new item measuring prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) on the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth to examine at a population level the relationship between maternal obesity and primary cesarean delivery for women at otherwise low risk for cesarean delivery. Methods: By 2012, 38 states with 86 percent of United States births had adopted the U.S. Standard Certificate. The sample was limited to the 2,233,144 women who had a singleton, vertex, term (37-41 weeks) birth in 2012 and no prior cesarean. We modeled the likelihood of a primary cesarean by BMI category, controlling for maternal socio-demographic and medical characteristics. Results: Overall, 46.4 percent of otherwise low-risk mothers had a prepregnancy BMI in the overweight (25.1%) or obese (21.3%) categories, with the obese category distributed as follows: obese I (BMI 30.0-34.9, 12.4%); obese II (BMI 35.0-39.9, 5.5%); and obese III (BMI 40+, 3.5%). Obesity rates were highest among American Indian and Alaska Native (32.5%) and non-Hispanic black mothers (30.5%). After adjustment for demographic and medical risks, the adjusted risk ratios (95% confidence intervals) of cesarean for low-risk primiparas were: 1.61 (1.60-1.63) for obese I, 1.86 (1.83-1.88) for obese II, and 2.21 (2.18-2.25) for obese III mothers compared with mothers in the normal weight category. Discussion: A relationship between prepregnancy obesity and primary cesarean delivery among relatively low-risk mothers remained even after controlling for social and medical risk factors. (BIRTH 42:4 December 2015) C1 [Declercq, Eugene; Belanoff, Candice] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Rm 430,801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [MacDorman, Marian] Univ Maryland, Maryland Populat Res Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Osterman, Michelle] CDC, Div Vital Stat, Reprod Stat Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Iverson, Ronald] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Obstet, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Declercq, E (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Rm 430,801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA 02118 USA. FU U.S. Maternal and Child Health Bureau [R40MC 17172] FX The authors thank Thien Nguyen and Howard Cabral for their technical assistance on this project. ED's work on the research partially supported by a grant from the U.S. Maternal and Child Health Bureau (R40MC 17172). NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7659 EI 1523-536X J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD DEC PY 2015 VL 42 IS 4 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1111/birt.12201 PG 10 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA DB3XI UT WOS:000368446400004 PM 26489891 ER PT J AU Ringeisen, H Aldworth, J Colpe, LJ Pringle, B Simile, C AF Ringeisen, Heather Aldworth, Jeremy Colpe, Lisa J. Pringle, Beverly Simile, Catherine TI Estimating the prevalence of any impairing childhood mental disorder in the national health interview survey SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE children; adolescents; epidemiology; estimation; methods ID PSYCHIATRIC-ASSESSMENT CAPA; TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; CALIBRATION; POPULATION; DIAGNOSES; STRENGTHS; CHILDREN; VERSION AB This study investigates whether the six-item Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire SDQ (five symptoms and one impact item) included in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) can be used to construct models that accurately estimate the prevalence of any impairing mental disorder among children 4-17 years old as measured by a shortened Child/Adolescent or Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA or PAPA). A subsample of 217 NHIS respondents completed a follow-up CAPA or PAPA interview. Logistic regression models were developed to model presence of any child mental disorder with impairment (MDI) or with severe impairment (MDSI). Models containing only the SDQ impact item exhibited highly biased prevalence estimates. The best-performing model included information from both the five symptom SDQ items and the impact item, where absolute bias was reduced and sensitivity and concordance were increased. This study illustrates the importance of using all available information from the six-item SDQ to accurately estimate the prevalence of any impairing childhood mental disorder from the NHIS. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ringeisen, Heather; Aldworth, Jeremy] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Colpe, Lisa J.; Pringle, Beverly] NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Simile, Catherine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ringeisen, H (reprint author), RTI Int, Survey Res Div, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hringeisen@rti.org FU National Institute of Mental Health [200-2009-F-32679]; NCHS within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The views expressed in this manuscript do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institutes of Health, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) or the Federal Government. This research was supported by National Institute of Mental Health through contract 200-2009-F-32679 with the NCHS within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors acknowledge reviews by Joe Gfroerer, Jonaki Bose, and Sarra Hedden from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and Patricia Pastor, Marcie Cynamon, Stephen Blumberg, and Jennifer Madans from the National Center for Health Statistics. At RTI International, Anne Gering and Judith Cannada provided editorial assistance and report production. The statistical expert was Jeremy Aldworth. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1049-8931 EI 1557-0657 J9 INT J METH PSYCH RES JI Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 24 IS 4 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1002/mpr.1471 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA DB3NY UT WOS:000368419600003 PM 26202997 ER PT J AU Havelaar, AH Kirk, MD Torgerson, PR Gibb, HJ Hald, T Lake, RJ Praet, N Bellinger, DC De Silva, NR Gargouri, N Speybroeck, N Cawthorne, A Mathers, C Stein, C Angulo, FJ Devleesschauwer, B AF Havelaar, Arie H. Kirk, Martyn D. Torgerson, Paul R. Gibb, Herman J. Hald, Tine Lake, Robin J. Praet, Nicolas Bellinger, David C. De Silva, Nilanthi R. Gargouri, Neyla Speybroeck, Niko Cawthorne, Amy Mathers, Colin Stein, Claudia Angulo, Frederick J. Devleesschauwer, Brecht CA World Hlth Org Foodborne Dis Burde TI World Health Organization Global Estimates and Regional Comparisons of the Burden of Foodborne Disease in 2010 SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; UNSPECIFIED AGENTS; RISK-FACTORS; ILLNESS; DISABILITY; PATHOGENS AB Illness and death from diseases caused by contaminated food are a constant threat to public health and a significant impediment to socio-economic development worldwide. To measure the global and regional burden of foodborne disease (FBD), the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (FERG), which here reports their first estimates of the incidence, mortality, and disease burden due to 31 foodborne hazards. We find that the global burden of FBD is comparable to those of the major infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. The most frequent causes of foodborne illness were diarrheal disease agents, particularly norovirus and Campylobacter spp. Diarrheal disease agents, especially non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, were also responsible for the majority of deaths due to FBD. Other major causes of FBD deaths were Salmonella Typhi, Taenia solium and hepatitis A virus. The global burden of FBD caused by the 31 hazards in 2010 was 33 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs); children under five years old bore 40% of this burden. The 14 subregions, defined on the basis of child and adult mortality, had considerably different burdens of FBD, with the greatest falling on the subregions in Africa, followed by the subregions in South-East Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean D subregion. Some hazards, such as nontyphoidal S. enterica, were important causes of FBD in all regions of the world, whereas others, such as certain parasitic helminths, were highly localised. Thus, the burden of FBD is borne particularly by children under five years old-although they represent only 9% of the global population-and people living in low-income regions of the world. These estimates are conservative, i.e., underestimates rather than overestimates; further studies are needed to address the data gaps and limitations of the study. Nevertheless, all stakeholders can contribute to improvements in food safety throughout the food chain by incorporating these estimates into policy development at national and international levels. C1 [Havelaar, Arie H.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Havelaar, Arie H.; Devleesschauwer, Brecht] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Havelaar, Arie H.] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kirk, Martyn D.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Torgerson, Paul R.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Gibb, Herman J.] Gibb Epidemiol Consulting, Arlington, VA USA. [Hald, Tine] Danish Tech Univ, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Lake, Robin J.] Inst Environm Sci & Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Praet, Nicolas] Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Bellinger, David C.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. [De Silva, Nilanthi R.] Univ Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka. [Gargouri, Neyla] Hikma Pharmaceut, Amman, Jordan. [Speybroeck, Niko; Devleesschauwer, Brecht] Catholic Univ Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. [Cawthorne, Amy; Mathers, Colin] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Stein, Claudia] WHO, Reg Off Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht] Univ Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium. RP Havelaar, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM ariehavelaar@ufl.edu RI Torgerson, Paul/A-7510-2010; Hald, Tine/B-5477-2016; Torgerson, Paul /M-4447-2013; Balakrishnan, Kalpana/B-6653-2015; OI Torgerson, Paul/0000-0003-4277-9983; Torgerson, Paul /0000-0003-4277-9983; Jensen, Helen/0000-0001-6878-1729; Balakrishnan, Kalpana/0000-0002-5905-1801; Aspinall, Willy/0000-0001-6014-6042; Fevre, Eric/0000-0001-8931-4986 FU World Health Organization (WHO) FX This study was commissioned and paid for by the World Health Organization (WHO). Copyright in the original work on which this article is based belongs to WHO. The authors have been given permission to publish this article. NR 45 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 15 U2 48 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 IS 12 AR e1001923 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001923 PG 23 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DB3YZ UT WOS:000368451100013 PM 26633896 ER PT J AU Kirk, MD Pires, SM Black, RE Caipo, M Crump, JA Devleesschauwer, B Dopfer, D Fazil, A Fischer-Walker, CL Hald, T Hall, AJ Keddy, KH Lake, RJ Lanata, CF Torgerson, PR Havelaar, AH Angulo, FJ AF Kirk, Martyn D. Pires, Sara M. Black, Robert E. Caipo, Marisa Crump, John A. Devleesschauwer, Brecht Doepfer, Doerte Fazil, Aamir Fischer-Walker, Christa L. Hald, Tine Hall, Aron J. Keddy, Karen H. Lake, Robin J. Lanata, Claudio F. Torgerson, Paul R. Havelaar, Arie H. Angulo, Frederick J. TI World Health Organization Estimates of the Global and Regional Disease Burden of 22 Foodborne Bacterial, Protozoal, and Viral Diseases, 2010: A Data Synthesis SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE SALMONELLA INFECTIONS; UNSPECIFIED AGENTS; EXPERT ELICITATION; HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS; OLDER CHILDREN; TYPHOID-FEVER; ILLNESS; PATHOGENS; GASTROENTERITIS; TRANSMISSION AB Background Foodborne diseases are important worldwide, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. To our knowledge, we present the first global and regional estimates of the disease burden of the most important foodborne bacterial, protozoal, and viral diseases. Methods and Findings We synthesized data on the number of foodborne illnesses, sequelae, deaths, and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), for all diseases with sufficient data to support global and regional estimates, by age and region. The data sources included varied by pathogen and included systematic reviews, cohort studies, surveillance studies and other burden of disease assessments. We sought relevant data circa 2010, and included sources from 1990-2012. The number of studies per pathogen ranged from as few as 5 studies for bacterial intoxications through to 494 studies for diarrheal pathogens. To estimate mortality for Mycobacterium bovis infections and morbidity and mortality for invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica infections, we excluded cases attributed to HIV infection. We excluded stillbirths in our estimates. We estimate that the 22 diseases included in our study resulted in two billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5-2.9 billion) cases, over one million (95% UI 0.89-1.4 million) deaths, and 78.7 million (95% UI 65.0-97.7 million) DALYs in 2010. To estimate the burden due to contaminated food, we then applied proportions of infections that were estimated to be foodborne from a global expert elicitation. Waterborne transmission of disease was not included. We estimate that 29% (95% UI 23-36%) of cases caused by diseases in our study, or 582 million (95% UI 401-922 million), were transmitted by contaminated food, resulting in 25.2 million (95% UI 17.5-37.0 million) DALYs. Norovirus was the leading cause of foodborne illness causing 125 million (95% UI 70-251 million) cases, while Campylobacter spp. caused 96 million (95% UI 52-177 million) foodborne illnesses. Of all foodborne diseases, diarrheal and invasive infections due to non-typhoidal S. enterica infections resulted in the highest burden, causing 4.07 million (95% UI 2.49-6.27 million) DALYs. Regionally, DALYs per 100,000 population were highest in the African region followed by the South East Asian region. Considerable burden of foodborne disease is borne by children less than five years of age. Major limitations of our study include data gaps, particularly in middle-and high-mortality countries, and uncertainty around the proportion of diseases that were foodborne. Conclusions Foodborne diseases result in a large disease burden, particularly in children. Although it is known that diarrheal diseases are a major burden in children, we have demonstrated for the first time the importance of contaminated food as a cause. There is a need to focus food safety interventions on preventing foodborne diseases, particularly in low-and middle-income settings. C1 [Kirk, Martyn D.; Angulo, Frederick J.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Pires, Sara M.; Hald, Tine] Danish Tech Univ, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Black, Robert E.; Fischer-Walker, Christa L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Caipo, Marisa] Food & Agr Org, Rome, Italy. [Crump, John A.] Univ Otago, Ctr Int Hlth, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht] Univ Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht] Catholic Univ Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht] Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Doepfer, Doerte] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Fazil, Aamir] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Hall, Aron J.; Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Keddy, Karen H.] Univ Witwatersrand, Ctr Enter Dis, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Keddy, Karen H.] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Lake, Robin J.] Inst Environm Sci & Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Lanata, Claudio F.] Inst Invest Nutr, Lima, Peru. [Lanata, Claudio F.] US Naval Med Res Unit 6, Callao, Peru. [Torgerson, Paul R.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Havelaar, Arie H.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Havelaar, Arie H.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Havelaar, Arie H.] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Kirk, MD (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM martyn.kirk@anu.edu.au RI Torgerson, Paul/A-7510-2010; Hald, Tine/B-5477-2016; Torgerson, Paul /M-4447-2013 OI Torgerson, Paul/0000-0003-4277-9983; Torgerson, Paul /0000-0003-4277-9983 FU World Health Organization (WHO); Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) FX This study was commissioned and paid for by the World Health Organization (WHO). Copyright in the original work on which this article is based belongs to WHO. The authors have been given permission to publish this article. We acknowledge the support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation that funded CFL, CFW, and REB through the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 14 U2 44 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 IS 12 AR e1001921 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001921 PG 21 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DB3YZ UT WOS:000368451100011 PM 26633831 ER PT J AU Torgerson, PR Devleesschauwer, B Praet, N Speybroeck, N Willingham, AL Kasuga, F Rokni, MB Zhou, XN Fevre, EM Sripa, B Gargouri, N Furst, T Budke, CM Carabin, H Kirk, MD Angulo, FJ Havelaar, A de Silva, N AF Torgerson, Paul R. Devleesschauwer, Brecht Praet, Nicolas Speybroeck, Niko Willingham, Arve Lee Kasuga, Fumiko Rokni, Mohammad B. Zhou, Xiao-Nong Fevre, Eric M. Sripa, Banchob Gargouri, Neyla Fuerst, Thomas Budke, Christine M. Carabin, Helene Kirk, Martyn D. Angulo, Frederick J. Havelaar, Arie de Silva, Nilanthi TI World Health Organization Estimates of the Global and Regional Disease Burden of 11 Foodborne Parasitic Diseases, 2010: A Data Synthesis SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS; ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; CLINICAL-MANIFESTATIONS; CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS; UNITED STATES; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; METAANALYSIS AB Background Foodborne diseases are globally important, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. Parasitic diseases often result in high burdens of disease in low and middle income countries and are frequently transmitted to humans via contaminated food. This study presents the first estimates of the global and regional human disease burden of 10 helminth diseases and toxoplasmosis that may be attributed to contaminated food. Methods and Findings Data were abstracted from 16 systematic reviews or similar studies published between 2010 and 2015; from 5 disease data bases accessed in 2015; and from 79 reports, 73 of which have been published since 2000, 4 published between 1995 and 2000 and 2 published in 1986 and 1981. These included reports from national surveillance systems, journal articles, and national estimates of foodborne diseases. These data were used to estimate the number of infections, sequelae, deaths, and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), by age and region for 2010. These parasitic diseases, resulted in 48.4 million cases (95% Uncertainty intervals [UI] of 43.4-79.0 million) and 59,724 (95% UI 48,017-83,616) deaths annually resulting in 8.78 million (95% UI 7.62-12.51 million) DALYs. We estimated that 48% (95% UI 38%-56%) of cases of these parasitic diseases were foodborne, resulting in 76% (95% UI 65%-81%) of the DALYs attributable to these diseases. Overall, foodborne parasitic disease, excluding enteric protozoa, caused an estimated 23.2 million (95% UI 18.2-38.1 million) cases and 45,927 (95% UI 34,763-59,933) deaths annually resulting in an estimated 6.64 million (95% UI 5.61-8.41 million) DALYs. Foodborne Ascaris infection (12.3 million cases, 95% UI 8.29-22.0 million) and foodborne toxoplasmosis (10.3 million cases, 95% UI 7.40-14.9 million) were the most common foodborne parasitic diseases. Human cysticercosis with 2.78 million DALYs (95% UI 2.14-3.61 million), foodborne trematodosis with 2.02 million DALYs (95% UI 1.65-2.48 million) and foodborne toxoplasmosis with 825,000 DALYs (95% UI 561,000-1.26 million) resulted in the highest burdens in terms of DALYs, mainly due to years lived with disability. Foodborne enteric protozoa, reported elsewhere, resulted in an additional 67.2 million illnesses or 492,000 DALYs. Major limitations of our study include often substantial data gaps that had to be filled by imputation and suffer from the uncertainties that surround such models. Due to resource limitations it was also not possible to consider all potentially foodborne parasites (for example Trypanosoma cruzi). Conclusions Parasites are frequently transmitted to humans through contaminated food. These estimates represent an important step forward in understanding the impact of foodborne diseases globally and regionally. The disease burden due to most foodborne parasites is highly focal and results in significant morbidity and mortality among vulnerable populations. C1 [Torgerson, Paul R.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht; Speybroeck, Niko] Catholic Univ Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. [Devleesschauwer, Brecht; Praet, Nicolas] Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Willingham, Arve Lee] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, St Kitts, West Indies, St Kitts & Nevi. [Kasuga, Fumiko] Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Rokni, Mohammad B.] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran. [Zhou, Xiao-Nong] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Fevre, Eric M.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Fevre, Eric M.] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. [Sripa, Banchob] Khon Kaen Univ, Khon Kaen, Thailand. [Gargouri, Neyla] Hikma Pharmaceut, Amman, Jordan. [Fuerst, Thomas] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Budke, Christine M.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Carabin, Helene] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Kirk, Martyn D.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Havelaar, Arie] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Havelaar, Arie] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Havelaar, Arie] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [de Silva, Nilanthi] Univ Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka. RP Torgerson, PR (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. EM paul.torgerson@access.uzh.ch; nrdesilva@gmail.com RI Torgerson, Paul/A-7510-2010; Torgerson, Paul /M-4447-2013; OI Torgerson, Paul/0000-0003-4277-9983; Torgerson, Paul /0000-0003-4277-9983; Fevre, Eric/0000-0001-8931-4986 FU World Health Organization (WHO) FX This study was commissioned and paid for by the World Health Organization (WHO) (http://www.who.int). Copyright in the original work on which this article is based belongs to WHO. The authors have been given permission to publish this article. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 IS 12 AR e1001920 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001920 PG 22 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DB3YZ UT WOS:000368451100010 PM 26633705 ER PT J AU Yuen, CM Kurbatova, EV Tupasi, T Caoili, JC Van der Walt, M Kvasnovsky, C Yagui, M Bayona, J Contreras, C Leimane, V Ershova, J Via, LE Kim, H Akksilp, S Kazennyy, BY Volchenkov, GV Jou, R Kliiman, K Demikhova, OV Vasilyeva, IA Dalton, T Cegielski, JP AF Yuen, Courtney M. Kurbatova, Ekaterina V. Tupasi, Thelma Caoili, Janice Campos Van der Walt, Martie Kvasnovsky, Charlotte Yagui, Martin Bayona, Jaime Contreras, Carmen Leimane, Vaira Ershova, Julia Via, Laura E. Kim, HeeJin Akksilp, Somsak Kazennyy, Boris Y. Volchenkov, Grigory V. Jou, Ruwen Kliiman, Kai Demikhova, Olga V. Vasilyeva, Irina A. Dalton, Tracy Cegielski, J. Peter TI Association between Regimen Composition and Treatment Response in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Prospective Cohort Study SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SPUTUM CULTURE CONVERSION; AGGRESSIVE REGIMENS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; 2ND-LINE DRUGS; PREDICTORS; OUTCOMES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PYRAZINAMIDE; 1ST AB Background For treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a regimen of at least four second-line drugs that are likely to be effective as well as pyrazinamide. WHO guidelines indicate only marginal benefit for regimens based directly on drug susceptibility testing (DST) results. Recent evidence from isolated cohorts suggests that regimens containing more drugs may be beneficial, and that DST results are predictive of regimen effectiveness. The objective of our study was to gain insight into how regimen design affects treatment response by analyzing the association between time to sputum culture conversion and both the number of potentially effective drugs included in a regimen and the DST results of the drugs in the regimen. Methods and Findings We analyzed data from the Preserving Effective Tuberculosis Treatment Study (PETTS), a prospective observational study of 1,659 adults treated for MDR TB during 2005-2010 in nine countries: Estonia, Latvia, Peru, Philippines, Russian Federation, South Africa, South Korea, Thailand, and Taiwan. For all patients, monthly sputum samples were collected, and DST was performed on baseline isolates at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We included 1,137 patients in our analysis based on their having known baseline DST results for at least fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs, and not having extensively drug-resistant TB. These patients were followed for a median of 20 mo (interquartile range 16-23 mo) after MDR TB treatment initiation. The primary outcome of interest was initial sputum culture conversion. We used Cox proportional hazards regression, stratifying by country to control for setting-associated confounders, and adjusting for the number of drugs to which patients' baseline isolates were resistant, baseline resistance pattern, previous treatment history, sputum smear result, and extent of disease on chest radiograph. In multivariable analysis, receiving an average of at least six potentially effective drugs (defined as drugs without a DST result indicating resistance) per day was associated with a 36% greater likelihood of sputum culture conversion than receiving an average of at least five but fewer than six potentially effective drugs per day (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.36, 95% CI 1.09-1.69). Inclusion of pyrazinamide (aHR 2.00, 95% CI 1.65-2.41) or more drugs to which baseline DST indicated susceptibility (aHR 1.65, 95% CI 1.48-1.84, per drug) in regimens was associated with greater increases in the likelihood of sputum culture conversion than including more drugs to which baseline DST indicated resistance (aHR 1.33, 95% CI 1.18-1.51, per drug). Including in the regimen more drugs for which DST was not performed was beneficial only if a minimum of three effective drugs was present in the regimen (aHR 1.39, 95% CI 1.09-1.76, per drug when three effective drugs present in regimen). The main limitation of this analysis is that it is based on observational data, not a randomized trial, and drug regimens varied across sites. However, PETTS was a uniquely large and rigorous observational study in terms of both the number of patients enrolled and the standardization of laboratory testing. Other limitations include the assumption of equivalent efficacy across drugs in a category, incomplete data on adherence, and the fact that the analysis considers only initial sputum culture conversion, not reversion or long-term relapse. Conclusions MDR TB regimens including more potentially effective drugs than the minimum of five currently recommended by WHO may encourage improved response to treatment in patients with MDR TB. Rapid access to high-quality DST results could facilitate the design of more effective individualized regimens. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm whether individualized regimens with more than five drugs can indeed achieve better cure rates than current recommended regimens. C1 [Yuen, Courtney M.; Kurbatova, Ekaterina V.; Caoili, Janice Campos; Kvasnovsky, Charlotte; Ershova, Julia; Dalton, Tracy; Cegielski, J. Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tupasi, Thelma; Caoili, Janice Campos] Trop Dis Fdn, Manila, Philippines. [Van der Walt, Martie; Kvasnovsky, Charlotte] MRC, Pretoria, South Africa. [Yagui, Martin] Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru. [Bayona, Jaime] Partners Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Contreras, Carmen] Socios Salud Sucursal, Lima, Peru. [Leimane, Vaira] Riga East Univ Hosp Ctr TB & Lung Dis, Riga, Latvia. [Via, Laura E.] NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kim, HeeJin] Korean Inst TB, Seoul, South Korea. [Akksilp, Somsak] Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Bangkok, Thailand. [Kazennyy, Boris Y.] Orel Oblast TB Dispensary, Oryol, Russia. [Volchenkov, Grigory V.] Vladimir Oblast TB Dispensary, Vladimir, Russia. [Jou, Ruwen] Taiwan Ctr Dis Control, Taipei, Taiwan. [Kliiman, Kai] Tartu Univ Hosp, Tartu, Estonia. [Demikhova, Olga V.; Vasilyeva, Irina A.] Russian Acad Med Sci, Cent TB Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Yuen, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM gzc2@cdc.gov FU U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); U.S. National Institutes of Health's Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare FX This work was supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. National Institutes of Health's Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare. CDC Division of Tuberculosis Elimination led the study design, training for data collection and monitoring, data analysis, data interpretation, and writing of the report. Other sponsors had no roles in these activities. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent an official position of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 IS 12 AR e1001932 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001932 PG 18 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DB3YZ UT WOS:000368451100020 PM 26714320 ER PT J AU Al-Hamdan, NA Panackal, AA Al Bassam, TH Alrabea, A Al Hazmi, M Al Mazroa, Y Al Jefri, M Khan, AS Ksiazek, TG AF Al-Hamdan, Nasser A. Panackal, Anil A. Al Bassam, Tami H. Alrabea, Abdullah Al Hazmi, Mohammed Al Mazroa, Yagoub Al Jefri, Mohammed Khan, Ali S. Ksiazek, Thomas G. TI The Risk of Nosocomial Transmission of Rift Valley Fever SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SAUDI-ARABIA; EBOLA; EPIDEMIC; VIRUS; EGYPT AB In 2000, we investigated the Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreak on the Arabian Peninsulathe first outside Africa-and the risk of nosocomial transmission. In a cross-sectional design, during the peak of the epidemic at its epicenter, we found four (0.6%) of 703 healthcare workers (HCWs) IgM seropositive but all with only community-associated exposures. Standard precautions are sufficient for HCWs exposed to known RVF patients, in contrast to other viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) such as Ebola virus disease (EVD) in which the route of transmission differs. Suspected VHF in which the etiology is uncertain should be initially managed with the most cautious infection control measures. C1 [Al-Hamdan, Nasser A.] King Saud bin Abdulaziz Univ Hlth Sci, Fac Med, King Fahad Med City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Panackal, Anil A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, USPHS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Al Bassam, Tami H.] Hafr Albatin Hlth Reg, Hafr Albatin, Saudi Arabia. [Alrabea, Abdullah] Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Al Hazmi, Mohammed] King Fahad Cent Hosp, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. [Al Mazroa, Yagoub] Minist Hlth, Hlth Serv Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Al Jefri, Mohammed] Minist Hlth, Dept Prevent Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Khan, Ali S.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Coll Publ Hlth, Omaha, NE USA. [Ksiazek, Thomas G.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston Natl Lab, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Al-Hamdan, NA (reprint author), NIAID, LCID, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nalhamdan@kfmc.med.sa FU NIH, NIAID; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia FX This research was supported in part (decision to publish and preparation of manuscript) by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIAID and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; the funders had no role in study design or data collection and analysis. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 12 AR e0004314 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004314 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA DB2NG UT WOS:000368345100060 PM 26694834 ER PT J AU Pajuelo, MJ Eguiluz, M Dahlstrom, E Requena, D Guzman, F Ramirez, M Sheen, P Frace, M Sammons, S Cama, V Anzick, S Bruno, D Mahanty, S Wilkins, P Nash, T Gonzalez, A Garcia, HH Gilman, RH Porcella, S Zimic, M AF Pajuelo, Monica J. Eguiluz, Maria Dahlstrom, Eric Requena, David Guzman, Frank Ramirez, Manuel Sheen, Patricia Frace, Michael Sammons, Scott Cama, Vitaliano Anzick, Sarah Bruno, Dan Mahanty, Siddhartha Wilkins, Patricia Nash, Theodore Gonzalez, Armando Garcia, Hector H. Gilman, Robert H. Porcella, Steve Zimic, Mirko CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Identification and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers Derived from the Whole Genome Analysis of Taenia solium SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; GENETIC-VARIATION; POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITES; SCHISTOSOMA-JAPONICUM; EUKARYOTIC GENOMES; CODING DNA; INFECTIONS; CYSTICERCI; DIVERSITY; FREQUENCY AB Background Infections with Taenia solium are the most common cause of adult acquired seizures worldwide, and are the leading cause of epilepsy in developing countries. A better understanding of the genetic diversity of T. solium will improve parasite diagnostics and transmission pathways in endemic areas thereby facilitating the design of future control measures and interventions. Microsatellite markers are useful genome features, which enable strain typing and identification in complex pathogen genomes. Here we describe microsatellite identification and characterization in T. solium, providing information that will assist in global efforts to control this important pathogen. Methods For genome sequencing, T. solium cysts and proglottids were collected from Huancayo and Puno in Peru, respectively. Using next generation sequencing (NGS) and de novo assembly, we assembled two draft genomes and one hybrid genome. Microsatellite sequences were identified and 36 of them were selected for further analysis. Twenty T. solium isolates were collected from Tumbes in the northern region, and twenty from Puno in the southern region of Peru. The size-polymorphism of the selected microsatellites was determined with multi-capillary electrophoresis. We analyzed the association between microsatellite polymorphism and the geographic origin of the samples. Results The predicted size of the hybrid (proglottid genome combined with cyst genome) T. solium genome was 111 MB with a GC content of 42.54%. A total of 7,979 contigs (>1,000 nt) were obtained. We identified 9,129 microsatellites in the Puno-proglottid genome and 9,936 in the Huancayo-cyst genome, with 5 or more repeats, ranging from mono-to hexa-nucleotide. Seven microsatellites were polymorphic and 29 were monomorphic within the analyzed isolates. T. solium tapeworms were classified into two genetic groups that correlated with the North/South geographic origin of the parasites. Conclusions/Significance The availability of draft genomes for T. solium represents a significant step towards the understanding the biology of the parasite. We report here a set of T. solium polymorphic microsatellite markers that appear promising for genetic epidemiology studies. C1 [Pajuelo, Monica J.; Eguiluz, Maria; Requena, David; Guzman, Frank; Ramirez, Manuel; Sheen, Patricia; Zimic, Mirko] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Fac Ciencias & Filosofia, Lab Bioinformat & Biol Mol, Labs Invest & Desarrollo, Lima, Peru. [Dahlstrom, Eric; Anzick, Sarah; Bruno, Dan; Mahanty, Siddhartha; Nash, Theodore; Porcella, Steve] NIAID, Genom Unit, Res Technol Sect, Rocky Mt Labs,NIH, Hamilton, MT USA. [Frace, Michael; Sammons, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cama, Vitaliano; Wilkins, Patricia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gonzalez, Armando] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Fac Med Vet, Lima 14, Peru. [Garcia, Hector H.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Fac Ciencias & Filosofia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. [Garcia, Hector H.] Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Lima, Peru. [Gilman, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Pajuelo, MJ (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Fac Ciencias & Filosofia, Lab Bioinformat & Biol Mol, Labs Invest & Desarrollo, Lima, Peru. EM Mirko.zimic@upch.pe RI Guzman, Frank /H-1271-2014; OI Guzman, Frank /0000-0002-5048-4213; Mahanty, Siddhartha/0000-0003-1068-0524 FU Fogarty International Center/NIH [D43TW006581, D43TW001140]; Wellcome Trust Senior International Research Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine FX This work was partially supported by the Fogarty International Center/NIH Training Grants D43TW001140 and D43TW006581. HHG. is supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior International Research Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis or interpretaion; in writing the report or in the decision to submit this manuscript for publication. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 12 AR e0004316 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004316 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA DB2NG UT WOS:000368345100061 PM 26697878 ER PT J AU Solomon, AW Marks, M Martin, DL Mikhailov, A Flueckiger, RM Mitja, O Asiedu, K Jannin, J Engels, D Mabey, DCW AF Solomon, Anthony W. Marks, Michael Martin, Diana L. Mikhailov, Alexei Flueckiger, Rebecca M. Mitja, Oriol Asiedu, Kingsley Jannin, Jean Engels, Dirk Mabey, David C. W. TI Trachoma and Yaws: Common Ground? SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DOSE AZITHROMYCIN; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; SKIN ULCERS; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; TRIAL AB Trachoma is an important cause of blindness. The causative organism is an intracellular bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis, which is susceptible to single-dose azithromycin [1]. A World Health Organization (WHO)-led program aims to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem globally by 2020 [2]. Yaws is a cause of skin, bone, and cartilage disease. The causative organism is a spirochaete bacterium, Treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue, which is susceptible to single-dose azithromycin [3]. A WHO-led program aims to eradicate yaws globally by 2020 [4]. These diseases are both found in hard-to-reach populations-they affect the poorest people living in the most remote areas of the countries where they're found-and have some apparent similarity in the methods recommended to counter them. Maximum synergy between programs is possible only if the two diseases affect the same communities, and if program goals permit alignment of work. Trachoma's elimination as a public health problem means "the reduction of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity or mortality to a locally acceptable level as a result of deliberate efforts" [5], whereas yaws eradication requires "permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts" [5]-a quite different goal. This symposium reviews the extent to which the epidemiologies of and management strategies for these diseases actually overlap, to determine areas for mutually beneficial collaboration. C1 [Solomon, Anthony W.; Mikhailov, Alexei; Asiedu, Kingsley; Jannin, Jean; Engels, Dirk] WHO, Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Marks, Michael; Mabey, David C. W.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, Dept Clin Res, London WC1, England. [Marks, Michael; Mabey, David C. W.] Hosp Trop Dis, London NW1 0PE, England. [Martin, Diana L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. [Flueckiger, Rebecca M.] Task Force Global Hlth, Int Trachoma Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mitja, Oriol] Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, Barcelona Ctr Int Hlth Res, Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Barcelona, Spain. [Mitja, Oriol] Newcrest Min, Lihir Med Ctr Int SOS, Port Moresby, Lihir Island, Papua N Guinea. RP Solomon, AW (reprint author), WHO, Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM solomona@who.int OI Marks, Michael/0000-0002-7585-4743; Mitja, Oriol/0000-0003-3266-8868; Solomon, Anthony/0000-0001-7101-6649 FU Wellcome Trust [102807]; United Kingdom's Department for International Development to Sightsavers [ARIES: 203145] FX MM is supported by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Fellowship (102807). RMF is supported by the Global Trachoma Mapping Project grant from the United Kingdom's Department for International Development to Sightsavers (ARIES: 203145), from which a sub-award is provided to the International Trachoma Initiative. These funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. No specific funding was received to facilitate the completion of this symposium. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 12 AR e0004071 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004071 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA DB2NG UT WOS:000368345100002 PM 26633176 ER PT J AU Zivcec, M Metcalfe, MG Albarino, CG Guerrero, LW Pegan, SD Spiropoulou, CF Bergeron, E AF Zivcec, Marko Metcalfe, Maureen G. Albarino, Cesar G. Guerrero, Lisa W. Pegan, Scott D. Spiropoulou, Christina F. Bergeron, Eric TI Assessment of Inhibitors of Pathogenic Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Strains Using Virus-Like Particles SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; CYTOPLASMIC TAIL; GENERATION; GLYCOPROTEINS; REASSORTANTS; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; INTERACTS; GENETICS AB Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an often lethal, acute inflammatory illness that affects a large geographic area. The disease is caused by infection with CCHF virus (CCHFV), a nairovirus from the Bunyaviridae family. Basic research on CCHFV has been severely hampered by biosafety requirements and lack of available strains and molecular tools. We report the development of a CCHF transcription-and entry-competent virus-like particle (tecVLP) system that can be used to study cell entry and viral transcription/replication over a broad dynamic range (similar to 4 orders of magnitude). The tecVLPs are morphologically similar to authentic CCHFV. Incubation of immortalized and primary human cells with tecVLPs results in a strong reporter signal that is sensitive to treatment with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and by small molecule inhibitors of CCHFV. We used glycoproteins and minigenomes from divergent CCHFV strains to generate tecVLPs, and in doing so, we identified a monoclonal antibody that can prevent cell entry of tecVLPs containing glycoproteins from 3 pathogenic CCHFV strains. In addition, our data suggest that different glycoprotein moieties confer different cellular entry efficiencies, and that glycoproteins from the commonly used strain IbAr10200 have up to 100-fold lower ability to enter primary human cells compared to glycoproteins from pathogenic CCHFV strains. C1 [Zivcec, Marko; Albarino, Cesar G.; Guerrero, Lisa W.; Spiropoulou, Christina F.; Bergeron, Eric] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Metcalfe, Maureen G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pegan, Scott D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zivcec, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM ebergeron@cdc.gov OI Zivcec, Marko/0000-0003-4337-8487 FU National Institute of Health [R01AI109008] FX This work was funded in part through National Institute of Health grant R01AI109008. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 12 AR e0004259 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004259 PG 23 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA DB2NG UT WOS:000368345100034 PM 26625182 ER PT J AU Barile, JP Mitchell, SA Thompson, WW Zack, MM Reeve, BB Cella, D Smith, AW AF Barile, John P. Mitchell, Sandra A. Thompson, William W. Zack, Matthew M. Reeve, Bryce B. Cella, David Smith, Ashley Wilder TI Patterns of Chronic Conditions and Their Associations With Behaviors and Quality of Life, 2010 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE CHRONIC CONDITIONS; MENTAL-ILLNESS; IMPROVING HEALTH; MULTIMORBIDITY; ADULTS; OUTCOMES; OBESITY; SYSTEM; CARE AB Introduction Co-occurring chronic health conditions elevate the risk of poor health outcomes such as death and disability, are associated with poor quality of life, and magnify the complexities of self-management, care coordination, and treatment planning. This study assessed patterns of both singular and multiple chronic conditions, behavioral risk factors, and quality of life in a population-based sample. Methods In a national survey, adults (n = 4,184) answered questions about the presence of 27 chronic conditions. We used latent class analysis to identify patterns of chronic conditions and to explore associations of latent class membership with sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors, and health. Results Latent class analyses indicated 4 morbidity profiles: a healthy class (class 1), a class with predominantly physical health conditions (class 2), a class with predominantly mental health conditions (class 3), and a class with both physical and mental health conditions (class 4). Class 4 respondents reported significantly worse physical health and well-being and more days of activity limitation than those in the other latent classes. Class 4 respondents were also more likely to be obese and sedentary, and those with predominantly mental health conditions were most likely to be current smokers. Conclusions Subgroups with distinct patterns of chronic conditions can provide direction for screening and surveillance, guideline development, and the delivery of complex care services. C1 [Barile, John P.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Psychol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Mitchell, Sandra A.; Smith, Ashley Wilder] NCI, Rockville, MD USA. [Thompson, William W.; Zack, Matthew M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Reeve, Bryce B.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cella, David] Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Barile, JP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Psychol, 2530 Dole St,Sakamaki C400, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Barile@hawaii.edu RI Barile, John/F-9456-2015 OI Barile, John/0000-0003-4098-0640 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 AR 150179 DI 10.5888/pcd12.150179 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB7AC UT WOS:000368665800012 ER PT J AU Kim, SY Kotelchuck, M Wilson, HG Diop, H Shapiro-Mendoza, CK England, LJ AF Kim, Shin Y. Kotelchuck, Milton Wilson, Hoyt G. Diop, Hafsatou Shapiro-Mendoza, Carrie K. England, Lucinda J. TI Prevalence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, by Maternal Diabetes Status at First and Second Deliveries, Massachusetts, 1998-2007 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; MELLITUS; BIRTHS; HYPERGLYCEMIA; PREVENTION; RECURRENCE; METFORMIN; GLUCOSE; OBESITY; TRENDS AB Introduction Understanding patterns of diabetes prevalence and diabetes-related complications across pregnancies could inform chronic disease prevention efforts. We examined adverse birth outcomes by diabetes status among women with sequential, live singleton deliveries. Methods We used data from the 1998-2007 Massachusetts Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal Data System, a population-based cohort of deliveries. We restricted the sample to sets of parity 1 and 2 deliveries. We created 8 diabetes categories using gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and chronic diabetes mellitus (CDM) status for the 2 deliveries. Adverse outcomes included large for gestational age (LGA), macrosomia, preterm birth, and cesarean delivery. We computed prevalence estimates for each outcome by diabetes status. Results We identified 133,633 women with both parity 1 and 2 deliveries. Compared with women who had no diabetes in either pregnancy, women with GDM or CDM during any pregnancy had increased risk for adverse birth outcomes; the prevalence of adverse outcomes was higher in parity 1 deliveries among women with no diabetes in parity 1 and GDM in parity 2 (for LGA [8.5% vs 15.1%], macrosomia [9.7% vs. 14.9%], cesarean delivery [24.7% vs 31.3%], and preterm birth [7.7% vs 12.9%]); and higher in parity 2 deliveries among those with GDM in parity 1 and no diabetes in parity 2 (for LGA [12.3% vs 18.2%], macrosomia [12.3% vs 17.2%], and cesarean delivery [27.0% vs 37.9%]). Conclusions Women with GDM during one of 2 sequential pregnancies had elevated risk for adverse outcomes in the unaffected pregnancy, whether the diabetes-affected pregnancy preceded or followed it. C1 [Kim, Shin Y.; England, Lucinda J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Kotelchuck, Milton] MassGen Hosp Children, Boston, MA USA. [Kotelchuck, Milton] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Wilson, Hoyt G.] DB Consulting Grp Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Diop, Hafsatou] Bur Family Hlth & Nutr, Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Kim, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM skim1@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 AR 150362 DI 10.5888/pcd12.150362 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB7AC UT WOS:000368665800008 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Patel, R Kegler, MC Brener, ND King, BA AF Kruger, Judy Patel, Roshni Kegler, Michelle C. Brener, Nancy D. King, Brian A. TI National and State Attitudes of US Adults Toward Tobacco-Free School Grounds, 2009-2010 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SECONDHAND SMOKE; EXPOSURE; POLICIES; NORMS AB Introduction Schools are an important environment for addressing tobacco use among youth. Tobacco-free school policies can help reduce the social acceptability of tobacco use and prevent tobacco initiation among youth. This study assessed attitudes toward tobacco-free school grounds among US adults. Methods Data came from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a telephone survey of adults aged 18 or older in the 50 US states and District of Columbia. Respondents were considered to have a favorable attitude toward tobacco-free school grounds if they reported tobacco use should be completely banned on school grounds, including fields and parking lots, and at all school events. Data were assessed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression, overall and by tobacco use status. Correlates were sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, income, sexual orientation, US region, and whether respondent lived with any children aged 17 years or younger. Results Nationally, 86.1% of adults had a favorable attitude toward tobacco- free school grounds, with larger percentages among nontobacco users (91.9%) than current users (76.1%). State prevalence ranged from 80.0% (Kentucky) to 90.9% (Washington). Overall odds of favorable attitudes were higher among nontobacco users (referent, current users), women (referent, men), and adults aged 25 or older (referent, aged 18-24); odds were lower among residents of the South (referent, West) and lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender adults (referent, heterosexual or straight). Conclusion Nearly 9 in 10 US adults have a favorable attitude toward tobaccofree school grounds, but attitudes vary across states and subpopulations. Opportunities exist to educate the public about the benefits of tobacco-free school grounds, which might help reduce tobacco use among youth. C1 [Kruger, Judy; King, Brian A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Patel, Roshni] DB Consulting Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kegler, Michelle C.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Brener, Nancy D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jkruger@cdc.gov FU National Cancer Institute under the State and Community Tobacco Control Initiative [UO1-CA154282] FX We acknowledge Dr Rebecca Murphy-Hoefer for providing scientific guidance on an early draft of the manuscript. Funding for Dr Michelle Kegler's contribution to this work was provided by the National Cancer Institute under the State and Community Tobacco Control Initiative, grant no. UO1-CA154282. There were no sources of funding, direct or indirect, for other authors for this research. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 AR 150353 DI 10.5888/pcd12.150353 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB7AC UT WOS:000368665800019 ER PT J AU Losby, JL Vaughan, M Davis, R Tucker-Brown, A AF Losby, Jan L. Vaughan, Marla Davis, Rachel Tucker-Brown, Aisha TI Arriving at Results Efficiently: Using the Enhanced Evaluability Assessment Approach SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; CARE AB Evidence, particularly practice-based evidence, is needed to guide public health practice. With the goal of contributing to practice-based evidence, the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention combined and streamlined aspects of an evaluability assessment and an effectiveness evaluation to create the Enhanced Evaluability Assessment (EEA). This approach offers a viable and less costly alternative to evaluators and practitioners by quickly identifying and evaluating models with evidence of effectiveness that can be replicated and expanded. The EEA can be applied to a range of public health topics, not just cardiovascular health. This article provides a step-by-step description of the EEA. C1 [Losby, Jan L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prescript Drug Overdose Hlth Syst & State Support, Hlth Syst & Trauma Syst Branch, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Vaughan, Marla; Davis, Rachel; Tucker-Brown, Aisha] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Losby, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prescript Drug Overdose Hlth Syst & State Support, Hlth Syst & Trauma Syst Branch, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlosby@cdc.gov FU CDC [200-2008-27957] FX The authors recognize the evaluation contractor, ICF International, for implementing 3 EEAs. This work was supported in part by a contract (contract number 200-2008-27957) from CDC. At the time of this work, Dr Losby was with the Evaluation and Program Effectiveness Team, Applied Research and Evaluation Branch, DHDSP, CDC. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 AR 150413 DI 10.5888/pcd12.150413 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB7AC UT WOS:000368665800014 ER PT J AU Okoro, CA Zhao, GX Dhingra, SS Xu, F AF Okoro, Catherine A. Zhao, Guixiang Dhingra, Satvinder S. Xu, Fang TI Lack of Health Insurance Among Adults Aged 18 to 64 Years: Findings From the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID AFFORDABLE CARE ACT; MEDICAID EXPANSIONS; COVERAGE; ACCESS; REFORM; MORTALITY AB Introduction The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of lack of health insurance among adults aged 18 to 64 years for each state and the United States and to describe populations without insurance. Methods We used 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to categorize states into 3 groups on the basis of the prevalence of lack of health insurance in each state compared with the national average (21.5%; 95% confidence interval, 21.1%-21.8%): high-insured states (states with an estimated prevalence of lack of health insurance below the national average), average-insured states (states with an estimated prevalence of lack of health insurance equivalent to the national average), and low-insured states (states with an estimated prevalence of lack of health insurance higher than the national average). Results Compared with the national age-adjusted prevalence of lack of health insurance, 24 states had lower rates of uninsured residents, 12 states had equivalent rates of uninsured, and 15 states had higher rates of uninsured. Compared with adults in the high-insured and average-insured state groups, adults in the low-insured state group were more likely to be non-Hispanic black or Hispanic, to have less than a high school education, to be previously married (divorced, widowed, or separated), and to have an annual household income at or below $35,000. Seventy-one percent of high-insured states were expanding Medicaid eligibility compared with 67% of average-insured states and 40% of low-insured states. Conclusion Large variations exist among states in the estimated prevalence of health insurance. Many uninsured Americans reside in states that have opted out of Medicaid expansion. C1 [Okoro, Catherine A.; Zhao, Guixiang; Xu, Fang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Populat Hlth Surveillance Branch, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS F-78, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dhingra, Satvinder S.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Okoro, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Populat Hlth Surveillance Branch, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS F-78, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cokoro@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 AR 150328 DI 10.5888/pcd12.150328 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB7AC UT WOS:000368665800021 ER PT J AU Lin, L Benard, VB Greek, A Hawkins, NA Roland, KB Saraiya, M AF Lin, Lavinia Benard, Vicki B. Greek, April Hawkins, Nikki A. Roland, Katherine B. Saraiya, Mona TI Racial and ethnic differences in human papillomavirus positivity and risk factors among low-income women in Federally Qualified Health Centers in the United States SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Human papillomavirus; Hispanics; Ethnicity; Risk behaviors ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; CERVICAL-CANCER; HPV INFECTION; PREVALENCE; VACCINATION; FEMALES AB Reasons for racial/ethnic disparities in HPV infection are unclear. This study assessed racial/ethnic differences in and risk factors for HPV positivity among low-income women. Data were collected from 984 low-income women visiting Federally Qualified Health Centers across Illinois (2009-2011). Pearson chi square and Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations with HPV positivity. Our results showed Mexican-born Hispanics had the lowest HPV positivity (16%), followed by non-Hispanic whites (29%), US-born Hispanics (35%), and non-Hispanic blacks (39%). Mexican-born Hispanics reported fewer risk behaviors for HPV positivity, including first sexual intercourse before age 16 years (9% versus 27%), multiple sexual partners in lifetime (48% versus 90%), and current cigarette smoking status (10% versus 35%) when compared to non-Hispanic whites (p < 0.001). In multivariate-adjusted logistic regression, being non-Hispanic black, first sexual intercourse before age 16 years, increasing numbers of recent or lifetime sexual partners and current cigarette smoking status were associated with a higher likelihood of HPV positivity. Our findings highlight racial/ethnic differences in HPV positivity and risk factors in a population of women with similar socioeconomic characteristics. When measuring HPV risk factors within the Hispanic population, foreign-born status and other mediating factors, such as social norms and cultural characteristics, may be relevant to assess the intragroup heterogeneity. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lin, Lavinia; Benard, Vicki B.; Hawkins, Nikki A.; Roland, Katherine B.; Saraiya, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Greek, April] Battelle Mem Inst, Div Hlth & Analyt, Seattle, WA USA. RP Benard, VB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM vdb9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2002-00573, 0006, 0017] FX The study was supported by Contract Number 200-2002-00573, Task Order No. 0006 and No. 0017, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This research was supported in part by an appointment (L. Lin) to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 EI 1096-0260 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 81 BP 258 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.08.027 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA DB3OP UT WOS:000368421300039 PM 26361751 ER PT J AU Zhao, LH Song, Y Xiao, L Palipudi, K Asma, S AF Zhao, Luhua Song, Yang Xiao, Lin Palipudi, Krishna Asma, Samira TI Factors influencing quit attempts among male daily smokers in China. SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE China; Global Adult Tobacco Survey; Smoking; Quit attempt ID CIGARETTE PURCHASE PATTERNS; 4 COUNTRY SURVEY; TOBACCO CONTROL; SMOKING-CESSATION; ADULT SMOKERS; PRICES; PREDICTORS; PROJECTIONS; BEHAVIORS; CITIES AB Background. China has the largest population of smokers in the world, yet the quit rate is low. We used data from the 2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey China to identify factors influencing quit attempts among male Chinese daily smokers. Methods. The study sample included 3303 male daily smokers. To determine the factors that were significantly associated with making a quit attempt, we conducted logistic regression analyses. In addition, mediation analyses were carried out to investigate how the intermediate association among demographics (age, education, urbanicity) and smoking-related variables affected making a quit attempt. Results. An estimated 11.0% of male daily smokers tried to quit smoking in the 12 months prior to the survey. Logistic regression analysis indicated that younger age (15-24 years), being advised to quit by a health care provider (HCP) in the past 12 months, lower cigarette cost per pack, monthly or less frequent exposure to smoking at home, and awareness of the harms of tobacco use were significantly associated with making a quit attempt. Additional mediation analyses showed that having knowledge of the harm of tobacco, exposure to smoking at home, and having been advised to quit by an HCP were mediators of making a quit attempt for other independent variables. Conclusion. Evidence-based tobacco control measures such as conducting educational campaigns on the harms of tobacco use, establishing smoke-free policies at home, and integrating tobacco cessation advice into primary health care services can increase quit attempts and reduce smoking among male Chinese daily smokers. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Luhua; Palipudi, Krishna] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Song, Yang; Asma, Samira] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Xiao, Lin] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Tobacco Control, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, LH (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, MS F79,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM itz8@cdc.gov FU CDC Foundation FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC) or the Global Adult Tobacco Survey partner organizations. Technical assistance is provided by the US CDC, the World Health Organization, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and RTI International. Program support is provided by the CDC Foundation. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 EI 1096-0260 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 81 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.09.020 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA DB3OP UT WOS:000368421300056 PM 26441296 ER PT J AU Perin, DMP Saraiya, M Thompson, TD de Moura, L Simoes, EJ Parra, DC Brownson, RC AF Perin, Douglas M. Puricelli Saraiya, Mona Thompson, Trevor D. de Moura, Lenildo Simoes, Eduardo J. Parra, Diana C. Brownson, Ross C. TI Providers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to colorectal cancer control in Brazil SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Colorectal neoplasms; Health care surveys; Mass screening; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Personnel ID SERVICES TASK-FORCE; PATIENT; HEALTH; RATES; RECOMMENDATION; PARTICIPATION; POLYPECTOMY; TRIAL AB In Brazil, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death among men, and the third most common among women. We aimed to examine CRC screening-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among physicians and nurses working in Brazil's network of health units, and to describe the capacity of these units for CRC screening. In 2011, 1600 health units were randomly selected from all 26 states and the Federal District. One coordinator and one health care provider were selected for the interview. Response rates were 78% for coordinators, 34% for physicians, and 65% for nurses. The Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) recommendations for CRC screening were not often used in the health units, but screening outreach and use of CRC exams were more common in units that were using them. Physicians and nurses differed in most characteristics, and in their knowledge, attitudes, and practices of CRC screening. Forty-seven percent of physicians reported not conducting CRC screening compared to 65% of nurses. Fecal occult blood test was most often used by physicians and nurses, but fewer physicians than nurses perceived this exam as very effective in reducing CRC mortality. Physicians' gender, years since graduation, and geographical region of practice in Brazil were associated to CRC screening practice. The findings may reflect the low influence of INCA CRC screening recommendations, physicians receiving their medical education when CRC burden in Brazil was of low concern, and the lack of CRC screening capacity in some regions of Brazil. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Perin, Douglas M. Puricelli; Saraiya, Mona; Thompson, Trevor D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [de Moura, Lenildo] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Tech Unit Social Determinants & Risk Factors Chro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Simoes, Eduardo J.] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Management & Informat, Columbia, MO USA. [Parra, Diana C.] Washington Univ, St Louis Sch Med, Program Phys Therapy, St Louis, MO USA. [Parra, Diana C.] Washington Univ, St Louis Sch Med, Dept Surg Prevent, St Louis, MO USA. [Brownson, Ross C.] Washington Univ, Brown Sch, Prevent Res Ctr St Louis, St Louis, MO USA. [Brownson, Ross C.] Washington Univ, Div Publ Hlth Sci, St Louis Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. [Brownson, Ross C.] Washington Univ, Alvin J Siteman Canc Ctr, St Louis Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MSaraiya@cdc.gov OI Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U48/DP001903, U36/CCU300430]; Prevention Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis; Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health FX This study was supported by Cooperative Agreement U48/DP001903 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with the Prevention Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis. The analysis was supported by Cooperative Agreement number U36/CCU300430 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health. The findings and conclusions of this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of CDC or ASPPH. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 EI 1096-0260 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 81 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.09.021 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA DB3OP UT WOS:000368421300058 PM 26441300 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, Z Malone, M Rodriguez, J Saraiya, M AF Berkowitz, Z. Malone, M. Rodriguez, J. Saraiya, M. TI Providers' beliefs about the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in preventing cancer and their recommended age groups for vaccination: Findings from a provider survey, 2012 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HPV vaccine recommendations; Cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar and cancers; Vaccine initiation; HPV vaccine knowledge ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; UNITED-STATES; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; ADOLESCENT VACCINES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; HEALTH; INFECTION; INITIATION; INTENTION AB Background. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was recommended in 2007 by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) to preadolescent and adolescent girls. Vaccination initiation was recommended at age 11-12 years with the option to start at age 9. Catchup vaccination was recommended to females aged 13-26 previously not vaccinated. However, vaccination coverage remains low. Studies show that the HPV vaccine can prevent cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal and some oropharyngeal cancers and that provider recommendation of vaccines can improve low vaccination rates. Methods. Using data from 2012 DocStyles, an annual, web-based survey of U.S. healthcare professionals including physicians and nurse practitioners (n = 1753), we examined providers' knowledge about the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in preventing cancer and their vaccine recommendation to all age-eligible females (9-26 years). Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to assess differences across specialties. Results. Knowledge about HPV vaccine effectiveness in preventing cervical cancer was highly prevalent (96.9%), but less so for anal, vaginal, vulvar and oropharyngeal cancers. Only 14.5% of providers recommended the vaccine to all age-eligible females and 20.2% recommended it to females aged 11-26 years. Knowledge assessment of cancers associated with HPV and vaccination recommendations varied significantly among providers (p < 0.01). Providers more frequently recommended the vaccine to girls older than 11-12 years. Conclusions. Improving providers' knowledge about HPV-associated cancers and the age for vaccination initiation, communicating messages focusing on the vaccine safety and benefits in cancer prevention and on the importance of its delivery prior to sexual onset, may improve HPV vaccine coverage. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Berkowitz, Z.; Rodriguez, J.; Saraiya, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Malone, M.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Berkowitz, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zab3@cdc.gov; mmalone829@gmail.com OI saraiya, mona/0000-0002-4527-828X NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 EI 1096-0260 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 81 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.10.007 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA DB3OP UT WOS:000368421300063 PM 26598805 ER PT J AU Olaiya, O Sharma, AJ Tong, VT Dee, D Quinn, C Agaku, IT Conrey, EJ Kuiper, NM Satten, GA AF Olaiya, Oluwatosin Sharma, Andrea J. Tong, Van T. Dee, Deborah Quinn, Celia Agaku, Israel T. Conrey, Elizabeth J. Kuiper, Nicole M. Satten, Glen A. TI Impact of the 5As brief counseling on smoking cessation among pregnant clients of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics in Ohio SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Smoking cessation; Pregnancy; Counseling; WIC; Ohio ID SELF-REPORTED SMOKING; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PRENATAL SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; US; INTERVENTIONS; PREVALENCE; UPDATE; COHORT AB Objectives. We assessed whether smoking cessation improved among pregnant smokers who attended Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Supplemental Nutrition Program clinics trained to implement a brief smoking cessation counseling intervention, the 5As: ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange. Methods. In Ohio, staff in 38 WIC clinics were trained to deliver the 5As from 2006 through 2010. Using 2005-2011 Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System data, we performed conditional logistic regression, stratified on clinic, to estimate the relationship between women's exposure to the 5As and the odds of self-reported quitting during pregnancy. Reporting bias for quitting was assessed by examining whether differences in infants' birth weight by quit status differed by clinic training status. Results. Of 71,526 pregnant smokers at WIC enrollment, 23% quit. Odds of quitting were higher among women who attended a clinic after versus before clinic staff was trained (adjusted odds ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.29). The adjusted mean infant birth weight was, on average, 96 g higher among women who reported quitting (P < 0.0001), regardless of clinic training status. Conclusions. Training all Ohio WIC clinics to deliver the 5As may promote quitting among pregnant smokers, and thus is an important strategy to improve maternal and child health outcomes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Olaiya, Oluwatosin; Sharma, Andrea J.; Tong, Van T.; Dee, Deborah; Conrey, Elizabeth J.; Satten, Glen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Olaiya, Oluwatosin; Quinn, Celia; Agaku, Israel T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Sci, Sci Educ & Profess Dev Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sharma, Andrea J.; Dee, Deborah] US PHS, Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA USA. [Quinn, Celia; Conrey, Elizabeth J.] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Agaku, Israel T.; Kuiper, Nicole M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Olaiya, O (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM oolaiya@cdc.gov OI Sharma, Andrea/0000-0003-0385-0011 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 EI 1096-0260 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 81 BP 438 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.10.011 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA DB3OP UT WOS:000368421300068 PM 26529063 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Wiener, J Chang, TS Dollard, SC Amin, MM Ellington, S Kayira, D van der Horst, C Jamieson, DJ AF Kourtis, Athena P. Wiener, Jeffrey Chang, Tiffany S. Dollard, Sheila C. Amin, Minal M. Ellington, Sascha Kayira, Dumbani van der Horst, Charles Jamieson, Denise J. CA BAN Study Team TI Cytomegalovirus IgG Level and Avidity in Breastfeeding Infants of HIV-Infected Mothers in Malawi SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CMV INFECTION; CHILDREN; VIRUS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; PROGRESSION; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODY; DISEASE; MILK AB Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common among infants of HIV-infected mothers in resource-limited settings. We examined the prevalence and timing of infant CMV infection during the first year of life using IgG antibody and avidity among HIV-exposed infants in Malawi and correlated the results with the presence of detectable CMV DNA in the blood. The Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals and Nutrition (BAN) study randomized 2,369 mothers and their infants to maternal antiretrovirals, infant nevirapine, or neither for 28 weeks of breastfeeding, followed by weaning. Stored plasma specimens were tested for CMV IgG and antibody avidity from a random subset of infants who had been previously tested with blood CMV PCR and had available specimens at birth and at 24 and 48 weeks of age. Ninety-four of 127 infants (74.0%) tested at 24 weeks of age had CMV IgG of low or intermediate avidity, signifying primary CMV infections. An additional 22 infants (17.3%) had IgG of high avidity; 19 of them had CMV DNA detected in their blood, indicating infant infections. Taken together, these results show that the estimated prevalence of CMV infection at 24 weeks was 88.9%. By 48 weeks of age, 81.3% of infants had anti-CMV IgG; most of them (70.9%) had IgG of high avidity. The CMV serology and avidity testing, combined with the PCR results, confirmed a high rate of primary CMV infection by 6 months of life among breastfeeding infants of HIV-infected mothers. The CMV PCR in blood detected most, but not all, infant CMV infections. C1 [Kourtis, Athena P.; Wiener, Jeffrey; Dollard, Sheila C.; Amin, Minal M.; Ellington, Sascha; Jamieson, Denise J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Chang, Tiffany S.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kayira, Dumbani] UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. [van der Horst, Charles] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov FU Prevention Research Centers Special Interest Project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [SIP 13-01 U48-CCU409660-09, SIP 26-04 U48-DP000059-01, SIP 22-09 U48-DP001944-01]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research [P30-AI50410]; NIH Fogarty AIDS International Training and Research Program [DHHS/NIH/FIC 2-D43 Tw01039-06, R24 Tw00798]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP53107]; Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation; United Nations Children's Fund; World Food Program; Malawi Ministry of Health and Population; Johnson Johnson; U.S. Agency for International Development FX The Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals and Nutrition Study was supported by grants from the Prevention Research Centers Special Interest Project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (SIP 13-01 U48-CCU409660-09, SIP 26-04 U48-DP000059-01, and SIP 22-09 U48-DP001944-01), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research (P30-AI50410), the NIH Fogarty AIDS International Training and Research Program (DHHS/NIH/FIC 2-D43 Tw01039-06 and R24 Tw00798, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act); and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant OPP53107). The Call to Action PMTCT program was supported by the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, the United Nations Children's Fund, the World Food Program, the Malawi Ministry of Health and Population, Johnson & Johnson, and the U.S. Agency for International Development. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 EI 1556-679X J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1222 EP 1226 DI 10.1128/CVI.00460-15 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA DA8EI UT WOS:000368037500001 PM 26424831 ER PT J AU Althouse, BM Scarpino, SV Meyers, LA Ayers, JW Bargsten, M Baumbach, J Brownstein, JS Castro, L Clapham, H Cummings, DAT Del Valle, S Eubank, S Fairchild, G Finelli, L Generous, N George, D Harper, DR Hebert-Dufresne, L Johansson, MA Konty, K Lipsitch, M Milinovich, G Miller, JD Nsoesie, EO Olson, DR Paul, M Polgreen, PM Priedhorsky, R Read, JM Rodriguez-Barraquer, I Smith, DJ Stefansen, C Swerdlow, DL Thompson, D Vespignani, A Wesolowski, A AF Althouse, Benjamin M. Scarpino, Samuel V. Meyers, Lauren Ancel Ayers, John W. Bargsten, Marisa Baumbach, Joan Brownstein, John S. Castro, Lauren Clapham, Hannah Cummings, Derek A. T. Del Valle, Sara Eubank, Stephen Fairchild, Geoffrey Finelli, Lyn Generous, Nicholas George, Dylan Harper, David R. Hebert-Dufresne, Laurent Johansson, Michael A. Konty, Kevin Lipsitch, Marc Milinovich, Gabriel Miller, Joseph D. Nsoesie, Elaine O. Olson, Donald R. Paul, Michael Polgreen, Philip M. Priedhorsky, Reid Read, Jonathan M. Rodriguez-Barraquer, Isabel Smith, Derek J. Stefansen, Christian Swerdlow, David L. Thompson, Deborah Vespignani, Alessandro Wesolowski, Amy TI Enhancing disease surveillance with novel data streams: challenges and opportunities SO EPJ DATA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disease surveillance; novel data streams; digital surveillance ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; PREDICTION AB Novel data streams (NDS), such as web search data or social media updates, hold promise for enhancing the capabilities of public health surveillance. In this paper, we outline a conceptual framework for integrating NDS into current public health surveillance. Our approach focuses on two key questions: What are the opportunities for using NDS and what are the minimal tests of validity and utility that must be applied when using NDS? Identifying these opportunities will necessitate the involvement of public health authorities and an appreciation of the diversity of objectives and scales across agencies at different levels (local, state, national, international). We present the case that clearly articulating surveillance objectives and systematically evaluating NDS and comparing the performance of NDS to existing surveillance data and alternative NDS data is critical and has not sufficiently been addressed in many applications of NDS currently in the literature. C1 [Althouse, Benjamin M.; Scarpino, Samuel V.; Meyers, Lauren Ancel; Hebert-Dufresne, Laurent] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Meyers, Lauren Ancel] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ayers, John W.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Bargsten, Marisa; Baumbach, Joan; Thompson, Deborah] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Brownstein, John S.; Nsoesie, Elaine O.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Childrens Hosp Informat Program, Boston, MA USA. [Brownstein, John S.; Nsoesie, Elaine O.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Brownstein, John S.] McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Castro, Lauren; Del Valle, Sara; Fairchild, Geoffrey; Generous, Nicholas; Priedhorsky, Reid] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Def Syst & Anal Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Clapham, Hannah; Cummings, Derek A. T.; Rodriguez-Barraquer, Isabel] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Eubank, Stephen] Virginia Tech, Virginia BioInformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Eubank, Stephen] Virginia Tech, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Finelli, Lyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [George, Dylan] US Dept HHS, BARDA, ASPR, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Harper, David R.] Chatham House, London SW1Y 4LE, England. [Johansson, Michael A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, NCEZID, San Juan, PR USA. [Konty, Kevin; Olson, Donald R.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. [Lipsitch, Marc; Wesolowski, Amy] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Communicable Dis Dynam, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Milinovich, Gabriel] Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Miller, Joseph D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, NCEZID, Atlanta, GA USA. [Paul, Michael] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Polgreen, Philip M.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Read, Jonathan M.] Univ Liverpool, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Liverpool CH64 7TE, Merseyside, England. [Read, Jonathan M.] NIHR, Hlth Protect Res Unit Emerging & Zoonot Infect, Liverpool L69 7BE, Merseyside, England. [Smith, Derek J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Stefansen, Christian] Google Inc, Mountain View, CA USA. [Swerdlow, David L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vespignani, Alessandro] Northeastern Univ, Lab Modeling Biol & Sociotech Syst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Althouse, BM (reprint author), Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM althouse@santafe.edu; scarpino@santafe.edu OI Read, Jonathan/0000-0002-9697-0962 FU Santa Fe Institute; NIH MIDAS Center of Excellence at the Harvard Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics; Frumkin Falco Family Foundation; Omidyar Group FX This publication arose from a Santa Fe Institute workshop entitled, "Next Generation Surveillance for the Next Pandemic." We wish to thank the attendees of this workshop, held May 18th-22nd, 2014 at the Santa Fe Insitute in Santa Fe NM, USA. We also gratefully acknowledge funding from the Santa Fe Institute, the NIH MIDAS Center of Excellence at the Harvard Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, William Sick, Mike Frumkin and the Frumkin Falco Family Foundation. BMA and SVS also acknowledge support from the Santa Fe Institute and the Omidyar Group. Approved for public release LA-UR-14-25873. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2193-1127 J9 EPJ DATA SCI JI EPJ Data Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 4 IS 1 AR 17 DI 10.1140/epjds/s13688-015-0054-0 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA DA8QE UT WOS:000368069900017 ER PT J AU Greiner, AL Angelo, KM McCollum, AM Mirkovic, K Arthur, R Angulo, FJ AF Greiner, Ashley L. Angelo, Kristina M. McCollum, Andrea M. Mirkovic, Kelsey Arthur, Ray Angulo, Frederick J. TI Addressing contact tracing challenges-critical to halting Ebola virus disease transmission SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Contact tracing; Ebola virus disease; Hemorrhagic fever; West Africa ID LIBERIA; OUTBREAK AB Background: Delayed and ineffective contact tracing contributed to the extensive transmission of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the 2014-2015 West African outbreak. Understanding and addressing the challenges to implementing and managing contact tracing is essential to stopping EVD transmission and preventing large-scale EVD outbreaks in the future. Methods: Interviews were conducted with United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff members engaged in contact tracing activities in the affected West African countries of Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, Senegal, Nigeria, and Mali from September through December 2014. Two staff members from each country were interviewed. The five most frequently cited contact tracing challenges were identified. Results: Challenges have been evident in every step of the contact tracing process from implementation to management, including identifying, locating, and enrolling contact-persons, as well as managing personnel and ensuring contact tracing performance. Common themes observed in all of the affected West African countries have included fear, stigma, and community misperceptions regarding EVD. Countries that have overcome these challenges, ensuring immediate and comprehensive contact tracing, have been successful in halting EVD transmission. Conclusions: Addressing challenges to contact tracing implementation and management in the West African EVD outbreak is essential to stopping ongoing transmission. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. C1 [Greiner, Ashley L.; Angelo, Kristina M.; Mirkovic, Kelsey] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McCollum, Andrea M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Arthur, Ray] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Task Force, Ebola Response 2014, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Angulo, Frederick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, High Risk Unaffected Countries Team, Int Task Force, Ebola Response 2014, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Greiner, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM agreiner@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 EI 1878-3511 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 41 BP 53 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.10.025 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DA8FI UT WOS:000368040100013 PM 26546808 ER PT J AU Yan, LX Bi, ZQ Tang, JL Wang, LH Yang, QH Guo, XL Cogswell, ME Zhang, XF Hong, YL Engelgau, M Zhang, JY Elliott, P Angell, SY Ma, JX AF Yan, Liuxia Bi, Zhenqiang Tang, Junli Wang, Linhong Yang, Quanhe Guo, Xiaolei Cogswell, Mary E. Zhang, Xiaofei Hong, Yuling Engelgau, Michael Zhang, Jiyu Elliott, Paul Angell, Sonia Y. Ma, Jixiang TI Relationships Between Blood Pressure and 24-Hour Urinary Excretion of Sodium and Potassium by Body Mass Index Status in Chinese Adults SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; WEIGHT-LOSS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HYPERTENSION; OBESITY; ASSOCIATION; OVERWEIGHT; INTERSALT; MEN; ELECTROLYTES AB This study examined the impact of overweight/obesity on sodium, potassium, and blood pressure associations using the Shandong-Ministry of Health Action on Salt Reduction and Hypertension (SMASH) project baseline survey data. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected in 1948 Chinese adults aged 18 to 69 years. The observed associations of sodium, potassium, sodium-potassium ratio, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were stronger in the overweight/obese population than among those of normal weight. Among overweight/obese respondents, each additional standard deviation (SD) higher of urinary sodium excretion (SD=85 mmol) and potassium excretion (SD=19 mmol) was associated with a 1.31 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.37-2.26) and -1.43 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, -2.23 to -0.63) difference in SBP, and each higher unit in sodium-potassium ratio was associated with a 0.54 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.75) increase in SBP. The association between sodium, potassium, sodium-potassium ratio, and prevalence of hypertension among overweight/obese patients was similar to that of SBP. Our study indicated that the relationships between BP and both urinary sodium and potassium might be modified by BMI status in Chinese adults. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Yan, Liuxia; Wang, Linhong; Ma, Jixiang] Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr, Dept Cardiovasc Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Bi, Zhenqiang; Tang, Junli; Guo, Xiaolei; Zhang, Jiyu] Shandong Univ, Acad Prevent Med, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. [Bi, Zhenqiang; Tang, Junli; Guo, Xiaolei; Zhang, Jiyu] Shandong Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Dept Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Preven, Jinan, Peoples R China. [Yang, Quanhe; Cogswell, Mary E.; Hong, Yuling] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zhang, Xiaofei] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hosp, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Engelgau, Michael; Angell, Sonia Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Elliott, Paul] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC PHE Ctr Environm & Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England. RP Ma, JX (reprint author), 27 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM zhang_xiaofei@hotmail.com; majix@163.com FU Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Noncommunicable and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention; Technical Development Plan in Shandong [2012GSF11828]; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR); Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) [P38084]; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT); NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Health Impact of Environmental Hazards; Medical Research Council - Public Health England (MRC-PHE) Centre for Environment and Health FX The survey on which this study was based was funded by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Noncommunicable and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, the Technical Development Plan in Shandong (implemented by Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, grant number 2012GSF11828). Paul Elliott is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), and Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (grant number P38084), the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, and the Medical Research Council - Public Health England (MRC-PHE) Centre for Environment and Health. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1524-6175 EI 1751-7176 J9 J CLIN HYPERTENS JI J. Clin. Hypertens. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 17 IS 12 BP 916 EP 925 DI 10.1111/jch.12658 PG 10 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA DA8RO UT WOS:000368074000003 PM 26332433 ER PT J AU Bailey, RL Cox-Ganser, JM Duling, MG LeBouf, RF Martin, SB Bledsoe, TA Green, BJ Kreiss, K AF Bailey, Rachel L. Cox-Ganser, Jean M. Duling, Matthew G. LeBouf, Ryan F. Martin, Stephen B., Jr. Bledsoe, Toni A. Green, Brett J. Kreiss, Kathleen TI Respiratory Morbidity in a Coffee Processing Workplace With Sentinel Obliterative Bronchiolitis Cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE obliterative bronchiolitis; diacetyl; 2,3-pentanedione; flavorings; coffee; asthma ID ROASTED COFFEE; LUNG-DISEASE; WORKERS; STANDARDIZATION; SYMPTOMS; EXPOSURE; GREEN; 2,3-PENTANEDIONE; POPULATION; FACILITY AB Rationale Obliterative bronchiolitis in former coffee workers prompted a cross-sectional study of current workers. Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione levels were highest in areas for flavoring and grinding/packaging unflavored coffee. Methods We interviewed 75 (88%) workers, measured lung function, and created exposure groups based on work history. We calculated standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) for symptoms and spirometric abnormalities. We examined health outcomes by exposure groups. Results SMRs were elevated 1.6-fold for dyspnea and 2.7-fold for obstruction. The exposure group working in both coffee flavoring and grinding/packaging of unflavored coffee areas had significantly lower mean ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity and percent predicted mid-expiratory flow than workers without such exposure. Conclusion Current workers have occupational lung morbidity associated with high diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione exposures, which were not limited to flavoring areas. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Bailey, Rachel L.; Cox-Ganser, Jean M.; Duling, Matthew G.; LeBouf, Ryan F.; Martin, Stephen B., Jr.; Kreiss, Kathleen] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Resp Hlth Div, Field Studies Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Bledsoe, Toni A.; Green, Brett J.] NIOSH, CDC, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Bailey, RL (reprint author), NIOSH, Field Studies Branch, Resp Hlth Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS H2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM feu2@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-3586 EI 1097-0274 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1235 EP 1245 DI 10.1002/ajim.22533 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA2ZZ UT WOS:000367667000002 PM 26523478 ER PT J AU Scinicariello, F Buser, MC AF Scinicariello, Franco Buser, Melanie C. TI Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Leukocyte Telomere Length: An Analysis of NHANES 1999-2002 SO EBIOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Polychlorinated biphenyls; Dioxin compounds; Leukocyte telomere length; NHANES ID NON-HODGKIN-LYMPHOMA; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; SKIN KERATINOCYTES HACAT; CELL-LINE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; C-MYC; CANCER; RISK; PCBS; DISEASE AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induce the expression of the proto-oncogene c-myc which has a role in cellular growth and proliferation programs. The c-myc up-regulates the telomerase reverse transcriptase which adds the telomeres repeating sequences to the chromosomal ends to compensate for the progressive loss of telomeric sequence. We performed multivariate linear regression to analyze the association of PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in the adult population (n=2413) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. LTL was natural log-transformed and the results were re-transformed and presented as percent differences. Individuals in the 3rd and 4th quartiles of the sum of PCBs were associated with 8.33% (95% CI: 4.08-13.88) and 11.63% (95% CI: 6.18-17.35) longer LTLs, respectively, compared with the lowest quartile, with evidence of a dose-response relationship (p-trend < 0.01). The association of the sum PCBs with longer LTL was found in both sexes. Additionally, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were associated with longer LTL. The age independent association between longer LTL and environmental exposures to PCBs, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin may support a role as tumor promoter of these compounds. Further studies to evaluate the effect of these compounds on LTL are needed to more fully understand the implications of our finding. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Scinicariello, Franco; Buser, Melanie C.] ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Human Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Scinicariello, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fes6@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-3964 J9 EBIOMEDICINE JI EBioMedicine PD DEC PY 2015 VL 2 IS 12 BP 1974 EP 1979 DI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.028 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DA1EC UT WOS:000367538100030 PM 26844276 ER PT J AU Nahar, N Uddin, M Gurley, ES Hossain, MJ Sultana, R Luby, SP AF Nahar, Nazmun Uddin, Main Gurley, Emily S. Hossain, M. Jahangir Sultana, Rebeca Luby, Stephen P. TI Cultural and Economic Motivation of Pig Raising Practices in Bangladesh SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE pig raising; zoonoses; culture; economy; Bangladesh; intervention ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; NIPAH VIRUS; HEALTH INTERVENTIONS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; TRANSMISSION; MALAYSIA; MORTALITY; TRIAL; RISK; CYSTICERCOSIS AB The interactions that pig raisers in Bangladesh have with their pigs could increase the risk of zoonotic disease transmission. Since raising pigs is a cultural taboo to Muslims, we aimed at understanding the motivation for raising pigs and resulting practices that could pose the risk of transmitting disease from pigs to humans in Bangladesh, a predominantly Muslim country. These understandings could help identify acceptable strategies to reduce the risk of disease transmission from pigs to people. To achieve this objective, we conducted 34 in-depth interviews among pig herders and backyard pig raisers in eight districts of Bangladesh. Informants explained that pig raising is an old tradition, embedded in cultural and religious beliefs and practices, the primary livelihood of pig herders, and a supplemental income of backyard pig raisers. To secure additional income, pig raisers sell feces, liver, bile, and other pig parts often used as traditional medicine. Pig raisers have limited economic ability to change the current practices that may put them at risk of exposure to diseases from their pigs. An intervention that improves their financial situation and reduces the risk of zoonotic disease may be of interest to pig raisers. C1 [Nahar, Nazmun; Uddin, Main; Gurley, Emily S.; Hossain, M. Jahangir; Sultana, Rebeca; Luby, Stephen P.] Icddr B, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Luby, Stephen P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nahar, N (reprint author), Icddr B, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM nahar.nazmun@yahoo.com RI Gurley, Emily/B-7903-2010; OI Gurley, Emily/0000-0002-8648-9403; Luby, Stephen/0000-0001-5385-899X FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), CoAg Grant [5-U01-CI000298-03] FX This study was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), CoAg Grant Number was: 5-U01-CI000298-03. icddr,b acknowledges with gratitude the commitment of CDC to the Centre's research efforts. We are grateful to our study participants for their time, cooperation, and invaluable information. We thank Nadia Ali Rimi, James Heffelfinger, Fernando Garcia, Diana DiazGranados, and Suzanne Jill Mueller for their review and editing. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 IS 4 BP 611 EP 620 DI 10.1007/s10393-015-1046-z PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA2LW UT WOS:000367627300010 PM 26122206 ER PT J AU Dudley, JP Hoberg, EP Jenkins, EJ Parkinson, AJ AF Dudley, Joseph P. Hoberg, Eric P. Jenkins, Emily J. Parkinson, Alan J. TI Climate Change in the North American Arctic: A One Health Perspective SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Review DE climate change; cultural resilience; environmental pollutants; indigenous peoples; One Health; parasites; wildlife diseases; zoonosis ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUSES; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; AVIAN INFLUENZA; POLAR BEARS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH AB Climate change is expected to increase the prevalence of acute and chronic diseases among human and animal populations within the Arctic and subarctic latitudes of North America. Warmer temperatures are expected to increase disease risks from food-borne pathogens, water-borne diseases, and vector-borne zoonoses in human and animal populations of Arctic landscapes. Existing high levels of mercury and persistent organic pollutant chemicals circulating within terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in Arctic latitudes are a major concern for the reproductive health of humans and other mammals, and climate warming will accelerate the mobilization and biological amplification of toxic environmental contaminants. The adverse health impacts of Arctic warming will be especially important for wildlife populations and indigenous peoples dependent upon subsistence food resources from wild plants and animals. Additional research is needed to identify and monitor changes in the prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in humans, domestic dogs, and wildlife species of critical subsistence, cultural, and economic importance to Arctic peoples. The long-term effects of climate warming in the Arctic cannot be adequately predicted or mitigated without a comprehensive understanding of the interactive and synergistic effects between environmental contaminants and pathogens in the health of wildlife and human communities in Arctic ecosystems. The complexity and magnitude of the documented impacts of climate change on Arctic ecosystems, and the intimacy of connections between their human and wildlife communities, makes this region an appropriate area for development of One Health approaches to identify and mitigate the effects of climate warming at the community, ecosystem, and landscape scales. C1 [Dudley, Joseph P.] Leidos Inc, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. [Dudley, Joseph P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hoberg, Eric P.] USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jenkins, Emily J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Parkinson, Alan J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Dudley, JP (reprint author), Leidos Inc, 20201 Century Blvd,Suite 105, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. EM jpdudley@alaska.edu FU Public Health Agency of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation (DEB-Biodiversity, Discovery and Analysis Program) [125810] FX This article is a contribution of the Beringian Coevolution Project and the Integrated Inventories of Biomes of the Arctic, supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (DEB-Biodiversity, Discovery and Analysis Program-125810) to J. A. Cook (University of New Mexico), E. P. Hoberg (U.S. National Parasite Collection), K. E. Galbreath (Northern Michigan University), and E. Dechaine (Western Washington University). Emily Jenkins' contribution was derived in part from research funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of any government agency or funding institution. NR 139 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 49 U2 132 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 IS 4 BP 713 EP 725 DI 10.1007/s10393-015-1036-1 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA2LW UT WOS:000367627300020 PM 26070525 ER PT J AU Alwis, KU deCastro, BR Morrow, JC Blount, BC AF Alwis, K. Udeni deCastro, B. Rey Morrow, John C. Blount, Benjamin C. TI Acrolein Exposure in US Tobacco Smokers and Non-Tobacco Users: NHANES 2005-2006 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-CONJUGATED ACROLEIN; MERCAPTURIC ACIDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN URINE; CIGARETTE SMOKERS; DNA-REPAIR; POPULATION; SMOKING; DISEASE; HEALTH AB BACKGROUND: Acrolein is a highly reactive alpha,beta unsaturated aldehyde and respiratory irritant. Acrolein is formed during combustion (e.g., burning tobacco or biomass), during high-temperature cooking of foods, and in vivo as a product of oxidative stress and polyamine metabolism. No biomonitoring reference data have been reported to characterize acrolein exposure for the U.S. population. OBJECTIVES: Our goals were to a) evaluate two acrolein metabolites in urine-N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (3HPMA) and N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine (CEMA)-as biomarkers of exposure to acrolein for the U.S. population by age, sex, race, and smoking status; and b) assess tobacco smoke as a predictor of acrolein exposure. METHODS: We analyzed urine from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005-2006) participants >= 12 years old (n = 2,866) for 3HPMA and CEMA using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass-spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MSMS). Sample-weighted linear regression models stratified for non-tobacco users versus tobacco smokers (as defined by serum cotinine and self-report) characterized the association of urinary 3HPMA and CEMA with tobacco smoke exposure, adjusting for urinary creatinine, sex, age, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS: 3HPMA and CEMA levels were higher among tobacco smokers (cigarettes, cigars, and pipe users) than among non-tobacco users. The median 3HPMA levels for tobacco smokers and non-tobacco users were 1,089 and 219 mu/g creatinine, respectively. Similarly, median CEMA levels were 203 mu g/g creatinine for tobacco smokers and 78.8 mu g/g creatinine for non-tobacco users. Regression analysis showed that serum cotinine was a significant positive predictor (p < 0.0001) of both 3HPMA and CEMA among tobacco smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoke was a significant predictor of acrolein exposure in the U.S. population. C1 [Alwis, K. Udeni; deCastro, B. Rey; Morrow, John C.; Blount, Benjamin C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Tobacco & Volatiles Branch, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Alwis, KU (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Tobacco & Volatiles Branch, Div Sci Lab, MS F-44,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM UAlwis@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 123 IS 12 BP 1302 EP 1308 DI 10.1289/ehp.1409251 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA DA1WS UT WOS:000367587000018 PM 26024353 ER PT J AU Maisonet, M Calafat, AM Marcus, M Jaakkola, JJK Lashen, H AF Maisonet, Mildred Calafat, Antonia M. Marcus, Michele Jaakkola, Jouni J. K. Lashen, Hany TI Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Serum Testosterone Concentrations at 15 Years of Age in Female ALSPAC Study Participants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN; METABOLIC SYNDROME; SEMEN QUALITY; WOMEN; PREGNANCY; COHORT; MOUSE AB BACKGROUND: Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) or to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) increases mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) subtype activity, which influences lipid metabolism. Because cholesterol is the substrate from which testosterone is synthesized, exposure to these substances has the potential to alter testosterone concentrations. OBJECTIVES: We explored associations of total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations at age 15 years with prenatal exposures to PFOS, PFOA, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluoronanoic acid (PFNA) in females. METHODS: Prenatal concentrations of the perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were measured in serum collected from pregnant mothers at enrollment (1991-1992) in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The median gestational age when the maternal blood sample was obtained was 16 weeks (interquartile range, 11-28 weeks). Total testosterone and SHBG concentrations were measured in serum obtained from their daughters at 15 years of age. Associations between prenatal PFAAs concentrations and reproductive outcomes were estimated using linear regression models (n = 72). Results: Adjusted total testosterone concentrations were on average 0.18-nmol/L (95% CI: 0.01, 0.35) higher in daughters with prenatal PFOS in the upper concentration tertile compared with daughters with prenatal PFOS in the lower tertile. Adjusted total testosterone concentrations were also higher in daughters with prenatal concentrations of PFOA (beta = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.43) and PFHxS (beta = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.35) in the upper tertile compared with daughters with concentrations in the lower tertile. We did not find evidence of associations between PFNA and total testosterone or between any of the PFAAs and SHBG. Conclusions: Our findings were based on a small study sample and should be interpreted with caution. However, they suggest that prenatal exposure to some PFAAs may alter testosterone concentrations in females. C1 [Maisonet, Mildred] E Tennessee State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Maisonet, Mildred; Jaakkola, Jouni J. K.] Univ Oulu, Fac Med, Ctr Environm & Resp Hlth Res, Oulu, Finland. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Marcus, Michele] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lashen, Hany] Univ Sheffield, Fac Med, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. RP Maisonet, M (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, POB 70259, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. EM maisonetnogu@etsu.edu RI Lashen, Hany/A-6936-2008; OI Lashen, Hany/0000-0002-7219-3492; Maisonet, Mildred/0000-0003-3561-2632 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, and Health Studies Branch; UK Medical Research Council; Wellcome Trust [092731]; University of Bristol; CDC; University of Oulu; East Tennessee State University FX We are extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists, and nurses. We also acknowledge the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, and Health Studies Branch for their support of this project.; The UK Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust (grant 092731), and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This research was also funded, in part, by the CDC, the University of Oulu, and the East Tennessee State University. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 123 IS 12 BP 1325 EP 1330 DI 10.1289/ehp.1408847 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA DA1WS UT WOS:000367587000021 PM 26034840 ER PT J AU Erdol, C Erguder, T Morton, J Palipudi, K Gupta, P Asma, S AF Erdol, Cevdet Erguder, Toker Morton, Jeremy Palipudi, Krishna Gupta, Prakash Asma, Samira TI Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking in Turkey: Policy Implications and Trends from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Symposium Small Solution for Big Water-Related Problems Innovative Microarrays and Small Sensors to Cope with Water Quality and Food Security CY OCT 26-28, 2014 CL Rome, ITALY DE waterpipe; shisha; tobacco smoking; Turkey AB Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is an emerging tobacco product globally, especially among adolescents and young adults who may perceive WTS as a safe alternative to smoking cigarettes. Monitoring the use of WTS in Turkey in relation to the tobacco control policy context is important to ensure that WTS does not become a major public health issue in Turkey. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) was conducted in Turkey in 2008 and was repeated in 2012. GATS provided prevalence estimates on current WTS and change over time. Other indicators of WTS were also obtained, such as age of initiation and location of use. Among persons aged 15 and older in Turkey, the current prevalence of WTS decreased from 2.3% in 2008 to 0.8% in 2012, representing a 65% relative decline. Among males, WTS decreased from 4.0% to 1.1% (72% relative decline). While the overall smoking prevalence decreased among females, there was no change in the rate of WTS (0.7% in 2008 vs. 0.5% in 2012), though the WTS prevalence rate was already low in 2008. Comprehensive tobacco control efforts have been successful in reducing the overall smoking prevalence in Turkey, which includes the reduction of cigarette smoking and WTS. However, it is important to continue monitoring the use of waterpipes in Turkey and targeting tobacco control efforts to certain groups that may be vulnerable to future WTS marketing (e.g., youth, women). C1 [Erdol, Cevdet] Rector Hlth Sci Univ, TR-34688 Istanbul, Turkey. [Erdol, Cevdet] Grand Natl Assembly Turkey, Commiss Hlth Family Labour & Social Affairs, TR-06543 Ankara, Turkey. [Erguder, Toker] WHO, Country Off, TR-06610 Ankara, Turkey. [Morton, Jeremy; Palipudi, Krishna; Asma, Samira] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gupta, Prakash] Healis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, Navi Mumbai 400701, India. EM cevdeterdol@gmail.com; ergudert@euro.who.int; jmorton@cdc.gov; kpalipudi@cdc.gov; pcgupta@healis.org; sasma@cdc.gov FU World Health Organization [001] NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 IS 12 BP 15559 EP 15566 DI 10.3390/ijerph121215004 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA1EL UT WOS:000367539000047 PM 26670238 ER PT J AU West, BA Bhat, G Stevens, J Bergen, G AF West, Bethany A. Bhat, Geeta Stevens, Judy Bergen, Gwen TI Assistive device use and mobility-related factors among adults aged >= 65 years SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Driving; Falls; Walker; Cane; Independence ID DRIVING CESSATION; FALL INJURIES; UNITED-STATES; OLDER-ADULTS; PEOPLE; HEALTH; ENVIRONMENT; BENEFITS; WALKERS; CANES AB Introduction: Examining how assistive device (cane, walker) use relates to other mobility factors can provide insight into older adults' future mobility needs. Methods: Data come from the Second Injury Control and Risk Survey, Phase 2 (ICARIS2-P2), conducted from March 2007 to May 2008. Prevalence estimates were calculated for older adults (aged >= 65) and multivariable logistic regression was used to explore associations between assistive device use and mobility-related characteristics. Result: Compared with non-users, assistive device users were more likely to report a recent fall (AOR 12.0; 95% CI 4.9-29.3), limit walking outside due to concerns about falling (AOR 7.1; 95% CI 2.6-19.1), be unable to walk outside for 10 min without resting (AOR 33; 95% CI 1.1-9.3), and be no longer driving (AOR 6.7; 95% CI 2.0-22.3). Conclusion: Assistive device users have limited mobility and an increased risk for fall injury compared with non-users. National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [West, Bethany A.; Bhat, Geeta; Stevens, Judy; Bergen, Gwen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP West, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Bwest2@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 EI 1879-1247 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 55 BP 147 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2015.08.010 PG 4 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA DA3LR UT WOS:000367699600017 PM 26683557 ER PT J AU Dodge, LE Williams, PL Williams, MA Missmer, SA Souter, I Calafat, AM Hauser, R AF Dodge, L. E. Williams, P. L. Williams, M. A. Missmer, S. A. Souter, I. Calafat, A. M. Hauser, R. CA EARTH Study Team TI Associations between paternal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and reproductive outcomes among couples seeking fertility treatment SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phthalates; Fertility; Male reproduction; Assisted reproduction ID HUMAN SPERMATOZOAL RNAS; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; DISRUPTION; PREGNANCY; TESTIS; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE; FAILURE; WEIGHT AB Introduction: Limited evidence suggests that male exposure to ubiquitous environmental phthalates may result in poor reproductive outcomes among female partners. Methods: This analysis included male female couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and/or intrauterine insemination (IUI). We evaluated associations between the geometric mean of paternal specific gravity-adjusted urinary phthalate concentrations prior to the female partners' cycle and fertilization, embryo quality, implantation, and live birth using generalized linear mixed models. Results: Two-hundred eighteen couples underwent 211 IVF and 195 lUI cycles. Trends were observed between paternal urinary mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP; P=0.01) and mono(carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP; P = 0.01) and decreased odds of implantation. MCPP and MCOP were also associated with decreased odds of live birth following IVF (P = 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively), and monobutyl phthalate above the first quartile was significantly associated with decreased odds of live birth following IUI (P= 0.04). However, most urinary phthalate metabolites were not associated with these reproductive outcomes. Conclusion: Selected phthalates were associated with decreased odds of implantation and live birth. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dodge, L. E.; Williams, P. L.; Williams, M. A.; Missmer, S. A.; Hauser, R.] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Dodge, L. E.; Missmer, S. A.; Hauser, R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Williams, P. L.; Souter, I.] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Missmer, S. A.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Div Network Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Missmer, S. A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Souter, I.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Calafat, A. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hauser, R.] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 1,14th Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hsph.harvard.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [ES009718, ES022955, ES000002, T32ES007069] FX This work was supported by grants ES009718, ES022955, ES000002, and T32ES007069 (supported LED) from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). The authors gratefully acknowledge Manori Silva, Ella Samandar, Jim Preau, and Tao Jia (CDC, Atlanta, GA) for measuring the urinary concentrations of the phthalate metabolites. We also acknowledge all members of the EARTH study team, specifically the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health research nurses Jennifer B. Ford and Myra G. Keller, research staff Ramace Dadd and Patricia Morey, physicians and staff at Massachusetts General Hospital fertility center and a special thanks to all the study participants. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 58 BP 184 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.09.007 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA DA1MJ UT WOS:000367559600022 PM 26456810 ER PT J AU Zaganjor, I Sinclair, JR Coleman, MS AF Zaganjor, I. Sinclair, J. R. Coleman, M. S. TI State and Local Perspective on Implementation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Dog Confinement Agreement SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Regulations; partnerships; importations; dogs; rabies AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) works in conjunction with state, territorial, local and tribal agencies (STLTAs) to prevent the transmission of infectious agents. Issuance of confinement agreements using CDC Form 75.37 'Notice to Owners and Importers of Dogs' to importers of dogs that are not vaccinated or incompletely vaccinated against rabies is part of the agency's regulatory programme to prevent the entry of dogs infected with rabies. Although this is a regulatory programme that depends heavily on partnerships between CDC and STLTAs, CDC had never formally evaluated the acceptability of the confinement agreement process with these partners. Thus, a short survey of nine STLTAs was conducted to evaluate whether these partners have enough personnel and resources to implement the regulation and their general opinions of the confinement agreement process. The results illustrate that CDC partners are dissatisfied to some extent with the process, and there are multiple issues limiting their success in enforcing the regulation. C1 [Zaganjor, I.] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Sinclair, J. R.; Coleman, M. S.] CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, NCEZID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sinclair, JR (reprint author), CDC Quarantine Stn Philadelphia, Philadelphia Int Airport, Terminal A West,3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19153 USA. EM jsinclair@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1863-1959 EI 1863-2378 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 8 BP 590 EP 592 DI 10.1111/zph.12207 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA DA6AL UT WOS:000367884000002 PM 26032675 ER PT J AU Sumner, SA Marcelin, LH Cela, T Mercy, JA Lea, V Kress, H Hillis, SD AF Sumner, Steven A. Marcelin, Louis H. Cela, Toni Mercy, James A. Lea, Veronica Kress, Howard Hillis, Susan D. TI Sentinel events predicting later unwanted sex among girls: A national survey in Haiti, 2012 SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE Child abuse; Sexual violence; Rape; Haiti; Sentinel event ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; PORT-AU-PRINCE; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; SOUTH-AFRICA; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; HIV; IMPACT AB Sexual violence against children is a significant global public health problem, yet limited studies exist from low-resource settings. In Haiti we conducted the country's first, nationally representative survey focused on childhood violence to help inform the development of a national action plan for violence against children. The Haiti Violence Against Children Survey was a household-level, multistage, cluster survey among youth age 13-24. In this analysis we sought to determine whether sexual violence sentinel events (unwanted sexual touching or unwanted attempted sex) were predictive of later unwanted, completed, penetrative sex in Haiti. We also sought to explore characteristics of sentinel events and help-seeking behavior among Haitian children. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test associations between sentinel events and later unwanted, completed, penetrative sex. Overall, 1,457 females reported on experiences of sexual violence occurring in childhood (before age 18). A sentinel event occurred in 40.4% of females who experienced subsequent unwanted completed sex. Females experiencing a sentinel event were approximately two and a half times more likely to experience later unwanted completed sex (adjusted odds ratio = 2.40, p = .004) compared to individuals who did not experience a sentinel event. The mean lag time from first sentinel event to first unwanted completed sex was 2.3 years. Only half (54.6%) of children experiencing a sentinel event told someone about their experience of sexual violence. Among children, sentinel events occur frequently before later acts of completed unwanted sex and may represent a useful point of intervention. Reporting of sexual violence by children in Haiti is low and can be improved to better act on sentinel events. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sumner, Steven A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sumner, Steven A.; Mercy, James A.; Lea, Veronica; Kress, Howard; Hillis, Susan D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Marcelin, Louis H.; Cela, Toni] Interuniv Inst Res & Dev INURED, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Marcelin, Louis H.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Sumner, SA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop F-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU The President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) FX This study was funded by The President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 EI 1873-7757 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 50 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.07.015 PG 7 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA CZ9HT UT WOS:000367409400007 PM 26297488 ER PT J AU Sharma, A Ndisha, M Ngari, F Kipruto, H Cain, KP Sitienei, J Bloss, E AF Sharma, Aditya Ndisha, Margaret Ngari, Faith Kipruto, Hillary Cain, Kevin P. Sitienei, Joseph Bloss, Emily TI A review of data quality of an electronic tuberculosis surveillance system for case-based reporting in Kenya SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Background: Kenya recently transitioned from a paper to an electronic system for recording and reporting of tuberculosis (TB) data. Methods: During September -October 2013, the data quality of the new system was evaluated through an audit of data in paper source documents and in the national electronic system, and an analysis of all 99 281 cases reported in 2012. Results: While the new electronic system overall is robust, this assessment demonstrated limitations in the concordance and completeness of data reaching the national level. Conclusions: Additional oversight and training in data entry are needed to strengthen TB surveillance data quality in Kenya. C1 [Sharma, Aditya] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Ndisha, Margaret; Ngari, Faith; Kipruto, Hillary; Sitienei, Joseph] Kenya Minist Hlth, Div Leprosy TB & Lung Dis, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kipruto, Hillary] World Hlth Org, Kenya Country Off, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bloss, Emily] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Kisumu, Kenya. [Bloss, Emily] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sharma, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E 10, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM aditya.sharma@cdc.hhs.gov FU United States Agency for International Development through U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This project was supported by the United States Agency for International Development through the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Some authors from this publication are employed by the CDC. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1101-1262 EI 1464-360X J9 EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Eur. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1095 EP 1097 DI 10.1093/eurpub/ckv092 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CZ5TC UT WOS:000367163900034 PM 26009610 ER PT J AU Garon, JR Cochi, SL Orenstein, WA AF Garon, Julie R. Cochi, Stephen L. Orenstein, Walter A. TI The Challenge of Global Poliomyelitis Eradication SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Poliomyelitis; Eradication; Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV); Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) ID INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE; WILD POLIOVIRUS; IMMUNOGENICITY; CHILDREN; TRIAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMPORTATION; PERSISTENCE; COUNTRIES; INDONESIA AB In the United States during the 1950's, polio was on the forefront of every provider and caregiver's mind. Today, most providers in the United States have never seen a case. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), which began in 1988 has reduced the number of cases by over 99%. The world is closer to achieving global eradication of polio than ever before but as long as poliovirus circulates anywhere in the world, every country is vulnerable. The global community can support the polio eradication effort through continued vaccination, surveillance, enforcing travel regulations and contributing financial support, partnerships and advocacy. C1 [Garon, Julie R.; Orenstein, Walter A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Cochi, Stephen L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Orenstein, WA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 1462 Clifton Rd Northeast,Suite 446, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM worenst@emory.edu FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [23848] FX W.A. Orenstein and J.R. Garon are supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation under Work Order 23848 awarded to the Task Force for Global Health. Apart from those disclosed, the authors do not have any conflicts of interest to report and do not have relevant affiliations, relationships, or financial involvement with organizations with a financial interest in materials disclosed in the article. No writing assistance was used in the production of this article. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 22 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0891-5520 EI 1557-9824 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 651 EP + DI 10.1016/j.idc.2015.07.003 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CZ6KF UT WOS:000367209400005 PM 26610419 ER PT J AU Cohn, A MacNeil, J AF Cohn, Amanda MacNeil, Jessica TI The Changing Epidemiology of Meningococcal Disease SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Neisseria meningitidis; Meningococcal disease; Vaccination ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES; UNIVERSITY OUTBREAK; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; SEROGROUP; CARRIAGE; RECOMMENDATIONS; POPULATION AB The incidence of meningococcal disease is at an historic low in the United States, but prevention remains a priority because of the devastating outcomes and risk for outbreaks. Available vaccines are recommended routinely for persons at increased risk for disease to protect against all major serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis circulating in the United States. Although vaccination has virtually eliminated serogroup A meningococcal outbreaks from the Meningitis Belt of Africa and reduced the incidence of serogroup C disease worldwide, eradication of N meningitidis will unlikely be achieved by currently available vaccines because of the continued carriage and transmission of nonencapsulated organisms. C1 [Cohn, Amanda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [MacNeil, Jessica] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cohn, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM anc0@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0891-5520 EI 1557-9824 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 667 EP + DI 10.1016/j.idc.2015.08.002 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CZ6KF UT WOS:000367209400006 PM 26610420 ER PT J AU Goodson, JL Seward, JF AF Goodson, James L. Seward, Jane F. TI Measles 50 Years After Use of Measles Vaccine SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Measles elimination; Vaccine preventable; Vaccination; Exemptions; Mortality; Rash; Fever ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; MORTALITY REDUCTION GOAL; UNITED-STATES; FEBRILE SEIZURES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; VARICELLA VACCINE; ATYPICAL MEASLES; MMRV VACCINATION; GLOBAL MEASLES; ELIMINATION AB In response to severe measles, the first measles vaccine was licensed in the United States in 1963. Widespread use of measles vaccines for more than 50 years has significantly reduced global measles morbidity and mortality. However, measles virus continues to circulate, causing infection, illness, and an estimated 400 deaths worldwide each day. Measles is preventable by vaccine, and humans are the only reservoir. Clinicians should promote and provide on-time vaccination for all patients and keep measles in their differential diagnosis of febrile rash illness for rapid case detection, confirmation of measles infection, isolation, treatment, and appropriate public health response. C1 [Goodson, James L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Goodson, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Ctr Global Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,Northeast,MS A-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jgoodson@cdc.gov NR 81 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0891-5520 EI 1557-9824 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 725 EP + DI 10.1016/j.idc.2015.08.001 PG 20 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CZ6KF UT WOS:000367209400010 PM 26610423 ER PT J AU Corso, P Finkelstein, E Miller, T Fiebelkorn, I Zaloshnja, E AF Corso, P. Finkelstein, E. Miller, T. Fiebelkorn, I. Zaloshnja, E. TI Incidence and lifetime costs of injuries in the United States SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB Background Standardized methodologies for assessing economic burden of injury at the national or international level do not exist. Objective To measure national incidence, medical costs, and productivity losses of medically treated injuries using the most recent data available in the United States, as a case study for similarly developed countries undertaking economic burden analyses. Method The authors combined several data sets to estimate the incidence of fatal and non-fatal injuries in 2000. They computed unit medical and productivity costs and multiplied these costs by corresponding incidence estimates to yield total lifetime costs of injuries occurring in 2000. Main outcome measures Incidence, medical costs, productivity losses, and total costs for injuries stratified by age group, sex, and mechanism. Results More than 50 million Americans experienced a medically treated injury in 2000, resulting in lifetime costs of $406 billion; $80 billion for medical treatment and $326 billion for lost productivity. Males had a 20% higher rate of injury than females. Injuries resulting from falls or being struck by/against an object accounted for more than 44% of injuries. The rate of medically treated injuries declined by 15% from 1985 to 2000 in the US. For those aged 0-44, the incidence rate of injuries declined by more than 20%; while persons aged 75 and older experienced a 20% increase. Conclusions These national burden estimates provide unequivocal evidence of the large health and financial burden of injuries. This study can serve as a template for other countries or be used in intercountry comparisons. C1 [Corso, P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Miller, T.; Zaloshnja, E.] Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA. [Fiebelkorn, I.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Corso, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pcorso@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 EI 1475-5785 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP 432 EP 438 DI 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041862 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA0GF UT WOS:000367474900012 ER PT J AU Chang, J Tarasova, T Shanmugam, V Azarskova, M Nguyen, S Hurlston, M Sabatier, J Zhang, GQ Osmanov, S Ellenberger, D Yang, CF Vitek, C Liulchuk, M Nizova, N AF Chang, Joy Tarasova, Tetyana Shanmugam, Vedapuri Azarskova, Marianna Nguyen, Shon Hurlston, Mackenzie Sabatier, Jennifer Zhang, Guoqing Osmanov, Saladin Ellenberger, Dennis Yang, Chunfu Vitek, Charles Liulchuk, Maria Nizova, Natalya TI Performance of an Early Infant Diagnostic Test, AmpliSens DNA-HIV-FRT, Using Dried Blood Spots Collected from Children Born to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Mothers in Ukraine SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SOUTHERN UKRAINE; QUALITATIVE TEST; FILTER-PAPER; DRUG-USERS; TYPE-1; TRANSMISSION; SPECIMENS AB An accurate accessible test for early infant diagnosis (EID) is crucial for identifying HIV-infected infants and linking them to treatment. To improve EID services in Ukraine, dried blood spot (DBS) samples obtained from 237 HIV-exposed children (<= 18 months of age) in six regions in Ukraine in 2012 to 2013 were tested with the AmpliSens DNA-HIV-FRT assay, the Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan (CAP/CTM) HIV-1 Qual test, and the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Qualitative assay. In comparison with the paired whole-blood results generated from AmpliSens testing at the oblast HIV reference laboratories in Ukraine, the sensitivity was 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.00) for the AmpliSens and Roche CAP/CTM Qual assays and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90 to 0.98) for the Abbott Qualitative assay. The specificity was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.00) for the AmpliSens and Abbott Qualitative assays and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.00) for the Roche CAP/CTM Qual assay. McNemar analysis indicated that the proportions of positive results for the tests were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Cohen's kappa (0.97 to 0.99) indicated almost perfect agreement among the three tests. These results indicated that the AmpliSens DBS and whole-blood tests performed equally well and were comparable to the two commercially available EID tests. More importantly, the performance characteristics of the AmpliSens DBS test meets the World Health Organization EID test requirements; implementing AmpliSens DBS testing might improve EID services in resource-limited settings. C1 [Chang, Joy; Shanmugam, Vedapuri; Nguyen, Shon; Hurlston, Mackenzie; Sabatier, Jennifer; Zhang, Guoqing; Osmanov, Saladin; Ellenberger, Dennis; Yang, Chunfu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Tarasova, Tetyana] UNICEF, Kiev, Ukraine. [Azarskova, Marianna; Vitek, Charles] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kiev, Ukraine. [Liulchuk, Maria; Nizova, Natalya] Minist Hlth Ukraine, Ukrainian Ctr Dis Control, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Chang, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ckc7@cdc.gov; ttarasova@unicef.org FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This research was supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 53 IS 12 BP 3853 EP 3858 DI 10.1128/JCM.02392-15 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DA1CB UT WOS:000367532800022 PM 26447114 ER PT J AU Patel, RC Kamili, S Teshale, E AF Patel, Rajiv C. Kamili, Saleem Teshale, Eyasu TI Hepatitis E virus infections in children age 0-15, Uganda outbreak, 2007 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hepatitis E infection; Children; Acute viral hepatitis; Uganda ID INDIA AB Background: The epidemiology of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections among children is not well understood, with some studies reporting that hepatitis E infections do not affect children. Objectives: We analyzed seroepidemiologic data collected during a hepatitis E outbreak in Uganda to determine prevalence of past and recent HEV infections among children aged 0-15 years. Study design: Individuals were randomly selected from a household census to participate in a seroprevalence survey. We analyzed data on IgM and IgG antibody to HEV among children aged 0-15 years. We categorized the study population by age group [aged 0-5, 6-10, and 11-15 years], and further stratified the youngest children [aged 0-1, 2-3, and 4-5 years]. Presence of IgG anti-HEV alone indicated past HEV infection, whereas recent infection was defined as presence of IgM anti-HEV with or without IgG anti-HEV. Results: Among children aged 0-15 years (N = 244), prevalence of past HEV infection was 25.4% (62/244) and was highest among children aged 0-5 years [31.0% (27/87)]. Evidence of recent HEV infection was detected in 37.3% (91/244) of children aged 0-15 years. Among younger children, recent HEV infection increased with age from 4.3% (1/23) in children aged 0-1 year to 36.7% (11/30) in children aged 4-5 years. Conclusion: These data show that children are not spared from HEV infections. Illness during childhood in developing countries is common and HEV infections may be misdiagnosed as another acute illness, or under diagnosed. The lack of clinical care, HEV diagnostics, and surveillance in developing countries limit our full understanding of hepatitis E epidemiology. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Patel, Rajiv C.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kamili, Saleem; Teshale, Eyasu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Patel, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rajiv.c.patel@gmail.com FU Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education Fellowship; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was support in part by the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education Fellowship and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 EI 1873-5967 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 73 BP 112 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.11.001 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA CZ9AR UT WOS:000367390700023 PM 26590690 ER PT J AU Lambert, J Velez, JO Brault, AC Calvert, AE Bell-Sakyi, L Bosco-Lauth, AM Staples, JE Kosoya, OI AF Lambert, Amy J. Velez, Jason O. Brault, Aaron C. Calvert, Amanda E. Bell-Sakyi, Lesley Bosco-Lauth, Angela M. Staples, J. Erin Kosoya, Olga I. TI Molecular, serological and in vitro culture-based characterization of Bourbon virus, a newly described human pathogen of the genus Thogotovirus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bourbon virus; Thogotovirus; Characterization; Molecular; Serological; In vitro growth ID ARANSAS-BAY-VIRUS; CELL-LINES; TICK; ARBOVIRUS; DISEASE; DHORI; ACARI AB Background: In June of 2014, a previously healthy man from Kansas with a recent history of tick exposure died from complications related to an illness marked by fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. An isolate was derived from the blood of this patient during the course of diagnostic testing. This isolate was subsequently identified as a novel orthomyxovirus of the genus Thogotovirus by next generation sequencing and was named Bourbon virus after the patient's county of residence. Objectives: To support research and diagnostic aims, we provide a basic description of Bourbon virus at both the molecular and serological levels. Furthermore, to preliminarily identify potential host and vector range associations we have characterized the growth kinetics of Bourbon virus in a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate cell lines. Study design: Bourbon virus was subjected to next generation-high throughput sequencing, phylogenetic, and basic structural protein analyses as well as 2-way plaque reduction neutralization assays. Also, we inoculated a variety of cell types with Bourbon virus and evaluated the growth kinetics by determining viral titers in the supernatants taken from infected cells over time. Results: Bourbon virus possesses 24-82% identity at the amino acid sequence level and low serological cross-reactivity with other Thogotoviruses. In vitro growth kinetics reveal robust replication of Bourbon virus in mammalian and tick cells. Conclusions: Molecular and serological characterizations identify Bourbon virus as a novel member of the genus Thogotovirus. Results from cell culture analyses suggest an association between Bourbon virus and mammalian and tick hosts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lambert, Amy J.; Velez, Jason O.; Brault, Aaron C.; Calvert, Amanda E.; Bosco-Lauth, Angela M.; Staples, J. Erin; Kosoya, Olga I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Bell-Sakyi, Lesley] Pirbright Inst, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. RP Lambert, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd Foothills Res Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM ahk7@cdc.gov RI Institute, Pirbright/K-4476-2014 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 EI 1873-5967 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 73 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.10.021 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA CZ9AR UT WOS:000367390700026 ER PT J AU Kottke, M Whiteman, MK Kraft, JM Goedken, P Wiener, J Kourtis, AP DiClemente, R AF Kottke, Melissa Whiteman, Maura K. Kraft, Joan Marie Goedken, Peggy Wiener, Jeffrey Kourtis, Athena P. DiClemente, Ralph TI Use of Dual Methods for Protection from Unintended Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Adolescent African American Women SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dual method use; African American; Adolescent; Condoms ID UNITED-STATES; FEMALE ADOLESCENTS; CONTRACEPTIVE USE; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; SAMPLE AB Study Objective: To characterize factors associated with dual method contraceptive use in a sample of adolescent women. Design, Setting, Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome Measures: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of sexually active African American women aged 14-19 years who attended an urban Title X clinic in Georgia in 2012 (N = 350). Participants completed a computerized survey to assess contraceptive and condom use during the past 2 sexual encounters with their most recent partner. Dual method use was defined as use of a hormonal contraceptive or intrauterine device and a condom. We applied multinomial logistic regression, using generalized estimating equations, to examine the adjusted association between dual method use (vs use of no methods or less effective methods alone; eg, withdrawal) and select characteristics. Results: Dual methods were used by 20.6% of participants at last sexual intercourse and 23.6% at next to last sexual intercourse. Having a previous sexually transmitted disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-4.18), negative attitude toward pregnancy (aOR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.19-4.28), and a mother who gave birth as a teen (aOR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.21-4.52) were associated with higher odds of dual method use. Having no health insurance (aOR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.18-0.82), 4 or more lifetime sexual partners (aOR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22-0.78), sex at least weekly (aOR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.29-0.99), and agreeing to monogamy with the most recent partner (aOR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.16-0.96) were associated with decreased odds of dual method use. Conclusion: Dual method use was uncommon in our sample. Efforts to increase use of dual methods should address individual and relationship factors. C1 [Kottke, Melissa; Goedken, Peggy] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Atlanta, GA USA. [Whiteman, Maura K.; Wiener, Jeffrey; Kourtis, Athena P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kraft, Joan Marie; DiClemente, Ralph] Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Kottke, M (reprint author), 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM mkottke@emory.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Emory Prevention Research Center [20, U48DP001909-01] FX This study was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a Special Interest Project #20 through the Emory Prevention Research Center (Co-operative agreement number U48DP001909-01 Revised) in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Reproductive Health. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors thank the study participants, the clinic staff at Grady Health System, and the entire study team that participated in this project. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1083-3188 EI 1873-4332 J9 J PEDIATR ADOL GYNEC JI J. Pediatr Adolesc. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 6 BP 543 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.jpag.2015.04.008 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA CZ9MC UT WOS:000367420700026 PM 26152648 ER PT J AU Maddox, RA Holman, RC Uehara, R Callinan, LS Guest, JL Schonberger, LB Nakamura, Y Yashiro, M Belay, ED AF Maddox, Ryan A. Holman, Robert C. Uehara, Ritei Callinan, Laura S. Guest, Jodie L. Schonberger, Lawrence B. Nakamura, Yosikazu Yashiro, Mayumi Belay, Ermias D. TI Recurrent Kawasaki disease: USA and Japan SO PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; Kawasaki disease; Kawasaki syndrome; mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome; recurrence ID CORONARY-ARTERY ABNORMALITIES; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; NATIONWIDE SURVEYS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; CRITERIA AB BackgroundDescriptive epidemiologic studies of recurrent and non-recurrent Kawasaki disease (KD) may identify other potentially important differences between these illnesses. MethodsData from the USA and Japan, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) national KD surveillance(1984-2008) and the 17th Japanese nationwide survey (2001-2002), respectively, were analyzed to examine recurrent KD patients <18years of age meeting the CDC KD case or atypical KD case definition. These patients were compared with non-recurrent KD patients. ResultsOf the 5557 US KD patients <18years of age during 1984-2008, 97 (1.7%) were identified as having had recurrent KD. Among the US Asian/Pacific Islander KD patients, 3.5% had recurrent KD, which was similar to the percentage identified among KD patients (3.5%) in the Japanese survey. Compared with non-recurrent KD patients, KD patients [with recurrent KD] were more likely to be older, fulfill the atypical KD case definition, and have coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) despite i.v. immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment. ConclusionsDifferences in the age, race, and frequency of CAA exist between recurrent and non-recurrent KD patients. The increased association of CAA with recurrent KD suggests that more aggressive treatment strategies in conjunction with IVIG may be indicated for the second episode of KD. C1 [Maddox, Ryan A.; Holman, Robert C.; Callinan, Laura S.; Schonberger, Lawrence B.; Belay, Ermias D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Guest, Jodie L.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Guest, Jodie L.] Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. [Nakamura, Yosikazu; Yashiro, Mayumi] Jichi Med Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. [Uehara, Ritei] Utsunomiya City Publ Hlth Ctr, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan. RP Maddox, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, MS A-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmaddox@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1328-8067 EI 1442-200X J9 PEDIATR INT JI Pediatr. Int. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1116 EP 1120 DI 10.1111/ped.12733 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA DA0DG UT WOS:000367466300011 PM 26096590 ER PT J AU Rimando, M Brace, A Namageyo-Funa, A Parr, TL Sealy, DA Davis, TL Martinez, LM Christiana, RW AF Rimando, Marylen Brace, Andrea Namageyo-Funa, Apophia Parr, Tiffany L. Sealy, Diadrey-Anne Davis, Teaniese L. Martinez, Lourdes M. Christiana, Richard W. TI Data Collection Challenges and Recommendations for Early Career Researchers SO QUALITATIVE REPORT LA English DT Article DE Data Collection; Early Career Researchers; Doctoral Students; Qualitative Methods ID QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; INTERVIEWS AB Data collection is critical to the social research process. When implemented correctly, data collection enhances the quality of a social research study. However, doctoral students and early career researchers may encounter challenges with data collection. This article reports on the data collection challenges in dissertation research encountered by doctoral students enrolled in a public health program at a southeastern United States urban university. Each doctoral student shared at least one challenge and how it affected the data collection process. Additionally, the doctoral students shared how the identified challenges were addressed or suggested recommendations. Understanding these experiences of doctoral students is helpful for doctoral students and early career researchers conducting social research. The lessons learned may guide faculty in research mentoring and structuring research seminars for doctoral students. C1 [Rimando, Marylen] Georgia So Univ, Rural Hlth Res Inst, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Brace, Andrea] Towson Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Namageyo-Funa, Apophia] Univ Georgia, Hlth Promot & Behav, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Parr, Tiffany L.] Georgia Dept Publ Hlth, Maternal & Child Hlth Off Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sealy, Diadrey-Anne] Univ Southern Caribbean, St Joseph, Trinid & Tobago. [Davis, Teaniese L.] Morehouse Coll, Psychol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martinez, Lourdes M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Christiana, Richard W.] Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Rimando, M (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Rural Hlth Res Inst, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM marylencr@gmail.com; abrace@towson.edu; apophia8@uga.edu; tlparr-fowles@dhr.state.ga.us; dsealy@llm.edu; teaniese.davis@morehouse.edu; lourdsmart@yahoo.com; christianarw@appstate.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIV PI FORT LAUDERDALE-DAVIE PA 3301 COLLEGE AVE, FORT LAUDERDALE-DAVIE, FL 33314 USA SN 2160-3715 J9 QUAL REP JI Qual. Rep. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 20 IS 12 BP 2025 EP 2036 PG 12 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA CZ9VZ UT WOS:000367446500008 ER PT J AU Plucinski, MM Chicuecue, S Macete, E Chambe, GA Muguande, O Matsinhe, G Colborn, J Yoon, SS Doyle, TJ Kachur, SP Aide, P Alonso, PL Guinovart, C Morgan, J AF Plucinski, M. M. Chicuecue, S. Macete, E. Chambe, G. A. Muguande, O. Matsinhe, G. Colborn, J. Yoon, S. S. Doyle, T. J. Kachur, S. P. Aide, P. Alonso, P. L. Guinovart, C. Morgan, J. TI Sleeping arrangements and mass distribution of bed nets in six districts in central and northern Mozambique SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria; bed nets; universal coverage; Mozambique AB ObjectiveUniversal coverage with insecticide-treated bed nets is a cornerstone of modern malaria control. Mozambique has developed a novel bed net allocation strategy, where the number of bed nets allocated per household is calculated on the basis of household composition and assumptions about who sleeps with whom. We set out to evaluate the performance of the novel allocation strategy. MethodsA total of 1994 households were visited during household surveys following two universal coverage bed net distribution campaigns in Sofala and Nampula provinces in 2010-2013. Each sleeping space was observed for the presence of a bed net, and the sleeping patterns for each household were recorded. The observed coverage and efficiency were compared to a simulated coverage and efficiency had conventional allocation strategies been used. A composite indicator, the product of coverage and efficiency, was calculated. Observed sleeping patterns were compared with the sleeping pattern assumptions. ResultsIn households reached by the campaign, 93% (95% CI: 93-94%) of sleeping spaces in Sofala and 84% (82-86%) in Nampula were covered by campaign bed nets. The achieved efficiency was high, with 92% (91-93%) of distributed bed nets in Sofala and 93% (91-95%) in Nampula covering a sleeping space. Using the composite indicator, the novel allocation strategy outperformed all conventional strategies in Sofala and was tied for best in Nampula. The sleeping pattern assumptions were completely satisfied in 66% of households in Sofala and 56% of households in Nampula. The most common violation of the sleeping pattern assumptions was that male children 3-10 years of age tended not to share sleeping spaces with female children 3-10 or 10-16 years of age. ConclusionsThe sleeping pattern assumptions underlying the novel bed net allocation strategy are generally valid, and net allocation using these assumptions can achieve high coverage and compare favourably with conventional allocation strategies. C1 [Plucinski, M. M.; Colborn, J.; Yoon, S. S.; Kachur, S. P.; Morgan, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. [Plucinski, M. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chicuecue, S.; Macete, E.; Aide, P.; Alonso, P. L.; Guinovart, C.] Manhica Hlth Res Ctr CISM, Manhica, Mozambique. [Macete, E.] Minist Hlth, Natl Directorate Hlth, Maputo, Mozambique. [Chambe, G. A.] Mozamb Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Maputo, Mozambique. [Muguande, O.; Matsinhe, G.] Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Program, Maputo, Mozambique. [Doyle, T. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Maputo, Mozambique. [Aide, P.] Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth, Maputo, Mozambique. [Alonso, P. L.; Guinovart, C.] Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, Barcelona Ctr Int Hlth Res, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain. RP Plucinski, MM (reprint author), CDC, MS-A06,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mplucinski@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; President's Malaria Initiative FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the President's Malaria Initiative. The authors declare they do not have any commercial or other associations that might pose a conflict of interest. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 EI 1365-3156 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1685 EP 1695 DI 10.1111/tmi.12596 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CZ8JA UT WOS:000367344800009 PM 26338026 ER PT J AU Zhan, B Ajmera, R Geiger, SM Goncalves, MTP Liu, ZY Wei, JF Wilkins, PP Fujiwara, R Gazzinelli-Guimaraes, PH Bottazzi, ME Hotez, P AF Zhan, Bin Ajmera, Ravi Geiger, Stefan Michael Porto Goncalves, Marco Tulio Liu, Zhuyun Wei, Junfei Wilkins, Patricia P. Fujiwara, Ricardo Gazzinelli-Guimaraes, Pedro Henrique Bottazzi, Maria Elena Hotez, Peter TI Identification of immunodominant antigens for the laboratory diagnosis of toxocariasis SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE toxocariasis; immunodiagnosis; recombinant protein; Tc-CTL-1; Tc-CTL-2 ID EXCRETORY-SECRETORY ANTIGENS; 3RD-STAGE INFECTIVE LARVAE; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; UNITED-STATES; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; ZOONOTIC TOXOCARIASIS; NEGLECTED INFECTIONS; ANCYLOSTOMA-CANINUM; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS; SERODIAGNOSIS AB ObjectivesTo identify immunodominant antigens of Toxocara canis recognised by Toxocara-infected sera as recombinant reagents for immunodiagnosis of toxocariasis. MethodsPooled sera from human cases of toxocariasis were used to identify immunodominant antigens by immunoscreening a T. canis larval expression cDNA library. The positive clones were sequenced to reveal the identity of the antigens. The recombinant proteins were expressed in E. coli and then used to confirm their immunoreaction with sera of humans with toxocariasis. Two chosen antigens were also used to differentiate Toxocara infection from other helminth infections in mice. ResultsEleven antigens with immunodiagnostic potential were identified, including two C-type lectins (CTLs) that reacted strongly with the Toxocara-positive serum pool. The first CTL (Tc-CTL-1) is the same as TES-32, previously identified as a major immunodominant component of TES; the second CTL (Tc-CTL-2) is a novel C-type lectin sharing 83% amino acid sequence identity within the functional domain of Tc-CTL-1. The E. coli-expressed recombinant Tc-CTL-1 was strongly recognised by the Toxocara-positive serum pool or sera from animals experimentally infected with T. canis. Reactivity with recombinant Tc-CTL-1 was higher when the unreduced protein was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), dot-blot assay or Western blot test compared to the protein under reduced condition. Both recombinant Tc-CTL-1- and Tc-CTL-2-based ELISAs were able to differentiate T. canis infection from other helminth infections in experimentally infected mice. ConclusionsBoth Tc-CTL-1 and Tc-CTL-2 were able to differentiate Toxocara infection from other helminth infections and could potentially be used as sensitive and specific immunodiagnostic antigens. C1 [Zhan, Bin; Liu, Zhuyun; Wei, Junfei; Bottazzi, Maria Elena; Hotez, Peter] Baylor Coll Med, Sabin Vaccine Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Zhan, Bin; Liu, Zhuyun; Wei, Junfei; Bottazzi, Maria Elena; Hotez, Peter] Texas Childrens Hosp, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ajmera, Ravi] Whitman Walker Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Geiger, Stefan Michael; Porto Goncalves, Marco Tulio; Fujiwara, Ricardo; Gazzinelli-Guimaraes, Pedro Henrique] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Parasitol, ICB, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Wilkins, Patricia P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zhan, B (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Natl Sch Trop Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM bzhan@bcm.edu RI Geiger, Stefan/E-6748-2016; Gazzinelli-Guimaraes, Pedro Henrique/E-7693-2013; Fujiwara, Ricardo/J-7579-2012; OI Gazzinelli-Guimaraes, Pedro Henrique/0000-0003-4932-2206; Fujiwara, Ricardo/0000-0002-4713-575X; Hotez, Peter/0000-0001-8770-1042 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 EI 1365-3156 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1787 EP 1796 DI 10.1111/tmi.12607 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CZ8JA UT WOS:000367344800019 PM 26426162 ER PT J AU Agaya, J Nnadi, CD Odhiambo, J Obonyo, C Obiero, V Lipke, V Okeyo, E Cain, K Oeltmann, JE AF Agaya, Janet Nnadi, Chimeremma D. Odhiambo, Joseph Obonyo, Charles Obiero, Vincent Lipke, Virginia Okeyo, Elisha Cain, Kevin Oeltmann, John E. TI Tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers in Kisumu, Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; infection control; latent tuberculosis; nosocomial infection; HIV; western Kenya ID DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; SKIN-TEST CONVERSION; RISK-FACTORS; INCOME COUNTRIES; SOUTH-AFRICA; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; HOSPITALS; SETTINGS AB ObjectiveTo assess prevalence and occupational risk factors of latent TB infection and history of TB disease ascribed to work in a healthcare setting in western Kenya. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among healthcare workers in western Kenya in 2013. They were recruited from dispensaries, health centres and hospitals that offer both TB and HIV services. School workers from the health facilities' catchment communities were randomly selected to serve as the community comparison group. Latent TB infection was diagnosed by tuberculin skin testing. HIV status of participants was assessed. Using a logistic regression model, we determined the adjusted odds of latent TB infection among healthcare workers compared to school workers; and among healthcare workers only, we assessed work-related risk factors for latent TB infection. ResultsWe enrolled 1005 healthcare workers and 411 school workers. Approximately 60% of both groups were female. A total of 22% of 958 healthcare workers and 12% of 392 school workers tested HIV positive. Prevalence of self-reported history of TB disease was 7.4% among healthcare workers and 3.6% among school workers. Prevalence of latent TB infection was 60% among healthcare workers and 48% among school workers. Adjusted odds of latent TB infection were 1.5 times higher among healthcare workers than school workers (95% confidence interval 1.2-2.0). Healthcare workers at all three facility types had similar prevalence of latent TB infection (P = 0.72), but increasing years of employment was associated with increased odds of LTBI (P < 0.01). ConclusionHealthcare workers at facilities in western Kenya which offer TB and HIV services are at increased risk of latent TB infection, and the risk is similar across facility types. Implementation of WHO-recommended TB infection control measures are urgently needed in health facilities to protect healthcare workers. C1 [Agaya, Janet; Obonyo, Charles; Obiero, Vincent; Okeyo, Elisha] Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Nnadi, Chimeremma D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nnadi, Chimeremma D.; Oeltmann, John E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Odhiambo, Joseph; Cain, Kevin] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. [Lipke, Virginia] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nnadi, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-6, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cnnadi@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 EI 1365-3156 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1797 EP 1804 DI 10.1111/tmi.12601 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CZ8JA UT WOS:000367344800020 PM 26376085 ER PT J AU Pavlicek, RL Fine-Coulson, K Gupta, T Quinn, FD Posey, JE Willby, M Castro-Garza, J Karls, RK AF Pavlicek, Rebecca L. Fine-Coulson, Kari Gupta, Tuhina Quinn, Frederick D. Posey, James E. Willby, Melisa Castro-Garza, Jorge Karls, Russell K. TI Rv3351c, a Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene that affects bacterial growth and alveolar epithelial cell viability SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mycobacterium; tuberculosis; pneumocyte; Rv3351c; cytotoxicity ID HEPARIN-BINDING HEMAGGLUTININ; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; LATENT INFECTION; MACROPHAGES; APOPTOSIS; INVASION; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENESIS; PERSISTENCE; SECRETION AB Despite the interactions known to occur between various lower respiratory tract pathogens and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), few reports examine factors influencing the interplay between Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli and AECs during infection. Importantly, in vitro studies have demonstrated that the M. tuberculosis hbha and esxA gene products HBHA and ESAT6 directly or indirectly influence AEC survival. In this report, we identify Rv3351c as another M. tuberculosis gene that impacts the fate of both the pathogen and AEC host. Intracellular replication of an Rv3351c mutant in the human AEC type II pneumocyte cell line A549 was markedly reduced relative to the complemented mutant and parent strain. Deletion of Rv3351c diminished the release of lactate dehydrogenase and decreased uptake of trypan blue vital stain by host cells infected with M. tuberculosis bacilli, suggesting attenuated cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, an isogenic hbha mutant displayed reductions in AEC killing similar to those observed for the Rv3351c mutant. This opens the possibility that multipleM. tuberculosis gene products interact with AECs. We also observed that Rv3351c aids intracellular replication and survival of M. tuberculosis in macrophages. This places Rv3351c in the same standing as HBHA and ESAT6, which are important factors in AECs and macrophages. Defining the mechanism(s) by which Rv3351c functions to aid pathogen survival within the host may lead to new drug or vaccine targets. C1 [Pavlicek, Rebecca L.; Fine-Coulson, Kari; Gupta, Tuhina; Quinn, Frederick D.; Karls, Russell K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Posey, James E.; Willby, Melisa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycobacteriol Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Castro-Garza, Jorge] Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Noreste, Monterrey 64720, NL, Mexico. RP Karls, RK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, 220 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rkarls@uga.edu OI Castro-Garza, Jorge/0000-0003-3828-5454 FU American Lung Association; University of Georgia Faculty of Infectious Diseases; Southeastern Center for Emerging Biologic Threats; University of Georgia Latin American and Caribbean Studies Institute FX The authors thank Karen Dobos and C. Harold King for sharing unpublished cytotoxicity data of an Rv3351c transposon mutant. The authors also thank Barbara Reaves, Cynthia Goldsmith, Charles Humphrey, Maureen Metcalfe, Elizabeth White, and Sherif Zaki for their critical reviews of the manuscript and technical assistance on this project. This work was supported in part by research grants from the American Lung Association (R.K.), the University of Georgia Faculty of Infectious Diseases and the Southeastern Center for Emerging Biologic Threats (F.Q.), and the University of Georgia Latin American and Caribbean Studies Institute (R.P.). NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 EI 1480-3275 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 61 IS 12 BP 938 EP 947 DI 10.1139/cjm-2015-0528 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA CZ3CW UT WOS:000366982800006 PM 26492080 ER PT J AU Schriefer, ME AF Schriefer, Martin E. TI Lyme Disease Diagnosis Serology SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdoderi; Serologic testing; Standard 2-tier testing; Pitfalls; Predictive value serology ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CONFIRMED ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS NYMPHS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD CULTURES; SERODIAGNOSIS; C6; PERFORMANCE; EUROPE AB Serology is the mainstay of confirmation of Lyme borreliosis; direct detection has limited application. Because standardized 2-tier testing (STTT) has been commonly used since the mid 1990s, standardization and performance have improved. STTT detection of early, localized infection is poor; that of late disease is good. The best indicator of stage 1 infection, erythema migrans, is presented in the majority of US cases and should prompt treatment without testing. Clinical and epidemiologic correlates should be carefully assessed before ordering STTT. STTT has great value in confirming extracutaneous infection. Recent developments promise to improve performance, particularly in early disease detection. C1 [Schriefer, Martin E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Schriefer, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, 3156 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM mms7@CDC.GOV NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-2712 EI 1557-9832 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 35 IS 4 BP 797 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cll.2015.08.001 PG 19 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA CZ1RD UT WOS:000366882100006 PM 26593258 ER PT J AU Getahun, H Matteelli, A Abubakar, I Aziz, MA Baddeley, A Barreira, D Den Boon, S Gutierrez, SMB Bruchfeld, J Burhan, E Cavalcante, S Cedillos, R Chaisson, R Chee, CBE Chesire, L Corbett, E Dara, M Denholm, J de Vries, G Falzon, D Ford, N Gale-Rowe, M Gilpin, C Girardi, E Go, UY Govindasamy, D Grant, AD Grzemska, M Harris, R Horsburgh, CR Ismayilov, A Jaramillo, E Kik, S Kranzer, K Lienhardt, C Lobue, P Lonnroth, K Marks, G Menzies, D Migliori, GB Mosca, D Mukadi, YD Mwinga, A Nelson, L Nishikiori, N Oordt-Speets, A Rangaka, MX Reis, A Rotz, L Sandgren, A Schepisi, MS Schunemann, HJ Sharma, SK Sotgiu, G Stagg, HR Sterling, TR Tayeb, T Uplekar, M van der Werf, MJ Vandevelde, W van Kessel, F van't Hoog, A Varma, JK Vezhnina, N Voniatis, C Noordegraaf-Schouten, MV Weil, D Weyer, K Wilkinson, RJ Yoshiyama, T Zellweger, JP Raviglione, M AF Getahun, Haileyesus Matteelli, Alberto Abubakar, Ibrahim Aziz, Mohamed Abdel Baddeley, Annabel Barreira, Draurio Den Boon, Saskia Borroto Gutierrez, Susana Marta Bruchfeld, Judith Burhan, Edina Cavalcante, Solange Cedillos, Rolando Chaisson, Richard Chee, Cynthia Bin-Eng Chesire, Lucy Corbett, Elizabeth Dara, Masoud Denholm, Justin de Vries, Gerard Falzon, Dennis Ford, Nathan Gale-Rowe, Margaret Gilpin, Chris Girardi, Enrico Go, Un-Yeong Govindasamy, Darshini Grant, Alison D. Grzemska, Malgorzata Harris, Ross Horsburgh, C. Robert, Jr. Ismayilov, Asker Jaramillo, Ernesto Kik, Sandra Kranzer, Katharina Lienhardt, Christian LoBue, Philip Loennroth, Knut Marks, Guy Menzies, Dick Migliori, Giovanni Battista Mosca, Davide Mukadi, Ya Diul Mwinga, Alwyn Nelson, Lisa Nishikiori, Nobuyuki Oordt-Speets, Anouk Rangaka, Molebogeng Xheedha Reis, Andreas Rotz, Lisa Sandgren, Andreas Schepisi, Monica Sane Schuenemann, Holger J. Sharma, Surender Kumar Sotgiu, Giovanni Stagg, Helen R. Sterling, Timothy R. Tayeb, Tamara Uplekar, Mukund van der Werf, Marieke J. Vandevelde, Wim van Kessel, Femke van't Hoog, Anna Varma, Jay K. Vezhnina, Natalia Voniatis, Constantia Noordegraaf-Schouten, Marije Vonk Weil, Diana Weyer, Karin Wilkinson, Robert John Yoshiyama, Takashi Zellweger, Jean Pierre Raviglione, Mario TI Managennent of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for Low tuberculosis burden countries SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PREVENTIVE THERAPY; CLOSE CONTACTS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; FOLLOW-UP; HOMELESS ADULTS; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS AB Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterised by the presence of immune responses to previously acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without clinical evidence of active tuberculosis (TB). Here we report evidence-based guidelines from the World Health Organization for a public health approach to the management of LTBI in high risk individuals in countries with high or middle upper income and TB incidence of <100 per 100 000 per year. The guidelines strongly recommend systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in people living with HIV, adult and child contacts of pulmonary TB cases, patients initiating anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment, patients receiving dialysis, patients preparing for organ or haematological transplantation, and patients with silicosis. In prisoners, healthcare workers, immigrants from high TB burden countries, homeless persons and illicit drug users, systematic testing and treatment of LTBI is conditionally recommended, according to TB epidemiology and resource availability. Either commercial interferon-gamma release assays or Mantoux tuberculin skin testing could be used to test for LTBI. Chest radiography should be performed before LTBI treatment to rule out active TB disease. Recommended treatment regimens for LTBI include: 6 or 9 month isoniazid; 12 week rifapentine plus isoniazid; 3-4 month isoniazid plus rifampicin; or 3-4 month rifampicin alone. C1 [Getahun, Haileyesus; Matteelli, Alberto; Baddeley, Annabel; Falzon, Dennis; Gilpin, Chris; Grzemska, Malgorzata; Jaramillo, Ernesto; Lienhardt, Christian; Loennroth, Knut; Uplekar, Mukund; Weil, Diana; Weyer, Karin; Raviglione, Mario] WHO, Global TB Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Abubakar, Ibrahim; Rangaka, Molebogeng Xheedha; Stagg, Helen R.] UCL, Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London, England. [Abubakar, Ibrahim; Harris, Ross] Publ Hlth England, London, England. [Aziz, Mohamed Abdel] WHO, Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt. [Barreira, Draurio] Minist Hlth, Natl TB Programme, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Borroto Gutierrez, Susana Marta] Pedro Kourf Inst Trop Med, Havana, Cuba. [Bruchfeld, Judith] Karolinska Inst Solna, Dept Med, Infect Dis Unit, Stockholm, Sweden. [Bruchfeld, Judith] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden. [Burhan, Edina] Univ Indonesia, Fac Med, Dept Pulmonol & Resp Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Burhan, Edina] Persahabatan Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Cavalcante, Solange] Fiocruz MS, Evandro Chagas Natl Inst Infect Dis, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Cedillos, Rolando] Hosp Nacl Rosales, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Chaisson, Richard] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr TB Res, Baltimore, MD USA. [Chee, Cynthia Bin-Eng] Tan Tock Sang Hosp, Singapore, Singapore. [Chesire, Lucy] TB Advocacy Consortium, Nairobi, Kenya. [Corbett, Elizabeth] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Blantyre, Malawi. [Dara, Masoud] WHO, Reg Off Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Denholm, Justin] Victorian TB Program, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [de Vries, Gerard] KNCV TB Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands. [Ford, Nathan; Nelson, Lisa] WHO, Dept HIV & Global Hepatitis Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. [Gale-Rowe, Margaret] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Girardi, Enrico; Schepisi, Monica Sane] Ist Nazl Malattie Infett L Spallanzani, Rome, Italy. [Go, Un-Yeong] Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept HIV AIDS & TB Control Korea, Seoul, South Korea. [Govindasamy, Darshini] South African Med Res Council, Hlth Syst Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa. [Grant, Alison D.; Kranzer, Katharina] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London WC1, England. [Horsburgh, C. Robert, Jr.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. [Ismayilov, Asker] Minist Justice, Main Med Dept, Baku, Azerbaijan. [Kik, Sandra; Menzies, Dick] McGill Univ, McGill Int TB Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Kik, Sandra; Menzies, Dick] McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [LoBue, Philip; Rotz, Lisa; Varma, Jay K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Loennroth, Knut] Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Solna, Sweden. [Marks, Guy] Univ Sydney, Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Marks, Guy] UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Migliori, Giovanni Battista] WHO, Collaborating Ctr TB & Lung Dis Fdn S Maugeri, Tradate, Italy. [Mosca, Davide] Int Org Migrat, Migrat Hlth Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. [Mukadi, Ya Diul] US Agcy Int Dev, Div Infect Dis, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mwinga, Alwyn] Zambart Project, Lusaka, Zambia. [Nishikiori, Nobuyuki] WHO, Reg Off Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. [Oordt-Speets, Anouk; van Kessel, Femke; Noordegraaf-Schouten, Marije Vonk] Paltas Hlth Res & Consultancy BV, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Rangaka, Molebogeng Xheedha; Wilkinson, Robert John] Univ Cape Town, Inst Infect Dis & Mol Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Reis, Andreas; Sharma, Surender Kumar] WHO, Knowledge Eth & Res Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. [Sandgren, Andreas; Sotgiu, Giovanni; van der Werf, Marieke J.] European Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Stockholm, Sweden. [Schuenemann, Holger J.] McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, GRADE Ctr, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Schuenemann, Holger J.] McMaster Univ, Dept Med, GRADE Ctr, Hamilton, ON, Canada. All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Med, New Delhi 110029, India. Univ Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Sterling, Timothy R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Tayeb, Tamara] Minist Hlth, Natl TB Programme, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Vandevelde, Wim] European AIDS Treatment Grp, Brussels, Belgium. [van't Hoog, Anna] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Global Hlth, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Vezhnina, Natalia] HIV TB & Penal Syst Projects, Moscow, Russia. [Voniatis, Constantia] Minist Hlth, Clin Labs, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Wilkinson, Robert John] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Francis Crick Inst, Dept Med, Mill Hill Lab, London, England. [Yoshiyama, Takashi] Japan Anti TB Assoc, Fukujuji Hosp, Tokyo, Japan. [Zellweger, Jean Pierre] TB Competence Ctr, Bern, Switzerland. RP Getahun, H (reprint author), WHO, Global TB Programme, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM getahunh@who.int RI Lonnroth, Knut/L-2339-2014 OI Lonnroth, Knut/0000-0001-5054-8240 FU Department of Health [SRF-2011-04-001]; Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI094189]; Wellcome Trust [091769, 104803] NR 70 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 18 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 442 GLOSSOP RD, SHEFFIELD S10 2PX, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 EI 1399-3003 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1563 EP 1576 DI 10.1183/13993003.01245-2015 PG 14 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA CZ2QC UT WOS:000366948700010 PM 26405286 ER PT J AU Kenyon, T AF Kenyon, Tom TI Message From The New President And CEO Of Project HOPE SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kenyon, Tom] Project HOPE, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Kenyon, Tom] PEPFAR, Washington, DC USA. [Kenyon, Tom] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kenyon, T (reprint author), Project HOPE, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2208 EP 2208 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1256 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA CY9KB UT WOS:000366724700032 PM 26643645 ER PT J AU Dodson, EA Geary, NA Brownson, RC AF Dodson, Elizabeth A. Geary, Nora A. Brownson, Ross C. TI State legislators' sources and use of information: bridging the gap between research and policy SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MAKERS; HEALTH; PREVENTION; SCIENTISTS; KNOWLEDGE; WORK AB Research can inform policymakers of public health issues and shape policy decisions, hopefully benefiting public health; thus, improving dissemination of research to policymakers is important for developing effective public health policies that improve health and health equity. However, the utilization of research among policymakers is often not fully realized. This study builds upon current knowledge about what types of information legislators seek when working on health issues and where they go for information. Further, it explores what kinds of information legislators find most helpful and if there are ways researchers could better provide this evidence. Key-informant interviews were conducted with 25 U.S. state legislators holding health committee leadership positions between July and November, 2010. Regarding types of information sought, most legislators discussed their desire for data and statistics when working on health-related issues. When asked about their most trusted sources of information, participants mentioned government sources as well as advocacy, lobby and industry groups. A few mentioned universities and healthcare professionals. Results from this study offer public health researchers and practitioners' insights into the types of information that may be most helpful to policymakers. Insights gathered may improve the dissemination of research and bridge the gap between knowledge users and knowledge producers. C1 [Dodson, Elizabeth A.; Brownson, Ross C.] Washington Univ, Brown Sch, Prevent Res Ctr St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Geary, Nora A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Brownson, Ross C.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Brownson, Ross C.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Alvin J Siteman Canc Ctr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Dodson, EA (reprint author), Washington Univ, Brown Sch, Prevent Res Ctr St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM edodson@wustl.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevention Research Centers Program [U48/DP001903]; National Cancer Institute at National Institutes of Health [1R01CA124404-01]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [1P30DK092950]; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences [UL1 TR000448, KL2 TR000450] FX This work was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U48/DP001903 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevention Research Centers Program; the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health [grant number 1R01CA124404-01]; the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [grant number 1P30DK092950]; and Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences [grant UL1 TR000448 and KL2 TR000450] from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 EI 1465-3648 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 840 EP 848 DI 10.1093/her/cyv044 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CZ5UG UT WOS:000367166900002 PM 26464418 ER PT J AU Liang, TJ Block, TM McMahon, BJ Ghany, MG Urban, S Guo, JT Locarnini, S Zoulim, F Chang, KM Lok, AS AF Liang, T. Jake Block, Timothy M. McMahon, Brian J. Ghany, Marc G. Urban, Stephan Guo, Ju-Tao Locarnini, Stephen Zoulim, Fabien Chang, Kyong-Mi Lok, Anna S. TI Present and Future Therapies of Hepatitis B: From Discovery to Cure SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA; TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; TAUROCHOLATE COTRANSPORTING POLYPEPTIDE; COMPLEX THERAPEUTIC VACCINE; CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; ANTIVIRAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LARGE SURFACE PROTEIN; D VIRUS ENTRY; T-CELLS; IN-VIVO AB Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a significant global pathogen, infecting more than 240 million people worldwide. While treatment for HBV has improved, HBV patients often require lifelong therapies and cure is still a challenging goal. Recent advances in technologies and pharmaceutical sciences have heralded a new horizon of innovative therapeutic approaches that are bringing us closer to the possibility of a functional cure of chronic HBV infection. In this article, we review the current state of science in HBV therapy and highlight new and exciting therapeutic strategies spurred by recent scientific advances. Some of these therapies have already entered into clinical phase, and we will likely see more of them moving along the development pipeline. Conclusion: With growing interest in developing and efforts to develop more effective therapies for HBV, the challenging goal of a cure may be well within reach in the near future. C1 [Liang, T. Jake; Ghany, Marc G.] NIDDK, LDB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Block, Timothy M.] Baruch S Blumberg Inst, Doylestown, PA USA. [McMahon, Brian J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. [Urban, Stephan] Univ Heidelberg Hosp, Mol Virol, Dept Infect Dis, Heidelberg, Germany. [Urban, Stephan] Univ Heidelberg Hosp, German Ctr Infect Dis, Heidelberg, Germany. [Locarnini, Stephen] Lyon Univ, Hepatol Dept, Lyon, France. [Locarnini, Stephen] Canc Res Ctr Lyon, INSERM, U1052, Lyon, France. [Zoulim, Fabien] Doherty Inst, Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Chang, Kyong-Mi] Philadelphia Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Chang, Kyong-Mi] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Lok, Anna S.] Univ Michigan, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Liang, TJ (reprint author), NIDDK, LDB, NIH, Bldg 10-9B16,10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jliang@nih.gov FU Janssen; Oncore-Tekmira; Gilead; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Roche; Novira; Arrowhead FX Dr. Guo received grants from Janssen. Dr. Block is on the Board of and owns stock in Contravir. He received grants and holds intellectual property rights with Oncore-Tekmira. Dr. Lok consults and received grants from Gilead. She consults from GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, MYR, and Tekmira. She received grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb. Dr. Chang advises Genentech, Arbutus, and Alnylam. Dr. Zoulim consults and received grants from Roche, Gilead, and Novira. He consults for Janssen. Dr. Locarnini received royalties and holds intellectual property rights with Melbourne Health. He consults and received fees from Arrowhead. He consults for Gilead. NR 154 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0270-9139 EI 1527-3350 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1893 EP 1908 DI 10.1002/hep.28025 PG 16 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA CZ3OF UT WOS:000367013200059 PM 26239691 ER PT J AU Sampson, JN Wheeler, WA Yeager, M Panagiotou, O Wang, Z Berndt, SI Lan, Q Abnet, CC Amundadottir, LT Figueroa, JD Landi, MT Mirabello, L Savage, SA Taylor, PR De Vivo, I McGlynn, KA Purdue, MP Rajaraman, P Adami, HO Ahlbom, A Albanes, D Amary, MF An, SJ Andersson, U Andriole, G Andrulis, IL Angelucci, E Ansell, SM Arici, C Armstrong, BK Arslan, AA Austin, MA Baris, D Barkauskas, DA Bassig, BA Becker, N Benavente, Y Benhamou, S Berg, C Van Den Berg, D Bernstein, L Bertrand, KA Birmann, BM Black, A Boeing, H Boffetta, P Boutron-Ruault, MC Bracci, PM Brinton, L Brooks-Wilson, AR Bueno-De-Mesquita, HB Burdett, L Buring, J Butler, MA Cai, QY Cancel-Tassin, G Canzian, F Carrato, A Carreon, T Carta, A Chan, JKC Chang, ET Chang, GC Chang, IS Chang, J Chang-Claude, J Chen, CJ Chen, CY Chen, C Chen, CH Chen, C Chen, HY Chen, KX Chen, KY Chen, KC Chen, Y Chen, YH Chen, YS Chen, YM Chien, LH Chirlaque, MD Choi, JE Choi, YY Chow, WH Chung, CC Clavel, J Clavel-Chapelon, F Cocco, P Colt, JS Comperat, E Conde, L Connors, JM Conti, D Cortessis, VK Cotterchio, M Cozen, W Crouch, S Crous-Bou, M Cussenot, O Davis, FG Ding, T Diver, WR Dorronsoro, M Dossus, L Duell, EJ Ennas, MG Erickson, RL Feychting, M Flanagan, AM Foretova, L Fraumeni, JF Freedman, ND Freeman, LEB Fuchs, C Gago-Dominguez, M Gallinger, S Gao, YT Gapstur, SM Garcia-Closas, M Garcia-Closas, R Gascoyne, RD Gastier-Foster, J Gaudet, MM Gaziano, JM Giffen, C Giles, GG Giovannucci, E Glimelius, B Goggins, M Gokgoz, N Goldstein, AM Gorlick, R Gross, M Grubb, R Gu, J Guan, P Gunter, M Guo, H Habermann, TM Haiman, CA Halai, D Hallmans, G Hassan, M Hattinger, C He, QC He, XZ Helzlsouer, K Henderson, B Henriksson, R Hjalgrim, H Hoffman-Bolton, J Hohensee, C Holford, TR Holly, EA Hong, YC Hoover, RN Horn-Ross, PL Hosain, GMM Hosgood, HD Hsiao, CF Hu, N Hu, W Hu, ZB Huang, MS Huerta, JM Hung, JY Hutchinson, A Inskip, PD Jackson, RD Jacobs, EJ Jenab, M Jeon, HS Ji, BT Jin, GF Jin, L Johansen, C Johnson, A Jung, YJ Kaaks, R Kamineni, A Kane, E Kang, CH Karagas, MR Kelly, RS Khaw, KT Kim, C Kim, HN Kim, JH Kim, JS Kim, YH Kim, YT Kim, YC Kitahara, CM Klein, AP Klein, RJ Kogevinas, M Kohno, T Kolonel, LN Kooperberg, C Kricker, A Krogh, V Kunitoh, H Kurtz, RC Kweon, SS LaCroix, A Lawrence, C Lecanda, F Lee, VHF Li, DH Li, HX Li, JH Li, YJ Li, YQ Liao, LM Liebow, M Lightfoot, T Lim, WY Lin, CC Lin, DX Lindstrom, S Linet, MS Link, BK Liu, CW Liu, JJ Liu, L Ljungberg, B Lloreta, J Di Lollo, S Lu, D Lund, E Malats, N Mannisto, S Le Marchand, L Marina, N Masala, G Mastrangelo, G Matsuo, K Maynadie, M Mckay, J McKean-Cowdin, R Melbye, M Melin, BS Michaud, DS Mitsudomi, T Monnereau, A Montalvan, R Moore, LE Mortensen, LM Nieters, A North, KE Novak, AJ Oberg, AL Offit, K Oh, IJ Olson, SH Palli, D Pao, W Park, IK Park, JY Park, KH Patino-Garcia, A Pavanello, S Peeters, PHM Perng, RP Peters, U Petersen, GM Picci, P Pike, MC Porru, S Prescott, J Prokunina-Olsson, L Qian, B Qiao, YL Rais, M Riboli, E Riby, J Risch, HA Rizzato, C Rodabough, R Roman, E Roupret, M Ruder, AM de Sanjose, S Scelo, G Schned, A Schumacher, F Schwartz, K Schwenn, M Scotlandi, K Seow, A Serra, C Serra, M Sesso, HD Setiawan, VW Severi, G Severson, RK Shanafelt, TD Shen, HB Shen, W Shin, MH Shiraishi, K Shu, XO Siddiq, A Sierrasesumaga, L Sihoe, ADL Skibola, CF Smith, A Smith, MT Southey, MC Spinelli, JJ Staines, A Stampfer, M Stern, MC Stevens, VL Stolzenberg-Solomon, RS Su, J Su, WC Sund, M Sung, JS Sung, SW Tan, W Tang, W Tardon, A Thomas, D Thompson, CA Tinker, LF Tirabosco, R Tjonneland, A Travis, RC Trichopoulos, D Tsai, FY Tsai, YH Tucker, M Turner, J Vajdic, CM Vermeulen, RCH Villano, DJ Vineis, P Virtamo, J Visvanathan, K Wactawski-Wende, J Wang, CY Wang, CL Wang, JC Wang, JW Wei, FS Weiderpass, E Weiner, GJ Weinstein, S Wentzensen, N White, E Witzig, TE Wolpin, BM Wong, MP Wu, C Wu, GP Wu, JJ Wu, TC Wu, W Wu, XF Wu, YL Wunder, JS Xiang, YB Xu, J Xu, P Yang, PC Yang, TY Ye, YQ Yin, ZH Yokota, J Yoon, HI Yu, CJ Yu, H Yu, K Yuan, JM Zelenetz, A Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A Zhang, XC Zhang, YW Zhao, XY Zhao, ZH Zheng, H Zheng, TZ Zheng, W Zhou, BS Zhu, M Zucca, M Boca, SM Cerhan, JR Ferri, GM Hartge, P Hsiung, CA Magnani, C Miligi, L Morton, LM Smedby, KE Teras, LR Vijai, J Wang, SS Brennan, P Caporaso, NE Hunter, DJ Kraft, P Rothman, N Silverman, DT Slager, SL Chanock, SJ Chatterjee, N AF Sampson, Joshua N. Wheeler, William A. Yeager, Meredith Panagiotou, Orestis Wang, Zhaoming Berndt, Sonja I. Lan, Qing Abnet, Christian C. Amundadottir, Laufey T. Figueroa, Jonine D. Landi, Maria Teresa Mirabello, Lisa Savage, Sharon A. Taylor, Philip R. De Vivo, Immaculata McGlynn, Katherine A. Purdue, Mark P. Rajaraman, Preetha Adami, Hans-Olov Ahlbom, Anders Albanes, Demetrius Amary, Maria Fernanda An, She-Juan Andersson, Ulrika Andriole, Gerald, Jr. Andrulis, Irene L. Angelucci, Emanuele Ansell, Stephen M. Arici, Cecilia Armstrong, Bruce K. Arslan, Alan A. Austin, Melissa A. Baris, Dalsu Barkauskas, Donald A. Bassig, Bryan A. Becker, Nikolaus Benavente, Yolanda Benhamou, Simone Berg, Christine Van Den Berg, David Bernstein, Leslie Bertrand, Kimberly A. Birmann, Brenda M. Black, Amanda Boeing, Heiner Boffetta, Paolo Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine Bracci, Paige M. Brinton, Louise Brooks-Wilson, Angela R. Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas Burdett, Laurie Buring, Julie Butler, Mary Ann Cai, Qiuyin Cancel-Tassin, Geraldine Canzian, Federico Carrato, Alfredo Carreon, Tania Carta, Angela Chan, John K. C. Chang, Ellen T. Chang, Gee-Chen Chang, I-Shou Chang, Jiang Chang-Claude, Jenny Chen, Chien-Jen Chen, Chih-Yi Chen, Chu Chen, Chung-Hsing Chen, Constance Chen, Hongyan Chen, Kexin Chen, Kuan-Yu Chen, Kun-Chieh Chen, Ying Chen, Ying-Hsiang Chen, Yi-Song Chen, Yuh-Min Chien, Li-Hsin Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores Choi, Jin Eun Choi, Yi Young Chow, Wong-Ho Chung, Charles C. Clavel, Jacqueline Clavel-Chapelon, Franoise Cocco, Pierluigi Colt, Joanne S. Comperat, Eva Conde, Lucia Connors, Joseph M. Conti, David Cortessis, Victoria K. Cotterchio, Michelle Cozen, Wendy Crouch, Simon Crous-Bou, Marta Cussenot, Olivier Davis, Faith G. Ding, Ti Diver, W. Ryan Dorronsoro, Miren Dossus, Laure Duell, Eric J. Ennas, Maria Grazia Erickson, Ralph L. Feychting, Maria Flanagan, Adrienne M. Foretova, Lenka Fraumeni, Joseph F., Jr. Freedman, Neal D. Freeman, Laura E. Beane Fuchs, Charles Gago-Dominguez, Manuela Gallinger, Steven Gao, Yu-Tang Gapstur, Susan M. Garcia-Closas, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Reina Gascoyne, Randy D. Gastier-Foster, Julie Gaudet, Mia M. Gaziano, J. Michael Giffen, Carol Giles, Graham G. Giovannucci, Edward Glimelius, Bengt Goggins, Michael Gokgoz, Nalan Goldstein, Alisa M. Gorlick, Richard Gross, Myron Grubb, Robert, III Gu, Jian Guan, Peng Gunter, Marc Guo, Huan Habermann, Thomas M. Haiman, Christopher A. Halai, Dina Hallmans, Goran Hassan, Manal Hattinger, Claudia He, Qincheng He, Xingzhou Helzlsouer, Kathy Henderson, Brian Henriksson, Roger Hjalgrim, Henrik Hoffman-Bolton, Judith Hohensee, Chancellor Holford, Theodore R. Holly, Elizabeth A. Hong, Yun-Chul Hoover, Robert N. Horn-Ross, Pamela L. Hosain, G. M. Monawar Hosgood, H. Dean, III Hsiao, Chin-Fu Hu, Nan Hu, Wei Hu, Zhibin Huang, Ming-Shyan Huerta, Jose-Maria Hung, Jen-Yu Hutchinson, Amy Inskip, Peter D. Jackson, Rebecca D. Jacobs, Eric J. Jenab, Mazda Jeon, Hyo-Sung Ji, Bu-Tian Jin, Guangfu Jin, Li Johansen, Christoffer Johnson, Alison Jung, Yoo Jin Kaaks, Rudolph Kamineni, Aruna Kane, Eleanor Kang, Chang Hyun Karagas, Margaret R. Kelly, Rachel S. Khaw, Kay-Tee Kim, Christopher Kim, Hee Nam Kim, Jin Hee Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Yeul Hong Kim, Young Tae Kim, Young-Chul Kitahara, Cari M. Klein, Alison P. Klein, Robert J. Kogevinas, Manolis Kohno, Takashi Kolonel, Laurence N. Kooperberg, Charles Kricker, Anne Krogh, Vittorio Kunitoh, Hideo Kurtz, Robert C. Kweon, Sun-Seog LaCroix, Andrea Lawrence, Charles Lecanda, Fernando Lee, Victor Ho Fun Li, Donghui Li, Haixin Li, Jihua Li, Yao-Jen Li, Yuqing Liao, Linda M. Liebow, Mark Lightfoot, Tracy Lim, Wei-Yen Lin, Chien-Chung Lin, Dongxin Lindstrom, Sara Linet, Martha S. Link, Brian K. Liu, Chenwei Liu, Jianjun Liu, Li Ljungberg, Boerje Lloreta, Josep Di Lollo, Simonetta Lu, Daru Lund, Eiluv Malats, Nuria Mannisto, Satu Le Marchand, Loic Marina, Neyssa Masala, Giovanna Mastrangelo, Giuseppe Matsuo, Keitaro Maynadie, Marc Mckay, James McKean-Cowdin, Roberta Melbye, Mads Melin, Beatrice S. Michaud, Dominique S. Mitsudomi, Tetsuya Monnereau, Alain Montalvan, Rebecca Moore, Lee E. Mortensen, Lotte Maxild Nieters, Alexandra North, Kari E. Novak, Anne J. Oberg, Ann L. Offit, Kenneth Oh, In-Jae Olson, Sara H. Palli, Domenico Pao, William Park, In Kyu Park, Jae Yong Park, Kyong Hwa Patino-Garcia, Ana Pavanello, Sofia Peeters, Petra H. M. Perng, Reury-Perng Peters, Ulrike Petersen, Gloria M. Picci, Piero Pike, Malcolm C. Porru, Stefano Prescott, Jennifer Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila Qian, Biyun Qiao, You-Lin Rais, Marco Riboli, Elio Riby, Jacques Risch, Harvey A. Rizzato, Cosmeri Rodabough, Rebecca Roman, Eve Roupret, Morgan Ruder, Avima M. de Sanjose, Silvia Scelo, Ghislaine Schned, Alan Schumacher, Fredrick Schwartz, Kendra Schwenn, Molly Scotlandi, Katia Seow, Adeline Serra, Consol Serra, Massimo Sesso, Howard D. Setiawan, Veronica Wendy Severi, Gianluca Severson, Richard K. Shanafelt, Tait D. Shen, Hongbing Shen, Wei Shin, Min-Ho Shiraishi, Kouya Shu, Xiao-Ou Siddiq, Afshan Sierrasesumaga, Luis Sihoe, Alan Dart Loon Skibola, Christine F. Smith, Alex Smith, Martyn T. Southey, Melissa C. Spinelli, John J. Staines, Anthony Stampfer, Meir Stern, Marianna C. Stevens, Victoria L. Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael S. Su, Jian Su, Wu-Chou Sund, Malin Sung, Jae Sook Sung, Sook Whan Tan, Wen Tang, Wei Tardon, Adonina Thomas, David Thompson, Carrie A. Tinker, Lesley F. Tirabosco, Roberto Tjonneland, Anne Travis, Ruth C. Trichopoulos, Dimitrios Tsai, Fang-Yu Tsai, Ying-Huang Tucker, Margaret Turner, Jenny Vajdic, Claire M. Vermeulen, Roel C. H. Villano, Danylo J. Vineis, Paolo Virtamo, Jarmo Visvanathan, Kala Wactawski-Wende, Jean Wang, Chaoyu Wang, Chih-Liang Wang, Jiu-Cun Wang, Junwen Wei, Fusheng Weiderpass, Elisabete Weiner, George J. Weinstein, Stephanie Wentzensen, Nicolas White, Emily Witzig, Thomas E. Wolpin, Brian M. Wong, Maria Pik Wu, Chen Wu, Guoping Wu, Junjie Wu, Tangchun Wu, Wei Wu, Xifeng Wu, Yi-Long Wunder, Jay S. Xiang, Yong-Bing Xu, Jun Xu, Ping Yang, Pan-Chyr Yang, Tsung-Ying Ye, Yuanqing Yin, Zhihua Yokota, Jun Yoon, Ho-Il Yu, Chong-Jen Yu, Herbert Yu, Kai Yuan, Jian-Min Zelenetz, Andrew Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne Zhang, Xu-Chao Zhang, Yawei Zhao, Xueying Zhao, Zhenhong Zheng, Hong Zheng, Tongzhang Zheng, Wei Zhou, Baosen Zhu, Meng Zucca, Mariagrazia Boca, Simina M. Cerhan, James R. Ferri, Giovanni M. Hartge, Patricia Hsiung, Chao Agnes Magnani, Corrado Miligi, Lucia Morton, Lindsay M. Smedby, Karin E. Teras, Lauren R. Vijai, Joseph Wang, Sophia S. Brennan, Paul Caporaso, Neil E. Hunter, David J. Kraft, Peter Rothman, Nathaniel Silverman, Debra T. Slager, Susan L. Chanock, Stephen J. Chatterjee, Nilanjan TI Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types SO JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; LUNG-CANCER; FAMILIAL RISK; PANCREATIC-CANCER; SWEDEN; INDIVIDUALS; MUTATIONS; RELATIVES; LYMPHOMA; DATABASE AB Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation. C1 [Sampson, Joshua N.; Panagiotou, Orestis; Berndt, Sonja I.; Lan, Qing; Abnet, Christian C.; Amundadottir, Laufey T.; Mirabello, Lisa; Savage, Sharon A.; Taylor, Philip R.; McGlynn, Katherine A.; Rajaraman, Preetha; Albanes, Demetrius; Bassig, Bryan A.; Black, Amanda; Brinton, Louise; Chow, Wong-Ho; Chung, Charles C.; Colt, Joanne S.; Fraumeni, Joseph F., Jr.; Freedman, Neal D.; Freeman, Laura E. Beane; Garcia-Closas, Montserrat; Goldstein, Alisa M.; Hoover, Robert N.; Hu, Nan; Hu, Wei; Inskip, Peter D.; Ji, Bu-Tian; Kitahara, Cari M.; Liao, Linda M.; Linet, Martha S.; Moore, Lee E.; Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila; Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael S.; Tang, Wei; Tucker, Margaret; Wang, Chaoyu; Weinstein, Stephanie; Wentzensen, Nicolas; Yu, Kai; Hartge, Patricia; Caporaso, Neil E.; Rothman, Nathaniel; Silverman, Debra T.; Chanock, Stephen J.; Chatterjee, Nilanjan] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD USA. 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[Clavel, Jacqueline; Monnereau, Alain] INSERM, Ctr Res Epidemiol & Populat Hlth CESP, U1018, Environm Epidemiol Canc Grp, Villejuif, France. [Cocco, Pierluigi; Rais, Marco] Univ Cagliari, Dept Publ Hlth Clin & Mol Med, Cagliari, Italy. [Comperat, Eva; Roupret, Morgan] AP HP, Pitie Salpetriere, Dept Urol, Paris, France. [Comperat, Eva] AP HP, Pitie Salpetriere, Dept Pathol, Paris, France. [Conde, Lucia; Riby, Jacques; Skibola, Christine F.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Conde, Lucia; Riby, Jacques; Skibola, Christine F.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Conde, Lucia; Riby, Jacques; Skibola, Christine F.; Smith, Martyn T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Conde, Lucia; Riby, Jacques; Skibola, Christine F.; Smith, Martyn T.] BC Canc Agcy, Ctr Lymphoid Canc, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 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[Kunitoh, Hideo] Japanese Red Cross Med Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Tokyo, Japan. [Kurtz, Robert C.; Offit, Kenneth; Villano, Danylo J.; Virtamo, Jarmo; Zelenetz, Andrew] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Kweon, Sun-Seog] Chonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Jeonnam Reg Canc Ctr, Hwasun Eup, South Korea. [Kweon, Sun-Seog; Shin, Min-Ho] Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Gwangju, South Korea. [Lawrence, Charles; Montalvan, Rebecca] Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Lecanda, Fernando; Patino-Garcia, Ana; Sierrasesumaga, Luis] Univ Navarra, Univ Navarra Clin, Dept Pediat, Pamplona, Spain. [Lee, Victor Ho Fun] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Clin Oncol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jianjun] Qujing Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sanjiangdadao, Qujing, Peoples R China. [Li, Yuqing] Canc Prevent Inst Calif, Fremont, CA USA. [Lin, Chien-Chung] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Cheng Kung Univ Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Tainan 701, Taiwan. 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[Mastrangelo, Giuseppe; Pavanello, Sofia] Univ Padua, Dept Cardiac Thorac & Vasc Sci, Padua, Italy. [Matsuo, Keitaro] Aichi Canc Res Inst, Div Mol Med, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Maynadie, Marc] Univ Burgundy, Registre Hemopathies Malignes Cote dOr, EA 4184, Dijon, France. [Maynadie, Marc] Dijon Univ Hosp, Dijon, France. [Melbye, Mads] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Div Biol & Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Riboli, Elio; Siddiq, Afshan] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England. [Mitsudomi, Tetsuya] Kinki Univ, Sch Med, Div Thorac Surg, Sayama, Osaka 589, Japan. [Monnereau, Alain] Inst Bergonie, Registre Hemopathies Malignes Gironde, Bordeaux, France. Aarhus Univ, Epidemiol Sect, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Aalborg Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Aalborg, Denmark. [Nieters, Alexandra] Univ Med Ctr Freiburg, Ctr Chron Immunodeficiency, Freiburg, Baden Wurttembe, Germany. [North, Kari E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [North, Kari E.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Ctr Genome Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Oberg, Ann L.] Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Div Biomed Stat & Informat, Rochester, MN USA. [Olson, Sara H.; Pike, Malcolm C.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Pao, William] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Div Hematol & Oncol, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Park, Jae Yong] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Med Ctr, Lung Canc Ctr, Daegu, South Korea. [Peeters, Petra H. M.; Vermeulen, Roel C. H.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care 194, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Peeters, Petra H. M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England. [Petersen, Gloria M.] Mayo Clin, Div Epidemiol, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN USA. [Qian, Biyun] Acad Sinica, Genom Res Ctr, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Qiao, You-Lin] Chinese Acad Med Sci, Canc Inst & Hosp, Dept Epidemiol, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China. [Risch, Harvey A.] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Chron Dis Epidemiol, New Haven, CT USA. [Severson, Richard K.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Family Med & Publ Hlth Sci, Detroit, MI USA. Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. [Schwenn, Molly] Maine Canc Registry, Augusta, ME USA. [Serra, Consol] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Dept Ciencies Experimentals & Salut, Barcelona, Spain. [Severi, Gianluca; Vineis, Paolo] Human Genet Fdn, Turin, Italy. [Sihoe, Alan Dart Loon] Queen Mary Hosp, Div Cardiothorac Surg, Dept Surg, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Melbourne, Dept Pathol, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Spinelli, John J.] BC Canc Agcy, Canc Control Res, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Spinelli, John J.] Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Staines, Anthony] Dublin City Univ, Sch Nursing & Human Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Su, Wu-Chou] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Med Coll & Hosp, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Sund, Malin] Umea Univ, Dept Surg & Perioperat Sci, Surg, Umea, Sweden. [Sung, Jae Sook] Korea Univ, Canc Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea. [Sung, Sook Whan] Seoul St Marys Hosp, Dept Thorac & Cardiovasc Surg, Seoul, South Korea. [Tardon, Adonina] Univ Oviedo, Inst Univ Oncol, Oviedo, Spain. [Thomas, David] St Vincents Hosp, Garvan Inst Med Res, Kinghorn Canc Ctr, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia. [Tjonneland, Anne] Danish Canc Soc, Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Travis, Ruth C.] Univ Oxford, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford, England. [Trichopoulos, Dimitrios] Acad Athens, Bur Epidemiol Res, Athens, Greece. [Trichopoulos, Dimitrios] Hellen Hlth Fdn, Athens, Greece. [Tsai, Ying-Huang] Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Resp Thearpy, Chiayi, Taiwan. [Turner, Jenny] Macquarie Univ, Australian Sch Adv Med, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Turner, Jenny] Douglass Hanly Moir Pathol, Dept Histopathol, Macquarie Pk, NSW, Australia. [Vajdic, Claire M.] Univ New S Wales, Prince Wales Clin Sch, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Vermeulen, Roel C. H.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Wactawski-Wende, Jean] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Wang, Chih-Liang] Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Pulm & Crit Care, Taoyuan, Taiwan. [Wang, Jiu-Cun] Fudan Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Genet Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Wang, Junwen] Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Ctr Genom Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Junwen] Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Dept Biochem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wei, Fusheng; Wu, Guoping] China Natl Environm Monitoring Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Weiderpass, Elisabete] Canc Registry Norway, Oslo, Norway. [Weiderpass, Elisabete] Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Dept Genet Epidemiol, Helsinki, Finland. [Wolpin, Brian M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wolpin, Brian M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Wong, Maria Pik] Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wu, Chen] Chinese Acad Med Sci, Canc Inst & Hosp, State Key Lab Mol Oncol, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China. [Wu, Chen] Peking Union Med Coll, Beijing 100021, Peoples R China. [Xiang, Yong-Bing] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Renji Hosp, Shanghai Canc Inst, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Xu, Jun] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Xu, Ping] Wuhan Iron & Steel Corp Staff Worker Hosp, Dept Oncol, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Yang, Pan-Chyr] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Taipei, Taiwan. [Yokota, Jun] Inst Predict & Personalized Med Canc IMPPC, Barcelona, Spain. [Yoon, Ho-Il] Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Songnam, South Korea. [Yuan, Jian-Min] Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Innovat Ctr Biomed Informat, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Cerhan, James R.; Slager, Susan L.] Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN USA. [Ferri, Giovanni M.] Univ Bari, Interdisciplinary Dept Med, Bari, Italy. [Magnani, Corrado] Univ Piemonte Orientale, Dept Translat Med, CPO Piemonte & Unit Med Stat & Epidemiol, Novara, Italy. [Mirabello, Lisa] Canc Prevent & Res Inst ISPO, Environm & Occupat Epidemiol Unit, Florence, Italy. [Smedby, Karin E.] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Stockholm, Sweden. [Hunter, David J.] Broad Inst Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Hunter, David J.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kraft, Peter] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Sampson, JN (reprint author), NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 9609 Med Ctr Dr,7E594, Rockville, MD 20815 USA. EM joshua.sampson@nih.gov; nilanjan.chatterjee@nih.gov RI Wang, Junwen/D-3700-2011; Qiao, You-Lin/B-4139-2012; Clavel, Jacqueline/Q-2750-2016; Hattinger, Claudia/Q-1212-2016; Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015; Kitahara, Cari/R-8267-2016; Jung, Yoojin/G-2519-2015; Kogevinas, Manolis/C-3918-2017; Brooks-Wilson, Angela/E-9399-2012; Krogh, Vittorio/K-2628-2016; Weiderpass, Elisabete/M-4029-2016; Abnet, Christian/C-4111-2015; Purdue, Mark/C-9228-2016; Jin, Li/C-1468-2009; Savage, Sharon/B-9747-2015; de Sanjose Llongueras, Silvia/H-6339-2014; Andrulis, Irene/E-7267-2013; Gallinger, Steven/E-4575-2013; Benhamou, Simone/K-6554-2015 OI Wang, Junwen/0000-0002-4432-4707; Qiao, You-Lin/0000-0001-6380-0871; Clavel, Jacqueline/0000-0002-3616-7676; Hattinger, Claudia/0000-0002-9316-5095; Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124; Joseph, Vijai/0000-0002-7933-151X; Brooks-Wilson, Angela/0000-0003-1009-6408; Krogh, Vittorio/0000-0003-0122-8624; Weiderpass, Elisabete/0000-0003-2237-0128; Abnet, Christian/0000-0002-3008-7843; Purdue, Mark/0000-0003-1177-3108; Jin, Li/0000-0002-4546-2415; Savage, Sharon/0000-0001-6006-0740; FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health FX This study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 63 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 EI 1460-2105 J9 JNCI-J NATL CANCER I JI JNCI-J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 107 IS 12 AR djv279 DI 10.1093/jnci/djv279 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CZ2YN UT WOS:000366970900015 PM 26464424 ER PT J AU Estrada, Y Rosen, A Huang, S Tapia, M Sutton, M Willis, L Quevedo, A Condo, C Vidot, DC Pantin, H Prado, G AF Estrada, Yannine Rosen, Alexa Huang, Shi Tapia, Maria Sutton, Madeline Willis, Leigh Quevedo, Ana Condo, Cecilia Vidot, Denise C. Pantin, Hilda Prado, Guillermo TI Efficacy of a Brief Intervention to Reduce Substance Use and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Risk Among Latino Youth SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Latino adolescent; HIV/AIDS; Substance use; Prevention efficacy trial; Family-based intervention ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HISPANIC ADOLESCENTS; FAMILIAS UNIDAS; BEHAVIORS; INITIATION; OUTCOMES; VIOLENCE; DRUG AB Purpose: Familias Unidas is an efficacious and effective family-based intervention for preventing and reducing substance use and unsafe sexual behaviors among Latino youth. To facilitate its dissemination, Familias Unidas was shortened from a 12-week intervention to a 6-week intervention and evaluated. We hypothesized that brief Familias Unidas would be efficacious in reducing substance use and unsafe sexual behaviors relative to a comparison condition. Methods: We randomized 160 ninth-grade Latino adolescents and their families to brief Familias Unidas or a community practice control condition. Adolescents were surveyed at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months after baseline. Results: At 24 months, youth randomized to brief Familias Unidas had a significantly lower sexual initiation rate (34.0%) relative to control (55.0%), p = .02. Brief Familias Unidas also increased positive parenting. Moderation analyses revealed that brief Familias Unidas was significantly associated with decreased substance use initiation among girls (30.4% vs. 64.0%, respectively; p = .02), but not boys (28.0% vs. 26.7%, respectively; p = .91). Brief Familias Unidas was also significantly associated with reduced unsafe sex among adolescents aged 15 years or less (p < .001), but not among older adolescents (p = .37). Moderating effects were also found for family-level variables. Conclusions: Brief Familias Unidas was efficacious in reducing sex initiation and improving positive parenting. Moderation analyses suggested that brief Familias Unidas was efficacious in reducing substance use initiation and unsafe sex for certain Hispanic adolescent subgroups, highlighting the importance of conducting moderation analyses, and of targeting interventions for specific subgroups. (C) 2015 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Estrada, Yannine; Rosen, Alexa; Huang, Shi; Tapia, Maria; Vidot, Denise C.; Pantin, Hilda; Prado, Guillermo] Univ Miami, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Sutton, Madeline; Willis, Leigh] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Quevedo, Ana; Condo, Cecilia] Univ Catolica Santiago Guayaquil, Dept Social Work, Guayaquil, Ecuador. RP Estrada, Y (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM yestrada@miami.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U01PS000671] FX This research was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, grant number U01PS000671. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X EI 1879-1972 J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 57 IS 6 BP 651 EP 657 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.07.006 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA CZ4GM UT WOS:000367061500014 ER PT J AU Barron, M Davern, M Montgomery, R Tao, X Wolter, KM Zeng, W Dorell, C Black, C AF Barron, Martin Davern, Michael Montgomery, Robert Tao, Xian Wolter, Kirk M. Zeng, Wei Dorell, Christina Black, Carla TI Using Auxiliary Sample Frame Information for Optimum Sampling of Rare Populations SO JOURNAL OF OFFICIAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Optimum allocation; cost model; variance; disproportionate stratification; rare population; age-targeted list; telephone surveys; National Immunization Survey AB We investigate disproportionate stratified sampling as a possibly efficient method of surveying members of a rare domain in circumstances in which there is no acceptable list of members. In this work, we assume that information is available at the sampling stage to stratify the general-population sampling frame into high- and low-density strata. Under a fixed constraint on the variance of the estimator of the domain mean, we make the optimum allocation of sample size to the several strata and show that, in comparison to proportional allocation, the optimum allocation requires (a) a smaller total sample size but (b) a larger number of interviews of members of the rare domain. We illustrate the methods using information about American consumers maintained by market-research companies. Such companies are able to develop lists of households that are thought to have a defined attribute of interest, such as at least one resident in a user-specified age range. The lists are imperfect, with false positives and negatives. We apply an age-targeted list to the National Immunization Survey (NIS), conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which targets the relatively rare population of children age 19-35 months. The age-targeted list comprises the high- density stratum and the rest of the survey's sampling frame comprises the low-density stratum. Given the optimum allocation, we demonstrate potential cost savings for the NIS in excess of ten percent. C1 [Barron, Martin; Davern, Michael; Montgomery, Robert; Tao, Xian; Wolter, Kirk M.; Zeng, Wei] Univ Chicago, NORC, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Dorell, Christina; Black, Carla] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barron, M (reprint author), Univ Chicago, NORC, 55 East Monroe St Suite 3000, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. EM martin-barron@norc.org; davern-michael@norc.org; montgomery-robert@norc.org; tao-xian@norc.org; wolter-kirk@norc.org; zeng-wei@norc.org; eqw1@cdc.gov; cblack2@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU DE GRUYTER OPEN LTD PI WARSAW PA BOGUMILA ZUGA 32A ST, 01-811 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0282-423X J9 J OFF STAT JI J. Off. Stat. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 545 EP 557 DI 10.1515/JOS-2015-0034 PG 13 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA CZ4SO UT WOS:000367093200002 ER PT J AU Burkhalter, KL Savage, HM AF Burkhalter, Kristen L. Savage, Harry M. TI EVALUATING THE USE OF COMMERCIAL WEST NILE VIRUS ANTIGENS AS POSITIVE CONTROLS IN THE RAPID ANALYTE MEASUREMENT PLATFORM WEST NILE VIRUS ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform (R) test; commercial antigen; West Nile virus; positive control AB We evaluated the utility of 2 types of commercially available antigens as positive controls in the Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform (RAMP (R)) West Nile virus (WNV) assay. Purified recombinant WNV envelope antigens and whole killed virus antigens produced positive RAMP results and either type would be useful as a positive control. Killed virus antigens provide operational and economic advantages and we recommend their use over purified recombinant antigens. We also offer practical applications for RAMP positive controls and recommendations for preparing them. C1 [Burkhalter, Kristen L.; Savage, Harry M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Burkhalter, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, 3156 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 371 EP 374 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA CZ5VL UT WOS:000367170300011 PM 26675461 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Szymczak, MS Burkhalter, KL Miller, MM AF Reeves, Will K. Szymczak, Mitchell Scott Burkhalter, Kristen L. Miller, Myrna M. TI LABORATORY VALIDATION OF THE SAND FLY FEVER VIRUS ANTIGEN ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Phlebovirus; Toscana virus; sandfly fever; assay; dipstick ID PHLEBOTOMUS FEVER; RIO-GRANDE; PHLEBOVIRUS; BUNYAVIRIDAE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ARBOVIRUSES; DIVERSITY; DIPTERA AB Sandfly fever group viruses in the genus Phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae) are widely distributed across the globe and are a cause of disease in military troops and indigenous peoples. We assessed the laboratory sensitivity and specificity of the Sand Fly Fever Virus Antigen Assay, a rapid dipstick assay designed to detect sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV) and Toscana virus (TOSV) against a panel of phleboviruses. The assay detected SFNV and TOSV, as well as other phleboviruses including Aguacate, Anahanga, Arumowot, Chagres, and Punta Toro viruses. It did not detect sandfly fever Sicilian, Heartland, Rio Grande, or Rift Valley fever viruses. It did not produce false positive results in the presence of uninfected sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis) or Cache Valley virus, a distantly related bunyavirus. Results from this laboratory evaluation suggest that this assay may be used as a rapid field-deployable assay to detect sand flies infected with TOSV and SFNV, as well as an assortment of other phleboviruses. C1 [Reeves, Will K.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Szymczak, Mitchell Scott; Miller, Myrna M.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Burkhalter, Kristen L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVBD, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, 2510 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Intramural Defense Health Program; 711th Human Performance Wing; Wyoming INBRE (IDeA Networks for Biomedical Research Excellence) FX This research was supported by the Intramural Defense Health Program and the 711th Human Performance Wing. We thank Major S. Davidson for providing dead L. longipalpis, Richard Thomas for his absolutely critical assistance with logistics, and the Armed Forces Pest Management Board for validating the need for field-deployable insect pathogen detection assays. We also thank Brandy Russell (Arbovirus Disease Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) for propagating SFSV, SFNV, and HRTV. The use of trade names in this document does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial hardware or software. Do not cite this document for advertisement. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Army, the Department of Defense, Department of Health and Human Services, or the U.S. Government. Distribution A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Case Number: 88ABW-2015-2928, June 11, 2015, CDC number: 0900f3eb8131c033. Partial funding for this project was received from a Wyoming INBRE (IDeA Networks for Biomedical Research Excellence) undergraduate research fellowship for stipend support for M. Szymczak. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 380 EP 383 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA CZ5VL UT WOS:000367170300013 PM 26675463 ER PT J AU Graham, S Lewis, B Flanagan, B Watson, M Peipins, L AF Graham, S. Lewis, B. Flanagan, B. Watson, M. Peipins, L. TI Travel by public transit to mammography facilities in 6 US urban areas SO JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Mammography; Health disparities; Cancer screening; Public transportation; Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Clinic access ID GEOGRAPHIC ACCESS; AMERICAN WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; CANCER; BARRIERS; TIME; TRANSPORTATION; DIAGNOSIS; ETHNICITY AB We examined lack of private vehicle access and 30 min or longer public transportation travel time to mammography facilities for women 40 years of age or older in the urban areas of Boston, Philadelphia, San Antonio, San Diego, Denver, and Seattle to identify transit marginalized populations - women for whom these travel characteristics may jointly present a barrier to clinic access. This ecological study used sex and race/ethnicity data from the 2010 US Census and household vehicle availability data from the American Community Survey 2008-2012, all at Census tract level. Using the public transportation option on Google Trip Planner we obtained the travel time from the centroid of each census tract to all local mammography facilities to determine the nearest mammography facility in each urban area. Median travel times by public transportation to the nearest facility for women with no household access to a private vehicle were obtained by ranking travel time by population group across all U.S. census tracts in each urban area and across the entire study area. The overall median travel times for each urban area for women without household access to a private vehicle ranged from a low of 15 min in Boston and Philadelphia to 27 min in San Diego. The numbers and percentages of transit marginalized women were then calculated for all urban areas by population group. While black women were less likely to have private vehicle access, and both Hispanic and black women were more likely to be transit marginalized, this outcome varied by urban area. White women constituted the largest number of transit marginalized. Our results indicate that mammography facilities are favorably located for the large majority of women, although there are still substantial numbers for whom travel may likely present a barrier to mammography facility access. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Graham, S.; Lewis, B.; Flanagan, B.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Watson, M.; Peipins, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Graham, S (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F09, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SGraham@cdc.gov FU Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, CDC; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry FX Funding support was provided by the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, CDC and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-1405 J9 J TRANSP HEALTH JI J. Transp. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 2 IS 4 BP 602 EP 609 DI 10.1016/j.jth.2015.09.001 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Transportation SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Transportation GA CZ0IK UT WOS:000366788200018 ER PT J AU Parmer, J Furtado, D Rubin, DL Freimuth, V Kaley, T Okundaye, M AF John Parmer Furtado, Debra Rubin, Donald L. Freimuth, Vicki Kaley, Terry Okundaye, Mumbi TI Improving Interactive Health Literacy Skills of Older Adults: Lessons Learned From Formative Organizational Research With Community Partners SO PROGRESS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH PARTNERSHIPS-RESEARCH EDUCATION AND ACTION LA English DT Article DE Health literacy; formative evaluation; community partnership; Meals on Wheels; older adults ID PATIENT COMMUNICATION; PHYSICIANS AB Background: Meals on Wheels (MOW) organizations are ideal community partners for delivering social support relating to health information exchange for vulnerable and home-bound older adults. Objectives: This article illustrates how formative organizational evaluation can be used to adapt health literacy interventions delivered by community partners. Methods: Key informant interviews and ethnographic observations were conducted as part of a formative organizational evaluation of potential community partners. Lessons Learned: The observed brevity of volunteer-client interaction led program planners to incorporate substantial emphasis on communicating with older adults into the health literacy coach training curriculum. Ethnographic observations made clear that program materials had to be portable and fit it in with the mobile nature of MOW delivery. Conclusions: Formative organizational research can greatly increase the chance of successful implementation of public health interventions when those interventions will be implemented in partnerships with community-based organizations in diverse settings and with varying practices. C1 [John Parmer] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rubin, Donald L.; Freimuth, Vicki] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kaley, Terry] Morrison Healthcare Food Serv, Charlotte, NC USA. [Okundaye, Mumbi] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Parmer, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1557-0541 EI 1557-055X J9 PROG COMM HLTH PARTN JI Prog. Community Health Partnersh. PD WIN PY 2015 VL 9 IS 4 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.1353/cpr.2015.0071 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY8WQ UT WOS:000366689800010 PM 26639379 ER PT J AU Miller, CH AF Miller, Connie H. TI Improving the performance of factor VIII inhibitor tests in hemophilia A SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Factor VIII; Factor VIII inhibitor; Hemophilia ID ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS C1 [Miller, Connie H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Miller, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Blood Disorders, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM crm5@cdc.gov OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1047 EP 1048 DI 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.09.019 PG 2 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA CY9FM UT WOS:000366712800001 PM 26432649 ER PT J AU Okoroh, EM Boulet, SL George, MG Hooper, WC AF Okoroh, Ekwutosi M. Boulet, Sheree L. George, Mary G. Hooper, W. Craig TI Assessing the intersection of cardiovascular disease, venous thromboembolism, and polycystic ovary syndrome SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Venous thrombosis; Epidemiology; Atherosclerosis; Stroke; Polycystic ovary syndrome ID SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION; RISK; CORONARY; PREVALENCE; THROMBOSIS; EVENTS; HEALTH; HEART AB Introduction: No study has examined how the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (aCVD), of ischemic stroke (ISCH), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and peripheral vascular disease (PAD), differ in the presence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Materials and methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis using Truven Health Analytics MarketScan (R) Commercial databases from 2004-2011. The association between women aged 18-64 years with and without PCOS, and aCVD was assessed using VTE-stratified multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Overall, women with PCOS were more likely to have aCVD, (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.10-1.46) especially ISCH (aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.30-1.88), than women without PCOS. When stratified by VTE status, women with PCOS and a VTE diagnosis had a decreased odds of having any aCVD (aOR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46-0.98), and VTE diagnosis more often preceded the occurrence of ISCH and AMI among women with PCOS compared with women without PCOS. Conclusions: Overall, women with PCOS were more likely to have aCVD, with stroke being the most prevalent manifestation. Although VTE often occurred before any aCVD, it appeared to have an inverse association with the development of ISCH, AMI, and PAD among women with PCOS, suggesting that aggressively treating VTE or aCVD early may limit the chances of developing the other thrombogenic condition among women with PCOS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Okoroh, Ekwutosi M.; Hooper, W. Craig] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Boulet, Sheree L.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [George, Mary G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Okoroh, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd Mailstop F74, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eokoroh@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1165 EP 1168 DI 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.10.022 PG 4 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA CY9FM UT WOS:000366712800023 PM 26489726 ER PT J AU Roberts, RA Aschner, M Calligaro, D Guilarte, TR Hanig, JP Herr, DW Hudzik, TJ Jeromin, A Kallman, MJ Liachenko, S Lynch, JJ Miller, DB Moser, VC O'Callaghan, JP Slikker, W Paule, MG AF Roberts, Ruth A. Aschner, Michael Calligaro, David Guilarte, Tomas R. Hanig, Joseph P. Herr, David W. Hudzik, Thomas J. Jeromin, Andreas Kallman, Mary J. Liachenko, Serguei Lynch, James J., III Miller, Diane B. Moser, Virginia C. O'Callaghan, James P. Slikker, William, Jr. Paule, Merle G. TI Translational Biomarkers of Neurotoxicity: A Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Perspective on the Way Forward SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE neurotoxicity; biomarker; imaging; CSF; neurotoxicity ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID BIOMARKERS; C-TERMINAL HYDROLASE-L1; 18 KDA TSPO; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; IN-VIVO; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; TRIMETHYLTIN; RAT; NEURODEGENERATION AB Neurotoxicity has been linked to a number of common drugs and chemicals, yet efficient and accurate methods to detect it are lacking. There is a need for more sensitive and specific biomarkers of neurotoxicity that can help diagnose and predict neurotoxicity that are relevant across animal models and translational from nonclinical to clinical data. Fluid-based biomarkers such as those found in serum, plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have great potential due to the relative ease of sampling compared with tissues. Increasing evidence supports the potential utility of fluid-based biomarkers of neurotoxicity such as microRNAs, F-2-isoprostanes, translocator protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1, myelin basic protein, microtubule-associated protein-2, and total tau. However, some of these biomarkers such as those in CSF require invasive sampling or are specific to one disease such as Alzheimer's, while others require further validation. Additionally, neuroimaging methodologies, including magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography, may also serve as potential biomarkers and have several advantages including being minimally invasive. The development of biomarkers of neurotoxicity is a goal shared by scientists across academia, government, and industry and is an ideal topic to be addressed via the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) framework which provides a forum to collaborate on key challenging scientific topics. Here we utilize the HESI framework to propose a consensus on the relative potential of currently described biomarkers of neurotoxicity to assess utility of the selected biomarkers using a nonclinical model. C1 [Roberts, Ruth A.] ApconiX, BioHub Alderley Pk, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, Cheshire, England. [Aschner, Michael] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Calligaro, David] Eli Lilly & Co, Div Eli Lilly & Co, Pharmacol Toxicol Res Lilly Res Labs, Lilly Corp Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. [Guilarte, Tomas R.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Hanig, Joseph P.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Herr, David W.; Moser, Virginia C.] US EPA, NHEERL, Toxicol Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hudzik, Thomas J.] AbbVie Inc, N Chicago, IL 60064 USA. [Jeromin, Andreas; Lynch, James J., III] Quanterix Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Kallman, Mary J.] Covance Inc, Indianapolis, IN 46214 USA. [Liachenko, Serguei; Slikker, William, Jr.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Miller, Diane B.; O'Callaghan, James P.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Paule, Merle G.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Roberts, RA (reprint author), ApconiX, BioHub Alderley Pk, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, Cheshire, England. EM ruth.roberts@apconix.com FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES009089] NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 148 IS 2 BP 332 EP 340 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfv188 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA CZ6FB UT WOS:000367195500001 PM 26609132 ER PT J AU Kalb, SR Schieltz, DM Becher, F Astot, C Fredriksson, SA Barr, JR AF Kalb, Suzanne R. Schieltz, David M. Becher, Francois Astot, Crister Fredriksson, Sten-Ake Barr, John R. TI Recommended Mass Spectrometry-Based Strategies to Identify Ricin-Containing Samples SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE ricin; RCA120; Ricinus communis; mass spectrometry ID CASTOR BEAN EXTRACTS; FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION; PURIFIED EXTRACTS; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; A-CHAIN; TOXINS; DIGESTION; TOXICITY; COMMUNIS; CRUDE AB Ricin is a protein toxin produced by the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis) together with a related protein known as R. communis agglutinin (RCA120). Mass spectrometric (MS) assays have the capacity to unambiguously identify ricin and to detect ricin's activity in samples with complex matrices. These qualitative and quantitative assays enable detection and differentiation of ricin from the less toxic RCA120 through determination of the amino acid sequence of the protein in question, and active ricin can be monitored by MS as the release of adenine from the depurination of a nucleic acid substrate. In this work, we describe the application of MS-based methods to detect, differentiate and quantify ricin and RCA120 in nine blinded samples supplied as part of the EQuATox proficiency test. Overall, MS-based assays successfully identified all samples containing ricin or RCA120 with the exception of the sample spiked with the lowest concentration (0.414 ng/mL). In fact, mass spectrometry was the most successful method for differentiation of ricin and RCA120 based on amino acid determination. Mass spectrometric methods were also successful at ranking the functional activities of the samples, successfully yielding semi-quantitative results. These results indicate that MS-based assays are excellent techniques to detect, differentiate, and quantify ricin and RCA120 in complex matrices. C1 [Kalb, Suzanne R.; Schieltz, David M.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Becher, Francois] Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat C, Serv Pharmacol & Immunoanal, Inst Biol & Technol Saclay iBiTec S, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Astot, Crister; Fredriksson, Sten-Ake] Swedish Def Res Agcy FOI, SE-90182 Umea, Sweden. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM skalb@cdc.gov; dschieltz@cdc.gov; francois.becher@cea.fr; crister.astot@foi.se; sten-ake.fredriksson@foi.se; jbarr@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD DEC PY 2015 VL 7 IS 12 BP 4881 EP 4894 DI 10.3390/toxins7124854 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA CZ3OI UT WOS:000367013500003 PM 26610568 ER PT J AU Benoit, TJ Blaney, DD Doker, TJ Gee, JE Elrod, MG Rolim, DB Inglis, TJJ Hoffmaster, AR Bower, WA Walke, HT AF Benoit, Tina J. Blaney, David D. Doker, Thomas J. Gee, Jay E. Elrod, Mindy G. Rolim, Dionne B. Inglis, Timothy J. J. Hoffmaster, Alex R. Bower, William A. Walke, Henry T. TI Review Article: A Review of Melioidosis Cases in the Americas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Review ID BURKHOLDERIA-PSEUDOMALLEI; PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOMALLEI; NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL; THAILAND; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; ANIMALS; MONKEY AB Melioidosis is a bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative saprophytic bacillus. Cases occur sporadically in the Americas with an increasing number of cases observed among people with no travel history to endemic countries. To better understand the incidence of the disease in the Americas, we reviewed the literature, including unpublished cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Of 120 identified human cases, occurring between 1947 and June 2015, 95 cases (79%) were likely acquired in the Americas; the mortality rate was 39%. Burkholderia pseudomallei appears to be widespread in South, Central, and North America. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Rolim, Dionne B.] Univ Fortaleza UNIFOR, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Inglis, Timothy J. J.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Pathol & Lab Med, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Benoit, Tina J.; Blaney, David D.; Gee, Jay E.; Elrod, Mindy G.; Hoffmaster, Alex R.; Bower, William A.; Walke, Henry T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Doker, Thomas J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Blaney, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM josanabenoit@hotmail.com; dblaney@cdc.gov; thomas.doker@gmail.com; xzg4@cdc.gov; mglass@cdc.gov; dionnerolim@gmail.com; tim.inglis@uwa.edu.au; ahoffmaster@cdc.gov; wbower@cdc.gov; hwalke@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1134 EP 1139 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0405 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CY6TD UT WOS:000366540800004 PM 26458779 ER PT J AU Piralam, B Tomczyk, SM Rhodes, JC Thamthitiwat, S Gregory, CJ Olsen, SJ Praphasiri, P Sawatwong, P Naorat, S Chantra, S Areerat, P Hurst, CP Moore, MR Muangchana, C Baggett, HC AF Piralam, Barameht Tomczyk, Sara M. Rhodes, Julia C. Thamthitiwat, Somsak Gregory, Christopher J. Olsen, Sonja J. Praphasiri, Prabda Sawatwong, Pongpun Naorat, Sathapana Chantra, Somrak Areerat, Peera Hurst, Cameron P. Moore, Matthew R. Muangchana, Charung Baggett, Henry C. TI Incidence of Pneumococcal Pneumonia among Adults in Rural Thailand, 2006-2011: Implications for Pneumococcal Vaccine Considerations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; URINARY ANTIGEN TEST; CONJUGATE VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CHILDREN YOUNGER; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE; BURDEN; BINAX; PREVENTION AB The incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults is a key driver for the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine used among children. We sought to obtain more accurate incidence estimates among adults by including results of pneumococcal urine antigen testing (UAT) from population-based pneumonia surveillance in two Thai provinces. Active surveillance from 2006 to 2011 identified acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI)-related hospital admissions. Adult cases of pneumococcal pneumonia were defined as hospitalized ALRI patients aged 18 years with isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood or with positive UAT. Among 39,525 adult ALRI patients, we identified 481 pneumococcal pneumonia cases (105 by blood culture, 376 by UAT only). Estimated incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations was 30.5 cases per 100,000 persons per year (2.2 and 28.3 cases per 100,000 persons per year by blood culture and UAT, respectively). Incidence varied between 22.7 in 2007 and 43.5 in 2010, and increased with age to over 150 per 100,000 persons per year among persons aged >= 70 years. Viral coinfections including influenza A/B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and adenovirus occurred in 11% (44/409) of pneumococcal pneumonia cases tested. Use of UAT to identify cases of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults in rural Thailand substantially increases estimates of pneumococcal pneumonia burden, thereby informing cost-effectiveness analyses and vaccine policy decisions. C1 [Piralam, Barameht; Areerat, Peera] Nakhon Phanom Prov Hlth Off, Amphur Muang, Nakhon Phanorn, Thailand. [Piralam, Barameht; Hurst, Cameron P.] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen Provi, Thailand. [Tomczyk, Sara M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tomczyk, Sara M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Educ & Profess Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tomczyk, Sara M.; Moore, Matthew R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rhodes, Julia C.; Thamthitiwat, Somsak; Gregory, Christopher J.; Sawatwong, Pongpun; Naorat, Sathapana; Baggett, Henry C.] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US Ctr Dis Control & Pr, Int Emerging Infect Program, Global Dis Detect Ctr, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Gregory, Christopher J.; Baggett, Henry C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Hlth Protect, Atlanta, GA USA. [Olsen, Sonja J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Praphasiri, Prabda] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US Ctr Dis Control & Pr, Influenza Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Chantra, Somrak] Sa Kaeo Prov Hlth Off, Sa Kaeo, Sa Kaeo Provinc, Thailand. [Muangchana, Charung] Natl Vaccine Inst, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Piralam, B (reprint author), Nakhon Phanom Prov Hlth Off, Amphur Muang, Nakhon Phanorn, Thailand. EM baramehtp@yahoo.com; xdj2@cdc.gov; icq0@cdc.gov; hpv2@cdc.gov; hgk4@cdc.gov; sco2@cdc.gov; hpu3@cdc.gov; hps5@cdc.gov; hpu5@cdc.gov; somrakc@hotmail.com; peeraree@hotmail.com; cphurst@gmail.com; zdn4@cdc.gov; charungm@hotmail.com; hfb8@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Pneumococcal Vaccines Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan (PneumoADIP) FX This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It was also partially supported by the Pneumococcal Vaccines Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan (PneumoADIP), a collaboration between GAVI Alliance and John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1140 EP 1147 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0429 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CY6TD UT WOS:000366540800005 PM 26503277 ER PT J AU Lyke, KE Laurens, MB Strauss, K Adams, M Billingsley, PF James, E Manoj, A Chakravarty, S Plowe, CV Li, ML Ruben, A Edelman, R Green, M Dube, TJ Sim, BKL Hoffman, SL AF Lyke, Kirsten E. Laurens, Matthew B. Strauss, Kathy Adams, Matthew Billingsley, Peter F. James, Eric Manoj, Anita Chakravarty, Sumana Plowe, Christopher V. Li, Ming Lin Ruben, Adam Edelman, Robert Green, Michael Dube, Tina J. Sim, B. Kim Lee Hoffman, Stephen L. TI Optimizing Intradermal Administration of Cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites in Controlled Human Malaria Infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; CHLOROQUINE; EFFICACY; INJECTION AB Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) is a powerful tool to evaluate malaria vaccine and prophylactic drug efficacy. Until recently CHMI was only carried out by the bite of infected mosquitoes. A parenteral method of CHMI would standardize Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) administration, eliminate the need for expensive challenge facility infrastructure, and allow for use of many P falciparum strains. Recently, intradermal (ID) injection of aseptic, purified, cryopreserved PfSPZ was shown to induce P falciparum malaria; however, 100% infection rates were not achieved by ID injection. To optimize ID PfSPZ dosing so as to achieve 100% infection, 30 adults aged 18-45 years were randomized to one of six groups composed of five volunteers each. The parameters of dose (1 x 10(4) versus 5 x 10(4) PfSPZ total dose per volunteer), number of injections (two versus eight), and aliquot volume per ID injection (10 mu L versus 50 mu L) were studied. Three groups attained 100% infection: 1 x 104 PfSPZ in 50 p.L/2 doses, 1 x 10(4) PfSPZ in 10 mu L/2 doses, and 5 x 10(4) PfSPZ in 10 mu L/8 doses. The group that received 5 x 10(4) PfSPZ total dose in eight 10 mu L injections had a 100% infection rate and the shortest prepatent period (mean of 12.7 days), approaching the prepatent period for the current CHMI standard of five infected mosquitoes. C1 [Lyke, Kirsten E.; Laurens, Matthew B.; Strauss, Kathy; Adams, Matthew; Plowe, Christopher V.; Edelman, Robert] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Billingsley, Peter F.; James, Eric; Manoj, Anita; Chakravarty, Sumana; Ruben, Adam; Sim, B. Kim Lee; Hoffman, Stephen L.] Sanaria Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Li, Ming Lin; Sim, B. Kim Lee] Prot Potential LLC, Rockville, MD USA. [Green, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dube, Tina J.] EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Lyke, KE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, HSF 1,Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM klyke@medicine.umaryland.edu; mlaurens@medicine.umaryland.edu; kstrauss@medicine.umaryland.edu; madams@medicine.umaryland.edu; pbillingsley@sanaria.com; ejames@sanaria.com; amanoj@sanaria.com; schakravarty@sanaria.com; cplowe@medicine.umaryland.edu; mli@protpot.com; aruben@sanaria.com; redelman@medicine.umaryland.edu; mdg4@cdc.gov; tdube@emmes.com; ksim@sanaria.com; slhoffman@sanaria.com RI Laurens, Matthew/E-7293-2013 OI Laurens, Matthew/0000-0003-3874-581X FU Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institute of Health (NIAID/NIH) [R44AI058375-03, 04, 05, 05S1]; NIAID/NIH, Department of HHS, under Vaccine Training Evaluation Unit [HHSN2722008000001C] FX The development and manufacturing of PfSPZ Challenge was also supported by Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) (grants R44AI058375-03, 04, 05, 05S1) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institute of Health (NIAID/NIH) to SLH. The clinical trial was supported by federal funds from the NIAID/NIH, Department of HHS, under Vaccine Training Evaluation Unit Contract No. HHSN2722008000001C, to the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Center for Vaccine Development. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1274 EP 1284 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0341 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CY6TD UT WOS:000366540800026 PM 26416102 ER PT J AU Richards, F Rizzo, N Espinoza, CED Monroy, ZM Valdez, CGC de Cabrera, RM de Leon, O Zea-Flores, G Sauerbrey, M Morales, AL Rios, D Unnasch, TR Hassan, HK Klein, R Eberhard, M Cupp, E Dominguez, A AF Richards, Frank, Jr. Rizzo, Nidia Diaz Espinoza, Carlos Enrique Morales Monroy, Zoraida Crovella Valdez, Carol Guillermina Mendizabal de Cabrera, Renata de Leon, Oscar Zea-Flores, Guillermo Sauerbrey, Mauricio Morales, Alba Lucia Rios, Dalila Unnasch, Thomas R. Hassan, Hassan K. Klein, Robert Eberhard, Mark Cupp, Ed Dominguez, Alfredo TI One Hundred Years After Its Discovery in Guatemala by Rodolfo Robles, Onchocerca volvulus Transmission Has Been Eliminated from the Central Endemic Zone SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID BLACK FLIES; IVERMECTIN; INFECTION; INTERRUPTION; PREVALENCE; FOCUS; MEXICO AB We report the elimination of Onchocerca volvuhts transmission from the Central Endemic Zone (CEZ) of onchocerciasis in Guatemala, the largest focus of this disease in the Americas and the first to be discovered in this hemisphere by Rodolfo Robles Valverde in 1915. Mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin was launched in 1988, with semiannual MDA coverage reaching at least 85% of the eligible population in > 95% of treatment rounds during the 12-year period, 2000-2011. Serial parasitological testing to monitor MDA impact in sentinel villages showed a decrease in microfilaria skin prevalence from 70% to 0%, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based entomological assessments of the principal vector Simttlium ochraceum s.l. showed transmission interruption by 2007. These assessments, together with a 2010 serological survey in children 9-69 months of age that showed Ov16 IgG4 antibody prevalence to be < 0.1%, meeting World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for stopping MDA, and treatment was halted after 2011. After 3 years an entomological assessment showed no evidence of vector infection or recrudescence of transmission. In 2015, 100 years after the discovery of its presence, the Ministry of Health of Guatemala declared onchocerciasis transmission as having been eliminated from the CEZ. C1 [Richards, Frank, Jr.] Carter Ctr, River Blindness Eliminat Program, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. [Rizzo, Nidia; Mendizabal de Cabrera, Renata; de Leon, Oscar] UVG, Ctr Estudios Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Diaz Espinoza, Carlos Enrique] Minist Salud Publ & Asistencia Social, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Carter Ctr, OEPA, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Unnasch, Thomas R.; Hassan, Hassan K.] Univ S Florida, Dept Global Hlth, Global Hlth Infect Dis Program, Tampa, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Richards, Frank, Jr.] Carter Ctr, River Blindness Program, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. [Morales Monroy, Zoraida] Minist Salud Publ & Asistencia Social Guatemala, Programa Nacl Enfermedades Transmitidas Vectores, Ciudad Guatemala, Guatemala. [Crovella Valdez, Carol Guillermina] Minist Salud Publ & Asistencia Social Guatemala, Ciudad Guatemala, Guatemala. [Zea-Flores, Guillermo] Guillermo Zea Flores, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Sauerbrey, Mauricio; Morales, Alba Lucia; Rios, Dalila; Dominguez, Alfredo] Edificio Murano Ctr, Onchocerciasis Eliminat Program Amer, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Klein, Robert] Med Entomol Res & Training Unit Guatemala, Miami, FL USA. [Eberhard, Mark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cupp, Ed] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol, Owensboro, KY USA. RP Richards, F (reprint author), Carter Ctr, River Blindness Eliminat Program, One Copenhill,453 Freedom Pkwy, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. EM frank.richards@emory.edu; nrizzo@ces.uvg.edu.gt; carlosenriquediazespinoza@gmail.com; zoraidamoralesmonroy@gmail.com; ccrovellav@gmail.com; rmendizabal@ces.uvg.edu.gt; odeleon@ces.uvg.edu.gt; gzeaflores@hotmail.com; msauercar@gmail.com; almorales@oepa.net; drios@oepa.net; tunnasch@health.ust.edu; hhassan@health.usf.edu; roeklein64@gmail.com; mle1@cdc.gov; cuppedd@auburn.edu; adominguez59@hotmail.com RI de Leon, Oscar/R-2000-2016 OI de Leon, Oscar/0000-0003-1344-4412 FU Guatemalan Government; Pan American Health Organization; OEPA/The Carter Center from Lions Clubs International Foundation; OEPA/The Carter Center from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; OEPA/The Carter Center from Merck; OEPA/The Carter Center from Mectizan Donation Program; OEPA/The Carter Center from U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); OEPA/The Carter Center from United States Agency for International Development (USAID); OEPA/The Carter Center from Carlos Slim Foundation; OEPA/The Carter Center from Inter-American Development Bank; OEPA/The Carter Center from River Blindness Foundation; OEPA/The Carter Center from OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID); OEPA/The Carter Center from Alwaleed Bin Talal Foundation; OEPA/The Carter Center from Starr Foundation; OEPA/The Carter Center from Falconer Charitable Remainder Trust; OEPA/The Carter Center from Carter Center; OEPA/The Carter Center from Carte UK Foundation; OEPA/The Carter Center from Baxter International Foundation; OEPA/The Carter Center from Alcon Laboratories; OEPA/The Carter Center from John C. and Karyl Kay Hughes Foundation; OEPA/The Carter Center from Osprey Foundation of Maryland; OEPA/The Carter Center from UPS Foundation FX The Guatemalan program received financial support from the Guatemalan Government and the Pan American Health Organization, and from 1993 to 2014 through OEPA/The Carter Center that included grants from the Lions Clubs International Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Merck and the Mectizan Donation Program, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), The Carlos Slim Foundation, The Inter-American Development Bank, The River Blindness Foundation, the OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID), The Alwaleed Bin Talal Foundation, The Starr Foundation, Falconer Charitable Remainder Trust, The Carter Center, The Carte UK Foundation, The Baxter International Foundation, Alcon Laboratories, John C. and Karyl Kay Hughes Foundation, The Osprey Foundation of Maryland, The UPS Foundation and many private individuals. Prior to OEPA, in the late 1980s and 1990s, key support to Guatemala for ivermectin distribution, in addition to that of the Government of Guatemala, was provided by the River Blindness Foundation, the Pan American Health Organization, the International Eye Foundation, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and the Public Welfare Foundation. Ivermectin (Mectizan) was provided by Merck. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1295 EP 1304 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0364 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CY6TD UT WOS:000366540800029 PM 26503275 ER PT J AU Mwinzi, PNM Muchiri, G Wiegand, RE Omedo, M Abudho, B Karanja, DMS Montgomery, SP Secor, WE AF Mwinzi, Pauline N. M. Muchiri, Geoffrey Wiegand, Ryan E. Omedo, Martin Abudho, Bernard Karanja, Diana M. S. Montgomery, Susan P. Secor, W. Evan TI Predictive Value of School-Aged Children's Schistosomiasis Prevalence and Egg Intensity for Other Age Groups in Western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS; RAIN-FOREST ZONE; COMMUNITY PREVALENCE; BRAZIL; INFECTIONS; PERNAMBUCO; MANSONI; ENDEMICITY; INDEX AB World Health Organization recommendations for the timing and target population for mass drug administration (MDA) for schistosomiasis are based on the prevalence of infection in school children within a given community. In a large study comparing MDA approaches for Schistosoma mansoni control, we evaluated whether prevalence of infection and egg burdens in 9- to 12-year-old students reflected infection levels in young children and adults in the same community. Cross-sectional surveys of preadolescents (9-12 years old) were compared with those of first year students (5-8 years old) in 225 villages and adults (20-55 years old) in 150 villages along the Kenyan shores of Lake Victoria. Village schistosomiasis prevalence and intensity levels in preadolescents strongly correlated (P < 0.0001) with prevalence and infection intensity for other age groups in the community. Our findings suggest that S. mansoni prevalence and intensity among 9- to 12-year-olds are valid for community sampling purposes in mapping for MDAs. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Wiegand, Ryan E.; Montgomery, Susan P.; Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Mwinzi, Pauline N. M.; Muchiri, Geoffrey; Omedo, Martin; Abudho, Bernard; Karanja, Diana M. S.] Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Neglected Trop Dis Branch, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D65, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM pmwinzi@kemricdc.org; martowino007@yahoo.com; fwk2@cdc.gov; geoffmosh@yahoo.com; babudho@kemricdc.org; dkaranja@kemricdc.org; zqu6@cdc.gov; was4@cdc.gov FU University of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX This study was made possible by the generous support from the University of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc., which is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for this SCORE project. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1311 EP 1317 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0467 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CY6TD UT WOS:000366540800031 PM 26416108 ER PT J AU Paz-Soldan, VA Morrison, AC Lopez, JJC Lenhart, A Scott, TW Elder, JP Sihuincha, M Kochel, TJ Halsey, ES Astete, H McCall, PJ AF Paz-Soldan, Valerie A. Morrison, Amy C. Cordova Lopez, Jhonny J. Lenhart, Audrey Scott, Thomas W. Elder, John P. Sihuincha, Moises Kochel, Tadeusz J. Halsey, Eric S. Astete, Helvio McCall, Philip J. TI Dengue Knowledge and Preventive Practices in Iquitos, Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; CULICIDAE PRODUCTION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CONTROL PROGRAM; VECTOR; URBAN; ACCEPTABILITY; INTEREPIDEMIC; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB As part of a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate insecticide-treated curtains for dengue prevention in Iquitos, Peru, we surveyed 1,333 study participants to examine knowledge and reported practices associated with dengue and its prevention. Entomological data from 1,133 of these households were linked to the survey. Most participants knew that dengue was transmitted by mosquito bite (85.6%), but only few (18.6%) knew that dengue vectors bite during daytime. Most commonly recognized dengue symptoms were fever (86.6%), headache (76.4%), and muscle/joint pain (67.9%). Most commonly reported correct practices for mosquito control were cleaning homes (61.6%), using insecticide sprays (23%), and avoiding having standing water at home (12.3%). Higher education was associated with higher knowledge about dengue, including transmission and vector control. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with increased reported use of preventive practices requiring money expenditure. We were less likely to find Aedes aegypti eggs, larvae, or pupae in households that had < 5-year-old children at home. Although dengue has been transmitted in Iquitos since the 1990s and the Regional Health Authority routinely fumigates households, treats domestic water containers with larvicide, and issues health education messages through mass media, knowledge of dengue transmission and household practices for prevention could be improved. C1 [Paz-Soldan, Valerie A.] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Global Community Hlth & Behav Sci Dept, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Fac Salud Publ & Adm, Lima, Peru. [Astete, Helvio] United States Naval Med Res Unit 6, Iquitos, Peru. [Morrison, Amy C.; Scott, Thomas W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Iquitos, Peru. [McCall, Philip J.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Scott, Thomas W.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. San Diego State Univ, IBACH, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Sihuincha, Moises] Hosp Apoyo, Dept Internal Med, Iquitos, Peru. [Kochel, Tadeusz J.] Naval Med Res Ctr, Dept Virol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cordova Lopez, Jhonny J.] US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Iquitos, Peru. [Lenhart, Audrey] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Elder, John P.] San Diego State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Halsey, Eric S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Paz-Soldan, VA (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Global Community Hlth & Behav Sci Dept, 1440 Canal St,Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM vpazsold@tulane.edu; amy.aegypti@gmail.com; jjcordova_2000@hotmail.com; aj18@cdc.gov; twscott@ucdavis.edu; jelder@mail.sdsu.edu; sihuincha@hotmail.com; Tadeusz.Kochel@nbacc.dhs.gov; ycw8@cdc.gov; astetehelvio@gmail.com; philip.mccall@lstmed.ac.uk FU Wellcome Trust [WT085714MA]; U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/MAID) [R01 AI069341-01]; NIH/NIAID [P01 AI098670]; Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center Global Emerging Infections Systems Research Program [847705.82000.25GB.B0016]; Military Infectious Disease Research Program [S0263_10_LI, S0216_09_LI]; Fogarty International Center [K01 TW008414-01A1]; Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) program of the Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by funding from the Wellcome Trust (WT085714MA), the U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/MAID) award number R01 AI069341-01, the NIH/NIAID award number P01 AI098670, the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center Global Emerging Infections Systems Research Program (847705.82000.25GB.B0016), and the Military Infectious Disease Research Program (S0263_10_LI and S0216_09_LI). Valerie A. Paz-Soldan received supported from the Fogarty International Center, award number K01 TW008414-01A1. Thomas W. Scott received support from the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) program of the Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1330 EP 1337 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0096 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CY6TD UT WOS:000366540800034 PM 26503276 ER PT J AU Calvert, AE Branlt, AC AF Calvert, Amanda E. Branlt, Aaron C. TI Development and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against the Nucleoprotein of Heartland Virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; THROMBOCYTOPENIA SYNDROME VIRUS; PROTEIN-SPECIFIC IMMUNOASSAYS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; HUMORAL RESPONSE; TOSCANA VIRUS; PHLEBOVIRUS; INFECTION; IMMUNITY AB Heartland virus (HRTV), a phlebovirus first isolated from two Missouri farmers in 2009, has been proposed to be transmitted to humans by the bite of infected Amblyomma americanum ticks. It is closely related to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) from China, another previously unrecognized phlebovirus that has subsequently been associated with hundreds of cases of severe disease in humans. To expand diagnostic capacity to detect HRTV infections, 20 hybridoma clones secreting anti-HRTV murine monoclonal antibodies (1VIAbs) were developed using splenocytes from HRTV-inoculated AG129 alpha/beta and gamma interferon receptor deficient mice. Nine of these MAbs were characterized herein for inclusion in future HRTV diagnostic assay development. All of the MAbs developed were found to be non-neutralizing and reactive to linear epitopes on HRTV nucleocapsid protein. MAb 2AF11 was found to be cross-reactive with SFTSV. C1 [Calvert, Amanda E.] US Ctr Dis Control, Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Branlt, Aaron C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Calvert, AE (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, 3156 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM zpz0@cdc.gov; acbrault1@mac.com NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1338 EP 1340 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0473 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CY6TD UT WOS:000366540800035 PM 26503274 ER PT J AU Mohamed, GA Ahmed, JA Marano, N Mohamed, A Moturi, E Burton, W Otieno, S Fields, B Montgomery, J Kabugi, W Musa, H Cookson, ST AF Mohamed, Gedi A. Ahmed, Jamal A. Marano, Nina Mohamed, Abdinoor Moturi, Edna Burton, Wagacha Otieno, Samora Fields, Barry Montgomery, Joel Kabugi, Willy Musa, Hashim Cookson, Susan T. TI Etiology and Incidence of Viral Acute Respiratory Infections among Refugees Aged 5 Years and Older in Hagadera Camp, Dadaab, Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA-LIKE ILLNESS AB We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Kenya Medical Research Institute Acute Respiratory Infection (ART) Surveillance System data to estimate severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) hospitalization rates, viral etiology, and associated complaints of influenza-like illnesses (ILI) and SARI conditions among those aged 5 years and older in Hagadera, Dadaab refugee camp, Kenya, for 2010-2012. A total of 471 patients aged >= 5 years met the case definition for ILI or SARI. SARI hospitalization rates per 10,000 person-years were 14.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.1, 22.2) for those aged 5-14 years; 3.4 (95% CI = 1.6, 7.2) for those aged 15-24 year; and 3.8 (95% CI = 1.6, 7.2) for those aged 25 years. Persons between the ages of 5 and 14 years had 3.5 greater odds to have been hospitalized as a result of SARI than those aged >= 25 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.5, P < 0.001). Among the 419 samples tested, 169 (40.3%) were positive for one or more virus. Of those samples having viruses, 36.9% had influenza A; 29.9% had adenovirus; 20.2% had influenza B; and 14.4% had parainfluenza 1, 2, or 3. Muscle/joint pain was associated with influenza A (P = 0.002), whereas headache was associated with influenza B (P = 0.019). ARIs were responsible for a substantial disease burden in Hagadera camp. C1 [Mohamed, Gedi A.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Moturi, Edna; Burton, Wagacha] UNHCR, Publ Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Otieno, Samora; Kabugi, Willy] Int Rescue Comm, Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ahmed, Jamal A.; Marano, Nina] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Refugee Hlth Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mohamed, Abdinoor; Musa, Hashim] Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Refugee Hlth Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Fields, Barry] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Syst Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Montgomery, Joel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Hlth Protect, Nairobi, Kenya. [Cookson, Susan T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, ERRB, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Mohamed, GA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM gediim@gmail.com; dijcaxmad@gmail.com; nbm8@cdc.gov; cabeynuurdr@gmail.com; uwx2@cdc.gov; burtonj@unhcr.org; samora.otieno@rescue.org; bsf2@cdc.gov; ztq9@cdc.org; kabugi@rescue.org; hashimgab@yahoo.com; sgc0@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1371 EP 1376 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0141 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CY6TD UT WOS:000366540800041 PM 26458776 ER PT J AU Dietz, PM Jambai, A Paweska, JT Yoti, Z Ksaizek, TG AF Dietz, Patricia M. Jambai, Amara Paweska, Janusz T. Yoti, Zabulon Ksaizek, Thomas G. TI Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Ebola Virus Disease in Sierra Leone-23 May 2014 to 31 January 2015 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ebola; epidemiology; Sierra Leone; surveillance; Filoviridae ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; OUTBREAK; UGANDA AB Background. Sierra Leone has the most cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) ever reported. Trends in laboratory-confirmed EVD, symptom presentation, and risk factors have not been fully described. Methods. EVD cases occurring from 23 May 2014 to 31 January 2015 are presented by geography, demographics, and risk factors for all persons who had laboratory-confirmed EVD, which was identified by Ebola virus-specific reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-based testing. Results. During the study period, 8056 persons had laboratory-confirmed EVD. Their median age was 28 years; 51.7% were female. Common symptoms included fever (90.4%), fatigue (88.3%), loss of appetite (87.0%), headache (77.9%), joint pain (73.7%), vomiting (71.2%), and diarrhea (70.6%). Among persons with confirmed cases, 47.9% reported having had contact with someone with suspected EVD or any sick person, and 25.5% reported having attended a funeral, of whom 66.2% reported touching the body. The incidence of EVD was highest during 1-30 November 2014, at 7.5 per 100 000 population per week, and decreased to 2.1 per week during 1-31 January 2015. Between 23 May and 30 August 2014, two districts had the highest incidence of 3.8 and 7.0 per 100 000 population per week which decreased >97% by 1-31 January 2015. In comparison, the districts that include the capital city reported a 10-fold increase in incidence per week during the same time periods. Conclusions. Almost half of patients with EVD in Sierra Leone reported physical contact with a person ill with EVD or a dead body, highlighting prevention opportunities. C1 [Dietz, Patricia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ebola Response Grp, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jambai, Amara] Sierra Leone Minist Hlth & Sanitat, Ebola Response Grp, Freetown, England. [Paweska, Janusz T.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Sandringham Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. [Yoti, Zabulon] WHO, Ebola Response Grp, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Ksaizek, Thomas G.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Dietz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-59,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PAD8@cdc.gov FU government of Sierra Leone; government of United States; government of South Africa; government of United Kingdom FX The Ebola response in Sierra Leone, and salary support for the authors was funded by multiple organizations, including but not limited to the governments of Sierra Leone, the United States, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 61 IS 11 BP 1648 EP 1654 DI 10.1093/cid/civ568 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CY5RF UT WOS:000366464200003 PM 26179011 ER PT J AU Seo, Y Burns, K Fennell, C Kim, JH Gunstad, J Glickman, E McDaniel, J AF Seo, Yongsuk Burns, Keith Fennell, Curtis Kim, Jung-Hyun Gunstad, John Glickman, Ellen McDaniel, John TI The Influence of Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Normobaric Hypoxia SO HIGH ALTITUDE MEDICINE & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exercise; hypoxia; Go; No-Go task; Running Memory Continuous Performance Task ID ACUTE AEROBIC EXERCISE; CHOICE-REACTION TIME; MILD ACUTE HYPOXIA; WORKING-MEMORY; PROLONGED EXERCISE; PHYSICAL-EXERCISE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; BLOOD LACTATE; HIGH-ALTITUDE; ACUTE BOUTS AB Seo, Yongsuk, Keith Burns, Curtis Fennell, Jung-Hyun Kim, John Gunstad, Ellen Glickman, and John McDaniel.(.)The influence of exercise on cognitive performance in normobaric hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol 16:298-305, 2015.Although previous reports indicate that exercise improves cognitive function in normoxia, the influence of exercise on cognitive function in hypoxia is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if the impaired cognitive function in hypoxia can be restored by low to moderate intensity exercise. Sixteen young healthy men completed the ANAM versions of the Go/No-Go task (GNT) and Running Memory Continuous Performance Task (RMCPT) in normoxia to serve as baseline (B-Norm) (21% O-2). Following 60 minutes of exposure to normobaric hypoxia (B-Hypo) (12.5% O-2), these tests were repeated at rest and during cycling exercise at 40% and 60% of adjusted Vo(2max). At B-Hypo, the % correct (p0.001) and throughput score (p0.001) in RMCPT were significantly impaired compared to B-Norm. During exercise at 40% (p=0.023) and 60% (p=0.006) of adjusted Vo(2max), the throughput score in RMCPT improved compared to B-Hypo, and there was no significant difference in throughput score between the two exercise intensities. Mean reaction time also improved at both exercise intensities compared to B-Hypo (p0.028). Both peripheral oxygen saturation (Spo(2)) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSo(2)) significantly decreased during B-Hypo (p0.001) and further decreased at 40% (p0.05) and 60% (p0.039) exercise. There was no significant difference in Spo(2) or rSo(2) between two exercise intensities. These data indicate that low to moderate exercise (i.e., 40%-60% adjusted Vo(2max)) may attenuate the risk of impaired cognitive function that occurs in hypoxic conditions. C1 [Seo, Yongsuk; Burns, Keith; Fennell, Curtis; Gunstad, John; Glickman, Ellen; McDaniel, John] Kent State Univ, Dept Exercise Physiol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Kim, Jung-Hyun] NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [McDaniel, John] Louis Stokes Cleveland Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Seo, Y (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Exercise Physiol, Gym Annex 167, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM yseo@kent.edu NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1527-0297 EI 1557-8682 J9 HIGH ALT MED BIOL JI High Alt. Med. Biol. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1089/ham.2015.0027 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA CY8XX UT WOS:000366693100019 PM 26214045 ER PT J AU Schuchat, A AF Schuchat, Anne TI Pneumococcal Prevention Gets Older and Wiser SO JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLYSACCHARIDE CONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; PNEUMONIA; ADULTS; RECOMMENDATIONS C1 [Schuchat, Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mailstop A-27, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aschuchat@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-6106 EI 2168-6114 J9 JAMA INTERN MED JI JAMA Intern. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 175 IS 12 BP 1897 EP 1898 DI 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.6133 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CY3TE UT WOS:000366332000003 PM 26502379 ER PT J AU White, RG Hakim, AJ Salganik, MJ Spiller, MW Johnston, LG Kerr, L Kendall, C Drake, A Wilson, D Orroth, K Egger, M Hladik, W AF White, Richard G. Hakim, Avi J. Salganik, Matthew J. Spiller, Michael W. Johnston, Lisa G. Kerr, Ligia Kendall, Carl Drake, Amy Wilson, David Orroth, Kate Egger, Matthias Hladik, Wolfgang TI Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology for respondent-driven sampling studies: "STROBE-RDS" statement SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Practice guidelines as topic; Research design; Epidemiologic research design; Humans; Cross-sectional studies; Guidelines as topic/standards; Epidemiologic studies; Observation/methods; Biomedical research/methods; Guidelines as topic; Observation/methods; Publishing/standards ID HIDDEN POPULATIONS; DIFFERENTIAL RECRUITMENT; HIV; VARIANCE; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; WOMEN AB Objectives: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a new data collection methodology used to estimate characteristics of hard-to-reach groups, such as the HIV prevalence in drug users. Many national public health systems and international organizations rely on RDS data. However, RDS reporting quality and available reporting guidelines are inadequate. We carried out a systematic review of RDS studies and present Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology for RDS Studies (STROBE-RDS), a checklist of essential items to present in RDS publications, justified by an explanation and elaboration document. Study Design and Setting: We searched the MEDLINE (1970-2013), EMBASE (1974-2013), and Global Health (1910-2013) databases to assess the number and geographical distribution of published RDS studies. STROBE-RDS was developed based on STROBE guidelines, following Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines. Results: RDS has been used in over 460 studies from 69 countries, including the USA (151 studies), China (70), and India (32). STROBE-RDS includes modifications to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The two key areas that required modification concerned the selection of participants and statistical analysis of the sample. Conclusion: STROBE-RDS seeks to enhance the transparency and utility of research using RDS. If widely adopted, STROBE-RDS should improve global infectious diseases public health decision making. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [White, Richard G.; Orroth, Kate] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Hakim, Avi J.; Spiller, Michael W.; Drake, Amy; Hladik, Wolfgang] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Salganik, Matthew J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Sociol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Salganik, Matthew J.] Princeton Univ, Off Populat Res, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Johnston, Lisa G.; Kendall, Carl] Tulane Univ, Dept Global Community Hlth & Behav Sci, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Johnston, Lisa G.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Kerr, Ligia] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Saude Comunitaria, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Wilson, David] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Egger, Matthias] Univ Bern, ISPM, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP White, RG (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM richard.white@lshtm.ac.uk RI White, Richard/D-5407-2009; OI White, Richard/0000-0003-4410-6635; Spiller, Michael/0000-0002-7950-6199 FU Medical Research Council (UK) [G0802414, MR/J005088/1]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [19790.01]; TB Modeling and Analysis Consortium [21675, OPP1084276]; US National Institutes of Health [R01-HD062366, R24-HD047879]; National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Cancer Institute) [5U01AI069924-06]; Swiss National Science Foundation [33CS30_148415, 320030_138490, 33CS30_148522, PDAMP3_137192, 406740_139333, PDFMP3_137106]; Cancer Research Switzerland; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) FX R.G.W. is funded by the Medical Research Council (UK) (Methodology Research Fellowship: G0802414 and grant MR/J005088/1) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Consortium to Respond Effectively to the AIDS/TB Epidemic: 19790.01, and the TB Modeling and Analysis Consortium: 21675 and OPP1084276). M.J.S. is supported by the US National Institutes of Health (R01-HD062366, R24-HD047879). M.E. is supported by the National Institutes of Health Grant 5U01AI069924-06 (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Cancer Institute), the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 33CS30_148415, 320030_138490, 33CS30_148522, PDAMP3_137192, 406740_139333, PDFMP3_137106) and Cancer Research Switzerland. L.K. is funded by The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). The funders had no involvement in the design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data, in writing the report, or in the decision to submit. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. All other authors have no financial interests to declare. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0895-4356 EI 1878-5921 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 68 IS 12 BP 1463 EP 1471 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.04.002 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY6TR UT WOS:000366542200011 PM 26112433 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Zengel, J Sun, MH Sleeman, K Timani, KA Aligo, J Rota, P Wu, JG He, B AF Yang, Yang Zengel, James Sun, Minghao Sleeman, Katrina Timani, Khalid Amine Aligo, Jason Rota, Paul Wu, Jianguo He, Biao TI Regulation of Viral RNA Synthesis by the V Protein of Parainfluenza Virus 5 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; CELLULAR GLYCOLYTIC ENZYME; CYSTEINE-RICH DOMAIN; L-POLYMERASE PROTEIN; PARAMYXOVIRUS SV5 V; SENDAI-VIRUS; C-PROTEIN; MINIGENOME REPLICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Paramyxoviruses include many important animal and human pathogens. The genome of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), a prototypical paramyxovirus, encodes a V protein that inhibits viral RNA synthesis. In this work, the mechanism of inhibition was investigated. Using mutational analysis and a minigenome system, we identified regions in the N and C termini of the V protein that inhibit viral RNA synthesis: one at the very N terminus of V and the second at the C terminus of V. Furthermore, we determined that residues L16 and I17 are critical for the inhibitory function of the N-terminal region of the V protein. Both regions interact with the nucleocapsid protein (NP), an essential component of the viral RNA genome complex (RNP). Mutations at L16 and I17 abolished the interaction between NP and the N-terminal domain of V. This suggests that the interaction between NP and the N-terminal domain plays a critical role in V inhibition of viral RNA synthesis by the N-terminal domain. Both the N- and C-terminal regions inhibited viral RNA replication. The C terminus inhibited viral RNA transcription, while the N-terminal domain enhanced viral RNA transcription, suggesting that the two domains affect viral RNA through different mechanisms. Interestingly, V also inhibited the synthesis of the RNA of other paramyxoviruses, such as Nipah virus (NiV), human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3), measles virus (MeV), mumps virus (MuV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This suggests that a common host factor may be involved in the replication of these paramyxoviruses. IMPORTANCE We identified two regions of the V protein that interact with NP and determined that one of these regions enhances viral RNA transcription via its interaction with NP. Our data suggest that a common host factor may be involved in the regulation of paramyxovirus replication and could be a target for broad antiviral drug development. Understanding the regulation of paramyxovirus replication will enable the rational design of vaccines and potential antiviral drugs. C1 [Yang, Yang; Wu, Jianguo] Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Virol, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Yang, Yang; Zengel, James; He, Biao] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA USA. [Sun, Minghao; He, Biao] Penn State Univ, Grad Program Pathobiol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sleeman, Katrina; Rota, Paul] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Timani, Khalid Amine; He, Biao] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Aligo, Jason] Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Genet, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Wu, JG (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Virol, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM jwu@whu.edu.cn; bhe@uag.edu FU NIAID [AI-051372]; Fred C. Davison Distinguished University Chair in Veterinary Medicine FX The work was supported by a grant from NIAID (AI-051372) and an endowment from The Fred C. Davison Distinguished University Chair in Veterinary Medicine to B.H. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 89 IS 23 BP 11845 EP 11857 DI 10.1128/JVI.01832-15 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA CZ1WM UT WOS:000366896600010 PM 26378167 ER PT J AU Medaglia, MLG Moussatche, N Nitsche, A Dabrowski, PW Li, Y Damon, IK Lucas, CGO Arruda, LB Damaso, CR AF Medaglia, Maria Luiza G. Moussatche, Nissin Nitsche, Andreas Dabrowski, Pjotr Wojtek Li, Yu Damon, Inger K. Lucas, Carolina G. O. Arruda, Luciana B. Damaso, Clarissa R. TI Genomic Analysis, Phenotype, and Virulence of the Historical Brazilian Smallpox Vaccine Strain IOC: Implications for the Origins and Evolutionary Relationships of Vaccinia Virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEMENT-CONTROL PROTEIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CANTAGALO VIRUS; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; CELL RESPONSES; INFECTED-CELLS; MOUSE MODEL; T-CELL; POXVIRUS; DRYVAX AB Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980 after an intensive vaccination program using different strains of vaccinia virus (VACV; Poxviridae). VACV strain IOC (VACV-IOC) was the seed strain of the smallpox vaccine manufactured by the major vaccine producer in Brazil during the smallpox eradication program. However, little is known about the biological and immunological features as well as the phylogenetic relationships of this first-generation vaccine. In this work, we present a comprehensive characterization of two clones of VACV-IOC. Both clones had low virulence in infected mice and induced a protective immune response against a lethal infection comparable to the response of the licensed vaccine ACAM2000 and the parental strain VACV-IOC. Full-genome sequencing revealed the presence of several fragmented virulence genes that probably are nonfunctional, e.g., F1L, B13R, C10L, K3L, and C3L. Most notably, phylogenetic inference supported by the structural analysis of the genome ends provides evidence of a novel, independent cluster in VACV phylogeny formed by VACV-IOC, the Brazilian field strains Cantagalo (CTGV) and Serro 2 viruses, and horsepox virus, a VACV-like virus supposedly related to an ancestor of the VACV lineage. Our data strongly support the hypothesis that CTGV-like viruses represent feral VACV that evolved in parallel with VACV-IOC after splitting from a most recent common ancestor, probably an ancient smallpox vaccine strain related to horsepox virus. Our data, together with an interesting historical investigation, revisit the origins of VACV and propose new evolutionary relationships between ancient and extant VACV strains, mainly horsepox virus, VACV-IOC/CTGV-like viruses, and Dryvax strain. IMPORTANCE First-generation vaccines used to eradicate smallpox had rates of adverse effects that are not acceptable by current health care standards. Moreover, these vaccines are genetically heterogeneous and consist of a pool of quasispecies of VACV. Therefore, the search for new-generation smallpox vaccines that combine low pathogenicity, immune protection, and genetic homogeneity is extremely important. In addition, the phylogenetic relationships and origins of VACV strains are quite nebulous. We show the characterization of two clones of VACV-IOC, a unique smallpox vaccine strain that contributed to smallpox eradication in Brazil. The immunogenicity and reduced virulence make the IOC clones good options for alternative second-generation smallpox vaccines. More importantly, this study reveals the phylogenetic relationship between VACV-IOC, feral VACV established in nature, and the ancestor-like horsepox virus. Our data expand the discussion on the origins and evolutionary connections of VACV lineages. C1 [Medaglia, Maria Luiza G.; Damaso, Clarissa R.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, Lab Biol Mol Virus, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Moussatche, Nissin] Univ Florida, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Nitsche, Andreas; Dabrowski, Pjotr Wojtek] Robert Koch Inst, Ctr Biol Threats & Special Pathogens, Berlin, Germany. [Li, Yu; Damon, Inger K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lucas, Carolina G. O.; Arruda, Luciana B.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol Paulo de Goes, Dept Virol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Damaso, CR (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, Lab Biol Mol Virus, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM damasoc@biof.ufrj.br FU CNPq; Faperj; CAPES; Ministerio da Defesa FX This work was supported by grants from CNPq, Faperj, CAPES, and Ministerio da Defesa to C.R.D. M.L.G.M. was the recipient of a fellowship from CNPq and is the recipient of a fellowship from Faperj. C.G.O.L. is the recipient of a Faperj fellowship; C.R.D. is the recipient of a research fellowship from CNPq. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 89 IS 23 BP 11909 EP 11925 DI 10.1128/JVI.01833-15 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA CZ1WM UT WOS:000366896600015 PM 26378174 ER PT J AU Joseph, R Manosoontorn, S Petcharoen, N Sangrajrang, S Senkomago, V Saraiya, M AF Joseph, Rachael Manosoontorn, Supawan Petcharoen, Nawarat Sangrajrang, Suleeporn Senkomago, Virginia Saraiya, Mona TI Assessing Cervical Cancer Screening Coverage Using a Population-Based Behavioral Risk Factor Survey-Thailand, 2010 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Thailand. In 2005, the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) in Thailand initiated a phased national cervical cancer screening program. To monitor progress toward national screening targets80% of women 30-60 years of age screened for cervical cancer once in the previous 5 years by 2013the MoPH used the 2010 Thai Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to assess cervical cancer screening coverage. Results from the survey showed that 67.4% of women aged 30-60 years had been screened for cervical cancer in the past 5 years with varying screening coverage by region, residence, education, and marital status. Although the national cervical cancer screening program in Thailand appears to be close to reaching its national targets, the causes of lower coverage in some subpopulations need to be identified so that targeted interventions can be developed to increase coverage in these groups. C1 [Joseph, Rachael; Senkomago, Virginia; Saraiya, Mona] CDC, Div Canc Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Manosoontorn, Supawan; Petcharoen, Nawarat; Sangrajrang, Suleeporn] Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Joseph, R (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rjoseph@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 EI 1931-843X J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 24 IS 12 BP 966 EP 968 DI 10.1089/jwh.2015.5624 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA CY5LB UT WOS:000366448000003 PM 26653868 ER PT J AU Aliabadi, N Carballo-Dieguez, A Bakken, S Rojas, M Brown, W Carry, M Mosley, JP Gelaude, D Schnall, R AF Aliabadi, Negar Carballo-Dieguez, Alex Bakken, Suzanne Rojas, Marlene Brown, William, III Carry, Monique Mosley, Jocelyn Patterson Gelaude, Deborah Schnall, Rebecca TI USING THE INFORMATION-MOTIVATION-BEHAVIORAL SKILLS MODEL TO GUIDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN HIV PREVENTION SMARTPHONE APPLICATION FOR HIGH-RISK MSM SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID DECISION-MAKING; MEN; SEX; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION AB HIV remains a significant public health problem among men who have sex with men (MSM). MSM comprise 2% of the U.S. population, but constitute 56% of persons living with HIV. Mobile health technology is a promising tool for HIV prevention. The purpose of this study was to identify the desired content, features and functions of a mobile application (app) for HIV prevention in high-risk MSM. We conducted five focus group sessions with 33 MSM. Focus group recordings were transcribed and coded using themes informed by the information-motivation-behavioral (IMB) skills model. Participants identified information needs related to HIV prevention: HIV testing and prophylaxis distribution centers, support groups/peers, and HIV/STI disease/treatment information. Areas of motivation to target for the app included: attitudes and intentions. Participants identified behavioral skills to address with an app: using condoms correctly, negotiating safer sex, recognizing signs of HIV/STI. Findings from this work provide insight into the desired content of a mobile app for HIV prevention in high-risk MSM. C1 [Aliabadi, Negar; Carballo-Dieguez, Alex; Bakken, Suzanne; Rojas, Marlene; Brown, William, III; Schnall, Rebecca] Columbia Univ, Div Gen Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Carballo-Dieguez, Alex; Brown, William, III] New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Div Gender Sexual & Hlth, HIV Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Carry, Monique; Mosley, Jocelyn Patterson; Gelaude, Deborah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schnall, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, 617 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM Rb897@columbia.edu OI Schnall, Rebecca/0000-0003-2184-4045 FU Columbia University School of Nursing [1U01PS00371501]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [1U01PS00371501]; Columbia University Primary Care Research Fellowship in General Medicine, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) [T32HP1026000]; NLM research training fellowship [T15 LM007079]; NIMH center grant [P30 MH43520] FX This publication was supported by a cooperative agreement between the Columbia University School of Nursing and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 1U01PS00371501; PI: R Schnall). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.; Grant support for N. Aliabadi provided through a Columbia University Primary Care Research Fellowship in General Medicine, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA; T32HP1026000). William Brown III is supported by NLM research training fellowship T15 LM007079 and NIMH center grant P30 MH43520. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 370 SEVENTH AVE, SUITE 1200, NEW YORK, NY 10001-1020 USA SN 0899-9546 EI 1943-2755 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 27 IS 6 BP 522 EP 537 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY0CM UT WOS:000366073900003 PM 26595265 ER PT J AU Rebeiro, PF Althoff, KN Lau, B Gill, J Abraham, AG Horberg, MA Kitahata, MM Yehia, BR Samji, H Brooks, JT Buchacz, K Napravnik, S Silverberg, MJ Rachlis, A Gebo, KA Sterling, TR Moore, RD Gange, SJ AF Rebeiro, Peter F. Althoff, Keri N. Lau, Bryan Gill, John Abraham, Alison G. Horberg, Michael A. Kitahata, Mari M. Yehia, Baligh R. Samji, Hasina Brooks, John T. Buchacz, Kate Napravnik, Sonia Silverberg, Michael J. Rachlis, Anita Gebo, Kelly A. Sterling, Timothy R. Moore, Richard D. Gange, Stephen J. CA North American AIDS Cohort Collabo TI Laboratory Measures as Proxies for Primary Care Encounters: Implications for Quantifying Clinical Retention Among HIV-Infected Adults in North America SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clinical encounters; clinical retention; HIV; laboratory measurements; measurement error; misclassification; proxies ID SUPPRESSION; PREVENTION; COUNTS; COHORT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ENGAGEMENT; OUTCOMES; MODELS AB Because of limitations in the availability of data on primary care encounters, patient retention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care is often estimated using laboratory measurement dates as proxies for clinical encounters, leading to possible outcome misclassification. This study included 83,041 HIV-infected adults from 14 clinical cohorts in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) who had >= 1 HIV primary care encounters during 2000-2010, contributing 468,816 person-years of follow-up. Encounter-based retention (R-EB) was defined as >= 2 encounters in a calendar year, >= 90 days apart. Laboratory-based retention (R-LB) was defined similarly, using the dates of CD4-positive cell counts or HIV-1 RNA measurements. Percentage of agreement and the. statistic were used to characterize agreement between R-LB and R-EB. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations and stabilized inverse-probability-of-selection weights was used to elucidate temporal trends and the discriminatory power of R-LB as a predictor of R-EB, accounting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, primary HIV risk factor, and cohort site as potential confounders. Both R-EB and R-LB increased from 2000 to 2010 (from 67% to 78% and from 65% to 77%, respectively), though R-EB was higher than R-LB throughout (P < 0.01). R-LB agreed well with R-EB (80%-86% agreement; kappa = 0.55-0.62, P < 0.01) and had a strong, imperfect ability to discriminate between persons retained and not retained in care by R-EB (C statistic: C = 0.81, P < 0.05). As a proxy for R-EB, R-LB had a sensitivity and specificity of 84% and 77%, respectively, with misclassification error of 18%. C1 [Rebeiro, Peter F.; Sterling, Timothy R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Althoff, Keri N.; Lau, Bryan; Abraham, Alison G.; Gebo, Kelly A.; Moore, Richard D.; Gange, Stephen J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gill, John] Univ Calgary, Dept Med, Cumming Sch Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Horberg, Michael A.] Kaiser Permanente Midatlantic States, Midatlantic Permanente Res Inst, Rockville, MD USA. [Kitahata, Mari M.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Allergy & Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yehia, Baligh R.] Univ Penn, Dept Med, Perelman Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Samji, Hasina] British Columbia Ctr Excellence HIV AIDS, Epidemiol & Populat Hlth Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Brooks, John T.; Buchacz, Kate] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Napravnik, Sonia] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Silverberg, Michael J.] Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Kaiser Permanente Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Rachlis, Anita] Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Fac Med, Div Infect Dis, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Rebeiro, PF (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 1161 21st Ave South,A-2200 Med Ctr North, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM p.rebeiro@vanderbilt.edu RI Gill, John/G-7083-2016; OI Gill, John/0000-0002-8546-8790; Rebeiro, Peter/0000-0003-1951-9104 FU National Institutes of Health [U01-AI069918, U01-AA013566, U24-AA020794, U01-AA020790, U01-AI31834, U01-AI34989, U01-AI34993]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services [CDC200-2006-18797]; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, US Department of Health and Human Services [90047713]; Health Resources and Services Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services [90051652]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research [TGF-96118, HCP-97105, CBR-86906, CBR-94036]; Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care; Government of Alberta, Canada; US Department of Health and Human Services; [U01-AI34994]; [U01-AI35004]; [U01-AI35039]; [U01-AI35040]; [U01-AI35041]; [U01-AI35042]; [U01-AI35043]; [U01-AI37613]; [U01-AI37984]; [U01-AI38855]; [U01-AI38858]; [U01-AI42590]; [U01-AI68634]; [U01-AI68636]; [U01-AI69432]; [U01-AI69434]; [K01-AI071754]; [K01-AI093197]; [K23-MH097647]; [K23 EY013707]; [K24-DA00432]; [MO1-RR-00052]; [N02-CP55504]; [U01-HD32632]; [U10-EY08057]; [U10-EY08052]; [U10-EY08067]; [UL1-RR024131]; [UL1-TR000083]; [U54-MD007587]; [F31-DA035713]; [G12-MD007583] FX This work was supported by grants U01-AI069918, U01-AA013566, U24-AA020794, U01-AA020790, U01-AI31834, U01-AI34989, U01-AI34993, U01-AI34994, U01-AI35004, U01-AI35039, U01-AI35040, U01-AI35041, U01-AI35042, U01-AI35043, U01-AI37613, U01-AI37984, U01-AI38855, U01-AI38858, U01-AI42590, U01-AI68634, U01-AI68636, U01-AI69432, U01-AI69434, U01-HD32632, U10-EY08057, U10-EY08052, U10-EY08067, UL1-RR024131, UL1-TR000083, U54-MD007587, F31-DA035713, G12-MD007583, K01-AI071754, K01-AI093197, K23-MH097647, K23 EY013707, K24-DA00432, MO1-RR-00052, N02-CP55504, P30-AI027763, P30-AI094189, P30-AI27757, P30-AI27767, P30-AI50410, P30-AI54999, P30-AI036219, P30-MH62246, R01-CA165937, R01-AA16893, R01-DA11602, R01-DA04334, R01-DA12568, R24-AI067039, R56-AI102622, Z01-CP010214, and Z01-CP010176 from the National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services; contract CDC200-2006-18797 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services; contract 90047713 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, US Department of Health and Human Services; contract 90051652 from the Health Resources and Services Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services; grants TGF-96118, HCP-97105, CBR-86906, and CBR-94036 from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care; and the Government of Alberta, Canada. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 182 IS 11 BP 952 EP 960 DI 10.1093/aje/kwv181 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY4IL UT WOS:000366371700009 PM 26578717 ER PT J AU Winthrop, KL Novosad, SA Baddley, JW Calabrese, L Chiller, T Polgreen, P Bartalesi, F Lipman, M Mariette, X Lortholary, O Weinblatt, ME Saag, M Smolen, J AF Winthrop, K. L. Novosad, S. A. Baddley, J. W. Calabrese, L. Chiller, T. Polgreen, P. Bartalesi, F. Lipman, M. Mariette, X. Lortholary, O. Weinblatt, M. E. Saag, M. Smolen, J. TI Opportunistic infections and biologic therapies in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: consensus recommendations for infection reporting during clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance SO ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ANTITUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS PATIENTS; PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA PNEUMONIA; LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS; ALPHA ANTAGONIST THERAPY; ANTI-TNF-ALPHA; HERPES-ZOSTER; RISK-FACTORS AB No consensus has previously been formed regarding the types and presentations of infectious pathogens to be considered as 'opportunistic infections' (OIs) within the setting of biologic therapy. We systematically reviewed published literature reporting OIs in the setting of biologic therapy for inflammatory diseases. The review sought to describe the OI definitions used within these studies and the types of OIs reported. These findings informed a consensus committee (infectious diseases and rheumatology specialists) in deliberations regarding the development of a candidate list of infections that should be considered as OIs in the setting of biologic therapy. We reviewed 368 clinical trials (randomised controlled/long-term extension), 195 observational studies and numerous case reports/series. Only 11 observational studies defined OIs within their methods; no consistent OI definition was identified across studies. Across all study formats, the most numerous OIs reported were granulomatous infections. The consensus group developed a working definition for OIs as 'indicator' infections, defined as specific pathogens or presentations of pathogens that 'indicate' the likelihood of an alteration in host immunity in the setting of biologic therapy. Using this framework, consensus was reached upon a list of OIs and case-definitions for their reporting during clinical trials and other studies. Prior studies of OIs in the setting of biologic therapy have used inconsistent definitions. The consensus committee reached agreement upon an OI definition, developed case definitions for reporting of each pathogen, and recommended these be used in future studies to facilitate comparison of infection risk between biologic therapies. C1 [Winthrop, K. L.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Infect Dis, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Novosad, S. A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Baddley, J. W.; Saag, M.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL USA. [Calabrese, L.] Cleveland Clin, Dept Rheumatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Chiller, T.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Polgreen, P.] Univ Iowa, Div Infect Dis, Iowa City, IA USA. [Bartalesi, F.] Careggi Univ Hosp, Infect & Trop Dis Unit, Florence, Italy. [Lipman, M.] Royal Free London NHS Fdn Trust, Div Med, London, England. [Lipman, M.] UCL, London, England. [Mariette, X.] Univ Paris 11, Hop Univ Paris Sud, INSERM, Dept Rheumatol,U1184, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. [Lortholary, O.] Univ Paris 05, Ctr Infectiol Necker Pasteur, IHU Imagine, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Paris, France. [Lortholary, O.] Univ Paris 05, Inst Pasteur, Ctr Natl Reference Mycoses Invas & Antifong, CNRS,URA3012, Paris, France. [Weinblatt, M. E.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Smolen, J.] Med Univ Vienna, Dept Med 3, Div Rheumatol, Vienna, Austria. RP Winthrop, KL (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Infect Dis, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM Winthrop@ohsu.edu FU UCB; National Institutes of Health [2T32HL083808-06] FX The consensus process was funded with an unrestricted grant from UCB. SAN was supported by the National Institutes of Health under the training grant 2T32HL083808-06. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-4967 EI 1468-2060 J9 ANN RHEUM DIS JI Ann. Rheum. Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 74 IS 12 BP 2107 EP 2116 DI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207841 PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA CX6YA UT WOS:000365846400010 PM 26395500 ER PT J AU Rostron, BL Chang, CM van Bemmel, DM Xia, Y Blount, BC AF Rostron, Brian L. Chang, Cindy M. van Bemmel, Dana M. Xia, Yang Blount, Benjamin C. TI Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure among US Smokeless Tobacco Users: Results from 1999 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; UNITED-STATES; CIGARETTE SMOKERS; CARCINOGEN; PRODUCTS; BIOMARKERS; NITROSAMINES; SURVEILLANCE; ELIMINATION; POPULATION AB Background: It has been suggested that smokeless tobacco users have high nicotine and toxicant exposure, but studies with nationally representative data have been limited. Methods: We analyzed biomarkers of tobacco exposure for 23,684 adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2012. The biomarkers analyzed were serum cotinine, urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), blood lead, blood cadmium, blood mercury, urinary arsenic, and urinary N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine. We calculated geometric mean concentrations for each biomarker by tobacco use category and geometric mean ratios adjusting for demographic factors. Results: Exclusive smokeless tobacco users had higher geometric mean concentrations of serum cotinine [178.9 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval (CI), 145.5-220.0] and NNAL (583.0 pg/mg creatinine, 95% CI, 445.2-763.5) than exclusive cigarette smokers (130.6 ng/mL, 95% CI, 122.3-139.6 and 217.6 pg/mg creatinine, 95% CI, 193.0-245.2, respectively). Smokeless tobacco users also had higher concentrations of blood lead compared with nontobacco users (adjusted geometric mean ratio = 1.30, 95% CI, 1.21-1.38). Based on limited sample sizes, NNAL concentrations for smokeless tobacco users appear to have declined from 2007 to 2008 (geometric mean = 1013.7 pg/mg creatinine, 95% CI, 738.9-1390.8) to 2011 to 2012 (geometric mean = 325.7 pg/mg creatinine, 95% CI, 159.6-664.9). Conclusions: Exclusive smokeless tobacco users have higher observed levels of exposure to nicotine and carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines, as measured by cotinine and NNAL biomarker concentrations, than exclusive cigarette smokers. These patterns in NNAL levels for smokeless tobacco users may be changing over time. Impact: High exposure to harmful constituents among smokeless tobacco users is a continuing health issue. (C)2015 AACR. C1 [Rostron, Brian L.; Chang, Cindy M.; van Bemmel, Dana M.] US FDA, Off Sci, Ctr Tobacco Prod, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Xia, Yang; Blount, Benjamin C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tobacco & Volatiles Branch, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rostron, BL (reprint author), US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave,Bldg 75,Room 4404, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM brian.rostron@fda.hhs.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R13 ES017566] NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 EI 1538-7755 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1829 EP 1837 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0376 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CY0XB UT WOS:000366129100003 PM 26582044 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Wang, YS Vidal, M Botelho, JC Caudill, SP AF Vesper, Hubert W. Wang, Yuesong Vidal, Meghan Botelho, Julianne Cook Caudill, Samuel P. TI Serum Total Testosterone Concentrations in the US Household Population from the NHANES 2011-2012 Study Population SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE; SEX-HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; ENDOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; REFERENCE RANGES; WHITE MEN; WOMEN; SMOKING; DISEASE; TRENDS AB BACKGROUND: Limited information is available about testosterone concentrations representative of the general US population, especially children, women, and non-Hispanic Asians. METHODS: We obtained nationally representative data for total testosterone (totalT), measured with standardized LC-MS/MS, for the US population age 6 years and older from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We analyzed 6746 serum samples and calculated the geometric means, distribution percentiles, and covariate-adjusted geometric means by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS: The 10th-90th percentiles of totalT values in adults (>= 20 years) was 150-698 ng/dL (5.20-24.2 nmol/L) in men, 7.1-49.8 ng/dL (0.25-1.73 nmol/L) in women, and 1.0-9.5 ng/dL (0.04-0.33 nmol/L) in children (6-10 years old). Differences among race/ethnic groups existed in children and men: covariate-adjusted totalT values in non-Hispanic Asians were highest among children (58% compared to non-Hispanic black children) and lowest among men (12% compared to Mexican-American men). Covariate-adjusted totalT values in men were higher at age 55-60 years compared to ages 35 and 80 years, a pattern different from that observed in previous NHANES cycles. CONCLUSIONS: TotalT patterns were different among age groups in men compared with previous NHANES cycles. Covariate-adjusted totalT values peaked at age 55-60 years in men, which appeared to be consistent with the increased use of exogenous testosterone. Differences among race/ethnic groups existed and appeared more pronounced in children than adults. (C) 2015 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 [Vesper, Hubert W.; Wang, Yuesong; Vidal, Meghan; Botelho, Julianne Cook; Caudill, Samuel P.] CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), CDC, Div Sci Lab, Clin Chem Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hvesper@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 EI 1530-8561 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1495 EP 1504 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2015.245969 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA CY0BT UT WOS:000366071900013 PM 26510959 ER PT J AU Chou, CF Bullard, KM Saaddine, JB Devlin, HM Crews, J Imperatore, G McDivitt, J Albright, A AF Chou, Chiu-Fang Bullard, Kai McKeever Saaddine, Jinan B. Devlin, Heather M. Crews, John Imperatore, Giuseppina McDivitt, Judith Albright, Ann TI Utilization of E-Health Services Among US Adults With Diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Letter C1 [Chou, Chiu-Fang; Bullard, Kai McKeever; Saaddine, Jinan B.; Devlin, Heather M.; Crews, John; Imperatore, Giuseppina; McDivitt, Judith; Albright, Ann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Chou, CF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM cchou@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 EI 1935-5548 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2015 VL 38 IS 12 BP E200 EP E201 DI 10.2337/dc15-1162 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CY0TK UT WOS:000366118800002 PM 26459276 ER PT J AU Worby, CJ Chaves, SS Wallinga, J Lipsitch, M Finelli, L Goldstein, E AF Worby, Colin J. Chaves, Sandra S. Wallinga, Jacco Lipsitch, Marc Finelli, Lyn Goldstein, Edward TI On the relative role of different age groups in influenza epidemics SO EPIDEMICS LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Epidemics; Relative risk; Age groups; Vaccination ID UNITED-STATES; VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; SOCIAL CONTACTS; TRANSMISSION; SPREAD; SCHOOLCHILDREN; PATTERNS; CHILDREN AB The identification of key "driver" groups in influenza epidemics is of much interest for the implementation of effective public health response strategies, including vaccination programs. However, the relative importance of different age groups in propagating epidemics is uncertain. During a communicable disease outbreak, some groups may be disproportionately represented during the outbreak's ascent due to increased susceptibility and/or contact rates. Such groups or subpopulations can be identified by considering the proportion of cases within the subpopulation occurring before (Bp) and after the epidemic peak (Ap) to calculate the subpopulation's relative risk, RR=Bp/Ap. We estimated RR for several subpopulations (age groups) using data on laboratory-confirmed US influenza hospitalizations during epidemics between 2009 and 2014. Additionally, we simulated various influenza outbreaks in an age-stratified population, relating the RR to the impact of vaccination in each subpopulation on the epidemic's initial effective reproductive number Re(0). We found that children aged 5-17 had the highest estimates of RR during the five largest influenza A outbreaks, though the relative magnitude of RR in this age group compared to other age groups varied, being highest for the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic. For the 2010-2011 and 2012-2013 influenza B epidemics, adults aged 18-49, and 0-4 year-olds had the highest estimates of RR, respectively. For 83% of simulated epidemics, the group with the highest RR was also the group for which initial distribution of a given quantity of vaccine would result in the largest reduction of Re(0). In the largest 40% of simulated outbreaks, the group with the highest RR and the largest vaccination impact was children 5-17. While the relative importance of different age groups in propagating influenza outbreaks varies, children aged 5-17 play the leading role during the largest influenza A epidemics. Extra vaccination efforts for this group may contribute to reducing the epidemic's impact in the whole community. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Worby, Colin J.; Lipsitch, Marc; Goldstein, Edward] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Communicable Dis Dynam, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chaves, Sandra S.; Finelli, Lyn] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wallinga, Jacco] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, NL-3721 MA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Lipsitch, Marc] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Worby, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Communicable Dis Dynam, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM cworby@hsph.harvard.edu OI Wallinga, Jacco/0000-0003-1725-5627 FU National Institute Of General Medical Sciences [U54GM088558]; US National Institutes of Health [1K01AI101010-01] FX This work was supported by Award Number U54GM088558 from the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences (ML, CJW, EG), and by the US National Institutes of Health K01 award 1K01AI101010-01 (EG). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, or US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1755-4365 J9 EPIDEMICS-NETH JI Epidemics PD DEC PY 2015 VL 13 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.epidem.2015.04.003 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CX7OF UT WOS:000365890900002 PM 26097505 ER PT J AU Taylor, AL Murphree, R Ingram, LA Garman, K Solomon, D Coffey, E Walker, D Rogers, M Marder, E Bottomley, M Woron, A Thomas, L Roberts, S Hardin, H Arjmandi, P Green, A Simmons, L Cornell, A Dunn, J AF Taylor, Amanda L. Murphree, Rendi Ingram, L. Amanda Garman, Katie Solomon, Deborah Coffey, Eric Walker, Deborah Rogers, Marsha Marder, Ellyn Bottomley, Marie Woron, Amy Thomas, Linda Roberts, Sheri Hardin, Henrietta Arjmandi, Parvin Green, Alice Simmons, Latoya Cornell, Allyson Dunn, John TI Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Associated with Mechanically Separated Chicken at a Correctional Facility SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID OUTCOMES; SEROTYPE AB We describe multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Heidelberg infections associated with mechanically separated chicken (MSC) served at a county correctional facility. Twenty-three inmates met the case definition. All reported diarrhea, 19 (83%) reported fever, 16 (70%) reported vomiting, 4 (17%) had fever 103 degrees F, and 3 (13%) were hospitalized. A case-control study found no single food item significantly associated with illness. Salmonella Heidelberg with an indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern was isolated from nine stool specimens; two isolates displayed resistance to a total of five drug classes, including the third-generation cephalosporin, ceftriaxone. MDR Salmonella Heidelberg might have contributed to the severity of illness. Salmonella Heidelberg indistinguishable from the outbreak subtype was isolated from unopened MSC. The environmental health assessment identified cross-contamination through poor food-handling practices as a possible contributing factor. Proper hand-washing techniques and safe food-handling practices were reviewed with the kitchen supervisor. C1 [Taylor, Amanda L.; Solomon, Deborah; Coffey, Eric; Walker, Deborah; Rogers, Marsha; Cornell, Allyson] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Chattanooga, TN USA. [Murphree, Rendi; Marder, Ellyn; Simmons, Latoya] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ingram, L. Amanda; Garman, Katie; Bottomley, Marie; Woron, Amy; Thomas, Linda; Roberts, Sheri; Hardin, Henrietta; Arjmandi, Parvin; Dunn, John] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Green, Alice] USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Taylor, AL (reprint author), Georgia Dept Publ Hlth, 2 Peachtree St NW,16th Flr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM ataylo47@gmail.com FU TDH; CDC Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity (ELC) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance and coordination between staff from TDH, USDA/FSIS, and CDC. We would also like to thank the MSC manufacturer for their decision to voluntarily recall the potentially contaminated product in an effort to prevent the spread of further illness. Funding for this outbreak investigation was provided by TDH. Salmonella surveillance and prevention was supported through a CDC Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity (ELC) cooperative agreement. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 12 IS 12 BP 950 EP 952 DI 10.1089/fpd.2015.2008 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA CY3SW UT WOS:000366331200004 PM 26540115 ER PT J AU Soe, MM Gould, CV Pollock, D Edwards, J AF Soe, Minn M. Gould, Carolyn V. Pollock, Daniel Edwards, Jonathan TI Targeted Assessment for Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections: A New Prioritization Metric SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB OBJECTIVE To develop a method for calculating the number of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) that must be prevented to reach a HAI reduction goal and identifying and prioritizing healthcare facilities where the largest reductions can be achieved. SETTING Acute care hospitals that report HAI data to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network. METHODS The cumulative attributable difference (CAD) is calculated by subtracting a numerical prevention target from an observed number of HAIs. The prevention target is the product of the predicted number of HAIs and a standardized infection ratio goal, which represents a HAI reduction goal. The CAD is a numeric value that if positive is the number of infections to prevent to reach the HAI reduction goal. We calculated the CAD for catheter-associated urinary tract infections for each of the 3,639 hospitals that reported such data to National Healthcare Safety Network in 2013 and ranked the hospitals by their CAD values in descending order. RESULTS Of 1,578 hospitals with positive CAD values, preventing 10,040 catheter-associated urinary tract infections at 293 hospitals (19%) with the highest CAD would enable achievement of the national 25% catheter-associated urinary tract infection reduction goal. CONCLUSION The CAD is a new metric that facilitates ranking of facilities, and locations within facilities, to prioritize HAI prevention efforts where the greatest impact can be achieved toward a HAI reduction goal. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(12):1379-1384 C1 [Soe, Minn M.; Gould, Carolyn V.; Pollock, Daniel; Edwards, Jonathan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Soe, MM (reprint author), CDC, MS A-24,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM msoe@cdc.gov FU Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC FX The NHSN surveillance system is supported by the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0899-823X EI 1559-6834 J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1379 EP 1384 DI 10.1017/ice.2015.201 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA CY0UV UT WOS:000366123000001 PM 26310913 ER PT J AU Soe, MM Gould, CV Pollock, D Edwards, J AF Soe, Minn M. Gould, Carolyn V. Pollock, Daniel Edwards, Jonathan TI Nursing Homes in States with Infection Control Training or Infection Reporting Have Reduced Infection Control Deficiency Citations Reply SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Soe, Minn M.; Gould, Carolyn V.; Pollock, Daniel; Edwards, Jonathan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Soe, MM (reprint author), CDC, MS A-24,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM msoe@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0899-823X EI 1559-6834 J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1477 EP 1478 DI 10.1017/ice.2015.232 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA CY0UV UT WOS:000366123000022 PM 26592429 ER PT J AU Zolotor, AJ Runyan, DK Shanahan, M Durrance, CP Nocera, M Sullivan, K Klevens, J Murphy, R Barr, M Barr, RG AF Zolotor, Adam J. Runyan, Desmond K. Shanahan, Meghan Durrance, Christine Piette Nocera, Maryalice Sullivan, Kelly Klevens, Joanne Murphy, Robert Barr, Marilyn Barr, Ronald G. TI Effectiveness of a Statewide Abusive Head Trauma Prevention Program in North Carolina SO JAMA PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID SHAKEN-BABY SYNDROME; IMPACT SYNDROME; PHYSICAL ABUSE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BRAIN-INJURY; INFANTS; EDUCATION; REDUCTION; ACCURACY; CODES AB IMPORTANCE Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a serious condition, with an incidence of approximately 30 cases per 100 000 person-years in the first year of life. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a statewide universal AHT prevention program. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In total, 88.29% of parents of newborns (n = 405 060) in North Carolina received the intervention (June 1, 2009, to September 30, 2012). A comparison of preintervention and postintervention was performed using nurse advice line telephone calls regarding infant crying (January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010). A difference-in-difference analysis compared AHT rates in the prevention program state with those of other states before and after the implementation of the program (January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2011). INTERVENTION The Period of PURPLE Crying intervention, developed by the National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome, was delivered by nurse-provided education, a DVD, and a booklet, with reinforcement by primary care practices and a media campaign. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Changes in proportions of telephone calls for crying concerns to a nurse advice line and in AHT rates per 100 000 infants after the intervention (June 1, 2009, to September 30, 2011) in the first year of life using hospital discharge data for January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2011. RESULTS In the 2 years after implementation of the intervention, parental telephone calls to the nurse advice line for crying declined by 20% for children younger than 3 months (rate ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87; P <.001) and by 12% for children 3 to 12 months old (rate ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-0.99; P =.03). No reduction in state-level AHT rates was observed, with mean rates of 34.01 person-years before the intervention and 36.04 person-years after the intervention. A difference-in-difference analysis from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2011, controlling for economic indicators, indicated that the intervention did not have a statistically significant effect on AHT rates (beta coefficient, -1.42; 95% CI, -13.31 to 10.45). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The Period of PURPLE Crying intervention was associated with a reduction in telephone calls to a nurse advice line. The study found no reduction in AHT rates over time in North Carolina relative to other states. Consequently, while this observational study was feasible and supported the program effectiveness in part, further programmatic efforts and evaluation are needed to demonstrate an effect on AHT rates. C1 [Zolotor, Adam J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Family Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Zolotor, Adam J.; Shanahan, Meghan; Nocera, Maryalice] Univ N Carolina, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Runyan, Desmond K.] Univ Colorado, Kempe Ctr, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO USA. [Shanahan, Meghan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Durrance, Christine Piette] Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Policy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Sullivan, Kelly; Murphy, Robert] Ctr Child & Family Hlth, Durham, NC USA. [Klevens, Joanne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Murphy, Robert] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Barr, Marilyn] Natl Ctr Shaken Baby Syndrome, Farmington, UT USA. [Barr, Ronald G.] Univ British Columbia, Child & Family Res Inst, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Barr, Ronald G.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Zolotor, AJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Family Med, Campus Box 7595, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM adam_zolotor@med.unc.edu FU National Center for Injury Prevention and Control of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [5U49CE001275-04]; Duke Endowment [153970]; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation [2007039] FX This study was supported by cooperative agreement 5U49CE001275-04 from the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, by grant 153970 from The Duke Endowment, and by grant 2007039 from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-6203 EI 2168-6211 J9 JAMA PEDIATR JI JAMA Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 169 IS 12 BP 1126 EP 1131 DI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2690 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA CY3UE UT WOS:000366334600016 PM 26501945 ER PT J AU Guo, M Buchanan, RL Dubey, JP Hill, DE Lambertini, E Ying, YQ Gamble, HR Jones, JL Pradhan, AK AF Guo, Miao Buchanan, Robert L. Dubey, Jitender P. Hill, Dolores E. Lambertini, Elisabetta Ying, Yuqing Gamble, H. Ray Jones, Jeffrey L. Pradhan, Abani K. TI Qualitative Assessment for Toxoplasma gondii Exposure Risk Associated with Meat Products in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME-PCR; TISSUE CYSTS; DIFFERENT STRAINS; PORK; INFECTIVITY; PREVALENCE; ANIMALS; SAFETY; PIG; QUANTIFICATION AB Toxoplasma gondii is a global protozoan parasite capable of infecting most warm-blooded animals. Although healthy adult humans generally have no symptoms, severe illness does occur in certain groups, including congenitally infected fetuses and newborns, immunocompromised individuals including transplant patients. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that consumption of raw or undercooked meat products is one of the major sources of infection with T. gondii. The goal of this study was to develop a framework to qualitatively estimate the exposure risk to T. gondii from various meat products consumed in the United States. Risk estimates of various meats were analyzed by a farm-to-retail qualitative assessment that included evaluation of farm, abattoir, storage and transportation, meat processing, packaging, and retail modules. It was found that exposure risks associated with meats from free-range chickens, nonconfinement-raised pigs, goats, and lamb are higher than those from confinement-raised pigs, cattle, and caged chickens. For fresh meat products, risk at the retail level was similar to that at the farm level unless meats had been frozen or moisture enhanced. Our results showed that meat processing, such as salting, freezing, commercial hot air drying, long fermentation times, hot smoking, and cooking, are able to reduce T. gondii levels in meat products. whereas nitrite and/or nitrate, spice, low pH, and cold storage have no effect on the viability of T. gondii tissue cysts. Raw-fermented sausage, cured raw meat, meat that is not hot-air dried, and fresh processed meat were associated with higher exposure risks compared with cooked meat and frozen meat. This study provides a reference for meat management control programs to determine critical control points and serves as the foundation for future quantitative risk assessments. C1 [Guo, Miao; Buchanan, Robert L.; Lambertini, Elisabetta; Ying, Yuqing; Pradhan, Abani K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Buchanan, Robert L.; Lambertini, Elisabetta; Pradhan, Abani K.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Food Safety & Secur Syst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dubey, Jitender P.; Hill, Dolores E.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gamble, H. Ray] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Jones, Jeffrey L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Pradhan, AK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM akp@umd.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Agriculture and Food Research Initiative [2012-67005-19611] FX This work was supported through a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (award 2012-67005-19611). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NIFA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the USDA. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 22 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 78 IS 12 BP 2207 EP 2219 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-270 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA CY0AB UT WOS:000366066900013 PM 26613916 ER PT J AU Schwarz, KB Cloonan, YK Ling, SC Murray, KF Rodriguez-Baez, N Schwarzenberg, SJ Teckman, J Ganova-Raeva, L Rosenthal, P AF Schwarz, Kathleen B. Cloonan, Yona Keich Ling, Simon C. Murray, Karen F. Rodriguez-Baez, Norberto Schwarzenberg, Sarah Jane Teckman, Jeffrey Ganova-Raeva, Lilia Rosenthal, Philip CA Hepatitis B Res Network TI Children with Chronic Hepatitis B in the United States and Canada SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID TERM-FOLLOW-UP; VIRUS GENOTYPE; NATURAL-HISTORY; LIVER-CIRRHOSIS; INFECTION; CHILDHOOD; NETWORK AB Objectives To test the hypothesis that children with chronic hepatitis B living in the US and Canada would have international origins and characteristic hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and laboratory profiles. Study design Clinical characteristics of children enrolled in the Hepatitis B Research Network were collected from 7 US and Canadian centers. Results Children (n = 343) with an age range of 1.0-17.8 years were enrolled; 78% of the children were Asian, 55% were adopted, and 97% had international origins with either the child or a parent born in 1 of 31 countries. Themajority had HBV genotype B (43%) or C (32%), and the remainder had genotype A (5%), D (16%), E (4%), or multiple (<1%). Children with genotype B or C were more likely to be Asian (98% and 96%), more consistently hepatitis B envelope antigen positive (95% and 82%), had higher median HBV DNA levels (8.2 and 8.3 log(10) IU/mL), and less frequently had elevated alanineaminotransferase values (43% and 57%) compared with children with other genotypes. The percentage of hepatitis B envelope antigen positivity and of those with HBV DNA >= 6 log(10) IU/mL declined with age. Conclusions The majority of children in the Hepatitis B Research Network have HBV genotypes that reflect their international origins. Clinical and laboratory data differ substantially by patient age and HBV genotype. Use of these data can help drive the development of optimal strategies to manage and treat children with chronic hepatitis B. C1 [Schwarz, Kathleen B.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Cloonan, Yona Keich] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Ling, Simon C.] Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Dept Pediat, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Murray, Karen F.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rodriguez-Baez, Norberto] Univ Texas Southwestern, Dept Pediat, Dallas, TX USA. [Schwarzenberg, Sarah Jane] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Teckman, Jeffrey] St Louis Univ, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Ganova-Raeva, Lilia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rosenthal, Philip] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Schwarz, KB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pediat, CMSC 2-125,600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM kschwarz@jhmi.edu OI Cloonan, Yona/0000-0003-3893-3693; Ling, Simon/0000-0002-4223-4601 FU Roche; BMS; Gilead FX Funding information is available at www.jpeds.com (Appendix). K.S., K.M., and P.R. have research support from Roche, BMS, and Gilead. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 167 IS 6 BP 1287 EP + DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.08.021 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA CY1CI UT WOS:000366143900025 PM 26364985 ER PT J AU McGann, PT Grosse, SD Santos, B de Oliveira, V Bernardino, L Kassebaum, NJ Ware, RE Airewele, GE AF McGann, Patrick T. Grosse, Scott D. Santos, Brigida de Oliveira, Vysolela Bernardino, Luis Kassebaum, Nicholas J. Ware, Russell E. Airewele, Gladstone E. TI A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Pilot Neonatal Screening Program for Sickle Cell Anemia in the Republic of Angola SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; GLOBAL BURDEN; CHILD-MORTALITY; DISEASE; EXPERIENCE; SURVIVAL; NEWBORNS; OUTCOMES; AFRICA AB Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of a pilot newborn screening (NBS) and treatment program for sickle cell anemia (SCA) in Luanda, Angola. Study design In July 2011, a pilot NBS and treatment program was implemented in Luanda, Angola. Infants identified with SCA were enrolled in a specialized SCA clinic in which they received preventive care and sickle cell education. In this analysis, the World Health Organization (WHO) and generalized cost-effectiveness analysis methods were used to estimate gross intervention costs of the NBS and treatment program. To determine healthy life-years (HLYs) gained by screening and treatment, we assumed NBS reduced mortality to that of the Angolan population during the first 5 years based upon WHO and Global Burden of Diseases Study 2010 estimates, but provided no significant survival benefit for children who survive through age 5 years. A secondary sensitivity analysis with more conservative estimates of mortality benefits also was performed. The costs of downstream medical costs, including acute care, were not included. Results Based upon the costs of screening 36 453 infants and treating the 236 infants with SCA followed after NBS in the pilot project, NBS and treatment program is projected to result in the gain of 452-1105 HLYs, depending upon the discounting rate and survival assumptions used. The corresponding estimated cost per HLY gained is $1380-$3565, less than the gross domestic product per capita in Angola. Conclusions These data demonstrate that NBS and treatment for SCA appear to be highly cost-effective across all scenarios for Angola by the WHO criteria. C1 [McGann, Patrick T.; Ware, Russell E.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Hematol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Grosse, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Santos, Brigida; de Oliveira, Vysolela; Bernardino, Luis] Hosp Pediat David Bernardino, Ctr Apoio Ao Doente Anemico, Luanda, Angola. [Kassebaum, Nicholas J.] Seattle Childrens Hosp, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Kassebaum, Nicholas J.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Airewele, Gladstone E.] Baylor Coll Med, Texas Childrens Canc & Hematol Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Airewele, Gladstone E.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Airewele, GE (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Texas Childrens Canc & Hematol Ctr, 6701 Fannin St,Suite 1580, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM gairewele@txch.org FU Chevron FX Funding for this pilot newborn screening program was provided by Chevron. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 167 IS 6 BP 1314 EP 1319 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.08.068 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA CY1CI UT WOS:000366143900030 PM 26477868 ER PT J AU Simon, AE Rossen, LM Schoendorf, KC Larson, K Olson, LM AF Simon, Alan E. Rossen, Lauren M. Schoendorf, Kenneth C. Larson, Kandyce Olson, Lynn M. TI Location of Usual Source of Care among Children and Adolescents in the United States, 1997-2013 SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL HOME; SAFETY-NET; ACCESS AB Objectives To examine national trends in the percentage of children whose usual source of care is at a clinic, health center, or hospital outpatient department (hereafter "clinics") and whether trends differ by sociodemographic subpopulations. Study design Analysis of serial, cross-sectional, nationally representative in-person household surveys, the 1997-2013 National Health Interview Surveys, was conducted to identify children with a usual source of care (n = 190 571), and the percentage receiving that care in a clinic. We used joinpoint regression to identify changes in linear trends, and logistic regression with predictive margins to obtain per-year changes in percentages, both unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Interaction terms in logistic regressions were used to assess whether trends varied by sociodemographic subgroups. Results Of all children with a usual source of care, the percentage receiving that care in a clinic declined 0.44 percentage points per year (P < .001) from 22.97% in 1997 to 19.31% in 2002. Thereafter, it increased approximately 0.57 percentage points per year (P<.001), reaching 26.1% in 2013. Trends for some sociodemographic subgroups varied from these overall trends. No changes were observed between 2003 and 2013 for non-Hispanic black and Medicaid/State Children's Health Insurance Program insured children. Conclusions This study shows that, although the percentage of children with a usual source of care in a clinic declined between 1997 and 2002, it has steadily increased since that time. C1 [Simon, Alan E.; Rossen, Lauren M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant Child & Womens Hlth Stat Branch, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Schoendorf, Kenneth C.] Sinai Hosp, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. [Larson, Kandyce; Olson, Lynn M.] Amer Acad Pediat, Dept Res, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. RP Simon, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant Child & Womens Hlth Stat Branch, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 167 IS 6 BP 1409 EP 1414 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.026 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA CY1CI UT WOS:000366143900044 PM 26454575 ER PT J AU Park, S McGuire, LC Galuska, DA AF Park, Sohyun McGuire, Lisa C. Galuska, Deborah A. TI Regional Differences in Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake among US Adults SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article DE Sugar-sweetened beverages; Soda; Fruit-flavored drinks; Sports and energy drinks; Geographic region ID UNITED-STATES; CONSUMPTION; RISK; QUESTIONNAIRE; HEALTH; MEN; OBESITY; WEIGHT AB Background Higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and the prevalence of obesity varies by geographic region. Although information on whether SSB intake differs geographically could be valuable for designing targeted interventions, this information is limited. Objective This cross-sectional study examined associations between living in specific census regions and frequency of SSB consumption among US adults using 2010 National Health Interview Survey data (n=25,431). Methods SSB consumption was defined as the consumption of four types of beverages (regular sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages, fruit drinks, sports/energy drinks, and sweetened coffee/tea drinks). The exposure variable was census region of residence (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West). We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs for drinking SSBs after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Results Approximately 64% of adults consumed SSBs >= 1 time/day. The odds of drinking SSBs >= 1 time/day were significantly higher among adults living in the Northeast (aOR=1.13; 95% CI=1.01, 1.26) but lower among adults living in the Midwest (aOR=0.70; 95% CI=0.64, 0.78) or West (aOR=0.78; 95% CI=0.71, 0.87) compared with those living in the South. By type of SSB, the odds of drinking regular soda >= 1 time/day was significantly lower among adults living in the Northeast (aOR=0.51; 95% CI=0.45, 0.57), Midwest (aOR=0.86; 95% CI=0.78, 0.96), or West (aOR=0.56; 95% CI=0.51, 0.62) than those living in the South. The odds of drinking sports/energy drinks >= 1 time/day were significantly lower among adults living in the West (aOR=0.77; 95% CI=0.64, 0.93) than those living in the South. The odds of drinking a sweetened coffee/tea drink >= 1 time/day were significantly higher among adults living in the Northeast (aOR=1.60; 95% CI=1.43, 1.78) but lower among adults living in the Midwest (aOR=0.70; 95% CI=0.62, 0.78) than those living in the South. Conclusions Total frequency of SSB consumption and types of SSB consumption differed by geographic region. Interventions to reduce SSB intake could consider regional variations in SSB intake, particularly when more local data are not available. C1 [Park, Sohyun; McGuire, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Galuska, Deborah A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Park, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F77, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM spark3@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 EI 2212-2680 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 115 IS 12 BP 1996 EP 2002 DI 10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.010 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA CX9DF UT WOS:000366004400011 PM 26231057 ER PT J AU Jones, MK Grau, KR Costantini, V Kolawole, AO de Graaf, M Freiden, P Graves, CL Koopmans, M Wallet, SM Tibbetts, SA Schultz-Cherry, S Wobus, CE Vinje, J Karst, SM AF Jones, Melissa K. Grau, Katrina R. Costantini, Veronica Kolawole, Abimbola O. de Graaf, Miranda Freiden, Pamela Graves, Christina L. Koopmans, Marion Wallet, Shannon M. Tibbetts, Scott A. Schultz-Cherry, Stacey Wobus, Christiane E. Vinje, Jan Karst, Stephanie M. TI Human norovirus culture in B cells SO NATURE PROTOCOLS LA English DT Article ID NORWALK VIRUS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INFECTION; GASTROENTERITIS; BLOOD; ATTACHMENT; DISEASE AB Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of foodborne disease and severe childhood diarrhea, and they cause a majority of the gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. However, the development of effective and long-lasting HuNoV vaccines and therapeutics has been greatly hindered by their uncultivability. We recently demonstrated that a HuNoV replicates in human B cells, and that commensal bacteria serve as a cofactor for this infection. In this protocol, we provide detailed methods for culturing the GII.4-Sydney HuNoV strain directly in human B cells, and in a coculture system in which the virus must cross a confluent epithelial barrier to access underlying B cells. We also describe methods for bacterial stimulation of HuNoV B cell infection and for measuring viral attachment to the surface of B cells. Finally, we highlight variables that contribute to the efficiency of viral replication in this system. Infection assays require 3 d and attachment assays require 3 h. Analysis of infection or attachment samples, including RNA extraction and RTRT-qPCR, requires similar to 6 h. C1 [Jones, Melissa K.; Grau, Katrina R.; Tibbetts, Scott A.; Karst, Stephanie M.] Univ Florida, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Costantini, Veronica; Vinje, Jan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kolawole, Abimbola O.; Wobus, Christiane E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [de Graaf, Miranda; Koopmans, Marion] Erasmus MC, Dept Virosci, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Freiden, Pamela; Schultz-Cherry, Stacey] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Graves, Christina L.; Wallet, Shannon M.] Univ Florida, Coll Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Karst, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM skarst@ufl.edu FU US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 1R01AI116892]; University of Florida Opportunity Fund [00093472]; NIH [R01 AI080611, R21 AI103961] FX This work was funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 1R01AI116892 and the University of Florida Opportunity Fund 00093472 for S.M.K., and by NIH R01 AI080611 and R21 AI103961 for C.E.W. We would like to thank G. McFadden (University of Florida), R. Renne (University of Florida) and B. Chandran (Rosalind Franklin University of Medical School and Sciences) for generously providing cell lines used in these studies. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Names of specific vendors, manufacturers or products are included for public health and informational purposes; inclusion does not imply endorsement of the vendors, manufacturers or products by the CDC or the US Department of Health and Human Services. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1754-2189 EI 1750-2799 J9 NAT PROTOC JI Nat. Protoc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1939 EP 1947 DI 10.1038/nprot.2015.121 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CY0UR UT WOS:000366122600004 PM 26513671 ER PT J AU Mesquita, RD Vionette-Amaral, RJ Lowenberger, C Rivera-Pomar, R Monteiro, FA Minx, P Spieth, J Carvalho, AB Panzera, F Lawson, D Torres, AQ Ribeiro, JMC Sorgine, MHF Waterhouse, RM Montague, MJ Abad-Franch, F Alves-Bezerra, M Amaral, LR Araujo, HM Araujo, RN Aravind, L Atella, GC Azambuja, P Berni, M Bittencourt-Cunha, PR Braz, GRC Calderon-Fernandez, G Carareto, CMA Christensen, MB Costa, IR Costa, SG Dansa, M Daumas, CRO De-Paula, IF Dias, FA Dimopoulos, G Emrich, SJ Esponda-Behrens, N Fampa, P Fernandez-Medina, RD da Fonseca, RN Fontenele, M Fronick, C Fulton, LA Gandara, AC Garcia, ES Genta, FA Giraldo-Calderon, GI Gomes, B Gondim, KC Granzotto, A Guarneri, AA Guigo, R Harry, M Hughes, DST Jablonka, W Jacquin-Joly, E Juarez, MP Koerich, LB Latorre-Estivalis, JM Lavore, A Lawrence, GG Lazoski, C Lazzari, CR Lopes, RR Lorenzo, MG Lugon, MD Majerowicz, D Marcet, PL Mariotti, M Masuda, H Megy, K Melo, ACA Missirlis, F Mota, T Noriega, FG Nouzova, M Nunes, RD Oliveira, RLL Oliveira-Silveira, G Ons, S Pagola, L Paiva-Silva, GO Pascual, A Pavan, MG Pedrini, N Peixoto, AA Pereira, MH Pike, A Polycarpo, C Prosdocimi, F Ribeiro-Rodrigues, R Robertson, HM Salerno, AP Salmon, D Santesmasses, D Schama, R Seabra, ES Silva-Cardoso, L Silva-Neto, MAC Souza-Gomes, M Sterkel, M Taracena, ML Tojo, M Tu, ZJ Tubio, JMC Ursic-Bedoya, R Venancio, TM Walter-Nuno, AB Wilson, D Warren, WC Wilson, RK Huebner, E Dotson, EM Oliveira, PL AF Mesquita, Rafael D. Vionette-Amaral, Raquel J. Lowenberger, Carl Rivera-Pomar, Rolando Monteiro, Fernando A. Minx, Patrick Spieth, John Bernardo Carvalho, A. Panzera, Francisco Lawson, Daniel Torres, Andre Q. Ribeiro, Jose M. C. Sorgine, Marcos H. F. Waterhouse, Robert M. Montague, Michael J. Abad-Franch, Fernando Alves-Bezerra, Michele Amaral, Laurence R. Araujo, Helena M. Araujo, Ricardo N. Aravind, L. Atella, Georgia C. Azambuja, Patricia Berni, Mateus Bittencourt-Cunha, Paula R. Braz, Gloria R. C. Calderon-Fernandez, Gustavo Carareto, Claudia M. A. Christensen, Mikkel B. Costa, Igor R. Costa, Samara G. Dansa, Marilvia Daumas-Filho, Carlos R. O. De-Paula, Iron F. Dias, Felipe A. Dimopoulos, George Emrich, Scott J. Esponda-Behrens, Natalia Fampa, Patricia Fernandez-Medina, Rita D. da Fonseca, Rodrigo N. Fontenele, Marcio Fronick, Catrina Fulton, Lucinda A. Gandara, Ana Caroline Garcia, Eloi S. Genta, Fernando A. Giraldo-Calderon, Gloria I. Gomes, Bruno Gondim, Katia C. Granzotto, Adriana Guarneri, Alessandra A. Guigo, Roderic Harry, Myriam Hughes, Daniel S. T. Jablonka, Willy Jacquin-Joly, Emmanuelle Patricia Juarez, M. Koerich, Leonardo B. Latorre-Estivalis, Jose Manuel Lavore, Andres Lawrence, Gena G. Lazoski, Cristiano Lazzari, Claudio R. Lopes, Raphael R. Lorenzo, Marcelo G. Lugon, Magda D. Majerowicz, David Marcet, Paula L. Mariotti, Marco Masuda, Hatisaburo Megy, Karine Melo, Ana C. A. Missirlis, Fanis Mota, Theo Noriega, Fernando G. Nouzova, Marcela Nunes, Rodrigo D. Oliveira, Raquel L. L. Oliveira-Silveira, Gilbert Ons, Sheila Pagola, Lucia Paiva-Silva, Gabriela O. Pascual, Agustina Pavan, Marcio G. Pedrini, Nicolas Peixoto, Alexandre A. Pereira, Marcos H. Pike, Andrew Polycarpo, Carla Prosdocimi, Francisco Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Rodrigo Robertson, Hugh M. Salerno, Ana Paula Salmon, Didier Santesmasses, Didac Schama, Renata Seabra-Junior, Eloy S. Silva-Cardoso, Livia Silva-Neto, Mario A. C. Souza-Gomes, Matheus Sterkel, Marcos Taracena, Mabel L. Tojo, Marta Tu, Zhijian Jake Tubio, Jose M. C. Ursic-Bedoya, Raul Venancio, Thiago M. Walter-Nuno, Ana Beatriz Wilson, Derek Warren, Wesley C. Wilson, Richard K. Huebner, Erwin Dotson, Ellen M. Oliveira, Pedro L. TI Genome of Rhodnius prolixus, an insect vector of Chagas disease, reveals unique adaptations to hematophagy and parasite infection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Rhodnius prolixus; genome; hematophagy; immunity; Chagas disease ID HEME-BINDING PROTEIN; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; BLOODSUCKING INSECT; TRIATOMA-INFESTANS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GRAN CHACO; EVOLUTION; REDUVIIDAE; HEMIPTERA AB Rhodnius prolixus not only has served as a model organism for the study of insect physiology, but also is a major vector of Chagas disease, an illness that affects approximately seven million people worldwide. We sequenced the genome of R. prolixus, generated assembled sequences covering 95% of the genome (similar to 702 Mb), including 15,456 putative protein-coding genes, and completed comprehensive genomic analyses of this obligate blood-feeding insect. Although immune-deficiency (IMD)-mediated immune responses were observed, R. prolixus putatively lacks key components of the IMD pathway, suggesting a reorganization of the canonical immune signaling network. Although both Toll and IMD effectors controlled intestinal microbiota, neither affected Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease, implying the existence of evasion or tolerance mechanisms. R. prolixus has experienced an extensive loss of selenoprotein genes, with its repertoire reduced to only two proteins, one of which is a selenocysteine-based glutathione peroxidase, the first found in insects. The genome contained actively transcribed, horizontally transferred genes from Wolbachia sp., which showed evidence of codon use evolution toward the insect use pattern. Comparative protein analyses revealed many lineage-specific expansions and putative gene absences in R. prolixus, including tandem expansions of genes related to chemoreception, feeding, and digestion that possibly contributed to the evolution of a blood-feeding lifestyle. The genome assembly and these associated analyses provide critical information on the physiology and evolution of this important vector species and should be instrumental for the development of innovative disease control methods. C1 [Mesquita, Rafael D.; Torres, Andre Q.; Braz, Gloria R. C.; Melo, Ana C. A.; Oliveira, Raquel L. L.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, BR-21941909 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Mesquita, Rafael D.; Monteiro, Fernando A.; Bernardo Carvalho, A.; Sorgine, Marcos H. F.; Araujo, Helena M.; Araujo, Ricardo N.; Atella, Georgia C.; Azambuja, Patricia; Braz, Gloria R. C.; Dias, Felipe A.; da Fonseca, Rodrigo N.; Fontenele, Marcio; Gandara, Ana Caroline; Garcia, Eloi S.; Genta, Fernando A.; Gomes, Bruno; Gondim, Katia C.; Guarneri, Alessandra A.; Koerich, Leonardo B.; Latorre-Estivalis, Jose Manuel; Lazoski, Cristiano; Lorenzo, Marcelo G.; Masuda, Hatisaburo; Melo, Ana C. A.; Nunes, Rodrigo D.; Paiva-Silva, Gabriela O.; Peixoto, Alexandre A.; Pereira, Marcos H.; Polycarpo, Carla; Schama, Renata; Silva-Neto, Mario A. C.; Venancio, Thiago M.; Oliveira, Pedro L.] Inst Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol Entomol Mol, BR-21941591 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Vionette-Amaral, Raquel J.; Sorgine, Marcos H. F.; Alves-Bezerra, Michele; Atella, Georgia C.; Bittencourt-Cunha, Paula R.; Costa, Igor R.; Daumas-Filho, Carlos R. O.; De-Paula, Iron F.; Dias, Felipe A.; Gandara, Ana Caroline; Gondim, Katia C.; Jablonka, Willy; Lopes, Raphael R.; Majerowicz, David; Masuda, Hatisaburo; Nunes, Rodrigo D.; Oliveira-Silveira, Gilbert; Paiva-Silva, Gabriela O.; Polycarpo, Carla; Prosdocimi, Francisco; Salmon, Didier; Silva-Cardoso, Livia; Silva-Neto, Mario A. C.; Sterkel, Marcos; Taracena, Mabel L.; Walter-Nuno, Ana Beatriz; Oliveira, Pedro L.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Bioquim Med Leopoldo Meis, Programa Biol Mol & Biotecnol, BR-21941591 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Lowenberger, Carl; Ursic-Bedoya, Raul] Simon Fraser Univ, Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Rivera-Pomar, Rolando; Esponda-Behrens, Natalia; Lavore, Andres; Ons, Sheila; Pagola, Lucia; Pascual, Agustina] Univ Nacl La Plata, Ctr Reg Estudios Genom, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. [Rivera-Pomar, Rolando] Univ Nacl Noroeste Buenos Aires, Ctr Bioinvest, RA-2700 Pergamino, Argentina. [Monteiro, Fernando A.; Torres, Andre Q.; Azambuja, Patricia; Costa, Samara G.; Garcia, Eloi S.; Genta, Fernando A.; Gomes, Bruno; Pavan, Marcio G.; Peixoto, Alexandre A.; Schama, Renata] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, BR-21040900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Minx, Patrick; Spieth, John; Montague, Michael J.; Fronick, Catrina; Fulton, Lucinda A.; Warren, Wesley C.; Wilson, Richard K.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, McDonnell Genome Inst, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Bernardo Carvalho, A.; Koerich, Leonardo B.; Lazoski, Cristiano] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, Inst Biol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Panzera, Francisco] Univ Republica, Secc Genet Evolutiva, Fac Ciencias, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay. [Lawson, Daniel; Christensen, Mikkel B.; Hughes, Daniel S. T.; Megy, Karine; Wilson, Derek] Welcome Trust Genome Campus, European Mol Biol Lab, European Bioinformat Inst, Hinxton, Cambs CB10 1SD, England. [Ribeiro, Jose M. C.] NIAID, Sect Vector Biol, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Waterhouse, Robert M.] Univ Geneva, Sch Med, Dept Genet Med & Dev, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Waterhouse, Robert M.] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Waterhouse, Robert M.] MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Waterhouse, Robert M.] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Abad-Franch, Fernando] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Grp Pesquisa Ecol Doencas Transmissiveis Amazonia, Inst Leonidas & Maria Deane, BR-69057070 Amazonas, Brazil. [Robertson, Hugh M.] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Lab Bioinformat & Analises Mol, Inst Genet & Bioquim, Fac Comp, BR-38700002 Minas Gerais, Brazil. [Araujo, Helena M.; Berni, Mateus; Fontenele, Marcio] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Ciencias Biomed, BR-21941591 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Araujo, Ricardo N.; Pereira, Marcos H.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Parasitol, Inst Ciencias Biol, BR-31270901 Minas Gerais, Brazil. [Aravind, L.] Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Rockville, MD 20894 USA. [Calderon-Fernandez, Gustavo; Patricia Juarez, M.; Pedrini, Nicolas] Univ Nacl La Plata, Inst Invest Bioquim La Plata, Fac Ciencias Med, CONICET, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Carareto, Claudia M. A.; Granzotto, Adriana] Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol, BR-15054000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Dansa, Marilvia; Lugon, Magda D.; Venancio, Thiago M.] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Ctr Biociencias & Biotecnol, Lab Quim & Funcao Proteinas Peptideos, BR-28013602 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Dimopoulos, George; Pike, Andrew] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Emrich, Scott J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Fampa, Patricia] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Biol Anim, Inst Ciencias Biol & Saude, BR-23897000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Fernandez-Medina, Rita D.] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacl Saude Publ, BR-21040360 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [da Fonseca, Rodrigo N.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Nucl Pesquisas Ecol Macae, BR-27910970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Giraldo-Calderon, Gloria I.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Guarneri, Alessandra A.; Latorre-Estivalis, Jose Manuel; Lorenzo, Marcelo G.] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, BR-30190002 Minas Gerais, Brazil. [Guigo, Roderic; Mariotti, Marco; Santesmasses, Didac] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Genom Regulat, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain. [Guigo, Roderic; Mariotti, Marco; Santesmasses, Didac] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain. [Harry, Myriam] CNRS, Lab Evolut Genome & Speciat, Inst Rech Dev, UPR9034,UR 072, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Harry, Myriam] Univ Paris 11, F-91400 Orsay, France. [Jacquin-Joly, Emmanuelle] French Natl Inst Agr Res, Inst Ecol & Environm Sci Paris, F-78000 Versailles, France. [Lawrence, Gena G.; Marcet, Paula L.; Dotson, Ellen M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Lazzari, Claudio R.] Univ Tours, Inst Rech Biol Insecte, UMR7261, Ctr Natl Rech Scientif, F-37200 Tours, France. [Majerowicz, David] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Fac Farm, Dept Biotecnol Farma, BR-21941902 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Missirlis, Fanis] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Physiol Biophys & Neurosci, Mexico City 03760, DF, Mexico. [Mota, Theo] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Fisiol & Biofis, Inst Ciencias Biol, BR-31270901 Minas Gerais, Brazil. [Noriega, Fernando G.; Nouzova, Marcela] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 11200 USA. [Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Rodrigo] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Nucl Doencas Infecciosas, BR-29043900 Espirito Santo, Brazil. [Robertson, Hugh M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Salerno, Ana Paula; Seabra-Junior, Eloy S.] Inst Fed Edu Ciencia & Tecnol Rio De Janeriro, BR-20270021 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Tojo, Marta] Univ Santiago Compostela, Inst Invest Sanitarias, Dept Physiol, Sch Med,Ctr Res Mol Med & Chron Dis, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. [Tu, Zhijian Jake] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Tubio, Jose M. C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. [Huebner, Erwin] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Mesquita, RD (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, BR-21941909 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM rdmesquita@iq.ufrj.br; edotson@cdc.gov; pedro@bioqmed.ufrj.br RI Missirlis, Fanis/C-1137-2011; Prosdocimi, Francisco/F-6847-2012; Majerowicz, David/B-5361-2016; Costa, Igor/B-4698-2016; Amaral, Laurence/G-5905-2012; Melo, Ana C. A./K-1048-2013; Waterhouse, Robert/A-1858-2010; Guigo, Roderic/D-1303-2010; de Souza Gomes, Matheus/G-3480-2012; Lazoski, Cristiano/H-6192-2013; Carvalho, A. Bernardo/D-5402-2013; Pereira, Marcos/A-3774-2012; Alves-Bezerra, Michele/B-4662-2014; Nunes, Rodrigo/J-6859-2012; Pavan, Marcio/F-3270-2015; Venancio, Thiago/B-5003-2011; Jablonka, Willy/D-2333-2017; Carareto, Claudia/D-2814-2012; Araujo, Helena/D-7149-2013; OI Missirlis, Fanis/0000-0003-0467-8444; Prosdocimi, Francisco/0000-0002-6761-3069; Majerowicz, David/0000-0001-7916-5315; Costa, Igor/0000-0003-0957-9461; Amaral, Laurence/0000-0003-4681-5451; Melo, Ana C. A./0000-0003-0686-7089; Waterhouse, Robert/0000-0003-4199-9052; Guigo, Roderic/0000-0002-5738-4477; de Souza Gomes, Matheus/0000-0001-7352-3089; Carvalho, A. Bernardo/0000-0001-8959-6469; Alves-Bezerra, Michele/0000-0003-4430-6434; Nunes, Rodrigo/0000-0003-1346-291X; Pavan, Marcio/0000-0002-5699-242X; Araujo, Helena/0000-0003-0371-9523; Lawson, Daniel/0000-0001-7765-983X; Panzera, Francisco/0000-0001-5148-957X; Fontenele, Marcio/0000-0001-8828-3671; Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020; Jablonka, Willy/0000-0001-5380-7797; Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818; Oliveira, Pedro/0000-0003-0307-354X FU National Institutes of Health Grant [NHGRI-HG003079]; National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Grant [HHSN272200900039C]; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas de Argentina; Agencia Nacional de Promocion de Ciencia y Tecnologia; Fundacion Bunge y Born; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior/FAPERJ; [PIOF-GA-2011-303312] FX We thank Charles B. Beard for the Rhodnius prolixus picture. Genome sequencing was funded by National Institutes of Health Grant NHGRI-HG003079; VectorBase was supported by National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Grant HHSN272200900039C; Brazilian groups were funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais; R.R.-P. was supported by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas de Argentina, Agencia Nacional de Promocion de Ciencia y Tecnologia, and Fundacion Bunge y Born; R.D.F.-M. was funded by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior/FAPERJ; and R.M.W. was supported by Marie Curie PIOF-GA-2011-303312. NR 61 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 7 U2 35 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 48 BP 14936 EP 14941 DI 10.1073/pnas.1506226112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX8XR UT WOS:000365988900059 PM 26627243 ER PT J AU Forrester, JD Vakkalanka, JP Holstege, CP Mead, PS AF Forrester, Joseph D. Vakkalanka, J. Priyanka Holstege, Christopher P. Mead, Paul S. TI Lyme Disease: What the Wilderness Provider Needs to Know SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Lyme disease; tickborne disease; Lyme carditis; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis; tick ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; UNITED-STATES; TICK REMOVAL; ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY; ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; TRANSMISSION; SPIROCHETE; BABESIOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; CARDITIS AB Lyme disease is a multisystem tickborne illness caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and is the most common vectorborne disease in the United States. Prognosis after initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy is typically good if treated early. Wilderness providers caring for patients who live in or travel to high-incidence Lyme disease areas should be aware of the basic biology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of Lyme disease. C1 [Forrester, Joseph D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Forrester, Joseph D.; Mead, Paul S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Vakkalanka, J. Priyanka; Holstege, Christopher P.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Div Med Toxicol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Forrester, JD (reprint author), CDC, Bacterial Dis Branch, 3156 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM xdd2@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1080-6032 EI 1545-1534 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 26 IS 4 BP 555 EP 564 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA CY2HA UT WOS:000366228200016 PM 26141918 ER PT J AU Allen, LH Hampel, D Shahab-Ferdows, S York, ER Adair, LS Flax, VL Tegha, G Chasela, CS Kamwendo, D Jamieson, DJ Bentley, ME AF Allen, Lindsay H. Hampel, Daniela Shahab-Ferdows, Setareh York, Emily R. Adair, Linda S. Flax, Valerie L. Tegha, Gerald Chasela, Charles S. Kamwendo, Debbie Jamieson, Denise J. Bentley, Margaret E. TI Antiretroviral therapy provided to HIV-infected Malawian women in a randomized trial diminishes the positive effects of lipid-based nutrient supplements on breast-milk B vitamins SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE antiretrovirals; B vitamins; breast milk; human milk; ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FEEDING INFANTS; PREVENTION; BOTSWANA; PLUS; BAN; PROPHYLAXIS; PREGNANCY; REGIMENS AB Background: Little information is available on B vitamin concentrations in human milk or on how they are affected by maternal B vitamin deficiencies, antiretroviral therapy, or maternal supplementation. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy and/or lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) on B vitamin concentrations in breast milk from HIV-infected women in Malawi. Design: Breast milk was collected from 537 women recruited within the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition study at 2 or 6 wk and 24 wk postpartum. Women were assigned to receive antiretrovirals and LNSs, antiretrovirals only, LNSs only, or a control. Antiretrovirals and LNSs were given to the mothers from weeks 0 to 28. The antiretrovirals were zidovudine/lamivudine and nelfinavir or lopinavir/ritonavir. LNSs provided 93-118% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and vitamin B-12. Infants were exclusively breastfed. Results: LNSs increased milk concentrations of all vitamins except thiamin, whereas antiretrovirals lowered concentrations of nicotinamide, pyridoxal, and vitamin B-12. Although antiretrovirals alone had no significant effect on riboflavin concentrations, they negatively affected the LNS-induced increase in this vitamin. Thiamin was not influenced by the study interventions. Concentrations of all B vitamins were much lower than usually accepted values. Conclusions: All B vitamins were low in milk, and all but thiamin were increased by maternal supplementation with LNSs. Antiretrovirals alone decreased concentrations of some B vitamins in milk. When LNS was given in addition to antiretrovirals, the negative effect of antiretrovirals offset the positive effect of LNSs for all vitamins except thiamin. C1 [Allen, Lindsay H.; Hampel, Daniela; Shahab-Ferdows, Setareh; York, Emily R.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Allen, Lindsay H.; Hampel, Daniela; York, Emily R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Adair, Linda S.; Flax, Valerie L.; Bentley, Margaret E.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jamieson, Denise J.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tegha, Gerald; Chasela, Charles S.; Kamwendo, Debbie] UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Chasela, Charles S.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. EM lindsay.allen@ars.usda.gov FU Prevention Research Centers Special Interest Project of the CDC [SIP 13-01 U48-CCU409660-09, SIP 26-04 U48-DP000059-01, SIP 22-09 U48-DP001944-01]; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP53107, OPP1061055]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research [P30-AI50410]; Carolina Population Center [R24 HD050924]; NIH Fogarty AIDS International Training and Research Program [DHHS/NIH/FIC 2-D43 Tw01039-06, R24 Tw00798]; NIH Fogarty AIDS International Training and Research Program (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act); intramural USDA-ARS Project [5306-51000-003-00D]; Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation; United Nations Children's Fund; World Food Program; Malawi Ministry of Health and Population; Johnson Johnson; US Agency for International Development FX The Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition Study was supported by grants from the Prevention Research Centers Special Interest Project of the CDC (SIP 13-01 U48-CCU409660-09, SIP 26-04 U48-DP000059-01, and SIP 22-09 U48-DP001944-01); the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP53107 and OPP1061055); the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; the University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research (P30-AI50410); the Carolina Population Center (R24 HD050924); the NIH Fogarty AIDS International Training and Research Program (DHHS/NIH/FIC 2-D43 Tw01039-06 and R24 Tw00798; the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act); and the intramural USDA-ARS Project (5306-51000-003-00D). The antiretrovirals used in the BAN study were donated by Abbott Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche Pharmaceuticals, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. The Call to Action PMTCT program was supported by the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, the United Nations Children's Fund, the World Food Program, the Malawi Ministry of Health and Population, Johnson & Johnson, and the US Agency for International Development. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1468 EP 1474 DI 10.3945/ajcn.114.105106 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA CX5BY UT WOS:000365717300021 PM 26537941 ER PT J AU Beer, KD Gargano, JW Roberts, VA Hill, VR Garrison, LE Kutty, PK Hilborn, ED Wade, TJ Fullerton, KE Yoder, JS AF Beer, Karlyn D. Gargano, Julia W. Roberts, Virginia A. Hill, Vincent R. Garrison, Laurel E. Kutty, Preeta K. Hilborn, Elizabeth D. Wade, Timothy J. Fullerton, Kathleen E. Yoder, Jonathan S. TI Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated With Drinking Water - United States, 2011-2012 (Reprinted from AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION vol 64, pg 842, 2015) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Reprint ID MYCOBACTERIUM; LEGIONELLA C1 [Beer, Karlyn D.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Beer, Karlyn D.; Gargano, Julia W.; Roberts, Virginia A.; Hill, Vincent R.; Fullerton, Kathleen E.; Yoder, Jonathan S.] CDC, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Garrison, Laurel E.; Kutty, Preeta K.] CDC, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hilborn, Elizabeth D.; Wade, Timothy J.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. RP Beer, KD (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbeer@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-6135 EI 1600-6143 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 3260 EP 3267 DI 10.1111/ajt.13602 PG 8 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA CX2NP UT WOS:000365534100029 ER PT J AU Kesmodel, US Kjaersgaard, MIS Denny, CH Bertrand, J Skogerbo, A Eriksen, HLF Bay, B Underbjerg, M Mortensen, EL AF Kesmodel, U. S. Kjaersgaard, M. I. S. Denny, C. H. Bertrand, J. Skogerbo, A. Eriksen, H-LF Bay, B. Underbjerg, M. Mortensen, E. L. TI The association of pre-pregnancy alcohol drinking with child neuropsychological functioning SO BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alcohol drinking; attention; executive function; intelligence; motor function; neurodevelopmental effects; pregnancy ID MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT BATTERY; BINGE DRINKING; EARLY-PREGNANCY; PSYCHOMOTOR DEFICITS; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; MODERATE; RISK; CONSUMPTION; DISORDERS; INTELLIGENCE AB ObjectiveTo examine the effects of pre-pregnancy alcohol drinking on child neuropsychological functioning. DesignProspective follow-up study. Setting and population154 women and their children sampled from the Danish National Birth Cohort. MethodsParticipants were sampled based on maternal alcohol consumption before pregnancy. At 5years of age, the children were tested with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised, the Test of Everyday Attention for Children at Five (TEACh-5), and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). The Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) was completed by the mothers and a preschool teacher. Parental education, maternal IQ, prenatal maternal smoking, child's age at testing, child's sex, and maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy were considered potential confounders. Main outcome measuresPerformance on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised, the TEACh-5, the MABC, and the BRIEF. ResultsIntake of 15-21 drinks/week on average prior to pregnancy was not associated with any of the outcomes, but intake of 22 drinks/week on average was associated with a significantly lower adjusted mean full scale IQ and lower adjusted means in overall attention and sustained attention score, but not in selective attention score or any of the BRIEF index scores or MABC scores. ConclusionsIntake of 22 drinks/week before pregnancy was associated with lower mean full scale IQ, overall attention and sustained attention. Assessment of pre-pregnancy drinking provides additional information regarding potential prenatal alcohol exposure and its implications for child neurodevelopment. C1 [Kesmodel, U. S.; Bay, B.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. [Kesmodel, U. S.; Eriksen, H-LF; Bay, B.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Clin Med, Aarhus, Denmark. [Kjaersgaard, M. I. S.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Biostat Sect, Aarhus, Denmark. [Denny, C. H.; Bertrand, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Skogerbo, A.] Univ Stavanger, Div Psychiat, Stavanger, Norway. [Underbjerg, M.] Vejlefjord Rehabil Ctr, Childrens Neuroctr, Stouby, Denmark. [Mortensen, E. L.] Univ Copenhagen, Inst Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Mortensen, E. L.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Healthy Aging, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Kesmodel, US (reprint author), Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. EM ulrikesm@rm.dk FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Danish National Board of Health; Lundbeck Foundation; Ludvig & Sara Elsass' Foundation; Augustinus Foundation; Aase & Ejnar Danielsen's Foundation FX This study was primarily supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Additional support was obtained from The Danish National Board of Health, the Lundbeck Foundation, Ludvig & Sara Elsass' Foundation, the Augustinus Foundation, and Aase & Ejnar Danielsen's Foundation. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1470-0328 EI 1471-0528 J9 BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY JI BJOG PD DEC PY 2015 VL 122 IS 13 BP 1728 EP 1738 DI 10.1111/1471-0528.13172 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CX1JJ UT WOS:000365452200002 PM 25395365 ER PT J AU Wingate, LT Coleman, MS Hurst, CD Semple, M Zhou, WG Cetron, MS Painter, JA AF Wingate, La'Marcus T. Coleman, Margaret S. Hurst, Christopher de la Motte Semple, Marie Zhou, Weigong Cetron, Martin S. Painter, John A. TI A cost-benefit analysis of a proposed overseas refugee latent tuberculosis infection screening and treatment program SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Latent tuberculosis; Screening; Refugees; Cost-benefit analysis; Rifapentine ID GAMMA RELEASE ASSAYS; UNITED-STATES; IMMIGRANTS; HEALTH; RECOMMENDATIONS; IMPLEMENTATION; REACTIVATION; RIFAPENTINE; POPULATION; COMPLETION AB Background: This study explored the effect of screening and treatment of refugees for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) before entrance to the United States as a strategy for reducing active tuberculosis (TB). The purpose of this study was to estimate the costs and benefits of LTBI screening and treatment in United States bound refugees prior to arrival. Methods: Costs were included for foreign and domestic LTBI screening and treatment and the domestic treatment of active TB. A decision tree with multiple Markov nodes was developed to determine the total costs and number of active TB cases that occurred in refugee populations that tested 55, 35, and 20 % tuberculin skin test positive under two models: no overseas LTBI screening and overseas LTBI screening and treatment. For this analysis, refugees that tested 55, 35, and 20 % tuberculin skin test positive were divided into high, moderate, and low LTBI prevalence categories to denote their prevalence of LTBI relative to other refugee populations. Results: For a hypothetical 1-year cohort of 100,000 refugees arriving in the United States from regions with high, moderate, and low LTBI prevalence, implementation of overseas screening would be expected to prevent 440, 220, and 57 active TB cases in the United States during the first 20 years after arrival. The cost savings associated with treatment of these averted cases would offset the cost of LTBI screening and treatment for refugees from countries with high (net cost-saving: $4.9 million) and moderate (net cost-saving: $1.6 million) LTBI prevalence. For low LTBI prevalence populations, LTBI screening and treatment exceed expected future TB treatment cost savings (net cost of $780,000). Conclusions: Implementing LTBI screening and treatment for United States bound refugees from countries with high or moderate LTBI prevalence would potentially save millions of dollars and contribute to United States TB elimination goals. These estimates are conservative since secondary transmission from tuberculosis cases in the United States was not considered in the model. C1 [Wingate, La'Marcus T.; Coleman, Margaret S.; Hurst, Christopher de la Motte; Semple, Marie; Zhou, Weigong; Cetron, Martin S.; Painter, John A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wingate, LT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 1201 DI 10.1186/s12889-015-2530-7 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CX1TB UT WOS:000365477400002 PM 26627449 ER PT J AU Weir, HK Thompson, TD Soman, A Moller, B Leadbetter, S AF Weir, Hannah K. Thompson, Trevor D. Soman, Ashwini Moller, Bjorn Leadbetter, Steven TI Reply to it is not all black and white: Future incidence of stomach cancer will be substantially higher than projected due to the effects of immigration and increasing Hispanic and Asian populations in the United States SO CANCER LA English DT Letter C1 [Weir, Hannah K.; Thompson, Trevor D.; Leadbetter, Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Soman, Ashwini] Northrop Grumman Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Moller, Bjorn] Canc Registry Norway, Dept Registrat, Oslo, Norway. RP Weir, HK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0008-543X EI 1097-0142 J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 121 IS 23 BP 4267 EP 4268 DI 10.1002/cncr.29632 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CX3TJ UT WOS:000365621900024 PM 26280155 ER PT J AU Rattray, C Wiener, J Legardy-Williams, J Costenbader, E Pazol, K Medley-Singh, N Snead, MC Steiner, MJ Jamieson, DJ Warner, L Gallo, MF Hylton-Kong, T Kourtis, AP AF Rattray, Carole Wiener, Jeffrey Legardy-Williams, Jennifer Costenbader, Elizabeth Pazol, Karen Medley-Singh, Natalie Snead, Margaret C. Steiner, Markus J. Jamieson, Denise J. Warner, Lee Gallo, Maria F. Hylton-Kong, Tina Kourtis, Athena P. TI Effects of initiating a contraceptive implant on subsequent condom use: A randomized controlled trial SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE Contraceptive implant; Randomized controlled trial; LARC; Condom use; PSA ID ACTING REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTION; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; LEVONORGESTREL IMPLANTS; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION; DUAL PROTECTION; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; INTERCOURSE; WORLDWIDE AB Objective: To evaluate whether initiation of a contraceptive implant, a method of long-acting reversible contraception, reduces condom use, as measured by a biomarker of recent semen exposure [prostate-specific antigen (PSA)]. Study design: We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial in which 414 Jamaican women at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) attending family planning clinics received the contraceptive implant at baseline ("immediate" insertion arm, N=208) or at the end ("delayed" insertion arm, N=206) of a 3-month study period. Participants were tested for PSA at baseline and two follow-up study visits and were asked about their sexual activity and condom use. Results: At baseline, 24.9% of women tested positive for PSA. At both follow-up visits, the prevalence of PSA detection did not significantly differ between the immediate versus delayed insertion arm [1-month: 26.1% vs. 20.2%, prevalence ratio (PR)=1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.9-1.9; 3-month: 25.6% vs. 23.1%, PR= 1.1, 95% CI=0.8-1.6]. The change in PSA positivity over the three study visits was not significantly larger in the immediate arm compared to the delayed arm (1-sided p-value of.15). Conclusions: Contraceptive implants can be successfully introduced into a population at high risk of unintended pregnancy and STIs without a biologically detectable difference in unprotected sex in the short term. This information strengthens the evidence to support promotion of implants in such populations and can help refine counseling for promoting and maintaining use of condoms among women who choose to use implants. Implications: Sex unprotected by a condom was not higher over 3 months in women receiving a contraceptive implant, compared with those not receiving the implant. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rattray, Carole; Medley-Singh, Natalie; Snead, Margaret C.] Univ Hosp West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. [Wiener, Jeffrey; Legardy-Williams, Jennifer; Pazol, Karen; Jamieson, Denise J.; Warner, Lee; Kourtis, Athena P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Costenbader, Elizabeth; Steiner, Markus J.] Family Hlth Int FHI 360, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Gallo, Maria F.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hylton-Kong, Tina] Minist Hlth, Epidemiol Res & Training Unit, Kingston, Jamaica. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov FU CDC, United States Agency for International Development, Family Health International (FHI 360) [CA/GPO-A-00-05-00022] FX The study is supported by the CDC, United States Agency for International Development, Family Health International (FHI 360) cooperative agreement, CA/GPO-A-00-05-00022. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2015 VL 92 IS 6 BP 560 EP 566 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.06.009 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CX2WC UT WOS:000365556500008 PM 26079469 ER PT J AU Arriola, CS Nelson, DI Deliberto, TJ Blanton, L Kniss, K Levine, MZ Trock, SC Finelli, L Jhung, MA AF Arriola, Carmen S. Nelson, Deborah I. Deliberto, Thomas J. Blanton, Lenee Kniss, Krista Levine, Min Z. Trock, Susan C. Finelli, Lyn Jhung, Michael A. CA H5 Invest Grp TI Infection Risk for Persons Exposed to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H5 Virus-Infected Birds, United States, December 2014-March 2015 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POULTRY WORKERS; CHINA; OUTBREAKS; HUMANS; H7N9 AB Newly emerged highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A H5 viruses have caused outbreaks among birds in the United States. These viruses differ genetically from HPAI H5 viruses that previously caused human illness, most notably in Asia and Africa. To assess the risk for animal-to-human HPAI H5 virus transmission in the United States, we determined the number of persons with self-reported exposure to infected birds, the number with an acute respiratory infection (ARI) during a 10-day postexposure period, and the number with ARI who tested positive for influenza by real-time reverse transcription PCR or serologic testing for each outbreak during December 15, 2014 March 31, 2015. During 60 outbreaks in 13 states, a total of 164 persons were exposed to infected birds. ARI developed in 5 of these persons within 10 days of exposure. H5 influenza virus infection was not identified in any persons with ARI, suggesting a low risk for animal-to-human HPAI H5 virus transmission. C1 [Arriola, Carmen S.; Blanton, Lenee; Kniss, Krista; Levine, Min Z.; Trock, Susan C.; Finelli, Lyn; Jhung, Michael A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Nelson, Deborah I.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Deliberto, Thomas J.] USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Arriola, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A32, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM wus3@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2135 EP 2140 DI 10.3201/eid2112.150904 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CX1MT UT WOS:000365461000004 PM 26583382 ER PT J AU Refaey, S Azziz-Baumgartner, E Amin, MM Fahim, M Roguski, K Abd Elaziz, HA Iuliano, AD Salah, N Uyeki, TM Lindstrom, S Davis, CT Eid, A Genedy, M Kandeel, A AF Refaey, Samir Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo Amin, Marwa Mohamed Fahim, Manal Roguski, Katherine Abd Elaziz, Hanaa Abu Elsood Iuliano, A. Danielle Salah, Noha Uyeki, Timothy M. Lindstrom, Steven Davis, Charles Todd Eid, Alaa Genedy, Mohamed Kandeel, Amr TI Increased Number of Human Cases of Influenza Virus A(H5N1) Infection, Egypt, 2014-15 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACTIVITY WORLDWIDE; RISK-FACTORS; H5N1 VIRUS; EMERGENCE; POULTRY AB During November 2014 April 2015, a total of 165 case-patients with influenza virus A(H5N1) infection, including 6 clusters and 51 deaths, were identified in Egypt. Among infected persons, 99% reported poultry exposure: 19% to ill poultry and 35% to dead poultry. Only 1 person reported wearing personal protective equipment while working with poultry. C1 [Refaey, Samir] Egyptian Minist Hlth, Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance & Field Epidemiol Tr, Cairo, Egypt. [Amin, Marwa Mohamed; Fahim, Manal; Abd Elaziz, Hanaa Abu Elsood; Salah, Noha; Eid, Alaa; Genedy, Mohamed; Kandeel, Amr] Egyptian Minist Hlth, Cairo, Egypt. [Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo; Roguski, Katherine; Iuliano, A. Danielle; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Lindstrom, Steven; Davis, Charles Todd] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Azziz-Baumgartner, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A32, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM eha9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC-RFA-IP09-90204CONT12] FX The surveillance systems that yielded data for this investigation were partially funded through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cooperative agreement CDC-RFA-IP09-90204CONT12. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2171 EP 2173 DI 10.3201/eid2112.150885 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CX1MT UT WOS:000365461000012 PM 26584397 ER PT J AU Al Hammadi, ZM Chu, DKW Eltahir, YM Al Hosani, F Al Mulla, M Tarnini, W Hall, AJ Perera, RAPM Abdelkhalek, MM Peiris, JSM Al Muhairi, SS Poon, LLM AF Al Hammadi, Zulaikha M. Chu, Daniel K. W. Eltahir, Yassir M. Al Hosani, Farida Al Mulla, Mariam Tarnini, Wasim Hall, Aron J. Perera, Ranawaka A. P. M. Abdelkhalek, Mohamed M. Peiris, J. S. M. Al Muhairi, Salama S. Poon, Leo L. M. TI Asymptomatic MERS-CoV Infection in Humans Possibly Linked to Infected Dromedaries Imported from Oman to United Arab Emirates, May 2015 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS; SAUDI-ARABIA; CAMELS; OUTBREAK AB In May 2015 in United Arab Emirates, asymptomatic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection was identified through active case finding in 2 men with exposure to infected dromedaries. Epidemiologic and virologic findings suggested zoonotic transmission. Genetic sequences for viruses from the men and camels were similar to those for viruses recently detected in other countries. C1 [Al Hammadi, Zulaikha M.; Eltahir, Yassir M.; Abdelkhalek, Mohamed M.; Al Muhairi, Salama S.] Abu Dhabi Food Control Author, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Chu, Daniel K. W.] Univ Hong Kong, Influenza Res Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Perera, Ranawaka A. P. M.; Peiris, J. S. M.; Poon, Leo L. M.] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Al Hosani, Farida; Al Mulla, Mariam; Tarnini, Wasim] Hlth Author Abu Dhabi, Dept Communicable Dis, Publ Hlth & Res, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Hall, Aron J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Al Muhairi, SS (reprint author), Abu Dhabi Food Control Author, Vet Labs Div, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. EM salama.almuhairi@adfca.ae; llmpoon@hku.hk RI Perera, Ranawaka A.P.M/N-8263-2015 OI Perera, Ranawaka A.P.M/0000-0003-3936-1535 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health [N272201400006C]; Area of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [AoE/M-12/06] FX The sequence analyses and serologic work were partly funded by a research contract from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (contract no. N272201400006C), and by a grant from Area of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (no. AoE/M-12/06). NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2197 EP 2200 DI 10.3201/eid2112.151132 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CX1MT UT WOS:000365461000019 PM 26584223 ER PT J AU Gignoux, E Idowu, R Bawo, L Hurum, L Sprecher, A Bastard, M Porten, K AF Gignoux, Etienne Idowu, Rachel Bawo, Luke Hurum, Lindis Sprecher, Armand Bastard, Mathieu Porten, Klaudia TI Use of Capture-Recapture to Estimate Underreporting of Ebola Virus Disease, Montserrado County, Liberia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID LEISHMANIASIS; OUTBREAK C1 [Gignoux, Etienne; Bastard, Mathieu; Porten, Klaudia] Epictr, Paris, France. [Idowu, Rachel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bawo, Luke] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Monrovia, Liberia. [Hurum, Lindis; Sprecher, Armand] Medecins Sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium. RP Gignoux, E (reprint author), Medecins Sans Frontieres, 78 Rue Lausanne,CP 116, CH-1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland. EM etienne.gignoux@geneva.msf.org NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2265 EP 2267 DI 10.3201/eid2112.150756 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CX1MT UT WOS:000365461000043 PM 26583831 ER PT J AU Wacharapluesadee, S Olival, KJ Kanchanasaka, B Duengkae, P Kaewchot, S Srongmongkol, P Ieamsaard, G Maneeorn, P Sittidetboripat, N Kaewpom, T Petcharat, S Yingsakmongkon, S Rollin, PE Towner, JS Hemachudha, T AF Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn Olival, Kevin J. Kanchanasaka, Budsabong Duengkae, Prateep Kaewchot, Supakarn Srongmongkol, Phimchanok Ieamsaard, Gittiyaporn Maneeorn, Patarapol Sittidetboripat, Nuntaporn Kaewpom, Thongchai Petcharat, Sininat Yingsakmongkon, Sangchai Rollin, Pierre E. Towner, Jonathan S. Hemachudha, Thiravat TI Surveillance for Ebola Virus in Wildlife, Thailand SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID FRUIT BATS; CHINA C1 [Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn; Sittidetboripat, Nuntaporn; Kaewpom, Thongchai; Petcharat, Sininat; Yingsakmongkon, Sangchai; Hemachudha, Thiravat] Chulalongkorn Univ, King Chulalongkorn Mem Hosp, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn; Sittidetboripat, Nuntaporn; Kaewpom, Thongchai; Petcharat, Sininat; Yingsakmongkon, Sangchai; Hemachudha, Thiravat] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Med, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Olival, Kevin J.] EcoHlth Alliance, New York, NY USA. [Kanchanasaka, Budsabong; Kaewchot, Supakarn; Srongmongkol, Phimchanok; Ieamsaard, Gittiyaporn; Maneeorn, Patarapol] Dept Natl Pk, Bangkok, Thailand. [Duengkae, Prateep] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Forestry, Bangkok, Thailand. [Rollin, Pierre E.; Towner, Jonathan S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wacharapluesadee, S (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ, World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Res & Training V, King Chulalongkorn Mem Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM spwa@hotmail.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2271 EP 2273 DI 10.3201/eid2112.150860 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CX1MT UT WOS:000365461000046 PM 26584224 ER PT J AU McQuiston, J Connolly, J AF McQuiston, Jennifer Connolly, John TI The Politics and Crisis Management of Animal Health Security SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Hardware Review C1 [McQuiston, Jennifer] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30327 USA. RP McQuiston, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D25, Atlanta, GA 30327 USA. EM fzh7@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2281 EP 2281 DI 10.3201/eid2112.151507 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CX1MT UT WOS:000365461000051 ER PT J AU Breedlove, B Arguin, PM AF Breedlove, Byron Arguin, Paul M. TI Anthropomorphism to Zoonoses: Two Inevitable Consequences of Human-Animal Relationships SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Breedlove, Byron; Arguin, Paul M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Breedlove, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C19, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM wbbl@cdc.gov OI Breedlove, Byron/0000-0002-1026-1963 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2282 EP 2283 DI 10.3201/eid2112.AC2112 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CX1MT UT WOS:000365461000052 ER PT J AU Heffernan, AL Baduel, C Toms, LML Calafat, AM Ye, X Hobson, P Broomhall, S Mueller, JF AF Heffernan, A. L. Baduel, C. Toms, L. M. L. Calafat, A. M. Ye, X. Hobson, P. Broomhall, S. Mueller, J. F. TI Use of pooled samples to assess human exposure to parabens, benzophenone-3 and triclosan in Queensland, Australia SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Biomonitoring; Urine; Parabens; Personal care products; Population monitoring; Children ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; P-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; MALE REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; 9 ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOLS; A DIGLYCIDYL ETHERS; URINARY CONCENTRATIONS; BISPHENOL-A; PREGNANT-WOMEN; UNITED-STATES AB Parabens, benzophenone-3 and tticlosan are ccimmon ingredients used as preservatives, ultraviolet radiation filters and antimicrobial agents, respectively. Human exposure occurs through consumption of processed food and use of cosmetics and consumer products. The aim of this study was to provide a preliminary characterisation of exposure to selected personal care product chemicals in the general Australian population. De-identified urine specimens stratified by age and sex were obtained from a community-based pathology laboratory and pooled (n = 24 pools of 100). Concentrations of free and total.(sum of free plus conjugated) species of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl paraben, benzophenone-3 and triclosan were quantified using isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry; with geometric means 232, 33.5, 60.6, 4.32, 61.5 and 87.7 ng/mL, respectively. Age was inversely associated with paraben concentration, and females had concentrations approximately two times higher than males. Total paraben and benzophenone-3 concentrations are significantly higher than reported worldwide, and the average triclosan concentration was more than one order of magnitude higher than in many other populations. This study provides the first data on exposure of the general Australian population to a range of common personal care product chemical ingredients, which appears to be prevalent and warrants further investigation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Heffernan, A. L.; Baduel, C.; Mueller, J. F.] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Toms, L. M. L.] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Work, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Toms, L. M. L.] Social Work & Inst Hlth & Biomed Innovat, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Calafat, A. M.; Ye, X.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hobson, P.] Sullivan Nicolaides Pathol Taringa, Taringa, Qld, Australia. [Broomhall, S.] Dept Environm, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Heffernan, AL (reprint author), Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. EM amy.heffeman@uqconnect.edu.au; c.baduel@uq.edu.au; Jeisamaree.toms@qut.edu.au; aic7@cdc.gov; xay5@cdc.gov; Peter_Hobson@snp.com.au; Sara.Broomhall@environment.gov.au; j.mueller@uq.edu.au RI Heffernan, Amy/F-8490-2014; Mueller, Jochen/C-6241-2008; Baduel, Christine/H-4066-2016; OI Heffernan, Amy/0000-0003-3338-8542; Mueller, Jochen/0000-0002-0000-1973 FU ARC DECRA [DE120100161]; ARC Future Fellowship; Australian Government Department of the Environment FX The authors wish to thank Soumini Vijayasarathy, Andrew Banks, Beatrix Fletcher, Nhung Dang and the staff at Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology Taringa for assistance with sample collection and pooling. We also gratefully acknowledge Xiaoliu Zhou, Tao Jia, and Joshua Kramer for technical assistance in measuring the urinary concentrations of the phenols and parabens. LMLT is funded by an ARC DECRA (DE120100161). JFM is funded by an ARC Future Fellowship. The authors would like to thank the Australian Government Department of the Environment for their financial support, and for allowing access to the submitted report entitled "Chemical Monitoring Initiative: Australian human blood sample collection and chemical testing". The authors declare no conflict of interest. Entox is a joint venture of the University of Queensland and the Queensland Department of Health. Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC or the views of the Australian Department of the Environment. NR 83 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 85 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.001 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX0CF UT WOS:000365363800009 PM 26368661 ER PT J AU Gaspar, FW Harley, KG Kogut, K Chevrier, J Mora, AM Sjodin, A Eskenazi, B AF Gaspar, Fraser W. Harley, Kim G. Kogut, Katherine Chevrier, Jonathan Maria Mora, Ana Sjoedin, Andreas Eskenazi, Brenda TI Prenatal DDT and DDE exposure and child IQ in the CHAMACOS cohort SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Cognitive development; Environmental exposures; Persistent organic pollutants; Children's health; Back-extrapolation ID IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; DICHLORODIPHENYL-DICHLOROETHYLENE DDE; SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; INTELLECTUAL FUNCTION; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; P,P'-DDE EXPOSURE; HOME-ENVIRONMENT; LEAD-EXPOSURE; HUMAN-SERUM AB Although banned in most countries, dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) continues tote used for vector control in some malaria endemic areas. Previous findings from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) cohort study found increased prenatal levels of DDT and its breakdown product dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) to be associated with altered neurodevelopment in children at 1 and 2 years of age. In this study, we combined the measured maternal DDT/E concentrations during pregnancy obtained for the prospective birth cohort with predicted prenatal DDT and DDE levels estimated for a retrospective birth cohort. Using generalized estimating equation (GEE) and linear regression models, we,evaluated the relationship of prenatal maternal. DDT and DDE serum concentrations with children's cognition at ages 7 and 10.5 years as assessed using the Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and 4 subtest scores (Working Memory, Perceptual Reasoning, Verbal Comprehension, and Processing Speed) of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). In GEE analyses incorporating both age 7 and 10.5 scores (n = 619), we found prenatal DDT and DDE levels were not associated with Full Scale IQ or any of the WISC subscales (p-value > 0.05). In linear regression analyses assessing each time point separately, prenatal DDT levels were inversely associated with Processing Speed at age 7 years (n = 316), but prenatal DDT and DDE levels were not associated with Full Scale IQ or any of the WISC subscales at age 10.5 years (n = 595). We found evidence for effect modification by sex. In girls, but not boys, prenatal DDE levels were inversely associated with Full Scale IQ and Processing Speed at age 7 years. We conclude that prenatal DDT levels may be associated with delayed Processing Speed in children at age 7 years and the relationship between prenatal DDE levels and children's cognitive development may be modified by sex, with girls being more adversely affected. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gaspar, Fraser W.; Harley, Kim G.; Kogut, Katherine; Maria Mora, Ana; Eskenazi, Brenda] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, CERCH, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chevrier, Jonathan] McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Maria Mora, Ana] Univ Nacl, Cent Amer Inst Studies Tox Subst IRET, Heredia, Costa Rica. [Sjoedin, Andreas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, CERCH, 1995 Univ Ave Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eskenazi@berkeley.edu OI Mora, Ana Maria/0000-0002-2008-9714 FU National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) [P01 ES0009605, R01ES017054, R01ES015572]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [R82670901, RD83171001, RD83451301] FX We thank the CHAMACOS staff, students, community partners, and participants and families, as well as Nina Holland PhD and biorepository staff for their assistance in specimen management and Asa Bradman PhD for his contribution in formulating the study design and methods. Support for this research was provided by the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) grant numbers: P01 ES0009605, R01ES017054, and R01ES015572; and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) grant numbers: R82670901, RD83171001, and RD83451301. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the funders. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 85 BP 206 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX0CF UT WOS:000365363800022 PM 26414943 ER PT J AU Miranda, ML Anthopolos, R Wolkin, A Stapleton, HM AF Miranda, Marie Lynn Anthopolos, Rebecca Wolkin, Amy Stapleton, Heather M. TI Associations of birth outcomes with maternal polybrominated diphenyl ethers and thyroid hormones during pregnancy SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Birth outcomes; Birth weight; Head circumference; Infant length; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Thyroid hormone ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD; INFANT HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; IN-VITRO; TYPE-3 DEIODINASE; GESTATIONAL-AGE; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; MISSING DATA; BREAST-MILK AB Background: Previous research has linked polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure to poor birth outcomes and altered thyroid hormone levels. Objectives: We examined whether maternal PBDE serum levels were associated with infant birth weight (g), head circumference (cm), birth length (cm), and birth weight percentile for gestational age. We explored the potential for a mediating role of thyroid hormone levels. Methods: During 2008-2010, we recruited 140 pregnant women in their third trimester as part of a larger clinical obstetrics study known as Healthy Pregnancy, Healthy Baby. Blood samples were collected during a routine prenatal clinic visit Serum was analyzed for PBDEs, phenolic metabolites, and thyroid hormones. Birth outcome information was abstracted from medical records. Results: In unadjusted models, a two-fold increase in maternal BDE 153 was associated with an average decrease in head circumference of 032 cm (95% CI: -0.53, -0.12); however, this association was attenuated after control for maternal risk factors. BDE 47 and 99 were similarly negatively associated but with 95% confidence intervals crossing the null. Associations were unchanged in the presence of thyroid hormones. Conclusions: Our data suggest a potential deleterious association between maternal PBDE levels and infant head circumference; however, confirmatory studies are needed in larger sample sizes. A mediating role of thyroid hormones was not apparent. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Miranda, Marie Lynn; Anthopolos, Rebecca] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Miranda, Marie Lynn] Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Miranda, Marie Lynn] Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wolkin, Amy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Stapleton, Heather M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Miranda, ML (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St,2046 Dana Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mlmirand@umich.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83329301]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01 ES016099]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RD-83329301). H.M.S. was also partially supported by grant R01 ES016099 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and by funds from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The article's contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the state and city health departments of the authors. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 85 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.015 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX0CF UT WOS:000365363800026 PM 26431883 ER PT J AU Goodman, MT Saraiya, M Thompson, TD Steinau, M Hernandez, BY Lynch, CF Lyu, CW Wilkinson, EJ Tucker, T Copeland, G Peters, ES Altekruse, S Unger, ER AF Goodman, Marc T. Saraiya, Mona Thompson, Trevor D. Steinau, Martin Hernandez, Brenda Y. Lynch, Charles F. Lyu, Christopher W. Wilkinson, Edward J. Tucker, Thomas Copeland, Glenn Peters, Edward S. Altekruse, Sean Unger, Elizabeth R. TI Human papillomavirus genotype and oropharynx cancer survival in the United States of America SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE Cancer of the oropharynx; Human papillomavirus; Archived tissue; Cancer registry; Survival ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; PHASE-III TRIAL; NECK-CANCER; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; VACCINE INTRODUCTION; ORAL-CAVITY; HPV STATUS; HEAD; PREVALENCE; WORLDWIDE AB Background: The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) tissue appears to be a strong predictor of improved prognosis, but this observation has not been explored in a population-based sample with generalisable findings. Methods: Follow-up data from a large sample of OPSCC patients identified through six population-based cancer registries in the United States of America (USA) were used to characterise the association of tumour HPV status with survival. Results: HPV DNA was detected in tumour tissue from 71% (378 in 529) of the OPSCC patients. A total of 65% of patients with HPV16-associated tumours survived 5 years compared to 46% of patients with other HPV types and 28% of patients with HPV-negative tumours (p log-rank test < 0.0001). The OPSCC patients with detectable HPV16 DNA had a 62% reduced hazard of death at 5 years, and patients with other HPV types had a 42% reduced hazard of death at 5 years compared to HPV-negative patients. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks with OPSCC had a 2.6-fold greater risk of death at 5 years after adjustment for HPV status and other prognostic variables. Both surgery and radiation therapy were associated with a reduced 5-year risk of death, but no evidence was found for an interaction between HPV status and radiotherapy or surgery on survival time. Conclusions: Data from this US study suggest that HPV16-positive OPSCC patients survive longer than HPV-negative patients regardless of treatment, highlighting the prognostic importance of HPV status for this malignancy. Optimal treatment regimens for OPSCC could be tailored to each patient's HPV status and prognostic profile. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Goodman, Marc T.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Canc Prevent & Control Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehens Canc Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Saraiya, Mona; Thompson, Trevor D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Steinau, Martin; Unger, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hernandez, Brenda Y.] Univ Hawaii, Ctr Canc, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lynch, Charles F.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Lyu, Christopher W.] Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC USA. [Wilkinson, Edward J.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med, Gainesville, FL USA. [Tucker, Thomas] Univ Kentucky, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Lexington, KY USA. [Copeland, Glenn] Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. [Peters, Edward S.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA USA. [Altekruse, Sean] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Rockville, MD USA. RP Goodman, MT (reprint author), Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, 8700 Beverly Blvd,Suite 1S37, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. EM marc.goodman@cshs.org; msaraiya@cdc.gov OI /0000-0003-4928-6532 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U58 DP000810, 5U58DP000812-5, U58 DP000769, 5U58DP000810-5, 5U58DP000844-5, U58 DP000812, U58 DP000844, 5U58DP000769-5]; NCI NIH HHS [N01-PC-35137, N01-PC-35143, N01PC35137, R01 CA077318, P30 CA071789, P30 CA086862, N01 PC035137, N01PC35143] NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-8049 EI 1879-0852 J9 EUR J CANCER JI Eur. J. Cancer PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 18 BP 2759 EP 2767 DI 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.09.005 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CX3UI UT WOS:000365624500005 PM 26602016 ER PT J AU Courtenay-Quirk, C Date, A Bachanas, R Baggaley, R Getahun, H Nelson, L Granich, R AF Courtenay-Quirk, C. Date, A. Bachanas, R. Baggaley, R. Getahun, H. Nelson, L. Granich, R. TI Expanding human immunodeficiency virus testing and counseling to reach tuberculosis clients' partners and families SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE highly active antiretroviral therapy; TB-HIV integration; TB; HIV serodiagnosis ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV; PREVENTION; COUPLES AB Recent years have shown important increases in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and counseling (HTC), diagnosis, and coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients. Expansion of HTC for partners and families are critical next steps to increase earlier HIV diagnoses and access to ART, and to achieve international goals for reduced TB and HIV-related morbidity, mortality, transmission and costs. TB and HIV programs should develop and evaluate feasible and effective strategies to increase access to HTC among the partners and families of TB patients, and ensure that newly diagnosed people living with HIV and HIV-infected TB patients who complete anti-tuberculosis treatment are successfully linked to ongoing HIV clinical care. C1 [Courtenay-Quirk, C.; Date, A.; Bachanas, R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Baggaley, R.; Getahun, H.; Nelson, L.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Granich, R.] Int Assoc Providers AIDS Care, Washington, DC USA. RP Courtenay-Quirk, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ccourtenayquirk@cdc.gov FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR, Washington DC) through the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA) FX This work has been supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR, Washington DC) through the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA). The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US CDC, the World Health Organization or UNAIDS. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 EI 1815-7920 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1414 EP 1416 DI 10.5588/ijtld.15.0007 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA CX6UL UT WOS:000365837100004 PM 26614180 ER PT J AU Pagaoa, MA Royce, RA Chen, MP Golub, JE Davidow, AL Hirsch-Moverman, Y Marks, SM Teeter, LD Thickstun, PM Katz, DJ AF Pagaoa, M. A. Royce, R. A. Chen, M. P. Golub, J. E. Davidow, A. L. Hirsch-Moverman, Y. Marks, S. M. Teeter, L. D. Thickstun, P. M. Katz, D. J. CA TB Epidemiologic Studies Consortiu TI Risk factors for transmission of tuberculosis among United States-born African Americans and Whites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE epidemiologic factors; contact tracing; infection ID NEW-YORK-CITY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CONTACT INVESTIGATIONS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SAN-FRANCISCO; POPULATION; INFECTION; MODEL; PREVALENCE AB SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) patients and their contacts enrolled in nine states and the District of Columbia from 16 December 2009 to 31 March 2011. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate characteristics of TB patients that are predictive of tuberculous infection in their close contacts. DESIGN: The study population was enrolled from a list of eligible African-American and White TB patients from the TB registry at each site. Information about close contacts was abstracted from the standard reports of each site. RESULTS: Close contacts of African-American TB patients had twice the risk of infection of contacts of White patients (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 2.1, 95%CI 1.3-3.4). Close contacts of patients whose sputum was positive for acid-fast bacilli on sputum smear microscopy had 1.6 times the risk of tuberculous infection compared to contacts of smear-negative patients (95%CI 1.1-2.3). TB patients with longer (>3 months) estimated times to diagnosis did not have higher proportions of infected contacts (aRR 1.2, 95%CI 0.9-1.6). CONCLUSION: African-American race and sputum smear positivity were predictive of tuberculous infection in close contacts. This study did not support previous findings that longer estimated time to diagnosis predicted tuberculous infection in contacts. C1 [Pagaoa, M. A.; Chen, M. P.; Marks, S. M.; Katz, D. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Royce, R. A.] RTI Int, Durham, NC USA. [Golub, J. E.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Davidow, A. L.] Rutgers, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ USA. [Hirsch-Moverman, Y.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Teeter, L. D.] Houston Methodist Res Inst, Houston, TX USA. [Thickstun, P. M.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. RP Pagaoa, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS-D18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mpagaoa@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), TBESC FX This research was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), TBESC. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 EI 1815-7920 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1485 EP 1492 DI 10.5588/ijtld.14.0965 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA CX6UL UT WOS:000365837100014 PM 26614190 ER PT J AU Ringwalt, C Shanahan, M Wodarski, S Jones, J Schaffer, D Fusaro, A Paulozzi, L Garrettson, M Ford, M AF Ringwalt, Chris Shanahan, Meghan Wodarski, Stephanie Jones, Jennifer Schaffer, Danielle Fusaro, Angela Paulozzi, Len Garrettson, Mariana Ford, Marsha TI A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT INTERVENTION FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NONCANCER PAIN SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chronic noncancer pain; frequent visitors; emergency departments ID FREQUENT USERS; UNITED-STATES; ED USERS; CARE; MISUSE; RATES AB Background: Emergency Departments (EDs) are beginning to notify their physicians of patients reporting chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) who frequent EDs, and are suggesting that the physicians not prescribe opioids to these patients. Objectives: We hypothesized that this intervention would reduce both the number of opioids prescribed to these patients by their ED physicians and the number of these patients' return visits to the ED. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of this intervention in 13 electronically linked EDs. Patients eligible for the study were characterized by CNCP, lacked evidence of sickle cell anemia and suicide ideation, and made frequent (>10) visits to the EDs over a 12-month period. We randomly assigned 411 of these patients to either an intervention group or a control group. Our intervention comprised both an alert placed in eligible patients' medical files and letters sent to the patients and their community-based providers. The alert suggested that physicians decline requests for opioid analgesic prescriptions and instead refer these patients to community-based providers to manage their ongoing pain. Results: During the 12 months after randomization, patients in the intervention and control groups averaged 11.9 and 16.6 return visits, and received prescriptions for opioids on 16% and 26% of those visits, respectively. Altogether, patients in the intervention group made 1033 fewer return visits to the EDs in the follow-up year than those in the control group. Conclusion: This intervention constitutes a promising practice that EDs should consider to reduce the number of visits made by frequent visitors with CNCP. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ringwalt, Chris; Shanahan, Meghan; Jones, Jennifer; Garrettson, Mariana] Univ N Carolina, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Wodarski, Stephanie; Schaffer, Danielle; Fusaro, Angela; Ford, Marsha] Carolinas Med Ctr, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. [Paulozzi, Len] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ringwalt, C (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Campus Box 7505, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [BAA 2011-N-13277, CDC 200-2011-39651] FX This project was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under contract #BAA 2011-N-13277 (grant number: CDC 200-2011-39651). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 EI 1090-1280 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 BP 974 EP 983 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.03.004 PG 10 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA CX0TC UT WOS:000365408800038 PM 26423915 ER PT J AU Harrison-Felix, C Pretz, C Hammond, FM Cuthbert, JP Bell, J Corrigan, J Miller, AC Haarbauer-Krupa, J AF Harrison-Felix, Cynthia Pretz, Christopher Hammond, Flora M. Cuthbert, Jeffrey P. Bell, Jeneita Corrigan, John Miller, A. Cate Haarbauer-Krupa, Juliet TI Life Expectancy after Inpatient Rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States SO JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA LA English DT Article DE brain injury; chronic; life expectancy; mortality; rehabilitation ID SYSTEMS NATIONAL DATABASE; MODEL SYSTEMS; LATE MORTALITY; HEAD-INJURY; POPULATION; REPRESENTATIVENESS; RISK; CARE AB This study characterized life expectancy after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) National Database (NDB) was weighted to represent those 16 years of age completing inpatient rehabilitation for TBI in the United States (US) between 2001 and 2010. Analyses included Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs), Cox regression, and life expectancy. The US mortality rates by age, sex, race, and cause of death for 2005 and 2010 were used for comparison purposes. Results indicated that a total of 1325 deaths occurred in the weighted cohort of 6913 individuals. Individuals with TBI were 2.23 times more likely to die than individuals of comparable age, sex, and race in the general population, with a reduced average life expectancy of 9 years. Independent risk factors for death were: older age, male gender, less-than-high school education, previously married at injury, not employed at injury, more recent year of injury, fall-related TBI, not discharged home after rehabilitation, less functional independence, and greater disability. Individuals with TBI were at greatest risk of death from seizures; accidental poisonings; sepsis; aspiration pneumonia; respiratory, mental/behavioral, or nervous system conditions; and other external causes of injury and poisoning, compared with individuals in the general population of similar age, gender, and race. This study confirms prior life expectancy study findings, and provides evidence that the TBIMS NDB is representative of the larger population of adults receiving inpatient rehabilitation for TBI in the US. There is an increased risk of death for individuals with TBI requiring inpatient rehabilitation. C1 [Harrison-Felix, Cynthia; Pretz, Christopher; Cuthbert, Jeffrey P.] Craig Hosp, Res Dept, Englewood, CO 80113 USA. [Hammond, Flora M.] Rehabil Hosp Indiana, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Bell, Jeneita; Haarbauer-Krupa, Juliet] Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Traumat Brain Injury Team, Hlth Syst & Trauma Syst Branch, Div Unintent Injury Prevent,Ctr Dis Control & Pre, Atlanta, GA USA. [Corrigan, John] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Miller, A. Cate] US DOE, Natl Inst Disabil & Rehabil Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Harrison-Felix, C (reprint author), Craig Hosp, Res Dept, 3425 S Clarkson St, Englewood, CO 80113 USA. EM CHarrison-Felix@craighospital.org FU US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); US Department of Education's Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, NIDRR; NIDRR [H133A110006]; Traumatic Brain Injury Model System Center from NIDRR [H133A120086, H133A120035] FX This research was supported by an interagency agreement between the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the US Department of Education's Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, NIDRR. Supplemental funding was provided to the NIDRR-funded Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Data and Statistical Center (grant no. H133A110006). The research was also supported by Traumatic Brain Injury Model System Center grants from NIDRR to Ohio State University (grant no. H133A120086) and Indiana University (grant no. H133A120035). This article does not reflect the official policy or opinions of the CDC or the US Department of HHS and does not constitute an endorsement of the individuals or their programs - by CDC, HHS, or other components of the federal government - and none should be inferred. No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors or upon any organization with which the authors are associated. This article is written in Dr. Miller's official capacity as part of the national conversation on education and does not necessarily represent the official views of the US Department of Education. The TBI Model Systems National Database is supported by NIDRR and created and maintained by the TBI Model Systems Centers Program. However, these contents do not necessarily reflect the opinions or views of the TBI Model Systems Centers, NIDRR or the US Department of Education. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0897-7151 EI 1557-9042 J9 J NEUROTRAUM JI J. Neurotrauma PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 32 IS 23 SI SI BP 1893 EP 1901 DI 10.1089/neu.2014.3353 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA CX4TW UT WOS:000365694200006 PM 25057965 ER PT J AU Bai, Y Rizzo, MF Alvarez, D Moran, D Peruski, LF Kosoy, M AF Bai, Ying Rizzo, Maria Fernanda Alvarez, Danilo Moran, David Peruski, Leonard F. Kosoy, Michael TI Coexistence of Bartonella henselae and B-clarridgeiae in populations of cats and their fleas in Guatemala SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cats; cat fleas; Bartonella; B. henselae; B. clarridgeiae; Guatemala ID RNA GENE TYPES; DOMESTIC CATS; SCRATCH DISEASE; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; LYMPHADENOPATHY; BACTEREMIA; ANTIBODIES; RODENTS AB Cats and their fleas collected in Guatemala were investigated for the presence of Bartonella infections. Bartonella bacteria were cultured from 8.2% (13/159) of cats, and all cultures were identified as B. henselae. Molecular analysis allowed detection of Bartonella DNA in 33.8% (48/142) of cats and in 22.4% (34/152) of cat fleas using gltA, nuoG, and 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer targets. Two Bartonella species, B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae, were identified in cats and cat fleas by molecular analysis, with B. henselae being more common than B. clarridgeiae in the cats (68.1%; 32/47 vs 31.9%; 15/47). The nuoG was found to be less sensitive for detecting B. clarridgeiae compared with other molecular targets and could detect only two of the 15 B. clarridgeiae-infected cats. No significant differences were observed for prevalence between male and female cats and between different age groups. No evident association was observed between the presence of Bartonella species in cats and in their fleas. C1 [Bai, Ying; Rizzo, Maria Fernanda; Kosoy, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Alvarez, Danilo; Moran, David] Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Estudios Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Peruski, Leonard F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cent Amer Reg Off, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Bai, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM bby5@cdc.gov FU U.S. CDC Global Disease Detection program FX This study was supported by the U.S. CDC Global Disease Detection program. We thank the staff from local pet clinics for helping to collect samples. The protocol for collecting blood samples from cats was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (UVG) (approval number I-2013-8). NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 EI 1948-7134 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 40 IS 2 BP 327 EP 332 DI 10.1111/jvec.12171 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA CX5DF UT WOS:000365721100016 PM 26611968 ER PT J AU Anstey, NM Auburn, S Baird, JK Battle, KE Bobogare, A Chancellor, A Chasombat, S Cheng, Q Domingo, GJ Drakeley, CJ Drukpa, T Dysoley, L Espino, FE Gething, PW Ghimire, P Gosling, RD Grewal-Daumerie, P Hay, SI Howes, RE Hwang, J Karim, J Khan, WA Kim, JY Ley, B Mannion, K McCarthy, J Keong, WM Mueller, I Namgay, R Price, RN Qi, G Rebueno, M Reeder, J Richards, J Sattabongkot-Prachumsri, J Shanks, GD Sibley, CH Surya, A Taleo, G Thang, D Thongpaseuth, V Thriemer, K Trimarsanto, H Vestergaard, LS von Seidelein, L Whittaker, M AF Anstey, Nicholas M. Auburn, Sarah Baird, J. Kevin Battle, Katherine E. Bobogare, Albino Chancellor, Arna Chasombat, Sanchai Cheng, Qin Domingo, Gonzalo J. Drakeley, Christopher J. Drukpa, Tobgyel Dysoley, Lek Esperanza Espino, Fe Gething, Peter W. Ghimire, Prakash Gosling, Roly D. Grewal-Daumerie, Penny Hay, Simon I. Howes, Rosalind E. Hwang, Jimee Karim, Jahirul Khan, Wasif Ali Kim, Jung-Yeon Ley, Benedikt Mannion, Kylie McCarthy, James Keong, Wan Ming Mueller, Ivo Namgay, Rinzin Price, Ric N. Qi, Gao Rebueno, Marvi Reeder, John Richards, Jack Sattabongkot-Prachumsri, Jetsumon Shanks, G. Dennis Sibley, Carol Hopkins Surya, Asik Taleo, George Ngo Duc Thang Thongpaseuth, Vonethalom Thriemer, Kamala Trimarsanto, Hidayat Vestergaard, Lasse S. von Seidelein, Lorenz Whittaker, Maxine CA Vivax Working Grp TI Targeting vivax malaria in the Asia Pacific: The Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network Vivax Working Group SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Plasmodium vivax; APMEN; Asia-Pacific; Elimination ID RESISTANT PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY; FALCIPARUM; INFECTIONS; TESTS; HYPNOZOITES; MORBIDITY; DIVERSITY; PREGNANCY; INDONESIA AB The Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network (APMEN) is a collaboration of 18 country partners committed to eliminating malaria from within their borders. Over the past 5 years, APMEN has helped to build the knowledge, tools and in-country technical expertise required to attain this goal. At its inaugural meeting in Brisbane in 2009, Plasmodium vivax infections were identified across the region as a common threat to this ambitious programme; the APMEN Vivax Working Group was established to tackle specifically this issue. The Working Group developed a four-stage strategy to identify knowledge gaps, build regional consensus on shared priorities, generate evidence and change practice to optimize malaria elimination activities. This case study describes the issues faced and the solutions found in developing this robust strategic partnership between national programmes and research partners within the Working Group. The success of the approach adopted by the group may facilitate similar applications in other regions seeking to deploy evidence-based policy and practice. C1 [Anstey, Nicholas M.; Auburn, Sarah; Ley, Benedikt; Mannion, Kylie; Price, Ric N.; Thriemer, Kamala] Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Global & Trop Hlth Div, Darwin, NT, Australia. [Anstey, Nicholas M.; Auburn, Sarah; Ley, Benedikt; Mannion, Kylie; Price, Ric N.; Thriemer, Kamala] Charles Darwin Univ, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Baird, J. Kevin] Eijkman Oxford Clin Res Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Baird, J. Kevin; Price, Ric N.] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England. [Battle, Katherine E.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Spatial Ecol & Epidemiol Grp, Oxford, England. [Chancellor, Arna; Whittaker, Maxine] Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Cheng, Qin] Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld, Australia. [Drakeley, Christopher J.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Immunol & Infect, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. [Dysoley, Lek] Natl Ctr Parasitol Entomol & Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Dysoley, Lek] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Esperanza Espino, Fe] Res Inst Trop Med, Dept Hlth, Manila, Philippines. [Gething, Peter W.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Spatial Ecol & Epidemiol Grp, Oxford, England. [Ghimire, Prakash] Tribhuvan Univ, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Ghimire, Prakash] WHO, Country Off Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Gosling, Roly D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Grewal-Daumerie, Penny] Med Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland. [Hay, Simon I.] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford, England. [Hay, Simon I.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hay, Simon I.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Howes, Rosalind E.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Spatial Ecol & Epidemiol Grp, Oxford, England. [Howes, Rosalind E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Global Hlth & Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Hwang, Jimee] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hwang, Jimee] Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Karim, Jahirul] Directorate Gen Hlth Serv, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Khan, Wasif Ali] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Ctr Vaccine Sci, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [McCarthy, James] QIMR Berghofer Med Res Inst, Herston, Qld, Australia. [McCarthy, James] Univ Queensland, Australia Sch Med, Herston, Qld, Australia. [Mueller, Ivo] Walter Eliza Hall Inst, Populat Hlth Immun Div, Parkville, Vic, Australia. [Mueller, Ivo] Barcelona Inst Global Hlth ISGLOBAL, Barcelona, Spain. [Namgay, Rinzin] Dept Publ Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Control Programme, Gelephu, Bhutan. [Qi, Gao] Jiangsu Inst Parasit Dis, Wuxi, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Rebueno, Marvi] Pilipinas Shell Fdn Inc, Movement Malaria, Manila, Philippines. [Reeder, John] Burnet Inst, Ctr Populat Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Reeder, John] Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Preventat Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Richards, Jack] Burnet Inst, Ctr Biomed Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Richards, Jack] Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Royal Melbourne Hosp, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Richards, Jack] Univ Melbourne, Victorian Infect Dis Serv, Peter Doherty Inst, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Sattabongkot-Prachumsri, Jetsumon] Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Mahidol Vivax Res Unit, Bangkok, Thailand. [Shanks, G. Dennis] Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld, Australia. [Shanks, G. Dennis] Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Herston, Qld, Australia. [Sibley, Carol Hopkins] WWARN, Oxford, England. [Sibley, Carol Hopkins] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Surya, Asik] Minist Hlth Republ Indonesia, Natl Malaria Control Program, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Ngo Duc Thang] Natl Inst Malariol Parasitol & Entomol, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Thongpaseuth, Vonethalom] Ctr Malariol Parasitol & Entomol, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Viangchan, Laos. [Trimarsanto, Hidayat] Eijkman Inst Mol Biol, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Vestergaard, Lasse S.] WHO, Reg Off Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. [von Seidelein, Lorenz] Mahidol Univ, Mahidol Oxford Trop Med Res Unit, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RP Anstey, NM (reprint author), Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Global & Trop Hlth Div, Darwin, NT, Australia. EM Nicholas.Anstey@menzies.edu.au; sarah.auburn@menzies.edu.au; kevin.baird@ndm.ox.ac.uk; katherine.battle@zoo.ox.ac.uk; Albino.Bobogare@simtri.gov.sb; a.chancellor@uq.edu.au; drsanchai@gmail.com; Qin.Cheng@defence.gov.au; gdomingo@path.org; Chris.Drakeley@lshtm.ac.uk; dtobgyel@gmail.com; soleycnm@gmail.com; fe.espino2012@gmail.com; peter.gething@zoo.ox.ac.uk; prakashghimire@hotmail.com; Roly.Gosling@ucsf.edu; grewalp@mmv.org; sihay@uw.edu; rosalind.howes@zoo.ox.ac.uk; Jimee.Hwang@ucsf.edu; jahirulkarim@gmail.com; wakhan@icddrb.org; creative-kim@daum.net; benedikt.ley@menzies.edu.au; kylie.mannion@menzies.edu.au; James.McCarthy@qimr.edu.au; wming@moh.gov.my; ivomueller@fastmail.fm; rinzin69@yahoo.com; rprice@menzies.edu.au; gaoqi54@hotmail.com; marvi_rebueno@yahoo.com; reederj@who.int; richards@burnet.edu.au; jetsumon.pra@mahidol.ac.th; Dennis.SHANKS@defence.gov.au; carol.sibley@wwarn.org; asiksurya@yahoo.com; gtaleo@vanuatu.gov.vu; thangnimpevn@yahoo.com; t.vonethalom@gmail.com; kamala.ley-thriemer@menzies.edu.au; anto@eijkman.go.id; vestergaardl@wpro.who.int; Lorenz@tropmedres.ac; m.whittaker@sph.uq.edu.au RI Hay, Simon/F-8967-2015; OI Hay, Simon/0000-0002-0611-7272; Price, Richard/0000-0003-2000-2874; Thriemer, Kamala/0000-0001-7536-7497; Trimarsanto, Hidayat/0000-0003-2436-8283; Gething, Peter/0000-0001-6759-5449 FU Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Malaria for Medicine Venture (MMV) FX Major funding for the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network (APMEN) Vivax Working Group (VxWG) is provided by the Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade alongside funds received from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Malaria for Medicine Venture (MMV). NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 484 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-0958-y PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CX6FB UT WOS:000365795500011 ER PT J AU Bennett, KL Wang, X Bystrom, CE Chambers, MC Andacht, TM Dangott, LJ Elortza, F Leszyk, J Molina, H Moritz, RL Phinney, BS Thompson, JW Bunger, MK Tabb, DL AF Bennett, Keiryn L. Wang, Xia Bystrom, Cory E. Chambers, Matthew C. Andacht, Tracy M. Dangott, Larry J. Elortza, Felix Leszyk, John Molina, Henrik Moritz, Robert L. Phinney, Brett S. Thompson, J. Will Bunger, Maureen K. Tabb, David L. TI The 2012/2013 ABRF Proteomic Research Group Study: Assessing Longitudinal Intralaboratory Variability in Routine Peptide Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analyses SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID LC-MS/MS; PERFORMANCE METRICS; REPRODUCIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS; PLATFORM; STANDARD; DATABASE; PLASMA AB Questions concerning longitudinal data quality and reproducibility of proteomic laboratories spurred the Protein Research Group of the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities (ABRF-PRG) to design a study to systematically assess the reproducibility of proteomic laboratories over an extended period of time. Developed as an open study, initially 64 participants were recruited from the broader mass spectrometry community to analyze provided aliquots of a six bovine protein tryptic digest mixture every month for a period of nine months. Data were uploaded to a central repository, and the operators answered an accompanying survey. Ultimately, 45 laboratories submitted a minimum of eight LC-MSMS raw data files collected in data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. No standard operating procedures were enforced; rather the participants were encouraged to analyze the samples according to usual practices in the laboratory. Unlike previous studies, this investigation was not designed to compare laboratories or instrument configuration, but rather to assess the temporal intralaboratory reproducibility. The outcome of the study was reassuring with 80% of the participating laboratories performing analyses at a medium to high level of reproducibility and quality over the 9-month period. For the groups that had one or more outlying experiments, the major contributing factor that correlated to the survey data was the performance of preventative maintenance prior to the LC-MSMS analyses. Thus, the Protein Research Group of the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities recommends that laboratories closely scrutinize the quality control data following such events. Additionally, improved quality control recording is imperative. This longitudinal study provides evidence that mass spectrometry-based proteomics is reproducible. When quality control measures are strictly adhered to, such reproducibility is comparable among many disparate groups. Data from the study are available via ProteomeXchange under the accession code PXD002114. C1 [Bennett, Keiryn L.] Austrian Acad Sci, CeMM Res Ctr Mol Med, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Wang, Xia] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Bystrom, Cory E.] Cleveland HeartLab Inc, Res & Dev, Cleveland, OH 44103 USA. [Chambers, Matthew C.; Tabb, David L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Andacht, Tracy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Emergency Response Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Dangott, Larry J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Elortza, Felix] ProteoRed ISCIII, CIC BioGUNE, Ctr Invest Cooperat Biociencias, Bilbao, Spain. [Leszyk, John] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Pharmacol, Prote & Mass Spectrometry Facil, Shrewsbury, MA 01545 USA. [Molina, Henrik] Rockefeller Univ, Prote Resource Ctr, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Moritz, Robert L.] Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Phinney, Brett S.] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Prote Core, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Thompson, J. Will] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Prote & Metabol Core Facil, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Bunger, Maureen K.] Proteovations LLC, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tabb, DL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Learned Lab MRB 3 U9211, 465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM kbennett@cemm.oeaw.ac.at; maureen.bunger@gmail.com; david.l.tabb@vanderbilt.edu RI Phinney, Brett/S-6404-2016 OI Phinney, Brett/0000-0003-3870-3302 FU ABRF; NCI [U24 CA159988]; UC LEAF Career Branch Awards at the University of Cincinnati; NIGMS [2P50 GM076547, GM087221] FX This work was supported by ABRF. D.L.T., X.W., and M.C.C. were funded by NCI U24 CA159988. X.W. was also supported by the 2014 UC LEAF Career Branch Awards at the University of Cincinnati. R.L.M. was funded in part by NIGMS Grant No's 2P50 GM076547 and GM087221. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 EI 1535-9484 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD DEC PY 2015 VL 14 IS 12 BP 3299 EP 3309 DI 10.1074/mcp.O115.051888 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CX3ZN UT WOS:000365638100016 PM 26435129 ER PT J AU Ochomo, E Subramaniam, K Kemei, B Rippon, E Bayoh, NM Kamau, L Atieli, F Vulule, JM Ouma, C Gimnig, J Donnelly, MJ Mbogo, C AF Ochomo, Eric Subramaniam, Krishanthi Kemei, Brigid Rippon, Emily Bayoh, Nabie M. Kamau, Luna Atieli, Francis Vulule, John M. Ouma, Collins Gimnig, John Donnelly, Martin J. Mbogo, Charles TI Presence of the knockdown resistance mutation, Vgsc-1014F in Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis in western Kenya SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Kdr; Insecticide resistance; Pyrethroids; Anopheles gambiae ID KDR; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DDT; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; PYRETHROIDS; VECTORS; ALLELE; L1014S; EAST AB Introduction: The voltage gated sodium channel mutation Vgsc-1014S (kdr-east) was first reported in Kenya in 2000 and has since been observed to occur at high frequencies in the local Anopheles gambiae s. s. population. The mutation Vgsc-1014F has never been reported from An. gambiae Complex complex mosquitoes in Kenya. Findings: Molecularly confirmed An. gambiae s.s. (hereafter An. gambiae) and An. arabiensis collected from 4 different parts of western Kenya were genotyped for kdr from 2011 to 2013. Vgsc-1014F was observed to have emerged, apparently, simultaneously in both An. gambiae and An. arabiensis in 2012. A portion of the samples were submitted for sequencing in order to confirm the Vgsc-1014F genotyping results. The resulting sequence data were deposited in GenBank (Accession numbers: KR867642-KR867651, KT758295-KT758303). A single Vgsc-1014F haplotype was observed suggesting, a common origin in both species. Conclusion: This is the first report of Vgsc-1014F in Kenya. Based on our samples, the mutation is present in low frequencies in both An. gambiae and An. arabiensis. It is important that we start monitoring relative frequencies of the two kdr genes so that we can determine their relative importance in an area of high insecticide treated net ownership. C1 [Ochomo, Eric; Ouma, Collins] Maseno Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Dev, Maseno, Kenya. [Ochomo, Eric; Kemei, Brigid; Bayoh, Nabie M.; Atieli, Francis; Vulule, John M.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu 40100, Kenya. [Subramaniam, Krishanthi; Rippon, Emily; Donnelly, Martin J.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Dept Vector Biol, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Kamau, Luna] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Biotechnol & Res Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ouma, Collins] African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Challenges & Syst, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gimnig, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Donnelly, Martin J.] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Malaria Programme, Cambridge, England. [Mbogo, Charles] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Kilifi, Kenya. [Mbogo, Charles] KEMRI Wellcome Trust Res Program, Malaria Publ Hlth Dept, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Ochomo, E (reprint author), Maseno Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Dev, Maseno, Kenya. EM eochomo@kemricdc.org FU Dr. David Weetman of the Vector Group; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through WHO [54497] FX The authors acknowledge the support of Dr. David Weetman of the Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Judith Wandera, Richard Amito, Edward Esalimba, Gideon Nyansikera and the technical support of the KEMRI/CDC Malaria Branch, Centre for Global Health Research and Centre for Biotechnology, Research and Development, KEMRI and the National Malaria Control Program. We also acknowledge the support of Dr. Tessa Knox, Dr. Abraham Mnavaza and Dr. Evan Mathenge of WHO. The research is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through WHO (Award #54497 awarded to Dr. Charles Mbogo). We are grateful to the Director, KEMRI for the permission to publish this data. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 8 AR 616 DI 10.1186/s13071-015-1223-5 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA CX2DP UT WOS:000365505900007 PM 26626424 ER PT J AU Baker, C Grant, AM George, MG Grosse, SD Adamkiewicz, TV AF Baker, Charlotte Grant, Althea M. George, Mary G. Grosse, Scott D. Adamkiewicz, Thomas V. TI Contribution of Sickle Cell Disease to the Pediatric Stroke Burden Among Hospital Discharges of African-Americans-United States, 1997-2012 SO PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER LA English DT Article DE hemorrhagic stroke; hospitalization; ischemic stroke; sickle cell disease ID RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; ANEMIA; TRANSFUSIONS; HYDROXYUREA; TRENDS; IMPACT; RATES AB Background. Approximately 10-20% of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) develop stroke, but few consistent national estimates of the stroke burden for children with SCD exist. The purpose of this study is to determine the proportion of diagnosed stroke among African-American pediatric discharges with and without SCD. Procedure. Records for African-Americans aged 1-18 years in the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) 1997-2012 with >= 1 ICD-9-CM diagnosis code for stroke were included. Data were weighted to provide national estimates. A total of 2,994 stroke cases among African-American children were identified. Diagnoses co-existing with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were frequency ranked separately. Results. From 1997 through 2012, SCD was present in 24% of stroke discharges, with 89% being ischemic stroke. For hospital discharges of African-American children, SCD is the highest co-existing risk factor for ischemic stroke (29%). Stroke in children with SCD occurred predominantly in children aged 5-9 years, older than previously reported. The trend of stroke discharges significantly decreased for children with SCD from 1997 to 2012 for children aged 10-14 years. Conclusions. SCD is a leading risk factor to pediatric stroke in African-American children. Reducing the number of strokes among children with SCD would have a significant impact on the rate of strokes among African-American children. Preventative intervention may be modifying initial age of presentation of stroke in children with SCD. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Baker, Charlotte; Grant, Althea M.; Grosse, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [George, Mary G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Adamkiewicz, Thomas V.] Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. RP Baker, C (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Coll Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Inst Publ Hlth, 1515 S Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM charlotte.baker@famu.edu FU NIH [1P20MD003383-01] FX TVA was supported in part by NIH grant 1P20MD003383-01. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1545-5009 EI 1545-5017 J9 PEDIATR BLOOD CANCER JI Pediatr. Blood Cancer PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 12 BP 2076 EP 2081 DI 10.1002/pbc.25655 PG 6 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA CX0UN UT WOS:000365412600005 PM 26174777 ER PT J AU Chen, GX Sieber, WK Lincoln, JE Birdsey, J Hitchcock, EM Nakata, A Robinson, CF Collins, JW Sweeney, MH AF Chen, Guang X. Sieber, W. Karl Lincoln, Jennifer E. Birdsey, Jan Hitchcock, Edward M. Nakata, Akinori Robinson, Cynthia F. Collins, James W. Sweeney, Marie H. TI NIOSH national survey of long-haul truck drivers: Injury and safety SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE Long-haul truck drivers; Truck driver safety; Truck driver injury; Risk factor; Survey; Hours of service ID VEHICLE DRIVERS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; SEVERITIES; PASSENGERS; ACCIDENTS; FATIGUE; WORKERS; CRASH AB Approximately 1,701,500 people were employed as heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers in the United States in 2012. The majority of them were long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs). There are limited data on occupational injury and safety in LHTDs, which prompted a targeted national survey. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health conducted a nationally representative survey of 1265 LHTDs at 32 truck stops across the contiguous United States in 2010. Data were collected on truck crashes, near misses, moving violations, work-related injuries, work environment, safety climate, driver training, job satisfaction, and driving behaviors. Results suggested that an estimated 2.6% of LHTDs reported a truck crash in 2010,35% reported at least one crash while working as an LHTD, 24% reported at least one near miss in the previous 7 days, 17% reported at least one moving violation ticket and 4.7% reported a non-crash injury involving days away from work in the previous 12 months. The majority (68%) of non-crash injuries among company drivers were not reported to employers. An estimate of 73% of LHTDs (16% often and 58% sometimes) perceived their delivery schedules unrealistically tight; 24% often continued driving despite fatigue, bad weather, or heavy traffic because they needed to deliver or pick up a load at a given time; 4.5% often drove 10 miles per hours or more over the speed limit; 6.0% never wore a seatbelt; 36% were often frustrated by other drivers on the road; 35% often had to wait for access to a loading dock; 37% reported being noncompliant with hours-of-service rules (10% often and 27% sometimes); 38% of LHTDs perceived their entry-level training inadequate; and 15% did not feel that safety of workers was a high priority with their management. This survey brings to light a number of important safety issues for further research and interventions, e.g., high prevalence of truck crashes, injury underreporting, unrealistically tight delivery schedules, noncompliance with hours-of-service rules, and inadequate entry-level training. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chen, Guang X.; Lincoln, Jennifer E.; Collins, James W.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Sieber, W. Karl; Birdsey, Jan; Robinson, Cynthia F.; Sweeney, Marie H.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Hitchcock, Edward M.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Nakata, Akinori] Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Fukuoka, Japan. RP Chen, GX (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS-1811, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM gchen@cdc.gov; wks1@cdc.gov; axi5@cdc.gov; afq8@cdc.gov; ekh2@cdc.gov; nakataa@health.uoeh-u.ac.jp; cfr2@cdc.gov; joc4@cdc.gov; mhs2@cdc.gov FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation FX This work was supported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health with partial funding from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. We wish to thank Albert Alvarez, William Bannister, Paul Beatty, Dale Belman, Michael Belzer, Rebecca Brewster, LaMont Byrd, Gerald Donaldson, Eric Garshick, Jenny Guarino, Jeffrey Hickman, Gerald Krueger, Scott Madar, Anne McCartt, Stephanie Pratt, Michael Quinlan, Roger Rosa, John Sestito, Aaron Sussell, Martin Walker, Thomas Weakley, Ann Williamson, and Eric Wood for their helpful comments and/or guidance in development of our survey questionnaire and manuscript. We particularly wish to thank the participating truck stops and drivers without whom this data collection would not have been possible. Westat Inc. provided data collection and statistical support. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0001-4575 EI 1879-2057 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 85 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.aap.2015.09.001 PG 7 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA CW3IG UT WOS:000364884800007 PM 26397196 ER PT J AU Maddox, RA Blase, JL Mercaldo, ND Harvey, AR Schonberger, LB Kukull, WA Belay, ED AF Maddox, Ryan A. Blase, J. L. Mercaldo, N. D. Harvey, A. R. Schonberger, L. B. Kukull, W. A. Belay, E. D. TI Clinically Unsuspected Prion Disease Among Patients With Dementia Diagnoses in an Alzheimer's Disease Database SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS LA English DT Article DE prion disease; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; Alzheimer's disease; dementia; diagnosis ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE AB Background: Brain tissue analysis is necessary to confirm prion diseases. Clinically unsuspected cases may be identified through neuropathologic testing. Methods: National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Minimum and Neuropathologic Data Set for 1984 to 2005 were reviewed. Eligible patients had dementia, underwent autopsy, had available neuropathologic data, belonged to a currently funded Alzheimer's Disease Center (ADC), and were coded as having an Alzheimer's disease clinical diagnosis or a nonprion disease etiology. For the eligible patients with neuropathology indicating prion disease, further clinical information, collected from the reporting ADC, determined whether prion disease was considered before autopsy. Results: Of 6000 eligible patients in the NACC database, 7 (0.12%) were clinically unsuspected but autopsy-confirmed prion disease cases. Conclusion: The proportion of patients with dementia with clinically unrecognized but autopsy-confirmed prion disease was small. Besides confirming clinically suspected cases, neuropathology is useful to identify unsuspected clinically atypical cases of prion disease. C1 [Maddox, Ryan A.; Blase, J. L.; Harvey, A. R.; Schonberger, L. B.; Belay, E. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mercaldo, N. D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Mercaldo, N. D.; Kukull, W. A.] Univ Washington, Natl Alzheimers Coordinating Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Maddox, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmaddox@cdc.gov FU National Institute on Aging [U01 AG016976] FX The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study is supported in part by National Institute on Aging Grant U01 AG016976 to the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1533-3175 EI 1938-2731 J9 AM J ALZHEIMERS DIS JI Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Dement. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 8 BP 752 EP 755 DI 10.1177/1533317515602218 PG 4 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Clinical Neurology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA CW8LV UT WOS:000365252000007 PM 26320231 ER PT J AU Schauer, GL Malarcher, AM Asman, KJ AF Schauer, Gillian L. Malarcher, Ann M. Asman, Kat J. TI Trends in the Average Age of Quitting Among US Adult Cigarette Smokers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; UNITED-STATES; SMOKING; ADOLESCENCE; CESSATION AB Introduction: Quitting smoking at any age confers health benefits. However, studies have suggested that quitting by age 35 years leads to mortality rates similar to never smokers. This study assessed whether the mean and median ages of past-year quitting and prevalence of past-year quit attempts and successful quitting by age group changed over time. Methods: Data came from 113,599 adult cigarette smokers participating in the 1997-2012 National Health Interview Survey, an annual, cross-sectional household survey of U.S. adults aged >= 18 years. Mean and median ages of past-year successful abstinence (quit 6-12 months) were computed. Orthogonal polynomial logistic regression models tested for trends in quit attempts and successful quitting. Data were analyzed in 2014. Results: The average age of quitting (40.0 years in 1997-1998, 39.5 years in 2011-2012, p=0.80) and median age of quitting (35.9 years in 1997-1998, 36.9 years in 2011-2012, p=0.62) did not change over time. During 1997-2012, the percentage of smokers making a past-year quit attempt increased among those aged 25-34, 35-44, and 45-64 years; the percentage of smokers who reported quitting successfully increased among those aged 25-34 and 35-44 years (p <0.001). Conclusions: Although the average age of quitting did not change over time, increases in past-year quit attempts and successful quitting occurred among adults aged 25-44 years. Proven population-level interventions including price increases, mass media campaigns, comprehensive smoke-free policies, and health systems interventions should be continued to further increase cessation, particularly among younger adults. (C) 2015 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Schauer, Gillian L.] CDC, Carter Consulting Inc, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Schauer, Gillian L.] Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Malarcher, Ann M.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Asman, Kat J.] Res Triangle Int, Biostat & Epidemiol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Schauer, GL (reprint author), CDC, Carter Consulting Inc, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gschauer@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 BP 939 EP 944 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.028 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UK UT WOS:000365061900015 PM 26362404 ER PT J AU Bridges, CB Hurley, LP Williams, WW Ramakrishnan, A Dean, AK Groom, AV AF Bridges, Carolyn B. Hurley, Laura P. Williams, Walter W. Ramakrishnan, Aparna Dean, Anna K. Groom, Amy V. TI Meeting the Challenges of Immunizing Adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; 2013-14 INFLUENZA SEASON; HEALTH-CARE PERSONNEL; B-VIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; HERPES-ZOSTER; CONJUGATE VACCINE AB The overall burden of illness from diseases for which vaccines are available disproportionately falls on adults. Adults are recommended to receive vaccinations based on their age, underlying medical conditions, lifestyle, prior vaccinations, and other considerations. Updated vaccine recommendations from CDC are published annually in the U.S. Adult Immunization Schedule. Vaccine use among U.S. adults is low. Although receipt of a provider (physician or other vaccinating healthcare provider) recommendation is a key predictor of vaccination, more often consumers report not receiving vaccine recommendations at healthcare provider visits. Although providers support the benefits of vaccination, they also report several barriers to vaccinating adults, including the cost of providing vaccination services, inadequate or inconsistent payment for vaccines and vaccine administration, and acute medical care taking precedence over preventive services. Despite these challenges, a number of strategies have been demonstrated to substantially improve adult vaccine coverage, including patient and provider reminders and standing orders for vaccination. Providers are encouraged to incorporate routine assessment of their adult patients' vaccination needs during all clinical encounters to ensure patients receive recommendations for needed vaccines and are either offered needed vaccines or referred for vaccination. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bridges, Carolyn B.; Williams, Walter W.; Dean, Anna K.; Groom, Amy V.] CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hurley, Laura P.] Denver Hlth, Dept Gen Internal Med, Denver, CO USA. [Hurley, Laura P.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Ramakrishnan, Aparna] CDC, Hlth Commun Sci Off, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dean, Anna K.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Bridges, CB (reprint author), CDC, Adult Immunizat, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MS A-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cbridges@cdc.gov FU Merck; Novartis FX Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 4 BP S455 EP S464 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.014 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UI UT WOS:000365061700017 PM 26382294 ER PT J AU Buchanan, ND Dasari, S Rodriguez, JL Smith, JL Hodgson, ME Weinberg, CR Sandler, DP AF Buchanan, Natasha D. Dasari, Sabitha Rodriguez, Juan L. Smith, Judith Lee Hodgson, M. Elizabeth Weinberg, Clarice R. Sandler, Dale P. TI Post-treatment Neurocognition and Psychosocial Care Among Breast Cancer Survivors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; CHEMOTHERAPY; TAMOXIFEN; WOMEN; AGE; EXEMESTANE; EXPOSURES; ATTITUDES; SIDE AB Introduction: Chemotherapy for breast cancer has been associated with cognitive problems; however, the impact of adjuvant hormone therapy is less clear. No studies have explored provider discussions about cognitive concerns or factors associated with neurocognitive treatment. This study examined cognitive problems, factors associated with having a provider discussion, and receipt of neurocognitive treatment. Methods: Female breast cancer survivors (N=2,537) from the Sister Study and the Two Sister Study who were at least 1 year post-treatment were surveyed in 2012 about their cancer therapies (confirmed by medical records); cognitive concerns; related provider discussions; and neurocognitive treatment. A total of 2,296 women were included in the current 2014 analysis. Extensive covariate information was also ascertained for predictive multivariate models. Results: The prevalence of self-reported cognitive problems after treatment was 60%. Of those reporting cognitive problems, only 37% had discussed those concerns with a provider and 15% had been treated for cognitive symptoms. The odds of reported cognitive concerns that started during and after treatment were elevated for those who received only hormone therapy and no chemotherapy (OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.15, 2.33); chemotherapy and no hormone therapy (OR=5.63, 95% CI=3.52, 9.00); or both (OR=6.33, 95% CI=4.21, 9.54) compared with those reporting neither treatment. Conclusions: The high prevalence of cognitive concerns underscores the importance of monitoring breast cancer survivors for potential neurocognitive effects of hormone and chemotherapy, discussions with survivors about those concerns, and treatment referrals. Monitoring changes over time can help to evaluate both psychosocial and neurocognitive care provided for survivors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Buchanan, Natasha D.; Rodriguez, Juan L.; Smith, Judith Lee] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Dasari, Sabitha] Northrop Grumman Corp, Informat Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hodgson, M. Elizabeth] Social & Sci Syst Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Weinberg, Clarice R.] NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sandler, Dale P.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Buchanan, ND (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nbuchanan@cdc.gov OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control; Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01 ES044005, Z01 ES0102245]; Susan G. Komen for the Cure FAS [0703856]; CDC, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control FX Publication of this article was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control.; This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES044005 and Z01 ES0102245); Susan G. Komen for the Cure FAS 0703856 (the Two Sister Study); and by CDC, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (Survivorship Survey). NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 5 BP S498 EP S508 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.013 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UH UT WOS:000365061600006 PM 26590645 ER PT J AU Buchanan, ND Houston, KA Richardson, LC AF Buchanan, Natasha D. Houston, Keisha A. Richardson, Lisa C. TI The Essential Role of Public Health in Preventing Disease, Prolonging Life, and Promoting Health of Cancer Survivors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; RISK C1 [Buchanan, Natasha D.; Houston, Keisha A.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Richardson, Lisa C.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Buchanan, ND (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nbuchanan@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 5 BP S467 EP S469 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.006 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UH UT WOS:000365061600001 PM 26590640 ER PT J AU Chen, RT Shimabukuro, TT Martin, DB Zuber, PLF Weibel, DM Sturkenboom, M AF Chen, Robert T. Shimabukuro, Tom T. Martin, David B. Zuber, Patrick L. F. Weibel, Daniel M. Sturkenboom, Miriam TI Enhancing Vaccine Safety Capacity Globally A Lifecycle Perspective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; REPORTING-SYSTEM VAERS; INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINATION; EVENTS FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; ADVERSE EVENTS; INFLUENZA VACCINE; DATALINK PROJECT; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE AB Major vaccine safety controversies have arisen in several countries beginning in the last decades of 20th century. Such periodic vaccine safety controversies are unlikely to go away in the near future as more national immunization programs mature with near elimination of target vaccine-preventable diseases that result in relative greater prominence of adverse events following immunizations, both true reactions and temporally coincidental events. There are several ways in which vaccine safety capacity can be improved to potentially mitigate the impact of future vaccine safety controversies. This paper aims to take a "lifecyde" approach, examining some potential pre- and post-licensure opportunities to improve vaccine safety, in both developed (specifically U.S. and Europe) and low- and middle-income countries. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Robert T.; Shimabukuro, Tom T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martin, David B.] US FDA, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Zuber, Patrick L. F.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Weibel, Daniel M.; Sturkenboom, Miriam] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd MS-E45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bchen@cdc.gov FU Merck; Novartis FX This article is being published concurrently in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Vaccine. The articles are identical except for stylistic changes in keeping with each journal's style. Either of these versions may be used in citing this article. Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis. NR 155 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 4 BP S364 EP S376 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.009 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UI UT WOS:000365061700007 PM 26590436 ER PT J AU Guy, GP Yabroff, KR Ekwueme, DU Virgo, KS Han, XS Banegas, MP Soni, A Zheng, ZY Chawla, N Geiger, AM AF Guy, Gery P., Jr. Yabroff, K. Robin Ekwueme, Donatus U. Virgo, Katherine S. Han, Xuesong Banegas, Matthew P. Soni, Anita Zheng, Zhiyuan Chawla, Neetu Geiger, Ann M. TI Healthcare Expenditure Burden Among Non-elderly Cancer Survivors, 2008-2012 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID 2ND PRIMARY CANCERS; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-SURVEY; MEDICAL-CARE; COST; THERAPY; ADULTS; ONCOLOGISTS; MAMMOGRAPHY AB Introduction: There is increasing concern regarding the financial burden of cancer on patients and their families. This study presents nationally representative estimates of annual out-of-pocket (OOP) burden among non-elderly cancer survivors and assesses the association between high OOP burden and access to care and preventive service utilization. Methods: Using the 2008-2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 4,271 cancer survivors and 96,780 individuals without a history of cancer were identified, all aged 18-64 years. High annual OOP burden was defined as spending >20% of annual family income on OOP healthcare costs. Associations between high OOP burden and access to care were evaluated with multivariable logistic regression. Analyses were conducted in 2015. Results: Compared with individuals without a cancer history, cancer survivors were more likely to report a high OOP burden (4.3% vs 3.4%, p=0.009) in adjusted analyses. High OOP burden was more common among cancer survivors who were poor (18.4%), with either public insurance (7.9%) or uninsured (5.7%), and not working (10.2%). Among cancer survivors, high OOP burden was associated with being unable to obtain necessary medical care (19.2% vs 12.5%, p=0.002), delaying necessary medical care (21.6% vs 13.8%, p=0.002), and lower breast cancer screening rates among age-appropriate women (63.2% vs 75.9%, p=0.02). Conclusions: High OOP burden is more common among adults with a cancer history than those without a cancer history. High OOP burden was associated with being unable to obtain necessary medical care, delaying necessary medical care, and lower breast cancer screening rates among women. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Guy, Gery P., Jr.; Ekwueme, Donatus U.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Yabroff, K. Robin; Geiger, Ann M.] NCI, Healthcare Delivery Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Rockville, MD USA. [Virgo, Katherine S.] Emory Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Han, Xuesong; Zheng, Zhiyuan] Amer Canc Soc, Surveillance & Hlth Serv Res Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Banegas, Matthew P.] Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. [Soni, Anita] Ctr Financing Access & Cost Trends, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. [Chawla, Neetu] Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. RP Guy, GP (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM irm2@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control FX Publication of this article was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 5 BP S489 EP S497 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.002 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UH UT WOS:000365061600005 PM 26590644 ER PT J AU Hall, IJ Smith, JL AF Hall, Ingrid J. Smith, Judith Lee TI Evolution of a CDC Public Health Research Agenda for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TREATMENT DECISION-MAKING; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; PATIENT SELECTION; MEN; MANAGEMENT; RECOMMENDATIONS; PERSPECTIVE; DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOMES; QUALITY AB Men with prostate cancer face difficult choices when selecting a therapy for localized prostate cancer. Comparative data from controlled studies are lacking and clinical opinions diverge about the benefits and harms of treatment options. Consequently, there is limited guidance for patients regarding the impact of treatment decisions on quality of life. There are opportunities for public health to intervene at several decision-making points. Information on typical quality of life outcomes associated with specific prostate cancer treatments could help patients select treatment options. From 2003 to present, the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at CDC has supported projects to explore patient information-seeking behavior post-diagnosis, caregiver and provider involvement in treatment decision making, and patient quality of life following prostate cancer treatment. CDC's work also includes research that explores barriers and facilitators to the presentation of active surveillance as a viable treatment option and promotes equal access to information for men and their caregivers. This article provides an overview of the literature and considerations that initiated establishing a prospective public health research agenda around treatment decision making. Insights gathered from CDC-supported studies are poised to enhance understanding of the process of shared decision making and the influence of patient, caregiver, and provider preferences on the selection of treatment choices. These findings provide guidance about attributes that maximize patient experiences in survivorship, including optimal quality of life and patient and caregiver satisfaction with information, treatment decisions, and subsequent care. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Hall, Ingrid J.; Smith, Judith Lee] CDC, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hall, IJ (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-75, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM iah9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control FX Publication of this article was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 5 BP S483 EP S488 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.016 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UH UT WOS:000365061600004 PM 26590643 ER PT J AU Hawkins, NA Berkowitz, Z Rodriguez, JL AF Hawkins, Nikki A. Berkowitz, Zahava Rodriguez, Juan L. TI Awareness of Dietary and Alcohol Guidelines Among Colorectal Cancer Survivors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTH; OUTCOMES; OLDER; RISK; INTERVENTION; ASSOCIATION; ADHERENCE; EXERCISE; PATTERNS AB Introduction: Although dietary habits can affect colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors' health, it is unclear how familiar survivors are with dietary guidelines, what they believe about healthy eating and alcohol consumption, and what hinders healthy dietary habits after cancer. This study assessed CRC survivors' familiarity with dietary guidelines, their eating and drinking habits, and perceived facilitators and barriers to healthy eating after cancer, including social support and self-efficacy for maintaining a healthy diet and limiting alcohol. Methods: A total of 593 individuals (50% female; mean age, 74 years) diagnosed with CRC approximately 6 years prior to study entry in early 2010 were identified through California Cancer Registry records and participated in a cross-sectional mailed survey assessing health behavior after cancer (46% adjusted response rate). Analyses were conducted in 2014-2015. Results: Survivors were most familiar with and most likely to follow-recommendations to choose low-fat foods; 15% had never heard of recommendations to limit alcohol. Survivors were more aware of recommendations involving messages to limit/avoid versus approach/choose certain foods. The most common barrier to a healthy diet involved the effort required (26%). Survivors received more family/friend support and provider recommendations for healthy eating than limiting alcohol. Conclusions: Results provide an overview of awareness of and adherence to dietary recommendations among CRC survivors, highlighting the need for increasing awareness of recommendations that are especially relevant for survivors. Suggestions are made for modifying diet-related messages to facilitate comprehension and recall among CRC survivors, and increasing awareness among groups with the lowest awareness levels. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Hawkins, Nikki A.; Berkowitz, Zahava; Rodriguez, Juan L.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hawkins, NA (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cyt4@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control FX Publication of this article was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 5 BP S509 EP S517 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.012 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UH UT WOS:000365061600007 PM 26590646 ER PT J AU Johnson-Turbes, A Schlueter, D Moore, AR Buchanan, ND Fairley, TL AF Johnson-Turbes, Ashani Schlueter, Dara Moore, Angela R. Buchanan, Natasha D. Fairley, Temeika L. TI Evaluation of a Web-Based Program for African American Young Breast Cancer Survivors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FERTILITY; HEALTH AB Introduction: Among women aged <45 years, African Americans have the highest breast cancer incidence rates of any ethnic/racial group and disproportionately higher rates of mortality. Young breast cancer survivors (YBCSs) may require psychosocial and reproductive health support when navigating diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. To address these needs, the Young Sisters Initiative: A Guide to a Better You! Program (YSI) was developed, implemented, and evaluated. The purpose of this study was to assess implementation and fidelity; identify barriers and facilitators to implementation; and explore audience access, use, and perceived value of the YSI. Methods: A mixed-method, process evaluation of the YSI using interviews, an online screener, and post-use survey was conducted with data collected and analyzed from February through August 2013. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was conducted without qualitative data analysis software. Survey data were analyzed using PASW Statistics, version 18. Results: YSI core elements were implemented as intended. A total of 1,442 people visited the YSI website; 93% of breast cancer survivors who visited the site (and consented to be in the study) were African American; 75% of post-use survey YBCS respondents were very or somewhat satisfied with the YSI; and 70% of YBCS respondents said the YSI content was somewhat or very useful. Conclusions: Findings suggest the value of using the Internet, including social media, to provide African-American YBCSs who are newly diagnosed, in treatment, and post-treatment with reproductive and psychosocial information and support. Further implementation and evaluation of programs addressing the needs of YBCSs are needed. (C) 2015 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. All rights reserved.. C1 [Johnson-Turbes, Ashani; Schlueter, Dara] ICF Int, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Moore, Angela R.; Buchanan, Natasha D.; Fairley, Temeika L.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Johnson-Turbes, A (reprint author), ICF Int, Publ Hlth Div, 3 Corp Sq,Suite 370, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ashani.johnson-turbes@icfi.com FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control; CDC [200-2008-27957] FX Publication of this article was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control.; The Breast Cancer in Young Women project supporting development and implementation of the YSI was funded by CDC under contract number 200-2008-27957. Findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Ms. Mary Ann Hall, Senior Associate at ICF International to this paper. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 5 BP S543 EP S549 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.003 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UH UT WOS:000365061600011 PM 26590650 ER PT J AU Lu, PJ O'Halloran, A Williams, WW Lindley, MC Farrall, S Bridges, CB AF Lu, Peng-jun O'Halloran, Alissa Williams, Walter W. Lindley, Megan C. Farrall, Susan Bridges, Carolyn B. TI Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Vaccination Coverage Among Adult Populations in the US. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; SELF-REPORT; MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES; HERPES-ZOSTER; CARE; RATES; ATTITUDES AB Introduction: Reducing racial/ethnic disparities in immunization rates is a compelling public health goal. Disparities in childhood vaccination rates have not been observed in recent years for most vaccines. The objective of this study is to assess adult vaccination by race/ethnicity in the U.S. Methods: The 2012 National Health Interview Survey was analyzed in 2014 to assess adult vaccination by race/ethnicity for five vaccines routinely recommended for adults: influenza, tetanus, pneumococcal (two vaccines), human papllloma virus, and zoster vaccines. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with all adult vaccinations. Results: Vaccination coverage was significantly lower among non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Asians compared with non-Hispanic whites, with only a few exceptions. Age, sex, education, health insurance, usual place of care, number of physician visits in the past 12 months, and health insurance were independently associated with receipt of most of the examined vaccines. Racial/ethnic differences narrowed, but gaps remained after taking these factors into account. Conclusions: Racial and ethnic differences in vaccination levels narrow when adjusting for socioeconomic factors analyzed in this survey, but are not eliminated, suggesting that other factors that are associated with vaccination disparities are not measured by the National Health Interview Survey and could also contribute to the differences in coverage. Additional efforts, including systems changes to ensure routine assessment and recommendations for needed vaccinations among adults for all racial/ethnic groups, are essential for improving vaccine coverage. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lu, Peng-jun; O'Halloran, Alissa; Williams, Walter W.; Lindley, Megan C.; Farrall, Susan; Bridges, Carolyn B.] CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lu, PJ (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lhp8@cdc.gov FU Merck; Novartis FX Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 4 BP S412 EP S425 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.03.005 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UI UT WOS:000365061700013 PM 26297451 ER PT J AU Moore, AR Buchanan, ND Fairley, TL Smith, JL AF Moore, Angela R. Buchanan, Natasha D. Fairley, Temeika L. Smith, Judith Lee TI Public Health Action Model for Cancer Survivorship SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; TRANSLATION; PROGRAM; INTERVENTION; RISK; USA AB Long-term objectives associated with cancer survivors have been suggested by Healthy People 2020, including increasing the proportion of survivors living beyond 5 years after diagnosis and improving survivors' mental and physical health-related quality of life. Prior to reaching these objectives, several intermediate steps must be taken to improve the physical, social, emotional, and financial well-being of cancer survivors. Public health has a role in developing strategic, actionable, and measurable approaches to facilitate change at multiple levels to improve the lives of survivors and their families. The social ecological model has been used by the public health community as the foundation of multilevel intervention design and implementation, encouraging researchers and practitioners to explore methods that promote internal and external changes at the individual, interpersonal, organizatidnal, community, and policy levels. The survivorship community, including public health professionals, providers, policymakers, survivors, advocates, and caregivers, must work collaboratively to identify, develop, and implement interventions that benefit cancer survivors. The National Action Plan for Cancer Survivorship highlights public health domains and associated strategies that can be the impetus for collaboration between and among the levels in the social ecological model and are integral to improving survivor outcomes. This paper describes the Public Health Action Model for Cancer Survivorship, an integrative framework that combines the National Action Plan for Cancer Survivorship with the social ecological model to demonstrate how interaction among the various levels may promote better outcomes for survivors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Moore, Angela R.; Buchanan, Natasha D.; Fairley, Temeika L.; Smith, Judith Lee] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moore, AR (reprint author), CDC, Comprehens Canc Control Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-76, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM armoore@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control FX Publication of this article was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 5 BP S470 EP S476 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.001 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UH UT WOS:000365061600002 PM 26590641 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Cortese, MM Payne, DC Lopman, B Yen, C Tate, JE AF Parashar, Umesh D. Cortese, Margaret M. Payne, Daniel C. Lopman, Benjamin Yen, Catherine Tate, Jacqueline E. TI Value of Post-Licensure Data on Benefits and Risks of Vaccination to Inform Vaccine Policy The Example of Rotavirus Vaccines SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEA-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; UNITED-STATES; INTUSSUSCEPTION RISK; US INFANTS; GASTROENTERITIS HOSPITALIZATIONS; INDIRECT PROTECTION; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; LESS-THAN-5 YEARS AB In 1999, the first rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine licensed in the U.S. was withdrawn within a year of its introduction after it was linked with intussusception at a rate of similar to 1 excess case per 10,000 vaccinated infants. While clinical trials of 60,000-70,000 infants of each of the two current live oral rotavirus vaccines, RotaTeq (RV5) and Rotarbc (RV1), did not find an association with intussusception, post-licensure studies have documented a risk in several high and middle income countries, at a rate of similar to 1-6 excess cases per 100,000 vaccinated infants. However, considering this low risk against the large health benefits of vaccination that have been observed in many countries, including in countries with a documented vaccine-associated intussusception risk, policy makers and health organizations around the world continue to support the routine use of RV1 and RV5 in national infant immunization programs. Because the risk and benefit data from affluent settings may not be directly applicable to developing countries, further characterization of any associated intussusception risk following rotavirus vaccination as well as the health benefits of vaccination is desirable for low income settings. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Parashar, Umesh D.; Cortese, Margaret M.; Payne, Daniel C.; Lopman, Benjamin; Yen, Catherine; Tate, Jacqueline E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM uap2@cdc.gov FU Merck; Novartis FX This article is being published concurrently in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Vaccine. The articles are identical except for stylistic changes in keeping with each journal's style. Either of these versions may be used in citing this article. Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 4 BP S377 EP S382 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.005 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UI UT WOS:000365061700008 PM 26590437 ER PT J AU Pilishvili, T Bennett, NM AF Pilishvili, Tamara Bennett, Nancy M. TI Pneumococcal Disease Prevention Among Adults Strategies for the Use of Pneumococcal Vaccines SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED ADULTS; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; AGED GREATER-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-65 YEARS; POLYSACCHARIDE CONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; UNITED-STATES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; NAIVE ADULTS; EFFICACY; OLDER AB Use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines among children in the U.S. since 2000 has dramatically reduced pneumococcal disease burden among adults. Significant vaccine-preventable morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal infections still remains, especially among older adults. The U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recently recommended the routine use of both pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) and polysaccharide vaccines (PPSV23) for adults >= 65 years. These recommendations were based on the remaining burden of illness among adults and the importance of non-bacteremic pneumonia prevention in light of new evidence confirming the efficacy of PCV13 to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia among older adults. This paper reviews the evidence that led ACIP to make recommendations for PCV13 and PPSV23 use among adults, and highlights potential gaps to be addressed by future studies to inform adult vaccination policy. The changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia should be closely monitored to evaluate the effectiveness and continued utility of the current vaccination strategy, and to identify future directions for pneumococcal disease prevention among older adults. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pilishvili, Tamara] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bennett, Nancy M.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Bennett, Nancy M.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Ctr Community Hlth, Rochester, NY USA. RP Pilishvili, T (reprint author), CDC, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tpilishvili@cdc.gov FU Merck; Novartis FX This article is being published concurrently in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Vaccine. The articles are identical except for stylistic changes in keeping with each journal's style. Either of these versions may be used in citing this article. Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 4 BP S383 EP S390 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UI UT WOS:000365061700009 PM 26590438 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JL Hawkins, NA Berkowitz, Z Li, CY AF Rodriguez, Juan L. Hawkins, Nikki A. Berkowitz, Zahava Li, Chunyu TI Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life Among Colorectal Cancer Survivors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SEDENTARY TIME; UNITED-STATES; MENTAL-HEALTH; STYLE FACTORS; RECOMMENDATIONS; ADHERENCE; EXERCISE; SCORES AB Introduction: Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) can provide insights into cancer survivors' physical and mental functioning, their social relationships, and perceptions of their health and well-being. Understanding factors associated with HRQOL may help identify those who are at greater risk for diminished functioning and improve targeted delivery of health promotion programs. This analysis sought to assess sociodemographic and medical factors associated with HRQOL among colorectal cancer survivors and factors that may put survivors at risk for poor functioning. In addition, associations between BMI and physical activity and HRQOL were explored. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional study of health behaviors among 593 long-term colorectal cancer survivors recruited through the California Cancer Registry in early 2010 were analyzed in late 2014 to early 2015. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with physical, mental, and overall HRQOL. Results: The mean physical and mental HRQOL scores of survivors were 46.88 and 42.28, respectively, and lower than the population norm (50). Being older, having more comorbid conditions, and having had a recurrence were associated with lower physical and overall HRQOL, whereas being physically active was associated with higher physical and overall HRQOL. Conclusions: Findings highlight the need to encourage healthcare providers to promote physical activity among sedentary cancer survivors, even at modest levels. In addition, lower mental HRQOL scores may indicate a greater need to screen cancer survivors for psychosocial issues and link them with appropriate services. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Rodriguez, Juan L.; Hawkins, Nikki A.; Berkowitz, Zahava; Li, Chunyu] CDC, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rodriguez, JL (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jrodriguez2@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control; CDC FX Publication of this article was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control.; Data from this study are from a study funded by CDC. This manuscript was written in the course of employment by the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the U.S. The findings and conclusions of this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official positions of CDC. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 5 BP S518 EP S527 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.007 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UH UT WOS:000365061600008 PM 26590647 ER PT J AU Ryerson, AB Eheman, C Styles, T Rycroft, R Snyder, C AF Ryerson, A. Blythe Eheman, Christie Styles, Timothy Rycroft, Randi Snyder, Claire TI Linking the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Needs of Survivors and Clinicians SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; FOLLOW-UP CARE; BREAST-CANCER; TREATMENT SUMMARIES; FEATURING CANCERS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; OUTCOMES; INSTRUCTIONS; PERSPECTIVE AB Cancer survivors, the medical community, public health professionals, researchers, and policy-makers all need information about newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths to better understand and address the disease burden. CDC collects cancer data on 96% of the U.S. population through the National Program of Cancer Registries. The National Program of Cancer Registries routinely collects data on all cancer occurrences, deaths, and the types of initial treatment received by the patients, and recently CDC has made advances in its cancer surveillance activities that have direct applicability to cancer survivorship research and care. This article examines CDC's innovative uses of the National Program of Cancer Registries infrastructure and data as a recruitment source for survivorship research studies and behavioral interventions; comparative effectiveness and patient-centered outcomes research; and the collection, consolidation, and dissemination of treatment summaries for cancer survivors and their providers. This paper also discusses long-term, idealistic plans for additional data linkages and sharing among public health, providers, and the cancer survivor through innovative concepts such as patient portals and rapid-learning health care. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Ryerson, A. Blythe; Eheman, Christie; Styles, Timothy] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Rycroft, Randi] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Colorado Cent Canc Registry, Denver, CO USA. [Snyder, Claire] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Snyder, Claire] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. [Snyder, Claire] Johns Hopkins, Sidney Kimmel Comprehens Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Ryerson, AB (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aryerson@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control FX Publication of this article was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 5 BP S528 EP S535 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.026 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UH UT WOS:000365061600009 PM 26590648 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Hall, IJ AF Smith, Judith Lee Hall, Ingrid J. TI Advancing Health Equity in Cancer Survivorship Opportunities for Public Health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE CHRONIC CONDITIONS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MEDICAL-CARE; NATIONAL-SURVEY; COLON-CANCER; LESS-THAN-65 YEARS C1 [Smith, Judith Lee; Hall, Ingrid J.] CDC, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jleesmith@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control FX Publication of this article was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 5 BP S477 EP S482 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.008 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UH UT WOS:000365061600003 ER PT J AU Underwood, JM Lakhani, N Finifrock, D Pinkerton, B Johnson, KL Mallory, SH Santiago, PM Stewart, SL AF Underwood, J. Michael Lakhani, Naheed Finifrock, DeAnna Pinkerton, Beth Johnson, Krystal L. Mallory, Sharon H. Santiago, Patricia Migliore Stewart, Sherri L. TI Evidence-Based Cancer Survivorship Activities for Comprehensive Cancer Control SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONTROL PROGRAM; PARTNERSHIP AB Introduction: One of six priorities of CDC's National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (NCCCP) is to address the needs of cancer survivors within the local population served by individually funded states, tribes, and territories. This report examines cancer survivorship activities implemented in five NCCCP grantees, which have initiated evidence-based activities outlined in A National Action Plan for Cancer Survivorship: Advancing Public Health Strategies (NAP). Methods: NCCCP action plans, submitted annually to CDC, from 2010 to 2014 were reviewed in February 2015 to assess implementation of cancer survivorship activities and recommended strategies consistent with the NAP. Four state-level and one tribal grantee with specific activities related to one of each of the four NAP strategies were chosen for inclusion. Brief case reports describing the initiation and impact of implemented activities were developed in collaboration with each grantee program director. Results: New Mexico, South Carolina, Vermont, Washington state, and Fond Du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa programs each implemented activities in surveillance and applied research; communication, education, and training; programs, policies, and infrastructure; and access to quality care and services. Conclusions: This report provides examples for incorporating cancer survivorship activities within Comprehensive Cancer Control programs of various sizes, demographic makeup, and resource capacity. New Mexico, South Carolina, Vermont, Washington state, and Fond Du Lac Band developed creative cancer survivorship activities that meet CDC recommendations. NCCCP grantees can follow these examples by implementing evidence-based survivorship interventions that meet the needs of their specific populations. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 [Underwood, J. Michael; Lakhani, Naheed; Stewart, Sherri L.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Finifrock, DeAnna] Community Hlth Serv Dept, Fond du Lac Human Serv Div, Cloquet, MN USA. [Pinkerton, Beth] New Mexico Dept Hlth, New Mexico Comprehens Canc Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Johnson, Krystal L.] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Bur Community Hlth & Chron Dis Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Mallory, Sharon H.] Vermont Dept Hlth, Vermont Comprehens Canc Control Program, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. [Santiago, Patricia Migliore] Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Healthy Communities, Washington State Comprehens Canc Control Program, Olympia, WA USA. RP Underwood, JM (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jmunderwood@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control; CDC's Division of Cancer Prevention and Control FX Publication of this article was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control.; This work was supported by CDC's Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 5 BP S536 EP S542 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UH UT WOS:000365061600010 PM 26590649 ER PT J AU Walton, LR Orenstein, WA Pickering, LK AF Walton, L. Reed Orenstein, Walter A. Pickering, Larry K. TI Lessons Learned From Making and Implementing Vaccine Recommendations in the US SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION; PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; ROTAVIRUS VACCINATION; INDIRECT PROTECTION; HPV VACCINATION; DISEASE AB After publication of certain vaccine recommendations made by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, several unexpected events have occurred during implementation of these recommendations. These have included changes in recommendations following adverse events involved with a particular vaccine and the conferral of community protection as an offshoot of vaccination of a specific population. Vaccine shortages and hesitancy have also been proven impediments to full implementation, and vaccine recommendations have not gone unaffected by either public perception of a vaccine or by cost considerations. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Walton, L. Reed; Pickering, Larry K.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Tract Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Orenstein, Walter A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pickering, Larry K.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pickering, LK (reprint author), 2378 Lavista Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM lpickering007@gmail.com FU Merck; Novartis FX Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 4 BP S406 EP S411 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.023 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UI UT WOS:000365061700012 PM 26297450 ER PT J AU Weiner, JL Fisher, AM Nowak, GJ Basket, MM Gellin, BG AF Weiner, Judith L. Fisher, Allison M. Nowak, Glen J. Basket, Michelle M. Gellin, Bruce G. TI Childhood Immunizations First-Time Expectant Mothers' Knowledge, Beliefs, Intentions, and Behaviors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL CONCERNS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; VACCINES; VACCINATION; PHYSICIANS; EDUCATION; CHOICE; CARE AB Introduction: This study focused on how first-time mothers decide or intend to decide with respect to the recommended childhood immunization schedule. Methods: This was the baseline survey of a larger longitudinal survey. Data were collected between June and September 2014 from 200 first-time mothers in their second trimester of pregnancy to examine vaccine-related knowledge, perceptions, intentions, and information-seeking behavior. Results: Data were analyzed between January and June 2015. Seventy-five percent planned to have their child receive all the vaccinations consistent with the recommended childhood immunization schedule. Although participants expressed interest in childhood vaccine information, most had not received information directly from a primary care provider. One third reported receiving such information from their obstetrician/gynecologist but only about half of those were "very satisfied" with the information they received. About 70% indicated they were not familiar with the recommended vaccination schedule and number of routinely recommended vaccines. Familiarity with common vaccine education messages varied widely. Women who indicated they were planning to delay one or more recommended vaccinations were most likely to rely on Internet searches for childhood vaccine information. Conclusions: Overall, respondents had relatively positive beliefs and perceptions regarding childhood vaccines, which were associated with intentions to get their newborn vaccinated as recommended. However, most who were planning to delay recommended vaccinations or were undecided relied primarily on socially available sources of vaccine information, rather than information provided by a healthcare professional. Improved access to vaccine information from healthcare professionals could foster better vaccine-related knowledge and favorably impact vaccination decisions. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weiner, Judith L.; Fisher, Allison M.; Basket, Michelle M.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Nowak, Glen J.] Univ Georgia, Grady Coll Ctr Hlth & Risk Commun, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gellin, Bruce G.] US DHHS, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Off Assistant Secretary Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Weiner, JL (reprint author), CDC, Carter Consulting Inc, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A27, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM yjm7@cdc.gov FU CDC [09FED904950]; National Vaccine Program Office [OASH-12-117]; Merck; Novartis FX Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis.; The authors are indebted to Kristine Sheedy, Katherine LaVail, Sharon Bergquist, Jennifer Mullen, and Leslie Rodriguez for their help with the conceptualization, development, and revision of this survey. The authors also wish to thank Sheri Hester, from Oak Ride Associated Universities, for her assistance with the detailed, longitudinal data collection. This study was supported by contract number 09FED904950 and contract number OASH-12-117 from CDC and the National Vaccine Program Office, respectively. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC or the National Vaccine Program Office at the U.S. DHHS. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 4 BP S426 EP S434 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.002 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UI UT WOS:000365061700014 PM 26297448 ER PT J AU White, MC Hayes, NS Richardson, LC AF White, Mary C. Hayes, Nikki S. Richardson, Lisa C. TI Public Health's Future Role in Cancer Survivorship SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; CARE; PREVALENCE; STRATEGIES; NEOPLASMS; SURVIVAL; DISEASE; IMPACT; USA C1 [White, Mary C.; Hayes, Nikki S.; Richardson, Lisa C.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP White, MC (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mxw5@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control FX Publication of this article was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 SU 5 BP S550 EP S553 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.023 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CW5UH UT WOS:000365061600012 PM 26590651 ER PT J AU Ajao, A Nystrom, SV Koonin, LM Patel, A Howell, DR Baccam, P Lant, T Malatino, E Chamberlin, M Meltzer, MI AF Ajao, Adebola Nystrom, Scott V. Koonin, Lisa M. Patel, Anita Howell, David R. Baccam, Prasith Lant, Tim Malatino, Eileen Chamberlin, Margaret Meltzer, Martin I. TI Assessing the Capacity of the US Health Care System to Use Additional Mechanical Ventilators During a Large-Scale Public Health Emergency SO DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS LA English DT Article DE pandemic; public health emergency; surge capacity; mechanical ventilators; model ID MASS CRITICAL-CARE; SURGE CAPACITY; DEFINITIVE CARE; CRITICALLY-ILL; UNITED-STATES; JANUARY 26-27; TASK-FORCE; OCCUPANCY; HOSPITALS; DISASTER AB Objective A large-scale public health emergency, such as a severe influenza pandemic, can generate large numbers of critically ill patients in a short time. We modeled the number of mechanical ventilators that could be used in addition to the number of hospital-based ventilators currently in use. Methods We identified key components of the health care system needed to deliver ventilation therapy, quantified the maximum number of additional ventilators that each key component could support at various capacity levels (ie, conventional, contingency, and crisis), and determined the constraining key component at each capacity level. Results Our study results showed that US hospitals could absorb between 26,200 and 56,300 additional ventilators at the peak of a national influenza pandemic outbreak with robust pre-pandemic planning. Conclusions The current US health care system may have limited capacity to use additional mechanical ventilators during a large-scale public health emergency. Emergency planners need to understand their health care systems' capability to absorb additional resources and expand care. This methodology could be adapted by emergency planners to determine stockpiling goals for critical resources or to identify alternatives to manage overwhelming critical care need. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:634-641) C1 [Ajao, Adebola] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Nystrom, Scott V.; Howell, David R.; Lant, Tim] US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Koonin, Lisa M.; Patel, Anita; Malatino, Eileen; Meltzer, Martin I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Baccam, Prasith] IEM Inc, Morrisville, NC USA. [Chamberlin, Margaret] Pardee Rand Grad Sch, Santa Monica, CA USA. RP Ajao, A (reprint author), US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM adebola.ajao@fda.hhs.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1935-7893 EI 1938-744X J9 DISASTER MED PUBLIC JI Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 6 BP 634 EP 641 DI 10.1017/dmp.2015.105 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW9MP UT WOS:000365323100008 PM 26450633 ER PT J AU SteelFisher, GK Blendon, RJ Brule, AS Lubell, KM Brown, LJ Batts, D Ben-Porath, E AF SteelFisher, Gillian K. Blendon, Robert J. Brule, Amanda S. Lubell, Keri M. Brown, Loretta Jackson Batts, Dahna Ben-Porath, Eran TI Physician Emergency Preparedness: A National Poll of Physicians SO DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS LA English DT Article DE emergency preparedness; disasters; food safety; chemical hazard release; bioterrorism ID TELEPHONE SURVEY; BIOTERRORISM; DISASTERS; NONRESPONSE; RESIDENTS; MEDICINE; LESSONS; IMPACT AB Objective To provide a more comprehensive view than previously available of US physician preparedness for public health emergencies, this study examined physicians' assessments of their preparedness, training, participation in institutional activities, information practices, and experiences with patient education. Four kinds of public health emergencies were considered: natural disasters, major airborne infections, major foodborne illness outbreaks, and chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosives (CBRNE) incidents. Methods Between October 19, 2011, and January 11, 2012, researchers conducted a national poll among 1603 practicing physicians in a range of specialties in hospital and nonhospital settings. Results More than one-half of physicians felt prepared to handle a natural disaster, a major outbreak of an airborne infection, or a major foodborne illness outbreak, whereas one-third (34%) felt prepared to handle a CBRNE incident. About one-half of physicians (55%) had participated in training or a conference related to emergencies in the past 2 years. Sizable fractions of physicians were unaware of emergency response tools in their care setting. For example, nearly one-half in hospitals (44%) did not know whether their care setting had an emergency response plan, and less than one-quarter had participated in a drill using such a plan in the past 2 years. Less than one-third (31%) of physicians had signed up to receive alerts in the case of future emergencies. One in 10 reported sharing emergency information with patients at least sometimes. Conclusions Significant gaps remain in physician preparedness for public health emergencies, as well as in related training and participation in institutional activities. New efforts, with a focus on possible collaborations between public health institutions and health system leaders combined with effective use of online resources, are needed to bring more physicians on board and to develop relevant and useful key tools. New approaches, including those that rely on different types of care providers, may be needed to enhance patient education regarding emergency preparedness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:666-680) C1 [SteelFisher, Gillian K.; Blendon, Robert J.; Brule, Amanda S.] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Blendon, Robert J.] John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA USA. [Lubell, Keri M.; Brown, Loretta Jackson; Batts, Dahna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ben-Porath, Eran] SSRS, Media, PA USA. RP SteelFisher, GK (reprint author), Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 677 Huntington Ave,4th Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM gsteel@hsph.harvard.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1935-7893 EI 1938-744X J9 DISASTER MED PUBLIC JI Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 6 BP 666 EP 680 DI 10.1017/dmp.2015.114 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW9MP UT WOS:000365323100014 PM 26545188 ER PT J AU Storms, AD Kusriastuti, R Misriyah, S Praptiningsih, CY Amalya, M Lafond, KE Samaan, G Triada, R Iuliano, AD Ester, M Sidjabat, R Chittenden, K Vogel, R Widdowson, MA Mahoney, F Uyeki, TM AF Storms, A. D. Kusriastuti, R. Misriyah, S. Praptiningsih, C. Y. Amalya, M. Lafond, K. E. Samaan, G. Triada, R. Iuliano, A. D. Ester, M. Sidjabat, R. Chittenden, K. Vogel, R. Widdowson, M. A. Mahoney, F. Uyeki, T. M. TI The East Jakarta Project: surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) and seasonal influenza viruses in patients seeking care for respiratory disease, Jakarta, Indonesia, October 2011-September 2012 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Influenza; influenza (seasonal); avian flu; surveillance ID H5N1; INFECTION; METAANALYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ILLNESS; CHINA AB Indonesia has reported the most human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus worldwide. We implemented enhanced surveillance in four outpatient clinics and six hospitals for HPAI H5N1 and seasonal influenza viruses in East Jakarta district to assess the public health impact of influenza in Indonesia. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected from outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI); respiratory specimens were obtained for influenza testing by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. During October 2011-September 2012, 1131/3278 specimens from ILI cases (34.5%) and 276/1787 specimens from SARI cases (15.4%) tested positive for seasonal influenza viruses. The prevalence of influenza virus infections was highest during December-May and the proportion testing positive was 76% for ILI and 36% for SARI during their respective weeks of peak activity. No HPAI H5N1 virus infections were identified, including hundreds of ILI and SARI patients with recent poultry exposures, whereas seasonal influenza was an important contributor to acute respiratory disease in East Jakarta. Overall, 668 (47%) of influenza viruses were influenza B, 384 (27%) were A(H1N1) pdm09, and 359 (25%) were H3. While additional data over multiple years are needed, our findings suggest that seasonal influenza prevention efforts, including influenza vaccination, should target the months preceding the rainy season. C1 [Storms, A. D.; Lafond, K. E.; Iuliano, A. D.; Widdowson, M. A.; Mahoney, F.; Uyeki, T. M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Storms, A. D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kusriastuti, R.; Misriyah, S.; Triada, R.; Sidjabat, R.] Minist Hlth Republ Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Praptiningsih, C. Y.; Amalya, M.; Samaan, G.; Ester, M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Chittenden, K.] US Agcy Int Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Vogel, R.] John Snow Int Jakarta Field Off, USAID DELIVER PROJECT, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Uyeki, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-20, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tuyeki@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 143 IS 16 BP 3394 EP 3404 DI 10.1017/S0950268815000771 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA CW7JC UT WOS:000365173600004 PM 25912029 ER PT J AU Abanyie, F Harvey, RR Harris, JR Wiegand, RE Gaul, L Desvignes-Kendrick, M Irvin, K Williams, I Hall, RL Herwaldt, B Gray, EB Qvarnstrom, Y Wise, ME Cantu, V Cantey, PT Bosch, S Da Silva, AJ Fields, A Bishop, H Wellman, A Beal, J Wilson, N Fiore, AE Tauxe, R Lance, S Slutsker, L Parise, M AF Abanyie, F. Harvey, R. R. Harris, J. R. Wiegand, R. E. Gaul, L. Desvignes-Kendrick, M. Irvin, K. Williams, I. Hall, R. L. Herwaldt, B. Gray, E. B. Qvarnstrom, Y. Wise, M. E. Cantu, V. Cantey, P. T. Bosch, S. Da Silva, A. J. Fields, A. Bishop, H. Wellman, A. Beal, J. Wilson, N. Fiore, A. E. Tauxe, R. Lance, S. Slutsker, L. Parise, M. CA Multistate Cyclosporiasis Outbreak TI 2013 multistate outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetanensis infections associated with fresh produce: focus on the Texas investigations SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Cyclospora; outbreaks; parasites ID IMPORTED RASPBERRIES; CANADA AB The 2013 multistate outbreaks contributed to the largest annual number of reported US cases of cyclosporiasis since 1997. In this paper we focus on investigations in Texas. We defined an outbreak-associated case as laboratory-confirmed cyclosporiasis in a person with illness onset between 1 June and 31 August 2013, with no history of international travel in the previous 14 days. Epidemiological, environmental, and traceback investigations were conducted. Of the 631 cases reported in the multistate outbreaks, Texas reported the greatest number of cases, 270 (43%). More than 70 clusters were identified in Texas, four of which were further investigated. One restaurant-associated cluster of 25 case-patients was selected for a case-control study. Consumption of cilantro was most strongly associated with illness on meal date-matched analysis (matched odds ratio 19.8, 95% confidence interval 4.0-infinity). All case-patients in the other three clusters investigated also ate cilantro. Traceback investigations converged on three suppliers in Puebla, Mexico. Cilantro was the vehicle of infection in the four clusters investigated; the temporal association of these clusters with the large overall increase in cyclosporiasis cases in Texas suggests cilantro was the vehicle of infection for many other cases. However, the paucity of epidemiological and traceback information does not allow for a conclusive determination; moreover, molecular epidemiological tools for cyclosporiasis that could provide more definitive linkage between case clusters are needed. C1 [Abanyie, F.; Harris, J. R.; Wiegand, R. E.; Hall, R. L.; Herwaldt, B.; Gray, E. B.; Qvarnstrom, Y.; Cantey, P. T.; Da Silva, A. J.; Bishop, H.; Wilson, N.; Fiore, A. E.; Slutsker, L.; Parise, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Harvey, R. R.; Wilson, N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Harvey, R. R.; Williams, I.; Wise, M. E.; Bosch, S.; Tauxe, R.; Lance, S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gaul, L.; Cantu, V.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Desvignes-Kendrick, M.] Ft Bend Cty Hlth & Human Serv, Rosenberg, TX USA. [Irvin, K.; Da Silva, A. J.; Fields, A.; Wellman, A.; Beal, J.; Lance, S.] US FDA, College Pk, MD USA. RP Abanyie, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Med Epidemiol,Parasit Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM why6@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria; National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne & Environmental Diseases FX This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, and the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne & Environmental Diseases. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 143 IS 16 BP 3451 EP 3458 DI 10.1017/S0950268815000370 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA CW7JC UT WOS:000365173600010 PM 25865140 ER PT J AU Cope, JR Prosser, A Nowicki, S Roberts, MW Roberts, JM Scheer, D Anderson, C Longsworth, A Parsons, C Goldschmidt, D Johnston, S Bishop, H Xiao, L Hill, V Beach, M Hlavsa, MC AF Cope, J. R. Prosser, A. Nowicki, S. Roberts, M. W. Roberts, J. M. Scheer, D. Anderson, C. Longsworth, A. Parsons, C. Goldschmidt, D. Johnston, S. Bishop, H. Xiao, L. Hill, V. Beach, M. Hlavsa, M. C. TI Preventing community-wide transmission of Cryptosporidium: a proactive public health response to a swimming pool-associated outbreak - Auglaize County, Ohio, USA SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; outbreaks ID RECREATIONAL WATER; UNITED-STATES; SPORADIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE; HOMINIS; ILLNESS; PARVUM; UTAH AB The incidence of recreational water-associated outbreaks in the United States has significantly increased, driven, at least in part, by outbreaks both caused by Cryptosporidium and associated with treated recreational water venues. Because of the parasite's extreme chlorine tolerance, transmission can occur even in well-maintained treated recreational water venues (e.g. pools) and a focal cryptosporidiosis outbreak can evolve into a community-wide outbreak associated with multiple recreational water venues and settings (e.g. childcare facilities). In August 2004 in Auglaize County, Ohio, multiple cryptosporidiosis cases were identified and anecdotally linked to pool A. Within 5 days of the first case being reported, pool A was hyperchlorinated to achieve 99.9% Cryptosporidium inactivition. A case-control study was launched to epidemiologically ascertain the outbreak source 11 days later. A total of 150 confirmed and probable cases were identified; the temporal distribution of illness onset was peaked, indicating a point-source exposure. Cryptosporidiosis was significantly associated with swimming in pool A (matched odds ratio 121.7, 95% confidence interval 27.4-infinity) but not with another venue or setting. The findings of this investigation suggest that proactive implementation of control measures, when increased Cryptosporidium transmission is detected but before an outbreak source is epidemiologically ascertained, might prevent a focal cryptosporidiosis outbreak from evolving into a community-wide outbreak. C1 [Cope, J. R.; Prosser, A.; Roberts, J. M.; Goldschmidt, D.; Johnston, S.; Bishop, H.; Xiao, L.; Hill, V.; Beach, M.; Hlavsa, M. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Prosser, A.; Roberts, M. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nowicki, S.] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Roberts, M. W.] Columbus Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH USA. [Scheer, D.] Mercer Cty Celina City Hlth Dept, Celina, OH USA. [Anderson, C.; Longsworth, A.; Parsons, C.] Auglaize Cty Hlth Dept, Wapakoneta, OH USA. RP Cope, JR (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcope@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 143 IS 16 BP 3459 EP 3467 DI 10.1017/S0950268815000813 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA CW7JC UT WOS:000365173600011 PM 25907106 ER PT J AU Wolkin, A Patterson, JR Harris, S Soler, E Burrer, S McGeehin, M Greene, S AF Wolkin, Amy Patterson, Jennifer Rees Harris, Shelly Soler, Elena Burrer, Sherry McGeehin, Michael Greene, Sandra TI Reducing Public Health Risk During Disasters: Identifying Social Vulnerabilities SO JOURNAL OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE at-risk; disaster; emergency management; public health; social vulnerabilities ID CLIMATE-CHANGE AB All regions of the US experience disasters which result in a number of negative public health consequences. Some populations have higher levels of social vulnerability and, thus, are more likely to experience negative impacts of disasters including emotional distress, loss of property, illness, and death. To mitigate the impact of disasters on at-risk populations, emergency managers must be aware of the social vulnerabilities within their community. This paper describes a qualitative study which aimed to understand how emergency managers identify social vulnerabilities, also referred to as at-risk populations, in their populations and barriers and facilitators to current approaches. Findings suggest that although public health tools have been developed to aid emergency managers in identifying at-risk populations, they are not being used consistently. Emergency managers requested more information on the availability of tools as well as guidance on how to increase ability to identify at-risk populations. C1 [Wolkin, Amy; Burrer, Sherry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Patterson, Jennifer Rees; Soler, Elena] SciMetrika LLC, Durham, NC USA. [Harris, Shelly] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McGeehin, Michael] RTI Int, Atlanta, GA USA. [Greene, Sandra] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Wolkin, A (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM ajf9@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2194-6361 EI 1547-7355 J9 J HOMEL SECUR EMERG JI J. Homel. Secur. Emerg. Manag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 12 IS 4 BP 809 EP 822 DI 10.1515/jhsem-2014-0104 PG 14 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA CX1AX UT WOS:000365429700005 ER PT J AU White, MT Verity, R Griffin, JT Asante, KP Owusu-Agyei, S Greenwood, B Drakeley, C Gesase, S Lusingu, J Ansong, D Adjei, S Agbenyega, T Ogutu, B Otieno, L Otieno, W Agnandji, ST Lell, B Kremsner, P Hoffman, I Martinson, F Kamthunzu, P Tinto, H Valea, I Sorgho, H Oneko, M Otieno, K Hamel, MJ Salim, N Mtoro, A Abdulla, S Aide, P Sacarlal, J Aponte, JJ Njuguna, P Marsh, K Bejon, P Riley, EM Ghani, AC AF White, Michael T. Verity, Robert Griffin, Jamie T. Asante, Kwaku Poku Owusu-Agyei, Seth Greenwood, Brian Drakeley, Chris Gesase, Samwel Lusingu, John Ansong, Daniel Adjei, Samuel Agbenyega, Tsiri Ogutu, Bernhards Otieno, Lucas Otieno, Walter Agnandji, Selidji T. Lell, Bertrand Kremsner, Peter Hoffman, Irving Martinson, Francis Kamthunzu, Portia Tinto, Halidou Valea, Innocent Sorgho, Hermann Oneko, Martina Otieno, Kephas Hamel, Mary J. Salim, Nahya Mtoro, Ali Abdulla, Salim Aide, Pedro Sacarlal, Jahit Aponte, John J. Njuguna, Patricia Marsh, Kevin Bejon, Philip Riley, Eleanor M. Ghani, Azra C. TI Immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine and implications for duration of vaccine efficacy: secondary analysis of data from a phase 3 randomised controlled trial SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM INFECTION; PREERYTHROCYTIC IMMUNITY; AFRICAN CHILDREN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; PROTECTION; ANTIBODY; IMMUNIZATION; MECHANISMS; EXPOSURE; INFANTS AB Background The RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine targets the circumsporozoite protein, inducing antibodies associated with the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum infection. We assessed the association between anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres and the magnitude and duration of vaccine efficacy using data from a phase 3 trial done between 2009 and 2014. Methods Using data from 8922 African children aged 5-17 months and 6537 African infants aged 6-12 weeks at first vaccination, we analysed the determinants of immunogenicity after RTS,S/AS01 vaccination with or without a booster dose. We assessed the association between the incidence of clinical malaria and anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres using a model of anti-circumsporozoite antibody dynamics and the natural acquisition of protective immunity over time. Findings RTS,S/AS01-induced anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres were greater in children aged 5-17 months than in those aged 6-12 weeks. Pre-vaccination anti-circumsporozoite titres were associated with lower immunogenicity in children aged 6-12 weeks and higher immunogenicity in those aged 5-17 months. The immunogenicity of the booster dose was strongly associated with immunogenicity after primary vaccination. Anti-circumsporozoite titres wane according to a biphasic exponential distribution. In participants aged 5-17 months, the half-life of the short-lived component of the antibody response was 45 days (95% credible interval 42-48) and that of the long-lived component was 591 days (557-632). After primary vaccination 12% (11-13) of the response was estimated to be long-lived, rising to 30% (28-32%) after a booster dose. An anti-circumsporozoite antibody titre of 121 EU/mL (98-153) was estimated to prevent 50% of infections. Waning anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres predict the duration of efficacy against clinical malaria across different age categories and transmission intensities, and efficacy wanes more rapidly at higher transmission intensity. Interpretation Anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres are a surrogate of protection for the magnitude and duration of RTS,S/AS01 efficacy, with or without a booster dose, providing a valuable surrogate of effectiveness for new RTS,S formulations in the age groups considered. C1 [White, Michael T.; Verity, Robert; Griffin, Jamie T.; Ghani, Azra C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC Ctr Outbreak Anal & Modelling, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. [Asante, Kwaku Poku; Owusu-Agyei, Seth] Kintampo Hlth Res Ctr, Kintampo, Ghana. [Owusu-Agyei, Seth; Greenwood, Brian; Drakeley, Chris; Riley, Eleanor M.] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. [Gesase, Samwel; Lusingu, John] Tanzania Natl Inst Med Res, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Lusingu, John] Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ansong, Daniel; Agbenyega, Tsiri] Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Med Sci, Kumasi, Ghana. [Adjei, Samuel] Agogo Presbyterian Hosp, Agogo, Ghana. [Ogutu, Bernhards; Otieno, Lucas; Otieno, Walter] KEMRI Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya. [Agnandji, Selidji T.; Lell, Bertrand; Kremsner, Peter] Ctr Rech Med Lambarene, Lambarene, Gabon. [Agnandji, Selidji T.; Lell, Bertrand; Kremsner, Peter] Univ Klinikum Tubingen, Inst Tropenmed, Tubingen, Germany. [Agnandji, Selidji T.; Lell, Bertrand; Kremsner, Peter] German Ctr Infect Res, Tubingen, Germany. [Hoffman, Irving] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Martinson, Francis; Kamthunzu, Portia] Univ North Carolina Project Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Tinto, Halidou; Valea, Innocent; Sorgho, Hermann] Inst Natl Rech Sci Sante, Nanoro, Burkina Faso. [Oneko, Martina; Otieno, Kephas] KEMRI CDC Publ Hlth & Res Collaborat, Kisumu, Kenya. [Hamel, Mary J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. [Salim, Nahya; Mtoro, Ali; Abdulla, Salim] Bagamoyo Res & Training Ctr, Ifakara Hlth Inst, Bagamoyo, Tanzania. [Aide, Pedro; Sacarlal, Jahit; Aponte, John J.] Ctr Invest Saude Manhica, Manhica, Mozambique. [Sacarlal, Jahit] Univ Eduardo Mondlane, Fac Med, Maputo, Mozambique. [Aponte, John J.] Hosp Clin Univ Barcelona, ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Hlth Res, Barcelona, Spain. [Njuguna, Patricia; Bejon, Philip] KEMRI Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Kilifi, Kenya. [Marsh, Kevin; Bejon, Philip] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England. [Marsh, Kevin] African Acad Sci, Nairobi, Kenya. RP White, MT (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC Ctr Outbreak Anal & Modelling, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. EM m.white08@imperial.ac.uk RI Riley, Eleanor/C-8960-2013; Ghani, Azra/B-8560-2009; OI Riley, Eleanor/0000-0003-3447-3570; ANSONG, Daniel/0000-0003-1328-9117 FU UK Medical Research Council FX UK Medical Research Council. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1450 EP 1458 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00239-X PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CW6YQ UT WOS:000365144800031 PM 26342424 ER PT J AU Champaloux, SW Tepper, NK Curtis, KM Zapata, LB Whiteman, MK Marchbanks, PA Jamieson, DJ AF Champaloux, Steven W. Tepper, Naomi K. Curtis, Kathryn M. Zapata, Lauren B. Whiteman, Maura K. Marchbanks, Polly A. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Contraceptive Use Among Women With Medical Conditions in a Nationwide Privately Insured Population SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; MATERNAL MORBIDITY; AGE; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE:To examine contraceptive use among women with selected medical conditions.METHODS:We used a nationwide health care claims database to identify women aged 15-44 years continuously enrolled in private insurance during 2004-2011 with and without selected medical conditions. We assessed current permanent and reversible prescription contraceptive use during October 1, 2010, to September 30, 2011, with diagnosis, procedure, and pharmacy codes and calculated prevalence by age and condition. We used polytomous logistic regression to calculate odds of female sterilization or reversible prescription methods compared with neither. Among users of reversible methods, we used logistic regression to calculate odds of using long-acting reversible contraceptives compared with shorter acting methods.RESULTS:A low proportion of women with medical conditions were using sterilization or reversible prescription methods (45% and 30% of women aged 15-34 and 35-44 years, respectively), and this proportion was consistently lower among the older age group across all medical conditions. Across both age groups, sterilization and long-acting reversible contraceptives were used less frequently than shorter acting methods (injectable, pill, patch, or ring). The odds of sterilization were higher among women with any compared with no condition for women aged 15-34 years (odds ratio [OR] 4.9, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5-5.3) and 35-44 years (OR 1.2, 95% CI, 1.1-1.2). Among women using reversible prescription methods, the odds of using long-acting reversible contraceptives were increased among those with any compared with no condition for women aged 15-34 years (OR 2.2, 95% CI, 2.1-2.5) and 35-44 years (OR 1.1, 95% CI, 1.1-1.2).CONCLUSION:Despite the potential for serious maternal and fetal pregnancy-associated risks, contraceptive use was not optimal among women with medical conditions.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:III C1 [Champaloux, Steven W.; Tepper, Naomi K.; Curtis, Kathryn M.; Zapata, Lauren B.; Whiteman, Maura K.; Marchbanks, Polly A.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tepper, NK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ntepper@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 126 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1159 DI 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001134 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CW9EL UT WOS:000365301300006 PM 26551183 ER PT J AU Oduyebo, T Pineda, D Lamin, M Leung, A Corbett, C Jamieson, DJ AF Oduyebo, Titilope Pineda, Denis Lamin, Manjo Leung, Anders Corbett, Cindi Jamieson, Denise J. TI A Pregnant Patient With Ebola Virus Disease SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND:Limited data suggest Ebola virus disease during pregnancy is associated with high maternal and fetal mortality.CASE:A 34-year-old woman, gravida 4 para 3, at 36 weeks of gestation was admitted to an Ebola treatment unit in Sierra Leone with Ebola virus disease confirmed by laboratory testing of maternal blood for Ebola RNA. She complained of headache, cough, and arthralgia for 7 days but was afebrile. Eleven days later, intrauterine fetal death was diagnosed; the following day, maternal blood was negative for Ebola viral RNA. Labor was induced and resulted in the vaginal delivery of a stillborn fetus. The mother recovered. Her vaginal secretions (on the day of induction), a placenta fragment, umbilical cord, and neonatal buccal swabs were positive for Ebola RNA. No exposed health care workers were infected.CONCLUSION:This case illustrates that pregnant women can survive infection with Ebola virus disease and be cared for and delivered without infection of their health care workers. C1 Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Sans Frontieres Operat Ctr Brussels, Kailahun, Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone Minist Hlth & Sanitat, Kailahun Dist Hlth Management Team, Dept Surveillance, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Hlth Dept Bremen, Bremen, Germany. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Oduyebo, T (reprint author), Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ydk7@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 126 IS 6 BP 1273 EP 1275 DI 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001092 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CW9EY UT WOS:000365302600008 PM 26375715 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ AF Jamieson, Denise J. TI What Is New in Prevention of Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission? Best Articles From the Past Year SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB This month we focus on current research in perinatal human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Dr. Jamieson discusses four recent publications, which are concluded with a bottom line that is the take-home message. The complete reference for each can be found in Box 1 on this page, along with direct links to the abstracts. C1 [Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM djj0@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 126 IS 6 BP 1303 EP 1304 DI 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001168 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CW9EY UT WOS:000365302600015 PM 26551193 ER PT J AU Cranston, RD Althouse, AD van Griensven, F Janocko, L Curlin, ME Chaikummao, S Chonwattana, W Siegel, A Holtz, TH McGowan, I AF Cranston, Ross D. Althouse, Andrew D. van Griensven, Frits Janocko, Laura Curlin, Marcel E. Chaikummao, Supaporn Chonwattana, Wannee Siegel, Aaron Holtz, Timothy H. McGowan, Ian TI Prevalence of Anal Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Types in the Bangkok Men Who Have Sex With Men Cohort Study SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED MEN; RISK; THAILAND; BEHAVIOR; CANCER; AGE AB Background The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) and 9 valent (nHPV) vaccine are licensed for males to prevent anal HPV-associated dysplasia and cancer caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (qHPV) and additional types 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58 (nHPV), respectively. Both conditions are common in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM). It is not well documented which anal HPV vaccine types are most prevalent in Southeast Asia. Methods A convenience sample of 400 anal swabs were obtained from 200 HIV-infected and 200 HIV-uninfected sexually active Bangkok MSM Cohort Study participants. After swab collection in PreservCyt (Cytyc Corp, Marlborough, MA), the media was stored at -80 degrees C until processing. DNA was extracted, amplified by polymerase chain reaction, denatured, and then hybridized to probes for 37 HPV types and -globin. Results The mean participant age was 25.6 years (range, 18-55 years); the mean CD4 T-cell count was 410 cells/mm(3) in the HIV-infected participants. Among all swab samples, 386 (192 HIV-positive and 194 HIV-negative) had adequate -globin for HPV genotype testing. Anal HPV type was detected in 44.3% of participants whose samples underwent genotype testing. Both qHPV and nHPV types were more frequently detected in HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected (42.2% vs. 23.2% [P < 0.01], 50.0% vs. 24.2% [P < 0.01]), respectively). There were no significant relationships between social behaviors (alcohol use, drug use) or sexual behaviors (number of partners, condom usage, sexual positioning) and anal HPV prevalence. Conclusions The prevalence of anal vaccine HPV types in Thai MSM was similar to that reported in MSM from Western populations and has a similar distribution by HIV status. Targeting young MSM with vaccination could offer protection against HPV vaccine types. C1 [Cranston, Ross D.; McGowan, Ian] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Althouse, Andrew D.; Janocko, Laura; Siegel, Aaron; McGowan, Ian] Univ Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Res Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [van Griensven, Frits] Red Cross AIDS Res Ctr, Bangkok, Thailand. [Curlin, Marcel E.; Chaikummao, Supaporn; Chonwattana, Wannee; Holtz, Timothy H.] Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US Ctr Dis Control Prev, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Curlin, Marcel E.] Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Holtz, Timothy H.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cranston, RD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, 3520 Fifth Ave,Suite 510, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM rdc27@pitt.edu OI Cranston, Ross/0000-0002-2687-6217 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0148-5717 EI 1537-4521 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 42 IS 12 BP 671 EP 676 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000372 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CW8WG UT WOS:000365279500003 PM 26562695 ER PT J AU Mansergh, G Miller, P Herbst, JH Mimiaga, MJ Holman, J AF Mansergh, Gordon Miller, Paige Herbst, Jeffrey H. Mimiaga, Matthew J. Holman, Jeremy TI Effects of Brief Messaging About Undiagnosed Infections Detected through HIV Testing Among Black and Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK BEHAVIORS; TRANSMISSION; UNAWARE; AWARE; CARE AB We examined intent to get tested for HIV infection and use condoms among n = 604 uninfected black and Latino men who have sex with men after receiving brief information messaging that 1 in 10 minority men who have sex with men had HIV infection and did not know it. Information awareness, newness, believability, HIV testing cost willingness, and associated demographic variables were also assessed. C1 [Mansergh, Gordon; Miller, Paige; Herbst, Jeffrey H.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Miller, Paige] Gustavus Adolphus Coll, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. [Mimiaga, Matthew J.; Holman, Jeremy] John Snow Inc, Boston, MA USA. [Mimiaga, Matthew J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mimiaga, Matthew J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Mansergh, G (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM gcm2@cdc.gov FU Secretary's Minority AIDS Initiative Fund of the US Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under CDC [200-2012-53307] FX This work was supported by the Secretary's Minority AIDS Initiative Fund of the US Department of Health and Human Services, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under CDC research contract no. 200-2012-53307. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0148-5717 EI 1537-4521 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 42 IS 12 BP 691 EP 693 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000371 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CW8WG UT WOS:000365279500006 PM 26562698 ER PT J AU Kersh, EN Ritter, J Butler, K Ostergaard, SD Hanson, D Ellis, S Zaki, S McNicholl, JM AF Kersh, Ellen N. Ritter, Jana Butler, Katherine Ostergaard, Sharon Dietz Hanson, Debra Ellis, Shanon Zaki, Sherif McNicholl, Janet M. TI Relationship of Estimated SHIV Acquisition Time Points During the Menstrual Cycle and Thinning of Vaginal Epithelial Layers in Pigtail Macaques SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; MACACA-NEMESTRINA; HIV TRANSMISSION; TARGET-CELLS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FLORA; CONTRACEPTIVES; MICROBIOTA; INFECTION; RISK AB Background HIV acquisition in the female genital tract remains incompletely understood. Quantitative data on biological HIV risk factors, the influence of reproductive hormones, and infection risk are lacking. We evaluated vaginal epithelial thickness during the menstrual cycle in pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina). This model previously revealed increased susceptibility to vaginal infection during and after progesterone-dominated periods in the menstrual cycle. Methods Nucleated and nonnucleated (superficial) epithelial layers were quantitated throughout the menstrual cycle of 16 macaques. We examined the relationship with previously estimated vaginal SHIVSF162P3 acquisition time points in the cycle of 43 different animals repeatedly exposed to low virus doses. Results In the luteal phase (days 17 to cycle end), the mean vaginal epithelium thinned to 66% of mean follicular thickness (days 1-16; P = 0.007, Mann-Whitney test). Analyzing 4-day segments, the epithelium was thickest on days 9 to 12 and thinned to 31% thereof on days 29 to 32, with reductions of nucleated and nonnucleated layers to 36% and 15% of their previous thickness, respectively. The proportion of animals with estimated SHIV acquisition in each cycle segment correlated with nonnucleated layer thinning (Pearson r = 0.7, P < 0.05, linear regression analysis), but not nucleated layer thinning (Pearson r = 0.6, P = 0.15). Conclusions These data provide a detailed picture of dynamic cycle-related changes in the vaginal epithelium of pigtail macaques. Substantial thinning occurred in the superficial, nonnucleated layer, which maintains the vaginal microbiome. The findings support vaginal tissue architecture as susceptibility factor for infection and contribute to our understanding of innate resistance to SHIV infection. C1 [Kersh, Ellen N.; Butler, Katherine; Hanson, Debra; McNicholl, Janet M.] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Ritter, Jana; Ostergaard, Sharon Dietz; Zaki, Sherif] CDC, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Ellis, Shanon] Total Solut Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kersh, EN (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A25, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ekersh@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); National Institutes of Health [Y1-AI-0681-02]; CDC [Y1-AI-0681-02] FX Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and by interagency agreement Y1-AI-0681-02 between the National Institutes of Health and the CDC. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0148-5717 EI 1537-4521 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 42 IS 12 BP 694 EP 701 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000367 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CW8WG UT WOS:000365279500007 PM 26562699 ER PT J AU Madhi, SA Groome, MJ Zar, HJ Kapongo, CN Mulligan, C Nzenze, S Moore, DP Zell, ER Whitney, CG Verani, JR AF Madhi, Shabir A. Groome, Michelle J. Zar, Heather J. Kapongo, Constant N. Mulligan, Christine Nzenze, Susan Moore, David P. Zell, Elizabeth R. Whitney, Cynthia G. Verani, Jennifer R. TI Effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against presumed bacterial pneumonia hospitalisation in HIV-uninfected South African children: a case-control study SO THORAX LA English DT Article ID RADIOLOGICALLY-CONFIRMED PNEUMONIA; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED-TRIAL; STANDARDIZED INTERPRETATION; CHEST RADIOGRAPHS; DOUBLE-BLIND; PREVENTION; EFFICACY; BURDEN; IMPACT; AGE AB Introduction We evaluated pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) effectiveness against hospitalisation for presumed bacterial pneumonia (PBP) in HIV-uninfected South African children. 7-valent PCV was introduced in April 2009 using a 2+1 schedule (doses at age 6, 14 and 39 weeks), superseded with 13-valent PCV in May 2011. Methods A matched case-control study was conducted at three public hospitals (Soweto, Cape Town and KwaZulu-Natal) between April 2009 and August 2012. PBP cases had either WHO defined radiographically confirmed pneumonia or 'other infiltrate' on chest radiograph with C-reactive protein >= 40 mg/L. Hospitalised controls were children admitted with a disease unlikely to be pneumococcal and matched for case age, site and HIV infection status. Age-matched community controls were enrolled from Soweto. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) was estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results Of 1444 HIV-uninfected enrolled PBP cases, 1326 had >= 1 hospital controls (n=2075). Overall, aVE of an up-to-date PCV schedule was 20.1% (95% CI -9.3% to 41.6%) in children aged >= 8 weeks and 39.2% (95% CI 8.46% to 59.6%) among children 16-103 weeks of age. There were 889 PBP cases in Soweto with hospital controls and >= 1 community control (n=2628). The aVE using community controls was similar compared with hospital controls in Soweto, including 32.1% (95% CI 4.6% to 51.6%) and 38.4% (95% CI 7.7% to 58.8%), respectively, in age group >= 8 weeks and 52.7% (95% CI 25.7% to 69.9%) and 53.8% (95% CI 19.5% to 73.5%), respectively, in age group 16-103 weeks. Conclusions PCV implemented using a 2+1 schedule in the routine infant immunisation programme was effective at preventing PBP in HIV-uninfected children. Effectiveness estimates were similar to efficacy measured by earlier randomised controlled trials using different vaccination schedules. C1 [Madhi, Shabir A.; Groome, Michelle J.; Nzenze, Susan; Moore, David P.] Univ Witwatersrand, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, Med Res Council, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Madhi, Shabir A.; Groome, Michelle J.; Nzenze, Susan; Moore, David P.] Univ Witwatersrand, Natl Res Fdn, Dept Sci & Technol, Vaccine Preventable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Madhi, Shabir A.] Ctr Vaccines & Immunol, Div Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Zar, Heather J.; Mulligan, Christine] Univ Cape Town, Red Cross War Mem Hosp, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Kapongo, Constant N.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Ngwelezane Hosp, Kwa Zulu, South Africa. [Zell, Elizabeth R.; Whitney, Cynthia G.; Verani, Jennifer R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Madhi, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Communicable Dis 1, Modderfontein Rd, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. EM shabirm@nicd.ac.za FU Accelerated Vaccine Introduction (Special Studies) of GAVI Alliance [GAV1144-08410-CRT] FX Funding for the study was provided by the Accelerated Vaccine Introduction (Special Studies) of the GAVI Alliance (grant number: GAV1144-08410-CRT). The study sponsor had no role in the design or implementation of the study, analysis or reporting of the results. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of GAVI or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0040-6376 EI 1468-3296 J9 THORAX JI Thorax PD DEC PY 2015 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1149 EP 1155 DI 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206593 PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA CW7ZP UT WOS:000365218400010 PM 26092924 ER PT J AU Rader, EP Layner, KN Triscuit, AM Kashon, ML Gu, JK Ensey, J Baker, BA AF Rader, Erik P. Layner, Kayla N. Triscuit, Alyssa M. Kashon, Michael L. Gu, Ja K. Ensey, James Baker, Brent A. TI Desensitized morphological and cytokine response after stretch-shortening muscle contractions as a feature of aging in rats SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Contraction-induced injury; Dorsiflexor muscles; Stereology; Chemokines; Muscle strain ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ECCENTRIC EXERCISE; INDUCED INJURY; OLD MICE; SATELLITE CELLS; FIBER SEGMENTS; DAMAGE; FORCE; REGENERATION; YOUNG AB Recovery from contraction-induced injury is impaired with aging. At a young age, the secondary response several days following contraction-induced injury consists of edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and segmental muscle fiber degeneration to aid in the clearance of damaged tissue and repair. This morphological response has not been wholly established at advanced age. OW aim was to characterize muscle fiber morphology 3 and 10 days following stretch-shortening contractions (SSCs) varying in repetition number (i.e. 0, 30, SO, and 150) for young and old rats. For muscles of young rats, muscle fiber degeneration was overt at 3 days exclusively after SO or 150 SSCs and returned significantly closer to control values by 10 days. For muscles of olcl rats, no such responses were observed. Transcriptional microarray analysis at 3 clays demonstrated that muscles of young rats differentially expressed up to 2144 genes while muscles of old rats differentially expressed 47 genes. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that cellular movement was a major biological process overrepresented with genes that were significantly altered by SSCs especially for young rats. Protein levels in muscle for various cytokines and chemokines, key inflammatory factors for cell movement, increased 3- to 50-fold following high-repetition SSCs for young rats with no change for old rats. This age-related differential response was insightful given that for control (i.e. 0 SSCs) conditions, protein levels of circulatory cytokines/chemokines were increased with age. The results demonstrate ongoing systemic low-grade inflammatory signaling and subsequent desensitization of the cytokinelchemokine and morphological response to contraction-induced injury with aging features which accompany age-related impairment in muscle recovery. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rader, Erik P.] NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Rader, EP (reprint author), MS L3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM WLZ4@cdc.gov; klayner@mix.wvu.edu; atriscui@mix.wvu.edu; mqk1@cdc.gov; JGu@cdc.gov; jee6@cdc.gov; bwb3@cdc.gov FU internal funds at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health FX This study was supported by internal funds at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0531-5565 EI 1873-6815 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 72 BP 138 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.exger.2015.09.020 PG 12 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA CW4UD UT WOS:000364989100018 PM 26454037 ER PT J AU Omosun, Y McKeithen, D Ryans, K Kibakaya, C Blas-Machado, U Li, D Singh, R Inoue, K Xiong, ZG Eko, F Black, C Igietseme, J He, Q AF Omosun, Yusuf McKeithen, Danielle Ryans, Khamia Kibakaya, Caroline Blas-Machado, Uriel Li, Duo Singh, Rajesh Inoue, Koichi Xiong, Zhi-Gang Eko, Francis Black, Carolyn Igietseme, Joseph He, Qing TI Interleukin-10 Modulates Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells through Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Assembly during Chlamydia Infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; RECEPTOR; ACTIVATION; IL-10; CA2+; HOMEOSTASIS; INHIBITION; SECRETION; RESPONSES AB Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been implicated in susceptibility to genital chlamydial infection and the development of tubal pathologies. IL-10 limitation also resulted in the rapid elicitation of immune responses against Chlamydia, and decreased levels of IL-10 correlated with protective anti-Chlamydia immunity. To investigate the molecular basis for these effects, we compared the reproductive pathologies and fertility rates in Chlamydia-infected wild-type (WT) and IL-10-knockout (IL-10(-/-)) mice; we also analyzed the expression of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)/interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) superfamily, IL-1 beta production, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation, and the immunostimulatory capacity and apoptotic predilection of Chlamydia-exposed dendritic cells (DCs) from WT and IL-10(-/-) mice. Our results revealed that, in addition to the rapid clearance of infection, genitally infected IL-10(-/-) mice were protected from tubal pathologies and infertility, whereas WT (IL-10(+/+)) mice were not. Chlamydia-pulsed IL-10(-/-) DCs expressed larger numbers of TLR4/IL-1R molecules and had enhanced IL-1 beta production. In addition, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly was suppressed in IL-10(-/-) DCs through the inhibition of the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) receptor (P2X7R), an ATP-gated ion channel, and a decrease in intracellular Ca2+ levels, which inhibited DC apoptosis. Thus, the potent immunostimulatory capacity of IL-10-deficient DCs is due, at least in part, to the suppression of the intracellular inflammasome assembly, which prevents DC apoptosis, allowing efficient antigen presentation. The results indicate that IL-10 deficiency enables efficient antigen presentation by DCs for rapid and enhanced immune activation against Chlamydia, which results in rapid microbial clearance, which prevents tubal pathologies during infection. Our finding has important implications for the induction of protective immunity against Chlamydia and other infectious and noninfectious diseases by vaccines. C1 [Omosun, Yusuf; McKeithen, Danielle; Ryans, Khamia; Kibakaya, Caroline; Li, Duo; Singh, Rajesh; Eko, Francis; Igietseme, Joseph; He, Qing] Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [Omosun, Yusuf; Black, Carolyn; Igietseme, Joseph; He, Qing] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [McKeithen, Danielle; Ryans, Khamia] Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Blas-Machado, Uriel] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Inoue, Koichi; Xiong, Zhi-Gang] Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. RP He, Q (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. EM qhe@msm.edu OI Omosun, Yusuf/0000-0003-4759-6254 FU NIH grant from NIMHD [8G12MD007602]; NIGMS [1SC1AII03041-01A1] FX This work was supported by NIH grant 8G12MD007602 from NIMHD and 1SC1AII03041-01A1 from NIGMS to Qing He. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 EI 1098-5522 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 83 IS 12 BP 4662 EP 4672 DI 10.1128/IAI.00993-15 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CW4EP UT WOS:000364944400020 PM 26371131 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Doroski, B Glick, S AF Jones, Sherry Everett Doroski, Brenda Glick, Sherry TI Association Between State Assistance on the Topic of Indoor Air Quality and School District-Level Policies That Promote Indoor Air Quality in Schools SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL NURSING LA English DT Article DE environmental health; safety; policies; procedures; safety; injury prevention; best practices; practice guidelines AB Nationally representative data from the 2012 School Health Policies and Practices Study examined whether state assistance on indoor air quality (IAQ) was associated with district-level policies and practices related to IAQ and integrated pest management (IPM). Districts in states that provided assistance on IAQ were more likely than districts not in such states to (1) have an IAQ management program (p < .001); (2) require schools to conduct periodic inspections of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system (p < .05); of the building for cracks, leaks, or past water damage (p < .01); for mold (p < .01); for clutter that prevents effective cleaning and maintenance (p < .05); of the plumbing system (p < .01); and for condensation in and around school facilities (p < .001); (3) have an engine idling reduction program ( < .001); (4) have a policy to purchase low-emitting products (p < .05); and (5) require IPM strategies (p < .05). Increasing the number of states that provide IAQ-related assistance to school districts and schools may improve school IAQ. C1 [Jones, Sherry Everett] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Doroski, Brenda] US EPA, Indoor Envirom Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Glick, Sherry] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Dallas, TX USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E75, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM sce2@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1059-8405 EI 1546-8364 J9 J SCH NURS JI J. Sch. Nurs. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 IS 6 BP 422 EP 429 DI 10.1177/1059840515579082 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA CW4MK UT WOS:000364965400006 ER PT J AU Kim, SY Ahuja, S Stampfel, C Williamson, D AF Kim, Shin Y. Ahuja, Sukhjeet Stampfel, Caroline Williamson, Dhelia TI Are Birth Certificate and Hospital Discharge Linkages Performed in 52 Jurisdictions in the United States? SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Birth certificate; Hospital discharge; Linkage; Survey ID GESTATIONAL DIABETES-MELLITUS; LINKED BIRTH; RECORD LINKAGE; INFANT-DEATH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ACCURACY AB The purpose of this study was to determine the number and characteristics of US State Registrars of Vital Statistics (Vital Registrars) and State Systems Development Initiative (SSDI) Coordinators that link birth certificate and hospital discharge data as well as using linkage processes. Vital Registrars and SSDI Coordinators in all 52 vital records jurisdictions (50 states, District of Columbia, and New York City) were asked to complete a 41-question survey. We examined frequency distributions among completed surveys using SAS 9.3. The response rate was 100 % (N = 52) for Vital Registrars and 96 % (N = 50) for SSDI Coordinators. Nearly half of Vital Registrars (n = 22) and SSDI Coordinators (n = 23) reported that their jurisdiction linked birth certificate and hospital discharge records at least once in the last 4 years. Among those who link, the majority of Vital Registrars (77.3 %) and SSDI Coordinators (82.6 %) link both maternal and infant hospital discharge records to the birth certificate. Of those who do not link, 43 % of the Vital Registrars and 55 % of SSDI Coordinators reported an interest in linking birth certificate and hospital discharge data. Reasons for not linking included lack of staff time, inability to access raw data, high cost, and unavailability of personal identifiers to link the two sources. Results of our analysis provide a national perspective on data linkage practices in the US. Our findings can be used to promote further data linkages, facilitate sharing of data and linkage methodologies, and identify uses of the resulting linked data. C1 [Kim, Shin Y.; Williamson, Dhelia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ahuja, Sukhjeet] Natl Assoc Publ Hlth Stat & Informat Syst, Hlth Stat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Stampfel, Caroline] Assoc Maternal & Child Hlth Programs, Washington, DC USA. RP Kim, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM skim1@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 EI 1573-6628 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2615 EP 2620 DI 10.1007/s10995-015-1780-4 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW4LW UT WOS:000364964000010 PM 26140836 ER PT J AU Agaku, IT Olaiya, O Quinn, C Tong, VT Kuiper, NM Conrey, EJ Sharma, AJ Mullen, S Dee, D AF Agaku, Israel T. Olaiya, Oluwatosin Quinn, Celia Tong, Van T. Kuiper, Nicole M. Conrey, Elizabeth J. Sharma, Andrea J. Mullen, Sierra Dee, Deborah TI A Mixed-Methods Assessment of a Brief Smoking Cessation Intervention Implemented in Ohio Public Health Clinics, 2013 SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Smoking; Cessation counselling; WIC; Pregnancy ID WOMEN AB A mixed-methods approach was used, comprising semi-structured interviews with clinic program directors (n = 21) and a survey of clinic staff members (n = 120), to assess implementation-related barriers, facilitators, training needs, and staff confidence in delivering the 5As. Semi-structured interviews of program directors elucidated implementation barriers including time constraints, low self-efficacy in engaging resistant clients, and paperwork-related documentation challenges. Facilitators included availability of community referral resources, and integration of cessation interventions into the clinic workflow. Program directors believed they would benefit from more hands-on training in delivering the 5As. The survey results showed that a majority of staff felt confident advising (61 %) or referring clients for tobacco dependence treatment (74 %), but fewer felt confident about discussing treatment options with clients (29 %) or providing support to clients who had relapsed (30 %). Time constraints and documentation issues were major barriers to implementing the 5As. Simplified documentation processes and training enhancements, coupled with systems change, may enhance delivery of evidence-based smoking cessation interventions. C1 [Agaku, Israel T.; Kuiper, Nicole M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Agaku, Israel T.; Olaiya, Oluwatosin; Quinn, Celia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Sci, Sci Educ & Profess Dev Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. [Olaiya, Oluwatosin; Tong, Van T.; Conrey, Elizabeth J.; Sharma, Andrea J.; Dee, Deborah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Quinn, Celia; Conrey, Elizabeth J.; Mullen, Sierra] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Quinn, Celia; Sharma, Andrea J.; Dee, Deborah] US Publ Hlth Serv Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mullen, Sierra] CDC CSTE Appl Epidemiol Fellowship Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Agaku, IT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM iagaku@cdc.gov; xdg1@cdc.gov; fyq6@cdc.gov; vct2@cdc.gov; nKuiper@cdc.gov; ElizabethJ.Conrey@odh.ohio.gov; aec4@cdc.gov; Sierra.Mullen@odh.ohio.gov; DDee@cdc.gov OI Sharma, Andrea/0000-0003-0385-0011 FU Epi-Aid mechanism, Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Epi-Aid) [2013-038]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [1U38OT000143-02] FX This study was supported by means of the Epi-Aid mechanism, Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Epi-Aid #2013-038). This study also received support in part by an appointment to the Applied Epidemiology Fellowship Program administered by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Cooperative Agreement Number 1U38OT000143-02. The authors acknowledge the following for their contributions to this study: Ohio Partners for Smoke-Free Families; the Epidemic Intelligence Service Program; and Brian King, PhD, Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 EI 1573-6628 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2654 EP 2662 DI 10.1007/s10995-015-1786-y PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW4LW UT WOS:000364964000015 PM 26179721 ER PT J AU Cioe, PA Baker, J Kojic, EM Onen, N Hammer, J Patel, P Kahler, CW AF Cioe, Patricia A. Baker, Jason Kojic, Erna M. Onen, Nur Hammer, John Patel, Pragna Kahler, Christopher W. CA SUN Study Investigators TI Elevated Soluble CD14 and Lower D-Dimer Are Associated With Cigarette Smoking and Heavy Episodic Alcohol Use in Persons Living With HIV SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE alcohol; smoking; HIV; biomarkers; cardiovascular disease; sCD14; D-dimer ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; T-CELL-ACTIVATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MICROBIAL TRANSLOCATION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MONOCYTE ACTIVATION; INFECTED PATIENTS; RISK-FACTORS; HEMOSTATIC FACTORS AB Background: Persons living with HIV are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease in part because of persistent inflammation and coagulation activation. Methods: We examined whether smoking and heavy episodic alcohol use (defined as 5 or more drinks on one occasion) were associated with greater monocyte activation (soluble CD14) and coagulation (d-dimer) in participants in the Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV and AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy (the SUN Study), a prospective observational cohort. Results: Using regression analysis (n = 689), current smoking compared with nonsmoking was associated with significantly elevated soluble CD14 (B = 135.57, 95% confidence interval: 84.95 to 186.19, P < 0.001), whereas heavy alcohol use compared with nonheavy use was associated with significantly lower d-dimer levels (B = -0.059, 95% confidence interval: -0.102 to -0.016, P = 0.007). Conclusions: Smoking cessation should be encouraged by HIV care providers to improve mortality outcomes from all causes of death, particularly cardiovascular disease. C1 [Cioe, Patricia A.; Kahler, Christopher W.] Brown Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Alcohol & Addict Studies, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Baker, Jason] Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kojic, Erna M.] Brown Univ, Dept Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Onen, Nur] Washington Univ, Sch Med St Louis, St Louis, MO USA. [Hammer, John] Denver Infect Dis Consultants, Denver, CO USA. [Patel, Pragna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cioe, PA (reprint author), Brown Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Alcohol & Addict Studies, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM patricia_cioe@brown.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2002-00610, 200-2002-00611, 200-2002-00612, 200-2002-00613, 200-2007-23633, 200-2007-23634, 200-2007-23635, 200-2007-23636]; National Institute on Drug Abuse [T32 DA016184]; National Institute for Nursing Research [r K23NR014951]; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism at the National Institutes of Health [P01 AA019072] FX Supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Contract Numbers 200-2002-00610, 200-2002-00611, 200-2002-00612, 200-2002-00613, 200-2007-23633, 200-2007-23634, 200-2007-23635, and 200-2007-23636. Additional support was provided by Grant Number T32 DA016184 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (P.A.C.), Grant Number K23NR014951 from the National Institute for Nursing Research (P.A.C.), and grant number P01 AA019072 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (C.W.K.) at the National Institutes of Health. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 70 IS 4 BP 400 EP 405 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CV5MZ UT WOS:000364316300010 PM 26181818 ER PT J AU Oster, AM Wertheim, JO Hernandez, AL Ocfemia, MCB Saduvala, N Hall, HI AF Oster, Alexandra M. Wertheim, Joel O. Hernandez, Angela L. Ocfemia, Marie Cheryl Banez Saduvala, Neeraja Hall, H. Irene TI Using Molecular HIV Surveillance Data to Understand Transmission Between Subpopulations in the United States SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; molecular epidemiology; surveillance; risk factors; men who have sex with men; intravenous drug users; women ID SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HIV/AIDS; HETEROSEXUALS; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; NETWORKS; TYPE-1 AB Background: Studying HIV transmission networks provides insight into the spread of HIV and opportunities for intervention. We identified transmission dynamics among risk groups and racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Methods: For HIV-1 pol sequences reported to the US National HIV Surveillance System during 2001-2012, we calculated pairwise genetic distance, identified linked pairs of sequences (those with distance <= 1.5%), and examined transmission category and race/ethnicity of these potential transmission partners. Results: Of 40,950 sequences, 12,910 (32%) were linked to >= 1 other sequence. Of men who have sex with men (MSM) who were linked to >= 1 sequence, 88% were linked to other MSM and only 4% were linked to heterosexual women. Of heterosexual women for whom we identified potential transmission partners, 29% were linked to MSM, 21% to heterosexual men, and 12% to persons who inject drugs. Older and black MSM were more likely to be linked to heterosexual women. Assortative mixing was present for all racial/ethnic groups; 81% of blacks/African Americans linked to other blacks. Conclusions: This analysis is the first use of US surveillance data to infer an HIV transmission network. Our data suggest that HIV infections among heterosexual women predominantly originate from MSM, followed by heterosexual men. Although few MSM were linked to women, suggesting that a minority of MSM are involved in transmission with heterosexual women, these transmissions represent a substantial proportion of HIV acquisitions by heterosexual women. Interventions that reduce transmissions involving MSM are likely to also reduce HIV acquisition among other risk groups. C1 [Oster, Alexandra M.; Hernandez, Angela L.; Ocfemia, Marie Cheryl Banez] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wertheim, Joel O.; Saduvala, Neeraja] ICF Int, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wertheim, Joel O.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Oster, AM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM AOster@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; NIH [K01AI110181] FX Supported by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. J. O. Wertheim was funded in part by an NIH K01 Career Development Award (K01AI110181). NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 70 IS 4 BP 444 EP 451 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CV5MZ UT WOS:000364316300016 PM 26302431 ER PT J AU Mansergh, G Herbst, JH Mimiaga, MJ Holman, J AF Mansergh, Gordon Herbst, Jeffrey H. Mimiaga, Matthew J. Holman, Jeremy TI Preference for Condoms, Antiretroviral Preexposure Prophylaxis, or Both Methods to Reduce Risk for HIV Acquisition Among Uninfected US Black and Latino MSM SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter C1 [Mansergh, Gordon; Herbst, Jeffrey H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Mimiaga, Matthew J.; Holman, Jeremy] John Snow Inc, Boston, MA USA. [Mimiaga, Matthew J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mimiaga, Matthew J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Mansergh, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-2012-53307] NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 70 IS 4 BP E153 EP E155 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CV5NB UT WOS:000364316500006 PM 26302430 ER PT J AU McNaghten, AD Mneimneh, AS Farirai, T Wamai, N Ntiro, M Sabatier, J Makhunga-Ramfolo, N Mwanasalli, S Awor, A Moore, J AF McNaghten, A. D. Mneimneh, Allison Schilsky Farirai, Thato Wamai, Nafuna Ntiro, Marylad Sabatier, Jennifer Makhunga-Ramfolo, Nondumiso Mwanasalli, Salli Awor, Anna Moore, Jan CA Project STATUS Study Team TI Strengthening HIV Test Access and Treatment Uptake Study (Project STATUS): A Randomized Trial of HIV Testing and Counseling Interventions SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE counseling/methods; HIV infections/diagnosis; seroprevalence; South Africa; Tanzania; Uganda ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SOUTH-AFRICA; ROUTINE; INFECTION; OUTPATIENT; MORTALITY; DURBAN AB Objective: To determine which of 3 HIV testing and counseling (HTC) models in outpatient departments (OPDs) increases HIV testing and entry of newly identified HIV-infected patients into care. Design: Randomized trial of HTC interventions. Methods: Thirty-six OPDs in South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda were randomly assigned to 3 different HTC models: (A) health care providers referred eligible patients (aged 18-49, not tested in the past year, not known HIV positive) to on-site voluntary counseling and testing for HTC offered and provided by voluntary counseling and testing counselors after clinical consultation; (B) health care providers offered and provided HTC to eligible patients during clinical consultation; and (C) nurse or lay counselors offered and provided HTC to eligible patients before clinical consultation. Data were collected from October 2011 to September 2012. We describe testing eligibility and acceptance, HIV prevalence, and referral and entry into care. Chi-square analyses were conducted to examine differences by model. Results: Of 79,910 patients, 45% were age eligible and 16,099 (45%) age eligibles were tested. Ten percent tested HIV positive. Significant differences were found in percent tested by model. The proportion of age eligible patients tested by Project STATUS was highest for model C (54.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.4 to 65.9), followed by model A (41.7%, 95% CI: 30.7 to 52.8), and then model B (33.9%, 95% CI: 25.7 to 42.1). Of the 1596 newly identified HIV positive patients, 94% were referred to care (96.1% in model A, 94.7% in model B, and 94.9% in model C), and 58% entered on-site care (74.4% in model A, 54.8% in model B, and 55.6% in model C) with no significant differences in referrals or care entry by model. Conclusions: Model C resulted in the highest proportion of all age-eligible patients receiving a test. Although 94% of STATUS patients with a positive test result were referred to care, only 58% entered care. We found no differences in patients entering care by HTC model. Routine HTC in OPDs is acceptable to patients and effective for identifying HIV-infected persons, but additional efforts are needed to increase entry to care. C1 [McNaghten, A. D.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Mneimneh, Allison Schilsky; Sabatier, Jennifer; Moore, Jan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farirai, Thato] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pretoria, South Africa. [Wamai, Nafuna; Awor, Anna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda. [Ntiro, Marylad] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Makhunga-Ramfolo, Nondumiso] Univ Res Co LLC, Pretoria, South Africa. [Mwanasalli, Salli] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP McNaghten, AD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM a.d.mcnaghten@emory.edu FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Department of State, Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC) FX Supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This study was a joint endeavor of the US government PEPFAR programs in South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, the CDC in Atlanta, and the US Agency for International Development (USAID) in Washington, DC; the Ministries of Health in the participating countries; and implementing partners working in each country. Funding for Project STATUS was provided by the Department of State, Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC). NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 70 IS 4 BP E140 EP E146 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CV5NB UT WOS:000364316500003 PM 26258567 ER PT J AU Quinn, C Demirjian, A Watkins, LF Tomczyk, S Lucas, C Brown, E Kozak-Muiznieks, N Benitez, A Garrison, LE Kunz, J Brewer, S Eitniear, S DiOrio, M AF Quinn, Celia Demirjian, Alicia Watkins, Louise Francois Tomczyk, Sara Lucas, Claressa Brown, Ellen Kozak-Muiznieks, Natalia Benitez, Alvaro Garrison, Laurel E. Kunz, Jasen Brewer, Scott Eitniear, Samantha DiOrio, Mary TI Legionnaires' Disease Outbreak at a Long-Term Care Facility Caused by a Cooling Tower Using an Automated Disinfection System-Ohio, 2013 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-BASED SCHEME; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; STRAINS; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC; GENE; NEUA AB On July 9, 2013, an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease (LD) was identified at Long-Term Care Facility A in central Ohio. This article describes the investigation of the outbreak and identification of the outbreak source, a cooling tower using an automated biocide delivery system. In total, 39 outbreak LD cases were identified; among these, six patients died. Water samples from a cooling tower were positive for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, reactive to monoclonal antibody 2, with matching sequence type to a patient isolate. An electronic control system turned off cooling tower pumps during low-demand periods, preventing delivery of disinfectant by a timed-release system, and leading to amplification of Legionella in the cooling tower. Guidelines for tower maintenance should address optimal disinfection when using automated systems. C1 [Quinn, Celia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Assigned Ohio Dept Hlth, Queens, NY 11101 USA. [Demirjian, Alicia; Watkins, Louise Francois; Tomczyk, Sara] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Queens, NY 11101 USA. [Lucas, Claressa; Brown, Ellen; Kozak-Muiznieks, Natalia; Benitez, Alvaro; Garrison, Laurel E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Queens, NY 11101 USA. [Kunz, Jasen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Queens, NY 11101 USA. [Brewer, Scott; Eitniear, Samantha] Franklin Cty Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH USA. [DiOrio, Mary] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. RP Quinn, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 42-09 28th St, Queens, NY 11101 USA. EM fyq6@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 78 IS 5 BP 8 EP 13 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV9IR UT WOS:000364601400002 PM 26738313 ER PT J AU Chiu, CH Lozier, MJ Bayleyegn, T Tait, K Barreau, T Copan, L Roisman, R Jackson, R Smorodinsky, S Kreutzer, RA Yip, F Wolkin, A AF Chiu, Cindy H. Lozier, Matthew J. Bayleyegn, Tesfaye Tait, Karen Barreau, Tracy Copan, Lori Roisman, Rachel Jackson, Rebecca Smorodinsky, Svetlana Kreutzer, Richard A. Yip, Fuyuen Wolkin, Amy TI Geothermal Gases-Community Experiences, Perceptions, and Exposures in Northern California SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; NEW-ZEALAND; ROTORUA; EMISSIONS; SYMPTOMS; FIELD AB Lake County, California, is in a high geothermal-activity area. Over the past 30 years, the city of Clearlake has reported health effects and building evacuations related to geothermal venting. Previous investigations in Clearlake revealed hydrogen sulfide at levels known to cause health effects and methane at levels that can cause explosion risks. The authors conducted an investigation in multiple cities and towns in Lake County to understand better the risk of geothermal venting to the community. They conducted household surveys and outdoor air sampling of hydrogen sulfide and methane and found community members were aware of geothermal venting and some expressed concerns. The authors did not, however, find hydrogen sulfide above the California Environmental Protection Agency air quality standard of 30 parts per billion over one hour or methane above explosive thresholds. The authors recommend improving risk communication, continuing to monitor geothermal gas effects on the community, and using community reports and complaints to monitor and document geothermal venting incidents. C1 [Chiu, Cindy H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lozier, Matthew J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bayleyegn, Tesfaye; Wolkin, Amy] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Barreau, Tracy; Copan, Lori; Roisman, Rachel; Jackson, Rebecca; Smorodinsky, Svetlana; Kreutzer, Richard A.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Sacramento, CA USA. [Yip, Fuyuen] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chiu, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM drcindyhchiu@gmail.com NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 78 IS 5 BP 14 EP 21 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV9IR UT WOS:000364601400003 PM 26738314 ER PT J AU Sabogal, RI Hubbard, B AF Sabogal, Raquel I. Hubbard, Brian TI Improving State and Local Capacity to Assess and Manage Risks Associated With Private Wells and Other Drinking Water Systems Not Covered by the Safe Drinking Water Act SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 [Sabogal, Raquel I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sabogal, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,,MS F-58, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rsabogal@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 78 IS 5 BP 40 EP 42 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV9IR UT WOS:000364601400006 PM 26738317 ER PT J AU Strosnider, H AF Strosnider, Heather TI Striving to Achieve the Mission of CDC's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Program SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Tracking Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strosnider, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Tracking Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-52, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hks9@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 78 IS 5 BP 44 EP 45 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV9IR UT WOS:000364601400007 PM 26738318 ER PT J AU Hertz, MF Jones, SE Barrios, L David-Ferdon, C Holt, M AF Hertz, Marci Feldman Jones, Sherry Everett Barrios, Lisa David-Ferdon, Corinne Holt, Melissa TI Association Between Bullying Victimization and Health Risk Behaviors Among High School Students in the United States SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescents; bullying; electronic bullying; adverse childhood experiences; health risk behaviors ID YOUTH; CHILDHOOD; INTERVENTIONS; ADOLESCENTS; EXPERIENCES; MORTALITY; PROGRAMS; IMPACT AB BACKGROUNDChildhood exposure to adverse experiences has been associated with adult asthma, smoking, sexually transmitted disease, obesity, substance use, depression, and sleep disturbances. Conceptualizing bullying as an adverse childhood experience, 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data were used to examine the relationship between in-person and electronic bullying victimization among US high school students and health risk behaviors and conditions related to violence, substance use, sexual risk, overweight and physical activity, sleep, and asthma. METHODSData were from the 2011 national YRBS among students who answered questions about in-person and electronic bullying (N=13,846). The YRBS is a biennial, nationally representative survey of students in grades 9-12 (overall response rate=71%). Logistic regression analyses, stratified by sex and controlling for race/ethnicity and grade, examined the association between bullying victimization and health risk behaviors or conditions. RESULTSRates of victimization varied; 9.4% of students reported being bullied in-person and electronically, 10.8% only bullied in-person, 6.8% only electronically bullied, and 73.0% uninvolved. Bullying was associated with nearly all health risk behaviors and conditions studied. CONCLUSIONAssessing the broad functioning and behaviors of victims of bullying could enable educators and health practitioners to intervene early and promote the long-term health of youth. C1 [Hertz, Marci Feldman] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Anal Res & Practice Integrat, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Jones, Sherry Everett; Barrios, Lisa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [David-Ferdon, Corinne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Holt, Melissa] Boston Univ, Sch Educ Counseling & Human Dev, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Hertz, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Anal Res & Practice Integrat, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F6, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MHertz@cdc.gov; sce2@cdc.gov; LBarrios@cdc.gov; CFerdon@cdc.gov; holtm@bu.edu FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-4391 EI 1746-1561 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 85 IS 12 BP 833 EP 842 DI 10.1111/josh.12339 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV5SP UT WOS:000364331700002 PM 26522172 ER PT J AU Coker, AL Fisher, BS Bush, HM Swan, SC Williams, CM Clear, ER DeGue, S AF Coker, Ann L. Fisher, Bonnie S. Bush, Heather M. Swan, Suzanne C. Williams, Corrine M. Clear, Emily R. DeGue, Sarah TI Evaluation of the Green Dot Bystander Intervention to Reduce Interpersonal Violence Among College Students Across Three Campuses SO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LA English DT Article DE bystander intervention; college students; dating violence; prevention; sexual harassment; sexual violence; stalking ID SEXUAL ASSAULT PREVENTION; DATING VIOLENCE; MENTAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; MENS PROGRAM; WOMEN; RAPE; WILLINGNESS; MILITARY; CAMPAIGN AB Evidence suggests that interventions to engage bystanders in violence prevention increase bystander intentions and efficacy to intervene, yet the impact of such programs on violence remains unknown. This study compared rates of violence by type among undergraduate students attending a college campus with the Green Dot bystander intervention (n = 2,768) with students at two colleges without bystander programs (n = 4,258). Violent victimization rates were significantly (p < .01) lower among students attending the campus with Green Dot relative to the two comparison campuses. Violence perpetration rates were lower among males attending the intervention campus. Implications of these results for research and practice are discussed. C1 [Coker, Ann L.; Bush, Heather M.; Williams, Corrine M.; Clear, Emily R.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Res Violence Women, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Fisher, Bonnie S.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Criminal Justice, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Swan, Suzanne C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Swan, Suzanne C.] Univ S Carolina, Womens & Gender Studies Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [DeGue, Sarah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Evaluat Branch, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Coker, AL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Albert B Chandler Med Ctr, C361,Pavil H, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM ann.coker@uky.edu FU University of Kentucky FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Research support was provided by the University of Kentucky. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 26 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-8012 EI 1552-8448 J9 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM JI Violence Against Women PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1507 EP 1527 DI 10.1177/1077801214545284 PG 21 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA CW2PN UT WOS:000364834800004 PM 25125493 ER PT J AU Carroll, L Ali, MK Cuff, P Huffman, MD Kelly, BB Kishore, SP Narayan, KMV Siegel, KR Vedanthan, R AF Carroll, Leigh Ali, Mohammed K. Cuff, Patricia Huffman, Mark D. Kelly, Bridget B. Kishore, Sandeep P. Narayan, K. M. Venkat Siegel, Karen R. Vedanthan, Rajesh TI Envisioning a Transdisciplinary University SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article AB Achieving social and economic growth requires collaboration, especially in global health. If universities are to improve health globally, they will need to train students and to support faculty who can effectively collaborate with those from other disciplines and cultures. C1 [Ali, Mohammed K.] Emory Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ali, Mohammed K.] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ali, Mohammed K.] Ctr Dis Control, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Huffman, Mark D.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kishore, Sandeep P.] YP CDN, Boston, MA USA. [Narayan, K. M. Venkat] Emory Global Diabet Res Ctr, Ruth & OC Hubert Chair Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Narayan, K. M. Venkat] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Siegel, Karen R.] Emory Univ, Laney Grad Sch, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Siegel, Karen R.] Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vedanthan, Rajesh] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Zena & Michael A Wiener Cardiovasc Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. FU Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health [K01 TW 009218 - 03] FX The views expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and not necessarily those of the authors' organizations or grant funders, nor of the Institute of Medicine. Author Vedanthan is supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K01 TW 009218 - 03. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1073-1105 EI 1748-720X J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2015 VL 42 SU 2 SI SI BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1111/jlme.12183 PG 9 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA AY2WI UT WOS:000347446600003 ER PT J AU Wolter, KM Tao, X Montgomery, R Smith, PJ AF Wolter, Kirk M. Tao, Xian Montgomery, Robert Smith, Philip J. TI Optimum allocation for a dual-frame telephone survey SO SURVEY METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dual-frame surveys; Optimum allocation; Sample design; National Immunization Survey AB Careful design of a dual-frame random digit dial (RDD) telephone survey requires selecting from among many options that have varying impacts on cost, precision, and coverage in order to obtain the best possible implementation of the study goals. One such consideration is whether to screen cell-phone households in order to interview cell-phone only (CPO) households and exclude dual-user household, or to take all interviews obtained via the cell-phone sample. We present a framework in which to consider the tradeoffs between these two options and a method to select the optimal design. We derive and discuss the optimum allocation of sample size between the two sampling frames and explore the choice of optimum p, the mixing parameter for the dualuser domain. We illustrate our methods using the National Immunization Survey, sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. C1 [Wolter, Kirk M.; Tao, Xian; Montgomery, Robert] Univ Chicago, NORC, 55 East Monroe St,Suite 3000, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Smith, Philip J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wolter, KM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, NORC, 55 East Monroe St,Suite 3000, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. EM wolter-kirk@norc.org; pzs6@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU STATISTICS CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 100 TUNNEYS PASTURE DRIVEWAY, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0T6, CANADA SN 0714-0045 J9 SURV METHODOL JI Surv. Methodol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 389 EP 401 PG 13 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA EF0HO UT WOS:000390006700007 ER PT J AU Ku, BK Kulkarni, P AF Ku, Bon Ki Kulkarni, Pramod TI Measurement of transport properties of aerosolized nanomaterials SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Transport properties; Aerosolized nanomaterials; Morphological descriptors; Principal component analysis ID WALLED-CARBON-NANOTUBES; INHALATION EXPOSURE; MOBILITY ANALYSIS; PARTICLE MASS; SURFACE-AREA; RATIO; LUNG AB Airborne engineered nanomaterials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized MWCNT, graphene, fullerene, silver and gold nanorods were characterized using a tandem system of a differential mobility analyzer and an aerosol particle mass analyzer to obtain their airborne transport properties and understand their relationship to morphological characteristics. These nanomaterials were aerosolized using different generation methods such as electrospray, pneumatic atomization, and dry aerosolization techniques, and their airborne transport properties such as mobility and aerodynamic diameters, mass scaling exponent, dynamic shape factor, and effective density were obtained. Laboratory experiments were conducted to directly measure mobility diameter and mass of the airborne nanomaterials using tandem mobility-mass measurements. Mass scaling exponents, aerodynamic diameters, dynamic shape factors and effective densities of mobility-classified particles were obtained from particle mass and the mobility diameter. Microscopy analysis using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was performed to obtain morphological descriptors such as envelop diameter, open area, aspect ratio, and projected area diameter. The morphological information from the TEM was compared with measured aerodynamic and mobility diameters of the particles. The results showed that aerodynamic diameter is smaller than mobility diameter below 500 nm by a factor of 2-4 for all nanomaterials except silver and gold nanorods. Morphologies of MWCNTs generated by liquid-based method, such as pneumatic atomization, are more compact than those of dry dispersed MWCNTs, indicating that the morphology depends on particle generation method. TEM analysis showed that projected area diameter of MWCNTs appears to be in reasonable agreement with mobility diameter in the size range from 100 to 400 nm. Principal component analysis of the obtained airborne particle properties also showed that the mobility diameter-based effective density and aerodynamic diameter are eigenvectors and can be used to represent key transport properties of interest. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ku, Bon Ki; Kulkarni, Pramod] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DART, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ku, BK (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DART, 1090 Tusculum Ave,MS R3, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM BKu@cdc.gov FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health through the Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC) program [CAN 927ZJLS] FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Greg Deye and Dr. Chen Wang at NIOSH for helpful discussions on this work, and Joe Fernback for TEM images. This work was funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health through the Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC) program (Project CAN 927ZJLS). NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 EI 1879-1964 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 90 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.09.001 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV3CS UT WOS:000364136400016 PM 26688593 ER PT J AU Pearson, WS Gift, TL Leichliter, JS Jenkins, WD AF Pearson, William S. Gift, Thomas L. Leichliter, Jami S. Jenkins, Wiley D. TI Differences in Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis by Ambulatory Care Setting SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Presumptive treatment; Chlamydia; Sexually transmitted infection; Sexually transmitted disease ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; NONGONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENTS; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICIANS; GONORRHEA; INFECTIONS; TRIAL AB Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the US and timely, correct treatment can reduce CT transmission and sequelae. Emergency departments (ED) are an important location for diagnosing STIs. This study compared recommended treatment of CT in EDs to treatment in physician offices. Five years of data (2006-2010) were analyzed from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (NHAMCS), including the Outpatient survey (NHAMCS-OPD) and Emergency Department survey (NHAMCS-ED). All visits with a CT diagnosis and those with a diagnosis of unspecified venereal disease were selected for analysis. Differences in receipt of recommended treatments were compared between visits to physician offices and emergency departments using Chi square tests and logistic regression models. During the 5 year period, approximately 3.2 million ambulatory care visits had diagnosed CT or an unspecified venereal disease. A greater proportion of visits to EDs received the recommended treatment for CT compared to visits to physician offices (66.1 vs. 44.9 %, p < .01). When controlling for patients' age, sex and race/ethnicity, those presenting to the ED with CT were more likely to receive the recommended antibiotic treatment than patients presenting to a physician's office (OR 2.16; 95 % CI 1.04-4.48). This effect was attenuated when further controlling for patients' expected source of payment. These analyses demonstrate differences in the treatment of CT by ambulatory care setting as well as opportunities for increasing use of recommended treatments for diagnosed cases of this important STI. C1 [Pearson, William S.; Gift, Thomas L.; Leichliter, Jami S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Jenkins, Wiley D.] So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Springfield, IL USA. RP Pearson, WS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM wpearson@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0094-5145 EI 1573-3610 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1115 EP 1121 DI 10.1007/s10900-015-0037-x PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV0XU UT WOS:000363978000009 PM 25940936 ER PT J AU de Castro, AB Gee, G Fujishiro, K Rue, T AF de Castro, A. B. Gee, Gilbert Fujishiro, Kaori Rue, Tessa TI Examining Pre-migration Health Among Filipino Nurses SO JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Philippines; Nurses; Health; Migration; Mental health ID SUBJECTIVE SOCIAL-STATUS; SELF-RATED HEALTH; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; UNITED-STATES; ASIAN-AMERICANS; MENTAL-HEALTH; PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION; RACIAL-DISCRIMINATION; NATIONAL LATINO; FUTURE-RESEARCH AB The healthy immigrant hypothesis asserts that immigrants arrive in the receiving country healthier than same race/ethnic counterparts born there. Contemporary research, however, has not evaluated pre-migration health among migrants, nor has explicitly considered comparisons with non-migrants in the country of origin. Pre-migration health was examined among 621 Filipino nurses, including self-reported physical health, mental health, health behaviors, and social stress. Measures were compared by intention to migrate and also tested as predictors of actual migration using time-to-event analysis. Nurses intending to migrate had higher proportion of depression and reported higher general perceived stress compared to those not. Predictors of actual migration included age, mentally unhealthy days, social strain, and social support. Physical health and health behavior measures had no association with migration intention or actual migration. Findings suggest that, relative to those not intending to migrate, nurses intending to migrate have worse mental health status and social stress; and, do not have a physical health advantage. Future research must span the pre- to post-migration continuum to better understand the impact of moving from one country to another on health and well-being. C1 [de Castro, A. B.] Univ Washington, Sch Nursing & Hlth Studies, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Gee, Gilbert] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Fujishiro, Kaori] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Rue, Tessa] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. RP de Castro, AB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Nursing & Hlth Studies, Box 358532, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. EM BdeCastro@uwb.edu FU National Institutes of Health-National Center for Research Resources [5KL2RR025015]; Department of Psychosocial and Community Health; Intramural Research Program (Van Hooser Research Fund) at University of Washington School of Nursing FX This study was supported by funds from the National Institutes of Health-National Center for Research Resources (Grant 5KL2RR025015), and, the Department of Psychosocial and Community Health, and Intramural Research Program (Van Hooser Research Fund) at the University of Washington School of Nursing. The authors wish to acknowledge the Occupational Health Nurses Association of the Philippines, Inc.; the Philippine Nurses Association; Mr. Eularito Tagalog; Ms. Anna Espano; Ms. Mercedes Castillo; Ms. Cecilia Rodriguez; Dr. Leah Primitiva G. Samaco-Paquiz; Dr. Teresita Barcelo; Dr. Annabelle Borromeo; and Mr. Arthur Cantos; for their assistance with this research. NIOSH disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1912 EI 1557-1920 J9 J IMMIGR MINOR HEALT JI J. Immigr. Minor. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 17 IS 6 SI SI BP 1670 EP 1678 DI 10.1007/s10903-014-0131-7 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV0YS UT WOS:000363980500010 PM 25385090 ER PT J AU Vonnahme, LA Lankau, EW Ao, T Shetty, S Cardozo, BL AF Vonnahme, Laura A. Lankau, Emily W. Ao, Trong Shetty, Sharmila Cardozo, Barbara Lopes TI Factors Associated with Symptoms of Depression Among Bhutanese Refugees in the United States SO JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Refugees; Mental health; Depression; Refugee health ID MENTAL-HEALTH; BORDER CAMPS; PREVALENCE; TRAUMA; INSTRUMENT; IMMIGRANTS; DISORDER; TORTURE; WAR AB Refugees are at risk for psychiatric morbidity, yet little is known about their mental health conditions. We identified factors associated with depression symptoms among Bhutanese refugees in the US. We randomly selected adult Bhutanese refugees (N = 386) to complete a cross-sectional survey concerning demographics, mental health symptoms, and associated risk factors. The case definition for depression symptoms was a parts per thousand yen1.75 mean depression score on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25. More women (26 %) than men (16 %) reported depression symptoms (p = 0.0097). Higher odds of depression symptoms were associated with being a family provider, self-reported poor health, and inability to read and write Nepali (OR 4.6, 39.7 and 4.3, respectively) among men; and self-reported poor health and inability to read and write Nepali (OR 7.6, and 2.6 respectively) among women. US-settled Bhutanese refugees are at risk for depression. Providers should be aware of these concerns. Culturally appropriate mental health services should be made more accessible at a local level. C1 [Vonnahme, Laura A.; Lankau, Emily W.; Shetty, Sharmila] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vonnahme, Laura A.] CDC CSTE Appl Epidemiol Fellowship Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vonnahme, Laura A.; Shetty, Sharmila] United States Publ Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Vonnahme, Laura A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Quarantine & Border Hlth Serv Branch, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Lankau, Emily W.; Ao, Trong] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ao, Trong; Cardozo, Barbara Lopes] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Dis Detect & Emergency Response, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vonnahme, LA (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Quarantine & Border Hlth Serv Branch, 701 5th Ave,Suite 1600,Rm 1630, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM kdy1@cdc.gov; emily.wheeler@alumni.rice.edu; tfa8@cdc.gov; acq1@cdc.gov; bhc8@cdc.gov OI Vonnahme, Laura/0000-0001-9781-5748 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U60/CCU007277] FX This study was partially supported in part by an appointment to the Applied Epidemiology Fellowship Program administered by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Cooperative Agreement U60/CCU007277. We want to express sincere appreciation to the Bhutanese refugee community, community leaders, interviewers and the resettlement agencies and refugee health programs in the cities of the investigation for their vital assistance with this project. Additionally, we would like to acknowledge the following individuals from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for their assistance with this project: Dr. Eboni Taylor, Curtis Blanton and Teri Sivilli. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1912 EI 1557-1920 J9 J IMMIGR MINOR HEALT JI J. Immigr. Minor. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 17 IS 6 SI SI BP 1705 EP 1714 DI 10.1007/s10903-014-0120-x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV0YS UT WOS:000363980500014 PM 25348425 ER PT J AU Valverde, EE Painter, T Heffelfinger, JD Schulden, JD Chavez, P DiNenno, EA AF Valverde, Eduardo E. Painter, Thomas Heffelfinger, James D. Schulden, Jeffrey D. Chavez, Pollyanna DiNenno, Elizabeth A. TI Migration Patterns and Characteristics of Sexual Partners Associated with Unprotected Sexual Intercourse Among Hispanic Immigrant and Migrant Women in the United States SO JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Immigrants; Migrants; Hispanic; Female; HIV ID HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTION; RISK BEHAVIORS; NORTH-CAROLINA; MEXICAN MIGRANTS; PUERTO-RICO; SELF-REPORT; HEALTH; INFECTION; LATINAS; POPULATION AB In 2011, Hispanic immigrant women comprised 44 % of HIV diagnoses among Hispanic women in the United States but little is known about factors that may place these women at risk for infection with HIV or sexually transmitted diseases. From March 2005 to February 2007, women were recruited at community-based organizations offering services to immigrant and migrant communities in five U.S. states. We report factors independently associated with unprotected anal and vaginal sex in the past 12 months among Hispanic immigrant and migrant women. Greater work-related mobility was associated with unprotected anal sex, while recency of immigration and prior refusal of HIV testing were associated with women's reports of unprotected vaginal sex. Prior sex with an injection drug user was associated with reports of both unprotected anal and vaginal sex. Findings highlight the need for HIV/STD risk reduction interventions designed specifically for Hispanic immigrant and migrant women. C1 [Valverde, Eduardo E.; Painter, Thomas; Heffelfinger, James D.; Chavez, Pollyanna; DiNenno, Elizabeth A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Schulden, Jeffrey D.] NIDA, NIH, Ctr Neurosci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Valverde, EE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM Evalverde@cdc.gov; TPainter@cdc.gov; james@icddrb.org; schuldenj@nida.nih.gov; PChavez@cdc.gov; Edinenno@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1912 EI 1557-1920 J9 J IMMIGR MINOR HEALT JI J. Immigr. Minor. Health PD DEC PY 2015 VL 17 IS 6 SI SI BP 1826 EP 1833 DI 10.1007/s10903-014-0132-6 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV0YS UT WOS:000363980500028 PM 25403987 ER PT J AU Basile, AJ Goodman, C Horiuchi, K Laven, J Panella, AJ Kosoy, O Lanciotti, RS Johnson, BW AF Basile, Alison Jane Goodman, Christin Horiuchi, Kalanthe Laven, Janeen Panella, Amanda J. Kosoy, Olga Lanciotti, Robert S. Johnson, Barbara W. TI Development and validation of an ELISA kit (YF MAC-HD) to detect IgM to yellow fever virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Yellow fever virus; IgM; ELISA; Kit; Diagnostic ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; ANTIGEN; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODY AB Yellow fever virus (YFV) is endemic in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, with around 180,000 human infections a year occurring in Africa. Serologic testing is the chief laboratory diagnostic means of identifying an outbreak and to inform the decision to commence a vaccination campaign. The World Health Organization disseminates the reagents for YFV testing to African reference laboratories, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is charged with producing and providing these reagents. The CDC M-antibody capture ELISA is a 2-day test, requiring titration of reagents when new lots are received, which leads to inconsistency in testing and wastage of material. Here we describe the development of a kit-based assay (YF MAC-HD) based upon the CDC method, that is completed in approximately 3.5 h, with equivocal samples being reflexed to an overnight protocol. The kit exhibits >90% accuracy when compared to the 2-day test. The kits were designed for use with a minimum of equipment and are stored at 4 degrees C, removing the need for freezing capacity. This kit is capable of tolerating temporary sub-optimal storage conditions which will ease shipping or power outage concerns, and a shelf life of >6 months was demonstrated with no deterioration in accuracy. All reagents necessary to run the YF MAC-HD are included in the kit and are single-use, with 8 or 24 sample options per kit. Field trials are envisioned for the near future, which will enable refinement of the method. The use of the YF MAC-HD is anticipated to reduce materials wastage, and improve the quality and consistency of YFV serologic testing in endemic areas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Basile, Alison Jane; Goodman, Christin; Horiuchi, Kalanthe; Laven, Janeen; Panella, Amanda J.; Kosoy, Olga; Lanciotti, Robert S.; Johnson, Barbara W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Basile, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3156 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM ajj1@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 EI 1879-0984 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 225 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.08.025 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA CV4WE UT WOS:000364266400008 PM 26342907 ER PT J AU Hall, G Li, K Wilton, L Wheeler, D Fogel, J Wang, L Koblin, B AF Hall, Grace Li, Keala Wilton, Leo Wheeler, Darrell Fogel, Jessica Wang, Lei Koblin, Beryl TI A Comparison of Referred Sexual Partners to Their Community Recruited Counterparts in The BROTHERS Project (HPTN 061) SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV; African American MSM; Referrals; Recruitment ID BLACK-MEN; UNITED-STATES; HIV PREVENTION; CONSPIRACY BELIEFS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RISK; CARE; INFECTION; MSM; TRANSMISSION AB The BROTHERS Project (HPTN 061) was established to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a multi-component intervention among African American MSM to reduce HIV incidence. The goal of this analysis was to determine if the sexual partner referral approach used in HPTN 061 broadened the reach of recruitment with regards to characteristics associated with higher infection rates and barriers to quality health care. Overall, referred sexual partners had notable structural barrier differences in comparison to community-recruited participants: lower income, less education, higher unemployment, HIV positive diagnosis, incarceration history, and no health insurance. The study's findings pose implications for utilizing the sexual partner referral approach in reaching African American MSM who may not be accessed by traditional recruitment methods or who are well-integrated in health care systems. C1 [Hall, Grace] Howard Brown Hlth Ctr, Chicago, IL 60613 USA. [Li, Keala; Wang, Lei] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Vaccine & Infect Dis Div, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Wilton, Leo] SUNY Binghamton, Coll Community & Publ Affairs, Dept Human Dev, Binghamton, NY USA. [Wheeler, Darrell] Loyola Univ, Grad Sch Social Work, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Fogel, Jessica] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Koblin, Beryl] New York Blood Ctr, Lab Infect Dis Prevent, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Hall, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM glh6@cdc.gov FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) [HPTN 061]; National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [UM1 AI068619, UM1 AI068617, UM1 AI068613]; Fenway Institute CRS: Harvard University CFAR [P30 AI060354]; CTU for HIV Prevention and Microbicide Research [UM1 AI069480]; George Washington University CRS: District of Columbia Developmental CFAR [P30 AI087714]; Harlem Prevention Center CRS; NY Blood Center/Union Square CRS: Columbia University CTU [5U01 AI069466]; ARRA [3U01 AI069466-03S1]; Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center CRS; Ponce de Leon Center CRS: Emory University HIV/AIDS CTU [5U01 AI069418]; CFAR [P30 AI050409]; CTSA [UL1 RR025008]; San Francisco Vaccine and Prevention CRS: ARRA [3U01 AI069496-03S1, 3U01 AI069496-03S2]; UCLA Vine Street CRS: UCLA Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases CTU [U01 AI069424]; Fenway Institute Clinical Research Site (CRS): Harvard University CFAR [P30 AI060354] FX HPTN 061 grant support was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): Cooperative Agreements UM1 AI068619, UM1 AI068617, and UM1 AI068613. Additional site funding was provided by the Fenway Institute CRS: Harvard University CFAR (P30 AI060354) and CTU for HIV Prevention and Microbicide Research (UM1 AI069480). Further support came from the George Washington University CRS: District of Columbia Developmental CFAR (P30 AI087714); Harlem Prevention Center CRS and NY Blood Center/Union Square CRS: Columbia University CTU (5U01 AI069466) and ARRA funding (3U01 AI069466-03S1). This project received support from the Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center CRS and The Ponce de Leon Center CRS: Emory University HIV/AIDS CTU (5U01 AI069418), CFAR (P30 AI050409) and CTSA (UL1 RR025008). Finally, this paper was also supported by the San Francisco Vaccine and Prevention CRS: ARRA funding (3U01 AI069496-03S1, 3U01 AI069496-03S2) in addition to the UCLA Vine Street CRS: UCLA Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases CTU (U01 AI069424). The lead author would also like to recognize the support of her colleagues and leadership at Howard Brown Health Center, Jamal Edwards, Emilio German, and her family.; HPTN 061 grant support provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): Cooperative Agreements UM1 AI068619, UM1 AI068617, and UM1 AI068613. Additional site funding-Fenway Institute Clinical Research Site (CRS): Harvard University CFAR (P30 AI060354) and CTU for HIV Prevention and Microbicide Research (UM1 AI069480); George Washington University CRS: District of Columbia Developmental CFAR (P30 AI087714); Harlem Prevention Center CRS and NY Blood Center/Union Square CRS: Columbia University CTU (5U01 AI069466) and ARRA funding (3U01 AI069466-03S1); Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center CRS and The Ponce de Leon Center CRS: Emory University HIV/AIDS CTU (5U01 AI069418), CFAR (P30 AI050409) and CTSA (UL1 RR025008); San Francisco Vaccine and Prevention CRS: ARRA funding (3U01 AI069496-03S1, 3U01 AI069496-03S2); UCLA Vine Street CRS: UCLA Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases CTU (U01 AI069424). NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 EI 1573-3254 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2214 EP 2223 DI 10.1007/s10461-015-1005-2 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA CT8CL UT WOS:000363042500008 PM 25874753 ER PT J AU Paz-Bailey, G Smith, A Masciotra, S Zhang, W Bingham, T Flynn, C German, D Al-Tayyib, A Magnus, M LaLota, M Rose, CE Owen, SM AF Paz-Bailey, G. Smith, A. Masciotra, S. Zhang, W. Bingham, T. Flynn, C. German, D. Al-Tayyib, A. Magnus, M. LaLota, M. Rose, C. E. Owen, S. M. TI Early HIV Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Five Cities in the United States SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV; Acute; Early; Recent; MSM; NHBS; United States; African American ID TRANSMISSION RISK; YOUNG MEN; BLACK; DISPARITIES; PREVENTION AB We tested blood samples from men who have sex with men (MSM) to detect early HIV infection. Early HIV included both acute (infected past 30 days) and recent (estimated recency past 240 days). Acute infections were defined as screen immunoassay (IA) negative/NAAT-positive or IA-positive/Multispot-negative/NAAT-positive. Recent infections were defined as avidity index cutoff < 30 % on an avidity-based IA and, (1) not reporting antiretroviral therapy use or, (2) HIV RNA > 150 copies/mL. Of 937 samples, 26 % (244) were HIV-infected and of these 5 % (12) were early. Of early infections, 2 were acute and 10 recent; most (8/12) were among black MSM. Early infection was associated with last partner of black race [adjusted relative risk (ARR) = 4.6, confidence intervals (CI) 1.2-17.3], receptive anal sex at last sex (ARR = 4.3, CI 1.2-15.0), and daily Internet use to meet partners/friends (ARR = 3.3, CI 1.1-9.7). Expanding prevention and treatment for black MSM will be necessary for reducing incidence in the United States. C1 [Paz-Bailey, G.; Smith, A.; Masciotra, S.; Rose, C. E.; Owen, S. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Zhang, W.] Dynamic Res Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bingham, T.] Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles Cty, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Baltimore, MA USA. [Al-Tayyib, A.] Denver Hlth & Hosp Author, Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Magnus, M.] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. [LaLota, M.] Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Paz-Bailey, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM gmb5@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We would like to thank Dr. Binh Le for his assistance and oversight during data analyses. We would like to acknowledge the contributions of the NHBS team and survey participants. Funding was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 EI 1573-3254 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2304 EP 2310 DI 10.1007/s10461-015-1011-4 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA CT8CL UT WOS:000363042500016 PM 25680518 ER PT J AU Wilton, L Koblin, B Nandi, V Xu, GZ Latkin, C Seal, D Flores, SA Spikes, P AF Wilton, Leo Koblin, Beryl Nandi, Vijay Xu, Guozhen Latkin, Carl Seal, David Flores, Stephen A. Spikes, Pilgrim TI Correlates of Seroadaptation Strategies Among Black Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) in 4 US Cities SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Black MSM; Serosorting; Strategic positioning; Substance use; Mental health ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; NEW-YORK-CITY; UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE; HIV-SEROPOSITIVE MEN; UNITED-STATES; RISK BEHAVIOR; SAN-FRANCISCO; BISEXUAL MEN; LATINO MEN; SEROSORTING BEHAVIORS AB We assessed associations of demographic, psychosocial, and substance use factors with seroadaptation strategies among 835 BMSM in four US cities. Seroadaptation strategies were practiced by 59.8 % of men, with 10.5 % practicing 100 % condom use, 26.5 % serosorting, 7.2 % condom serosorting, and 15.6 % seropositioning. In multivariable analyses, compared to men who used no seroadaptation strategies, serosorters were older, were less likely to be HIV infected, had fewer male sex partners, and had higher levels of social support and sexual self-efficacy. Condom serosorters had less psychological distress, were more likely to use methamphetamine, and had higher levels of sexual self-efficacy. Seropositioners were older, were less likely to be HIV infected, to have a main partner, and report alcohol/drug use with sex, while having higher levels of sexual self-efficacy. Seroadaptation practices among BMSM need to be considered to address perceived safer sex strategies and strengthen access to a broader reach of culturally-relevant prevention efforts. C1 [Wilton, Leo] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Human Dev, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Wilton, Leo] Univ Johannesburg, Fac Humanities, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Koblin, Beryl; Nandi, Vijay; Xu, Guozhen] New York Blood Ctr, Lab Infect Dis Prevent, New York, NY USA. [Latkin, Carl] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Baltimore, MD USA. [Seal, David] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Global Community Hlth & Behav Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Flores, Stephen A.; Spikes, Pilgrim] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wilton, L (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Human Dev, 4400 Vestal Pkwy East, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM lwilton@binghamton.edu FU New York Blood Center [3UR6PS000437-03W1]; Center for AIDS Intervention Research - Medical College of Wisconsin [3UR6PS000434-03W1]; Howard Brown Health Center [3UR6PS000429-03W1]; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [5UR6PS000355-03]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This study was supported by a cooperative agreement between the New York Blood Center (3UR6PS000437-03W1), Center for AIDS Intervention Research - Medical College of Wisconsin (3UR6PS000434-03W1), Howard Brown Health Center (3UR6PS000429-03W1), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (5UR6PS000355-03) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The study teams acknowledge all of the study participants who volunteered for the projects and the study staff for their commitment to the success of the projects. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00691496. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 EI 1573-3254 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2333 EP 2346 DI 10.1007/s10461-015-1190-z PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA CT8CL UT WOS:000363042500020 PM 26363789 ER PT J AU Abad, N Baack, BN O'Leary, A Mizuno, Y Herbst, JH Lyles, CM AF Abad, Neetu Baack, Brittney N. O'Leary, Ann Mizuno, Yuko Herbst, Jeffrey H. Lyles, Cynthia M. TI A Systematic Review of HIV and STI Behavior Change Interventions for Female Sex Workers in the United States (vol 19, pg 1701, 2015) SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Correction C1 [Abad, Neetu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHHSTP, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Baack, Brittney N.; O'Leary, Ann; Mizuno, Yuko; Lyles, Cynthia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Herbst, Jeffrey H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCIPC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Abad, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHHSTP, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vjx3@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 EI 1573-3254 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2380 EP 2380 DI 10.1007/s10461-015-1170-3 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA CT8CL UT WOS:000363042500024 PM 26358543 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Roberge, RJ Powell, JB AF Kim, Jung-Hyun Roberge, Raymond J. Powell, Jeffrey B. TI Effect of wearing an N95 respirator on infrared tympanic membrane temperature measurements SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MONITORING AND COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE N95 filtering facepiece respirators; Tympanic membrane temperature ID FILTERING FACEPIECE RESPIRATORS; SKIN TEMPERATURE; HEAD; PREGNANCY; RESPONSES; PRESSURE AB To determine the impact of wearing an N95 filtering facepiece respirator (N95 FFR) on tympanic temperature measurements. TMT measurements, with and without wearing an N95 filtering facepiece respirator (N95 FFR) were obtained at the onset and termination of 1 h of treadmill exercise in 21 subjects, and at staggered time intervals (0, 20, 40, 60 min) during combined sedentary activity and exercise of another 46 subjects, to determine any effect on TMT. A total of 877 TMT measurements were obtained that demonstrated a mean TMT increase of 0.05 A degrees C in the first study group (p = 0.04) and a 0.19 A degrees C decrease in the second study group (p < 0.001) with the wearing of an N95 FFR, both of which were lower than controls. Wearing an N95 FFR for 1 h, at different levels of activity, results in significantly lower TMT values than not wearing an N95 FFR, but the magnitude of the changes would likely have minimal clinical significance. C1 [Kim, Jung-Hyun; Roberge, Raymond J.; Powell, Jeffrey B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Technol Res Branch, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Roberge, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Technol Res Branch, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, 636 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM dtn0@cdc.gov FU National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Financial support for this study came from internal operating funds of the National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1387-1307 EI 1573-2614 J9 J CLIN MONIT COMPUT JI J. Clin. Monitor. Comp. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 29 IS 6 BP 691 EP 695 DI 10.1007/s10877-014-9651-x PG 5 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA CU5EH UT WOS:000363554100004 PM 25527258 ER PT J AU Silver, SR Bertke, SJ Hines, CJ Alavanja, MCR Hoppin, JA Lubin, JH Rusiecki, JA Sandler, DP Freeman, LEB AF Silver, Sharon R. Bertke, Steven J. Hines, Cynthia J. Alavanja, Michael C. R. Hoppin, Jane A. Lubin, Jay H. Rusiecki, Jennifer A. Sandler, Dale P. Freeman, Laura E. Beane TI Cancer incidence and metolachlor use in the Agricultural Health Study: An update SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE cancer; epidemiology; pesticide; occupation ID PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; HERBICIDE METOLACHLOR; S-METOLACHLOR; HEPG2 CELLS; ALACHLOR; CYTOTOXICITY; MUTAGENICITY; INFORMATION; METABOLITES; EXPOSURE AB Metolachlor, a widely used herbicide, is classified as a Group C carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency based on increased liver neoplasms in female rats. Epidemiologic studies of the health effects of metolachlor have been limited. The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a prospective cohort study including licensed private and commercial pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina enrolled 1993-1997. We evaluated cancer incidence through 2010/2011 (NC/IA) for 49,616 applicators, 53% of whom reported ever using metolachlor. We used Poisson regression to evaluate relations between two metrics of metolachlor use (lifetime days, intensity-weighted lifetime days) and cancer incidence. We saw no association between metolachlor use and incidence of all cancers combined (n = 5,701 with a 5-year lag) or most site-specific cancers. For liver cancer, in analyses restricted to exposed workers, elevations observed at higher categories of use were not statistically significant. However, trends for both lifetime and intensity-weighted lifetime days of metolachor use were positive and statistically significant with an unexposed reference group. A similar pattern was observed for follicular cell lymphoma, but no other lymphoma subtypes. An earlier suggestion of increased lung cancer risk at high levels of metolachlor use in this cohort was not confirmed in this update. This suggestion of an association between metolachlor and liver cancer among pesticide applicators is a novel finding and echoes observation of increased liver neoplasms in some animal studies. However, our findings for both liver cancer and follicular cell lymphoma warrant follow-up to better differentiate effects of metolachlor use from other factors. C1 [Silver, Sharon R.; Bertke, Steven J.; Hines, Cynthia J.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Alavanja, Michael C. R.; Lubin, Jay H.; Freeman, Laura E. Beane] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hoppin, Jane A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Rusiecki, Jennifer A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biostat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Sandler, Dale P.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Silver, SR (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ssilver@cdc.gov RI Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015; OI Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124; Silver, Sharon/0000-0002-7679-5028; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics [Z01CP010119]; Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences [Z01ES049030] FX Grant sponsor: Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; Grant number: Z01CP010119; Grant sponsor: Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences; Grant number: Z01ES049030 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7136 EI 1097-0215 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 11 BP 2630 EP 2643 DI 10.1002/ijc.29621 PG 14 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CT5IU UT WOS:000362843000010 PM 26033014 ER PT J AU Roy, SL Atkins, JT Gennuso, R Kofos, D Sriram, RR Dorlo, TPC Hayes, T Qvarnstrom, Y Kucerova, Z Guglielmo, BJ Visvesvara, GS AF Roy, Sharon L. Atkins, Jane T. Gennuso, Rosemaria Kofos, Danny Sriram, Rama R. Dorlo, Thomas P. C. Hayes, Teresa Qvarnstrom, Yvonne Kucerova, Zuzana Guglielmo, B. Joseph Visvesvara, Govinda S. TI Assessment of blood-brain barrier penetration of miltefosine used to treat a fatal case of granulomatous amebic encephalitis possibly caused by an unusual Balamuthia mandrillaris strain SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Balamuthia; Granulomatous; Encephalitis; Miltefosine ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; ACANTHAMOEBA SPP.; NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI; PCR ASSAY; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; LEISHMANIASIS; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AGENT AB Balamuthia mandrillaris, a free-living ameba, causes rare but frequently fatal granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE). Few patients have survived after receiving experimental drug combinations, with or without brain lesion excisions. Some GAE survivors have been treated with a multi-drug regimen including miltefosine, an investigational anti-leishmanial agent with in vitro amebacidal activity. Miltefosine dosing for GAE has been based on leishmaniasis dosing because no data exist in humans concerning its pharmacologic distribution in the central nervous system. We describe results of limited cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum drug level testing performed during clinical management of a child with fatal GAE who was treated with a multiple drug regimen including miltefosine. Brain biopsy specimens, CSF, and sera were tested for B. mandrillaris using multiple techniques, including culture, real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical techniques, and serology. CSF and serum miltefosine levels were determined using a liquid chromatography method coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The CSF miltefosine concentration on hospital admission day 12 was 0.4 mu g/mL. The serum miltefosine concentration on day 37, about 80 h post-miltefosine treatment, was 15.3 mu g/mL. These are the first results confirming some blood-brain barrier penetration by miltefosine in a human, although with low-level CSF accumulation. Further evaluation of brain parenchyma penetration is required to determine optimal miltefosine dosing for Balamuthia GAE, balanced with the drug's toxicity profile. Additionally, the Balamuthia isolate was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), demonstrating genetic variability in 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) sequences and possibly signaling the first identification of multiple Balamuthia strains with varying pathogenicities. C1 [Roy, Sharon L.; Sriram, Rama R.; Kucerova, Zuzana; Visvesvara, Govinda S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Atkins, Jane T.; Gennuso, Rosemaria; Kofos, Danny] Methodist Childrens Hosp, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Dorlo, Thomas P. C.] Slotervaart Hosp, Netherlands Canc Inst, Dept Pharm & Pharmacol, NL-1066 EC Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Dorlo, Thomas P. C.] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Hayes, Teresa] Methodist Hosp, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Qvarnstrom, Yvonne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Guglielmo, B. Joseph] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Roy, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM str2@cdc.gov RI Dorlo, Thomas/F-1339-2011 OI Dorlo, Thomas/0000-0003-3076-8435 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 114 IS 12 BP 4431 EP 4439 DI 10.1007/s00436-015-4684-8 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA CT6BM UT WOS:000362895700010 PM 26329128 ER PT J AU Holland, KM Vivolo-Kantor, AM Dela Cruz, J Massetti, GM Mahendra, R AF Holland, Kristin M. Vivolo-Kantor, Alana M. Dela Cruz, Jason Massetti, Greta M. Mahendra, Reshma TI A qualitative evaluation of the 2005-2011 National Academic Centers of Excellence in Youth Violence Prevention Program SO EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Qualitative evaluation; Performance indicators; Program evaluation; Information system; Academic Centers of Excellence in Youth; Violence Prevention AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Violence Prevention (DVP) funded eight National Academic Centers of Excellence (ACEs) in Youth Violence Prevention from 2005 to 2010 and two Urban Partnership Academic Centers of Excellence (UPACEs) in Youth Violence Prevention from 2006 to 2011. The ACEs and UPACEs constitute DVP's 2005-2011 ACE Program. ACE Program goals include partnering with communities to promote youth violence (YV) prevention and fostering connections between research and community practice. This article describes a qualitative evaluation of the 2005-2011 ACE Program using an innovative approach for collecting and analyzing data from multiple large research centers via a web-based Information System (ACE-IS). The ACE-IS was established as an efficient mechanism to collect and document ACE research and programmatic activities. Performance indicators for the ACE Program were established in an ACE Program logic model. Data on performance indicators were collected through the ACE-IS biannually. Data assessed Centers' ability to develop, implement, and evaluate YV prevention activities. Performance indicator data demonstrate substantial progress on Centers' research in YV risk and protective factors, community partnerships, and other accomplishments. Findings provide important lessons learned, illustrate progress made by the Centers, and point to new directions for YV prevention research and programmatic efforts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Holland, Kristin M.; Vivolo-Kantor, Alana M.; Dela Cruz, Jason; Massetti, Greta M.; Mahendra, Reshma] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Holland, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM KHolland@cdc.gov RI Figueroa Ossa, Ulda Omar/N-5821-2016; OI Massetti, Greta/0000-0002-3813-9839 FU NCIPC CDC HHS [U49CE001093, U01CE001986, U38CE001061, U49CE000728, U49CE000730, U49CE000732, U49CE000734, U49CE000740, U49CE000743, U49CE001091] NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7189 EI 1873-7870 J9 EVAL PROGRAM PLANN JI Eval. Program Plan. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 53 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.08.005 PG 11 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA CT2FX UT WOS:000362618500010 PM 26319174 ER PT J AU Dickerson, AS Rahbar, MH Han, I Bakian, AV Bilder, DA Harrington, RA Pettygrove, S Durkin, M Kirby, RS Wingate, MS Tian, LH Zahorodny, WM Pearson, DA Moye, LA Baio, J AF Dickerson, Aisha S. Rahbar, Mohammad H. Han, Inkyu Bakian, Amanda V. Bilder, Deborah A. Harrington, Rebecca A. Pettygrove, Sydney Durkin, Maureen Kirby, Russell S. Wingate, Martha Slay Tian, Lin Hui Zahorodny, Walter M. Pearson, Deborah A. Moye, Lemuel A., III Baio, Jon TI Autism spectrum disorder prevalence and proximity to industrial facilities releasing arsenic, lead or mercury SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Metals; Autism spectrum disorder; Environment; Distance; Pollution ID HAZARDOUS AIR-POLLUTANTS; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; BLOOD-LEAD; RESIDENTIAL PROXIMITY; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; COPPER SMELTER; BIRTH-WEIGHT; WASTE SITES; AMBIENT AIR AB Prenatal and perinatal exposures to air pollutants have been shown to adversely affect birth outcomes in offspring and may contribute to prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). For this ecologic study, we evaluated the association between ASD prevalence, at the census tract level, and proximity of tract centroids to the closest industrial facilities releasing arsenic, lead or mercury during the 1990s. We used 2000 to 2008 surveillance data from five sites of the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) network and 2000 census data to estimate prevalence. Multi-level negative binomial regression models were used to test associations between ASD prevalence and proximity to industrial facilities in existence from 1991 to 1999 according to the US Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory (USEPA-TRI). Data for 2489 census tracts showed that after adjustment for demographic and socio-economic area-based characteristics, ASD prevalence was higher in census tracts located in the closest 10th percentile compared of distance to those in the furthest 50th percentile (adjusted RR = 1.27, 95% CI: (1.00, 1.61), P = 0.049). The findings observed in this study are suggestive of the association between urban residential proximity to industrial facilities emitting air pollutants and higher ASD prevalence. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dickerson, Aisha S.; Rahbar, Mohammad H.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, BERD Core, CCTS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Rahbar, Mohammad H.; Han, Inkyu] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth Houston, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci EHGES, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Bakian, Amanda V.; Bilder, Deborah A.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Child Psychiat, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Harrington, Rebecca A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Pettygrove, Sydney] Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Durkin, Maureen] Univ ofWisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Kirby, Russell S.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Wingate, Martha Slay] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Care Org & Policy, Birmingham, AL 35205 USA. [Tian, Lin Hui; Baio, Jon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zahorodny, Walter M.] Rutgers New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Pearson, Deborah A.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77054 USA. [Moye, Lemuel A., III] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth Houston, Div Biostat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Dickerson, AS (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Biostat Epidemiol Res Design Component Ctr Clin &, 6410 Fannin St,UT Profess Bldg Suite 1100-05, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Aisha.S.Dickerson@uth.tmc.edu; Mohammad.H.Rahbar@uth.tmc.edu; Inkyu.Han@uth.tmc.edu; Amanda.Bakian@hsc.utah.edu; Deborah.Bilder@hsc.utah.edu; rharrin5@jhu.edu; sydneyp@u.arizona.edu; mdurkin@wisc.edu; rkirby@health.usf.edu; mslay@uab.edu; bsr4@cdc.gov; zahorodn@njms.rutgers.edu; Deborah.A.Pearson@uth.tmc.edu; Lemuel.A.Moye@uth.tmc.edu; xzb1@cdc.gov OI Dickerson, Aisha/0000-0003-3929-9540 FU NIH Centers for Translational Science Award (NIH CTSA) [UL1 RR024148]; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) [UL1 TR000371] FX We thank the schools and service providers in Arizona, Maryland, New Jersey, South Carolina, and Utah who provided records for surveillance of children with ASD to the participating ADDM sites. We also acknowledge the support and resources provided by the Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) component of the Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS) for this project. CCTS is mainly funded by the NIH Centers for Translational Science Award (NIH CTSA) grant (UL1 RR024148), awarded to the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston in 2006 by the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) and its renewal (UL1 TR000371) by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NCRR, NCATS, Research Data Center, National Center for Health Statistics, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 536 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.024 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR2VV UT WOS:000361189800028 PM 26218563 ER PT J AU Laguio-Vila, MR Thompson, MG Reynolds, S Spencer, SM Gaglani, M Naleway, A Ball, S Bozeman, S Baker, S Martinez-Sobrido, L Levine, M Katz, J Fry, AM Treanor, JJ AF Laguio-Vila, Maryrose R. Thompson, Mark G. Reynolds, Sue Spencer, Sarah M. Gaglani, Manjusha Naleway, Allison Ball, Sarah Bozeman, Sam Baker, Steven Martinez-Sobrido, Luis Levine, Min Katz, Jackie Fry, Alicia M. Treanor, John J. TI Comparison of Serum Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Inhibition Antibodies After 2010-2011 Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccination in Healthcare Personnel SO OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antibody; hemagglutinin-inhibition; influenza; neuraminidase-inhibition; vaccine ID VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; LETHAL INFLUENZA; RESPONSES; PROTECTION; H1N1; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; INFECTION; VACCINES; IMMUNITY AB Background. Most inactivated influenza vaccines contain purified and standardized hemagglutinin (HA) and residual neuraminidase (NA) antigens. Vaccine-associated HA antibody responses (hemagglutination inhibition [HAI]) are well described, but less is known about the immune response to the NA. Methods. Serum of 1349 healthcare personnel (HCP) electing or declining the 2010-2011 trivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine ([IIV3], containing A/California/7/2009 p(H1N1), A/Perth/16/2009 [H3N2], B/Brisbane/60/2008 strains) were tested for NA-inhibiting (NAI) antibody by a modified lectin-based assay using pseudotyped N1 and N2 influenza A viruses with an irrelevant (H5) HA. Neuraminidase-inhibiting and HAI antibody titers were evaluated approximately 30 days after vaccination and end-of-season for those with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza infection. Results. In 916 HCP (68%) receiving IIV3, a 2-fold increase in N1 and N2 NAI antibody occurred in 63.7% and 47.3%, respectively. Smaller responses occurred in HCP age >50 years and those without prior 2009-2010 IIV3 nor monovalent A(H1N1) pdm09 influenza vaccinations. Forty-four PCR-confirmed influenza infections were observed, primarily affecting those with lower pre-exposure HAI and NAI antibodies. Higher pre-NAI titers correlated with shorter duration of illness for A(H1N1) pdm09 virus infections. Conclusions. Trivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine is modestly immunogenic for N1 and N2 antigens in HCP. Vaccines eliciting robust NA immune responses may improve efficacy and reduce influenza-associated morbidity. C1 [Laguio-Vila, Maryrose R.; Treanor, John J.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Baker, Steven; Martinez-Sobrido, Luis] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Thompson, Mark G.; Reynolds, Sue; Spencer, Sarah M.; Levine, Min; Katz, Jackie; Fry, Alicia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Prevent Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gaglani, Manjusha] Baylor Scott & White Hlth, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Temple, TX USA. [Naleway, Allison] Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. [Ball, Sarah; Bozeman, Sam] Abt Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Laguio-Vila, MR (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 689, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM maryrose.laguio@rochestergeneral.org NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2328-8957 J9 OPEN FORUM INFECT DI JI Open Forum Infect. Dis. PD WIN PY 2015 VL 2 IS 1 DI 10.1093/ofid/ofu115 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CP5KQ UT WOS:000359921100018 ER PT J AU Laidler, MR Thomas, A Baumbach, J Kirley, PD Meek, J Aragon, D Morin, C Ryan, PA Schaffner, W Zansky, SM Chaves, SS AF Laidler, Matthew R. Thomas, Ann Baumbach, Joan Kirley, Pam Daily Meek, James Aragon, Deborah Morin, Craig Ryan, Patricia A. Schaffner, William Zansky, Shelley M. Chaves, Sandra S. TI Statin Treatment and Mortality: Propensity Score-Matched Analyses of 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Hospitalizations SO OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE immunomodulatory agents; influenza; influenza mortality; pandemic; pandemic H1N1; statins ID UNITED-STATES; THERAPY; SEPSIS; VIRUS; OUTCOMES; METAANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION; INFECTIONS; DISEASE; COHORT AB Background. Annual influenza epidemics are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality. The use of immunomodulatory agents such as statins to target host inflammatory responses in influenza virus infection has been suggested as an adjunct treatment, especially during pandemics, when antiviral quantities are limited or vaccine production can be delayed. Methods. We used population-based, influenza hospitalization surveillance data, propensity score-matched analysis, and Cox regression to determine whether there was an association between mortality (within 30 days of a positive influenza test) and statin treatment among hospitalized cohorts from 2 influenza seasons (October 1, 2007 to April 30, 2008 and September 1, 2009 to April 31, 2010). Results. Hazard ratios for death within the 30-day follow-up period were 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], .25-.68) for a matched sample from the 2007-2008 season and 0.77 (95% CI, .43-1.36) for a matched sample from the 2009 pandemic. Conclusions. The analysis suggests a protective effect against death from influenza among patients hospitalized in 2007-2008 but not during the pandemic. Sensitivity analysis indicates the findings for 2007-2008 may be influenced by unmeasured confounders. This analysis does not support using statins as an adjunct treatment for preventing death among persons hospitalized for influenza. C1 [Laidler, Matthew R.; Thomas, Ann] Oregon Hlth Author, Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Baumbach, Joan] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Kirley, Pam Daily] Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. [Meek, James] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Aragon, Deborah] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Morin, Craig] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Ryan, Patricia A.] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Schaffner, William] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Zansky, Shelley M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Chaves, Sandra S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Laidler, MR (reprint author), Oregon Publ Hlth Div, 800 NE Oregon ST,STE 730, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM matthew.laidler@state.or.us NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2328-8957 J9 OPEN FORUM INFECT DI JI Open Forum Infect. Dis. PD WIN PY 2015 VL 2 IS 1 DI 10.1093/ofid/ofv028 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CP5KQ UT WOS:000359921100019 ER PT J AU Lebo, EJ Kruszon-Moran, DM Marin, M Bellini, WJ Schmid, S Bialek, SR Wallace, GS McLean, HQ AF Lebo, Emmaculate J. Kruszon-Moran, Deanna M. Marin, Mona Bellini, William J. Schmid, Scott Bialek, Stephanie R. Wallace, Gregory S. McLean, Huong Q. TI Seroprevalence of Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella Antibodies in the United States Population, 2009-2010 SO OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antibodies; chickenpox; measles; mumps; NHANES; rubella; seroepidemiologic studies ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; US POPULATION; ELIMINATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; HEALTH AB Background. In the United States, measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella immunity is now primarily achieved through vaccination. Monitoring population immunity is necessary. Methods. We evaluated seroprevalence of antibodies to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2009-2010. Results. Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella seroprevalence was 92.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.9%-93.0%), 87.6% (CI, 85.8%-89.2%), 95.3% (CI, 94.3%-96.2%), and 97.8% (CI, 97.1%-98.3%), respectively. United States (US)-born persons had lower mumps seroprevalence and higher varicella seroprevalence than non-US born persons. Conclusions. Seroprevalence was high (88%-98%) for all 4 viruses in the US population during 2009-2010. C1 [Lebo, Emmaculate J.; Marin, Mona; Bellini, William J.; Schmid, Scott; Bialek, Stephanie R.; Wallace, Gregory S.; McLean, Huong Q.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kruszon-Moran, Deanna M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Hyattsville, MD USA. [McLean, Huong Q.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Marshfield, WI USA. RP Lebo, EJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A04, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM elebo@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2328-8957 J9 OPEN FORUM INFECT DI JI Open Forum Infect. Dis. PD WIN PY 2015 VL 2 IS 1 DI 10.1093/ofid/ofv006 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CP5KQ UT WOS:000359921100021 ER PT J AU Zilversmit, L Kane, DJ Rochat, R Rodgers, T Russell, B AF Zilversmit, Leah Kane, Debra J. Rochat, Roger Rodgers, Tracy Russell, Bob TI Factors associated with receiving treatment for dental decay among Medicaid-enrolled children younger than 12 years of age in Iowa, 2010 SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE dental home; oral health; dental; dental caries; dental screening; Medicaid; pediatric oral health ID PRIMARY-CARE; ORAL-HEALTH; ACCESS; DISPARITIES AB ObjectivesThe Iowa Department of Public Health I-Smile program provides dental screening and care coordination to over 23,000 low-income and Medicaid-enrolled children per year. The purposes of this study were to evaluate I-Smile program effectiveness to ensure that Medicaid-enrolled children obtained dental treatment after having been screened and to determine the factors associated with failure to receive dental care after screening through the I-Smile program. MethodsBased on I-Smile program priorities, we limited our sample to children younger than 12 years of age who screened positive for decay and who linked to a paid Medicaid claim for dental treatment (n=1,816). We conducted bivariate analyses to examine associations between children's characteristics who screened positive for decay and received treatment within 6 months of their initial screening. We also performed multivariate logistic regression to assess the association of sociodemographic characteristics with receipt of treatment among children who screened positive for decay. ResultsEleven percent of children screened positive for decay. Nearly 24 percent of children with decay received treatment based on a Medicaid-paid claim. Being 5 years or older [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.48, confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 1.88] and not having a dental home (aOR: 1.90, CI: 1.41, 2.58) were associated with higher odds of not receiving dental treatment. ConclusionsChildren 5 years and older and without a dental home were less likely to obtain dental treatment. Opportunities exist for the I-Smile program to increase the numbers of at-risk children with dental homes and who obtain dental care after screening. C1 [Zilversmit, Leah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maputo, Mozambique. [Zilversmit, Leah] Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Maputo, Mozambique. [Zilversmit, Leah] Assoc Programs Publ Hlth, Maputo, Mozambique. [Zilversmit, Leah; Rochat, Roger] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kane, Debra J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kane, Debra J.] Bur Family Hlth, Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA USA. [Rodgers, Tracy; Russell, Bob] Bur Oral & Hlth Delivery Syst, Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA USA. RP Zilversmit, L (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM LZilversmit@cdc.gov FU Graduate Student Internship Program (GSIP) offered through the US Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) - Altarum pairs students with state MCH epidemiologists; Department's Bureau of Family Health; Iowa Department of Human Services-Iowa Medicaid Enterprise FX The Graduate Student Internship Program (GSIP) offered through the US Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) and funded by Altarum pairs students with state MCH epidemiologists. This study presents a project completed through GSIP for the Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH). We acknowledge the Department's Bureau of Family Health and the Iowa Department of Human Services-Iowa Medicaid Enterprise for their help and support during this study. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 93 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-4006 EI 1752-7325 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD WIN PY 2015 VL 75 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1111/jphd.12066 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CD2KE UT WOS:000350905900003 PM 25131658 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lehmann, T Lautner, F Kwok, OCH Gamble, HR AF Dubey, J. P. Lehmann, T. Lautner, F. Kwok, O. C. H. Gamble, H. R. TI Toxoplasmosis in sentinel chickens (Gallus domesticus) in New England farms: Seroconversion, distribution of tissue cysts in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle by bioassay in mice and cats SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Chickens; Gallus domesticus; Seroconversion; Tissue cyst distribution ID GONDII INFECTION; OOCYSTS; STATES AB Free-range chickens are a good indicator of soil contamination with oocysts because they feed from the ground and they are also an important source of infection for cats that in turn shed oocysts after eating tissues of intermediate hosts. Little is known of the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in chickens. In the present study 90 Toxoplasma gondii seronegative, sentinel chickens were placed on three (30 each) swine farms in New England in November, 2003. Chickens were bled monthly and their sera were tested for T. gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (MAT, cut-off 1:25). Chickens that seroconverted were euthanized and their tissues were bioassayed in mice, cats, or both. Over the course of the experiment (7 months), 31 of 71 chickens seroconverted (MAT 1:100 or higher). Tissues of 26 seropositive chickens were bioassayed in both cats and mice; viable T. gondii was isolated, by bioassay in mice, from hearts (whole) of all 26 chickens, brains (whole) of 3 chickens and leg muscles (25 g) of 11 chickens; 21 of 26 cats fed 250 g of muscle from seropositive chickens excreted T. gondii oocysts. Results indicated that the density of T. gondii in poultry muscle is low but heart is the tissue of choice for isolation of viable parasites. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Kwok, O. C. H.] ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lehmann, T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Gamble, H. R.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov FU Food Safety Initiative, Center for Diseases Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia FX This research was supported, in part, by the Food Safety Initiative, Center for Diseases Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Health and Human Services or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 30 PY 2015 VL 214 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.09.004 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA CY9ZO UT WOS:000366765100009 PM 26391819 ER PT J AU Crepaz, N Baack, BN Higa, DH Mullins, MM AF Crepaz, Nicole Baack, Brittney N. Higa, Darrel H. Mullins, Mary M. TI Effects of integrated interventions on transmission risk and care continuum outcomes in persons living with HIV: meta-analysis, 1996-2014 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV transmission risk; integrated HIV interventions; medication adherence; people living with HIV; retention in HIV care ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ADHERENCE; RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIALS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; REDUCTION INTERVENTION; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; VIRAL LOAD; PREVENTION; BEHAVIORS; EFFICACY; PEOPLE AB Background: Reducing HIV infection and improving outcomes along the continuum of HIV care are high priorities of the US National HIV/AIDS strategy. Interventions that target multiple problem behaviors simultaneously in an integrated approach (referred to as integrated interventions) may improve prevention and care outcomes of persons living with HIV (PLWH). This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effects of integrated interventions. Methods: A systematic review, including both electronic and hand searches, was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1996 and 2014 that were designed to target at least two of the following behaviors among PLWH: HIV transmission risk behaviors, HIV care engagement, and medication adherence. Effect sizes were meta-analyzed using random-effects models. Results: Fifteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Integrated interventions significantly reduced sex without condoms [odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.59, 0.94, P=0.013, 13 effect sizes] and had marginally significant effects on improving medication adherence behaviors (OR=1.35, 95% CI=0.98, 1.85, P=0.063, 12 effect sizes) and undetectable viral load (OR=1.46, 95% CI=0.93, 2.27, P=0.098, seven effect sizes). Significant intervention effects on at least two outcomes were seen in RCTs tailored to individual needs, delivered one on one, or in settings wherein PLWH received services or care. Conclusion: Integrated interventions produced some favorable prevention and care continuum outcomes in PLWH. How to incorporate integrated interventions with other combination HIV prevention strategies to reach the optimal impact requires further research. C1 [Crepaz, Nicole; Baack, Brittney N.; Higa, Darrel H.; Mullins, Mary M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Crepaz, N (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ncrepaz@cdc.gov FU Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention at US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was supported by the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and was not funded by any other organization. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 28 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 18 BP 2371 EP 2383 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000879 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA DB4MT UT WOS:000368487800001 PM 26372483 ER PT J AU Whiteside, YO Song, RG Wertheim, JO Oster, AM AF Whiteside, Y. Omar Song, Ruiguang Wertheim, Joel O. Oster, Alexandra M. TI Molecular analysis allows inference into HIV transmission among young men who have sex with men in the United States SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE adolescent; African-Americans; Hispanic Americans; HIV; homosexuality; male; transmission; young adult ID OLDER PARTNER SELECTION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; DRUG-RESISTANCE; RISK BEHAVIOR; INFECTION; BLACK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; NETWORKS; TYPE-1 AB Objective:The objective of this study is to understand the spread of HIV among and between age and racial/ethnic groups of men who engage in male-to-male sexual contact (MSM) in the United States.Design:An analysis of HIV-1 pol sequences for MSM collected through the US National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) during 2001-2012.Methods:Pairwise genetic distance was calculated to determine potential transmission partners (those with very closely related nucleotide sequences, i.e. distance 1.5%). We described race/ethnicity and age of potential transmission partners of MSM.Results:Of 23048 MSM with HIV sequences submitted to NHSS during 2000-2012, we identified potential transmission partners for 8880 (39%). Most potential transmission partners were of the same race/ethnicity (78% for blacks/African-Americans, 64% for whites and 49% for Hispanics/Latinos). This assortative mixing was even more pronounced in the youngest age groups. Significantly fewer young black/African-American and Hispanic/Latino MSM had older potential transmission partners than young white MSM.Conclusion:Black/African-American MSM, who are more profoundly affected by HIV, were more likely to have potential HIV transmission partners who were of the same race/ethnicity and similar in age, suggesting that disparities in HIV infections are in large part not due to age-disassortative relationships. Concerted efforts to increase access to preexposure prophylaxis, quality HIV care and effective treatment are needed to interrupt transmission chains among young, black/African-American MSM. Copyright (C) 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Whiteside, Y. Omar; Song, Ruiguang; Wertheim, Joel O.; Oster, Alexandra M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Wertheim, Joel O.] ICF Int, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wertheim, Joel O.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Oster, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, NCHHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM aoster@cdc.gov FU NIH K01 Career Development Award [K01AI110181] FX We acknowledge the local and state health department staff instrumental in collecting HIV sequence and other surveillance data. We also acknowledge Angela Hernandez, M. Cheryl Banez Ocfemia and H. Irene Hall for their contributions to the collection, analysis and interpretation of these data. J.O.W. was funded in part by an NIH K01 Career Development Award (K01AI110181). Y.O.W., R.S., J.O.W. and A.M.O. designed the study. R.S., A.M.O. and Y.O.W. conducted the analysis. Y.O.W. wrote the manuscript. All authors interpreted the findings and critically revised the manuscript. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 28 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 18 BP 2517 EP 2522 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000852 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA DB4NT UT WOS:000368490600001 PM 26558547 ER PT J AU Pazol, K Creanga, AA Jamieson, DJ AF Pazol, Karen Creanga, Andreea A. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Abortion Surveillance United States, 2012 SO MMWR SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES LA English DT Article ID CONTRACEPTIVE USE; UNINTENDED PREGNANCIES; SURGICAL ABORTION; RISK-FACTORS; SERVICES; TRENDS; RATES; COMPLICATIONS; DIFFERENCE; TRIMESTER AB Problem/Condition: Since 1969, CDC has conducted abortion surveillance to document the number and characteristics of women obtaining legal induced abortions in the United States. Reporting Period Covered: 2012. Description of System: Each year, CDC requests abortion data from the central health agencies of 52 reporting areas (the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City). The reporting areas provide this information voluntarily. For 2012, data were received from 49 reporting areas. For trend analysis, abortion data were evaluated from 47 areas that reported data every year during 2003-2012. Census and natality data, respectively, were used to calculate abortion rates (number of abortions per 1,000 women) and ratios (number of abortions per 1,000 live births). Results: A total of 699,202 abortions were reported to CDC for 2012. Of these abortions, 98.4% were from the 47 reporting areas that provided data every year during 2003-2012. Among these same 47 reporting areas, the abortion rate for 2012 was 13.2 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years, and the abortion ratio was 210 abortions per 1,000 live births. From 2011 to 2012, the total number and ratio of reported abortions decreased 4% and the abortion rate decreased 5%. From 2003 to 2012, the total number, rate, and ratio of reported abortions decreased 17%, 18%, and 14%, respectively, and reached their lowest level in 2012 for the entire period of analysis (2003-2012). In 2012 and throughout the period of analysis, women in their 20s accounted for the majority of abortions and had the highest abortion rates; women in their 30s and older accounted for a much smaller percentage of abortions and had lower abortion rates. In 2012, women aged 20-24 and 25-29 years accounted for 32.8% and 25.4% of all abortions, respectively, and had abortion rates of 23.3 and 18.9 abortions per 1,000 women aged 20-24 and 25-29 years, respectively. In contrast, women aged 30-34, 35-39, and >= 40 years accounted for 16.4%, 9.1%, and 3.7% of all abortions, respectively, and had abortion rates of 12.4, 7.3, and 2.8 abortions per 1,000 women aged 30-34 years, 35-39 years, and >= 40 years, respectively. Throughout the period of analysis, abortion rates decreased among women aged 20-24, 25-29, and 30-34 years by 24%, 18%, and 10%, respectively, whereas they increased among women aged >= 40 years by 8%. In 2012, adolescents aged <15 and 15-19 years accounted for 0.4% and 12.2% of all abortions, respectively, and had abortion rates of 0.8 and 9.2 abortions per 1,000 adolescents aged <15 and 15-19 years, respectively. From 2003 to 2012, the percentage of abortions accounted for by adolescents aged 15-19 years decreased 27% and their abortion rate decreased 40%. These decreases were greater than the decreases for women in any older age group. In contrast to the percentage distribution of abortions and abortion rates by age, abortion ratios in 2012 and throughout the entire period of analysis were highest among adolescents aged <= 19 years and lowest among women aged 30-39 years. Abortion ratios decreased from 2003 to 2012 for women in all age groups. In 2012, the majority (65.8%) of abortions were performed by <= 8 weeks' gestation, and nearly all (91.4%) were performed by <= 13 weeks' gestation. Few abortions (7.2%) were performed between 14-20 weeks' gestation or at >= 21 weeks' gestation (1.3%). From 2003 to 2012, the percentage of all abortions performed at weeks' gestation increased 7%; the percentage performed at >13 weeks remained consistently low (<= 9.0%). In 2012, among the 40 reporting areas that included medical (nonsurgical) abortion on their reporting form, a total of 69.4% of abortions were performed by curettage at <= 13 weeks' gestation, 20.8% were performed by early medical abortion (a nonsurgical abortion at <= 8 weeks' gestation), and 8.7% were performed by curettage at >13 weeks' gestation; all other methods were uncommon. Among abortions performed at <= 8 weeks' gestation that were eligible on the basis of gestational age for early medical abortion, 30.8% were completed by this method. The percentage of abortions reported as early medical abortions increased 10% from 2011 to 2012. Deaths of women associated with complications from abortions for 2012 are being investigated as part of CDC's Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System. In 2011, the most recent year for which data were available, two women were identified to have died as a result of complications from known legal induced abortions. No reported deaths were associated with known illegal induced abortions. Interpretation: Among the 47 areas that reported data every year during 2003-2012, the notable decreases that occurred during 2008-2011 in the total number, rate, and ratio of reported abortions continued from 2011 to 2012 and resulted in historic lows for all three measures of abortion. Public Health Actions: The data in this report can help to identify groups of women at greatest risk for abortion and can be used to guide and evaluate prevention efforts. Because unintended pregnancy is the major contributor to abortion, and unintended pregnancies are rare among women who use the most effective methods of contraception, increasing access to and use of these methods can help further reduce the number of unintended pregnancies, and therefore abortions, performed in the United States. C1 [Pazol, Karen; Creanga, Andreea A.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pazol, K (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cdcinfo@cdc.gov NR 91 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-8636 J9 MMWR SURVEILL SUMM JI MMWR Surv. Summ. PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 10 BP 1 EP 40 PG 40 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CZ6LH UT WOS:000367212300001 PM 26619390 ER PT J AU Cox, NJ Hickling, J Jones, R Rimmelzwaan, GF Lambert, LC Boslego, J Rudenko, L Yeolekar, L Robertson, JS Hombach, J Ortiz, JR AF Cox, Nancy J. Hickling, Julian Jones, Rebecca Rimmelzwaan, Guus F. Lambert, Linda C. Boslego, John Rudenko, Larisa Yeolekar, Leena Robertson, James S. Hombach, Joachim Ortiz, Justin R. TI Report on the second WHO integrated meeting on development and clinical trials of influenza vaccines that induce broadly protective and long-lasting immune responses: Geneva, Switzerland, 5-7 May 2014 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Vaccine; Pandemic influenza vaccine; Universal influenza vaccine; H7N9 vaccine; Seasonal influenza vaccine ID DEPENDENT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY; A H7N9 VIRUS; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; SEASONAL INFLUENZA; PRODUCTION CAPACITY; PROTEIN MICROARRAY; HEMAGGLUTININ; VACCINATION; HUMANS; INFECTION AB On 5-7 May 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened the second integrated meeting on "influenza vaccines that induce broadly protective and long-lasting immune responses". Around 100 invited experts from academia, the vaccine industry, research and development funders, and regulatory and public health agencies attended the meeting. Areas covered included mechanisms of protection in natural influenza-virus infection and vaccine-induced immunity, new approaches to influenza-vaccine design and production, and novel routes of vaccine administration. A timely focus was on how this knowledge could be applied to both seasonal influenza and emerging viruses with pandemic potential such as influenza A (H7N9), currently circulating in China. Special attention was given to the development of possible universal influenza vaccines, given that the Global Vaccine Action Plan calls for at least one licensed universal influenza vaccine by 2020. This report highlights some of the topics discussed and provides an update on studies published since the report of the previous meeting. C1 [Cox, Nancy J.] Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hickling, Julian; Jones, Rebecca] Working Tandem Ltd, Cambridge CB1 7AB, England. [Rimmelzwaan, Guus F.] Erasmus MC, Dept Virol, NL-3015 CE Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Lambert, Linda C.] NIAID, Resp Dis Branch, Div Microbiol & Infect Dis, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Boslego, John] PATH, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Rudenko, Larisa] Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Expt Med, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. [Yeolekar, Leena] Serum Inst India, Vaccine Prod, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Hombach, Joachim; Ortiz, Justin R.] WHO, IVB, IVR, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Cox, NJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Rudenko, Larisa/B-5169-2015 OI Rudenko, Larisa/0000-0002-0107-9959 FU World Health Organization [001] NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 48 BP 6503 EP 6510 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.014 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0JN UT WOS:000366791200001 PM 26478203 ER PT J AU Rodgers, L Pabst, LJ Zhu, LP Chaves, SS AF Rodgers, Loren Pabst, Laura J. Zhu, Liping Chaves, Sandra S. TI Usage of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among children in the United States, 2013-14 SO VACCINE LA English DT Letter DE Immunization information systems; Registries; Vaccine coverage; Vaccination; Influenza vaccines; Influenza; Human; Child; Preschool; Quadrivalent; Trivalent ID SEASONAL INFLUENZA AB Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for everyone >= 6 months in the U.S. During the 2013-14 influenza season, in addition to trivalent influenza vaccines, quadrivalent vaccines were available, protecting against two influenza A and two influenza B viruses. We analyzed 1,976,443 immunization records from six sentinel sites to compare influenza vaccine usage among children age 6 months-18 years. A total of 983,401 (49.8%) influenza vaccine doses administered were trivalent and 920,333 (46.6%) were quadrivalent (unknown type: 72,709). Quadrivalent vaccine administration varied by age and was least frequent among those <2 years of age. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rodgers, Loren; Pabst, Laura J.; Zhu, Liping] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Informat Syst Support Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chaves, Sandra S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Preparedness Branch, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rodgers, L (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-19, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM lrodgers@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 48 BP 6517 EP 6518 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.018 PG 2 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0JN UT WOS:000366791200006 PM 26296494 ER PT J AU Moro, PL Winiecki, S Lewis, P Shimabukuro, TT Cano, M AF Moro, Pedro L. Winiecki, Scott Lewis, Paige Shimabukuro, Tom T. Cano, Maria TI Surveillance of adverse events after the first trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine produced in mammalian cell culture (Flucelvax (R)) reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), United States, 2013-2015 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Adverse event; Cell culture; Surveillance; Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine; Vaccine safety ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; IMMUNIZATION SAFETY DATA; SEASONAL INFLUENZA; ASSOCIATION; GUIDELINES; COLLECTION AB Background: In November 2012, the first cell cultured influenza vaccine, a trivalent subunit inactivated influenza vaccine (Flucelvax (R), cclIV3), was approved in the US for adults aged >= 18 years. Objective: To assess adverse events (AEs) after ccIIV3 reported to the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a spontaneous reporting surveillance system. Methods: We searched VAERS for US reports after ccIIV3 among persons vaccinated from July 1, 2013-March 31, 2015. Medical records were requested for reports classified as serious (death, hospitalization, prolonged hospitalization, disability, life-threatening-illness), and those suggesting anaphylaxis and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Physicians reviewed available information and assigned a primary clinical category using MedDRA system organ classes (SOC) to each report. Empirical Bayesian data mining was used to identify disproportional AE reporting following cclIV3. Results: VAERS received 629 reports following ccIIV3 of which 313 were for administration of vaccine to persons <18 years. Among 309 reports with an AE documented, 19(6.1%) were serious and the most common categories were 152(49.2%) general disorders and administration site conditions (mostly injection site and systemic reactions) and 73 (23.6%) immune system disorders with two reports of anaphylaxis. Four reports of GBS were submitted. Disproportional reporting was identified for 'drug administered to patient of inappropriate age.' Conclusions: Review of VAERS reports did not identify any concerning pattern of AEs after ccIIV3. Injection site and systemic reactions were the most commonly reported AEs, similar to the pre-licensure clinical trials. Reports following ccIIV3 in persons <18 years highlight the need for education of healthcare providers regarding approved cclIV3 use. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moro, Pedro L.; Lewis, Paige; Shimabukuro, Tom T.; Cano, Maria] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Winiecki, Scott] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Moro, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, NCEZID, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pmoro@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 48 BP 6684 EP 6688 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.084 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0JN UT WOS:000366791200030 PM 26518405 ER PT J AU Glanz, JM Newcomer, SR Daley, MF McClure, DL Baxter, RP Jackson, ML Naleway, AL Lugg, MM DeStefano, F AF Glanz, Jason M. Newcomer, Sophia R. Daley, Matthew F. McClure, David L. Baxter, Roger P. Jackson, Michael L. Naleway, Allison L. Lugg, Marlene M. DeStefano, Frank TI Cumulative and episodic vaccine aluminum exposure in a population-based cohort of young children SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Immunizations; Aluminum ID UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; PARENTS; SAFETY; THIMEROSAL; SCHEDULE; UNDERVACCINATION; VACCINATIONS; ASSOCIATION; DATABASES AB Background: In addition to antigens, vaccines contain small amounts of preservatives, adjuvants, and residual substances from the manufacturing process. Some parents have concerns about the safety of these ingredients, yet no large epidemiological studies have specifically examined associations between health outcomes and vaccine ingredients, other than thimerosal. This study examined the extent to which the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) could be used to study vaccine ingredient safety in children. Methods: Children born 2004-2011 were identified in VSD data. Using immunization records, two cohorts were identified: children who were up-to-date and children who were undervaccinated before age 2 years. A database was also created linking vaccine type and manufacturer with ingredient amounts documented in vaccine package inserts. Thirty-four ingredients in two or more infant vaccines were identified. However, only amounts (in mg) for aluminum were consistently documented and commonly contained in infant vaccines. Analyses compared vaccine aluminum exposure across cohorts and determined the statistical power for studying associations between aluminum exposure and hypothetical vaccine adverse events. Results: Among 408,608 children, mean cumulative vaccine aluminum exposure increased from 1.11 to 4.00 mg between ages 92-730 days. Up-to-date children were exposed to 11-26% more aluminum from vaccines than undervaccinated children. Power analyses demonstrated that safety studies of aluminum could detect relative risks ranging from 1.1 to 5.8 for a range of adverse event incidence. Conclusions: The safety of vaccine aluminum exposure can be feasibly studied in the VSD. However, possible biological mechanisms and confounding variables would need to be considered before conducting any studies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Glanz, Jason M.; Newcomer, Sophia R.; Daley, Matthew F.] Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Inst Hlth Res, Denver, CO 80218 USA. [Glanz, Jason M.] Univ Colorado, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Daley, Matthew F.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp CO, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [McClure, David L.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Baxter, Roger P.] Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Div Res, Kaiser Permanente Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Jackson, Michael L.] Grp Hlth Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Naleway, Allison L.] Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR 97227 USA. [Lugg, Marlene M.] Kaiser Permanente Dept Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [DeStefano, Frank] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glanz, JM (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Inst Hlth Res, POB 378066, Denver, CO 80237 USA. EM jason.m.glanz@kp.org; sophia.r.newcomer@kp.org; matthew.f.daley@kp.org; dave_epi@hotmail.com; roger.baxter@kp.org; jackson.ml@ghc.org; allison.naleway@kpchr.org; marlene.m.lugg@kp.org; fxd1@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Safety Datalink infrastructure task order [200-2012-53582] FX The work was funded by contract 200-2012-53582 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Safety Datalink infrastructure task order. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 48 BP 6736 EP 6744 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.076 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0JN UT WOS:000366791200037 PM 26518400 ER PT J AU Gibson, DG Ochieng, B Kagucia, EW Obor, D Odhiambo, F O'Brien, KL Feikin, DR AF Gibson, Dustin G. Ochieng, Benard Kagucia, Eunice W. Obor, David Odhiambo, Frank O'Brien, Katherine L. Feikin, Daniel R. TI Individual level determinants for not receiving immunization, receiving immunization with delay, and being severely underimmunized among rural western Kenyan children SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccination coverage; Vaccination timeliness; Fully immunized child; FIC; Underimmunization; Immunization; Vaccination; Kenya ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; VACCINATION COVERAGE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; TIMELY VACCINATION; EXPANDED PROGRAM; RISK-FACTORS; TIMELINESS; INFANTS; PERTUSSIS; VACCINES AB Background: Estimating vaccination coverage and delays are important because these measures can identify at risk sub-populations who can be targeted with interventions and public health policies. This paper sought to determine estimates and risk factors for children in rural western Kenya who did not receive immunization, received immunization with delay, or were severely underimmunized. Methods: Caregivers of children aged 12-23 months old were surveyed for immunization history using written records from the immunization booklet. Risk factors for not receiving immunization, delayed immunization, and severe underimmunization were calculated using log-binomial regression. Children were categorized as delayed if a given immunization was received greater than four weeks from the age-appropriate scheduled date. Severely underimmunized children were those who were fully unvaccinated for more than 90 days and had three or more vaccines delayed or not given. Results: Immunization coverage for pentavalentl, pentavalent3, measles, and fully immunized child (FIC; BCG, three doses of polio, three doses of pentavalent, and measles vaccines) were 99%, 94%, 83%, and 80%, respectively. Approximately, 10%, 24%, and 29%, of children were delayed for pentavalentl, pentavalent3, and measles, respectively. Each model produced a unique combination of risk factors with only advanced maternal age as a risk factor common to all models. Children with delayed receipt of pentavalentl were at risk for not receiving pentavalent3 (RR: 5.20; 95%CI 3.48, 7.77), measles vaccine (RR: 1.48; 95%CI 1.12, 1.95), and not achieving FIC (RR: 1.88; 95%CI 1.51, 2.34) compared with children who received pentavalentl on time. Conclusions: Immunization coverage among 12-23 month old children was high, yet a substantial proportion of children were vaccinated with delay. Although vaccine coverage and timeliness are often conceptualized as separate measures, the finding that delayed pentavalent1 receipt was a strong risk factor for not receiving future immunizations indicates the two measures are intertwined. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gibson, Dustin G.; Kagucia, Eunice W.; O'Brien, Katherine L.; Feikin, Daniel R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ochieng, Benard; Obor, David; Odhiambo, Frank] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Publ Hlth & Res Collabo, Kisumu, Kenya. [Feikin, Daniel R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gibson, DG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 North Wolfe St,E8650, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dgibso28@jhu.edu OI Gibson, Dustin/0000-0002-9073-3376 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX We thank the Gem community, KEMRI/CDC project staff, and Danet Opot for programming surveys. This article is published with the approval of the Director of the Kenya Medical Research Institute. The findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Funding was obtained through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 48 BP 6778 EP 6785 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.021 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0JN UT WOS:000366791200043 PM 26482146 ER PT J AU Anand, A Zaman, K Estivariz, CF Yunus, M Gary, HE Weldon, WC Bari, TI Oberste, MS Wassilak, SG Luby, SP Heffelfinger, JD Pallansch, MA AF Anand, Abhijeet Zaman, K. Estivariz, Concepcion F. Yunus, Mohammad Gary, Howard E. Weldon, William C. Bari, Tajul I. Oberste, M. Steven Wassilak, Steven G. Luby, Stephen P. Heffelfinger, James D. Pallansch, Mark A. TI Early priming with inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and intradermal fractional dose IPV administered by a microneedle device: A randomized controlled trial SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Oral polio vaccine; Inactivated polio vaccine; Priming; Polio immunogenicity ID IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION; INFANTS; POLIOMYELITIS; EFFICACY; GAMBIA; CUBA AB Introduction: Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) introduction and phased oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) cessation are essential for eradication of polio. Methods: Healthy 6-week old infants in Bangladesh were randomized to one of five study arms: receipt of trivalent OPV (tOPV) or bivalent OPV (bOPV) at ages 6, 10 and 14 weeks, intramuscular IPV or intradermal one-fifth fractional dose IPV (f-IPV) at ages 6 and 14 weeks, or f-IPV at ages 6 and 14 weeks with bOPV at age 10 weeks (f-IPV/bOPV). All participants received tOPV at age 18 weeks. Results: Of 975 infants randomized, 95% (922) completed follow-up. Type 1 seroconversion after 3 doses at 6,10 and 14 weeks was higher with bOPV compared with tOPV (99% vs 94%,p = 0.019). Seroconversions to types I and 3 after 2 IPV doses at ages 6 and 14 weeks were no different than after 3 doses of tOPV or bOPV at ages 6, 10 and 14 weeks. A priming response, seroconversion 1 week after IPV at 14 weeks among those who did not seroconvert after IPV at 6 weeks, was observed against poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 in 91%, 84% and 97%, respectively. Compared with IPV, f-IPV failed non-inferiority tests for seroconversion with 1 or 2 doses and priming after 1 dose. Discussion: The findings demonstrate considerable priming with IPV at age 6 weeks, comparable immunogenicity of tOPV and bOPV, and inferior immunogenicity of one-fifth f-IPV compared with IPV. If IPV induced priming at age 6 weeks is similar to that at age 14 weeks, IPV could be administered at a younger age and possibly with a higher coverage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Anand, Abhijeet; Estivariz, Concepcion F.; Gary, Howard E.; Weldon, William C.; Oberste, M. Steven; Wassilak, Steven G.; Heffelfinger, James D.; Pallansch, Mark A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zaman, K.; Yunus, Mohammad; Heffelfinger, James D.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res Bangladesh Icddr B, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Bari, Tajul I.] Expanded Program Immunizat & Surveillance, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Luby, Stephen P.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Anand, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, MS A04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aanand@cdc.gov OI Luby, Stephen/0000-0001-5385-899X FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 48 BP 6816 EP 6822 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.039 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0JN UT WOS:000366791200048 PM 26476367 ER PT J AU Suarez-Castaneda, E Burnett, E Elas, M Baltrons, R Pezzoli, L Flannery, B Kleinbaum, D de Oliveira, LH Danovaro-Holliday, MC AF Suarez-Castaneda, Eduardo Burnett, Eleanor Elas, Miguel Baltrons, Rafael Pezzoli, Lorenzo Flannery, Brendan Kleinbaum, David de Oliveira, Lucia Helena Danovaro-Holliday, M. Carolina TI Catching-up with pentavalent vaccine: Exploring reasons behind lower rotavirus vaccine coverage in El Salvador SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Rotavirus vaccine; El Salvador; Vaccination timeliness; Routine vaccination; Vaccination coverage ID TIMELINESS; IMMUNIZATION; INTUSSUSCEPTION; SHORTAGES; CHILDREN; INFANTS; PROGRAM; IMPACT; BRAZIL AB Rotavirus vaccine was introduced in El Salvador in 2006 and is recommended to be given concomitantly with DTP-HepB-Haemophilus influenzae type b (pentavalent) vaccine at ages 2 months (upper age limit 15 weeks) and 4 months (upper age limit 8 months) of age. However, rotavirus vaccination coverage continues to lag behind that of pentavalent vaccine, even in years when national rotavirus vaccine stock-outs have not occurred. We analyzed factors associated with receipt of oral rotavirus vaccine among children who received at least 2 doses of pentavalent vaccine in a stratified cluster survey of children aged 24-59 months conducted in El Salvador in 2011. Vaccine doses included were documented on vaccination cards (94.4%) or in health facility records (5.6%). Logistic regression and survival analysis were used to assess factors associated with vaccination status and age at vaccination. Receipt of pentavalent vaccine by age 15 weeks was associated with rotavirus vaccination (OR: 5.1; 95% CI 2.7, 9.4), and receipt of the second pentavalent dose by age 32 weeks was associated with receipt of two rotavirus vaccine doses (OR: 5.0; 95% Cl 2.1-12.3). Timely coverage with the first pentavalent vaccine dose was 88.2% in the 2007 cohort and 91.1% in the 2008 cohort (p = 0.04). Children born in 2009, when a four-month national rotavirus vaccine stock-out occurred, had an older median age of receipt of rotavirus vaccine and were less likely to receive rotavirus on the same date as the same dose of pentavalent vaccine than children born in 2007 and 2008. Upper age limit recommendations for rotavirus vaccine administration contributed to suboptimal vaccination coverage. Survey data suggest that late rotavirus vaccination and co-administration with later doses of pentavalent vaccine among children born in 2009 helped increase rotavirus vaccine coverage following shortages. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Burnett, Eleanor; Flannery, Brendan] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Burnett, Eleanor; Kleinbaum, David] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Baltrons, Rafael] Pan Amer Hlth Org, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Pezzoli, Lorenzo; de Oliveira, Lucia Helena; Danovaro-Holliday, M. Carolina] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Danovaro-Holliday, MC (reprint author), Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM danovaroc@who.int FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 48 BP 6865 EP 6870 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.092 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0JN UT WOS:000366791200054 PM 26263200 ER PT J AU Bridges, CB Hurley, LP Williams, WW Ramakrishnan, A Dean, AK Groom, AV AF Bridges, Carolyn B. Hurley, Laura P. Williams, Walter W. Ramakrishnan, Aparna Dean, Anna K. Groom, Amy V. TI Meeting the Challenges of Immunizing Adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; 2013-14 INFLUENZA SEASON; HEALTH-CARE PERSONNEL; B-VIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; HERPES-ZOSTER; CONJUGATE VACCINE AB The overall burden of illness from diseases for which vaccines are available disproportionately falls on adults. Adults are recommended to receive vaccinations based on their age, underlying medical conditions, lifestyle, prior vaccinations, and other considerations. Updated vaccine recommendations from CDC are published annually in the U.S. Adult Immunization Schedule. Vaccine use among U.S. adults is low. Although receipt of a provider (physician or other vaccinating healthcare provider) recommendation is a key predictor of vaccination, more often consumers report not receiving vaccine recommendations at healthcare provider visits. Although providers support the benefits of vaccination, they also report several barriers to vaccinating adults, including the cost of providing vaccination services, inadequate or inconsistent payment for vaccines and vaccine administration, and acute medical care taking precedence over preventive services. Despite these challenges, a number of strategies have been demonstrated to substantially improve adult vaccine coverage, including patient and provider reminders and standing orders for vaccination. Providers are encouraged to incorporate routine assessment of their adult patients' vaccination needs during all clinical encounters to ensure patients receive recommendations for needed vaccines and are either offered needed vaccines or referred for vaccination. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bridges, Carolyn B.; Williams, Walter W.; Dean, Anna K.; Groom, Amy V.] CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hurley, Laura P.] Denver Hlth, Dept Gen Internal Med, Denver, CO USA. [Hurley, Laura P.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Ramakrishnan, Aparna] CDC, Hlth Commun Sci Off, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dean, Anna K.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Bridges, CB (reprint author), CDC, Adult Immunizat, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MS A-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cbridges@cdc.gov FU Merck; Novartis FX This article is being published concurrently in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Vaccine. The articles are identical except for stylistic changes in keeping with each journal's style. Either of these versions may be used in citing this article. Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 SU 4 BP D114 EP D120 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.054 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0BN UT WOS:000366770200017 PM 26615170 ER PT J AU Chen, RT Shimabukuro, TT Martin, DB Zuber, PLP Weibel, DM Sturkenboom, M AF Chen, Robert T. Shimabukuro, Tom T. Martin, David B. Zuber, Patrick L. P. Weibel, Daniel M. Sturkenboom, Miriam TI Enhancing vaccine safety capacity globally: A lifecycle perspective SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE Vaccine safety; AEFI; Sustainability; Capacity building; LMICs ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; REPORTING-SYSTEM VAERS; INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINATION; EVENTS FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; ADVERSE EVENTS; INFLUENZA VACCINE; DATALINK PROJECT; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE AB Major vaccine safety controversies have arisen in several countries beginning in the last decades of 20th century. Such periodic vaccine safety controversies are unlikely to go away in the near future as more national immunization programs mature with near elimination of target vaccine-preventable diseases that result in relative greater prominence of adverse events following immunizations, both true reactions and temporally coincidental events. There are several ways in which vaccine safety capacity can be improved to potentially mitigate the impact of future vaccine safety controversies. This paper aims to take a "lifecycle" approach, examining some potential pre- and post-licensure opportunities to improve vaccine safety, in both developed (specifically U.S. and Europe) and low- and middle-income countries. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Robert T.; Shimabukuro, Tom T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martin, David B.] US FDA, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Zuber, Patrick L. P.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Weibel, Daniel M.; Sturkenboom, Miriam] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bchen@cdc.gov FU Merck; Novartis FX This article is being published concurrently in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Vaccine. The articles are identical except for stylistic changes in keeping with each journal's style. Either of these versions may be used in citing this article. Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis. NR 152 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 SU 4 BP D46 EP D54 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.073 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0BN UT WOS:000366770200007 PM 26433922 ER PT J AU Lu, PJ O'Halloran, A Williams, WW Lindley, MC Farrall, S Bridges, CB AF Lu, Peng-jun O'Halloran, Alissa Williams, Walter W. Lindley, Megan C. Farrall, Susan Bridges, Carolyn B. TI Racial and ethnic disparities in vaccination coverage among adult populations in the US SO VACCINE LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; SELF-REPORT; MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES; HERPES-ZOSTER; CARE; RATES; ATTITUDES AB Introduction: Reducing racial/ethnic disparities in immunization rates is a compelling public health goal. Disparities in childhood vaccination rates have not been observed in recent years for most vaccines. The objective of this study is to assess adult vaccination by race/ethnicity in the U.S. Methods: The 2012 National Health Interview Survey was analyzed in 2014 to assess adult vaccination by race/ethnicity for five vaccines routinely recommended for adults: influenza, tetanus, pneumococcal (two vaccines), human papilloma virus, and zoster vaccines. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with all adult vaccinations. Results: Vaccination coverage was significantly lower among non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Asians compared with non-Hispanic whites, with only a few exceptions. Age, sex, education, health insurance, usual place of care, number of physician visits in the past 12 months, and health insurance were independently associated with receipt of most of the examined vaccines. Racial/ethnic differences narrowed, but gaps remained after taking these factors into account. Conclusions: Racial and ethnic differences in vaccination levels narrow when adjusting for socioeconomic factors analyzed in this survey, but are not eliminated, suggesting that other factors that are associated with vaccination disparities are not measured by the National Health Interview Survey and could also contribute to the differences in coverage. Additional efforts, including systems changes to ensure routine assessment and recommendations for needed vaccinations among adults for all racial/ethnic groups, are essential for improving vaccine coverage. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lu, Peng-jun; O'Halloran, Alissa; Williams, Walter W.; Lindley, Megan C.; Farrall, Susan; Bridges, Carolyn B.] CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lu, PJ (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lhp8@cdc.gov FU Merck; Novartis FX This article is being published concurrently in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Vaccine. The articles are identical except for stylistic changes in keeping with each journal's style. Either of these versions may be used in citing this article. Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 SU 4 BP D83 EP D91 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.031 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0BN UT WOS:000366770200013 PM 26615174 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Cortese, MM Payne, DC Lopman, B Yen, C Tate, JE AF Parashar, Umesh D. Cortese, Margaret M. Payne, Daniel C. Lopman, Benjamin Yen, Catherine Tate, Jacqueline E. TI Value of post-licensure data on benefits and risks of vaccination to inform vaccine policy: The example of rotavirus vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE Rotavirus; Rotavirus disease; Rotavirus vaccines; Intussusception; Safety; Vaccines ID DIARRHEA-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; UNITED-STATES; INTUSSUSCEPTION RISK; US INFANTS; GASTROENTERITIS HOSPITALIZATIONS; INDIRECT PROTECTION; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; LESS-THAN-5 YEARS AB In 1999, the first rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine licensed in the United States was withdrawn within a year of its introduction after it was linked with intussusception at a rate of 1 excess case per 10,000 vaccinated infants. While clinical trials of 60,000-70,000 infants of each of the two current live oral rotavirus vaccines, RotaTeq (RV5) and Rotarix (RV1), did not find an association with intussusception, post-licensure studies have documented a risk in several high and middle income countries, at a rate of similar to 1-6 excess cases per 100,000 vaccinated infants. However, considering this low risk against the large health benefits of vaccination that have been observed in many countries, including in countries with a documented vaccine-associated intussusception risk, policy makers and health organizations around the world continue to support the routine use of RV1 and RV5 in national infant immunization programs. Because the risk and benefit data from affluent settings may not be directly applicable to developing countries, further characterization of any associated intussusception risk following rotavirus vaccination as well as the health benefits of vaccination is desirable for low income settings. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Parashar, Umesh D.; Cortese, Margaret M.; Payne, Daniel C.; Lopman, Benjamin; Yen, Catherine; Tate, Jacqueline E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM uap2@cdc.gov FU Merck; Novartis FX This article is being published concurrently in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Vaccine. The articles are identical except for stylistic changes in keeping with each journal's style. Either of these versions may be used in citing this article. Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 SU 4 BP D55 EP D59 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.094 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0BN UT WOS:000366770200008 PM 26122581 ER PT J AU Pilishvili, T Bennett, NM AF Pilishvili, Tamara Bennett, Nancy M. TI Pneumococcal disease prevention among adults: Strategies for the use of pneumococcal vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Pneumococcal vaccine; Prevention; Policy ID HIV-INFECTED ADULTS; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; AGED GREATER-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-65 YEARS; POLYSACCHARIDE CONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; UNITED-STATES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; NAIVE ADULTS; EFFICACY; OLDER AB Use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines among children in the US since 2000 has dramatically reduced pneumococcal disease burden among adults. Significant vaccine-preventable morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal infections still remains, especially among older adults. The US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recently recommended the routine use of both pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) and polysaccharide vaccines (PPSV23) for adults >= 65 years. These recommendations were based on the remaining burden of illness among adults and the importance of non-bacteremic pneumonia prevention in light of new evidence confirming the efficacy of PCV13 to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia among older adults. This paper reviews the evidence that led the ACIP to make recommendations for PCV13 and PPSV23 use among adults, and highlights potential gaps to be addressed by future studies to inform adult vaccination policy. The changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia should be closely monitored to evaluate the effectiveness and continued utility of the current vaccination strategy, and to identify future directions for pneumococcal disease prevention among older adults. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pilishvili, Tamara] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bennett, Nancy M.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Bennett, Nancy M.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Ctr Community Hlth, Rochester, NY USA. RP Pilishvili, T (reprint author), CDC, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tpilishvili@cdc.gov FU Merck; Novartis FX This article is being published concurrently in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Vaccine. The articles are identical except for stylistic changes in keeping with each journal's style. Either of these versions may be used in citing this article. Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 SU 4 BP D60 EP D65 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.102 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0BN UT WOS:000366770200009 PM 26116257 ER PT J AU Walton, LR Orenstein, WA Pickering, LK AF Walton, L. Reed. Orenstein, Walter A. Pickering, Larry K. TI Lessons learned from making and implementing vaccine recommendations in the US SO VACCINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION; PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; ROTAVIRUS VACCINATION; INDIRECT PROTECTION; HPV VACCINATION; DISEASE AB After publication of certain vaccine recommendations made by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, several unexpected events have occurred during implementation of these recommendations. These have included changes in recommendations following adverse events involved with a particular vaccine and the conferral of community protection as an offshoot of vaccination of a specific population. Vaccine shortages and hesitancy have also been proven impediments to full implementation, and vaccine recommendations have not gone unaffected by either public perception of a vaccine Or by cost considerations. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Walton, L. Reed.; Pickering, Larry K.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Tract Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Orenstein, Walter A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pickering, Larry K.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pickering, LK (reprint author), 2378 Lavista Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM lpickering007@gmail.com FU Merck; Novartis FX This article is being published concurrently in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Vaccine. The articles are identical except for stylistic changes in keeping with each journal's style. Either of these versions may be used in citing this article. Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 SU 4 BP D78 EP D82 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.036 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0BN UT WOS:000366770200012 PM 26615173 ER PT J AU Weiner, JL Fisher, AM Nowak, GJ Basket, MM Gellin, BG AF Weiner, Judith L. Fisher, Allison M. Nowak, Glen J. Basket, Michelle M. Gellin, Bruce G. TI Childhood immunizations First-time expectant mothers' knowledge, beliefs, intentions, and behaviors SO VACCINE LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL CONCERNS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; VACCINES; VACCINATION; PHYSICIANS; EDUCATION; CHOICE; CARE AB Introduction: This study focused on how first-time mothers decide or intend to decide with respect to the recommended childhood immunization schedule. Methods: This was the baseline survey of a larger longitudinal survey. Data were collected between June and September 2014 from 200 first-time mothers in their second trimester of pregnancy to examine vaccine-related knowledge, perceptions, intentions, and information-seeking behavior. Results: Data were analyzed between January and June 2015. Seventy-five percent planned to have their child receive all the vaccinations consistent with the recommended childhood immunization schedule. Although participants expressed interest in childhood vaccine information, most had not received information directly from a primary care provider. One third reported receiving such information from their obstetrician/gynecologist but only about half of those were "very satisfied" with the information they received. About 70% indicated they were not familiar with the recommended vaccination schedule and number of routinely recommended vaccines. Familiarity with common vaccine education messages varied widely. Women who indicated they were planning to delay one or more recommended vaccinations were most likely to rely on Internet searches for childhood vaccine information. Conclusions: Overall, respondents had relatively positive beliefs and perceptions regarding childhood vaccines, which were associated with intentions to get their newborn vaccinated as recommended. However, most who were planning to delay recommended vaccinations or were undecided relied primarily on socially available sources of vaccine information, rather than information provided by a healthcare professional. Improved access to vaccine information from healthcare professionals could foster better vaccine-related knowledge and favorably impact vaccination decisions. (C) 2015 by American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weiner, Judith L.; Fisher, Allison M.; Basket, Michelle M.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Nowak, Glen J.] Univ Georgia, Grady Coll Ctr Hlth & Risk Commun, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gellin, Bruce G.] US DHHS, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Off Assistant Secretary Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Weiner, JL (reprint author), CDC, Carter Consulting Inc, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A27, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM yjm7@cdc.gov FU Merck; Novartis; CDC [09FED904950, OASH-12-117]; National Vaccine Program Office FX This article is being published concurrently in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Vaccine. The articles are identical except for stylistic changes in keeping with each journal's style. Either of these versions may be used in citing this article. Publication of this article was supported by Merck and Novartis.; The authors are indebted to Kristine Sheedy, Katherine LaVail, Sharon Bergquist, Jennifer Mullen, and Leslie Rodriguez for their help with the conceptualization, development, and revision of this survey. The authors also wish to thank Sheri Hester, from Oak Ride Associated Universities, for her assistance with the detailed, longitudinal data collection. This study was supported by contract number 09FED904950 and contract number OASH-12-117 from CDC and the National Vaccine Program Office, respectively. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC or the National Vaccine Program Office at the U.S. DHHS. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 33 SU 4 BP D92 EP D98 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.037 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0BN UT WOS:000366770200014 PM 26615175 ER PT J AU Auld, AF Shiraishi, RW Mbofana, F Couto, A Fetogang, EB El-Halabi, S Lebelonyane, R Pilatwe, PT Hamunime, N Okello, V Mutasa-Apollo, T Mugurungi, O Murungu, J Dzangare, J Kwesigabo, G Wabwire-Mangen, F Mulenga, M Hachizovu, S Ettiegne-Traore, V Mohamed, F Bashorun, A Nhan, DT Hai, NH Quang, TH Van Onacker, JD Francois, K Robin, EG Desforges, G Farahani, M Kamiru, H Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, H Ehrenkranz, P Denison, JA Koole, O Tsui, S Torpey, K Mukadi, YD van Praag, E Menten, J Mastro, TD Hamilton, CD Abiri, OO Griswold, M Pierre, E Xavier, C Alfredo, C Jobarteh, K Letebele, M Agolory, S Baughman, AL Mutandi, G Preko, P Ryan, C Ao, T Gonese, E Herman-Roloff, A Ekra, KA Kouakou, JS Odafe, S Onoru, D Dalhatu, I Debem, HH Nguyen, DB Yen, LN Abdul-Quader, AS Pelletier, V Williams, SG Behel, S Bicego, G Swaminathan, M Dokubo, EK Adjorlolo-Johnson, G Marlink, R Lowrance, D Spira, T Colebunders, R Bangsberg, D Zee, A Kaplan, J Ellerbrock, TV AF Auld, Andrew F. Shiraishi, Ray W. Mbofana, Francisco Couto, Aleny Fetogang, Ernest Benny El-Halabi, Shenaaz Lebelonyane, Refeletswe Pilatwe, Tlhagiso Pilatwe Hamunime, Ndapewa Okello, Velephi Mutasa-Apollo, Tsitsi Mugurungi, Owen Murungu, Joseph Dzangare, Janet Kwesigabo, Gideon Wabwire-Mangen, Fred Mulenga, Modest Hachizovu, Sebastian Ettiegne-Traore, Virginie Mohamed, Fayama Bashorun, Adebobola Do Thi Nhan Nguyen Huu Hai Tran Huu Quang Van Onacker, Joelle Deas Francois, Kesner Robin, Ermane G. Desforges, Gracia Farahani, Mansour Kamiru, Harrison Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet Ehrenkranz, Peter Denison, Julie A. Koole, Olivier Tsui, Sharon Torpey, Kwasi Mukadi, Ya Diul van Praag, Eric Menten, Joris Mastro, Timothy D. Hamilton, Carol Dukes Abiri, Oseni Omomo Griswold, Mark Pierre, Edna Xavier, Carla Alfredo, Charity Jobarteh, Kebba Letebele, Mpho Agolory, Simon Baughman, Andrew L. Mutandi, Gram Preko, Peter Ryan, Caroline Ao, Trong Gonese, Elizabeth Herman-Roloff, Amy Ekra, Kunomboa A. Kouakou, Joseph S. Odafe, Solomon Onoru, Dennis Dalhatu, Ibrahim Debem, Henry H. Nguyen, Duc B. Le Ngoc Yen Abdul-Quader, Abu S. Pelletier, Valerie Williams, Seymour G. Behel, Stephanie Bicego, George Swaminathan, Mahesh Dokubo, E. Kainne Adjorlolo-Johnson, Georgette Marlink, Richard Lowrance, David Spira, Thomas Colebunders, Robert Bangsberg, David Zee, Aaron Kaplan, Jonathan Ellerbrock, Tedd V. TI Lower Levels of Antiretroviral Therapy Enrollment Among Men with HIV Compared with Women-12 Countries, 2002-2013 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID GENDER; VIETNAM; AFRICA C1 [Auld, Andrew F.; Shiraishi, Ray W.; Behel, Stephanie; Bicego, George; Swaminathan, Mahesh; Dokubo, E. Kainne; Spira, Thomas; Zee, Aaron; Kaplan, Jonathan; Ellerbrock, Tedd V.] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mbofana, Francisco; Couto, Aleny] Natl Inst Hlth, Maputo, Mozambique. [Fetogang, Ernest Benny; El-Halabi, Shenaaz; Lebelonyane, Refeletswe; Pilatwe, Tlhagiso Pilatwe] Minist Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. [Hamunime, Ndapewa] Minist Hlth & Social Serv, Windhoek, Namibia. [Okello, Velephi] Minist Hlth, Basel, Switzerland. [Mutasa-Apollo, Tsitsi; Mugurungi, Owen; Murungu, Joseph; Dzangare, Janet] Minist Hlth, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Kwesigabo, Gideon] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Wabwire-Mangen, Fred] Makerere Univ, Infect Dis Inst, Coll Hlth Sci, Kampala, Uganda. [Mulenga, Modest; Hachizovu, Sebastian] Trop Dis Res Ctr, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Ettiegne-Traore, Virginie] Minist Hlth, Yamoussoukro, Cote Ivoire. [Mohamed, Fayama] Directorate Gen Budget & Finance, Yamoussoukro, Cote Ivoire. [Bashorun, Adebobola] Minist Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria. [Do Thi Nhan; Nguyen Huu Hai] Vietnam Author HIV AIDS Control, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Tran Huu Quang] Hanoi Sch Publ Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Van Onacker, Joelle Deas; Francois, Kesner; Robin, Ermane G.; Desforges, Gracia] Programme Natl Lutte Sida MSPP, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Farahani, Mansour] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Kamiru, Harrison; Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet] ICAP, New York, NY USA. [Ehrenkranz, Peter] Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Denison, Julie A.; Tsui, Sharon] FHI 360, Social & Behav Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Koole, Olivier; Menten, Joris; Colebunders, Robert] Inst Trop Med, Dept Clin Sci, Louvain, Belgium. [Torpey, Kwasi] FHI 360, Lusaka, Zambia. [Mukadi, Ya Diul] FHI 360, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [van Praag, Eric] FHI 360, Dodoma, Tanzania. [Mastro, Timothy D.; Hamilton, Carol Dukes] FHI 360, Global Hlth Populat & Nutr, Durham, NC USA. [Abiri, Oseni Omomo; Preko, Peter] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Biomed Informat, Houston, TX USA. [Griswold, Mark; Pierre, Edna] Natl Alliance State & Terr AIDS Directors, Washington, DC USA. [Xavier, Carla; Alfredo, Charity; Jobarteh, Kebba] CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Maputo, Mozambique. [Letebele, Mpho; Agolory, Simon; Baughman, Andrew L.; Mutandi, Gram] CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. [Agolory, Simon; Baughman, Andrew L.; Mutandi, Gram] CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Windhoek, Namibia. [Ryan, Caroline; Ao, Trong] CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Basel, Switzerland. [Gonese, Elizabeth; Herman-Roloff, Amy] CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Ekra, Kunomboa A.; Kouakou, Joseph S.] CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Yamoussoukro, Cote Ivoire. [Odafe, Solomon; Onoru, Dennis; Dalhatu, Ibrahim; Debem, Henry H.] CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria. [Nguyen, Duc B.; Le Ngoc Yen; Abdul-Quader, Abu S.] CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Pelletier, Valerie] CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Williams, Seymour G.] CDC, Div Global Hlth Protect, Ctr Global Hlth, Durban, South Africa. [Adjorlolo-Johnson, Georgette] Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Lowrance, David] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global Hlth Protect, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Bangsberg, David] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Auld, AF (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aauld@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 46 BP 1281 EP 1286 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CX9DJ UT WOS:000366004900002 PM 26605861 ER PT J AU Lecher, S Ellenberger, D Kim, AA Fonjungo, PN Agolory, S Borget, MY Broyles, L Carmona, S Chipungu, G De Cock, KM Deyde, V Downer, M Gupta, S Kaplan, JE Kiyaga, C Knight, N MacLeod, W Makumbi, B Muttai, H Mwangi, C Mwangi, JW Mwasekaga, M Ng'Ang'A, LW Pillay, Y Sarr, A Sawadogo, S Singer, D Stevens, W Toure, CA Nkengasong, J AF Lecher, Shirley Ellenberger, Dennis Kim, Andrea A. Fonjungo, Peter N. Agolory, Simon Borget, Marie Yolande Broyles, Laura Carmona, Sergio Chipungu, Geoffrey De Cock, Kevin M. Deyde, Varough Downer, Marie Gupta, Sundeep Kaplan, Jonathan E. Kiyaga, Charles Knight, Nancy MacLeod, William Makumbi, Boniface Muttai, Hellen Mwangi, Christina Mwangi, Jane W. Mwasekaga, Michael Ng'Ang'A, Lucy W. Pillay, Yogan Sarr, Abdoulaye Sawadogo, Souleymane Singer, Daniel Stevens, Wendy Toure, Christiane Adje Nkengasong, John TI Scale-up of HIV Viral Load Monitoring - Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY C1 [Lecher, Shirley; Ellenberger, Dennis; Kim, Andrea A.; Fonjungo, Peter N.; Broyles, Laura; Kaplan, Jonathan E.; Nkengasong, John] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Agolory, Simon; Sawadogo, Souleymane] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Windhoek, Namibia. [Borget, Marie Yolande; Toure, Christiane Adje] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Carmona, Sergio; MacLeod, William; Stevens, Wendy] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Dept Mol Med & Hematol, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Chipungu, Geoffrey; Gupta, Sundeep; Sarr, Abdoulaye; Singer, Daniel] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Lilongwe, Malawi. [De Cock, Kevin M.; Downer, Marie; Muttai, Hellen; Mwangi, Jane W.; Ng'Ang'A, Lucy W.] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Nairobi, Kenya. [Deyde, Varough; Knight, Nancy] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Pretoria, South Africa. [Kiyaga, Charles] Cent Publ Hlth Labs, Kampala, Uganda. [Makumbi, Boniface] Namibia Inst Pathol, Windhoek, Namibia. [Mwangi, Christina] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Kampala, Uganda. [Mwasekaga, Michael] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Pillay, Yogan] Natl Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Lecher, S (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM slecher@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 46 BP 1287 EP 1290 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CX9DJ UT WOS:000366004900003 PM 26605986 ER PT J AU Smith, DK Van Handel, M Wolitski, RJ Stryker, JE Hall, HI Prejean, J Koenig, LJ Valleroy, LA AF Smith, Dawn K. Van Handel, Michelle Wolitski, Richard J. Stryker, Jo Ellen Hall, H. Irene Prejean, Joseph Koenig, Linda J. Valleroy, Linda A. TI Vital Signs: Estimated Percentages and Numbers of Adults with Indications for Preexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Acquisition - United States, 2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL PROPHYLAXIS; MEN AB Background: In 2014, approximately 40,000 persons in the United States received a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with daily oral antiretroviral medication is a new, highly effective intervention that could reduce the number of new HIV infections. Methods: CDC analyzed nationally representative data to estimate the percentages and numbers of persons in the United States, by transmission risk group, with indications for PrEP consistent with the 2014 U.S. Public Health Service's PrEP clinical practice guideline. Results: Approximately 24.7% of sexually active adult men who have sex with men (MSM) (492,000 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 212,000-772,0001), 18.5% of persons who inject drugs (115,000 [CI = 45,000-185,000]), and 0.4% of heterosexually active adults (624,000 [CI = 404,000-846,000]), had substantial risks for acquiring HIV consistent with PrEP indications. Conclusions: Based on current guidelines, many MSM, persons who inject drugs, and heterosexually active adults have indications for PrEP. A higher percentage of MSM and persons who inject drugs have indications for PrEP than heterosexually active adults, consistent with distribution of new HIV diagnoses across these populations. C1 [Smith, Dawn K.; Van Handel, Michelle; Wolitski, Richard J.; Stryker, Jo Ellen; Hall, H. Irene; Prejean, Joseph; Koenig, Linda J.; Valleroy, Linda A.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS, Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, DK (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS, Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dsmith1@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 46 BP 1291 EP 1295 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CX9DJ UT WOS:000366004900004 PM 26606148 ER PT J AU Tyndall, JA Gerona, R De Portu, G Trecki, J Elie, MC Lucas, J Slish, J Rand, K Bazydlo, L Holder, M Ryan, MF Myers, P Iovine, N Plourde, M Weeks, E Hanley, JR Endres, G St Germaine, D Dobrowolski, PJ Schwartz, M AF Tyndall, Joseph A. Gerona, Roy De Portu, Giuliano Trecki, Jordan Elie, Marie-Carmelle Lucas, Judith Slish, John Rand, Kenneth Bazydlo, Lindsay Holder, Martina Ryan, Matthew F. Myers, Paul Iovine, Nicole Plourde, Michelle Weeks, Emily Hanley, James R. Endres, Greg St Germaine, Danielle Dobrowolski, Paul J. Schwartz, Michael TI An outbreak of acute delirium from exposure to the synthetic cannabinoid AB-CHMINACA SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CNS; psychological; Organ; tissue specific; Metabolic; Respiratory support; Synthetic cannabinoids ID DESIGNER DRUGS; RECEPTORS; ABUSE AB Background: Synthetic cannabinoid containing products are a public health threat as reflected by a number of outbreaks of serious adverse health effects over the past 4 years. The designer drug epidemic is characterized by the rapid turnover of synthetic cannabinoid compounds on the market which creates a challenge in identifying the particular etiology of an outbreak, confirming exposure in cases, and providing current information to law enforcement. Results: Between 28 May 2014 and 8 June 2014, 35 patients were evaluated and treated at the University of Florida Health Medical Center in Gainesville following reported exposure to a synthetic cannabinoid containing product obtained from a common source. Patients demonstrated acute delirium (24) and seizures (14), and five required ventilator support and ICU-level care; none died. The presence of N-[(1S)-1-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylpropyl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-CHMINACA), or one of its predicted metabolites was confirmed in 15 of 21 cases. A rapid public health response and aggressive public messaging prevented further morbidity, identified the source, and led to law enforcement seizure of the implicated product. Discussion: The significance of this outbreak lies as much in the rapid occurrence of unpredictable, life-threatening adverse health effects from a newly identified synthetic cannabinoid compound as it does in the multidisciplinary investigation and novel partnership between local public health, the laboratory, and the chemical industry, resulting in termination of the outbreak. Conclusion: A coordinated response and collaboration between law enforcement, the local public health, emergency medical services and Health Center staff, were all key interventions in preventing a more substantial public health outbreak resulting from use of a novel synthetic cannabinoid compound. Real time collaborations between toxicology laboratories, suppliers of analytical standards and the public health system may be useful in the face of future novel chemical exposures. C1 [Tyndall, Joseph A.; De Portu, Giuliano; Elie, Marie-Carmelle; Lucas, Judith; Slish, John; Bazydlo, Lindsay; Ryan, Matthew F.; Weeks, Emily] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Emergency Med, Div Infect Dis, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Gerona, Roy] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Trecki, Jordan] Drug Enforcement Adm, Off Div Control, Drug & Chem Evaluat Sect, Springfield, VA USA. [Rand, Kenneth] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med, Div Infect Dis, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Bazydlo, Lindsay] Univ Virginia, Dept Pathol, Div Lab Med, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Holder, Martina; Plourde, Michelle] UF Hlth Shands, Gainesville, FL USA. [Myers, Paul] Florida Dept Hlth, Gainesville, FL USA. [Iovine, Nicole] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Hanley, James R.] Ochsner Clin Fdn Hosp, New Orleans, LA USA. [Endres, Greg; St Germaine, Danielle; Dobrowolski, Paul J.] Cayman Chem, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Schwartz, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tyndall, JA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Emergency Med, 1329 SW,16th St,POB 100186, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM tyndall@ufl.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1556-3650 EI 1556-9519 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD NOV 26 PY 2015 VL 53 IS 10 BP 950 EP 956 DI 10.3109/15563650.2015.1100306 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA CX4NB UT WOS:000365676500004 PM 26555732 ER PT J AU Schwitters, A Sabatier, J Seth, P Glenshaw, M Remmert, D Pathak, S Bock, N AF Schwitters, Amee Sabatier, Jennifer Seth, Puja Glenshaw, Mary Remmert, Dietrich Pathak, Sonal Bock, Naomi TI HIV and alcohol knowledge, self-perceived risk for HIV, and risky sexual behavior among young HIV-negative men identified as harmful or hazardous drinkers in Katutura, Namibia SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Namibia; Alcohol; HIV; Men ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; SOUTH-AFRICA; WOMEN; HIV/AIDS; ACQUISITION; PREVENTION; PATTERNS; SERVICES; DRINKING AB Background: Namibia's HIV prevalence is 13.3 %. Alcohol is associated with sexual risk-taking, leading to increased HIV risk. Baseline sexual behaviors, HIV and alcohol knowledge, and self-perceived HIV risk were examined among men reporting high-risk drinking in Katutura, Namibia. Methods: HIV negative men, >= 18 years, were screened for harmful or hazardous levels of drinking and >1 recent sex partner prior to randomization into control or intervention arm. SAS 9.3 and R 3.01 were used for descriptive baseline cohort analyses. Results: A total of 501 participants who met criteria were included in analysis (mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] = 12.4). HIV and alcohol knowledge were high with the majority (>85 and 89.8-98 %, respectively) of respondents correctly answering assessment questions. Despite high knowledge levels, 66.7 % of men felt they were at some or high risk of HIV acquisition. Among those respondents, 56.5 % stated often wanting to have sex after drinking and 40.3 % stated sex was better when drunk. Among respondents with non-steady partners [n = 188], 44.1 % of last sexual encounters occurred while the participant was drunk and condoms were not used 32.5 % of those times. Among persons who were not drunk condoms were not used 13.3 % of those times. Conclusions: Sex with casual partners was high. Inconsistent condom use and alcohol use before sex were frequently reported. Increased emphasis on alcohol risk-reduction strategies, including drinking due to peer pressure and unsafe sexual behaviors, is needed. C1 [Schwitters, Amee; Sabatier, Jennifer; Seth, Puja; Glenshaw, Mary; Bock, Naomi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Remmert, Dietrich] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Windhoek, Namibia. [Pathak, Sonal] ICF Int, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schwitters, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-30, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM efn6@cdc.gov FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [PS002722] FX The project has been supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) under the terms of project number PS002722. The authors thank the participants and study staff who assisted with data collection. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD NOV 26 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 1182 DI 10.1186/s12889-015-2516-5 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW9IR UT WOS:000365312900001 PM 26607874 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Yan, DM Zhu, SL Nishimura, Y Ye, XF Wang, DY Jorba, J Zhu, H An, HQ Shimizu, H Kew, O Xu, WB AF Zhang, Yong Yan, Dongmei Zhu, Shuangli Nishimura, Yorihiro Ye, Xufang Wang, Dongyan Jorba, Jaume Zhu, Hui An, Hongqiu Shimizu, Hiroyuki Kew, Olen Xu, Wenbo TI An Insight into Recombination with Enterovirus Species C and Nucleotide G-480 Reversion from the Viewpoint of Neurovirulence of Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; WIDESPREAD CIRCULATION; TYPE-1 POLIOVIRUS; GENETIC STABILITY; TRANSGENIC MICE; HIGH-FREQUENCY; SABIN TYPE-1; OUTBREAK; CHINA AB A poliomyelitis outbreak caused by type 1 circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) was identified in China in 2004. Six independent cVDPVs (eight isolates) could be grouped into a single cluster with pathways of divergence different from a single cVDPV progenitor, which circulated and evolved into both a highly neurovirulent lineage and a less neurovirulent lineage. They were as neurovirulent as the wild type 1 Mahoney strain, recombination was absent, and their nucleotide 480-G was identical to that of the Sabin strain. The Guizhou/China cVDPV strains shared 4 amino acid replacements in the NAg sites: 3 located at the BC loop, which may underlie the aberrant results of the ELISA intratypic differentiation (ITD) test. The complete ORF tree diverged into two main branches from a common ancestral infection estimated to have occurred in about mid-September 2003, nine months before the appearance of the VDPV case, which indicated recently evolved VDPV. Further, recombination with species C enteroviruses may indicate the presence and density of these enteroviruses in the population and prolonged virus circulation in the community. The aforementioned cVDPVs has important implications in the global initiative to eradicate polio: high quality surveillance permitted earliest detection and response. C1 [Zhang, Yong; Yan, Dongmei; Zhu, Shuangli; Wang, Dongyan; Zhu, Hui; An, Hongqiu; Xu, Wenbo] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, WHO WPRO Reg Polio Reference Lab, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yong; Yan, Dongmei; Zhu, Shuangli; Wang, Dongyan; Zhu, Hui; An, Hongqiu; Xu, Wenbo] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Minist Hlth, Key Lab Med Virol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Nishimura, Yorihiro; Shimizu, Hiroyuki] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 2, Tokyo 2080011, Japan. [Ye, Xufang] Guizhou Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guiyang 550004, Peoples R China. [Jorba, Jaume; Kew, Olen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Xu, WB (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, WHO WPRO Reg Polio Reference Lab, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM wenbo_xu1@aliyun.com; wenbo_xu1@aliyun.com OI Shimizu, Hiroyuki/0000-0002-2987-2377 FU National Key Technology R&D Program of China [2013ZX10004202]; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1109760]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [81101303, 81373049] FX This study was supported by National Key Technology R&D Program of China (Project No. 2013ZX10004202), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grand Challenges Explorations, Project No. OPP1109760), National Natural Science Foundation of China (project nos 81101303 and 81373049). NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 25 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 17291 DI 10.1038/srep17291 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX0LF UT WOS:000365387300001 PM 26603565 ER PT J AU Dankovic, DA Naumann, BD Maier, A Dourson, ML Levy, LS AF Dankovic, D. A. Naumann, B. D. Maier, A. Dourson, M. L. Levy, L. S. TI The Scientific Basis of Uncertainty Factors Used in Setting Occupational Exposure Limits SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE adjustment factor; occupational exposure; risk assessment; uncertainty factor ID NONCANCER RISK-ASSESSMENT; ADJUSTMENT FACTORS; SAFETY FACTORS; PROBABILISTIC FRAMEWORK; HUMAN VARIABILITY; CHEMICALS; TOXICITY; EXTRAPOLATION; ESTABLISHMENT; SUBSTANCES AB The uncertainty factor concept is integrated into health risk assessments for all aspects of public health practice, including by most organizations that derive occupational exposure limits. The use of uncertainty factors is predicated on the assumption that a sufficient reduction in exposure from those at the boundary for the onset of adverse effects will yield a safe exposure level for at least the great majority of the exposed population, including vulnerable subgroups. There are differences in the application of the uncertainty factor approach among groups that conduct occupational assessments; however, there are common areas of uncertainty which are considered by all or nearly all occupational exposure limit-setting organizations. Five key uncertainties that are often examined include interspecies variability in response when extrapolating from animal studies to humans, response variability in humans, uncertainty in estimating a no-effect level from a dose where effects were observed, extrapolation from shorter duration studies to a full life-time exposure, and other insufficiencies in the overall health effects database indicating that the most sensitive adverse effect may not have been evaluated. In addition, a modifying factor is used by some organizations to account for other remaining uncertaintiestypically related to exposure scenarios or accounting for the interplay among the five areas noted above. Consideration of uncertainties in occupational exposure limit derivation is a systematic process whereby the factors applied are not arbitrary, although they are mathematically imprecise. As the scientific basis for uncertainty factor application has improved, default uncertainty factors are now used only in the absence of chemical-specific data, and the trend is to replace them with chemical-specific adjustment factors whenever possible. The increased application of scientific data in the development of uncertainty factors for individual chemicals also has the benefit of increasing the transparency of occupational exposure limit derivation. Improved characterization of the scientific basis for uncertainty factors has led to increasing rigor and transparency in their application as part of the overall occupational exposure limit derivation process. C1 [Dankovic, D. A.] NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Naumann, B. D.] Merck & Co Inc, Global Safety & Environm, Whitehouse Stn, NJ USA. [Maier, A.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Dourson, M. L.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment Ctr, Dept Environm Hlth Toxicol Excellence Risk Assess, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Levy, L. S.] Cranfield Univ, Inst Environm Hlth Risks & Futures, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. RP Maier, A (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM maierma@ucmail.uc.edu FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD NOV 25 PY 2015 VL 12 SU 1 SI SI BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1080/15459624.2015.1060325 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV6CP UT WOS:000364358600001 PM 26097979 ER PT J AU Kuempel, ED Sweeney, LM Morris, JB Jarabek, AM AF Kuempel, Eileen D. Sweeney, Lisa M. Morris, John B. Jarabek, Annie M. TI Advances in Inhalation Dosimetry Models and Methods for Occupational Risk Assessment and Exposure Limit Derivation SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE deposition; dosimetry models and methods; fibers; gases; inhaled particles; clearance and retention kinetics; interspecies extrapolation ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; MULTIPLE-PATH MODEL; ALVEOLAR-INTERSTITIAL REGION; INSOLUBLE IRIDIUM PARTICLES; PHARMACOKINETIC PBPK MODEL; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; LONG-TERM RETENTION; CERAMIC FIBERS RCF AB The purpose of this article is to provide an overview and practical guide to occupational health professionals concerning the derivation and use of dose estimates in risk assessment for development of occupational exposure limits (OELs) for inhaled substances. Dosimetry is the study and practice of measuring or estimating the internal dose of a substance in individuals or a population. Dosimetry thus provides an essential link to understanding the relationship between an external exposure and a biological response. Use of dosimetry principles and tools can improve the accuracy of risk assessment, and reduce the uncertainty, by providing reliable estimates of the internal dose at the target tissue. This is accomplished through specific measurement data or predictive models, when available, or the use of basic dosimetry principles for broad classes of materials. Accurate dose estimation is essential not only for dose-response assessment, but also for interspecies extrapolation and for risk characterization at given exposures. Inhalation dosimetry is the focus of this paper since it is a major route of exposure in the workplace. Practical examples of dose estimation and OEL derivation are provided for inhaled gases and particulates. C1 [Kuempel, Eileen D.] NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Sweeney, Lisa M.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Naval Med Res Unit Dayton, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Morris, John B.] Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, Storrs, CT USA. [Jarabek, Annie M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kuempel, ED (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ekuempel@cdc.gov FU Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton Work Unit [60769] FX Dr. Sweeney's contributions to this work were funded by the Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton Work Unit Number 60769. NR 177 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD NOV 25 PY 2015 VL 12 SU 1 SI SI BP S18 EP S40 DI 10.1080/15459624.2015.1060328 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV6CQ UT WOS:000364358700002 PM 26551218 ER PT J AU Wheeler, MW Park, RM Bailer, AJ Whittaker, C AF Wheeler, M. W. Park, R. M. Bailer, A. J. Whittaker, C. TI Historical Context and Recent Advances in Exposure-Response Estimation for Deriving Occupational Exposure Limits SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE benchmark dose; critical effect; dose-response; exposure-response; modeling; occupational ID BENCHMARK DOSE ESTIMATION; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; NONCANCER END-POINTS; MODEL SELECTION; METALWORKING FLUIDS; COHORT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; UNCERTAINTY; VALUES AB Virtually no occupational exposure standards specify the level of risk for the prescribed exposure, and most occupational exposure limits are not based on quantitative risk assessment (QRA) at all. Wider use of QRA could improve understanding of occupational risks while increasing focus on identifying exposure concentrations conferring acceptably low levels of risk to workers. Exposure-response modeling between a defined hazard and the biological response of interest is necessary to provide a quantitative foundation for risk-based occupational exposure limits; and there has been considerable work devoted to establishing reliable methods quantifying the exposure-response relationship including methods of extrapolation below the observed responses. We review several exposure-response modeling methods available for QRA, and demonstrate their utility with simulated data sets. C1 [Wheeler, M. W.; Park, R. M.; Whittaker, C.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Bailer, A. J.] Miami Univ, Dept Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Wheeler, MW (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Educ & Informat Div, 1090 Tusculum Ave,MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM aez0@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD NOV 25 PY 2015 VL 12 SU 1 SI SI BP S7 EP S17 DI 10.1080/15459624.2015.1076934 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV6CQ UT WOS:000364358700001 PM 26252067 ER PT J AU Moonesinghe, R Beckles, GLA AF Moonesinghe, Ramal Beckles, Gloria L. A. TI Measuring health disparities: a comparison of absolute and relative disparities SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Health disparities; Absolute disparity; Relative disparity ID MEASURING SOCIAL DISPARITIES; VALUE-JUDGMENTS; UNITED-STATES; INEQUALITIES AB Monitoring national trends in disparities in different diseases could provide measures to evaluate the impact of intervention programs designed to reduce health disparities. In the US, most of the reports that track health disparities provided either relative or absolute disparities or both. However, these two measures of disparities are not only different in scale and magnitude but also the temporal changes in the magnitudes of these measures can occur in opposite directions. The trends for absolute disparity and relative disparity could move in opposite directions when the prevalence of disease in the two populations being compared either increase or decline simultaneously. If the absolute disparity increases but relative disparity declines for consecutive time periods, the absolute disparity increases but relative disparity declines for the combined time periods even with a larger increase in absolute disparity during the combined time periods. Based on random increases or decreases in prevalence of disease for two population groups, there is a higher chance the trends of these two measures could move in opposite directions when the prevalence of disease for the more advantaged group is very small relative to the prevalence of disease for the more disadvantaged group. When prevalence of disease increase or decrease simultaneously for two populations, the increase or decrease in absolute disparity has to be sufficiently large enough to warrant a corresponding increase or decrease in relative disparity. When absolute disparity declines but relative disparity increases, there is some progress in reducing disparities, but the reduction in absolute disparity is not large enough to also reduce relative disparity. When evaluating interventions to reduce health disparities using these two measures, it is important to consider both absolute and relative disparities and consider all the scenarios discussed in this paper to assess the progress towards reducing or eliminating health disparities. C1 [Moonesinghe, Ramal] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Minor Hlth & Hlth Equ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Beckles, Gloria L. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moonesinghe, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Minor Hlth & Hlth Equ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zor7@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD NOV 24 PY 2015 VL 3 AR e1438 DI 10.7717/peerj.1438 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX6ID UT WOS:000365803500006 PM 26623191 ER PT J AU Shirey, TB Dykes, JK Luquez, C Maslanka, SE Raphael, BH AF Shirey, T. Brian Dykes, Janet K. Luquez, Carolina Maslanka, Susan E. Raphael, Brian H. TI Characterizing the fecal microbiota of infants with botulism SO MICROBIOME LA English DT Article DE Infant botulism; Fecal microbiota; Intestinal colonization; Clostridium botulinum; Botulinum neurotoxin ID BOTTLE-FED INFANTS; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; PRETERM INFANTS; BACTERIAL-COLONIZATION; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; MICROFLORA; INFLAMMATION; SUCCESSION; FLORA AB Background: Infant botulism is the most prevalent form of botulism in the USA, representing 68.5 % of cases reported from 2001-2012. Infant botulism results when botulinum toxin-producing clostridia (BTPC) colonize the infant gut with concomitant in vivo production of the highly potent botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). The gut microbiota of infants with botulism is largely uncharacterized; therefore, it remains unclear whether the microbiota profile of these patients are distinct in composition, abundance, or diversity. To address this uncertainty, we employed 16S rRNA gene profiling to characterize the fecal microbiota in 14 stool samples among laboratory-confirmed and non-confirmed infant botulism cases. Results: Seven bacterial phyla were identified among all 14 infant stool samples examined. Compared to samples from non-confirmed cases, the fecal microbiota of infant botulism patients displayed significantly higher Proteobacteria abundance. Of the 20 bacterial families identified, Enterobacteriaceae was significantly more abundant in samples from infants with botulism. Firmicutes abundance and the abundance ratio of Firmicutes/Proteobacteria was significantly lower in samples from infants with botulism. Lactobacillus spp. abundance was notably reduced in 12 of the 14 samples. Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium baratii were identified in low relative abundances in confirmed and non-confirmed samples based on their 16S rRNA gene profiles, although their toxigenicity remained undetermined. No significant differences were observed in the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) observed or in fecal microbiota diversity between laboratory-confirmed and non-confirmed samples. Correlations between individual phylum abundances and infant age were variable, and no significant differences were shown in number of OTUs observed or in fecal microbiota diversity between samples delineated by overall mean age. Conclusions: Significant differences in Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Enterobacteriaceae abundances were identified in the fecal microbiota of infants with botulism when compared to samples from non-confirmed cases. Fecal microbiota diversity was not significantly altered in infants with botulism, and a limited presence of BTPC was shown. It could not be determined whether the fecal microbiota profiles shown here were comparable prior to patient illness, or whether they were the direct result of infant botulism. The results of this study do, however, provide a detailed and descriptive observation into the infant gut microbiota after intestinal colonization by BTPC. C1 [Shirey, T. Brian; Dykes, Janet K.; Luquez, Carolina; Maslanka, Susan E.; Raphael, Brian H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Shirey, TB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM TShirey@cdc.gov FU CDC Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education postdoctoral fellowship FX Support for this project was provided by the CDC Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response. TBS is supported by an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education postdoctoral fellowship. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author and do not represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2049-2618 J9 MICROBIOME JI Microbiome PD NOV 23 PY 2015 VL 3 AR 54 DI 10.1186/s40168-015-0119-0 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CY4BO UT WOS:000366353800001 PM 26593441 ER PT J AU Kirtland, KA Cho, P Geiss, LS AF Kirtland, Karen A. Cho, Pyone Geiss, Linda S. TI Diabetes Among Asians and Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders - United States, 2011-2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID TYPE-2; SIMILARITIES; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE; ADULTS; RISK C1 [Kirtland, Karen A.; Cho, Pyone; Geiss, Linda S.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kirtland, KA (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kkirtland@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 20 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 45 BP 1261 EP 1266 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA5CR UT WOS:000367820300001 PM 26583766 ER PT J AU Creswell, PD Meiman, JG Nehls-Lowe, H Vogt, C Wozniak, RJ Werner, MA Anderson, H AF Creswell, Paul D. Meiman, Jon G. Nehls-Lowe, Henry Vogt, Christy Wozniak, Ryan J. Werner, Mark A. Anderson, Henry TI Exposure to Elevated Carbon Monoxide Levels at an Indoor Ice Arena - Wisconsin, 2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Creswell, Paul D.; Meiman, Jon G.; Nehls-Lowe, Henry; Vogt, Christy; Wozniak, Ryan J.; Werner, Mark A.; Anderson, Henry] Dept Hlth Serv, Div Publ Hlth, London, England. [Meiman, Jon G.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Creswell, PD (reprint author), Dept Hlth Serv, Div Publ Hlth, London, England. EM paul.creswell@dhs.wisconsin.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 20 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 45 BP 1267 EP 1270 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA5CR UT WOS:000367820300002 PM 26583915 ER PT J AU Farag, NH Wadood, MZ Safdar, RM Ahmed, N Hamdi, S Tangermann, RH Ehrhardt, D AF Farag, Noha H. Wadood, Mufti Zubair Safdar, Rana Muhammad Ahmed, Nabil Hamdi, Sabrine Tangermann, Rudolph H. Ehrhardt, Derek TI Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication - Pakistan, January 2014-September 2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID WORLDWIDE C1 [Farag, Noha H.; Ahmed, Nabil; Ehrhardt, Derek] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wadood, Mufti Zubair] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Safdar, Rana Muhammad] Pakistan Minist Hlth, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Hamdi, Sabrine] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Farag, NH (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nfarag@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 20 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 45 BP 1271 EP 1275 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA5CR UT WOS:000367820300003 PM 26584026 ER PT J AU Knauf, S Barnett, U Maciej, P Klapproth, M Ndao, I Frischmann, S Fischer, J Zinner, D Liu, H AF Knauf, Sascha Barnett, Ulrike Maciej, Peter Klapproth, Matthias Ndao, Ibrahima Frischmann, Sieghard Fischer, Julia Zinner, Dietmar Liu, Hsi TI High Prevalence of Antibodies against the Bacterium Treponema pallidum in Senegalese Guinea Baboons (Papio papio) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID YAWS; INFECTION; SYPHILIS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AB The bacterium Treponema pallidum is known to cause syphilis (ssp. pallidum), yaws (ssp. pertenue), and endemic syphilis (ssp. endemicum) in humans. Nonhuman primates have also been reported to be infected with the bacterium with equally versatile clinical manifestations, from severe skin ulcerations to asymptomatic. At present all simian strains are closely related to human yaws-causing strains, an important consideration for yaws eradication. We tested clinically healthy Guinea baboons (Papio papio) at Parc National Niokolo Koba in south eastern Senegal for the presence of anti-T. pallidum antibodies. Since T. pallidum infection in this species was identified 50 years ago, and there has been no attempt to treat non-human primates for infection, it was hypothesized that a large number of West African baboons are still infected with simian strains of the yaws-bacterium. All animals were without clinical signs of treponematoses, but 18 of 20 (90%) baboons tested positive for antibodies against T. pallidum based on treponemal tests. Yet, Guinea baboons seem to develop no clinical symptoms, though it must be assumed that infection is chronic or comparable to the latent stage in human yaws infection. The non-active character is supported by the low anti-T. pallidum serum titers in Guinea baboons (median = 1: 2,560) versus serum titers that are found in genital-ulcerated olive baboons with active infection in Tanzania (range of medians among the groups of initial, moderate, and severe infected animals = 1: 15,360 to 1: 2.097e+7). Our findings provide evidence for simian infection with T. pallidum in wild Senegalese baboons. Potentially, Guinea baboons in West Africa serve as a natural reservoir for human infection, as the West African simian strain has been shown to cause sustainable yaws infection when inoculated into humans. The present study pinpoints an area where further research is needed to support the currently on-going second WHO led yaws eradication campaign with its goal to eradicate yaws by 2020. C1 [Knauf, Sascha] German Primate Ctr, Leibniz Inst Primate Res, Pathol Unit, Work Grp Neglected Trop Dis, Gottingen, Germany. [Barnett, Ulrike; Maciej, Peter; Klapproth, Matthias; Fischer, Julia; Zinner, Dietmar] German Primate Ctr, Leibniz Inst Primate Res, Cognit Ethol Lab, Gottingen, Germany. [Ndao, Ibrahima] Direct Parc Natl Niokolo Koba, Tambacounda, Senegal. [Frischmann, Sieghard] Mast Diagnost GmbH, Reinfeld, Germany. [Liu, Hsi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Knauf, S (reprint author), German Primate Ctr, Leibniz Inst Primate Res, Pathol Unit, Work Grp Neglected Trop Dis, Gottingen, Germany. EM sknauf@dpz.eu RI Knauf, Sascha/F-1661-2017 OI Knauf, Sascha/0000-0001-5744-4946 FU Mast Diagnostica GmbH FX Funding: The funder (Mast Diagnostica GmbH) provided support in the form of salaries for authors [SF], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 20 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0143100 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0143100 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW8LQ UT WOS:000365251500030 PM 26588087 ER PT J AU Larsen, DA Chisha, Z Winters, B Mwanza, M Kamuliwo, M Mbwili, C Hawela, M Hamainza, B Chirwa, J Craig, AS Rutagwera, MR Lungu, C Ngwenya-Kangombe, T Cheelo, S Miller, JM Bridges, DJ Winters, AM AF Larsen, David A. Chisha, Zunda Winters, Benjamin Mwanza, Mercie Kamuliwo, Mulakwa Mbwili, Clara Hawela, Moonga Hamainza, Busiku Chirwa, Jacob Craig, Allen S. Rutagwera, Marie-Reine Lungu, Chris Ngwenya-Kangombe, Tokozile Cheelo, Sanford Miller, John M. Bridges, Daniel J. Winters, Anna M. TI Malaria surveillance in low-transmission areas of Zambia using reactive case detection SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria surveillance; Reactive case detection; Elimination; Urban; Rural; Community health worker; DHIS2 ID ACTIVE CASE DETECTION; SOUTHERN ZAMBIA; SCALING-UP; ELIMINATION; IMPACT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRATEGIES; PROGRESS; BURDEN AB Background: Repeat national household surveys suggest highly variable malaria transmission and increasing coverage of high-impact malaria interventions throughout Zambia. Many areas of very low malaria transmission, especially across southern and central regions, are driving efforts towards sub-national elimination. Case description: Reactive case detection (RCD) is conducted in Southern Province and urban areas of Lusaka in connection with confirmed incident malaria cases presenting to a community health worker (CHW) or clinic and suspected of being the result of local transmission. CHWs travel to the household of the incident malaria case and screen individuals living in adjacent houses in urban Lusaka and within 140 m in Southern Province for malaria infection using a rapid diagnostic test, treating those testing positive with artemether-lumefantrine. Discussion: Reactive case detection improves access to health care and increases the capacity for the health system to identify malaria infections. The system is useful for targeting malaria interventions, and was instrumental for guiding focal indoor residual spraying in Lusaka during the 2014/2015 spray season. Variations to maximize impact of the current RCD protocol are being considered, including the use of anti-malarials with a longer lasting, post-treatment prophylaxis. Conclusion: The RCD system in Zambia is one example of a malaria elimination surveillance system which has increased access to health care within rural communities while leveraging community members to build malaria surveillance capacity. C1 [Larsen, David A.; Chisha, Zunda; Winters, Benjamin; Ngwenya-Kangombe, Tokozile; Cheelo, Sanford; Bridges, Daniel J.; Winters, Anna M.] Akros, Lusaka, Zambia. [Larsen, David A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Food Studies & Nutr, Syracuse, NY USA. [Winters, Benjamin; Mwanza, Mercie; Hawela, Moonga; Hamainza, Busiku] Govt Republ Zambia, Natl Malaria Control Ctr, Minist Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. [Mbwili, Clara] Govt Republ Zambia, Lusaka Community Dist Med Off, Minist Community Dev Mother & Child Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. [Craig, Allen S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Craig, Allen S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rutagwera, Marie-Reine; Lungu, Chris; Miller, John M.] PATH Malaria Control & Eliminat Partnership Afric, Lusaka, Zambia. [Winters, Benjamin; Winters, Anna M.] Univ Montana, Sch Publ & Community Hlth Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Winters, AM (reprint author), Akros, Great East Rd, Lusaka, Zambia. EM awinters@akros.com RI Larsen, David/D-4027-2016 OI Larsen, David/0000-0002-1876-6536 FU US President's Malaria Initiative; US Agency for International Development; PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa FX This publication was made possible through support provided by the US President's Malaria Initiative, US Agency for International Development and PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Agency for International Development or PATH. The authors are grateful for the involvement of all MOH and MCDMCH staff in the rollout of the RCD programme and commend members of the Lusaka, Central, Western and Southern Province and district offices in their continued support and oversight of the RCD programme. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 19 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 465 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-0895-9 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CW3PV UT WOS:000364905100001 PM 26586264 ER PT J AU Neafsey, DE Juraska, M Bedford, T Benkeser, D Valim, C Griggs, A Lievens, M Abdulla, S Adjei, S Agbenyega, T Agnandji, ST Aide, P Anderson, S Ansong, D Aponte, JJ Asante, KP Bejon, P Birkett, AJ Bruls, M Connolly, KM D'Alessandro, U Dobano, C Gesase, S Greenwood, B Grimsby, J Tinto, H Hamel, MJ Hoffman, I Kamthunzi, P Kariuki, S Kremsner, PG Leach, A Lell, B Lennon, NJ Lusingu, J Marsh, K Martinson, F Molel, JT Moss, EL Njuguna, P Ockenhouse, CF Ogutu, BR Otieno, W Otieno, L Otieno, K Owusu-Agyei, S Park, DJ Pelle, K Robbins, D Russ, C Ryan, EM Sacarlal, J Sogoloff, B Sorgho, H Tanner, M Theander, T Valea, I Volkman, SK Yu, Q Lapierre, D Birren, BW Gilbert, PB Wirth, DF AF Neafsey, D. E. Juraska, M. Bedford, T. Benkeser, D. Valim, C. Griggs, A. Lievens, M. Abdulla, S. Adjei, S. Agbenyega, T. Agnandji, S. T. Aide, P. Anderson, S. Ansong, D. Aponte, J. J. Asante, K. P. Bejon, P. Birkett, A. J. Bruls, M. Connolly, K. M. D'Alessandro, U. Dobano, C. Gesase, S. Greenwood, B. Grimsby, J. Tinto, H. Hamel, M. J. Hoffman, I. Kamthunzi, P. Kariuki, S. Kremsner, P. G. Leach, A. Lell, B. Lennon, N. J. Lusingu, J. Marsh, K. Martinson, F. Molel, J. T. Moss, E. L. Njuguna, P. Ockenhouse, C. F. Ogutu, B. Ragama Otieno, W. Otieno, L. Otieno, K. Owusu-Agyei, S. Park, D. J. Pelle, K. Robbins, D. Russ, C. Ryan, E. M. Sacarlal, J. Sogoloff, B. Sorgho, H. Tanner, M. Theander, T. Valea, I. Volkman, S. K. Yu, Q. Lapierre, D. Birren, B. W. Gilbert, P. B. Wirth, D. F. TI Genetic Diversity and Protective Efficacy of the RTS, S/AS01 Malaria Vaccine SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; AFRICAN CHILDREN; EXPANDED-PROGRAM; COMPETING RISKS; PHASE-3 TRIAL; ENDEMIC AREA; DOUBLE-BLIND; SAFETY; INFECTION AB BACKGROUND The RTS, S/AS01 vaccine targets the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum and has partial protective efficacy against clinical and severe malaria disease in infants and children. We investigated whether the vaccine efficacy was specific to certain parasite genotypes at the circumsporozoite protein locus. METHODS We used polymerase chain reaction-based next-generation sequencing of DNA extracted from samples from 4985 participants to survey circumsporozoite protein polymorphisms. We evaluated the effect that polymorphic positions and haplotypic regions within the circumsporozoite protein had on vaccine efficacy against first episodes of clinical malaria within 1 year after vaccination. RESULTS In the per-protocol group of 4577 RTS, S/AS01-vaccinated participants and 2335 control-vaccinated participants who were 5 to 17 months of age, the 1-year cumulative vaccine efficacy was 50.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 34.6 to 62.3) against clinical malaria in which parasites matched the vaccine in the entire circumsporozoite protein C-terminal (139 infections), as compared with 33.4% (95% CI, 29.3 to 37.2) against mismatched malaria (1951 infections) (P = 0.04 for differential vaccine efficacy). The vaccine efficacy based on the hazard ratio was 62.7% (95% CI, 51.6 to 71.3) against matched infections versus 54.2% (95% CI, 49.9 to 58.1) against mismatched infections (P = 0.06). In the group of infants 6 to 12 weeks of age, there was no evidence of differential allele-specific vaccine efficacy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that among children 5 to 17 months of age, the RTS, S vaccine has greater activity against malaria parasites with the matched circumsporozoite protein allele than against mismatched malaria. The overall vaccine efficacy in this age category will depend on the proportion of matched alleles in the local parasite population; in this trial, less than 10% of parasites had matched alleles. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.) C1 [Neafsey, D. E.; Valim, C.; Griggs, A.; Anderson, S.; Connolly, K. M.; Grimsby, J.; Lennon, N. J.; Moss, E. L.; Park, D. J.; Pelle, K.; Robbins, D.; Russ, C.; Ryan, E. M.; Sogoloff, B.; Volkman, S. K.; Yu, Q.; Birren, B. W.] Broad Inst Massachusetts Inst Technol & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Valim, C.; Pelle, K.; Volkman, S. K.; Wirth, D. F.] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Volkman, S. K.] Simmons Coll Sch Nursing & Hlth Sci, Boston, MA USA. [Juraska, M.; Bedford, T.; Benkeser, D.; Valim, C.; Gilbert, P. B.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Benkeser, D.; Gilbert, P. B.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lievens, M.; Bruls, M.; Leach, A.; Lapierre, D.] GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium. [Abdulla, S.; Molel, J. T.] Ifakara Hlth Inst, Bagamoyo, Tanzania. [Gesase, S.; Lusingu, J.] Natl Inst Med Res, Korogwe, Tanzania. [Adjei, S.; Agbenyega, T.] Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Med Sci, Kumasi, Ghana. [Asante, K. P.; Greenwood, B.; Owusu-Agyei, S.] Kintampo Hlth Res Ctr, Kintampo, Ghana. [Agnandji, S. T.; Ansong, D.; Kremsner, P. G.; Lell, B.] Albert Schweitzer Hosp, Lambarene, Gabon. [Agnandji, S. T.; Kremsner, P. G.; Lell, B.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Trop Med, Tubingen, Germany. [Aide, P.; Aponte, J. J.; Dobano, C.; Sacarlal, J.] Ctr Invest Saude Manhica, Manhica, Mozambique. [Aide, P.; Aponte, J. J.; Dobano, C.] Hosp Clin Univ Barcelona, Barcelona Ctr Int Hlth Res, Barcelona, Spain. [Birkett, A. J.; Ockenhouse, C. F.] PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiat, Washington, DC USA. [D'Alessandro, U.] MRC Unit, Banjul, Gambia. [Greenwood, B.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. [Tinto, H.; Sorgho, H.; Valea, I.] Inst Rech Sci Sante, Nanoro, Burkina Faso. [Hamel, M. J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hoffman, I.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kamthunzi, P.; Martinson, F.] UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Bejon, P.; Marsh, K.; Njuguna, P.] Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Wellcome Trust Res Program, Kilifi, Kenya. [Kariuki, S.; Otieno, K.] KEMRI CDC Res & Publ Hlth Collaborat, Kisumu, Kenya. [Ogutu, B. Ragama; Otieno, W.; Otieno, L.; Pelle, K.] KEMRI Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya. [Tanner, M.] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland. [Theander, T.] Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Wirth, DF (reprint author), Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM pgilbert@fredhutch.org; dfwirth@hsph.harvard.edu RI Dobano, Carlota/N-4119-2014; OI Dobano, Carlota/0000-0002-6751-4060; ANSONG, Daniel/0000-0003-1328-9117; Theander, Thor G./0000-0002-3509-7514 FU National Institutes of Health FX Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 14 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 19 PY 2015 VL 373 IS 21 BP 2025 EP 2037 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa1505819 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CW4JN UT WOS:000364957700008 PM 26488565 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Ogden, CL Kit, BK AF Freedman, David S. Ogden, Cynthia L. Kit, Brian K. TI Interrelationships between BMI, skinfold thicknesses, percent body fat, and cardiovascular disease risk factors among US children and adolescents SO BMC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE BMI; Skinfold thicknesses; Body fat; DXA; Children; NHANES ID MASS INDEX; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; WHITE-CHILDREN; METABOLIC RISK; FATNESS; PREDICTION; ADIPOSITY; OBESITY; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATION AB Background: Although the estimation of body fatness by Slaughter skinfold thickness equations (PBFSlaughter) has been widely used, the accuracy of this method is uncertain. We have previously examined the interrelationships among the body mass index (BMI), PBFSlaughter, percent body fat from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (PBFDXA) and CVD risk factor levels among children who were examined in the Bogalusa Heart Study and in the Pediatric Rosetta Body Composition Project. The current analyses examine these associations among 7599 8- to 19-year-olds who participated in the (U.S.) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2004. Methods: We analyzed (1) the agreement between (1) estimates of percent body fat calculated from the Slaughter skinfold thickness equations and from DXA, and (2) the relation of lipid, lipoprotein, and blood pressure levels to BMI, PBFSlaughter and PBFDXA. Results: PBFSlaughter was highly correlated (r similar to 0.85) with PBFDXA. However, among children with a relatively low skinfold thicknesses sum (triceps + subscapular), PBFSlaughter underestimated PBFDXA by 8 to 9 percentage points. In contrast, PBFSlaughter overestimated PBFDXA by 10 points among boys with a skinfold thickness sum >= 50 mm. After adjustment for sex and age, lipid levels were related similarly to the body mass index, PBFDXA and PBFSlaughter. There were, however, small differences in associations with blood pressure levels: systolic blood pressure was more strongly associated with body mass index, but diastolic blood pressure was more strongly associated with percent body fat. Conclusions: The Slaughter equations yield biased estimates of body fatness. In general, lipid and blood pressure levels are related similarly to levels of BMI (following adjustment for sex and age), PBFSlaughter, and PBFDXA. C1 [Freedman, David S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ogden, Cynthia L.; Kit, Brian K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM dxf1@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2431 J9 BMC PEDIATR JI BMC Pediatr. PD NOV 18 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 188 DI 10.1186/s12887-015-0493-6 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA CW6BT UT WOS:000365082900002 PM 26582570 ER PT J AU Owsley, C Rhodes, LA McGwin, G Mennemeyer, ST Bregantini, M Patel, N Wiley, DM LaRussa, F Box, D Saaddine, J Crews, JE Girkin, CA AF Owsley, Cynthia Rhodes, Lindsay A. McGwin, Gerald, Jr. Mennemeyer, Stephen T. Bregantini, Mary Patel, Nita Wiley, Demond M. LaRussa, Frank Box, Dan Saaddine, Jinan Crews, John E. Girkin, Christopher A. TI Eye Care Quality and Accessibility Improvement in the Community (EQUALITY) for adults at risk for glaucoma: study rationale and design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EQUITY IN HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Primary open angle glaucoma; Ocular hypertension; Glaucoma suspect; Health disparities; Telemedicine; Vision impairment; Eye care utilization; Eye health education; Spectral domain optical coherence tomography ID OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA; OLDER AFRICAN-AMERICANS; RETINOPATHY SCREENING EXAMINATIONS; PREFERRED PRACTICE PATTERNS; MOTOR-VEHICLE COLLISIONS; VISUAL-FIELD DEFECTS; DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; OF-LIFE; MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AB Background: Primary open angle glaucoma is a chronic, progressive eye disease that is the leading cause of blindness among African Americans. Glaucoma progresses more rapidly and appears about 10 years earlier in African Americans as compared to whites. African Americans are also less likely to receive comprehensive eye care when glaucoma could be detected before irreversible blindness. Screening and follow-up protocols for managing glaucoma recommended by eye-care professional organizations are often not followed by primary eye-care providers, both ophthalmologists and optometrists. There is a pressing need to improve both the accessibility and quality of glaucoma care for African Americans. Telemedicine may be an effective solution for improving management and diagnosis of glaucoma because it depends on ocular imaging and tests that can be electronically transmitted to remote reading centers where tertiary care specialists can examine the results. We describe the Eye Care Quality and Accessibility Improvement in the Community project (EQUALITY), set to evaluate a teleglaucoma program deployed in retail-based primary eye care practices serving communities with a large percentage of African Americans. Methods/ Design: We conducted an observational, 1-year prospective study based in two Walmart Vision Centers in Alabama staffed by primary care optometrists. EQUALITY focuses on new or existing adult patients who are at-risk for glaucoma or already diagnosed with glaucoma. Patients receive dilated comprehensive examinations and diagnostic testing for glaucoma, followed by the optometrist's diagnosis and a preliminary management plan. Results are transmitted to a glaucoma reading center where ophthalmologists who completed fellowship training in glaucoma review results and provide feedback to the optometrist, who manages the care of the patient. Patients also receive eye health education about glaucoma and comprehensive eye care. Research questions include diagnostic and management agreement between providers, the impact of eye health education on patients' knowledge and adherence to follow-up and medication, patient satisfaction, program cost-effectiveness, and EQUALITY's impact on Walmart pharmacy prescription rates. Discussion: As eye-care delivery systems in the US strive to improve quality while reducing costs, telemedicine programs including teleglaucoma initiatives such as EQUALITY could contribute toward reaching this goal, particularly among underserved populations at-risk for chronic blinding diseases. C1 [Owsley, Cynthia; Rhodes, Lindsay A.; McGwin, Gerald, Jr.; Wiley, Demond M.; Girkin, Christopher A.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Ophthalmol, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [McGwin, Gerald, Jr.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Mennemeyer, Stephen T.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Care Org & Policy, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Bregantini, Mary; Patel, Nita] Prevent Blindness, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. [LaRussa, Frank] Walmart Vis Ctr 1481, Birmingham, AL 35209 USA. [Box, Dan] Walmart Vis Ctr 715, Tuscaloosa, AL 35405 USA. [Box, Dan] Global Eye Care PC, Tuscaloosa, AL 35405 USA. [Saaddine, Jinan; Crews, John E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Vis Hlth Initiat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Owsley, C (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Ophthalmol, Sch Med, 700 S 18th St, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM owsley@uab.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1U58DP004061] FX This program was funded through a cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (#1U58DP004061), with supplemental support from the EyeSight Foundation of Alabama and Research to Prevent Blindness. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention participated in the design, writing the manuscript, and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The EyeSight Foundation of Alabama and Research to Prevent Blindness did not participate in any aspect of the study. NR 105 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-9276 J9 INT J EQUITY HEALTH JI Int. J. Equity Health PD NOV 18 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 135 DI 10.1186/s12939-015-0213-8 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW7IT UT WOS:000365172500001 PM 26582103 ER PT J AU Dellicour, S Desai, M Aol, G Oneko, M Ouma, P Bigogo, G Burton, DC Breiman, RF Hamel, MJ Slutsker, L Feikin, D Kariuki, S Odhiambo, F Pandit, J Laserson, KF Calip, G Stergachis, A ter Kuile, FO AF Dellicour, Stephanie Desai, Meghna Aol, George Oneko, Martina Ouma, Peter Bigogo, Godfrey Burton, Deron C. Breiman, Robert F. Hamel, Mary J. Slutsker, Laurence Feikin, Daniel Kariuki, Simon Odhiambo, Frank Pandit, Jayesh Laserson, Kayla F. Calip, Greg Stergachis, Andy ter Kuile, Feiko O. TI Risks of miscarriage and inadvertent exposure to artemisinin derivatives in the first trimester of pregnancy: a prospective cohort study in western Kenya SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Anti-malarials; Pharmacovigilance; Drug safety in pregnancy; Teratogenicity; Miscarriage ID ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; MORBIDITY SURVEILLANCE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUG; BIRTH-WEIGHT; SAFETY; MALARIA; WOMEN; ARTESUNATE; HEALTH AB Background: The artemisinin anti-malarials are widely deployed as artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). However, they are not recommended for uncomplicated malaria during the first trimester because safety data from humans are scarce. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of women of child-bearing age carried out in 2011-2013, evaluating the relationship between inadvertent ACT exposure during first trimester and miscarriage. Community-based surveillance was used to identify 1134 early pregnancies. Cox proportional hazard models with left truncation were used. Results: The risk of miscarriage among pregnancies exposed to ACT (confirmed + unconfirmed) in the first trimester, or during the embryo-sensitive period (>= 6 to <13 weeks gestation) was higher than among pregnancies unexposed to anti-malarials in the first trimester: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.70, 95 % CI (1.08-2.68) and HR = 1.61 (0.96-2.70). For confirmed ACT-exposures (primary analysis) the corresponding values were: HR = 1.24 (0.56-2.74) and HR = 0.73 (0.19-2.82)relative to unexposed women, and HR = 0.99 (0.12-8.33) and HR = 0.32 (0.03-3.61) relative to quinine exposure, but the numbers of quinine exposures were very small. Conclusion: ACT exposure in early pregnancy was more common than quinine exposure. Confirmed inadvertent artemisinin exposure during the potential embryo-sensitive period was not associated with increased risk of miscarriage. Confirmatory studies are needed to rule out a smaller than three-fold increase in risk. C1 [Dellicour, Stephanie; ter Kuile, Feiko O.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Desai, Meghna; Burton, Deron C.; Hamel, Mary J.; Slutsker, Laurence; Feikin, Daniel; Laserson, Kayla F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Aol, George; Oneko, Martina; Ouma, Peter; Bigogo, Godfrey; Kariuki, Simon; Odhiambo, Frank] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Breiman, Robert F.] Emory Univ, Global Hlth Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Pandit, Jayesh] Bayer Healthcare, Nairobi, Kenya. [Calip, Greg] Univ Illinois, Pharm Syst Outcomes & Policy Dept, Chicago, IL USA. [Stergachis, Andy] Univ Washington, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stergachis, Andy] Univ Washington, Sch Pharm, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stergachis, Andy] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Pharm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stergachis, Andy] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dellicour, S (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. EM Stephanie.Dellicour@lstmed.ac.uk OI Calip, Gregory/0000-0002-7744-3518; ter Kuile, Feiko/0000-0003-3663-5617 FU Lwak Mission Hospital Board; Malaria in Pregnancy (MiP) Consortium - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria; Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya; Asembo District health and medical team FX The work presented in this paper was performed under the KEMRI and CDC Collaboration in western Kenya. We are very grateful to all participants for taking part in the study. We wish to thank the EMEP study team for their perseverance and hard work. We are grateful to the International Emerging Infection Program (IEIP) team for their help and collaboration. Furthermore we thank the Asembo District health and medical team and the Lwak Mission Hospital Board for their support. We also thank John Williamson and Jane Bruce for the statistical support and advice. KEMRI/CDC HDSS is a member of the INDEPTH Network. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This paper is published with the permission of KEMRI Director. This work was partly supported by the Malaria in Pregnancy (MiP) Consortium, which is funded through a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK and partly by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria through a cooperative agreement with Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 18 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 461 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-0950-6 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CW3PT UT WOS:000364904900001 PM 26581434 ER PT J AU Miller, KS Winskell, K Pruitt, KL Saul, J AF Miller, Kim S. Winskell, Kate Pruitt, Kaitlyn L. Saul, Janet TI Curriculum Development Around Parenting Strategies to Prevent and Respond to Child Sexual Abuse in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Program Collaboration Between Families Matter! and Global Dialogues SO JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE LA English DT Article DE child sexual abuse; curriculum development; gender-based violence; HIV prevention; parent-child communication; parenting; preadolescence; sexual violence ID URBAN TANZANIA AB Despite widespread recognition of child sexual abuse as a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa, few far-reaching programmatic interventions addressing child sexual abuse in this setting are currently available, and those interventions that do exist tend to focus on response rather than prevention. The Families Matter! Program is an evidence-based intervention for parents and caregivers of 9- to 12-year-olds in sub-Saharan African countries which promotes positive parenting practices and effective parent-child communication about sex-related issues. This article describes the enhancement of a new Families Matter! Program session on child sexual abuse, drawing on authentic narratives contributed by young people to the Global Dialogues from Africa youth scriptwriting competitions. Experiences are shared with a view to informing the development of interventions addressing child sexual abuse in sub-Saharan Africa. C1 [Miller, Kim S.; Saul, Janet] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Winskell, Kate; Pruitt, Kaitlyn L.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Miller, KS (reprint author), CDC CGH DGHA, Youth Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kmiller@cdc.gov FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This research was supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1053-8712 EI 1547-0679 J9 J CHILD SEX ABUS JI J. Child Sex. Abus. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 24 IS 8 BP 839 EP 852 DI 10.1080/10538712.2015.1088913 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA CZ4AL UT WOS:000367045200001 PM 26701277 ER PT J AU Verani, JR Domingues, CMAS de Moraes, JC AF Verani, Jennifer R. Santos Domingues, Carla Magda A. de Moraes, Jose Cassio CA Brazilian Pneumococcal Conjugate V TI Indirect cohort analysis of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine effectiveness against vaccine-type and vaccine-related invasive pneumococcal disease SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV); Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD); Vaccine effectiveness; Brazil; Case-control studies ID WORLDWIDE; EFFICACY AB We applied the indirect cohort method to estimate effectiveness of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) among young children in Brazil. Cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), i.e., Streptococcus pneumoniae, detected in normally sterile fluid identified through laboratory-based surveillance and previously enrolled in a matched case-control effectiveness study are included. We estimated PCV10 effectiveness using multivariable logistic regression comparing PCV10 vaccination among children with vaccine-type or vaccine-related IPD vs. children with non-vaccine-type disease. The adjusted effectiveness of >= 1 doses against vaccine-type (72.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] [44.1, 86.71) and vaccine-related (61.3%, 95%CI [14.5, 82.5]) IPD were similar to the effectiveness observed in the original case-control study (which required enrollment >1200 controls). We also found significant protection of >= 1 dose against individual vaccine serotypes (14, 6B, 23F, 18C) and against vaccine-related serotype 19A. The indirect cohort methods leverages existing surveillance is a feasible approach for evaluating pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, particularly in resource-limited settings. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Verani, Jennifer R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Santos Domingues, Carla Magda A.] Minist Hlth, Secretariat Hlth Surveillance, Natl Immunizat Program, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Santos Domingues, Carla Magda A.] Univ Brasilia, Ctr Trop Med, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [de Moraes, Jose Cassio] Sch Med Sci Santa Casa, Dept Social Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Verani, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jverani@cdc.gov FU Brazilian Ministry of Health; Pan American Health Organization; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease was funded by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, with support from the Pan American Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health secretariats in participating states provided assistance with data collection. Participating hospitals were responsible for obtaining pneumococcal isolates. Support for the national reference laboratory for invasive pneumococcal diseases was provided by the Pan American Health Organization through the regional laboratory network project, SIREVA II. Authors who are employees of the funders and collaborating institutions took full responsibility for the design of the study, data collection, data analysis and the final decision to publish. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 46 BP 6145 EP 6148 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.007 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CX0CI UT WOS:000365364100003 PM 26469718 ER PT J AU Teshale, EH Kamili, S Drobeniuc, J Denniston, M Bakamutamaho, B Downing, R AF Teshale, Eyasu H. Kamili, Saleem Drobeniuc, Jan Denniston, Maxine Bakamutamaho, Barnabas Downing, Robert TI Hepatitis B virus infection in northern Uganda: Impact of pentavalent hepatitis B vaccination SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Hepatitis B virus; Pentavalent vaccine; Prevalence; Birth-dose; Mother-to-infant transmission AB Chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHBI) is effectively prevented by vaccination starting at birth. Beginning in 2002 Uganda adopted a policy of providing the pentavalent hepatitis B vaccine starting at 6 weeks of age. However, there is concern that this delay may leave the infant vulnerable to infection during the first 6 weeks of life. We assessed whether vaccination at 6 weeks was an effective strategy by HBV serologic study. Of 656 persons tested for HBV, 9.4% were chronically infected; among children aged 5-9 years the prevalence was 7.6%. Of all tested, 73 were born (i.e., aged <= 4 years) after the introduction of the pentavalent vaccine; none were infected with HBV (p = 0.003). In this study, vaccination with the pentavalent vaccine at 6 weeks did not result in CHBI, but rather provides an opportunity to prevent mother-to-infant transmission of HBV infection where there is no access to birth-dose vaccine. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Teshale, Eyasu H.; Kamili, Saleem; Drobeniuc, Jan; Denniston, Maxine] CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bakamutamaho, Barnabas; Downing, Robert] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Teshale, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM eht4@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 46 BP 6161 EP 6163 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.058 PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CX0CI UT WOS:000365364100007 PM 26431985 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Denniston, MM Jiles-Chapman, RB Murphy, TV AF Klevens, R. Monina Denniston, Maxine M. Jiles-Chapman, Ruth B. Murphy, Trudy V. TI Decreasing immunity to hepatitis A virus infection among US adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2012 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Hepatitis A virus; Seroprevalence; Adults; Children; US ID UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION COVERAGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PERSISTENCE; MEMORY AB Background: The clinical course of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is more severe with increased age. In the United States, surveillance data reported to CDC since 2011 indicate increases in both the absolute number of cases and the mean age of cases. Total antibody to HAV (anti-HAV) is a marker of immunity. Methods: We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for anti-HAV from respondents aged >= 2 years collected from 2007 to 2012 and compared with data collected 10 years earlier (1999-2006). For US-born adults aged >= 20 years, we estimated age-adjusted anti-HAV prevalence by demographic and other characteristics, evaluated factors associated with anti-HAV positivity and examined anti-HAV prevalence by decade of birth. Results: The prevalence of anti-HAV among adults aged >= 20 years was 24.2% (95% Cl 22.5-25.9) during 2007-2012, a significant decline from 29.5% (95% CI 28.0-31.1) during 1999-2006. Prevalence of anti-HAV was consistently lower in 2007-2012 compared to 1999-2006 by all characteristics examined. In 2007-2012, the lowest age-specific prevalence was among adults aged 30-49 years (16.1-17.6%). Factors significantly associated with anti-HAV positivity among adults were older age, Mexican American ethnicity, living below poverty, less education, and not having insurance. By decade of birth, the prevalence of anti-HAV was slightly lower in 2009-2012 than in 1999-2002, except among persons born from 1980 to 1989. Conclusions: NHANES data document very low prevalence of hepatitis A immunity among U.S. adults aged 30-49 years; waning of anti-HAV over time may be minimal. Improving vaccination coverage among susceptible adults should be considered. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Klevens, R. Monina; Denniston, Maxine M.; Jiles-Chapman, Ruth B.; Murphy, Trudy V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM monina.klevens@state.ma.us NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 46 BP 6192 EP 6198 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.009 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CX0CI UT WOS:000365364100012 PM 26476364 ER PT J AU Baggs, J Yousey-Hindes, K Ashley, ED Meek, J Dumyati, G Cohen, J Wise, ME McDonald, LC Lessa, FC AF Baggs, James Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly Ashley, Elizabeth Dodds Meek, James Dumyati, Ghinwa Cohen, Jessica Wise, Matthew E. McDonald, L. Clifford Lessa, Fernanda C. TI Identification of population at risk for future Clostridium difficile infection following hospital discharge to be targeted for vaccine trials SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Clostridium difficile infection; Administrative data; Health care-associated infections; Anti-bacterial agents; Vaccines ID PREDICTION MODEL; UNITED-STATES; VALIDATION; ONSET AB Background: Efforts to develop a Clostridium difficile vaccine are underway; identification of patients at risk for C. difficile infection (CDI) is critical to inform vaccine trials. We identified groups at high risk of CDI >= 28 days after hospital discharge. Methods: Hospital discharge data and pharmacy data from two large academic centers, in New York and Connecticut, were linked to active population-based CDI surveillance data from the Emerging Infections Program (EIP). Adult residents of the EIP surveillance area were included if they had an inpatient stay at a study hospital without prior history of CDI. The primary outcome was CDI by either toxin or molecular assay >= 28 days after an index hospitalization. Important predictors of CDI >= 28 days post discharge were initially identified through a Cox proportional hazards model (stepwise backward selection) using a derivation cohort; final model parameters were used to develop a risk score evaluated in the validation cohort. Results: Of the 35,186 index hospitalizations, 288 (0.82%) had CDI >= 28 days post discharge. After parameter selection, age, number of hospitalizations in the prior 90 days, admission diagnosis, and the use of 3rd/4th generation cephalosporin, clindamycin or fluoroquinolone antibiotic classes remained in the model. Using the validation cohort, the risk score was predictive (p < 0.001) with a c-score of 0.75. Based on the distribution of scores in the derivation cohort, we divided the patients into low and high risk groups. In the high risk group, 1.6% experienced CDI >= 28 days post discharge compared to 0.3% among our low risk group. Conclusions: Our study identified specific parameters for a risk score that can be applied at discharge to identify a patient population whose risk of CDI >= 28 days following an acute care hospitalization was 5 times greater than other patients. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baggs, James; Cohen, Jessica; Wise, Matthew E.; McDonald, L. Clifford; Lessa, Fernanda C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly; Meek, James] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Ashley, Elizabeth Dodds; Dumyati, Ghinwa] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Cohen, Jessica] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baggs, J (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd MS A31, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jbaggs@cdc.gov OI Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly/0000-0002-9418-575X; Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 FU GlaxoSmithKline through CDC Foundation FX This study was partially funded by GlaxoSmithKline through CDC Foundation. GSK was provided the opportunity to review a preliminary version of this manuscript for factual accuracy, but the authors are solely responsible for final content and interpretation. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 46 BP 6241 EP 6249 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.078 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CX0CI UT WOS:000365364100020 PM 26450660 ER PT J AU Mathanga, DP Mwandama, DA Bauleni, A Chisaka, J Shah, MP Landman, KZ Lindblade, KA Steinhardt, LC AF Mathanga, Don P. Mwandama, Dyson A. Bauleni, Andy Chisaka, Joseph Shah, Monica P. Landman, Keren Z. Lindblade, Kim A. Steinhardt, Laura C. TI The effectiveness of long-lasting, insecticide-treated nets in a setting of pyrethroid resistance: a case-control study among febrile children 6 to 59 months of age in Machinga District, Malawi SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Febrile children; Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets; Prevention; Pyrethroid resistance ID BED NETS; ANOPHELES-ARABIENSIS; WESTERN KENYA; MALARIA; VECTOR; IMPACT; AREA; MORBIDITY AB Background: The escalating level of mosquito resistance to pyrethroid insecticides threatens the effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) for malaria control in Malawi. An evaluation of the effectiveness of ITNs for preventing malaria in children aged 6-59 months old, after 1 year of mass distribution of LLINs was conducted in Machinga District, Malawi, an area of moderate pyrethroid resistance. Methods: A facility-based, case-control study among children 6-59 months was conducted in an area of pyrethroid resistance between March and September 2013 in Machinga District. Cases and controls were children with fever who sought care from the same hospital and tested positive and negative, respectively, for malaria parasites by microscopy. Results: A high proportion of both cases (354 of 404 or 87.6 %) and controls (660 of 778 or 84.8 %) slept under an ITN the night before the survey. In univariable logistic regression, older age (24-59 months versus 6-23 months, p < 0.001), sleeping on the floor versus a mattress (p < 0.001), and open versus closed house eaves (p = 0.001) were associated with increased odds of malaria, whilst secondary education of the caretaker, having windows on multiple walls, and being in the least poor wealth quintile (p < 0.001 for each) reduced the odds of malaria; ITN use was not associated with malaria (p = 0.181). In multivariable analysis, older age (p < 0.001) and secondary education of the caregiver (p = 0.011) were the only factors significantly associated with malaria. Conclusion: This study did not find a significant personal protective effect of ITNs. However, high use of ITNs in the community and recent findings of lower malaria incidence in ITN users compared to bed net non-users from a cohort study in the same area suggest that ITNs provide community protection to both users and non-users alike in this area. C1 [Mathanga, Don P.; Mwandama, Dyson A.; Bauleni, Andy; Chisaka, Joseph] Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Malaria Alert Ctr, Blantyre, Malawi. [Shah, Monica P.; Landman, Keren Z.; Lindblade, Kim A.; Steinhardt, Laura C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mwandama, DA (reprint author), Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Malaria Alert Ctr, Private Bag 360, Blantyre, Malawi. EM dmwandama@mac.medcol.mw FU President's Malaria Initiative; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); CDC [U01CK000135]; Malaria Alert Centre, College of Medicine [U01CK000135]; US Agency for International Development FX The authors appreciate the support and cooperation of the Machinga District Hospital Management Team, traditional chiefs, nurses, interviewers, and all the children under five and their caregivers for their support to the study. The President's Malaria Initiative, US Agency for International Development, under the terms of an Interagency Agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and through a Cooperative Agreement (No. U01CK000135) between the CDC and the Malaria Alert Centre, College of Medicine provided support for this work. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 457 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-0961-3 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CW1NT UT WOS:000364757900001 PM 26577571 ER PT J AU Yoo, BK Humiston, SG Szilagyi, PG Schaffer, SJ Long, C Kolasa, M AF Yoo, Byung-Kwang Humiston, Sharon G. Szilagyi, Peter G. Schaffer, Stanley J. Long, Christine Kolasa, Maureen TI Cost effectiveness analysis of Year 2 of an elementary school-located influenza vaccination program-Results from a randomized controlled trial SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE School-located vaccination program; Influenza vaccination; Community-based randomized controlled trial; Cost-effectiveness analysis; Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ID LABORATORY-CONFIRMED INFLUENZA; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; OUTPATIENT VISITS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; IMMUNIZATION; IMPACT; H1N1; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Background: School-located vaccination against influenza (SLV-I) has the potential to improve current suboptimal influenza immunization coverage for U.S. school-aged children. However, little is known about SLV-I's cost-effectiveness. The objective of this study is to establish the cost-effectiveness of SLV-I based on a two-year community-based randomized controlled trial (Year 1: 2009-2010 vaccination season, an unusual H1N1 pandemic influenza season, and Year 2: 2010-2011, a more typical influenza season). Methods: We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis on a two-year randomized controlled trial of a Western New York SLV-I program. SLV-I clinics were offered in 21 intervention elementary schools (Year 1 n = 9,027; Year 2 n = 9,145 children) with standard-of-care (no SLV-I) in control schools (Year 1 n = 4,534 (10 schools); Year 2 n = 4,796 children (11 schools)). We estimated the cost-per-vaccinated child, by dividing the incremental cost of the intervention by the incremental effectiveness (i.e., the number of additionally vaccinated students in intervention schools compared to control schools). Results: In Years 1 and 2, respectively, the effectiveness measure (proportion of children vaccinated) was 11.2 and 12.0 percentage points higher in intervention (40.7 % and 40.4 %) than control schools. In year 2, the cost-per-vaccinated child excluding vaccine purchase ($59.88 in 2010 US $) consisted of three component costs: (A) the school costs ($8.25); (B) the project coordination costs ($32.33); and (C) the vendor costs excluding vaccine purchase ($16.68), summed through Monte Carlo simulation. Compared to Year 1, the two component costs (A) and (C) decreased, while the component cost (B) increased in Year 2. The cost-per-vaccinated child, excluding vaccine purchase, was $59.73 (Year 1) and $59.88 (Year 2, statistically indistinguishable from Year 1), higher than the published cost of providing influenza vaccination in medical practices ($39.54). However, taking indirect costs (e.g., averted parental costs to visit medical practices) into account, vaccination was less costly in SLV-I ($23.96 in Year 1, $24.07 in Year 2) than in medical practices. Conclusions: Our two-year trial's findings reinforced the evidence to support SLV-I as a potentially favorable system to increase childhood influenza vaccination rates in a cost-efficient way. Increased efficiencies in SLV-I are needed for a sustainable and scalable SLV-I program. C1 [Yoo, Byung-Kwang] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Med Sci 1C, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Humiston, Sharon G.] Childrens Mercy Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. [Szilagyi, Peter G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Schaffer, Stanley J.] Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Long, Christine] Univ Rochester, Ctr Community Hlth, Rochester, NY 14607 USA. [Kolasa, Maureen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yoo, BK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Med Sci 1C, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM byoo@ucdavis.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [055215-002] FX Supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Grant #: 055215-002 "School-Based Influenza Immunization Program" NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6963 J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES JI BMC Health Serv. Res. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 511 DI 10.1186/s12913-015-1169-5 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA CW1SV UT WOS:000364772600003 PM 26573461 ER PT J AU Rota, PA Bankamp, B AF Rota, Paul A. Bankamp, Bettina TI Whole-Genome Sequencing During Measles Outbreaks SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENOTYPES C1 [Rota, Paul A.; Bankamp, Bettina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM prota@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 212 IS 10 BP 1529 EP 1530 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiv272 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA DB7BE UT WOS:000368668600002 PM 26153410 ER PT J AU Greenbaum, A Quinn, C Bailer, J Su, S Havers, F Durand, LO Jiang, V Page, S Budd, J Shaw, M Biggerstaff, M de Fijter, S Smith, K Reed, C Epperson, S Brammer, L Feltz, D Sohner, K Ford, J Jain, S Gargiullo, P Weiss, E Burg, P DiOrio, M Fowler, B Finelli, L Jhung, MA AF Greenbaum, Adena Quinn, Celia Bailer, Jennifer Su, Su Havers, Fiona Durand, Lizette O. Jiang, Victoria Page, Shannon Budd, Jeremy Shaw, Michael Biggerstaff, Matthew de Fijter, Sietske Smith, Kathleen Reed, Carrie Epperson, Scott Brammer, Lynnette Feltz, Dave Sohner, Kevin Ford, Jared Jain, Seema Gargiullo, Paul Weiss, Edward Burg, Pat DiOrio, Mary Fowler, Brian Finelli, Lyn Jhung, Michael A. TI Investigation of an Outbreak of Variant Influenza A(H3N2) Virus Infection Associated With an Agricultural Fair-Ohio, August 2012 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE influenza; variant influenza virus; outbreak ID A H1N1 VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; SWINE INFLUENZA; TRANSMISSION; PIGS; PENNSYLVANIA; HUMANS; DISEASE; VACCINE; PEOPLE AB Background. In 2012, one third of cases in a multistate outbreak of variant influenza A(H3N2) virus ([H3N2]v) infection occurred in Ohio. We conducted an investigation of (H3N2) v cases associated with agricultural Fair A in Ohio. Methods. We surveyed Fair A swine exhibitors and their household members. Confirmed cases had influenza-like illness (ILI) and a positive laboratory test for (H3N2) v, and probable cases had ILI. We calculated attack rates. We determined risk factors for infection, using multivariable log-binomial regression. Results. We identified 20 confirmed and 94 probable cases associated with Fair A. Among 114 cases, the median age was 10 years, there were no hospitalizations or deaths, and 82% had swine exposure. In the exhibitor household cohort of 359 persons (83 households), we identified 6 confirmed cases (2%) and 40 probable cases (11%). An age of <10 years was a significant risk factor (P<.01) for illness. One instance of likely human-to-human transmission was identified. Conclusions. In this (H3N2) v outbreak, no evidence of sustained human-to-human (H3N2) v transmission was found. Our risk factor analysis contributed to the development of the recommendation that people at increased risk of influenza-associated complications, including children aged <5 years, avoid swine barns at fairs during the 2012 fair season. C1 [Greenbaum, Adena; Quinn, Celia; Havers, Fiona; Durand, Lizette O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Greenbaum, Adena; Su, Su; Jiang, Victoria; Shaw, Michael; Biggerstaff, Matthew; Reed, Carrie; Epperson, Scott; Brammer, Lynnette; Jain, Seema; Gargiullo, Paul; Finelli, Lyn; Jhung, Michael A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Weiss, Edward] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. [Quinn, Celia; Page, Shannon; Budd, Jeremy; de Fijter, Sietske; Smith, Kathleen; Feltz, Dave; Sohner, Kevin; Ford, Jared; DiOrio, Mary; Fowler, Brian] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Burg, Pat] Butler Cty Hlth Dept, Hamilton, OH USA. [Durand, Lizette O.] US Naval Med Res Unit 6, Lima, Peru. RP Greenbaum, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 1830 Monument St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM agreenbaum@jhmi.edu NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 212 IS 10 BP 1592 EP 1599 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiv269 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA DB7BE UT WOS:000368668600011 PM 25948864 ER PT J AU Dawood, FS Jara, J Estripeaut, D Vergara, O Luciani, K Corro, M de Leon, T Saldana, R Baires, JMC Flores, RR Cazares, RA de Fuentes, YSB Franco, D Gaitan, M Schneider, E Berman, L Azziz-Baumgartner, E Widdowson, MA AF Dawood, Fatimah S. Jara, Jorge Estripeaut, Dora Vergara, Ofelina Luciani, Kathia Corro, Mary de Leon, Tirza Saldana, Ricardo Baires, Juan Miguel Castillo Flores, Rafael Rauda Cazares, Rafael A. de Fuentes, Yarisa Sujey Brizuela Franco, Danilo Gaitan, Melissa Schneider, Eileen Berman, LaShondra Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo Widdowson, Marc-Alain TI What Is the Added Benefit of Oropharyngeal Swabs Compared to Nasal Swabs Alone for Respiratory Virus Detection in Hospitalized Children Aged < 10 Years? SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE influenza, human; respiratory syncytial virus infections; parainfluenza; human metapneumovirus; children, hospitalized ID NASOPHARYNGEAL ASPIRATE; INFECTION AB We evaluated the added value of collecting both nasal and oropharyngeal swabs, compared with collection of nasal swabs alone, for detection of common respiratory viruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in hospitalized children aged <10 years. Nasal swabs had equal or greater sensitivity than oropharyngeal swabs for detection of respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, and influenza virus but not parainfluenza virus. The addition of an oropharyngeal swab, compared with use of a nasal swab alone, increased the frequency of detection of each respiratory virus by no more than 10% in children aged <10 years. C1 [Dawood, Fatimah S.; Berman, LaShondra; Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo; Widdowson, Marc-Alain] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Schneider, Eileen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Jara, Jorge] Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Estudios Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Estripeaut, Dora; Vergara, Ofelina] Hosp Nino, Panama City, Panama. [Luciani, Kathia; Corro, Mary] Hosp Especialidades Pediat Omar Torrijos, Panama City, Panama. [Franco, Danilo; Gaitan, Melissa] Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama. [de Leon, Tirza; Saldana, Ricardo] Hosp Materno Infantil Jose Domingo De Obaldia, David, Panama. [Baires, Juan Miguel Castillo; Flores, Rafael Rauda] Hosp San Juan Dios, Santa Ana, CA USA. [Cazares, Rafael A.; de Fuentes, Yarisa Sujey Brizuela] Hosp San Juan Dios, San Miguel, El Salvador. RP Dawood, FS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM fdawood@cdc.gov FU CDC; Universidad del Valle de Guatemala FX This work was supported by the CDC through a cooperative agreement with the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 212 IS 10 BP 1600 EP 1603 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiv265 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA DB7BE UT WOS:000368668600012 PM 25943205 ER PT J AU Arriola, CS Chaves, SS AF Arriola, Carmen S. Chaves, Sandra S. TI Commentary On Arriola et al. Antivirals and Effect Modification in Influenza Studies Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Arriola, Carmen S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Arriola, Carmen S.; Chaves, Sandra S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Arriola, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM wus3@cdc.gov FU NCEZID CDC HHS [RFA-CK12-1202]; NCHM CDC HHS [5U38HM000414] NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 212 IS 10 BP 1684 EP 1685 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiv385 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA DB7BE UT WOS:000368668600023 PM 26175456 ER PT J AU Lakis, NS Li, Y Abraham, JL Upton, C Blair, DC Smith, S Zhao, H Damon, IK AF Lakis, Nelli S. Li, Yu Abraham, Jerrold L. Upton, Chris Blair, Donald C. Smith, Scott Zhao, Hui Damon, Inger K. TI Novel Poxvirus Infection in an Immune Suppressed Patient SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE poxvirus; immunosupression; pathology ID VACCINIA VIRUS; PCR ASSAYS; SMALLPOX; PROTEIN; GENOME; GENE; POX AB Background. Human and animal poxvirus infections are being reported with increasing frequency. We describe a challenging case history and treatment of a previously unknown poxvirus rash illness in a renal transplant patient. Methods. A combination of classical microbiology techniques, including viral culture and electron microscopy, were used to provide initial clinical diagnosis. Subsequent standard polymerase chain reaction assays available in 2001 were noncontributory. Next generation sequencing was used to provide definitive diagnosis. Results. Retrospectively, next generation sequencing methods were used to ultimately provide the definitive diagnosis of a novel poxvirus infection initially identified by electron microscopy. The closest relative of this poxvirus, identified in North America, is a poxvirus collected from a mosquito pool from Central Africa in 1972. Conclusions. This diagnostic quandary was ultimately solved using next generation DNA sequencing. This article describes the use of classical and next generation diagnostic strategies to identify etiologic agents of emerging infectious diseases and once again demonstrates the susceptibility of immunossupressed patients to novel pathogens. The virus identified is closely related to Yoka virus; these viruses appear to have independently diverged from a common ancestor of all known orthopoxviruses. C1 [Lakis, Nelli S.; Abraham, Jerrold L.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Pathol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Li, Yu; Smith, Scott; Zhao, Hui; Damon, Inger K.] Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Upton, Chris] Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Blair, Donald C.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Med, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Damon, IK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM iad7@cdc.gov OI Upton, Chris/0000-0002-9019-8967 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 61 IS 10 BP 1543 EP 1548 DI 10.1093/cid/civ643 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CW7EW UT WOS:000365161800009 PM 26243783 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, PR Meier, C Laraway, H Tang, YX Hodgson, A Sow, SO Enwere, GC Plikaytis, BD Kulkarni, PS Preziosi, MP Niedrig, M AF Chowdhury, Panchali Roy Meier, Christian Laraway, Hewad Tang, Yuxiao Hodgson, Abraham Sow, Samba O. Enwere, Godwin C. Plikaytis, Brian D. Kulkarni, Prasad S. Preziosi, Marie-Pierre Niedrig, Matthias TI Immunogenicity of Yellow Fever Vaccine Coadministered With MenAfriVac in Healthy Infants in Ghana and Mali SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE yellow fever vaccine; group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine; coadministration; microneutralization assay; Africa ID CLINICAL-TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; 17D VACCINES; MEASLES; SAFETY; IMMUNIZATION; MULTICENTER; FRANCE AB Background. Yellow fever (YF) is still a major public health problem in endemic regions of Africa and South America. In Africa, one of the main control strategies is routine vaccination within the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). A new meningococcal A conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT) is about to be introduced in the EPI of countries in the African meningitis belt, and this study reports on the immunogenicity of the YF-17D vaccines in infants when administered concomitantly with measles vaccine and PsA-TT. Methods. Two clinical studies were conducted in Ghana and in Mali among infants who received PsA-TT concomitantly with measles and YF vaccines at 9 months of age. YF neutralizing antibody titers were measured using a microneutralization assay. Results. In both studies, the PsA-TT did not adversely affect the immune response to the concomitantly administered YF vaccine at the age of 9 months. The magnitude of the immune response was different between the 2 studies, with higher seroconversion and seroprotection rates found in Mali vs Ghana. Conclusions. Immunogenicity to YF vaccine is unaffected when coadministered with PsA-TT at 9 months of age. Further studies are warranted to better understand the determinants of the immune response to YF vaccine in infancy. Clinical Trials Registration. ISRCTN82484612 (PsA-TT-004); PACTR201110000328305 (PsA-TT-007). C1 [Chowdhury, Panchali Roy; Meier, Christian; Laraway, Hewad; Niedrig, Matthias] Robert Koch Inst, Ctr Biol Threats & Special Pathogens, Berlin, Germany. [Tang, Yuxiao] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Seattle, WA USA. [Hodgson, Abraham] Ghana Hlth Serv, Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr, Navrongo, Ghana. [Sow, Samba O.] Minist Sante, Ctr Dev Vaccins, Bamako, Mali. [Enwere, Godwin C.; Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney Voltaire, France. [Plikaytis, Brian D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kulkarni, Prasad S.] Serum Inst India Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] WHO, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Chowdhury, PR (reprint author), Robert Koch Inst, Ctr Biol Threats & Special Pathogens, Berlin, Germany. EM roy-chowdhuryp@rki.de FU Meningitis Vaccine Project from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This article appears as part of the supplement "The Meningitis Vaccine Project: The Development, Licensure, Introduction, and Impact of a New Group A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine for Africa," sponsored by the Meningitis Vaccine Project through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 5 BP S586 EP S593 DI 10.1093/cid/civ603 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CW7FF UT WOS:000365162700030 ER PT J AU Diallo, A Sow, SO Idoko, OT Hirve, S Findlow, H Preziosi, MP Elie, C Kulkarni, PS Parulekar, V Diarra, B Haidara, FC Diallo, F Tapia, M Akinsola, AK Adegbola, RA Bavdekar, A Juvekar, S Chaumont, J Martellet, L Marchetti, E LaForce, MF Plikaytis, BD Enwere, GC Tang, YX Borrow, R Carlone, G Viviani, S AF Diallo, Aldiouma Sow, Samba O. Idoko, Olubukola T. Hirve, Siddhivinayak Findlow, Helen Preziosi, Marie-Pierre Elie, Cheryl Kulkarni, Prasad S. Parulekar, Varsha Diarra, Bou Haidara, Fadima Cheick Diallo, Fatoumata Tapia, Milagritos Akinsola, Adebayo K. Adegbola, Richard A. Bavdekar, Ashish Juvekar, Sanjay Chaumont, Julie Martellet, Lionel Marchetti, Elisa LaForce, Marc F. Plikaytis, Brian D. Enwere, Godwin C. Tang, Yuxiao Borrow, Ray Carlone, George Viviani, Simonetta TI Antibody Persistence at 1 and 4 Years Following a Single Dose of MenAfriVac or Quadrivalent Polysaccharide Vaccine in Healthy Subjects Aged 2-29 Years SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE MenA conjugate vaccine; antibody persistence; African meningitis belt; India ID MENINGOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; A CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; EPIDEMIC MENINGITIS; AFRICA; IMMUNOGENICITY; SAFETY; SEROGROUP; PROJECT AB Background. Mass vaccination campaigns of the population aged 1-29 years with 1 dose of group A meningococcal (MenA) conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT, MenAfriVac) in African meningitis belt countries has resulted in the near-disappearance of MenA. The vaccine was tested in clinical trials in Africa and in India and found to be safe and highly immunogenic compared with the group A component of the licensed quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine (PsACWY). Antibody persistence in Africa and in India was investigated. Methods. A total of 900 subjects aged 2-29 years were followed up for 4 years in Senegal, Mali, and The Gambia (study A). A total of 340 subjects aged 2-10 years were followed up for 1 year in India (study B). In study A, subjects were randomized in a 2:1 ratio, and in study B a 1:1 ratio to receive either PsA-TT or PsACWY. Immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring MenA serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) with rabbit complement and by a group A-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. In both studies, substantial SBA decay was observed at 6 months postvaccination in both vaccine groups, although more marked in the PsACWY group. At 1 year and 4 years (only for study A) postvaccination, SBA titers were relatively sustained in the PsA-TT group, whereas a slight increasing trend, more pronounced among the youngest, was observed in the participants aged < 18 years in the PsACWY groups. The SBA titers were significantly higher in the PsA-TT group than in the PsACWY group at any time point, and the majority of subjects in the PsA-TT group had SBA titers a parts per thousand yen128 and group A-specific IgG concentrations a parts per thousand yen2 A mu g/mL at any point in time in both the African and Indian study populations. Conclusions. Four years after vaccination with a single dose of PsA-TT vaccine in Africa, most subjects are considered protected from MenA disease. Clinical Trials Registration. PsA-TT-003 (ISRCTN87739946); PsA-TT-003a (ISRCTN46335400). C1 [Diallo, Aldiouma; Diarra, Bou] Inst Rech Dev, Niakhar, Senegal. [Sow, Samba O.; Haidara, Fadima Cheick; Diallo, Fatoumata] Minist Sante, Ctr Dev Vaccins, Bamako, Mali. [Idoko, Olubukola T.; Akinsola, Adebayo K.] MRC Labs, Basse, Gambia. [Hirve, Siddhivinayak; Bavdekar, Ashish; Juvekar, Sanjay] Shirdi Sai Baba Hosp, Vadu King Edward Mem Hosp & Res Ctr, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Findlow, Helen; Borrow, Ray] Manchester Royal Infirm, Vaccine Evaluat Unit, Publ Hlth England, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre; Chaumont, Julie; Martellet, Lionel; Marchetti, Elisa; LaForce, Marc F.; Enwere, Godwin C.; Viviani, Simonetta] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney Voltaire, France. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] WHO, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Elie, Cheryl; Plikaytis, Brian D.; Carlone, George] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kulkarni, Prasad S.; LaForce, Marc F.] Serum Inst India Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Parulekar, Varsha] DiagnoSearch Life Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Tapia, Milagritos] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Adegbola, Richard A.] GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium. [Tang, Yuxiao] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Seattle, WA USA. [Adegbola, Richard A.] MRC, Serrekunda, Gambia. RP Viviani, S (reprint author), Via Gramsci,12 Loc Strove, I-53035 Siena, Italy. EM sviviani@hotmail.com FU Meningitis Vaccine Project (PATH) from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) FX These studies were funded by the Meningitis Vaccine Project (PATH) through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF). NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 5 BP S521 EP S530 DI 10.1093/cid/civ518 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CW7FF UT WOS:000365162700022 PM 26553684 ER PT J AU Diomande, FVK Yameogo, TM Vannice, KS Preziosi, MP Viviani, S Ouandaogo, CR Keita, M Djingarey, MH Mbakuliyemo, N Akanmori, BD Sow, SO Zuber, PLF AF Diomande, Fabien V. K. Yameogo, Tene M. Vannice, Kirsten S. Preziosi, Marie-Pierre Viviani, Simonetta Ouandaogo, Claude-Roger Keita, Modibo Djingarey, Mamoudou H. Mbakuliyemo, Nehemie Akanmori, Bartholomew Dicky Sow, Samba O. Zuber, Patrick L. F. TI Lessons Learned From Enhancing Vaccine Pharmacovigilance Activities During PsA-TT Introduction in African Countries, 2010-2013 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE group A meningococcal vaccine; PsA-TT; AEFI; pharmacovigilance systems; African meningitis belt ID EVENTS FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION; CONJUGATE VACCINE; BURKINA-FASO; SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY; SEROGROUP AB Background. The rollout of the group A meningococcal vaccine, PsA-TT, in Africa's meningitis belt countries represented the first introduction of a vaccine specifically designed for this part of the world. During the first year alone, the number of people who received the vaccine through mass vaccination campaigns was several hundredfold higher than that of subjects who participated in the closely monitored clinical trials. Implementation of a system to identify rare but potentially serious vaccine reactions was therefore a high priority in the design and implementation of those campaigns. Methods. National authorities and their technical partners set up effective vaccine pharmacovigilance systems, including conducting active surveillance projects. Results. Implementation of national expert advisory groups to review serious adverse events following immunization in all countries and active monitoring of conditions of interest in 3 early-adopter countries did not identify particular concerns with the safety profile of PsA-TT, which had already provided tremendous public health benefits. Conclusions. Lessons learned from this experience will help to improve preparations for future vaccine introductions in resource-poor settings and capitalize on such efforts to advance vaccine safety systems in the future. C1 [Diomande, Fabien V. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yameogo, Tene M.] Univ Polytech Bobo Dioulasso, Inst Super Sci Sante, Houet, Burkina Faso. [Vannice, Kirsten S.] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre; Viviani, Simonetta] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney Voltaire, France. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, Meningitis Vaccine Project, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Ouandaogo, Claude-Roger] Minist Sante, Direct Gen Pharm Medicament & Lab, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Keita, Modibo; Sow, Samba O.] Minist Sante, Ctr Dev Vaccins, Bamako, Mali. [Djingarey, Mamoudou H.; Mbakuliyemo, Nehemie] WHO, Intercountry Support Team West Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Akanmori, Bartholomew Dicky] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Emergency, Reg Off Africa, Brazzaville, Congo. [Zuber, Patrick L. F.] WHO, Dept Essential Med & Hlth Prod, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Diomande, FVK (reprint author), WHO, Intercountry Support Team West Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. EM fed2@cdc.gov FU Meningitis Vaccine Project from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This article appears as part of the supplement "The Meningitis Vaccine Project: The Development, Licensure, Introduction, and Impact of a New Group A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine for Africa," sponsored by the Meningitis Vaccine Project through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 5 BP S459 EP S466 DI 10.1093/cid/civ599 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CW7FF UT WOS:000365162700013 PM 26553675 ER PT J AU Diomande, FVK Djingarey, MH Daugla, DM Novak, RT Kristiansen, PA Collard, JM Gamougam, K Kandolo, D Mbakuliyemo, N Mayer, L Stuart, J Clark, T Tevi-Benissan, C Perea, WA Preziosi, MP LaForce, FM Caugant, D Messonnier, N Walker, O Greenwood, B AF Diomande, Fabien V. K. Djingarey, Mamoudou H. Daugla, Doumagoum M. Novak, Ryan T. Kristiansen, Paul A. Collard, Jean-Marc Gamougam, Kadidja Kandolo, Denis Mbakuliyemo, Nehemie Mayer, Leonard Stuart, James Clark, Thomas Tevi-Benissan, Carol Perea, William A. Preziosi, Marie-Pierre LaForce, F. Marc Caugant, Dominique Messonnier, Nancy Walker, Oladapo Greenwood, Brian TI Public Health Impact After the Introduction of PsA-TT: The First 4 Years SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE meningococcal group A; PsA-TT; vaccine evaluation framework; disease incidence; Africa meningitis belt ID MENINGOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; BURKINA-FASO; SEROGROUP; MENINGITIS; SURVEILLANCE; COVERAGE AB Background. During the first introduction of a group A meningococcal vaccine (PsA-TT) in 2010-2011 and its rollout from 2011 to 2013, >150 million eligible people, representing 12 hyperendemic meningitis countries, have been vaccinated. Methods. The new vaccine effectiveness evaluation framework was established by the World Health Organization and partners. Meningitis case-based surveillance was strengthened in PsA-TT first-introducer countries, and several evaluation studies were conducted to estimate the vaccination coverage and to measure the impact of vaccine introduction on meningococcal carriage and disease incidence. Results. PsA-TT implementation achieved high vaccination coverage, and results from studies conducted showed significant decrease of disease incidence as well as significant reduction of oropharyngeal carriage of group A meningococci in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, demonstrating the vaccine's ability to generate herd protection and prevent group A epidemics. Conclusions. Lessons learned from this experience provide useful insights in how to guide and better prepare for future new vaccine introductions in resource-limited settings. C1 [Diomande, Fabien V. K.; Novak, Ryan T.; Mayer, Leonard; Clark, Thomas; Messonnier, Nancy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Djingarey, Mamoudou H.; Kandolo, Denis; Mbakuliyemo, Nehemie; Walker, Oladapo] WHO, Intercountry Support Team West Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Daugla, Doumagoum M.] Ctr Support Sante Int, Ndjamena, Chad. [Kristiansen, Paul A.] WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Meningococci, Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. [Collard, Jean-Marc; Caugant, Dominique] Ctr Rech Med & Sanitaire, Niamey, Niger. [Gamougam, Kadidja] Ctr Support Sante Int, Ndjamena, Chad. [Stuart, James] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London, England. [Tevi-Benissan, Carol] WHO, Reg Off Africa, Brazzaville, Congo. [Perea, William A.] WHO, Dept Pandem & Epidem Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney Voltaire, France. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, Meningitis Vaccine Project, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [LaForce, F. Marc] Serum Inst India Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Diomande, FVK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fed2@cdc.gov RI WALKER, Olivier/B-2580-2016 OI WALKER, Olivier/0000-0001-7284-2555 FU Meningitis Vaccine Project from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) FX This article appears as part of the supplement "The Meningitis Vaccine Project: The Development, Licensure, Introduction, and Impact of a New Group A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine for Africa," sponsored by the Meningitis Vaccine Project through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF). NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 5 BP S467 EP S472 DI 10.1093/cid/civ499 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CW7FF UT WOS:000365162700014 PM 26553676 ER PT J AU Djingarey, MH Diomande, FVK Barry, R Kandolo, D Shirehwa, F Lingani, C Novak, RT Tevi-Benissan, C Perea, W Preziosi, MP LaForce, FM AF Djingarey, Mamoudou H. Diomande, Fabien V. K. Barry, Rodrigue Kandolo, Denis Shirehwa, Florence Lingani, Clement Novak, Ryan T. Tevi-Benissan, Carol Perea, William Preziosi, Marie-Pierre LaForce, F. Marc TI Introduction and Rollout of a New Group A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PsA-TT) in African Meningitis Belt Countries, 2010-2014 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE meningococcal group A; meningitis belt; Africa; PsA-TT; rollout plan ID IMMUNIZATION; SEROGROUP; COVERAGE AB Background. A group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT) was developed specifically for the African "meningitis belt" and was prequalified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in June 2010. The vaccine was first used widely in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger in December 2010 with great success. The remaining 23 meningitis belt countries wished to use this new vaccine. Methods.With the help of African countries, WHO developed a prioritization scheme and used or adapted existing immunization guidelines to mount PsA-TT vaccination campaigns. Vaccine requirements were harmonized with the Serum Institute of India, Ltd. Results.Burkina Faso was the first country to fully immunize its 1- to 29-year-old population in December 2010. Over the next 4 years, vaccine coverage was extended to 217 million Africans living in 15 meningitis belt countries. Conclusions.The new group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine was well received, with country coverage rates ranging from 85% to 95%. The rollout proceeded smoothly because countries at highest risk were immunized first while attention was paid to geographic contiguity to maximize herd protection. Community participation was exemplary. C1 [Djingarey, Mamoudou H.; Barry, Rodrigue; Kandolo, Denis; Lingani, Clement] WHO, Intercountry Support Team West Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Diomande, Fabien V. K.; Novak, Ryan T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shirehwa, Florence] WHO, Nigeria Country Off, Abuja, Nigeria. [Tevi-Benissan, Carol] WHO, Reg Off Africa, Brazzaville, Congo. [Perea, William] WHO, Dept Pandem & Epidem Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre; LaForce, F. Marc] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney Voltaire, France. [LaForce, F. Marc] Serum Inst India Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Diomande, FVK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fed2@cdc.gov FU Meningitis Vaccine Project from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This article appears as part of the supplement "The Meningitis Vaccine Project: The Development, Licensure, Introduction, and Impact of a New Group A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine for Africa," sponsored by the Meningitis Vaccine Project through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 5 BP S434 EP S441 DI 10.1093/cid/civ551 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CW7FF UT WOS:000365162700010 PM 26553672 ER PT J AU Holme, D Findlow, H Sow, SO Idoko, OT Preziosi, MP Carlone, G Plikaytis, BD Borrow, R AF Holme, Daniel Findlow, Helen Sow, Samba O. Idoko, Olubukola T. Preziosi, Marie-Pierre Carlone, George Plikaytis, Brian D. Borrow, Ray TI Neisseria meningitidis Group A IgG1 and IgG2 Subclass Immune Response in African Children Aged 12-23 Months Following Meningococcal Vaccination SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE meningococcal; vaccination; IgG subclass; Neisseria meningitidis ID C CONJUGATE VACCINATION; MEMORY B-CELLS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G IGG; SEROGROUP-C; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; IMMUNOLOGICAL HYPORESPONSIVENESS; PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE; ANTIBODY PERSISTENCE; UNITED-KINGDOM; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB Background. A group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine, PsA-TT, was licensed in 2010 and was previously studied in a phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate its safety and immunogenicity in African children 12-23 months of age. Methods. Subjects received either PsA-TT; meningococcal group A, C, W, Y polysaccharide vaccine (PsACWY); or Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (Hib-TT). Forty weeks following primary vaccination, the 3 groups were further randomized to receive either PsA-TT, one-fifth dose of PsACWY, or Hib-TT. Group A-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass response was characterized using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The predominant IgG subclass response, regardless of vaccine, was IgG1. One month following primary vaccination, the geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of IgG1 and IgG2 in the PsA-TT group were 21.73 A mu g/mL and 6.27 A mu g/mL, whereas in the PsACWY group the mean GMCs were 2.01 A mu g/mL and 0.97 A mu g/mL, respectively (P < .0001). Group A-specific IgG1 and IgG2 GMCs remained greater in the PsA-TT group than in the PsACWY group 40 weeks following primary vaccination (P < .0001). One week following revaccination, those given 2 doses of PsA-TT had the greatest IgG1 and IgG2 GMCs of 125.23 A mu g/mL and 36.12 A mu g/mL, respectively (P = .0008), and demonstrated a significant increase in IgG1:IgG2 mean ratio, indicative of the T-cell-dependent response associated with conjugate vaccines. Conclusions. Vaccination of African children aged 12-24 months with either PsA-TT or PsACWY elicited a predominantly IgG1 response. The IgG1:IgG2 mean ratio decreased following successive vaccination with PsACWY, indicating a shift toward IgG2, suggestive of the T-cell-independent immune response commonly associated with polysaccharide antigens. Clinical Trials Registration. SRCTN78147026. C1 [Holme, Daniel; Findlow, Helen; Borrow, Ray] Manchester Royal Infirm, Vaccine Evaluat Unit, Publ Hlth England, Manchester M13 9WZ, Lancs, England. [Sow, Samba O.] Minist Sante, Ctr Dev Vaccins, Bamako, Mali. [Idoko, Olubukola T.] MRC Unit, Basse, Gambia. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney Voltaire, France. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] WHO, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Carlone, George; Plikaytis, Brian D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Findlow, H (reprint author), Manchester Royal Infirm, Vaccine Evaluat Unit, Publ Hlth England, Manchester Med Microbiol Partnership, POB 209,Clin Sci Bldg, Manchester M13 9WZ, Lancs, England. EM helen.findlow@phe.gov.uk FU Meningitis Vaccine Project; World Health Organization; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This work was funded by the Meningitis Vaccine Project, a partnership between PATH and the World Health Organization (http://www.meningvax.org/), supported by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 5 BP S563 EP S569 DI 10.1093/cid/civ505 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CW7FF UT WOS:000365162700027 PM 26553689 ER PT J AU Price, GA Hollander, AM Plikaytis, BD Mocca, BT Carlone, G Findlow, H Borrow, R Sow, SO Diallo, A Idoko, OT Enwere, GC Elie, C Preziosi, MP Kulkarni, PS Bash, MC AF Price, Gregory A. Hollander, Aimee M. Plikaytis, Brian D. Mocca, Brian T. Carlone, George Findlow, Helen Borrow, Ray Sow, Samba O. Diallo, Aldiouma Idoko, Olubukola T. Enwere, Godwin C. Elie, Cheryl Preziosi, Marie-Pierre Kulkarni, Prasad S. Bash, Margaret C. TI Human Complement Bactericidal Responses to a Group A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Africans and Comparison to Responses Measured by 2 Other Group A Immunoassays SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE MenAfriVac; bactericidal activity; assay development; Neisseria meningitidis; clinical trials ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; ANTIBODY PERSISTENCE; HUMAN IMMUNITY; SERUM; SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY; CARRIAGE; DISEASE; EPIDEMIC AB Background. PsA-TT (MenAfriVac) is a conjugated polysaccharide vaccine developed to eliminate group A meningococcal disease in Africa. Vaccination of African study participants with 1 dose of PsA-TT led to the production of anti-A polysaccharide antibodies and increased serum bactericidal activity measured using rabbit complement (rSBA). Bactericidal responses measured with human complement (hSBA) are presented here. Methods. Sera collected before and at 28 days and 1 year after vaccination with either PsA-TT or quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine (PsACWY) from a random, age-distributed 360-subject subset of the Meningitis Vaccine Project study of PsA-TT in Africans aged 2-29 years were tested for hSBA. Geometric mean titer, fold-rise, and threshold analyses were compared between vaccine groups and age groups. hSBA, rSBA, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results were compared and assay correlation and agreement determined. Results. hSBA responses to PsA-TT were substantially higher than those to PsACWY at 28 days and 1 year following immunization, similar to previously reported rSBA and IgG results. The hSBA and IgG ELISA results identified differences between age groups that were not evident by rSBA. The rSBA data indicated sustained high titers 1 year after immunization, whereas hSBA GMTs at 1 year approached 4 in young children. Conclusions. The high level of protection following PsA-TT immunization campaigns is consistent with the strong hSBA immune responses observed here. Future implementation decisions will likely depend on immunologic data and their long-term correlation with disease and carriage prevention. Expanded immunologic and epidemiologic surveillance may improve the interpretation of differences between these immunoassays. C1 [Price, Gregory A.; Hollander, Aimee M.; Mocca, Brian T.; Bash, Margaret C.] US FDA, Lab Bacterial Polysaccharides, Div Bacterial Parasit & Allergen Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. [Plikaytis, Brian D.; Carlone, George; Elie, Cheryl] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Findlow, Helen; Borrow, Ray] Manchester Royal Infirm, Vaccine Evaluat Unit, Publ Hlth England, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Sow, Samba O.] Minist Sante, Ctr Dev Vaccins, Bamako, Mali. [Diallo, Aldiouma] Inst Rech Dev, Niakhar, Senegal. [Idoko, Olubukola T.] MRC Unit, Vaccines & Immun Theme, Basse, Gambia. [Enwere, Godwin C.; Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney Voltaire, France. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] WHO, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Kulkarni, Prasad S.] Serum Inst India Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Bash, MC (reprint author), US FDA, Lab Bacterial Polysaccharides, DBPAP, CBER, 10903 New Hampshire Ave,Bld 52 Rm 5212, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM margaret.bash@fda.hhs.gov FU Meningitis Vaccine Project from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This article appears as part of the supplement "The Meningitis Vaccine Project: The Development, Licensure, Introduction, and Impact of a New Group A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine for Africa," sponsored by the Meningitis Vaccine Project through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 5 BP S554 EP S562 DI 10.1093/cid/civ504 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CW7FF UT WOS:000365162700026 PM 26553688 ER PT J AU Tang, YX Plikaytis, BD Preziosi, MP Borrow, R AF Tang, Yuxiao Plikaytis, Brian D. Preziosi, Marie-Pierre Borrow, Ray TI Influence of Age on Antibody Response and Persistence Following Immunization With MenAfriVac SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE meningococcal group A conjugate vaccine; MenAfriVac; serum bactericidal antibody; age ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; IMMUNOLOGICAL HYPORESPONSIVENESS; A POLYSACCHARIDE; SEROGROUP; VACCINE AB Background. A meningococcal group A conjugate vaccine, PsA-TT (MenAfriVac), developed through the Meningitis Vaccine Project and manufactured by the Serum Institute of India, Ltd, was tested in multiple clinical trials conducted mainly in Africa. The impact of age at which subjects were vaccinated on immune response and persistence postimmunization with PsA-TT was the main focus of the current analysis. Methods. Subjects who were vaccinated with a single dose of 10 A mu g of PsA-TT at 12-23 months or 22-33 months of age in study A conducted in Mali and The Gambia; at 2-10 years, 11-17 years, or 18-29 years of age in study B conducted in Mali, The Gambia, and Senegal; and at 14-18 weeks, 9-12 months, or 12-18 months of age in study C conducted in Ghana are included in the current analysis. Immunogenicity was measured by group A serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titer with baby rabbit complement. Results. Significant differences in SBA titers were found among the age groups in studies B and C both 28 days and 1 year postimmunization. A significant difference in SBA titers between age groups 12-23 months and 22-33 months was only observed 1 year postimmunization in study A. Antibody titers remained at similar levels from 1 to 2 years postimmunization for subjects vaccinated at 12-23 months in study A and at 9-12 months or 12-18 months of age in study C. Conclusions. Subjects immunized at different ages had different postimmunization immune responses as measured by SBA titers. Toddlers tended to have higher immune responses than infants. This pattern persisted at least 1 year postimmunization. Clinical Trials Registration. ISRCTN78147026 (study A), ISRCTN87739946 (study B), and ISRCTN82484612 (study C). C1 [Tang, Yuxiao] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Plikaytis, Brian D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney Voltaire, France. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] WHO, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Borrow, Ray] Manchester Royal Infirm, Vaccine Evaluat Unit, Publ Hlth England, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Tang, YX (reprint author), PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, POB 900922, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM yuxiaotang@path.org FU Meningitis Vaccine Project (PATH) from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX The studies that are included in this article were funded by the Meningitis Vaccine Project (PATH) with a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 5 BP S531 EP S539 DI 10.1093/cid/civ601 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CW7FF UT WOS:000365162700023 PM 26553685 ER PT J AU Tapia, MD Findlow, H Idoko, OT Preziosi, MP Kulkarni, PS Enwere, GC Elie, C Parulekar, V Sow, SO Haidara, FC Diallo, F Doumbia, M Akinsola, AK Adegbola, RA Kampmann, B Chaumont, J Martellet, L Marchetti, E Viviani, S Tang, YX Plikaytis, BD LaForce, FM Carlone, G Borrow, R AF Tapia, Milagritos D. Findlow, Helen Idoko, Olubukola T. Preziosi, Marie-Pierre Kulkarni, Prasad S. Enwere, Godwin C. Elie, Cheryl Parulekar, Varsha Sow, Samba O. Haidara, Fadima Cheick Diallo, Fatoumata Doumbia, Moussa Akinsola, Adebayo K. Adegbola, Richard A. Kampmann, Beate Chaumont, Julie Martellet, Lionel Marchetti, Elisa Viviani, Simonetta Tang, Yuxiao Plikaytis, Brian D. LaForce, F. Marc Carlone, George Borrow, Ray TI Antibody Persistence 1-5 Years Following Vaccination With MenAfriVac in African Children Vaccinated at 12-23 Months of Age SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE MenAfriVac; group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine; antibody persistence; African meningitis belt ID MENINGOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; UNITED-KINGDOM AB Background. Following mass vaccination campaigns in the African meningitis belt with group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenAfriVac (PsA-TT), disease due to group A meningococci has nearly disappeared. Antibody persistence in healthy African toddlers was investigated. Methods. African children vaccinated at 12-23 months of age with PsA-TT were followed for evaluation of antibody persistence up to 5 years after primary vaccination. Antibody persistence was evaluated by measuring group A serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) with rabbit complement and by a group A-specific IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. Group A antibodies measured by SBA and ELISA were shown to decline in the year following vaccination and plateaued at levels significantly above baseline for up to 5 years following primary vaccination. Conclusions. A single dose of PsA-TT induces long-term sustained levels of group A meningococcal antibodies for up to 5 years after vaccination. Clinical Trials Registration. ISRTCN78147026. C1 [Tapia, Milagritos D.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Findlow, Helen; Borrow, Ray] Manchester Royal Infirm, Vaccine Evaluat Unit, Publ Hlth England, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Idoko, Olubukola T.; Akinsola, Adebayo K.; Adegbola, Richard A.; Kampmann, Beate] MRC Unit, Vaccines & Immun Theme, Basse, Gambia. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre; Enwere, Godwin C.; Chaumont, Julie; Martellet, Lionel; Marchetti, Elisa; Viviani, Simonetta; LaForce, F. Marc] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney Voltaire, France. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] WHO, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Kulkarni, Prasad S.; LaForce, F. Marc] Serum Inst India Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Elie, Cheryl; Plikaytis, Brian D.; Carlone, George] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Parulekar, Varsha] DiagnoSearch Life Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Sow, Samba O.; Haidara, Fadima Cheick; Diallo, Fatoumata] Minist Sante, Ctr Dev Vaccins, Bamako, Mali. [Adegbola, Richard A.] GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium. [Tang, Yuxiao] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Seattle, WA USA. RP Tapia, MD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Sch Med, 685 W Baltimore St,Rm 480, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM mtapia@medicine.umaryland.edu OI Kampmann, Beate/0000-0002-6546-4709 FU Meningitis Vaccine Project (PATH) from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This work was supported by the Meningitis Vaccine Project (PATH), with a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 5 BP S514 EP S520 DI 10.1093/cid/civ672 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CW7FF UT WOS:000365162700021 PM 26553683 ER PT J AU Tapia, MD Sow, SO Haidara, FC Diallo, F Doumbia, M Enwere, GC Paranjape, G Herve, J Bouma, E Parulekar, V Martellet, L Chaumont, J Plikaytis, BD Tang, YX Kulkarni, PS Hartmann, K Preziosi, MP AF Tapia, Milagritos D. Sow, Samba O. Haidara, Fadima Cheick Diallo, Fatoumata Doumbia, Moussa Enwere, Godwin C. Paranjape, Gandhali Herve, Jacques Bouma, Enricke Parulekar, Varsha Martellet, Lionel Chaumont, Julie Plikaytis, Brian D. Tang, Yuxiao Kulkarni, Prasad S. Hartmann, Katharina Preziosi, Marie-Pierre TI A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized, Active Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety of MenAfriVac in Healthy Malians SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE MenAfriVac; vaccine safety; randomized clinical trial; active control; Africa ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Background. A safe, affordable, and highly immunogenic meningococcal A conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT, MenAfriVac) was developed to control epidemic group A meningitis in Africa. Documentation of the safety specifications of the PsA-TT vaccine was warranted, with sufficient exposure to detect potential rare vaccine-related adverse reactions. Methods. This phase 3, double-blind, randomized, active controlled clinical study was designed to evaluate the safety-primarily vaccine-related serious adverse events (SAEs)-up to 3 months after administration of a single dose of the PsA-TT vaccine to subjects aged 1-29 years in Mali. Safety outcomes were also compared to those following a single dose of a licensed meningococcal ACWY polysaccharide vaccine (PsACWY). Results. No vaccine-related SAEs occurred during the 3 months of follow-up of 4004 subjects vaccinated with a single dose of PsA-TT. When compared to PsACWY (1996 subjects), tenderness at the injection site appeared to be more frequent in the PsA-TT group. However, rates of local induration, systemic reactions, adverse events (AEs), and SAEs were similar in both groups, and unsolicited AEs and SAEs were all unrelated to the study vaccines. Conclusions. The study confirmed on a large scale the excellent safety profile of a single dose of PsA-TT when administered to its entire target population of 1-29 years of age. Clinical Trials Registration. PACTR ATMR201003000191317. C1 [Tapia, Milagritos D.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Sow, Samba O.; Haidara, Fadima Cheick; Diallo, Fatoumata; Doumbia, Moussa] Minist Sante, Ctr Dev Vaccins, Bamako, Mali. [Enwere, Godwin C.; Herve, Jacques; Martellet, Lionel; Chaumont, Julie; Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney Voltaire, France. [Paranjape, Gandhali; Parulekar, Varsha] DiagnoSearch Life Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Plikaytis, Brian D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tang, Yuxiao] PATH, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Seattle, WA USA. [Kulkarni, Prasad S.] Serum Inst India Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Hartmann, Katharina] ETH, Dept Pharmacovigilance & Pharmacoepidemiol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Preziosi, Marie-Pierre] WHO, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Sow, SO (reprint author), Minist Sante, Ctr Dev Vaccins CVD Mali, Ctr Natl Appui Lutte Malad CNAM, BP 251, Bamako, Mali. EM ssow@medicine.umaryland.edu FU Meningitis Vaccine Project (PATH); Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Meningitis Vaccine Project (PATH) from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This work was supported by the Meningitis Vaccine Project (PATH) with a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 5 BP S507 EP S513 DI 10.1093/cid/civ626 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CW7FF UT WOS:000365162700020 PM 26553682 ER PT J AU Vannice, KS Keita, M Sow, SO Durbin, AP Omer, SB Moulton, LH Yameogo, TM Zuber, PLF Onwuchekwa, U Sacko, M Diomande, FVK Halsey, NA AF Vannice, Kirsten S. Keita, Modibo Sow, Samba O. Durbin, Anna P. Omer, Saad B. Moulton, Lawrence H. Yameogo, Tene M. Zuber, Patrick L. F. Onwuchekwa, Uma Sacko, Massambou Diomande, Fabien V. K. Halsey, Neal A. TI Active Surveillance for Adverse Events After a Mass Vaccination Campaign With a Group A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PsA-TT) in Mali SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE vaccine safety; PsA-TT; MenAfriVac; meningitis belt; meningococcal vaccine ID SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; COUNTRIES AB Background. The monovalent meningococcal A conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT, MenAfriVac) was developed for use in the "meningitis belt" of sub-Saharan Africa. Mali was 1 of 3 countries selected for early introduction. As this is a new vaccine, postlicensure surveillance is particularly important to identify and characterize possible safety issues. Methods. The national vaccination campaign was phased from September 2010 to November 2011. We conducted postlicensure safety surveillance for PsA-TT in 40 government clinics from southern Mali serving approximately 400 000 people 1-29 years of age. We conducted analyses with individual-level data and population-level data, and we calculated rates of adverse events using the conditional exact test, a modified vaccine cohort risk interval method, and a modified self-controlled case series method for each outcome of interest, including 18 prespecified adverse events and 18 syndromic categories. Results. An increased rate of clinic visits for fever within 3 days after vaccination was found using multiple methods for all age groups. Although other signals were found with some methods, complete assessment of all other prespecified outcomes and syndromic categories did not reveal that PsA-TT was consistently associated with any other health problem. Conclusions. No new safety concerns were identified in this study. These results are consistent with prelicensure data and other studies indicating that PsA-TT is safe. The approach presented could serve as a model for future active postlicensure vaccine safety monitoring associated with large-scale immunization campaigns in low-income countries. C1 [Vannice, Kirsten S.; Durbin, Anna P.; Moulton, Lawrence H.; Halsey, Neal A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Keita, Modibo; Sow, Samba O.; Onwuchekwa, Uma] Minist Sante, Ctr Dev Vaccins, Bamako, Mali. [Omer, Saad B.] Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Omer, Saad B.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Yameogo, Tene M.] Univ Polytech Bobo Dioulasso, Inst Super Sci Sante, Houet, Burkina Faso. [Zuber, Patrick L. F.] WHO, Dept Essential Med & Hlth Prod, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Sacko, Massambou] WHO, Mali Country Off, Bamako, Mali. [Diomande, Fabien V. K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Halsey, NA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM nhalsey1@jhu.edu FU WHO; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health FX Funding for the study in Mali was provided by the WHO and independent funds from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 61 SU 5 BP S493 EP S500 DI 10.1093/cid/civ497 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CW7FF UT WOS:000365162700018 PM 26553680 ER PT J AU Lagare, A Mainassara, HB Issaka, B Sidiki, A Tempia, S AF Lagare, Adamou Mainassara, Halima Boubacar Issaka, Bassira Sidiki, Ali Tempia, Stefano TI Viral and bacterial etiology of severe acute respiratory illness among children < 5 years of age without influenza in Niger SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Niger; Severe acute respiratory illness; Virus; Bacteria; Etiology ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; TRACT INFECTIONS; HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; VIRUSES; COINFECTIONS; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFANTS AB Background: Globally, pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, with the highest burden experienced in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. However, there is a dearth of information on the etiology of severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in Africa, including Niger. Methods: We implemented a retrospective study as part of national influenza sentinel surveillance in Niger. We randomly selected a sample of nasopharyngeal specimens collected from children <5 years of age hospitalized with SARI from January 2010 through December 2012 in Niger. The samples were selected from individuals that tested negative by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for influenza A and B virus. The samples were analyzed using the Fast Track Diagnostic Respiratory Pathogens 21plus Kit (BioMerieux, Luxemburg), which detects 23 respiratory pathogens including 18 viral and 5 bacterial agents. Results: Among the 160 samples tested, 138 (86 %) tested positive for at least one viral or bacterial pathogen; in 22 (16 %) sample, only one pathogen was detected. We detected at least one respiratory virus in 126 (78 %) samples and at least one bacterium in 102 (64 %) samples. Respiratory syncytial virus (56/160; 35 %), rhinovirus (47/160; 29 %) and parainfluenza virus (39/160; 24 %) were the most common viral pathogens detected. Among bacterial pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae (90/160; 56 %) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (20/160; 12 %) predominated. Conclusions: The high prevalence of certain viral and bacterial pathogens among children <5 years of age with SARI highlights the need for continued and expanded surveillance in Niger. C1 [Lagare, Adamou; Mainassara, Halima Boubacar; Issaka, Bassira; Sidiki, Ali] Ctr Rech Med & Sanitaire CERMES, Niamey, Niger. [Tempia, Stefano] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tempia, Stefano] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Program, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Lagare, A (reprint author), Ctr Rech Med & Sanitaire CERMES, 634 Bld Nation,BP 10887YN034, Niamey, Niger. EM adamsyn03@gmail.com FU National Ministry of Public Health FX We are thankful to the National Ministry of Public Health for financing this study and our partners: the Pasteur Institute of Paris, the World Health Organization, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for providing reagents, the rRT-PCR machine and technical supports for influenza surveillance in Niger. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD NOV 14 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 515 DI 10.1186/s12879-015-1251-y PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CW8ZB UT WOS:000365286900001 PM 26567015 ER PT J AU Muniz, CP Jia, HW Shankar, A Troncoso, LL Augusto, AM Farias, E Pissinatti, A Fedullo, LP Santos, AF Soares, MA Switzer, WM AF Muniz, Claudia P. Jia, Hongwei Shankar, Anupama Troncoso, Lian L. Augusto, Anderson M. Farias, Elisabete Pissinatti, Alcides Fedullo, Luiz P. Santos, Andre F. Soares, Marcelo A. Switzer, William M. TI An expanded search for simian foamy viruses (SFV) in Brazilian New World primates identifies novel SFV lineages and host age-related infections SO RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neotropical; Nonhuman primates; Simian foamy virus; Co-evolution; Brazil; Prevalence; Epidemiology; Zoonoses ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; MONKEYS; RETROVIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; GENOME AB Background: While simian foamy viruses have co-evolved with their primate hosts for millennia, most scientific studies have focused on understanding infection in Old World primates with little knowledge available on the epidemiology and natural history of SFV infection in New World primates (NWPs). To better understand the geographic and species distribution and evolutionary history of SFV in NWPs we extend our previous studies in Brazil by screening 15 genera consisting of 29 NWP species (140 monkeys total), including five genera (Brachyteles, Cacajao, Callimico, Mico, and Pithecia) not previously analyzed. Monkey blood specimens were tested using a combination of both serology and PCR to more accurately estimate prevalence and investigate transmission patterns. Sequences were phylogenetically analyzed to infer SFV and host evolutionary histories. Results: The overall serologic and molecular prevalences were 42.8 and 33.6 %, respectively, with a combined assay prevalence of 55.8 %. Discordant serology and PCR results were observed for 28.5 % of the samples, indicating that both methods are currently necessary for estimating NWP SFV prevalence. SFV prevalence in sexually mature NWPs with a positive result in any of the WB or PCR assays was 51/107 (47.7 %) compared to 20/33 (61 %) for immature animals. Epidemiological analyses revealed an increase in SFV prevalence with age in captive Cebus monkeys. Phylogenetic analysis identified novel SFVs in Cacajao, Leontopithecus, and Chiropotes species that had 6-37 % nucleotide divergence to other NWP SFV. Comparison of host and SFV phylogenies showed an overall cospeciation evolutionary history with rare ancient and contemporaneous host-switching for Saimiri and Leontopithecus and Cebus xanthosternos, respectively. Conclusions: We identified novel SFV in four neotropical monkey genera in Brazil and demonstrate that SFV prevalence increases with age in Cebus monkeys. Importantly, our test results suggest that both molecular and serological screening are currently required to accurately determine infection with NWP SFV. Our study significantly expands knowledge of the epidemiology and natural history of NWP SFVs. The tools and information provided in our study will facilitate further investigation of SFV in NWPs and the potential for zoonotic infection with these viruses. C1 [Muniz, Claudia P.; Troncoso, Lian L.; Farias, Elisabete; Santos, Andre F.; Soares, Marcelo A.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Muniz, Claudia P.; Jia, Hongwei; Shankar, Anupama; Switzer, William M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Augusto, Anderson M.; Fedullo, Luiz P.] Fundacao RIOZOO, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Pissinatti, Alcides] Ctr Primatol Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Soares, Marcelo A.] Inst Nacl Canc, Programa Genet, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Switzer, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G45, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM bis3@cdc.gov RI Santos, Andre/I-5734-2016 FU Brazilian Research Council (CNPq) [480529/2013-2]; Rio de Janeiro State Science Foundation grant [E-26/103.059/2011]; CDC; Brazilian Ministry of Education (CAPES) [99999011634/2013-08] FX This work was supported by the Brazilian Research Council (CNPq) # 480529/2013-2 to AFS, by the Rio de Janeiro State Science Foundation grant # E-26/103.059/2011 to MAS, and by CDC intramural funding. CPM was recipient of a fellowship by the Brazilian Ministry of Education (CAPES) # 99999011634/2013-08 to spend 1 year at the CDC. This work is part of the requirements for the PhD Thesis of CPM at the Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or any of the authors' affiliated institutions. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4690 J9 RETROVIROLOGY JI Retrovirology PD NOV 14 PY 2015 VL 12 AR 94 DI 10.1186/s12977-015-0217-x PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA CW1WC UT WOS:000364781600001 PM 26576961 ER PT J AU Jamal, A Homa, DM O'Connor, E Babb, SD Caraballo, RS Singh, T Hu, SS King, BA AF Jamal, Ahmed Homa, David M. O'Connor, Erin Babb, Stephen D. Caraballo, Ralph S. Singh, Tushar Hu, S. Sean King, Brian A. TI Current cigarette smoking Among Adults - United States, 2005-2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH; QUIT C1 [Jamal, Ahmed; Homa, David M.; O'Connor, Erin; Babb, Stephen D.; Caraballo, Ralph S.; Singh, Tushar; Hu, S. Sean; King, Brian A.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jamal, A (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ajamal@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 10 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 13 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 44 BP 1233 EP 1240 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW8JO UT WOS:000365245900002 PM 26562061 ER PT J AU Bowen, V Su, J Torrone, E Kidd, S Weinstock, H AF Bowen, Virginia Su, John Torrone, Elizabeth Kidd, Sarah Weinstock, Hillard TI Increase in Incidence of Congenital Syphilis - United States, 2012-2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Editorial Material ID OPPORTUNITIES C1 [Bowen, Virginia] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bowen, Virginia; Torrone, Elizabeth; Kidd, Sarah; Weinstock, Hillard] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Su, John] CDC, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bowen, V (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vbowen@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 13 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 44 BP 1241 EP 1245 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW8JO UT WOS:000365245900003 PM 26562206 ER PT J AU Perry, RT Murray, JS Gacic-Dobo, M Dabbagh, A Mulders, MN Strebel, PM Okwo-Bele, JM Rota, PA Goodson, JL AF Perry, Robert T. Murray, Jillian S. Gacic-Dobo, Marta Dabbagh, Alya Mulders, Mick N. Strebel, Peter M. Okwo-Bele, Jean-Marie Rota, Paul A. Goodson, James L. TI Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination - Worldwide, 2000-2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rota, Paul A.] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Goodson, James L.] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Goodson, JL (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jgoodson@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 13 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 44 BP 1246 EP 1251 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW8JO UT WOS:000365245900004 PM 26562349 ER PT J AU Subaiya, S Dumolard, L Lydon, P Gacic-Dobo, M Eggers, R Conklin, L AF Subaiya, Saleena Dumolard, Laure Lydon, Patrick Gacic-Dobo, Marta Eggers, Rudolf Conklin, Laura TI Global Routine Vaccination Coverage, 2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Subaiya, Saleena; Conklin, Laura] CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Subaiya, Saleena] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Subaiya, S (reprint author), CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yzv3@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 13 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 44 BP 1252 EP 1255 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW8JO UT WOS:000365245900005 PM 26562454 ER PT J AU Kamiya, H MacNeil, J Blain, A Patel, M Martin, S Weiss, D Ngai, S Ezeoke, I Mascola, L Civen, R Van Ngo Black, S Kemble, S Chugh, R Murphy, E Petit, C Harriman, K Winter, K Beron, A Clegg, W Conover, C Misegades, L AF Kamiya, Hajime MacNeil, Jessica Blain, Amy Patel, Manisha Martin, Stacey Weiss, Don Ngai, Stephanie Ezeoke, Ifeoma Mascola, Laurene Civen, Rachel Van Ngo Black, Stephanie Kemble, Sarah Chugh, Rashmi Murphy, Elizabeth Petit, Colette Harriman, Kathleen Winter, Kathleen Beron, Andrew Clegg, Whitney Conover, Craig Misegades, Lara TI Meningococcal Disease Among Men Who Have Sex with Men - United States, January 2012-June 2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Kamiya, Hajime] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [MacNeil, Jessica; Blain, Amy; Patel, Manisha; Martin, Stacey; Misegades, Lara] CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Weiss, Don; Ngai, Stephanie; Ezeoke, Ifeoma] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Mascola, Laurene; Civen, Rachel; Van Ngo] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Black, Stephanie; Kemble, Sarah] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Chugh, Rashmi; Murphy, Elizabeth; Petit, Colette] DuPage Cty Hlth Dept, Wheaton, IL USA. [Harriman, Kathleen; Winter, Kathleen] Calif Dept Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Beron, Andrew; Clegg, Whitney; Conover, Craig] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. RP MacNeil, J (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmacneil@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 13 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 44 BP 1256 EP 1257 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW8JO UT WOS:000365245900006 PM 26562570 ER PT J AU Williams, HA Gaines, J Patrick, M Berendes, D Fitter, D Handzel, T AF Williams, Holly Ann Gaines, Joanna Patrick, Molly Berendes, David Fitter, David Handzel, Thomas TI Perceptions of Health Communication, Water Treatment and Sanitation in Artibonite Department, Haiti, March-April 2012 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RURAL POOR; CHOLERA; INTERVENTIONS; COUNTRIES; EPIDEMIC; MODEL; CARE AB The international response to Haiti's ongoing cholera outbreak has been multifaceted, including health education efforts by community health workers and the distribution of free water treatment products. Artibonite Department was the first region affected by the outbreak. Numerous organizations have been involved in cholera response efforts in Haiti with many focusing on efforts to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Multiple types of water treatment products have been distributed, creating the potential for confusion over correct dosage and water treatment methods. We utilized qualitative methods in Artibonite to determine the population's response to WASH messages, use and acceptability of water treatment products, and water treatment and sanitation knowledge, attitudes and practices at the household level. We conducted eighteen focus group discussions (FGDs): 17 FGDs were held with community members (nine among females, eight among males); one FGD was held with community health workers. Health messages related to WASH were well-retained, with reported improvements in hand-washing. Community health workers were identified as valued sources of health information. Most participants noted a paucity of water-treatment products. Sanitation, specifically the construction of latrines, was the most commonly identified need. Lack of funds was the primary reason given for not constructing a latrine. The construction and maintenance of potable water and sanitation services is needed to ensure a sustainable change. C1 [Williams, Holly Ann; Patrick, Molly; Berendes, David; Fitter, David; Handzel, Thomas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Recovery Branch, Div Global Hlth Protect, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gaines, Joanna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Travelers Hlth Branch, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Williams, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Recovery Branch, Div Global Hlth Protect, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. EM hbw2@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 12 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0142778 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0142778 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV7UL UT WOS:000364480900064 PM 26562658 ER PT J AU Brinks, R Bardenheier, BH Hoyer, A Lin, J Landwehr, S Gregg, EW AF Brinks, Ralph Bardenheier, Barbara H. Hoyer, Annika Lin, Ji Landwehr, Sandra Gregg, Edward W. TI Development and demonstration of a state model for the estimation of incidence of partly undetected chronic diseases SO BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Compartment model; Incidence; Prevalence; Diabetes; Chronic disease; Undiagnosed disease; Case finding; Screening; Health and Retirement Study ID AGE-SPECIFIC INCIDENCE; PREVALENCE; REMISSION; ADULTS; DIAGNOSIS; MORTALITY; DEMENTIA; GERMANY; EUROPE; SCREEN AB Background: Estimation of incidence of the state of undiagnosed chronic disease provides a crucial missing link for the monitoring of chronic disease epidemics and determining the degree to which changes in prevalence are affected or biased by detection. Methods: We developed a four-part compartment model for undiagnosed cases of irreversible chronic diseases with a preclinical state that precedes the diagnosis. Applicability of the model is tested in a simulation study of a hypothetical chronic disease and using diabetes data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Results: A two dimensional system of partial differential equations forms the basis for estimating incidence of the undiagnosed and diagnosed disease states from the prevalence of the associated states. In the simulation study we reach very good agreement between the estimates and the true values. Application to the HRS data demonstrates practical relevance of the methods. Discussion: We have demonstrated the applicability of the modeling framework in a simulation study and in the analysis of the Health and Retirement Study. The model provides insight into the epidemiology of undiagnosed chronic diseases. C1 [Brinks, Ralph; Hoyer, Annika] German Diabet Ctr, Inst Epidemiol & Biometry, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Bardenheier, Barbara H.; Lin, Ji; Gregg, Edward W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Landwehr, Sandra] Univ Hosp, Dept Med Stat, Dusseldorf, Germany. RP Brinks, R (reprint author), German Diabet Ctr, Inst Epidemiol & Biometry, Aufm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. EM Ralph.Brinks@ddz.uni-duesseldorf.de NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2288 J9 BMC MED RES METHODOL JI BMC Med. Res. Methodol. PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 98 DI 10.1186/s12874-015-0094-y PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA CV8MM UT WOS:000364542000001 PM 26560517 ER PT J AU Archer, NP Bradford, CM Villanacci, JF Crain, NE Corsi, RL Chambers, DM Burk, T Blount, BC AF Archer, Natalie P. Bradford, Carrie M. Villanacci, John F. Crain, Neil E. Corsi, Richard L. Chambers, David M. Burk, Tonia Blount, Benjamin C. TI Relationship between vapor intrusion and human exposure to trichloroethylene SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Groundwater plume; indoor air exposure; soil gas exposure; trichloroethylene; vapor intrusion; volatile organic compounds ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; DRINKING-WATER; BUTYL ETHER; INDOOR AIR; CHEMICALS; BLOOD; QUANTIFICATION; PICOGRAM; MODEL AB Trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater has the potential to volatilize through soil into indoor air where it can be inhaled. The purpose of this study was to determine whether individuals living above TCE-contaminated groundwater are exposed to TCE through vapor intrusion. We examined associations between TCE concentrations in various environmental media and TCE concentrations in residents. For this assessment, indoor air, outdoor air, soil gas, and tap water samples were collected in and around 36 randomly selected homes; blood samples were collected from 63 residents of these homes. Additionally, a completed exposure survey was collected from each participant. Environmental and blood samples were analyzed for TCE. Mixed model multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine associations between TCE in residents' blood and TCE in indoor air, outdoor air, and soil gas. Blood TCE concentrations were above the limit of quantitation (LOQ; 0.012 mu g L-1) in 17.5% of the blood samples. Of the 36 homes, 54.3%, 47.2%, and >84% had detectable concentrations of TCE in indoor air, outdoor air, and soil gas, respectively. Both indoor air and soil gas concentrations were statistically significantly positively associated with participants' blood concentrations (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.04, respectively). Geometric mean blood concentrations of residents from homes with indoor air concentrations of >1.6 mu g m(-3) were approximately 50times higher than geometric mean blood TCE concentrations in participants from homes with no detectable TCE in indoor air (P < .0001; 95% CI 10.4-236.4). This study confirms the occurrence of vapor intrusion and demonstrates the magnitude of exposure from vapor intrusion of TCE in a residential setting. C1 [Archer, Natalie P.; Bradford, Carrie M.; Villanacci, John F.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Environm Epidemiol & Dis Registries Sect, Austin, TX 78714 USA. [Crain, Neil E.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Corsi, Richard L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Chambers, David M.; Blount, Benjamin C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Burk, Tonia] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Community Hlth Invest, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Archer, NP (reprint author), Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Environm Epidemiol & Dis Registries Sect, POB 149347,MC 1964, Austin, TX 78714 USA. EM natalie.archer@dshs.state.tx.us FU Texas Environmental Health Institute (TEHI); ATSDR FX Funding for this investigation was provided by the Texas Environmental Health Institute (TEHI) and ATSDR. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 EI 1532-4117 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PD NOV 10 PY 2015 VL 50 IS 13 BP 1360 EP 1368 DI 10.1080/10934529.2015.1064275 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR1YW UT WOS:000361122300007 PM 26259926 ER PT J AU Cui, WJ Kobau, R Zack, MM Helmers, S Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Cui, Wanjun Kobau, Rosemarie Zack, Matthew M. Helmers, Sandra Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn TI Seizures in Children and Adolescents Aged 6-17 Years - United States, 2010-2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Cui, Wanjun; Kobau, Rosemarie; Zack, Matthew M.; Helmers, Sandra] CDC, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cui, WJ (reprint author), CDC, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wtd9@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 6 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 43 BP 1209 EP 1214 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA5CQ UT WOS:000367820100001 PM 26540283 ER PT J AU Deputy, NP Sharma, AJ Kim, SY AF Deputy, Nicholas P. Sharma, Andrea J. Kim, Shin Y. TI Gestational Weight Gain - United States, 2012 and 2013 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Deputy, Nicholas P.; Sharma, Andrea J.; Kim, Shin Y.] CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Deputy, Nicholas P.] Emory Univ, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Laney Grad Sch, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Deputy, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ Fellowship, Washington, DC USA. RP Sharma, AJ (reprint author), CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ajsharma@cdc.gov OI Sharma, Andrea/0000-0003-0385-0011 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK007734] NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 6 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 43 BP 1215 EP 1220 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA5CQ UT WOS:000367820100002 PM 26540367 ER PT J AU Crowe, SJ Mahon, BE Vieira, AR Gould, LH AF Crowe, Samuel J. Mahon, Barbara E. Vieira, Antonio R. Gould, L. Hannah TI Vital Signs: Multistate Foodborne Outbreaks - United States, 2010-2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article AB Introduction: Millions of U.S. residents become ill from foodborne pathogens each year. Most foodborne outbreaks occur among small groups of persons in a localized area. However, because many foods are distributed widely and rapidly, and because detection methods have improved, outbreaks that occur in multiple states and that even span the entire country are being recognized with increasing frequency. Methods: This report analyzes data from CDC's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System to describe multistate foodborne outbreaks that occurred in the United States during 2010-2014. Results: During this 5-year period, 120 multistate foodborne disease outbreaks (with identified pathogen and food or common setting) were reported to CDC. These multistate outbreaks accounted for 3% (120 of 4,163) of all reported foodborne outbreaks, but were responsible for 11% (7,929 of 71,747) of illnesses, 34% (1,460 of 4,247) of hospitalizations, and 56% (66 of 118) of deaths associated with foodborne outbreaks. Salmonella (63 outbreaks), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (34), and Listeria monocytogenes (12) were the leading pathogens. Fruits (17), vegetable row crops (15), beef (13), sprouts (10), and seeded vegetables (nine) were the most commonly implicated foods. Traceback investigations to identify the food origin were conducted for 87 outbreaks, of which 55 led to a product recall. Imported foods were linked to 18 multistate outbreaks. Conclusions: Multistate foodborne disease outbreaks account for a disproportionate number of outbreak-associated illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths relative to their occurrence. Working together, food industries and public health departments and agencies can develop and implement more effective ways to identify and to trace contaminated foods linked to multistate outbreaks. Lessons learned during outbreak investigations can help improve food safety practices and regulations, and might prevent future outbreaks. C1 [Crowe, Samuel J.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Crowe, Samuel J.; Mahon, Barbara E.; Vieira, Antonio R.; Gould, L. Hannah] CDC, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crowe, SJ (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sjcrowe@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 6 PY 2015 VL 64 IS 43 BP 1221 EP 1225 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA5CQ UT WOS:000367820100003 PM 26540483 ER PT J AU Johnson, LEA Muir-Paulik, SA Kennedy, P Lindstrom, S Balish, A Aden, T Moen, AC AF Johnson, Lucinda E. A. Muir-Paulik, Sarah A. Kennedy, Pam Lindstrom, Steven Balish, Amanda Aden, Tricia Moen, Ann C. TI Capacity building in national influenza laboratories - use of laboratory assessments to drive progress SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Laboratories; Capacity building; Surveillance; IHR; Global health ID PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; SYSTEMS; SURVEILLANCE; CHALLENGES; SETTINGS; SERVICES; NETWORK; AFRICA AB Background: Laboratory testing is a fundamental component of influenza surveillance for detecting novel strains with pandemic potential and informing biannual vaccine strain selection. The United States (U.S.) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), under the auspices of its WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, is one of the major public health agencies which provides support globally to build national capacity for influenza surveillance. Our main objective was to determine if laboratory assessments supported capacity building efforts for improved global influenza surveillance. Methods: In 2010, 35 national influenza laboratories were assessed in 34 countries, using a standardized tool. Post-assessment, each laboratory received a report with a list of recommendations for improvement. Uptake of recommendations were reviewed 3.2 mean years after the initial assessments and categorized as complete, in-progress, no action or no update. This was a retrospective study; follow-up took place through routine project management rather than at a set time-point post-assessment. WHO data on National Influenza Centre (NIC) designation, External Quality Assessment Project (EQAP) participation and FluNet reporting was used to measure laboratory capacity longitudinally and independently of the assessments. All data was further stratified by World Bank country income category. Results: At follow-up, 81 % of 614 recommendations were either complete (350) or in-progress (145) for 32 laboratories (91 % response rate). The number of countries reporting to FluNet and the number of specimens they reported annually increased between 2005, when they were first funded by CDC, and 2010, the assessment year (p < 0.01). Improvements were also seen in EQAP participation and NIC designation over time and more so for low and lower-middle income countries. Conclusions: Assessments using a standardized tool have been beneficial to improving laboratory-based influenza surveillance. Specific recommendations helped countries identify and prioritize areas for improvement. Data from assessments helped CDC focus its technical assistance by country and region. Low and lower-middle income countries made greater improvements in their laboratories compared with upper-middle income countries. Future research could include an analysis of annual funding and technical assistance by country. Our approach serves as an example for capacity building for other diseases. C1 [Johnson, Lucinda E. A.; Lindstrom, Steven; Balish, Amanda; Moen, Ann C.] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Muir-Paulik, Sarah A.] Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kennedy, Pam] McKing Consulting Corp, Fairfax, VA USA. [Aden, Tricia] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Moen, AC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alc3@cdc.gov FU federal program; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U60HM000803] FX This project was partially funded with federal funds from a federal program of $889,000.; This publication was supported by Cooperative Agreement # U60HM000803 funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of CDC or the Department of Health and Human Services. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (IP) Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (OSELS) National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STDs and TB Prevention (PS) National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases (CK) National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) Coordination Office for Terrorism Preparedness and Emergency Response (CTPER) The authors would like to thank the laboratory assessors from CDC and APHL for their continued support and expertise in ensuring the success of the laboratory assessments. Also, the project officers in the Extramural Program Team of CDC's Influenza Division for their contribution to the completion of the assessments. Thank you to the Global Influenza Program team at WHO for sharing information on the participation of laboratories in the influenza EQAP. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD NOV 6 PY 2015 VL 15 AR 501 DI 10.1186/s12879-015-1232-1 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CV6HZ UT WOS:000364372600001 PM 26546333 ER PT J AU Lo, LM Tsai, CSJ Dunn, KH Hammond, D Marlow, D Topmiller, J Ellenbecker, M AF Lo, Li-Ming Tsai, Candace S. -J. Dunn, Kevin H. Hammond, Duane Marlow, David Topmiller, Jennifer Ellenbecker, Michael TI Performance of particulate containment at nanotechnology workplaces SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Engineering controls; Local exhaust ventilation; Emission mitigation; Nanomaterial manufacturing; Control evaluation; Carbon nanotubes (CNT); Environmental, health and safety (EHS) ID AIRBORNE NANOPARTICLE EXPOSURES; FILTRATION EFFICIENCY; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOSTRUCTURED PARTICLES; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; INHALATION EXPOSURE; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; FUME HOODS; NANOCOMPOSITES AB The evaluation of engineering controls for the production or use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was investigated at two facilities. These control assessments are necessary to evaluate the current status of control performance and to develop proper control strategies for these workplaces. The control systems evaluated in these studies included ventilated enclosures, exterior hoods, and exhaust filtration systems. Activity-based monitoring with direct-reading instruments and filter sampling for microscopy analysis were used to evaluate the effectiveness of control measures at study sites. Our study results showed that weighing CNTs inside the biological safety cabinet can have a 37 % reduction on the particle concentration in the worker's breathing zone, and produce a 42 % lower area concentration outside the enclosure. The ventilated enclosures used to reduce fugitive emissions from the production furnaces exhibited good containment characteristics when closed, but they failed to contain emissions effectively when opened during product removal/harvesting. The exhaust filtration systems employed for exhausting these ventilated enclosures did not provide promised collection efficiencies for removing engineered nanomaterials from furnace exhaust. The exterior hoods were found to be a challenge for controlling emissions from machining nanocomposites: the downdraft hood effectively contained and removed particles released from the manual cutting process, but using the canopy hood for powered cutting of nanocomposites created 15-20 % higher ultrafine (<500 nm) particle concentrations at the source and at the worker's breathing zone. The microscopy analysis showed that CNTs can only be found at production sources but not at the worker breathing zones during the tasks monitored. C1 [Lo, Li-Ming; Dunn, Kevin H.; Hammond, Duane; Marlow, David; Topmiller, Jennifer] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Tsai, Candace S. -J.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ellenbecker, Michael] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Lo, LM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM LLo@cdc.gov FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health under the Nanotechnology Research Center Project [927ZJLR] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support and cooperation from the management and staff of the study sites. The authors wish to thank Daniel Almaguer, Isaac Bartholomew, and Chun-Chia Huang for their assistance with field study and data analysis. The authors are also grateful to Kevin L. Dunn, Catherine Beaucham, Appavoo Rengasamy, Cathy Rotunda, Ellen Galloway, and Michael Gressel for their insightful comments and suggestions on the early version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health under the Nanotechnology Research Center Project 927ZJLR. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD NOV 5 PY 2015 VL 17 IS 11 AR 435 DI 10.1007/s11051-015-3238-4 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DD7ZP UT WOS:000370143800003 ER PT J AU Abrams, S Beltran-Aguilar, E Martinez-Mier, EA Kumar, J Slade, GD Gooch, B AF Abrams, Stephen Beltran-Aguilar, Eugenio Martinez-Mier, E. Angeles Kumar, Jayanth Slade, Gary D. Gooch, Barbara TI Water Fluoridation: Safety, Effectiveness and Value in Oral Health: A Symposium at the 2014 Annual Meeting of the American and Canadian Associations for Dental Research (November, pg , 2015) SO JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Correction C1 [Abrams, Stephen] Quantum Dent Technol, Kansas City, MO 64119 USA. [Beltran-Aguilar, Eugenio] Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martinez-Mier, E. Angeles] Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Cariol Operat Dent & Dent Publ Hlth, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Kumar, Jayanth] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Chron Dis Control Branch, Sacramento, CA USA. [Slade, Gary D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Dent Ecol, Dent, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Gooch, Barbara] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot NCCDPH,C, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abrams, S (reprint author), Quantum Dent Technol, Kansas City, MO 64119 USA. EM dr.abrams4cell@sympatico.ca NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN DENTAL ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 1815 ALTA VISTA DRIVE, OTTAWA, ON K1G 3Y6, CANADA SN 1488-2159 J9 J CAN DENT ASSOC JI J. Can. Dent. Assoc. PD NOV 5 PY 2015 VL 81 AR f16 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA CZ5XM UT WOS:000367175700001 ER PT J AU Gooch, BF AF Gooch, Barbara F. TI Title: "Community Water Fluoridation: Translating Evidence into Public Health Practice" SO JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 [Gooch, Barbara F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot,CDC, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Gooch, BF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot,CDC, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM oralhealth@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN DENTAL ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 1815 ALTA VISTA DRIVE, OTTAWA, ON K1G 3Y6, CANADA SN 1488-2159 J9 J CAN DENT ASSOC JI J. Can. Dent. Assoc. PD NOV 5 PY 2015 VL 81 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA CZ5XM UT WOS:000367175700005 ER PT J AU Muehlenbachs, A Bhatnagar, J Agudelo, CA Hidron, A Eberhard, ML Mathison, BA Frace, MA Ito, A Metcalfe, MG Rollin, DC Visvesvara, GS Pham, CD Jones, TL Greer, PW Hoyos, AV Olson, PD Diazgranados, LR Zaki, SR AF Muehlenbachs, Atis Bhatnagar, Julu Agudelo, Carlos A. Hidron, Alicia Eberhard, Mark L. Mathison, Blaine A. Frace, Michael A. Ito, Akira Metcalfe, Maureen G. Rollin, Dominique C. Visvesvara, Govinda S. Pham, Cau D. Jones, Tara L. Greer, Patricia W. Hoyos, Alejandro Velez Olson, Peter D. Diazgranados, Lucy R. Zaki, Sherif R. TI Malignant Transformation of Hymenolepis nana in a Human Host SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ECHINOCOCCUS-MULTILOCULARIS; INFECTION; PARASITE; TUMORS; MICE; DNA AB Neoplasms occur naturally in invertebrates but are not known to develop in tapeworms. We observed nests of monomorphic, undifferentiated cells in samples from lymph-node and lung biopsies in a man infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The morphologic features and invasive behavior of the cells were characteristic of cancer, but their small size suggested a nonhuman origin. A polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay targeting eukaryotes identified Hymenolepis nana DNA. Although the cells were unrecognizable as tapeworm tissue, immunohistochemical staining and probe hybridization labeled the cells in situ. Comparative deep sequencing identified H. nana structural genomic variants that are compatible with mutations described in cancer. Invasion of human tissue by abnormal, proliferating, genetically altered tapeworm cells is a novel disease mechanism that links infection and cancer. C1 [Muehlenbachs, Atis; Bhatnagar, Julu; Metcalfe, Maureen G.; Rollin, Dominique C.; Jones, Tara L.; Greer, Patricia W.; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Eberhard, Mark L.; Mathison, Blaine A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frace, Michael A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Biotechnol Core Facil, Div Sci Resources, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Visvesvara, Govinda S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Waterborne Dis Prevent Branch, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pham, Cau D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hidron, Alicia] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Agudelo, Carlos A.; Hidron, Alicia; Hoyos, Alejandro Velez; Diazgranados, Lucy R.] Univ Pontificia Bolivariana, Sch Hlth Sci, Medellin, Colombia. [Agudelo, Carlos A.] Clin Univ Bolivariana, Medellin, Colombia. [Hidron, Alicia; Hoyos, Alejandro Velez] Hosp Pablo Tobon Uribe, Medellin, Colombia. [Agudelo, Carlos A.] San Vicente Fdn, Ctr Especializados, Rionegro, Colombia. [Ito, Akira] Asahikawa Med Univ, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan. [Olson, Peter D.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, Div Parasites & Vectors, London, England. RP Muehlenbachs, A (reprint author), CDC, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G32, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM vkd6@cdc.gov RI Olson, Peter/D-4643-2009 OI Olson, Peter/0000-0002-4183-4533 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 18 U2 27 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 5 PY 2015 VL 373 IS 19 BP 1845 EP 1852 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa1505892 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CV3FK UT WOS:000364144000008 PM 26535513 ER PT J AU Miramontes, R Hill, AN Woodruff, RSY Lambert, LA Navin, TR Castro, KG LoBue, PA AF Miramontes, Roque Hill, Andrew N. Woodruff, Rachel S. Yelk Lambert, Lauren A. Navin, Thomas R. Castro, Kenneth G. LoBue, Philip A. TI Tuberculosis Infection in the United States: Prevalence Estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GAMMA RELEASE ASSAYS; SKIN-TEST; LATENT TUBERCULOSIS; HOMELESS; TB; IMPLEMENTATION; ELIMINATION; POPULATION; CHILDREN; USA AB Background Reexamining the prevalence of persons infected with tuberculosis (TB) is important to determine trends over time. In 2011-2012 a TB component was included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to estimate the reservoir of persons infected with TB. Methods Civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population survey participants aged 6 years and older were interviewed regarding their TB history and eligibility for the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test. Once eligibility was confirmed, both tests were conducted. Prevalence and numbers of TST positive (10 mm or greater), IGRA positive, and both TST and IGRA positive were calculated by adjusting for the complex survey design after applying corrections for item nonresponse and digit preference in TST induration measurements. To examine TST positivity over time, data from NHANES 1999-2000 were reanalyzed using the same statistical methods. The TST was performed using Tubersol, a commercially available purified protein derivative (PPD), rather than PPD-S, which was the antigen used in NHANES 1999-2000. Prior patient history of TB vaccination was not collected in this study nor were patients examined for the presence of a Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine scar. Results For NHANES 2011-2012, TST and IGRA results were available for 6,128 (78.4%) and 7,107 (90.9%) eligible participants, respectively. There was no significant difference between the percentage of the U.S. population that was TST positive in 2011-2012 (4.7% [95% CI 3.4-6.3]; 13,276,000 persons) compared with 1999-2000 (4.3%; 3.5-5.3). In 2011-2012 the percentage that was IGRA positive was 5.0% (4.2-5.8) and double TST and IGRA positivity was 2.1% (1.5-2.8). The point estimate of IGRA positivity prevalence in foreign-born persons (15.9%; 13.5-18.7) was lower than for TST (20.5%; 16.1-25.8) in 2011-2012. The point estimate of IGRA positivity prevalence in U.S.-born persons (2.8%; 2.0-3.8) was higher than for TST (1.5%; 0.9-2.6). Conclusions No statistically significant decline in the overall estimated prevalence of TST positivity was detected from 1999-2000 to 2011-2012. The prevalence of TB infection, whether measured by TST or IGRA, remains lower among persons born in the United States compared with foreign-born persons. C1 [Miramontes, Roque; Hill, Andrew N.; Woodruff, Rachel S. Yelk; Lambert, Lauren A.; Navin, Thomas R.; Castro, Kenneth G.; LoBue, Philip A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Miramontes, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmiramontes@cdc.gov OI Miramontes, Roque/0000-0001-9535-460X NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 4 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0140881 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0140881 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV5GZ UT WOS:000364298400042 PM 26536035 ER PT J AU Smithson, P Florey, L Salgado, SR Hershey, CL Masanja, H Bhattarai, A Mwita, A McElroy, PD AF Smithson, Paul Florey, Lia Salgado, S. Rene Hershey, Christine L. Masanja, Honorati Bhattarai, Achuyt Mwita, Alex McElroy, Peter D. CA Tanzania Malaria Impact Evaluation TI Impact of Malaria Control on Mortality and Anemia among Tanzanian Children Less than Five Years of Age, 1999-2010 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; TRANSMISSION INTENSITY; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; TREATMENT POLICY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY AB Background Mainland Tanzania scaled up multiple malaria control interventions between 1999 and 2010. We evaluated whether, and to what extent, reductions in all-cause under-five child mortality (U5CM) tracked with malaria control intensification during this period. Methods Four nationally representative household surveys permitted trend analysis for malaria intervention coverage, severe anemia (hemoglobin <8 g/dL) prevalence (SAP) among children 6-59 months, and U5CM rates stratified by background characteristics, age, and malaria endemicity. Prevalence of contextual factors (e.g., vaccination, nutrition) likely to influence U5CM were also assessed. Population attributable risk percentage (PAR%) estimates for malaria interventions and contextual factors that changed over time were used to estimate magnitude of impact on U5CM. Results Household ownership of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) rose from near zero in 1999 to 64% (95% CI, 61.7-65.2) in 2010. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy reached 26% (95% CI, 23.6-28.0) by 2010. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine replaced chloroquine in 2002 and artemisinin-based combination therapy was introduced in 2007. SAP among children 6-59 months declined 50% between 2005 (11.1%; 95% CI, 10.0-12.3%) and 2010 (5.5%; 95% CI, 4.7-6.4%) and U5CM declined by 45% between baseline (1995-9) and endpoint (2005-9), from 148 to 81 deaths/1000 live births, respectively. Mortality declined 55% among children 1-23 months of age in higher malaria endemicity areas. A large reduction in U5CM was attributable to ITNs (PAR%=11) with other malaria interventions adding further gains. Multiple contextual factors also contributed to survival gains. Conclusion Marked declines in U5CM occurred in Tanzania between 1999 and 2010 with high impact from ITNs and ACTs. High-risk children (1-24 months of age in high malaria endemicity) experienced the greatest declines in mortality and SAP. Malaria control should remain a policy priority to sustain and further accelerate progress in child survival. C1 [Smithson, Paul; Masanja, Honorati] Ifakara Hlth Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Florey, Lia] ICF Int, Rockville, MD USA. [Salgado, S. Rene; Hershey, Christine L.] US Agcy Int Dev, US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bhattarai, Achuyt; McElroy, Peter D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mwita, Alex] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Smithson, P (reprint author), Ifakara Hlth Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. EM psmithson@ihi.or.tz FU United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare; U. S. Agency for International Development; United Nations Children's Fund; Global Fund; Department for International Development; United Nations Population Fund; World Food Programme; United Nations Development Programme; Irish Aid FX The household surveys included in this analysis were funded in part by the United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, U. S. Agency for International Development, United Nations Children's Fund, The Global Fund, Department for International Development, United Nations Population Fund, World Food Programme, United Nations Development Programme, and Irish Aid. The authors received no specific funding for this work. NR 110 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 4 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0141112 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0141112 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV5GZ UT WOS:000364298400054 PM 26536354 ER PT J AU Van Zee, J Piesman, JF Hojgaard, A Black, WC AF Van Zee, Janice Piesman, Joseph F. Hojgaard, Andrias Black, William Cormack TI Nuclear Markers Reveal Predominantly North to South Gene Flow in Ixodes scapularis, the Tick Vector of the Lyme Disease Spirochete SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; POPULATION-GENETICS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; STATISTICAL-METHOD; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; RANGE EXPANSION; MOLECULAR CLOCK; DAMMINI ACARI; IXODIDAE AB Ixodes scapularis, the tick vector of the Lyme disease spirochete, is distributed over most of the eastern United States, but >80% of all Lyme disease cases occur in the northeast. The role that genetic differences between northern and southern tick populations play in explaining this disparate distribution of Lyme disease cases is unclear. The present study was conducted with 1,155 SNP markers in eight nuclear genes; the 16S mitochondrial gene was examined for comparison with earlier studies. We examined 350 I. scapularis from 7 states covering a representative area of the species. A demographic analysis using Bayesian Extended Skyline Analysis suggested that I. scapularis populations in Mississippi and Georgia began expanding 500,000 years ago, those in Florida and North Carolina 200,000 years ago and those from Maryland and New Jersey only during the past 50,000 years with an accompanying bottleneck. Wisconsin populations only began expanding in the last 20,000 years. Analysis of current migration patterns suggests large amounts of gene flow in northern collections and equally high rates of gene flow among southern collections. In contrast there is restricted and unidirectional gene flow between northern and southern collections, mostly occurring from northern into southern populations. Northern populations are characterized by nymphs that quest above the leaf litter, are easy to collect by flagging, frequently feed on mammals such as rodents and shrews, commonly attach to people, and about 25% of which are infected with B. burgdorferi. If there is a genetic basis for these behaviors, then the patterns detected in this study are of concern because they suggest that northern I. scapularis populations with a greater ability to vector B. burgdorferi to humans are expanding south. C1 [Van Zee, Janice; Piesman, Joseph F.; Hojgaard, Andrias] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Black, William Cormack] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Black, WC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM wcb4@lamar.colostate.edu FU American Society of Microbiology post doctorate fellowship program; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was financially supported by American Society of Microbiology post doctorate fellowship program and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We thank Chas Apperson (North Carolina), Katherine Feldman (Maryland), Michael Levin (Florida and Georgia), Marc Dolan and Terry Schulze (New Jersey), Jerome Goddard (Mississippi) and Susan Paskewicz (Wisconsin) for providing us with ticks. This work was financially supported by American Society of Microbiology post doctorate fellowship program and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 4 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0139630 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0139630 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV5GZ UT WOS:000364298400009 PM 26536360 ER PT J AU Rogier, E Wiegand, R Moss, D Priest, J Angov, E Dutta, S Journel, I Jean, SE Mace, K Chang, M Lemoine, JF Udhayakumar, V Barnwell, JW AF Rogier, Eric Wiegand, Ryan Moss, Delynn Priest, Jeff Angov, Evelina Dutta, Sheetij Journel, Ito Jean, Samuel E. Mace, Kimberly Chang, Michelle Lemoine, Jean Frantz Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Barnwell, John W. TI Multiple comparisons analysis of serological data from an area of low Plasmodium falciparum transmission SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Serology; Plasmodium falciparum; Multiplex; ELISA; Distribution ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODIES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM ANTIGENS; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; ASSAY DETECTION; BEAD ASSAY; INTENSITY; INFECTION; RECOGNIZE; REGION; HAITI AB Background: As a nation reduces the burden of falciparum malaria, identifying areas of transmission becomes increasingly difficult. Over the past decade, the field of utilizing malaria serological assays to measure exposure has grown rapidly, and a variety of serological methods for data acquisition and analysis of human IgG against falciparum antigens are available. Here, different immunoassays and statistical methods are utilized to analyse samples from a low transmission setting and directly compare the estimates generated. Methods: A subset of samples (n = 580) from a 2012 Haitian nationwide malaria survey was employed as sample population of low falciparum endemicity. In addition to the Haitian samples, samples from 247 US residents were used as a reference population of ` true seronegatives'. Data acquisition was performed through standard ELISA and bead-based multiplex assays assaying for IgG antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum antigens MSP-1p19, MSP1p42( D), MSP-1p42(F), and AMA-1. Appropriate parametric distributions and seropositivity cutoff values were determined by statistical measures. Results: Data from both assays showed a strong positive skew, and the lognormal distribution was found to be an appropriate statistical fit to the Haitian and American populations. The American samples served as a good serological true negative population for the multiplex assay, but not for ELISA-based data. Mixture model approaches to determine seronegative and seropositive populations from the Haitian data showed a high degree of distribution overlap- likely due to the historical low falciparum transmission in this nation. Different fittings to the reversible catalytic model resulted depending upon the immunoassay utilized and seropositivity cutoff method employed. Data were also analysed through fitting to penalized B-splines, presenting another possible analytical tool for the analysis of malaria serological data. Conclusions: Standardization of serological techniques and analyses may prove difficult as some tools can prove to be more useful depending on the area and parasite in question, making clear interpretation a vital pursuit. The presented analysis in the low-endemic nation of Haiti found malaria-naive US residents to be an appropriate seronegative reference population for the multiplex assay, and this assay providing consistent estimates between MSP-1 and AMA-1 antigens of percent seropositives for this low-endemic population. C1 [Rogier, Eric; Wiegand, Ryan; Moss, Delynn; Priest, Jeff; Mace, Kimberly; Chang, Michelle; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam; Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Angov, Evelina; Dutta, Sheetij] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Journel, Ito] Minist Sante Publ & Populat, Lab Natl Sante Publ, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Jean, Samuel E.] Populat Serv Int, Org Haitienne Mkt Social Sante, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Lemoine, Jean Frantz] MSPP, Programme Natl Controle Malaria, Port Au Prince, Haiti. RP Rogier, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM erogier@cdc.gov FU Global Fund for HIV, Malaria, and Tuberculosis; Population Services International; CDC FX This study was funded by The Global Fund for HIV, Malaria, and Tuberculosis in collaboration with Population Services International and CDC. The authors would like to thank Chris Drakeley for reviewing the manuscript and Jamie Griffin for STATA statistical code. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 4 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 436 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-0955-1 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CV1HF UT WOS:000364003600007 PM 26537125 ER PT J AU Odhiambo, C Zeh, C Ondoa, P Omolo, P Akoth, B Lwamba, H Lando, R Williamson, J Otieno, J Masaba, R Weidle, P Thomas, T AF Odhiambo, Collins Zeh, Clement Ondoa, Pascale Omolo, Paul Akoth, Benta Lwamba, Humphrey Lando, Richard Williamson, John Otieno, Juliana Masaba, Rose Weidle, Paul Thomas, Timothy CA KiBS Study Team TI Anemia and Red Blood Cell Abnormalities in HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Breastfed Infants: A Secondary Analysis of the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE; MALARIA; PROPHYLAXIS; PARAMETERS; LAMIVUDINE; MALAWIAN AB Background Anemia results in increased morbidity and mortality, underscoring the need to better understand its pathophysiology amongst HIV-exposed and infected children in sub-Saharan Africa, the region where most infant HIV exposure and infections occur. Methods This analysis used samples obtained from children in the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study (KiBS). KiBS was a longitudinal phase IIB, open-label, one-arm clinical trial, designed to investigate the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of a maternal triple-antiretroviral (ARV) regimen for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, during late pregnancy and early infancy while breastfeeding. Blood samples from 482 children were obtained at birth, 2, 6, 10 and 14 weeks and 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. Severity of anemia was graded using the NIH Division of AIDS (DAIDS) toxicity tables. We describe the proportion of children with anemia and anomalies in red blood cell parameters at various time points over 24 months and compare rates of anemia between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children and by mothers' ARV regimen and infant malaria infection. Results The proportion of children with anemia significantly increased after the breastfeeding period in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children with higher proportion among HIV-infected children compared to HIV-uninfected children (RR: 1.72; CI: 1.22-2.44, p = 0.002). Maternal triple-antiretroviral regimen was not associated with infant anemia ( p = 0.11). There was no significant difference in mean hemoglobin between HIV-uninfected children with and without malaria at each time point except at 24 months. Conclusion A relatively lower proportion of children with severe anemia during the breastfeeding period suggest that exposure to mother's triple antiretroviral combinations through breast milk, posed minimal risk of hematologic toxicity. C1 [Odhiambo, Collins; Omolo, Paul; Akoth, Benta; Lwamba, Humphrey; Lando, Richard] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. [Zeh, Clement; Williamson, John; Thomas, Timothy] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. [Ondoa, Pascale] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Ctr Poverty Related Communicable Dis, Dept Internal Med,Ctr Infect & Immun, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Otieno, Juliana] Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching & Referral Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya. [Masaba, Rose] Family Hlth Int, Nairobi, Kenya. [Weidle, Paul] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Odhiambo, C (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. EM coodhiambo@kemricdc.org; czeh@ke.cdc.gov FU Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA FX This study received funding from the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 3 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0141599 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0141599 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV1QH UT WOS:000364032600041 PM 26529316 ER PT J AU Kirkcaldy, RD Hook, EW Soge, OO del Rio, C Kubin, G Zenilman, JM Papp, JR AF Kirkcaldy, Robert D. Hook, Edward W., III Soge, Olusegun O. del Rio, Carlos Kubin, Grace Zenilman, Jonathan M. Papp, John R. TI Trends in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Susceptibility to Cephalosporins in the United States, 2006-2014 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Kirkcaldy, Robert D.; Papp, John R.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Hook, Edward W., III] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Soge, Olusegun O.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [del Rio, Carlos] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kubin, Grace] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Zenilman, Jonathan M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kirkcaldy, RD (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM rkirkcaldy@cdc.gov RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 2015 VL 314 IS 17 BP 1869 EP 1871 DI 10.1001/jama.2015.10347 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CV0RO UT WOS:000363960200021 PM 26529166 ER PT J AU Hein, MJ Schubauer-Berigan, MK AF Hein, Misty J. Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K. TI Re: Bias in the proportionate mortality ratio analysis of small study populations: A case on analyses of radiation and mesothelioma SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM C1 [Hein, Misty J.] CACI Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Hein, Misty J.; Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K.] NIOSH, Ind Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Hein, MJ (reprint author), CACI Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM zcr9@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 EI 1362-3095 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 11 BP 908 EP 910 DI 10.3109/09553002.2015.1075179 PG 3 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CZ0ZO UT WOS:000366835600007 PM 26189732 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Wheaton, AG AF Ford, Earl S. Wheaton, Anne G. TI Trends in Outpatient Visits with Benzodiazepines among US Adults With and Without Bronchitis or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease from 1999 to 2010 SO COPD-JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LA English DT Article DE benzodiazepines; COPD; prescriptions; therapeutics; trends; United States ID ARTERIAL BLOOD-GASES; VENTILATORY RESPONSE; RESPIRATORY-FAILURE; UNITED-STATES; OLDER-ADULTS; COPD; NITRAZEPAM; FLUNITRAZEPAM; PREVALENCE; TRIAZOLAM AB Little is known about trends in prescriptions for benzodiazepines among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our objective was to examine trends of office/outpatient department visits with a mention of a benzodiazepine made by patients aged 40 years with COPD in the United States. We used data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 1999-2010. From 1999 to 2010, the estimated numbers of office/outpatient department visits with a benzodiazepine mentioned increased from 20.7 million to 43.2 million among all patients, from 684,000 to 1.5million among patients with COPD, and from 20.0 million to 41.7 million among patients without COPD. Using all 12-years of data, patients with COPD were more likely to have a visit with a mention of a benzodiazepine than patients without COPD (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.27-1.71).The unadjusted percentage of all office/outpatient department visits by patients with COPD with a mention of a benzodiazepine increased from 4.6% during 1999-2002 to 10.2% during 2007-2010 (P trend < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, and race, the adjusted prevalence ratio for 2007-2010 compared with 1999-2002 was 2.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.60-3.17). Since 1999, the number and percentage of office/outpatient department visits with a mention of a benzodiazepine by patients with COPD and all patients may have increased in the United States. C1 [Ford, Earl S.; Wheaton, Anne G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F78, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1541-2555 EI 1541-2563 J9 COPD JI COPD-J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 12 IS 6 BP 649 EP 657 DI 10.3109/15412555.2015.1007932 PG 9 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA CY2CS UT WOS:000366217000010 PM 26244660 ER PT J AU Pleasants, RA Heidari, K Wheaton, AG Ohar, JA Strange, C Croft, JB Liao, W Mannino, DM Kraft, M AF Pleasants, Roy A. Heidari, Khosrow Wheaton, Anne G. Ohar, Jill A. Strange, Charlie Croft, Janet B. Liao, Winston Mannino, David M. Kraft, Monica TI Targeting Persons With or At High Risk for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by State-based Surveillance SO COPD-JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LA English DT Article DE chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; population surveillance; respiratory symptoms; tobacco exposure; underdiagnosis ID NUTRITION-EXAMINATION-SURVEY; AIR-FLOW OBSTRUCTION; UNITED-STATES; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; COPD; MORTALITY; COMORBIDITIES; SMOKERS; ADULTS AB The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey is used to estimate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence and could be expanded to describe respiratory symptoms in the general population and to characterize persons with or at high risk for the disease. Tobacco duration and respiratory symptom questions were added to the 2012 South Carolina BRFSS. Data concerning sociodemographics, chronic illnesses, health behaviors, and respiratory symptoms were collected in 9438 adults 35 years-old. Respondents were categorized as having COPD, high risk, or low risk for the disease. High risk was defined as no self-reported COPD, 10 years' tobacco use, and 1 respiratory symptom (frequent productive cough or shortness of breath (SOB), or breathing problems affecting activities). Prevalence of self-reported and high-risk COPD were 9.1% and 8.0%, respectively. Overall, 17.3%, 10.6%, and 5.2% of all respondents reported activities limited by breathing problems, frequent productive cough, and frequent SOB, respectively. The high-risk group was more likely than the COPD group to report a productive cough and breathing problems limiting activities as well as being current smokers, male, and African-American. Health impairment was more severe in the COPD than the high-risk group, and both were worse than the low-risk group.Conclusions: Persons at high risk for COPD share many, but not all, of the characteristics of persons diagnosed with the disease. Additional questions addressing smoking duration and respiratory symptoms in the BRFSS identifies groups at high risk for having or developing COPD who may benefit from smoking cessation and case-finding interventions. C1 [Pleasants, Roy A.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Pleasants, Roy A.] Durham VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Heidari, Khosrow] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Chron Dis Epidemiol Off, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Wheaton, Anne G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Populat Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ohar, Jill A.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Sect Pulm Crit Care Allergy & Immunol Dis, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Strange, Charlie] Med Univ S Carolina, Div Pulm Crit Care Allergy & Sleep Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Croft, Janet B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Liao, Winston] North Carolina COPD Taskforce, Cary, NC USA. [Mannino, David M.] Univ Kentucky, Pulm Epidemiol Res Lab, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Lexington, KY USA. [Kraft, Monica] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Med, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Pleasants, RA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM roy.pleasants@duke.edu OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 FU Glaxo Smith Kline; Boehringer Ingelheim; GlaxoSmithKline plc; Novartis Pharmaceuticals; Pfizer Inc.; Boehringer-Ingelheim; Astra Zeneca PLC; Forest Laboratories Inc.; Merck; Amgen; Creative Educational Concepts; Chiesi; Genentech; GlaxoSmithKline; NIH FX RAP has served as consultant for Astra Zeneca and research grants from Glaxo Smith Kline and Boehringer Ingelheim. JAO - advisory boards for Boehringer-Ingelheim, CSL Behring, Astra Zeneca, and Novartis. CS -consultant for Astra Zeneca PLC, CSL Behring, and Grifols on topics related to COPD, outside of the current work. He has grants in COPD outside of the current work from the Alpha-1 Foundation, CSL Behring, Entera Health, Grifols and the National Institutes of Health. DMM - has received honoraria/consulting fees and served on speaker bureaus for GlaxoSmithKline plc, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer Inc. Boehringer-Ingelheim, Astra Zeneca PLC, Forest Laboratories Inc., Merck, Amgen and Creative Educational Concepts. Furthermore, he has received royalties from Up-to-Date and is on the Board of Directors of the COPD Foundation. MK - Monica Kraft receives grant/research support from Chiesi, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline and Merck and other financial or material support from NIH. KH, AGW, JBC, and WL have no disclosures. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1541-2555 EI 1541-2563 J9 COPD JI COPD-J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 12 IS 6 BP 680 EP 689 DI 10.3109/15412555.2015.1043424 PG 10 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA CY2CS UT WOS:000366217000013 PM 26367193 ER PT J AU Lam, E McCarthy, A Brennan, M AF Lam, Eugene McCarthy, Amanda Brennan, Muireann TI Vaccine-preventable diseases in humanitarian emergencies among refugee and internally-displaced populations SO HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS LA English DT Review DE civil conflicts; displacement; humanitarian emergency; immunizations; internally displaced persons; outbreaks; refugees; vaccines ID ORAL CHOLERA VACCINE; SOUTH SUDAN; HEPATITIS-E; MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; COMPLEX EMERGENCIES; POLIO ERADICATION; EXPANDED PROGRAM; NORTHERN UGANDA; MEASLES; OUTBREAK AB Humanitarian emergencies may result in breakdown of regular health services including routine vaccination programs. Displaced populations including refugees and internally displaced persons are particularly susceptible to outbreaks of communicable diseases such as vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Common VPDs encountered in humanitarian emergencies include measles, polio, and depending on geographical location, meningococcal meningitis, yellow fever, hepatitis A, and cholera. We conducted a review of 50 published articles from 2000 to 2015 concerning VPDs in humanitarian emergencies. This article provides an update on the available literature regarding vaccinations among this highly vulnerable population and describes the unique challenges of VPDs during humanitarian emergencies. Humanitarian emergencies place affected populations at risk for elevated morbidity and mortality from VPDs due to creation or exacerbation of factors associated with disease transmission such as mass population movements, overcrowding, malnutrition, and poor water and sanitation conditions. Vaccination is one of the most basic and critical health interventions for protecting vulnerable populations during emergencies. Growing insecurity, as seen in the increasing number of targeted attacks on health workers in recent years, as well as destruction of cold chain and infrastructure for transportation of supplies, are creating new challenges in provision of life saving vaccines in conflict settings. Population displacement can also threaten global VPD eradication and elimination efforts. While highly effective vaccines and guidelines to combat VPDs are available, the trend of increasing number of humanitarian emergencies globally poses new and emerging challenges in providing vaccination among displaced populations. C1 [Lam, Eugene; Brennan, Muireann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Recovery Branch, Div Global Hlth Protect, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [McCarthy, Amanda] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Lam, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Recovery Branch, Div Global Hlth Protect, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM elam@cdc.gov NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2164-5515 EI 2164-554X J9 HUM VACC IMMUNOTHER JI Human Vaccines Immunother. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 11 IS 11 BP 2627 EP 2636 DI 10.1080/21645515.2015.1096457 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA CV5VI UT WOS:000364339000023 PM 26406333 ER PT J AU Lin, HM Williamson, JM AF Lin, Hung-Mo Williamson, John M. TI A SIMPLE APPROACH FOR SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION FOR COMPARING TWO CONCORDANCE CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS ESTIMATED ON THE SAME SUBJECTS SO JOURNAL OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Agreement; Concordance correlation coefficient; Power; Sample size; Taylor series linearization ID EVALUATE REPRODUCIBILITY; DIAGNOSTIC-ACCURACY; AGREEMENT; MODELS; VOLUME; LEVEL AB Some studies are designed to assess the agreement between different raters and/or different instruments in the medical sciences and pharmaceutical research. In practice, the same sample will be used to compare the agreement of two or more assessment methods for simplicity and to take advantage of the positive correlation of the ratings. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) is often used as a measure of agreement when the rating is a continuous variable. We present an approach for calculating the sample size required for testing the equality of two CCCs, H-0: CCC1 = CCC2 vs. H-A: CCC1 CCC2, where two assessment methods are used on the same sample, with two raters resulting in correlated CCC estimates. Our approach is to simulate one large exemplary dataset based on the specification of the joint distribution of the pairwise ratings for the two methods. We then create two new random variables from the simulated data that have the same variance-covariance matrix as the two dependent CCC estimates using the Taylor series linearization method. The method requires minimal computing time and can be easily extended to comparing more than two CCCs, or Kappa statistics. C1 [Lin, Hung-Mo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Hlth Evidence & Policy, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Williamson, John M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lin, HM (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Hlth Evidence & Policy, One Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1077, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM hung-mo.lin@mountsinai.org NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1054-3406 EI 1520-5711 J9 J BIOPHARM STAT JI J. Biopharm. Stat. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1145 EP 1160 DI 10.1080/10543406.2014.971163 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Statistics & Probability SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Mathematics GA CT2NB UT WOS:000362637800002 PM 25321842 ER PT J AU Roberge, RJ Kim, JH Palmiero, A Powell, JB AF Roberge, Raymond J. Kim, Jung-Hyun Palmiero, Andrew Powell, Jeffrey B. TI Effect of Pregnancy Upon Facial Anthropometrics and Respirator Fit Testing SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE cephalo-facial anthropometrics; N95 filtering facepiece respirators; pregnancy; respirator fit testing ID WEIGHT-GAIN; BODY-WEIGHT; WOMEN; FAT AB Workers required to wear respirators must undergo additional respirator fit testing if a significant change in body weight occurs. Approximately 10% of working women of reproductive age will be pregnant and experience a significant change in weight, yet the effect of pregnancy-associated weight gain on respirator fit is unknown. Cephalo-facial anthropometric measurements and quantitative fit testing of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (N95 FFR) of 15 pregnant women and 15 matched, non-pregnant women were undertaken for comparisons between the groups. There were no significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant women with respect to cephalo-facial anthropometric measurements or N95 FFR quantitative fit tests. Healthy pregnant workers, who adhere to the recommended weight gain limits of pregnancy, are unlikely to experience an increase in cephalo-facial dimensions that would mandate additional N95 FFR fit testing above that which is normally required on an annual basis. C1 [Roberge, Raymond J.; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Palmiero, Andrew; Powell, Jeffrey B.] NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Roberge, RJ (reprint author), Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM dtn0@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 12 IS 11 BP 761 EP 766 DI 10.1080/15459624.2015.1049269 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CT0FG UT WOS:000362468700002 PM 26011754 ER PT J AU Hanley, KW Andrews, R Bertke, S Ashley, K AF Hanley, Kevin W. Andrews, Ronnee Bertke, Steven Ashley, Kevin TI Manganese Fractionation Using a Sequential Extraction Method to Evaluate Welders' Shielded Metal Arc Welding Exposures During Construction Projects in Oil Refineries SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE manganese fractionation; petroleum refineries; shielded metal arc welding (SMAW); stick welding; construction; welding ID FUMES; NEUROTOXICITY; WORKERS; PARKINSONISM; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS; BRAIN; SPACE; DUST; SMAW AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has conducted an occupational exposure assessment study of manganese (Mn) in welding fume of construction workers rebuilding tanks, piping, and process equipment at two oil refineries. The objective of this study was to evaluate exposures to different Mn fractions using a sequential extraction procedure. Seventy-two worker-days were monitored for either total or respirable Mn during stick welding and associated activities both within and outside of confined spaces. The samples were analyzed using an experimental method to separate different Mn fractions by valence states based on selective chemical solubility. The full-shift total particulate Mn time-weighted average (TWA) breathing zone concentrations ranged from 0.013-29 for soluble Mn in a mild ammonium acetate solution; from 0.26-250 for Mn-0,Mn-2+ in acetic acid; from non-detectable (ND) - 350 for Mn-3+,Mn-4+ in hydroxylamine-hydrochloride; and from ND - 39 micrograms per cubic meter (g/m(3)) for insoluble Mn fractions in hydrochloric and nitric acid. The summation of all Mn fractions in total particulate TWA ranged from 0.52-470g/m(3). The range of respirable particulate Mn TWA concentrations were from 0.20-28 for soluble Mn; from 1.4-270 for Mn-0,Mn-2+; from 0.49-150 for Mn-3+,Mn-4+; from ND - 100 for insoluble Mn; and from 2.0-490g/m(3) for Mn (sum of fractions). For all jobs combined, total particulate TWA GM concentrations of the Mn(sum) were 99 (GSD = 3.35) and 8.7 (GSD = 3.54) g/m(3) for workers inside and outside of confined spaces; respirable Mn also showed much higher levels for welders within confined spaces. Regardless of particle size and confined space work status, Mn-0,Mn-2+ fraction was the most abundant followed by Mn-3+,Mn-4+ fraction, typically >50% and approximate to 30-40% of Mn(sum), respectively. Eighteen welders' exposures exceeded the ACGIH Threshold Limit Values for total Mn (100g/m(3)) and 25 exceeded the recently adopted respirable Mn TLV (20g/m(3)). This study shows that a welding fume exposure control and management program is warranted, especially for welding jobs in confined spaces. C1 [Hanley, Kevin W.; Bertke, Steven] NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Andrews, Ronnee; Ashley, Kevin] NIOSH, Chem Exposure & Monitoring Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Hanley, KW (reprint author), NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM KHanley@cdc.gov FU National Toxicology Program (NTP); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [NIEHS/NIOSH Interagency Agreement) [Y1-E5-9018-02] FX This study was partially funded by an interagency agreement between the National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [NIEHS/NIOSH Interagency Agreement No. Y1-E5-9018-02]. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 12 IS 11 BP 774 EP 784 DI 10.1080/15459624.2015.1047022 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CT3IJ UT WOS:000362700100001 PM 26011602 ER PT J AU Van Orden, KA He, H Parkhurst, KA Stone, DM Rowe, J McIntosh, WL Podgorski, C Conwell, Y AF Van Orden, K. A. He, H. Parkhurst, K. A. Stone, D. M. Rowe, J. McIntosh, W. L. Podgorski, C. Conwell, Y. TI THE SENIOR CONNECTION: WHAT IS A DOSE OF PEER COMPANIONSHIP SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Van Orden, K. A.; He, H.; Parkhurst, K. A.; Podgorski, C.; Conwell, Y.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Psychiat, Rochester, NY USA. [Stone, D. M.; McIntosh, W. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rowe, J.] Lifespan Greater Rochester Inc, Rochester, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2015 VL 55 SU 2 BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA DJ5BV UT WOS:000374222700539 ER PT J AU Stevens, JA Parker, E Lee, R Yang, Z AF Stevens, J. A. Parker, E. Lee, R. Yang, Z. TI MEDICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH FALLS AMONG A COHORT OF MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES AGED 65 AND OLDER SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stevens, J. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yang, Z.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2015 VL 55 SU 2 BP 220 EP 220 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA DJ5BV UT WOS:000374222701255 ER PT J AU Teaster, PB Hall, J AF Teaster, P. B. Hall, J. TI ELDER ABUSE PREVENTION: THROUGH THE LIFE COURSE AND PUBLIC HEALTH LENSES SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Teaster, P. B.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Hall, J.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2015 VL 55 SU 2 BP 243 EP 243 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA DJ5BV UT WOS:000374222701332 ER PT J AU Parker, E Lee, R Floyd, F Roma, A Talbut, B Moss, H Ory, MG Smith, ML AF Parker, E. Lee, R. Floyd, F. Roma, A. Talbut, B. Moss, H. Ory, M. G. Smith, M. L. TI MAKING OLDER ADULT FALL PREVENTION PART OF ROUTINE CARE IN A LARGE HEALTH SYSTEM IN NEW YORK STATE SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Parker, E.; Lee, R.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Floyd, F.; Roma, A.; Talbut, B.] UHS Med Grp, Johnson City, NY USA. [Moss, H.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Ory, M. G.] Texas A&M, College Stn, TX USA. [Smith, M. L.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2015 VL 55 SU 2 BP 320 EP 320 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA DJ5BV UT WOS:000374222701619 ER PT J AU Fuller, KW Landers, GM AF Fuller, K. W. Landers, G. M. TI WHAT IS THE RIGHT NUMBER: DETERMINING AN APPROPRIATE CASELOAD FOR OPTIONS COUNSELORS SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fuller, K. W.; Landers, G. M.] Georgia State Univ, Georgia Hlth Policy Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Landers, G. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2015 VL 55 SU 2 BP 329 EP 329 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA DJ5BV UT WOS:000374222701653 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, DE King, DK Allen, P Jones, D Marquez, DX Brown, D Belza, B AF Rosenberg, D. E. King, D. K. Allen, P. Jones, D. Marquez, D. X. Brown, D. Belza, B. TI SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS TO CHARACTERIZE USERS OF WALKING PROGRAMS SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rosenberg, D. E.] Grp Hlth Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [King, D. K.] Univ Alaska, Ancorage, AK USA. [Allen, P.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Jones, D.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Marquez, D. X.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Brown, D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rosenberg, D. E.; Belza, B.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2015 VL 55 SU 2 BP 519 EP 519 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA DJ5BV UT WOS:000374222702503 ER PT J AU Hall, J Rosen, T Bloemen, EM Varki, V Clark, S AF Hall, J. Rosen, T. Bloemen, E. M. Varki, V. Clark, S. TI VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION OF OLDER ADULTS: PHYSICAL ASSAULT INJURIES TREATED IN US EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS, 2007-2012 SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hall, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rosen, T.; Bloemen, E. M.; Varki, V.; Clark, S.] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Div Emergency Med, New York, NY USA. [Bloemen, E. M.] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Div Geriatr & Palliat Med, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2015 VL 55 SU 2 BP 523 EP 523 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA DJ5BV UT WOS:000374222702514 ER PT J AU Monroe, JA Moore, GA AF Monroe, Judith A. Moore, Georgia A. TI Data, Workforce, Action! SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Monroe, Judith A.; Moore, Georgia A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off State Tribal Local & Terr Support, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS E70, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Moore, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off State Tribal Local & Terr Support, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS E70, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gbm7@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-4659 EI 1550-5022 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 21 SU 6 SI SI BP S7 EP S8 DI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000270 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DI7QX UT WOS:000373697900004 PM 26422497 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Torrone, E Bernstein, K AF Aral, Sevgi O. Torrone, Elizabeth Bernstein, Kyle TI Geographical targeting to improve progression through the sexually transmitted infection/HIV treatment continua in different populations SO CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS LA English DT Review DE allocative efficiency; HIV care continuum; risk networks; spatial targeting ID HIV TREATMENT CASCADE; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CARE CONTINUUM; PREVENTION; SETTINGS; STATES; LEVEL; USA; INTERVENTIONS AB Purpose of review The purpose of this study is to review and synthesize the recent literature on the use of geographical targeting to improve progression through HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention and treatment continua in different populations. Recent findings Geographical targeting can help identify obstacles to progression through prevention and treatment continua for each stage and in specific geographic locations. Macro-level geographical targeting can help maximize allocative efficiency, while micro-level targeting of hot spots increases effectiveness of interventions. Migration into and out of geographical areas of interest constitutes a challenge to geographical targeting in that stage-specific monitoring strategies tend to yield inaccurate results when people leave the area. Despite these issues, it is possible to identify failures in each stage of the continuum by specific spatial location such as census tracts and focus improvement efforts accordingly. Summary Vulnerabilities, risk behaviours and infections all cluster across age, race-ethnicity, socioeconomic status, key populations, risk networks and geographic space. Spatial concentration may be the most important in this context, as it allows prevention programmes to identify and reach target populations more easily. Geographical targeting can be employed at both macro and micro levels and in combination with targeting of key populations and high-risk networks. C1 [Aral, Sevgi O.; Torrone, Elizabeth; Bernstein, Kyle] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SAral@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1746-630X EI 1746-6318 J9 CURR OPIN HIV AIDS JI Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS PD NOV PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 BP 477 EP 482 DI 10.1097/COH.0000000000000195 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA DD1YI UT WOS:000369718800012 PM 26352392 ER PT J AU Pillai, SK Huang, E Guarnizo, JT Hoyle, JD Katharios-Lanwermeyer, S Turski, TK Bower, WA Hendricks, KA Meaney-Delman, D AF Pillai, Satish K. Huang, Eileen Guarnizo, Julie T. Hoyle, Jamechia D. Katharios-Lanwermeyer, Stefan Turski, Theresa K. Bower, William A. Hendricks, Katherine A. Meaney-Delman, Dana TI ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT FOR SYSTEMIC ANTHRAX: ANALYSIS OF CASES FROM 1945 TO 2014 IDENTIFIED THROUGH A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW SO HEALTH SECURITY LA English DT Article ID FATAL INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; 2 SURVIVING PATIENTS; CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; INTESTINAL ANTHRAX; UNITED-STATES; GASTROINTESTINAL ANTHRAX; BIOTERRORISM EXPOSURE; CLINICAL PRESENTATION; INJECTIONAL ANTHRAX AB Systemic anthrax is associated with high mortality. Current national guidelines, developed for the individualized treatment of systemic anthrax, outline the use of combination intravenous antimicrobials for a minimum of 2 weeks, bactericidal and protein synthesis inhibitor antimicrobials for all cases of systemic anthrax, and at least 3 antimicrobials with good blood-brain barrier penetration for anthrax meningitis. However, in an anthrax mass casualty incident, large numbers of anthrax cases may create challenges in meeting antimicrobial needs. To further inform our understanding of the role of antimicrobials in treating systemic anthrax, a systematic review of the English-language literature was conducted to identify cases of systemic anthrax treated with antimicrobials for which a clinical outcome was recorded. A total of 149 cases of systemic anthrax were identified. Among the identified 59 cases of cutaneous anthrax, 33 were complicated by meningitis (76% mortality), while 26 simply had evidence of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (4% mortality); 21 of 26 (81%) of this latter group received monotherapy. Subsequent analysis regarding combination antimicrobial therapy was restricted to the remaining 123 cases of more severe anthrax (overall 67% mortality). Recipients of combination bactericidal and protein synthesis inhibitor therapy had a 45% survival versus 28% in the absence of combination therapy (p = 0.07). For meningitis cases (n = 77), survival was greater for those receiving 3 or more antimicrobials over the course of treatment (3 of 4; 75%), compared to receipt of 1 or 2 antimicrobials (12 of 73; 16%) (p = 0.02). Median parenteral antimicrobial duration was 14 days. Combination bactericidal and protein synthesis inhibitor therapy may be appropriate in severe anthrax disease, particularly anthrax meningitis, in a mass casualty incident. C1 [Pillai, Satish K.; Huang, Eileen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Huang, Eileen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect,CDC, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Meaney-Delman, Dana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Preparedness, Off Director,CDC, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis,Div Prepare, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Katharios-Lanwermeyer, Stefan] CDC, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bower, William A.] CDC, US Publ Hlth Serv, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bower, William A.; Hendricks, Katherine A.] CDC, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Turski, Theresa K.] CDC, Div Global Hlth Protect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hoyle, Jamechia D.] George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Pillai, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEZID, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C18, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM vig8@cdc.gov FU Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The authors thank Onnalee Gomez, CDC, for conducting the literature searches and Heather Tubbs, CDC, for administrative support. This work was funded by the Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. NR 109 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2326-5094 EI 2326-5108 J9 HEALTH SECUR JI Health Secur. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 13 IS 6 BP 355 EP 364 DI 10.1089/hs.2015.0033 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD1OU UT WOS:000369691800002 PM 26623698 ER PT J AU Huang, E Pillai, SK Bower, WA Hendricks, KA Guarnizo, JT Hoyle, JD Gorman, SE Boyer, AE Quinn, CP Meaney-Delman, D AF Huang, Eileen Pillai, Satish K. Bower, William A. Hendricks, Katherine A. Guarnizo, Julie T. Hoyle, Jamechia D. Gorman, Susan E. Boyer, Anne E. Quinn, Conrad P. Meaney-Delman, Dana TI ANTITOXIN TREATMENT OF INHALATION ANTHRAX: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SO HEALTH SECURITY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ZEALAND WHITE-RABBITS; LETHAL FACTOR; UNITED-STATES; THERAPEUTIC MODEL; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANIMAL-MODELS; GUINEA-PIGS; TOXIN AB Concern about use of anthrax as a bioweapon prompted development of novel anthrax antitoxins for treatment. Clinical guidelines for the treatment of anthrax recommend antitoxin therapy in combination with intravenous antimicrobials; however, a large-scale or mass anthrax incident may exceed antitoxin availability and create a need for judicious antitoxin use. We conducted a systematic review of antitoxin treatment of inhalation anthrax in humans and experimental animals to inform antitoxin recommendations during a large-scale or mass anthrax incident. A comprehensive search of 11 databases and the FDA website was conducted to identify relevant animal studies and human reports: 28 animal studies and 3 human cases were identified. Antitoxin monotherapy at or shortly after symptom onset demonstrates increased survival compared to no treatment in animals. With early treatment, survival did not differ between antimicrobial monotherapy and antimicrobial-antitoxin therapy in nonhuman primates and rabbits. With delayed treatment, antitoxin-antimicrobial treatment increased rabbit survival. Among human cases, addition of antitoxin to combination antimicrobial treatment was associated with survival in 2 of the 3 cases treated. Despite the paucity of human data, limited animal data suggest that adjunctive antitoxin therapy may improve survival. Delayed treatment studies suggest improved survival with combined antitoxin-antimicrobial therapy, although a survival difference compared with antimicrobial therapy alone was not demonstrated statistically. In a mass anthrax incident with limited antitoxin supplies, antitoxin treatment of individuals who have not demonstrated a clinical benefit from antimicrobials, or those who present with more severe illness, may be warranted. Additional pathophysiology studies are needed, and a point-of-care assay correlating toxin levels with clinical status may provide important information to guide antitoxin use during a large-scale anthrax incident. C1 [Huang, Eileen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect,CDC, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. [Pillai, Satish K.; Guarnizo, Julie T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. [Meaney-Delman, Dana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Preparedness, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect,CDC, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. [Bower, William A.] CDC, US Publ Hlth Serv, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bower, William A.; Hendricks, Katherine A.] CDC, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hoyle, Jamechia D.] George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Gorman, Susan E.] CDC, Sci, Div Strateg Natl Stockpile, Off Publ Hlth Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Boyer, Anne E.] CDC, Off Noncommunicable Dis Injury & Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Quinn, Conrad P.; Meaney-Delman, Dana] CDC, Off Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meaney-Delman, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Preparedness, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM vmo0@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response FX The authors thank Onnalee Gomez for conducting the searches for this systematic review, Theresa Turski and Stefan Katharios-Lanwermeyer for reviewing articles, and the members of the CDC Workgroup on Anthrax Clinical Guidelines for providing additional references for our review. This project is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2326-5094 EI 2326-5108 J9 HEALTH SECUR JI Health Secur. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 13 IS 6 BP 365 EP 377 DI 10.1089/hs.2015.0032 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD1OU UT WOS:000369691800003 PM 26690378 ER PT J AU Moody, V Hogben, M Kroeger, K Johnson, J AF Moody, Victoria Hogben, Matthew Kroeger, Karen Johnson, James TI Internet-Based Partner Services in US Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention Programs: 2009-2013 SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Internet-based partner services; partner services; sexually transmitted diseases; social networking ID SEX; SYPHILIS; NOTIFICATION; RISK; MEN AB Background: Social networking sites have become increasingly popular venues for meeting sex partners. Today, some sexually transmitted disease (STD) programs conduct Internet-based partner services (IPS). The purpose of the study was to explore how the Internet is being used by STD prevention programs to perform partner services. Methods: We assessed US STD prevention programs receiving funds through the 2008-2013 Comprehensive STD Prevention Systems cooperative agreement. We (1) reviewed 2009 IPS protocols in 57 funding applications against a benchmark of national guidelines and (2) surveyed persons who conducted IPS in jurisdictions conducting IPS in 2012. Results: Of the 57 project areas receiving Comprehensive STD Prevention Systems funds, 74% provided an IPS protocol. States with IPS protocols had larger populations and more gonorrhea and syphilis cases (t = 2.2-2.6; all Ps < .05), although not higher rates of infection. Most protocols included staffing (92%) and IPS documentation (87%) requirements, but fewer had evaluation plans (29%) or social networking site engagement strategies (16%). Authority to perform a complete range of IPS activities (send e-mail, use social networking sites) was associated with contacting more partners via IPSs (P < .05). Conclusions: This study provides a snapshot of IPS activities in STD programs in the United States. Further research is needed to move from assessment to generating data that can assist training efforts and program action and, finally, to enable efficient IPS programs that are integrated into STD prevention and control efforts. C1 [Moody, Victoria; Hogben, Matthew; Kroeger, Karen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop G-27, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Johnson, James] Cent Michigan Univ, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Moody, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop G-27, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vmoody@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-4659 EI 1550-5022 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP 526 EP 530 DI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000201 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD1TK UT WOS:000369704500007 PM 25602198 ER PT J AU Hayek, S Dietz, PM Van Handel, M Zhang, J Shrestha, RK Huang, YLA Wan, C Mermin, J AF Hayek, Samah Dietz, Patricia M. Van Handel, Michelle Zhang, Jun Shrestha, Ram K. Huang, Ya-Lin A. Wan, Choi Mermin, Jonathan TI Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Funding for HIV Testing Associated With Higher State Percentage of Persons Tested SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE federal funding; HIV prevention funding; HIV testing AB Objectives: To assess the association between state per capita allocations of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funding for HIV testing and the percentage of persons tested for HIV. Setting and Participants: We examined data from 2 sources: 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and 2010-2011 State HIV Budget Allocations Reports. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data were used to estimate the percentage of persons aged 18 to 64 years who had reported testing for HIV in the last 2 years in the United States by state. State HIV Budget Allocations Reports were used to calculate the state mean annual per capita allocations for CDC-funded HIV testing reported by state and local health departments in the United States. Design: The association between the state fixed-effect per capita allocations for CDC-funded HIV testing and self-reported HIV testing in the last 2 years among persons aged 18 to 64 years was assessed with a hierarchical logistic regression model adjusting for individual-level characteristics. Main outcome: The percentage of persons tested for HIV in the last 2 years. Results: In 2011, 18.7% (95% confidence interval = 18.4-19.0) of persons reported being tested for HIV in last 2 years (state range, 9.7%-28.2%). During 2010-2011, the state mean annual per capita allocation for CDC-funded HIV testing was $0.34 (state range, $0.04-$1.04). A $0.30 increase in per capita allocation for CDC-funded HIV testing was associated with an increase of 2.4 percentage points (14.0% vs 16.4%) in the percentage of persons tested for HIV per state. Conclusions: Providing HIV testing resources to health departments was associated with an increased percentage of state residents tested for HIV. C1 [Hayek, Samah; Dietz, Patricia M.; Van Handel, Michelle; Zhang, Jun; Wan, Choi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Program Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shrestha, Ram K.; Huang, Ya-Lin A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Quantitat Sci & Data Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mermin, Jonathan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mermin, Jonathan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Van Handel, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Program Evaluat Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ioq4@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-4659 EI 1550-5022 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP 531 EP 537 DI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000222 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD1TK UT WOS:000369704500008 PM 25679771 ER PT J AU Carey, JW LaLota, M Villamizar, K McElroy, T Wilson, MM Garcia, J Sandrock, R Taveras, J Candio, D Flores, SA AF Carey, James W. LaLota, Marlene Villamizar, Kira McElroy, Tamara Wilson, M. Maximillion Garcia, Jersey Sandrock, Robert Taveras, Janelle Candio, Darline Flores, Stephen A. TI Using High-Impact HIV Prevention to Achieve the National HIV/AIDS Strategic Goals in Miami-Dade County, Florida: A Case Study SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE CDC; comprehensive HIV planning and program improvement; "Enhanced Comprehensive HIV Prevention Planning" project; Miami-Dade County AB In response to the release of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the "Enhanced Comprehensive HIV Prevention Planning" project, which provided support to health departments in 12 Metropolitan Statistical Areas with the highest AIDS prevalence to strengthen local HIV programs. We describe a case study of how 1 Metropolitan Statistical Area, Miami-Dade County, developed and implemented a locally tailored plan. Examples include actions to reinforce local partnerships and identify neighborhoods with highest unmet needs, an improved condom distribution system to assist local HIV care providers, collaboration with local stakeholders to establish a new walk-in center for transgender client needs, and overcoming incompatibilities in health department and Ryan White Program computer record systems to facilitate faster and more efficient patient services. These examples show how jurisdictions both within Florida and elsewhere can create low-cost and sustainable activities tailored to improve local HIV prevention needs. C1 [Carey, James W.; Flores, Stephen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [LaLota, Marlene; Villamizar, Kira; McElroy, Tamara; Wilson, M. Maximillion; Taveras, Janelle; Candio, Darline] Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Garcia, Jersey; Sandrock, Robert] Hlth Council South Florida, Miami, FL USA. RP Carey, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jfc9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1U65PS003272-01, 1U65PS003621-01] FX Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grants 1U65PS003272-01 and 1U65PS003621-01. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-4659 EI 1550-5022 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP 584 EP 593 DI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000321 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD1TK UT WOS:000369704500014 PM 26785398 ER PT J AU Knopf, JA Hahn, RA Proia, KK Truman, BI Johnson, RL Muntaner, C Fielding, JE Jones, CP Fullilove, MT Hunt, PC Qu, S Chattopadhyay, SK Milstein, B AF Knopf, John A. Hahn, Robert A. Proia, Krista K. Truman, Benedict I. Johnson, Robert L. Muntaner, Carles Fielding, Jonathan E. Jones, Camara Phyllis Fullilove, Mindy T. Hunt, Pete C. Qu, Shuli Chattopadhyay, Sajal K. Milstein, Bobby CA Community Preventive Serv Task TI Out-of-School-Time Academic Programs to Improve School Achievement: A Community Guide Health Equity Systematic Review SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Review DE achievement gap; disparities; education; minority health ID PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; SUMMER SCHOOL; READING PROGRAM; EDUCATION; CHILD; WORK; INTERVENTION; STUDENTS; READERS AB Context: Low-income and minority status in the United States are associated with poor educational outcomes, which, in turn, reduce the long-term health benefits of education. Objective: This systematic review assessed the extent to which out-of-school-time academic (OSTA) programs for at-risk students, most of whom are from low-income and racial/ethnic minority families, can improve academic achievement. Because most OSTA programs serve low-income and ethnic/racial minority students, programs may improve health equity. Design: Methods of the Guide to Community Preventive Services were used. An existing systematic review assessing the effects of OSTA programs on academic outcomes (Lauer et al 2006; search period 1985-2003) was supplemented with a Community Guide update (search period 2003-2011). Main Outcome Measure: Standardized mean difference. Results: Thirty-two studies from the existing review and 25 studies from the update were combined and stratified by program focus (ie, reading-focused, math-focused, general academic programs, and programs with minimal academic focus). Focused programs were more effective than general or minimal academic programs. Reading-focused programs were effective only for students in grades K-3. There was insufficient evidence to determine effectiveness on behavioral outcomes and longer-term academic outcomes. Conclusions: OSTA programs, particularly focused programs, are effective in increasing academic achievement for at-risk students. Ongoing school and social environments that support learning and development may be essential to ensure the longer-term benefits of OSTA programs. C1 [Knopf, John A.; Hahn, Robert A.; Proia, Krista K.; Qu, Shuli; Chattopadhyay, Sajal K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Sci Serv, Community Guide Branch, Div Epidemiol Anal & Lib Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Truman, Benedict I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Associate Director Sci, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Hunt, Pete C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Jones, Camara Phyllis] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Anal Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Milstein, Bobby] Hygeia Dynam, Boston, MA USA. [Johnson, Robert L.] Rutgers New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ USA. [Muntaner, Carles] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Fielding, Jonathan E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Fullilove, Mindy T.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Sci Serv, Community Guide Branch, Div Epidemiol Anal & Lib Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM RHahn@cdc.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Scientific Education (ORISE) FX The work of John Knopf, Krista Proia, and Shuli Qu was supported with funds from the Oak Ridge Institute for Scientific Education (ORISE). The authors are grateful to the following for advice on out-of-school-time-academic programs: Mark Dynarski, PhD (Pemberton Research), Doris Entwisle, PhD (Johns Hopkins University), and Elizabeth Warner, PhD (US Department of Education). The authors are also grateful to the health equity consultation team: Ann Abramowitz, PhD (Emory University); Geoffrey Borman, PhD (University of Wisconsin); Jeannie Brooks-Gunn, PhD (Columbia); Kristen Bub, PhD (Auburn University); Duncan Chaplin, PhD (Mathematica); Dennis Condron, PhD (Oakland University); Greg Duncan, PhD (University of California, Irvine); Rebecca Herman, PhD (WhatWorks); Gloria Ladson-Billings, PhD (University of Wisconsin); Robert Lerman, PhD (Urban Institute); Raegen Miller, MS (American Progress); Pedro Noguera, PhD (Columbia University); Charles M. Payne, PhD (University of Chicago); Annie Pennucci, MPA (Washington State Institute for Public Policy); Catherine Ross, PhD (University of Texas, Austin); Janelle Scott, PhD (University of California, Berkeley); and Emily Wentzel, PhD (University of Maryland). They thank those who provided editorial support: Kate W. Harris, BA, and Kristen D. Folsom, MPH, of CDC's Community Guide Branch. NR 96 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-4659 EI 1550-5022 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP 594 EP 608 DI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000268 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD1TK UT WOS:000369704500015 PM 26062096 ER PT J AU Hahn, RA AF Hahn, Robert A. CA Community Preventive Serv Task For TI Out-of-School-Time Academic Programs Are Recommended to Improve Academic Achievement and Health Equity SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE academic achievement; after-school; health equity; recommendation; summer school AB The Community Preventive Services Task Force makes several recommendations for academically at-risk students: reading-focused out-of-school-time academic programs are recommended on the basis of strong evidence of effectiveness in improving the reading achievement of students in grade levels K-3. Mathematics-focused out-of-school-time academic programs are recommended on the basis of sufficient evidence of effectiveness in improving mathematics achievement. General out-of-school-time academic programs that do not focus on one specific subject are recommended on the basis of sufficient evidence of effectiveness in improving the reading and mathematics achievement. Out-of-school-time academic programs with minimal academic content have insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of these programs. Because academic achievement is linked with long-term health, and because out-of-school-time academic programs are commonly implemented in racial and ethnic and minority or low-income communities, these programs are likely to improve health equity. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, MS-E69,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM RHahn@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-4659 EI 1550-5022 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP 609 EP 612 DI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000288 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD1TK UT WOS:000369704500016 ER PT J AU Bhavnani, D Lancki, N Winter, I Macaraig, M AF Bhavnani, Darlene Lancki, Nicola Winter, Iris Macaraig, Michelle TI Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Tuberculosis in New York City SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE completion; delay; duration; failure; risk factor ID UNITED-STATES; ANTITUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT; TREATMENT COMPLETION; RISK-FACTORS; FAILURE; PREDICTORS; NONADHERENCE; MANAGEMENT; LONDON; FRANCE AB Context: Treatment completion for tuberculosis (TB) is one of the essential components of TB prevention and control. Delays in treatment completion and incomplete treatment can result in increased transmission, development of drug resistance, and increased morbidity and mortality. Understanding the reasons for poor treatment outcomes may help improve TB control efforts. Objective: To identify those at highest risk and determine the reasons for poor treatment outcomes among TB cases (January 2009-June 2010). Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting/Participants: New York City TB patients eligible to complete treatment within 12 months. Main Outcome Measures: Poisson regression models were used to identify risk factors associated with delayed completion and incomplete treatment compared with completion within 12 months of initiating treatment (timely completion). Reasons for delayed completion and incomplete treatment were summarized. Results: Of 1008 cases eligible to complete treatment within 12 months, 921 (91%) had timely completion, 48 (5%) had delayed completion, and 39 (4%) had incomplete treatment. Cases with delayed completion and incomplete treatment were more likely to have extrapulmonary TB (adjusted risk ratio = 3.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.79-6.14; and adjusted risk ratio = 3.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-6.44, respectively). Primary reasons for delayed completion were a physician's decision to extend treatment (35%) and interrupted treatment (31%), whereas those for incomplete treatment included lost to care (38%), moved (28%), and refusal to continue treatment (26%). Conclusion: Overall, treatment completion in New York City was high. Patients with delayed completion and incomplete treatment had extrapulmonary disease in common. However, specific reasons suggest that delayed completion may be clinically motivated whereas incomplete treatment may result from social conditions. C1 [Bhavnani, Darlene; Lancki, Nicola; Winter, Iris; Macaraig, Michelle] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Bhavnani, Darlene; Lancki, Nicola] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists Appl, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Macaraig, M (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, 42-09 28th St, New York, NY 11101 USA. EM mmacarai@health.nyc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [5U38HM000414-5] FX This study was supported in part by an appointment to the Applied Epidemiology Fellowship Program administered by the Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement No. 5U38HM000414-5. The authors thank the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Bureau of Tuberculosis staff involved in the case management of patients to ensure timely treatment completion; Jacinthe Thomas and Yelena Shuster for their help with data management; and Bianca Perri, Lisa Trieu, and Natalie Levy for their assistance with data interpretation. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-4659 EI 1550-5022 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP E11 EP E18 DI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000193 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD1TK UT WOS:000369704500002 PM 25551205 ER PT J AU Contreary, K Chen, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chang, MH AF Contreary, Kara Chen, Zhuo (Adam) Chattopadhyay, Sajal Chang, Man-Huei TI A Review of Tools to Calculate the Cost of Health Conditions and Common Health Risk Factors SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Review DE cost calculator; cost of illness; online tools; systematic review AB A cost calculator is a software tool that calculates the monetary cost associated with a disease, condition, or risk factor within a population group. We attempted to identify all available public health cost calculators using adapted systematic review methodology and performed a qualitative and a quantitative review on each included calculator. We first abstracted each calculator to ascertain its subject, target user, methodology, and output. We also developed a novel set of scoring criteria and evaluated each calculator for transparency and customizability. We found a wide variety of existing calculators in terms of subject area, target user, and analytic methodology. Furthermore, using our rating criteria, we found large differences in transparency with respect to the assumptions and parameter inputs driving results. C1 [Contreary, Kara; Chen, Zhuo (Adam); Chattopadhyay, Sajal; Chang, Man-Huei] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Contreary, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kcontreary@gmail.com OI Chen, Zhuo/0000-0002-5351-3489 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-4659 EI 1550-5022 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP E1 EP E10 DI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000200 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD1TK UT WOS:000369704500001 PM 25581273 ER PT J AU Meyer, PA Brusuelas, KM Baden, DJ Duncan, HL AF Meyer, Pamela A. Brusuelas, Kristin M. Baden, Daniel J. Duncan, Heather L. TI Practice Brief Report Training Public Health Advisors SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE public health advisor; public health training; public health worker ID WORKFORCE RESEARCH AB Federal public health advisors provide guidance and assistance to health departments to improve public health program work. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) prepares them with specialized training in administering public health programs. This article describes the evolving training and is based on internal CDC documents and interviews. The first federal public health advisors worked in health departments to assist with controlling syphilis after World War II. Over time, more CDC prevention programs hired them. To meet emerging needs, 3 major changes occurred: the Public Health Prevention Service, a fellowship program, in 1999; the Public Health Associate Program in 2007; and integration of those programs. Key components of the updated training are competency-based training, field experience, supervision, recruitment and retention, and stakeholder support. The enduring strength of the training has been the experience in a public health agency developing practical skills for program implementation and management. C1 [Meyer, Pamela A.; Brusuelas, Kristin M.; Baden, Daniel J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off State Tribal Local & Territorial Support, Field Serv Off, Century Ctr Bldg 1825,MS E70, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Duncan, Heather L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off State Tribal Local & Territorial Support, Publ Hlth Associate Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Meyer, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off State Tribal Local & Territorial Support, Field Serv Off, Century Ctr Bldg 1825,MS E70, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM pmeyer@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-4659 EI 1550-5022 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP E19 EP E22 DI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000214 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD1TK UT WOS:000369704500003 PM 25564995 ER PT J AU Landsbergis, PA Diez-Roux, AV Fujishiro, K Baron, S Kaufman, JD Meyer, JD Koutsouras, G Shimbo, D Shrager, S Stukovsky, KH Szklo, M AF Landsbergis, Paul A. Diez-Roux, Ana V. Fujishiro, Kaori Baron, Sherry Kaufman, Joel D. Meyer, John D. Koutsouras, George Shimbo, Daichi Shrager, Sandi Stukovsky, Karen Hinckley Szklo, Moyses TI Job Strain, Occupational Category, Systolic Blood Pressure, and Hypertension Prevalence The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; HEALTH INEQUALITIES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; ASSOCIATION; WORK; METAANALYSIS; STRESS; WOMEN; RISK AB Objective: To assess associations of occupational categories and job characteristics with prevalent hypertension. Methods: We analyzed 2517 MultiEthnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants, working 20+ hours per week, in 2002 to 2004. Results: Higher job decision latitude was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension, prevalence ratio similar to 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.66 to 0.91) for the top versus bottom quartile of job decision latitude. Associations, however, differed by occupation: decision latitude was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension in health care support occupations (interaction P = 0.02). Occupation modified associations of sex with hypertension: a higher prevalence of hypertension in women (vs men) was observed in health care support and in blue-collar occupations (interaction P = 0.03). Conclusions: Lower job decision latitude is associated with hypertension prevalence in many occupations. Further research is needed to determine reasons for differential impact of decision latitude and sex on hypertension across occupations. C1 [Landsbergis, Paul A.; Koutsouras, George] State Univ New York, Downstate Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Diez-Roux, Ana V.] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Fujishiro, Kaori] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Baron, Sherry] Queens Coll, Barry Commoner Ctr Hlth & Environm, New York, NY USA. [Kaufman, Joel D.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Meyer, John D.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. [Shimbo, Daichi] Columbia Univ, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. [Shrager, Sandi] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Szklo, Moyses] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Landsbergis, PA (reprint author), Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, MSC 43,450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. EM paul.landsbergis@downstate.edu RI Kaufman, Joel/B-5761-2008; OI Kaufman, Joel/0000-0003-4174-9037; Meyer, John/0000-0002-8436-5335 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95160, N01-HC-95161, N01-HC-95162, N01-HC-95163, N01-HC-95164, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, N01-HC-95169]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NORA) [FY08 CRN SLB8]; NIEHS [K24ES013195] FX MESA is supported by contracts N01-HC-95159 through N01-HC-95169 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Occupational coding was supported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NORA FY08 CRN SLB8). Joel Kaufman was supported by NIEHS (K24ES013195). NR 39 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1076-2752 EI 1536-5948 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1178 EP 1184 DI 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000533 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD0UN UT WOS:000369635600010 PM 26539765 ER PT J AU Kuno, G AF Kuno, Goro TI A Re-Examination of the History of Etiologic Confusion between Dengue and Chikungunya SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER AB Contrary to the perception of many researchers that the recent invasion of chikungunya (CHIK) in the Western Hemisphere marked the first episode in history, a recent publication reminded them that CHIK had prevailed in the West Indies and southern regions of the United States from 1827-1828 under the guise of "dengue" (DEN), and that many old outbreaks of so-called "dengue" actually represented the CHIK cases erroneously identified as "dengue." In hindsight, this confusion was unavoidable, given that the syndromes of the two diseases-transmitted by the same mosquito vector in urban areas-are very similar, and that specific laboratory-based diagnostic techniques for these diseases did not exist prior to 1940. While past reviewers reclassified problematic "dengue" outbreaks as CHIK, primarily based on manifestation of arthralgia as a marker of CHIK, they neither identified the root cause of the alleged misdiagnosis nor did they elaborate on the negative consequences derived from it. This article presents a reconstructed history of the genesis of the clinical definition of dengue by emphasizing problems with the definition, subsequent confusion with CHIK, and the ways in which physicians dealt with the variation in dengue-like ("dengue") syndromes. Then, the article identifies in those records several factors complicating reclassification, based on current practice and standards. These factors include terms used for characterizing joint problems, style of documenting outbreak data, frequency of manifestation of arthralgia, possible involvement of more than one agent, and occurrence of the principal vector. The analysis of those factors reveals that while some of the old "dengue" outbreaks, including the 1827-1828 outbreaks in the Americas, are compatible with CHIK, similar reclassification of other " dengue" outbreaks to CHIK is difficult because of a combination of the absence of pathognomonic syndrome in these diseases and conflicting background information. C1 [Kuno, Goro] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM gykuno@gmail.com NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 9 IS 11 AR e0004101 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004101 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA DB2NA UT WOS:000368344400007 PM 26562299 ER PT J AU Wallace, RM Reses, H Franka, R Dilius, P Fenelon, N Orciari, L Etheart, M Destine, A Crowdis, K Blanton, JD Francisco, C Ludder, F Vilas, VD Haim, J Millien, M AF Wallace, Ryan M. Reses, Hannah Franka, Richard Dilius, Pierre Fenelon, Natael Orciari, Lillian Etheart, Melissa Destine, Apollon Crowdis, Kelly Blanton, Jesse D. Francisco, Calvin Ludder, Fleurinord Vilas, Victor Del Rio Haim, Joseph Millien, Max TI Establishment of a Canine Rabies Burden in Haiti through the Implementation of a Novel Surveillance Program SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AFRICA; ELIMINATION; PREVENTION; UPDATE AB The Republic of Haiti is one of only several countries in the Western Hemisphere in which canine rabies is still endemic. Estimation methods have predicted that 130 human deaths occur per year, yet existing surveillance mechanisms have detected few of these rabies cases. Likewise, canine rabies surveillance capacity has had only limited capacity, detecting only two rabid dogs per year, on average. In 2013, Haiti initiated a community-based animal rabies surveillance program comprised of two components: active community bite investigation and passive animal rabies investigation. From January 2013-December 2014, 778 rabies suspect animals were reported for investigation. Rabies was laboratory-confirmed in 70 animals (9%) and an additional 36 cases were identified based on clinical diagnosis (5%), representing an 18-fold increase in reporting of rabid animals compared to the three years before the program was implemented. Dogs were the most frequent rabid animal (90%). Testing and observation ruled out rabies in 61% of animals investigated. A total of 639 bite victims were reported to the program and an additional 364 bite victims who had not sought medical care were identified during the course of investigations. Only 31% of people with likely rabies exposures had initiated rabies post-exposure prophylaxis prior to the investigation. Rabies is a neglected disease in-part due to a lack of surveillance and understanding about the burden. The surveillance methods employed by this program established a much higher burden of canine rabies in Haiti than previously recognized. The active, community-based bite investigations identified numerous additional rabies exposures and bite victims were referred for appropriate medical care, averting potential human rabies deaths. The use of community-based rabies surveillance programs such as HARSP should be considered in canine rabies endemic countries. C1 [Wallace, Ryan M.; Reses, Hannah; Franka, Richard; Orciari, Lillian; Blanton, Jesse D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Dilius, Pierre; Francisco, Calvin; Ludder, Fleurinord; Haim, Joseph; Millien, Max] Minist Agr Resources Nat & Dev Rural, Dept Anim Hlth, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Fenelon, Natael; Destine, Apollon] Minist Sante Publ & Populat, Dept Epidemiol & Lab Res, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Etheart, Melissa] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Haiti Off, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Crowdis, Kelly] Christian Vet Mission, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Vilas, Victor Del Rio] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Pan Amer Foot & Mouth Dis Ctr, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Wallace, RM (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM euk5@cdc.gov FU Haiti Animal Rabies Surveillance System FX The authors would like to acknowledge the many people who played integral roles in the development and support of the Haiti Animal Rabies Surveillance System:; Inger Damon, Mary Reynolds, Darin Carroll, Pam Yager, Ashutosh Wadhwa, James Ellison, Terquana Sanders, Jessie Dyer, Elsie Simmons, Sergio Recuenco, Michael Niezgoda, Brian Wheeler, Kitty Middleton, Roopal Patel, David Lowrance, Zara Ahmed, Rob Burris, the US Embassy Carpool and Stephanie Salyer-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Joceline Pierre-Louis, Jacques Boncy, Paul Adrien-Ministere de la Sante Publique et de la Population; Marco Vigilato and Jean Marie Rwangabwoba-Pan American Health Association. Rony Lafontant-Humane Society International. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 9 IS 11 AR e0004245 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004245 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA DB2NA UT WOS:000368344400046 PM 26600437 ER PT J AU Quick, H Holan, SH Wikle, CK Reiter, JP AF Quick, Harrison Holan, Scott H. Wikle, Christopher K. Reiter, Jerome P. TI Bayesian marked point process modeling for generating fully synthetic public use data with point-referenced geography SO SPATIAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Dimension reduction; Disclosure; Marked point processes; Multiple imputation; Privacy; Predictive process ID MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; DISCLOSURE CONTROL; CONFIDENTIALITY; MICRODATA AB Many data stewards collect confidential data that include fine geography. When sharing these data with others, data stewards strive to disseminate data that are informative for a wide range of spatial and non-spatial analyses while simultaneously protecting the confidentiality of data subjects' identities and attributes. Typically, data stewards meet this challenge by coarsening the resolution of the released geography and, as needed, perturbing the confidential attributes. When done with high intensity, these redaction strategies can result in released data with poor analytic quality. We propose an alternative dissemination approach based on fully synthetic data. We generate data using marked point process models that can maintain both the statistical properties and the spatial dependence structure of the confidential data. We illustrate the approach using data consisting of mortality records from Durham, North Carolina. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Quick, Harrison] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Holan, Scott H.; Wikle, Christopher K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Reiter, Jerome P.] Duke Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Quick, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM HQuick@cdc.gov FU US National Science Foundation (NSF); US Census Bureau under NSF through the NSF-Census Research Network (NCRN) program [SES-1132031, SES-1131897] FX This research was partially supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the US Census Bureau under NSF grants SES-1132031 and SES-1131897, funded through the NSF-Census Research Network (NCRN) program. Dr. Quick's participation in the completion of this work was conducted outside of his official duties at the CDC. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2211-6753 J9 SPAT STAT-NETH JI Spat. Stat. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 14 BP 439 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.spasta.2015.07.008 PN C PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Geology; Mathematics; Remote Sensing GA DC0ND UT WOS:000368913400013 ER PT J AU Pyra, M Heffron, R Mugo, NR Nanda, K Thomas, KK Celum, C Kourtis, AP Were, E Rees, H Bukusi, E Baeten, JM AF Pyra, Maria Heffron, Renee Mugo, Nelly R. Nanda, Kavita Thomas, Katherine K. Celum, Connie Kourtis, Athena P. Were, Edwin Rees, Helen Bukusi, Elizabeth Baeten, Jared M. CA Partners Prevention HSV HIV Transm Partners PrEP Study Team TI Effectiveness of hormonal contraception in HIV-infected women using antiretroviral therapy SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral agents; hormonal contraception; women ID DEPOT MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; COMBINED ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; POSITIVE WOMEN; EFAVIRENZ; PHARMACOKINETICS; NEVIRAPINE; ETONOGESTREL; IMPLANT; FAILURE; PHARMACODYNAMICS AB Objective:The objective of this study is to assess whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) may diminish the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptive methods.Methods:Using data from 5153 HIV-infected women followed prospectively for 1-3 years in three HIV prevention studies in Africa, we compared incident pregnancy rates by contraceptive method (implant, injectable, oral or none) and ART use. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to determine adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and test interactions between each method and ART use.Results:During follow-up, 9% of women ever used implants, 40% used injectables and 14% used oral contraceptives; 31% of women ever used ART, mostly nevirapine (75% of ART users) or efavirenz-based (15%). Among women not using contraception, pregnancy rates were 13.2 and 22.5 per 100 women-years for those on and not on ART, respectively. Implants greatly reduced the incidence of pregnancy among both women on ART [aHR 0.06, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.01-0.45] and not on ART (aHR 0.05, 95% CI 0.02-0.11). Injectables (aHR 0.18 on ART and aHR 0.20 not on ART) and oral contraceptives (aHR 0.37 on ART and aHR 0.36 not on ART) also reduced pregnancy risk, though by lesser degrees. ART use did not significantly diminish contraceptive effectiveness, although all methods showed nonstatistically significant reduced effectiveness when concurrently using efavirenz.Conclusion:Hormonal contraceptive methods are highly effective in reducing pregnancy risk in HIV-infected women, including those concurrently using ART. Studies of potential interactions between ART and contraceptives should evaluate real-world effectiveness of contraceptive methods; in this study, implants were the most effective method to prevent pregnancy, even during ART use. C1 [Pyra, Maria; Heffron, Renee; Thomas, Katherine K.; Celum, Connie; Baeten, Jared M.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Pyra, Maria; Heffron, Renee; Mugo, Nelly R.; Celum, Connie; Baeten, Jared M.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Celum, Connie; Baeten, Jared M.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Mugo, Nelly R.] Univ Nairobi, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mugo, Nelly R.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Sexual Reprod Adolescent & Child Hlth Res Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Nanda, Kavita] FHI 360, Contracept Technol Innovat Dept, Durham, NC USA. [Kourtis, Athena P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Were, Edwin] Moi Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth, Eldoret, Kenya. [Rees, Helen] Univ Witwatersrand, Wits Reprod Hlth & HIV Inst WRHI, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Bukusi, Elizabeth] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Microbiol Res, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Baeten, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, 325 Ninth Ave,Box 359927, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM jbaeten@uw.edu OI Donnell, Deborah/0000-0002-0587-7480 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U48 DP 005013 SIP 14-023]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development of the US National Institutes of Health [R21 HD074439]; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1056051, 26469, 41185] FX The sources of support included Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research Center supported by Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U48 DP 005013 SIP 14-023), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development of the US National Institutes of Health (R21 HD074439) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1056051, 26469, and 41185). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC, NIH or the United States Government. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 2015 VL 29 IS 17 BP 2353 EP 2359 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000827 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA DB4BM UT WOS:000368457700001 PM 26544706 ER PT J AU West, BT Beer, L Gremel, GW Weiser, J Johnson, CH Garg, S Skarbinski, J AF West, Brady T. Beer, Linda Gremel, Garrett W. Weiser, John Johnson, Christopher H. Garg, Shikha Skarbinski, Jacek TI Weighted Multilevel Models: A Case Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMPLEX SURVEY DATA AB Recent advances in statistical software(1) have enabled public health researchers to fit multilevel models to a variety of outcome variables. Multilevel models facilitate inferences regarding unexplained variability among randomly sampled clusters of units (e.g., hospitals) in outcomes of interest and identify covariates that explain the variance in a given outcome at each level of a particular data hierarchy (e.g., patients within hospitals).(2,3) Models with random intercepts enable researchers to accommodate correlations within higher-level units resulting from longitudinal or clustered study designs, and models with random coefficients enable researchers to identify higher-level covariates that explain between-cluster variance in relationships of interest.(2,3) C1 [West, Brady T.] Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Survey Res Ctr, Survey Methodol Program, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Beer, Linda; Weiser, John; Johnson, Christopher H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gremel, Garrett W.] Altarum Inst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Garg, Shikha] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP West, BT (reprint author), 4118 Inst Social Res,426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. EM bwest@umich.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2015 VL 105 IS 11 BP 2214 EP 2215 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302842 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB2KJ UT WOS:000368336700023 PM 26378830 ER PT J AU Walters, MS Sreenivasan, N Person, B Shew, M Wheeler, D Hall, J Bogdanow, L Leniek, K Rao, A AF Walters, Maroya Spalding Sreenivasan, Nandini Person, Bobbie Shew, Mark Wheeler, Daniel Hall, Julia Bogdanow, Linda Leniek, Karyn Rao, Agam TI A Qualitative Inquiry About Pruno, an Illicit Alcoholic Beverage Linked to Botulism Outbreaks in United States Prisons SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POTATO AB Objectives. Since 2011, 3 outbreaks of botulism in US prisons have been attributed to pruno, which is an alcoholic beverage made by inmates. Following 1 outbreak, we conducted a qualitative inquiry to understand pruno brewing and its social context to inform outbreak prevention measures. Methods. We interviewed staff, inmates, and parolees from 1 prison about pruno production methods, the social aspects of pruno, and strategies for communicating the association between botulism and pruno. Results. Twenty-seven inmates and parolees and 13 staff completed interviews. Pruno is fermented from water, fruit, sugar, and miscellaneous ingredients. Knowledge of pruno making was widespread among inmates; staff were familiar with only the most common ingredients and supplies inmates described. Staff and inmates described inconsistent consequences for pruno possession and suggested using graphic health messages from organizations external to the prison to communicate the risk of botulism from pruno. Conclusions. Pruno making was frequent in this prison. Improved staff recognition of pruno ingredients and supplies might improve detection of brewing activities in this and other prisons. Consistent consequences and clear messages about the association between pruno and botulism might prevent outbreaks. C1 [Walters, Maroya Spalding; Sreenivasan, Nandini; Shew, Mark; Wheeler, Daniel; Rao, Agam] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Walters, Maroya Spalding; Sreenivasan, Nandini] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Person, Bobbie] Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Diseases, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hall, Julia; Leniek, Karyn] Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Bogdanow, Linda] Salt Lake Cty Hlth Dept, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Walters, MS (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MSWalters@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2015 VL 105 IS 11 BP 2256 EP 2261 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302774 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB2KJ UT WOS:000368336700031 PM 26378846 ER PT J AU Seth, P Wang, GS Sizemore, E Hogben, M AF Seth, Puja Wang, Guoshen Sizemore, Erin Hogben, Matthew TI HIV Testing and HIV Service Delivery to Populations at High Risk Attending Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics in the United States, 2011-2013 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DIAGNOSED HIV; CARE; PREVENTION; INFECTION; CONTINUUM; PROGRESS; LINKAGE; MEN; SEX AB Objectives. We evaluated HIV testing and service delivery in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-funded sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. Methods. We assessed HIV testing, HIV positivity, receipt of HIV test results, linkage to medical care, and referral services from 61 health department jurisdictions from 2011 to 2013. Results. In 2013, 18.6% (621 010) of all CDC-funded HIV-testing events were conducted in STD clinics, and 0.8% were newly identified as HIV-positive. In addition, 27.3% of all newly identified HIV-positive persons and 30.1% of all newly identified HIV-positive men who have sex with men were identified in STD clinics. Linkage to care within any time frame was 63.8%, and linkage within 90 days was 55.3%. Although there was a decrease in first-time HIV testers in STD clinics from 2011 to 2013, identification of new positives increased. Conclusions. Although linkage to care and referral to partner services could be improved, STD clinics appear successful at serving populations disproportionately affected by HIV. These clinics may reach persons who may not otherwise seek HIV testing or medical services and provide an avenue for service provision to these populations. C1 [Seth, Puja; Wang, Guoshen; Sizemore, Erin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hogben, Matthew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Seth, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pseth@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2015 VL 105 IS 11 BP 2374 EP 2381 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302778 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB2KJ UT WOS:000368336700050 PM 26378854 ER PT J AU Hoover, KW Parsell, BW Leichliter, JS Habel, MA Tao, GY Pearson, WS Gift, TL AF Hoover, Karen W. Parsell, Bradley W. Leichliter, Jami S. Habel, Melissa A. Tao, Guoyu Pearson, William S. Gift, Thomas L. TI Continuing Need for Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics After the Affordable Care Act SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MANAGED CARE; INSURANCE; SERVICES; WOMEN; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; REFORM; MEN AB Objectives. We assessed the characteristics of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients, their reasons for seeking health services in STD clinics, and their access to health care in other venues. Methods. In 2013, we surveyed persons who used publicly funded STD clinics in 21 US cities with the highest STD morbidity. Results. Of the 4364 STD clinic patients we surveyed, 58.5% were younger than 30 years, 72.5% were non-White, and 49.9% were uninsured. They visited the clinic for STD symptoms (18.9%), STD screening (33.8%), and HIV testing (13.6%). Patients chose STD clinics because of walk-in, same-day appointments (49.5%), low cost (23.9%), and expert care (8.3%). Among STD clinic patients, 60.4% had access to another type of venue for sick care, and 58.5% had access to another type of venue for preventive care. Most insured patients (51.6%) were willing to use insurance to pay for care at the STD clinic. Conclusions. Despite access to other health care settings, patients chose STD clinics for sexual health care because of convenient, low-cost, and expert care. Policy Implication. STD clinics play an important role in STD prevention by offering walk-in care to uninsured patients. C1 [Hoover, Karen W.; Leichliter, Jami S.; Habel, Melissa A.; Tao, Guoyu; Pearson, William S.; Gift, Thomas L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Parsell, Bradley W.] Univ Chicago, Natl Opin Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Hoover, KW (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E45, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM khoover@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2015 VL 105 SU 5 BP S690 EP S695 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302839 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB2KL UT WOS:000368337000013 PM 26447908 ER PT J AU Espinel-Ingroff, A Alvarez-Fernandez, M Canton, E Carver, PL Chen, SCA Eschenauer, G Getsinger, DL Gonzalez, GM Govender, NP Grancini, A Hanson, KE Kidd, SE Klinker, K Kubin, CJ Kus, JV Lockhart, SR Meletiadis, J Morris, AJ Pelaez, T Quindos, G Rodriguez-Iglesias, M Sanchez-Reus, F Shoham, S Wengenack, NL Sole, NB Echeverria, J Esperalba, J de la Pedrosa, EGG Garcia, IG Linares, MJ Marco, F Merino, P Peman, J del Molino, LP Mayans, ER Calvo, CR de Pipaon, MRP Yague, G Garcia-Effron, G Guinea, J Perlin, DS Sanguinetti, M Shields, R Turnidge, J AF Espinel-Ingroff, A. Alvarez-Fernandez, M. Canton, E. Carver, P. L. Chen, S. C. -A. Eschenauer, G. Getsinger, D. L. Gonzalez, G. M. Govender, N. P. Grancini, A. Hanson, K. E. Kidd, S. E. Klinker, K. Kubin, C. J. Kus, J. V. Lockhart, S. R. Meletiadis, J. Morris, A. J. Pelaez, T. Quindos, G. Rodriguez-Iglesias, M. Sanchez-Reus, F. Shoham, S. Wengenack, N. L. Borrell Sole, N. Echeverria, J. Esperalba, J. Gomez-G de la Pedrosa, E. Garcia Garcia, I. Linares, M. J. Marco, F. Merino, P. Peman, J. Perez del Molino, L. Rosello Mayans, E. Rubio Calvo, C. Ruiz Perez de Pipaon, M. Yaguee, G. Garcia-Effron, G. Guinea, J. Perlin, D. S. Sanguinetti, M. Shields, R. Turnidge, J. TI Multicenter Study of Epidemiological Cutoff Values and Detection of Resistance in Candida spp. to Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, and Micafungin Using the Sensititre YeastOne Colorimetric Method SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATIONS; BROTH MICRODILUTION METHOD; ECHINOCANDIN RESISTANCE; MIC DISTRIBUTIONS; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; AMPHOTERICIN-B; FKS MUTATIONS; FUNGEMIA; OUTCOMES; CLSI AB Neither breakpoints (BPs) nor epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) have been established for Candida spp. with anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin when using the Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) broth dilution colorimetric method. In addition, reference caspofungin MICs have so far proven to be unreliable. Candida species wild-type (WT) MIC distributions (for microorganisms in a species/drug combination with no detectable phenotypic resistance) were established for 6,007 Candida albicans, 186 C. dubliniensis, 3,188 C. glabrata complex, 119 C. guilliermondii, 493 C. krusei, 205 C. lusitaniae, 3,136 C. parapsilosis complex, and 1,016 C. tropicalis isolates. SYO MIC data gathered from 38 laboratories in Australia, Canada, Europe, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States were pooled to statistically define SYO ECVs. ECVs for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin encompassing >= 97.5% of the statistically modeled population were, respectively, 0.12, 0.25, and 0.06 mu g/ml for C. albicans, 0.12, 0.25, and 0.03 mu g/ml for C. glabrata complex, 4, 2, and 4 mu g/ml for C. parapsilosis complex, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.06 mu g/ml for C. tropicalis, 0.25, 1, and 0.25 mu g/ml for C. krusei, 0.25, 1, and 0.12 mu g/ml for C. lusitaniae, 4, 2, and 2 mu g/ml for C. guilliermondii, and 0.25, 0.25, and 0.12 mu g/ml for C. dubliniensis. Species-specific SYO ECVs for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin correctly classified 72 (88.9%), 74 (91.4%), 76 (93.8%), respectively, of 81 Candida isolates with identified fks mutations. SYO ECVs may aid in detecting non-WT isolates with reduced susceptibility to anidulafungin, micafungin, and especially caspofungin, since testing the susceptibilities of Candida spp. to caspofungin by reference methodologies is not recommended. C1 [Espinel-Ingroff, A.] VCU Med Ctr, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Alvarez-Fernandez, M.] Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Serv Microbiol, Oviedo, Spain. [Canton, E.] Unidad Microbiol Ctr Invest, Valencia, Spain. [Carver, P. L.; Eschenauer, G.] Univ Michigan, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin Social & Adm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Carver, P. L.; Eschenauer, G.] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Chen, S. C. -A.] Westmead Hosp, Inst Clin Pathol & Med Res, Lab Serv, Ctr Infect Dis & Microbiol, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. [Eschenauer, G.; Shields, R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Getsinger, D. L.] Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Hosp & Clin, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Gonzalez, G. M.] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. [Govender, N. P.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Govender, N. P.] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Grancini, A.] Fdn IRCCS Osped Maggiore Policlin, Microbiol Lab, Milan, Italy. [Hanson, K. E.] Univ Utah, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Kidd, S. E.] SA Pathol, Natl Mycol Reference Ctr, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Klinker, K.] UF Hlth Shands Hosp, Dept Pharm, Gainesville, FL USA. [Kubin, C. J.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Dept Pharm, New York, NY USA. [Kus, J. V.] Publ Hlth Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Lockhart, S. R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Meletiadis, J.] Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Morris, A. J.] Auckland City Hosp, Clin Microbiol Lab, Auckland, New Zealand. [Pelaez, T.; Guinea, J.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, Fac Med, Madrid, Spain. [Quindos, G.] Univ Pais Vasco Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UFI 11 25, Bilbao, Spain. [Rodriguez-Iglesias, M.] Hosp Univ Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain. [Sanchez-Reus, F.] Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Serv Microbiol, Barcelona, Spain. [Shoham, S.] Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Wengenack, N. L.] Mayo Clin, Div Clin Microbiol, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Rochester, MN USA. [Borrell Sole, N.] Hosp Univ Son Dureta, Palma De Mallorca, Spain. [Echeverria, J.] Hosp Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain. [Esperalba, J.] Hosp Univ Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain. [Gomez-G de la Pedrosa, E.] Hosp Univ Ramon & Cajal, Madrid, Spain. [Garcia Garcia, I.] Hosp Univ Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. [Linares, M. J.] Univ Cordoba, Fac Med, Hosp Gen Univ Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain. [Marco, F.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Microbiol, Barcelona Ctr Int Hlth Res, ISGlobal,Hosp Clin, Barcelona, Spain. [Merino, P.] Hosp Clin Univ San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. [Peman, J.] Hosp Univ La Fe, Valencia, Spain. [Perez del Molino, L.] Complejo Hosp Univ Santiago, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Rosello Mayans, E.] Hosp Univ Valle Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. [Rubio Calvo, C.] Hosp Clin Univ Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain. [Ruiz Perez de Pipaon, M.] Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain. [Yaguee, G.] Hosp Univ Virgen De La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. [Garcia-Effron, G.] Univ Nacl Litoral, Mycol & Mol Diag Lab, CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Perlin, D. S.] New Jersey Med Sch Rutgers, Publ Hlth Res Inst, Newark, NJ USA. [Sanguinetti, M.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Microbiol, Rome, Italy. [Sanguinetti, M.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Hyg, Rome, Italy. [Turnidge, J.] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Espinel-Ingroff, A (reprint author), VCU Med Ctr, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM avingrof@vcu.edu RI Quindos, Guillermo/I-2577-2015; IBIS, TUBERCULOSIS/O-9334-2015; OI Quindos, Guillermo/0000-0003-0438-2248; Govender, Nelesh/0000-0001-7869-9462; Sanguinetti, Maurizio/0000-0002-9780-7059; Esperalba, Juliana/0000-0003-1326-1341; Peman, Javier/0000-0003-3222-5653; Guinea Ortega, Jesus Vicente/0000-0002-7901-8355 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K08 AI114883, R01 AI109025] NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 EI 1098-6596 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 59 IS 11 BP 6725 EP 6732 DI 10.1128/AAC.01250-15 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA DB0ZR UT WOS:000368238100007 PM 26282428 ER PT J AU Hardnett, FP Rose, CE AF Hardnett, Felicia P. Rose, Charles E. TI Measuring the potential role of frailty in apparent declining efficacy of HIV interventions SO HIV CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE HIV; HIV intervention trial; HIV vaccine; HIV prevention; Frailty ID ADHERENCE; TRIALS AB Objective: In recent HIV intervention trials, intervention efficacies appear to decline over time. Researchers have attributed this to "waning,'' or a loss of intervention efficacy. Another possible reason is heterogeneity in infection risk or "frailty.'' We propose an approach to assessing the impact of frailty and waning on measures of intervention efficacy and statistical power in randomized-controlled trials. Methods: Using multiplicative risk reduction, we developed a mathematical formulation for computing disease incidence and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) as a function of frailty and waning. We designed study scenarios, which held study-related factors constant, varied waning and frailty parameters and measured the change in disease incidence, IRR, and statistical power. Results: We found that frailty alone can impact disease incidence over time. However, frailty has minimal impact on the IRR. The factor that has the greatest influence on the IRR is intervention efficacy and the degree to which it is projected to wane. We also found that even moderate waning can cause an unacceptable decrease in statistical power while the impact of frailty on statistical power is minimal. Discussion: We conclude that frailty has minimal impact on trial results relative to intervention efficacy. Study resources would, therefore, be better spent on efforts to keep the intervention efficacy constant throughout the trial (e.g., enhancing the vaccine schedule or promoting treatment adherence). C1 [Hardnett, Felicia P.; Rose, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hardnett, FP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. EM fhardnett@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1528-4336 EI 1945-5771 J9 HIV CLIN TRIALS JI HIV Clin. Trials PD NOV PY 2015 VL 16 IS 6 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1179/1945577115Y.0000000008 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA DB7QM UT WOS:000368710700002 PM 26728574 ER PT J AU Iyengar, P von Mollendorf, C Tempia, S Moerdyk, A Valley-Omar, Z Hellferscee, O Martinson, N Chhagan, M McMorrow, M Gambhir, M Cauchemez, S Variava, E Masonoke, K Cohen, AL Cohen, C AF Iyengar, Preetha von Mollendorf, Claire Tempia, Stefano Moerdyk, Alexandra Valley-Omar, Ziyaad Hellferscee, Orienka Martinson, Neil Chhagan, Meera McMorrow, Meredith Gambhir, Manoj Cauchemez, Simon Variava, Ebrahim Masonoke, Katlego Cohen, Adam L. Cohen, Cheryl TI Case-ascertained study of household transmission of seasonal influenza - South Africa, 2013 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Secondary infection risk; Household transmission; Serial interval; South Africa ID A H1N1 VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objectives: The household is important in influenza transmission due to intensity of contact. Previous studies reported secondary attack rates (SAR) of 4-10% for laboratory-confirmed influenza in the household. Few have been conducted in middle-income countries. Methods: We performed a case-ascertained household transmission study during May-October 2013. Index cases were patients with influenza-like-illness (cough and self-reported or measured fever(>= 38 degrees C)) with onset in the last 3 days and no sick household contacts, at clinics in South Africa. Household contacts of index cases with laboratory-confirmed influenza were followed for 12 days. Results: Thirty index cases in 30 households and 107/110 (97%) eligible household contacts were enrolled. Assuming those not enrolled were influenza negative, 21/110 household contacts had laboratory-confirmed influenza (SAR 19%); the mean serial interval was 2.1 days (SD = 0.35, range 2-3 days). Most (62/82; 76%) household contacts who completed the risk factor questionnaire never avoided contact and 43/82 (52%) continued to share a bed with the index case after illness onset. Conclusion: SAR for laboratory-confirmed influenza in South Africa was higher than previously reported SARs. Household contacts did not report changing behaviors to prevent transmission. These results can be used to understand and predict influenza transmission in similar middle-income settings. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Infection Association. C1 [Iyengar, Preetha] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA USA. [Iyengar, Preetha] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Dis Detect Branch, Div Global Hlth Protect, Atlanta, GA USA. [Iyengar, Preetha; McMorrow, Meredith; Cohen, Adam L.] US PHS, Rockville, MD USA. [von Mollendorf, Claire; Moerdyk, Alexandra; Valley-Omar, Ziyaad; Hellferscee, Orienka; Cohen, Cheryl] Ctr Resp Dis & Meningitis, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, ZA-2193 Johannesburg, South Africa. [von Mollendorf, Claire; Cohen, Cheryl] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Tempia, Stefano; Cohen, Adam L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent South Africa, Influenza Program, Pretoria, South Africa. [Tempia, Stefano; McMorrow, Meredith; Cohen, Adam L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martinson, Neil; Masonoke, Katlego] Johns Hopkins Univ, Univ Witwatersrand, Ctr TB Res, Perinatal HIV Res Unit, Baltimore, MD USA. [Chhagan, Meera] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Dept Pediat, Durban, South Africa. [Gambhir, Manoj] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Modeling Unit, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gambhir, Manoj] Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Epidemiol Modelling Unit, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Cauchemez, Simon] Inst Pasteur, Math Modelling Infect Dis Unit, Paris, France. [Variava, Ebrahim] Klerksdorp Tshepong Hosp Complex, Dept Med, Klerksdorp, South Africa. [Variava, Ebrahim] Univ Witwatersrand, Corner Tambo & John Orr St, Klerksdorp, South Africa. RP Iyengar, P (reprint author), Save Children, 2000 L St NW Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM piyengar@gmail.com; cherylc@nicd.ac.za FU United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia [5U19GH000622, 5U51IP000528] FX We'd like to thank Ben Cowling, Sibongile Walaza, and Marietjie Venter for their contributions and guidance during the protocol development of this study. This work was supported by funds from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia; cooperative agreement 5U19GH000622 and 5U51IP000528. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0163-4453 EI 1532-2742 J9 J INFECTION JI J. Infect. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 71 IS 5 BP 578 EP 586 DI 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.09.001 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DB4JQ UT WOS:000368479700010 PM 26366941 ER PT J AU Benjamin, SM Wang, J Geiss, LS Thompson, TJ Gregg, EW AF Benjamin, Stephanie M. Wang, Jing Geiss, Linda S. Thompson, Theodore J. Gregg, Edward W. TI The Impact of Repeat Hospitalizations on Hospitalization Rates for Selected Conditions Among Adults With and Without Diabetes, 12 US States, 2011 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HEART-FAILURE; READMISSION AB Introduction Hospitalization data typically cannot be used to estimate the number of individuals hospitalized annually because individuals are not tracked over time and may be hospitalized multiple times annually. We examined the impact of repeat hospitalizations on hospitalization rates for various conditions and on comparison of rates by diabetes status. Methods We analyzed hospitalization data for which repeat hospitalizations could be distinguished among adults aged 18 or older from 12 states using the 2011 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's State Inpatient Databases. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to estimate the number of adults with and without diagnosed diabetes in each state (denominator). We calculated percentage increases due to repeat hospitalizations in rates and compared the ratio of diabetes with non-diabetes rates while excluding and including repeat hospitalizations. Results Regardless of diabetes status, hospitalization rates were considerably higher when repeat hospitalizations within a calendar year were included. The magnitude of the differences varied by condition. Among adults with diabetes, rates ranged from 13.0% higher for stroke to 41.6% higher for heart failure; for adults without diabetes, these rates ranged from 9.5% higher for stroke to 25.2% higher for heart failure. Ratios of diabetes versus non-diabetes rates were similar with and without repeat hospitalizations. Conclusion Hospitalization rates that include repeat hospitalizations overestimate rates in individuals, and this overestimation is especially pronounced for some causes. However, the inclusion of repeat hospitalizations for common diabetes-related causes had little impact on rates by diabetes status. C1 [Benjamin, Stephanie M.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Hlth Sci, 18111 Nordhoff St, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Wang, Jing; Geiss, Linda S.; Thompson, Theodore J.; Gregg, Edward W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Benjamin, SM (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Hlth Sci, 18111 Nordhoff St, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM stephanie.benjamin@csun.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 12 AR 150274 DI 10.5888/pcd12.150274 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB7AA UT WOS:000368665600013 ER PT J AU Davis, KC Alexander, RL Shafer, P Mann, N Malarcher, A Zhang, L AF Davis, Kevin C. Alexander, Robert L., Jr. Shafer, Paul Mann, Nathan Malarcher, Ann Zhang, Lei TI The Dose-Response Relationship Between Tobacco Education Advertising and Calls to Quitlines in the United States, March-June, 2012 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MASS-MEDIA CAMPAIGN; SMOKING-CESSATION; GENERATING CALLS; TELEVISION; SERVICE; ADVERTISEMENTS; PROGRAM; QUIT; LINE AB Introduction We estimated changes in call volume in the United States in response to increases in advertising doses of the Tips From Former Smokers (Tips) campaign, the first federal national tobacco education campaign, which aired for 12 weeks from March 19 to June 10, 2012. We also measured the effectiveness of ad taglines that promoted calls directly with a quitline number (1-800-QUITNOW) and indirectly with a cessation help website (Smokefree.gov). Methods Multivariate regressions estimated the weekly number of calls to 1-800-QUIT-NOW by area code as a function of weekly market-level gross rating points (GRPs) from CDC's Tips campaign in 2012. The number of quitline calls attributable solely to Tips was predicted. Results For quitline-tagged ads, an additional 100 television GRPs per week was associated with an increase of 89 calls per week in a typical area code in the United States (P <.001). The same unit increase in advertising GRPs for ads tagged with Smokefree. gov was associated with an increase of 29 calls per week in any given area code (P <.001). We estimated that the Tips campaign was responsible for more than 170,000 additional calls to 1-800-QUITNOW during the campaign and that it would have generated approximately 140,000 additional calls if all ads were tagged with 1-800-QUIT-NOW. Conclusion For campaign planners, these results make it possible to estimate 1) the likely impact of tobacco prevention media buys and 2) the additional quitline capacity needed at the national level should future campaigns of similar scale use 1-800-QUIT-NOW taglines exclusively. C1 [Davis, Kevin C.; Shafer, Paul; Mann, Nathan] RTI Int, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Alexander, Robert L., Jr.; Malarcher, Ann; Zhang, Lei] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, KC (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kcdavis@rti.org FU CDC's Office on Smoking and Health FX This study was supported by CDC's Office on Smoking and Health. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC or RTI International. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 12 AR 150157 DI 10.5888/pcd12.150157 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB7AA UT WOS:000368665600004 ER PT J AU Dudovitz, RN Chung, PJ Elliott, MN Davies, SL Tortolero, S Baumler, E Banspach, SW Schuster, MA AF Dudovitz, Rebecca N. Chung, Paul J. Elliott, Marc N. Davies, Susan L. Tortolero, Susan Baumler, Elizabeth Banspach, Stephen W. Schuster, Mark A. TI Relationship of Age for Grade and Pubertal Stage to Early Initiation of Substance Use SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INCREASED DRUG-USE; OLD-FOR-GRADE; ADOLESCENTS; OUTCOMES; HEALTH; RETENTION AB Introduction Studies suggest students who are substantially older than the average age for their grade engage in risky health behaviors, including substance use. However, most studies do not account for the distinct reasons why students are old for their grade (ie, grade retention vs delayed school entry) or for their pubertal stage. Thus, whether the association between age for grade and substance use is confounded by these factors is unknown. We sought to determine whether age, grade, or pubertal stage were associated with early substance use. Methods Cross-sectional Healthy Passages Wave I survey data from 5,147 fifth graders and their caregivers in Alabama, California, and Texas from 2004 through 2006 were analyzed in 2014. Logistic regressions examined whether older age for grade, grade retention, delayed school entry, or pubertal stage were associated with use of any substance, cigarettes, alcohol, or other drugs. Results Seventeen percent of fifth graders reported trying at least 1 substance. Among boys, advanced pubertal stage was associated with increased odds of cigarette, alcohol, or other drug use, whereas delayed school entry was associated with lower odds of any substance, alcohol, or other drug use. Among girls, advanced pubertal stage was associated only with higher odds of alcohol use, and delayed school entry was not associated with substance use. Neither older age for grade or grade retention was independently associated with substance use after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusion Advanced pubertal stage may be a more important risk factor for substance use than age for grade. Pediatricians should consider initiating substance use screening earlier for patients with advanced pubertal stage. C1 [Dudovitz, Rebecca N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 10833 Le Conte Ave,12-358 CHS,MC 175217, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Chung, Paul J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave,12-358 CHS,MC 175217, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Chung, Paul J.; Elliott, Marc N.] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Davies, Susan L.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Tortolero, Susan; Baumler, Elizabeth] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Banspach, Stephen W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Banspach, Stephen W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schuster, Mark A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA USA. RP Dudovitz, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 10833 Le Conte Ave,12-358 CHS,MC 175217, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rdudovitz@mednet.ucla.edu FU Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CCU409679, CCU609653, CCU915773, U48DP000046, U48DP000057, U48DP000056, U19DP002663, U19DP002664, U19DP002665] FX This study was supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program and by cooperative agreements (CCU409679, CCU609653, CCU915773, U48DP000046, U48DP000057, U48DP000056, U19DP002663, U19DP002664, and U19DP002665) with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program had no role in study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the report; or the decision to submit the report for publication. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 12 AR 150234 DI 10.5888/pcd12.150234 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB7AA UT WOS:000368665600016 ER PT J AU Fielding, JE Rimer, BK Johnson, RL Orleans, CT Calonge, N Clymer, JM Glanz, K Goetzel, RZ Green, LW Ramirez, G Pronk, NP AF Fielding, Jonathan E. Rimer, Barbara K. Johnson, Robert L. Orleans, C. Tracy Calonge, Ned Clymer, John M. Glanz, Karen Goetzel, Ron Z. Green, Lawrence W. Ramirez, Gilbert Pronk, Nicolaas P. CA Community Preventive Serv TI Recommendation to Reduce Patients' Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Medication Costs SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 [Fielding, Jonathan E.] Ctr Dis Control, Community Guide Branch, Div Publ Hlth Informat Disseminat, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Fielding, Jonathan E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Rimer, Barbara K.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Johnson, Robert L.] Rutgers State Univ, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Orleans, C. Tracy] Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Calonge, Ned] Colorado Trust, Denver, CO USA. [Clymer, John M.] Natl Forum Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Washington, DC USA. [Glanz, Karen] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Goetzel, Ron Z.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Green, Lawrence W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Ramirez, Gilbert] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Pronk, Nicolaas P.] HealthPartners Inst Educ & Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Fielding, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Community Guide Branch, Div Publ Hlth Informat Disseminat, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM dhh4@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 12 AR 150253 DI 10.5888/pcd12.150253 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB7AA UT WOS:000368665600022 ER PT J AU Gonzales, KR Largo, TW Miller, C Kanny, D Brewer, RD AF Gonzales, Katherine R. Largo, Thomas W. Miller, Corinne Kanny, Dafna Brewer, Robert D. TI Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages and Liquor Consumption by Michigan High School Students, 2011 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY DRINK CONSUMPTION; BINGE DRINKING; RISK BEHAVIORS; YOUTH; EXPOSURE; CONSEQUENCES; INTOXICATION; PREFERENCES; PREVALENCE; IMPACT AB Introduction Excessive alcohol consumption was responsible for approximately 4,300 annual deaths in the United States among people younger than 21 from 2006 through 2010. Underage drinking cost the United States $ 24.6 billion in 2006. Previous studies have shown that liquor is the most common type of alcohol consumed by high school students. However, little is known about the types of liquor consumed by youth or about the mixing of alcohol with energy drinks. Methods The 2011 Michigan Youth Tobacco Survey was used to assess usual alcohol beverage consumption and liquor consumption and the mixing of alcohol with energy drinks by Michigan high school students. Beverage preferences were analyzed by demographic characteristics and drinking patterns. Results Overall, 34.2% of Michigan high school students consumed alcohol in the past month, and 20.8% reported binge drinking. Among current drinkers, liquor was the most common type of alcohol consumed (51.2%), and vodka was the most prevalent type of liquor consumed by those who drank liquor (53.0%). The prevalence of liquor consumption was similar among binge drinkers and nonbinge drinkers, but binge drinkers who drank liquor were significantly more likely than nonbinge drinkers to consume vodka and to mix alcohol with energy drinks (49.0% vs 18.2%, respectively). Conclusions Liquor is the most common type of alcoholic beverage consumed by Michigan high school students; vodka is the most common type of liquor consumed. Mixing alcohol and energy drinks is common, particularly among binge drinkers. Community Guide strategies for reducing excessive drinking (eg, increasing alcohol taxes) can reduce underage drinking. C1 [Kanny, Dafna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-78, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gonzales, Katherine R.; Largo, Thomas W.; Miller, Corinne] Michigan Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bur Dis Control Prevent & Epidemiol, Lansing, MI USA. [Brewer, Robert D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alcohol Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Populat Hlth,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlt, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kanny, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-78, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dkanny@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 12 AR 150290 DI 10.5888/pcd12.150290 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB7AA UT WOS:000368665600007 ER PT J AU Njie, GJ Finnie, RKC Acharya, SD Jacob, V Proia, KK Hopkins, DP Pronk, NP Goetzel, RZ Kottke, TE Rask, KJ Lackland, DT Braun, LT AF Njie, Gibril J. Finnie, Ramona K. C. Acharya, Sushama D. Jacob, Verughese Proia, Krista K. Hopkins, David P. Pronk, Nicolaas P. Goetzel, Ron Z. Kottke, Thomas E. Rask, Kimberly J. Lackland, Daniel T. Braun, Lynne T. CA Community Preventive Serv Task TI Reducing Medication Costs to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: A Community Guide Systematic Review SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Review ID VALUE-BASED INSURANCE; UNITED-STATES; ELDERLY PATIENTS; HEALTH OUTCOMES; DESIGN PROGRAM; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ADHERENCE; CARE; IMPACT; HYPERTENSION AB Introduction Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are major cardiovascular disease risk factors. To modify them, patients often need to adopt healthier lifestyles and adhere to prescribed medications. However, patients' adherence to recommended treatments has been suboptimal. Reducing out-of-pocket costs (ROPC) to patients may improve medication adherence and consequently improve health outcomes. This Community Guide systematic review examined the effectiveness of ROPC for medications prescribed for patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Methods We assessed effectiveness and economics of ROPC for medications to treat hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or both. Per Community Guide review methods, reviewers identified, evaluated, and summarized available evidence published from January 1980 through July 2015. Results Eighteen studies were included in the analysis. ROPC interventions resulted in increased medication adherence for patients taking blood pressure and cholesterol medications by a median of 3.0 percentage points; proportion achieving 80% adherence to medication increased by 5.1 percentage points. Blood pressure and cholesterol outcomes also improved. Nine studies were included in the economic review, with a median intervention cost of $ 172 per person per year and a median change in health care cost of -$ 127 per person per year. Conclusion ROPC for medications to treat hypertension and hyperlipidemia is effective in increasing medication adherence, and, thus, improving blood pressure and cholesterol outcomes. Most ROPC interventions are implemented in combination with evidence-based health care interventions such as team-based care with medication counseling. An overall conclusion about the economics of the intervention could not be reached with the small body of inconsistent cost-benefit evidence. C1 [Njie, Gibril J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Div Publ Hlth Informat Disseminat, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Njie, Gibril J.; Finnie, Ramona K. C.; Acharya, Sushama D.; Jacob, Verughese; Proia, Krista K.; Hopkins, David P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Pronk, Nicolaas P.; Kottke, Thomas E.] HealthPartners Inst Educ & Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Goetzel, Ron Z.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Rask, Kimberly J.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lackland, Daniel T.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Braun, Lynne T.] Rush Univ, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Njie, GJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Div Publ Hlth Informat Disseminat, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM gnjie@cdc.gov RI rask, kimberly/M-8001-2016 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Scientific Education (ORISE) FX The work of Gibril J. Njie, Ramona K.C. Finnie, and Sushama D. Acharya was supported with funds from the Oak Ridge Institute for Scientific Education (ORISE). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC. No author has any conflict of interest or financial disclosure. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 12 AR 150242 DI 10.5888/pcd12.150242 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB7AA UT WOS:000368665600021 ER PT J AU Tchwenko, S Fleming, E Perry, GS AF Tchwenko, Samuel Fleming, Eleanor Perry, Geraldine S. TI Aspirin Use for the Primary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction Among Men in North Carolina, 2013 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; RISK; ADULTS; PREVALENCE; WOMEN AB Introduction The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends aspirin use for men aged 45 to 79, when the potential benefit of preventing myocardial infarctions outweighs the potential harm of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. We determined prevalence and predictors of aspirin use for primary prevention of myocardial infarction vis-a-vis risk among men aged 45 to 79 in North Carolina. Methods The study used data for men aged 45 to 79 without contraindications to aspirin use or a history of cardiovascular disease from the 2013 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Stratification by risk of myocardial infarction was based on history of diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking. Analyses were performed in Stata version 13.0 (StataCorp LP); survey commands were used to account for complex sampling design. Results Most respondents, 74.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.2%-77.0%), had at least one risk factor for myocardial infarction. Prevalence of aspirin use among respondents with risk factors was 44.8% (95% CI, 41.0-48.5) and was significantly higher than the prevalence among respondents without risk factors (prevalence ratio: 1.44 [95% CI, 1.17-1.78]). No significant linear dose (number of risk factors)-response (taking aspirin) relationship was found (P for trend =.25). Older age predicted (P =.03) aspirin use among respondents with at least one myocardial infarction risk factor. Conclusion Most men aged 45 to 79 in North Carolina have at least one risk factor for myocardial infarction, but less than half use aspirin. Interventions aimed at boosting aspirin use are needed among at-risk men in North Carolina. C1 [Fleming, Eleanor; Perry, Geraldine S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Tchwenko, Samuel; Fleming, Eleanor] North Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. [Tchwenko, Samuel] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Fleming, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM efleming@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 12 AR 150342 DI 10.5888/pcd12.150342 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB7AA UT WOS:000368665600015 ER PT J AU Nwangwu-Ike, N Hernandez, AL An, Q Huang, TY Hall, HI AF Nwangwu-Ike, Ndidi Hernandez, Angela L. An, Qian Huang, Taoying Hall, H. Irene TI The Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Care among Adult and Adolescent Females in the United States, 2008-2012 SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV-INFECTION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; VIRAL SUPPRESSION; DIAGNOSED HIV; WOMEN; DISPARITIES; HIV/AIDS; PREVENTION; CONTINUUM AB Objective: We sought to determine epidemiological patterns in diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and prevalence among females by age, race/ethnicity and transmission category, and essential steps in the continuum of HIV care. Methods: Using data from the National HIV Surveillance System, we estimated the number of females aged 13 years or older diagnosed with HIV infection in 2008 through 2012 and living with HIV at the end of 2011 in the United States. We determined percentages of females linked to care, retained in care, and virally suppressed in 18 jurisdictions with complete reporting of CD4 and viral load test results. Results: From 2008 to 2012, the estimated rate of HIV diagnoses among females decreased from 9.3 to 6.9 per 100,000 (-7.1% per year; 95% confidence interval [CI], -7.9, -6.3). In 2012, the diagnosis rate was highest among Blacks/African Americans (35.7), followed by Hispanics or Latinos (6.4), and Native Hawaiian Other Pacific Islander (5.1), and lowest among Whites (1.8). Most females diagnosed in 2012 were linked to care within 3 months of diagnosis (82.5%). About one-half (52.4%) of females living with HIV in 2011 received ongoing care in 2011 and 44.3% had a suppressed viral load. Viral suppression was lower among American Indian/Alaska Native (29.7%) and Black/African American (41.6%) compared with White females (46.5%). The percentage in care and with viral suppression was lower among younger compared with older females. Conclusion: HIV diagnoses continue to decrease among females; however, disparities exist in HIV burden and viral suppression. Improvements in care and treatment outcomes are needed for all women with particular emphasis on younger women. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. C1 [Nwangwu-Ike, Ndidi; Hernandez, Angela L.; An, Qian; Hall, H. Irene] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Huang, Taoying] ICF Int, Hlth Informat Technol Syst Dept HITS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nwangwu-Ike, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM hhp9@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1049-3867 EI 1878-4321 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 25 IS 6 BP 711 EP 719 DI 10.1016/j.whi.2015.07.004 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA DB1DH UT WOS:000368247700018 PM 26316020 ER PT J AU Blackley, DJ Laney, AS Halldin, CN Cohen, RA AF Blackley, David J. Laney, A. Scott Halldin, Cara N. Cohen, Robert A. TI Profusion of Opacities in Simple Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis Is Associated With Reduced Lung Function SO CHEST LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; PROGRESSIVE MASSIVE FIBROSIS; DUST EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; VENTILATORY CAPACITY; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; MINERS; PREVALENCE; DISABILITY; SEVERITY AB BACKGROUND: A large body of evidence demonstrates dose-response relationships of cumulative coal mine dust exposure with lung function impairment and with small-opacity profusion. However, medical literature generally holds that simple coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) is not associated with lung function impairment. This study examines the relationship between small-opacity profusion and lung function in US underground coal miners with simple CWP. METHODS: Miners were examined during 2005 to 2013 as part of the Enhanced Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program. Work histories were obtained, and chest radiographs and spirometry were administered. Lung parenchymal abnormalities consistent with CWP were classified according to international Labor Organization guidelines, and reference values for FEV1 and PVC were calculated using reference equations derived from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Differences in lung function were evaluated by opacity profusion, and regression models were fit to characterize associations between profusion and lung function, RESULTS: A total of 8,230 miners were eligible for analysis; 269 had category 1 or 2 simple CWP. Decrements in FEV1 % predicted were nearly consistent across profusion subcategories. Clear decrements in PVC % predicted and FEV1/FVC were also observed, although these were less consistent. Controlling for smoking status, BMI, and mining tenure, each 1-unit subcategory increase in profusion was associated with decreases of 1.5% (95% CI, 1.0%-1.9%), 1.0% (95% CI, 0.6%-1.3%), and 0.6% (95% CI, 0.4%-0.8%) in FIX, % predicted, PVC % predicted, and FEV1/FVC respectively CONCLUSIONS: We observed progressively lower lung function across the range of small-opacity profusion. These findings address a long-standing question in occupational medicine and point to the importance of medical surveillance and respiratory disease prevention in this workforce. C1 [Blackley, David J.; Laney, A. Scott; Halldin, Cara N.; Cohen, Robert A.] NIOSH, Surveillance Branch, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Blackley, David J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cohen, Robert A.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL USA. RP Blackley, DJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Surveillance Branch, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop HG900, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM dblackley@cdc.gov FU Alpha Foundation for the Improvement of Mining Safety and Health, Inc. FX Dr Cohen's work was supported in part by funding from The Alpha Foundation for the Improvement of Mining Safety and Health, Inc. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI GLENVIEW PA 2595 PATRIOT BLVD, GLENVIEW, IL 60026 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD NOV PY 2015 VL 148 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1299 DI 10.1378/chest.15-0118 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA DB1MZ UT WOS:000368273600039 PM 25996896 ER PT J AU Frenk, SM Sautter, JM Paulose-Ram, R AF Frenk, Steven M. Sautter, Jessica M. Paulose-Ram, Ryne TI Prevalence and trends in psychotropic medication use among US male veterans, 1999-2010 SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE antidepressants; NHANES; psychotropic medication; veterans; pharmacoepidemiology; CDC ID HEALTH-SERVICES AB Purpose Prior studies of psychotropic medication use among US veterans are limited in their ability to generalize estimates to the full veteran population and make comparisons with non-veterans. This study estimated the prevalence of psychotropic medication use and trends over time among male US veterans, compared their use of psychotropic medications with non-veteran males, and examined differences among veteran subpopulations. Methods The data for our analysis came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2010), a cross-sectional, nationally representative study of the civilian, non-institutionalized US population. Results The percentage of male veterans who used any psychotropic medication increased from 10.4% in 1999-2002 to 14.3% in 2003-2006, then remained stable in 2007-2010 (14.0%). During the same time period, the percentage of non-veteran males who used psychotropic medications remained relatively stable (7.0%, 8.3%, and 9.2%, respectively). Veterans were more likely to use psychotropic medication, specifically antidepressants, than non-veterans. The percentage of non-Hispanic white veterans and veterans aged 60 years and over who used psychotropic medications increased between 1999-2002 and 2003-2006, but the percentages remained stable between 2003-2006 and 2007-2010. In 2003-2006 and 2007-2010, a higher percentage of non-Hispanic white veterans used psychotropic medications than non-Hispanic black veterans. Conclusions This study found that the use of psychotropic medications and antidepressants was higher among male veterans than male non-veterans, and that prevalence of use increased between 1999-2002 and 2007-2010 for male veterans but remained relatively stable for non-veterans. There were significant variations in the use of psychotropic medications among veteran subpopulations. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Univ Sci, Harrisburg, PA USA. RP Frenk, SM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4209, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sfrenk@cdc.gov OI Sautter, Jessica/0000-0001-9694-2630 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1053-8569 EI 1099-1557 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1215 EP 1219 DI 10.1002/pds.3809 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA DA3CF UT WOS:000367672800011 PM 26085005 ER PT J AU Cowell, WJ Lederman, SA Sjodin, A Jones, R Wang, S Perera, FP Wang, R Rauh, VA Herbstman, JB AF Cowell, Whitney J. Lederman, Sally A. Sjoedin, Andreas Jones, Richard Wang, Shuang Perera, Frederica P. Wang, Richard Rauh, Virginia A. Herbstman, Julie B. TI Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and child attention problems at 3-7 years SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PBDEs; Flame retardants; Prenatal; Neurodevelopment; Attention ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; THYROID-HORMONES; PBDE; MOTHERS; STRESS; US AB Introduction: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) comprise a class of halogenated compounds used extensively as flame retardant chemicals in consumer products resulting in nearly ubiquitous human exposure. Mounting evidence suggests that PBDEs are developmental neurotoxicants; however, associations between early life exposure and child behavior have been largely limited to a single developmental time point. Methods: The study population consists primarily of white, black and Chinese women who were pregnant on 11 September 2001 and delivered at 1 of 3 downtown New York City hospitals. Maternal-child pairs were followed through age 7 years. Cord blood was collected at delivery and PBDE plasma levels for 210 samples were analyzed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Child Behavior Checklist, a validated maternal-report instrument used for assessing child behavior, was administered annually between the ages of 3 and 7 years. We analyzed the association between natural log-transformed and dichotomized (low vs. high) PBDEs and attention problems using multivariable adjusted negative binomial regression. Results: We detected 4 PBDE congeners in more than 50% of samples, with concentrations highest for BDE-47 (median +/- IQR: 11.2 +/- 19.6 ng/g). In adjusted analyses, we detected associations between BDE-47 (1.21,95% CI: 1.00, 1.47), and BDE-153 (1.18, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.39) in cord plasma and increased attention problems among children at age 4 (n = 109) but not 6 (n = 107) years. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a positive trend between prenatal PBDE exposure and early childhood attention problems, and are consistent with previous research reporting associations between prenatal PBDE exposure and disrupted child behaviors. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cowell, Whitney J.; Wang, Shuang; Perera, Frederica P.; Rauh, Virginia A.; Herbstman, Julie B.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Lederman, Sally A.] Columbia Univ, Inst Human Nutr, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Sjoedin, Andreas; Jones, Richard; Wang, Richard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Herbstman, JB (reprint author), Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 12th Fl,722 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM jh2678@cumc.columbia.edu FU September 11th Fund of the New York Community Trust; 9/11 Neediest Fund; National Philanthropic Trust; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES09089, 5P01 ES09600, 5R01 ES08977]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R827027]; [T32ES007322] FX We thank C. Dodson, W-J Wang, K. Lester, and L. Stricke. This research was supported by the September 11th Fund of the New York Community Trust and 9/11 Neediest Fund; the National Philanthropic Trust; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grants ES09089, 5P01 ES09600, and 5R01 ES08977, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency grant R827027. During preparation of this manuscript W. Cowell was supported by T32ES007322. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 EI 1872-9738 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 52 SI SI BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.08.009 PN B PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA CZ4YF UT WOS:000367108400005 PM 26344673 ER PT J AU Senanayake, SASC Abeyewicreme, W Dotson, EM Karunaweera, ND AF Senanayake, S. A. S. C. Abeyewicreme, W. Dotson, E. M. Karunaweera, N. D. TI CHARACTERISTICS OF PHLEBOTOMINE SANDFLIES IN SELECTED AREAS OF SRI LANKA SO SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Phlebotomus argentipes glaucus anthropophilic; cutaneous leishmaniasis; vector; zoophilic; Sri Lanka ID ARGENTIPES SPECIES COMPLEX; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; PSYCHODIDAE; DONOVANI; DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; BLOOD; FOCI; PCR AB Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in Sri Lanka. Studies on vector aspects, although important for better understanding of disease transmission dynamics, are still limited. The present study describes the species distribution and behavioral patterns of sandflies within selected disease- prevalent zones in the country. Adult sandflies were collected from several field sites over a two-year duration in Sri Lanka using cattle-baited net traps, CDC light traps and manual methods. Species identification was performed using standard keys. Leishmania donovani and source of blood meal in blood-fed female sandflies DNA were identified using PCR-based methods. Aggregation period of adult sandflies during overnight collections was also noted. The collected sandflies were identified as Phlebotomus argentipes glaucus (previously known as morphospecies A) and a non-vector species, Sergentomyia zeylanica. Presence of L. donovani DNA was found in 2/634 female sandflies. The parasite ITS1 region of SSU rDNA had 99% sequence similarity with L. donovani from Bangladesh and India. The peak aggregation period of sandflies within cattle-traps was between 8:00 Pm to 11:00 PM, indicating that vector control strategies could be conducted during this time period. As Sergentomyia zeylanica is likely to be merely a biting nuisance and showed more of an anthropophilic behavior, whereas the probable vector of CL in Sri Lanka (P. argentipes glaucus) demonstrated zoophilic behavior, has implications for the planning of future vector control strategies. C1 [Senanayake, S. A. S. C.; Karunaweera, N. D.] Univ Colombo, Fac Med, Dept Parasitol, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Abeyewicreme, W.] Univ Kelaniya, Dept Parasitol, Fac Med, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. [Dotson, E. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Entomol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Senanayake, SASC (reprint author), Univ Colombo, Fac Med, Dept Parasitol, Colombo, Sri Lanka. EM senanayakesanath@yahoo.com FU National Science Foundation [HS/2005/07]; University of Colombo [AP/03/2011/PG/13]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [R01AI099602] FX The authors acknowledge Mr MDA Mahakumara and Mr KH Weerasena, the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, and Mr Dayanath Meegoda and Mr S Abeysundara, the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ragama for their technical assistance; Dr S N Surendran, University of Jaffna for suggestions and guidance on morphospecies identification; and Ms K Panchanadan, Department of Biochemistry for her assistance in nucleotide sequence analysis. The National Science Foundation (HS/2005/07) and the University of Colombo provided financial assistance (AP/03/2011/PG/13). ND Karunaweera was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (Award N R01AI099602). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOUTHEAST ASIAN MINISTERS EDUC ORGANIZATION PI BANGKOK PA SEAMEO-TROPMED, 420-6 RAJVITHI RD,, BANGKOK 10400, THAILAND SN 0125-1562 J9 SE ASIAN J TROP MED JI Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health PD NOV PY 2015 VL 46 IS 6 BP 994 EP 1004 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine GA CZ6IM UT WOS:000367204500005 PM 26867357 ER PT J AU Keim, P Grunow, R Vipond, R Grass, G Hoffmaster, A Birdsell, DN Klee, SR Pullan, S Antwerpen, M Bayer, BN Latham, J Wiggins, K Hepp, C Pearson, T Brooks, T Sahl, J Wagner, DM AF Keim, Paul Grunow, Roland Vipond, Richard Grass, Gregor Hoffmaster, Alex Birdsell, Dawn N. Klee, Silke R. Pullan, Steven Antwerpen, Markus Bayer, Brittany N. Latham, Jennie Wiggins, Kristin Hepp, Crystal Pearson, Talima Brooks, Tim Sahl, Jason Wagner, David M. TI Whole Genome Analysis of Injectional Anthrax Identifies Two Disease Clusters Spanning More Than 13 Years SO EBIOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Heroin; Whole Genome Sequencing; SNP; Phylogeny; Injectional Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis ID DNA-SEQUENCING DATA; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; HEROIN USERS; DISCOVERY; POLYMORPHISMS; INFECTION; FRAMEWORK; EUROPE AB Background: Anthrax is a rare disease in humans but elicits great public fear because of its past use as an agent of bioterrorism. Injectional anthrax has been occurring sporadically for more than ten years in heroin consumers across multiple European countries and this outbreak has been difficult to trace back to a source. Methods: We took a molecular epidemiological approach in understanding this disease outbreak, including whole genome sequencing of Bacillus anthracis isolates from the anthrax victims. We also screened two large strain repositories for closely related strains to provide context to the outbreak. Findings: Analyzing 60 Bacillus anthracis isolates associated with injectional anthrax cases and closely related reference strains, we identified 1071 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). The synapomorphic SNPs (350) were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, infer likely epidemiological sources and explore the dynamics of evolving pathogen populations. Injectional anthrax genomes separated into two tight clusters: one group was exclusively associated with the 2009-10 outbreak and located primarily in Scotland, whereas the second comprised more recent (2012-13) cases but also a single Norwegian case from 2000. Interpretation: Genome-based differentiation of injectional anthrax isolates argues for at least two separate disease events spanning >12 years. The genomic similarity of the two clusters makes it likely that they are caused by separate contamination events originating from the same geographic region and perhaps the same site of drug manufacturing or processing. Pathogen diversity within single patients challenges assumptions concerning population dynamics of infecting B. anthracis and host defensive barriers for injectional anthrax. Funding: This work was supported by the United States Department of Homeland Security grant no. HSHQDC-10-C-00, 139 and via a binational cooperative agreement between the United States Government and the Government of Germany. This work was supported by funds from the German Ministry of Defense (Sonderforschungsprojekt 25Z1-S-431,214). Support for sequencing was also obtained from Illumina, Inc. These sources had no role in the data generation or interpretation, and had not role in the manuscript preparation. Panel 1: Research in Context Systematic Review: We searched PubMed for any article published before Jun. 17, 2015, with the terms "Bacillus anthracis" and "heroin", or "injectional anthrax". Other than our previously published work (Price et al., 2012), we found no other relevant studies on elucidating the global phylogenetic relationships of B. anthracis strains associated with injectional anthrax caused by recreational heroin consumption of spore-contaminated drug. There were, however, publically available genome sequences of two strains involved (Price et al., 2012; Grunow et al., 2013) and the draft genome sequence of Bacillus anthracis UR-1, isolated from a German heroin user (Ruckert et al., 2012) with only limited information on the genotyping of closely related strains (Price et al., 2012; Grunow et al., 2013). Lay Person Interpretation: Injectional anthrax has been plaguing heroin drug users across Europe for more than 10 years. In order to better understand this outbreak, we assessed genomic relationships of all available injectional anthrax strains from four countries spanning a >12 year period. Very few differences were identified using genome-based analysis, but these differentiated the isolates into two distinct clusters. This strongly supports a hypothesis of at least two separate anthrax spore contamination events perhaps during the drug production processes. Identification of two events would not have been possible from standard epidemiological analysis. These comprehensive data will be invaluable for classifying future injectional anthrax isolates and for future geographic attribution. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Keim, Paul; Birdsell, Dawn N.; Bayer, Brittany N.; Hepp, Crystal; Pearson, Talima; Sahl, Jason; Wagner, David M.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Keim, Paul; Wiggins, Kristin; Sahl, Jason] Translat Genom Res Inst, Pathogen Genom Div, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Grunow, Roland; Klee, Silke R.] Robert Koch Inst, Berlin, Germany. [Vipond, Richard; Pullan, Steven; Antwerpen, Markus; Latham, Jennie; Brooks, Tim] Publ Hlth England, Porton Down SP4 0JG, Wilts, England. [Grass, Gregor] Bundeswehr Inst Microbiol, Munich, Germany. [Hoffmaster, Alex] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vipond, Richard; Pullan, Steven; Brooks, Tim] NIHR Hlth Protect Res Unit Emerging & Zoonot Infe, Liverpool L69 7BE, Merseyside, England. RP Keim, P (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-3964 J9 EBIOMEDICINE JI EBioMedicine PD NOV PY 2015 VL 2 IS 11 BP 1613 EP 1618 DI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.10.004 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CX8OA UT WOS:000365962100025 PM 26870786 ER PT J AU Naylor, C Lu, M Haque, R Mondal, D Buonomo, E Nayak, U Mychaleckyj, JC Kirkpatrick, B Colgate, R Carmolli, M Dickson, D van der Klis, F Weldon, W Oberste, MS Ma, JZ Petri, WA AF Naylor, Caitlin Lu, Miao Haque, Rashidul Mondal, Dinesh Buonomo, Erica Nayak, Uma Mychaleckyj, Josyf C. Kirkpatrick, Beth Colgate, Ross Carmolli, Marya Dickson, Dorothy van der Klis, Fiona Weldon, William Oberste, M. Steven Ma, Jennie Z. Petri, William A., Jr. CA PROVIDE Study Teams TI Environmental Enteropathy, Oral Vaccine Failure and Growth Faltering in Infants in Bangladesh SO EBIOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Environmental enteropathy; Malnutrition; Oral vaccine failure ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; MEASLES-VACCINE; MALNUTRITION; DIARRHEA; POLIO; COUNTRIES; CONSEQUENCES; ASSOCIATION; SELECTION; CHILDREN AB Background: Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a subclinical enteric condition found in low-income countries that is characterized by intestinal inflammation, reduced intestinal absorption, and gut barrier dysfunction. We aimed to assess if EE impairs the success of oral polio and rotavirus vaccines in infants in Bangladesh. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of 700 infants from an urban slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh from May 2011 to November 2014. Infants were enrolled in the first week of life and followed to age one year through biweekly home visits with EPI vaccines administered and growth monitored. EE was operationally defied as enteric inflammation measured by any one of the fecal biomarkers reg1B, alpha-1-antitrypsin, MPO, calprotectin, or neopterin. Oral polio vaccine success was evaluated by immunogenicity, and rotavirus vaccine response was evaluated by immunogenicity and protection from disease. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01375647. Findings: EE was present in greater than 80% of infants by 12 weeks of age. Oral poliovirus and rotavirus vaccines failed in 20.2% and 68.5% of the infants respectively, and 28.6% were malnourished (HAZ < -2) at one year of age. In contrast, 0%, 9.0%, 7.9% and 3.8% of infants lacked protective levels of antibody from tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, diphtheria and measles vaccines respectively. EE was negatively associated with oral polio and rotavirus response but not parenteral vaccine immunogenicity. Biomarkers of systemic inflammation and measures of maternal health were additionally predictive of both oral vaccine failure and malnutrition. The selected biomarkers from multivariable analysis accounted for 46.3% variation in delta HAZ. 24% of Rotarix (R) IgA positive individuals can be attributed to the selected biomarkers. Interpretation: EE as well as systemic inflammation and poor maternal health were associated with oral but not parenteral vaccine underperformance and risk for future growth faltering. These results offer a potential explanation for the burden of these problems in low-income problems, allow early identification of infants at risk, and suggest pathways for intervention. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1017093). (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Naylor, Caitlin; Lu, Miao; Buonomo, Erica; Nayak, Uma; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.; Ma, Jennie Z.; Petri, William A., Jr.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Haque, Rashidul; Mondal, Dinesh] Icddr B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [van der Klis, Fiona] Netherlands Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Kirkpatrick, Beth; Colgate, Ross; Carmolli, Marya; Dickson, Dorothy; PROVIDE Study Teams] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. [Weldon, William; Oberste, M. Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Petri, WA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM wap3g@virginia.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [5R01 AI043596, R01 AI026649, R01 AI043596, T32 AI007496, T32 AI055432] NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-3964 J9 EBIOMEDICINE JI EBioMedicine PD NOV PY 2015 VL 2 IS 11 BP 1759 EP 1766 DI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.036 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CX8OA UT WOS:000365962100041 PM 26870801 ER PT J AU Johnson, JL AF Johnson, Jonetta L. TI Bodies don't sleep, neither do babies: experiences at the only maternity hospital isolation unit in Sierra Leone during the 2014 Ebola epidemic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Johnson, Jonetta L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Johnson, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. EM wgp8@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 EI 1097-6868 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 213 IS 5 BP 739 EP 740 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.028 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CX5SS UT WOS:000365763400043 PM 26220114 ER PT J AU Schneider, A Henderson, JT Harper, CC Hsu, A Saraiya, M Sawaya, GF AF Schneider, Allison Henderson, Jillian T. Harper, Cynthia C. Hsu, Amy Saraiya, Mona Sawaya, George F. TI Obstetrician-gynecologists' beliefs about performing less cervical cancer screening: the pendulum swings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEOPLASIA C1 [Schneider, Allison] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Henderson, Jillian T.] Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. [Harper, Cynthia C.; Sawaya, George F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Hsu, Amy] San Francisco VA Med Ctr, Div Geriatr, San Francisco, CA USA. [Saraiya, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sawaya, George F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Healthcare Value, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Schneider, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM George.sawaya@ucsf.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA169093]; NICHD NIH HHS [K01 HD054495, K01HD054495] NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 EI 1097-6868 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 213 IS 5 BP 744 EP 745 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.003 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CX5SS UT WOS:000365763400046 PM 26184779 ER PT J AU Moore, CA McCabe, ERB AF Moore, Cynthia A. McCabe, Edward R. B. TI Utility of Population-based Birth Defects Surveillance for Monitoring the Health of Infants and as a Foundation for Etiologic Research SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID OROFACIAL CLEFTS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; SOCIAL MEDIA; CHILDREN; RISK; CARE C1 [Moore, Cynthia A.] Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [McCabe, Edward R. B.] March Dimes Fdn, White Plains, NY USA. RP Moore, CA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 103 IS 11 SI SI BP 895 EP 898 DI 10.1002/bdra.23421 PG 4 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA CX5DX UT WOS:000365723200002 PM 26458078 ER PT J AU Mai, CT Isenburg, J Langlois, PH Alverson, C Gilboa, SM Rickard, R Canfield, MA Anjohrin, SB Lupo, PJ Jackson, DR Stallings, EB Scheuerle, AE Kirby, RS AF Mai, Cara T. Isenburg, Jennifer Langlois, Peter H. Alverson, C. J. Gilboa, Suzanne M. Rickard, Russel Canfield, Mark A. Anjohrin, Suzanne B. Lupo, Philip J. Jackson, Deanna R. Stallings, Erin B. Scheuerle, Angela E. Kirby, Russell S. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Netw TI Population-based birth defects data in the United States, 2008 to 2012: Presentation of state-specific data and descriptive brief on variability of prevalence SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; surveillance; population-based; data variability C1 [Mai, Cara T.; Isenburg, Jennifer; Alverson, C. J.; Gilboa, Suzanne M.; Jackson, Deanna R.; Stallings, Erin B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Isenburg, Jennifer; Stallings, Erin B.] Carter Consulting Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Langlois, Peter H.; Canfield, Mark A.; Scheuerle, Angela E.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. [Rickard, Russel] Natl Birth Defects Prevent Network, Houston, TX USA. [Anjohrin, Suzanne B.] Florida Dept Hlth, Florida Birth Defects Registry, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Lupo, Philip J.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Scheuerle, Angela E.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Kirby, Russell S.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. RP Mai, CT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cmai@cdc.gov OI Lupo, Philip/0000-0003-0978-5863 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999]; NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000371] NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 103 IS 11 SI SI BP 972 EP 993 DI 10.1002/bdra.23461 PG 22 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA CX5DX UT WOS:000365723200010 PM 26611917 ER PT J AU Horton, MK Blount, BC Valentin-Blasini, L Wapner, R Whyatt, R Gennings, C Factor-Litvak, P AF Horton, Megan K. Blount, Benjamin C. Valentin-Blasini, Liza Wapner, Ronald Whyatt, Robin Gennings, Chris Factor-Litvak, Pam TI CO-occurring exposure to perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate alters thyroid function in healthy pregnant women SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Perchlorate; Chemical mixtures; Thyroid function; Pregnancy ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; DRINKING-WATER; STIMULATING HORMONE; URINARY PERCHLORATE; ACTIVE-TRANSPORT; NATIONAL-HEALTH; DIETARY-INTAKE; DISEASE; IODINE AB Background: Adequate maternal thyroid function during pregnancy is necessary for normal fetal brain development, making pregnancy a critical window of vulnerability to thyroid disrupting insults. Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors, namely perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate, have been shown individually to competitively inhibit uptake of iodine by the thyroid. Several epidemiologic studies examined the association between these individual exposures and thyroid function. Few studies have examined the effect of this chemical mixture on thyroid function during pregnancy Objectives: We examined the cross sectional association between urinary perchlorate, thiocyanate and nitrate concentrations and thyroid function among healthy pregnant women living in New York City using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Methods: We measured thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FreeT4) in blood samples; perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate and iodide in urine samples collected from 284 pregnant women at 12 (+/- 2.8) weeks gestation. We examined associations between urinary analyte concentrations and TSH or FreeT4 using linear regression or WQS adjusting for gestational age, urinary iodide and creatinine. Results: Individual analyte concentrations in urine were significantly correlated (Spearman's r 0.4-0.5, p < 0.001). Linear regression analyses did not suggest associations between individual concentrations and thyroid function. The WQS revealed a significant positive association between the weighted sum of urinary concentrations of the three analytes and increased TSH. Perchlorate had the largest weight in the index, indicating the largest contribution to the WQS. Conclusions: Co-exposure to perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate may alter maternal thyroid function, specifically TSH, during pregnancy. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Horton, Megan K.; Gennings, Chris] Icahn Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. [Blount, Benjamin C.; Valentin-Blasini, Liza] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wapner, Ronald] Columbia Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New York, NY USA. [Whyatt, Robin] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY USA. [Factor-Litvak, Pam] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. RP Horton, MK (reprint author), Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Prevent Med, One Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1057, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM megan.horton@mssm.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [R00 ES020364, R21 ES016610, P30ES023515] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grants R00 ES020364, R21 ES016610 and P30ES023515. The findings in this article are the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 143 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2015.09.013 PN A PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CX6SJ UT WOS:000365831400001 PM 26408806 ER PT J AU Dutmer, CM Asturias, EJ Smith, C Dishop, MK Schmid, DS Bellini, WJ Tirosh, I Lee, YN Notarangelo, LD Gelfand, EW AF Dutmer, Cullen M. Asturias, Edwin J. Smith, Christiana Dishop, Megan K. Schmid, D. Scott Bellini, William J. Tirosh, Irit Lee, Yu Nee Notarangelo, Luigi D. Gelfand, Erwin W. TI Late Onset Hypomorphic RAG2 Deficiency Presentation with Fatal Vaccine-Strain VZV Infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RAG2; T cell lymphopenia; immunosuppression; vaccine-strain virus infection ID VARICELLA-ZOSTER-VIRUS; SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; ACTIVATING GENE-1 DEFICIENCY; GRANULOMATOUS-DISEASE; OMENN SYNDROME; T-CELLS; MUTATIONS; RECOMBINATION; AUTOIMMUNITY; LYMPHOPENIA AB Hypomorphic mutations in RAG1 and RAG2 are associated with significant clinical heterogeneity and symptoms of immunodeficiency or autoimmunity may be late in appearance. As a result, immunosuppressive medications may be introduced that can have life-threatening consequences. We describe a previously healthy 13-month-old girl presenting with rash and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, while highlighting the importance of vigilance and consideration of an underlying severe immunodeficiency disease prior to instituting immunosuppressive therapy. Given clinical deterioration of the patient and a temporal association with recently administered vaccinations, virus genotyping was carried out via 4 real-time Forster Resonance Energy Transfer PCR protocols targeting vaccine-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and analyzed via the next-generation sequencing method of sequencing-by-synthesis. Immune function studies included immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes, mitogen-induced proliferation and TLR ligand-induced production of TNF alpha. Analysis of recombination activity of wild-type and mutant RAG2 constructs was performed. Virus genotyping revealed vaccine-strain VZV, mumps, and rubella. Next-generation sequencing identified heterozygosity for RAG2 R73H and P180H mutations. Profound lymphopenia was associated with intense corticosteroid therapy, with some recovery after steroid reduction. Residual, albeit low, RAG2 protein activity was demonstrated. Because of the association of RAG deficiency with late-onset presentation and autoimmunity, live virus vaccination and immunosuppressive therapies are often initiated and can result in negative consequences. Here, hypomorphic RAG2 mutations were linked to disseminated vaccine-strain virus infections following institution of corticosteroid therapy for autoimmune hemolytic anemia. C1 [Dutmer, Cullen M.; Gelfand, Erwin W.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Asturias, Edwin J.; Smith, Christiana] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, Aurora, CO USA. [Asturias, Edwin J.] Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Hlth, Aurora, CO USA. [Dishop, Megan K.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Aurora, CO USA. [Schmid, D. Scott; Bellini, William J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tirosh, Irit; Lee, Yu Nee; Notarangelo, Luigi D.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Immunol, Boston, MA USA. RP Gelfand, EW (reprint author), Natl Jewish Hlth, Dept Pediat, 1400 Jackson St,K801, Denver, CO 80206 USA. EM gelfande@njc.org RI Notarangelo, Luigi/F-9718-2016 OI Notarangelo, Luigi/0000-0002-8335-0262 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI100887, 5R01AI100887] NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0271-9142 EI 1573-2592 J9 J CLIN IMMUNOL JI J. Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 35 IS 8 BP 754 EP 760 DI 10.1007/s10875-015-0207-8 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA CX7HN UT WOS:000365872900007 PM 26515615 ER PT J AU Skov, R Matuschek, E Sjolund-Karlsson, M Ahman, J Petersen, A Stegger, M Torpdahi, M Kahlmeter, G AF Skov, Robert Matuschek, Erika Sjoelund-Karlsson, Maria Ahman, Jenny Petersen, Andreas Stegger, Marc Torpdahi, Mia Kahlmeter, Gunnar TI Development of a Pefloxacin Disk Diffusion Method for Detection of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; MODIFYING ENZYME; SEROTYPE-TYPHI; CIPROFLOXACIN; PREVALENCE; MECHANISMS; HUMANS AB Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are among the drugs of choice for treatment of Salmonella infections. However, fluoroquinolone resistance is increasing in Salmonella due to chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the topoisomerase genes gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE and/or plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) mechanisms including qnr variants, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qepA, and oqxAB. Some of these mutations cause only subtle increases in the MIC, i.e., MICs ranging from 0.12 to 0.25 mg/liter for ciprofloxacin (just above the wild-type MIC of <0.06 mg/liter). These isolates are difficult to detect with standard ciprofloxacin disk diffusion, and plasmid-mediated resistance, such as qnr, is often not detected by the nalidixic acid screen test. We evaluated 16 quinolone/fluoroquinolone disks for their ability to detect low-level-resistant Salmonella enterica isolates that are not serotype Typhi. A total of 153 Salmonella isolates characterized for the presence (n = 104) or absence (n = 49) of gyrA and/or parC topoisomerase mutations, qnrA, qnrB, qnrD, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, or qepA genes were investigated. All isolates were MIC tested by broth microdilution against ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin and by disk diffusion using EUCAST or CLSI methodology. MIC determination correctly categorized all isolates as either wild-type isolates (MIC of <0.06 mg/liter and absence of resistance genes) or non-wild-type isolates (MIC of >0.06 mg/liter and presence of a resistance gene). Disk diffusion using these antibiotics and nalidixic acid failed to detect some low-level-resistant isolates, whereas the 5-mu g pefloxacin disk correctly identified all resistant isolates. However, pefloxacin will not detect isolates having aac(6')-Ib-cr as the only resistance determinant. The pefloxacin disk assay was approved and implemented by EUCAST (in 2014) and CLSI (in 2015). C1 [Skov, Robert; Petersen, Andreas; Stegger, Marc; Torpdahi, Mia] Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Matuschek, Erika; Ahman, Jenny; Kahlmeter, Gunnar] EUCAST Dev Lab EDL, Vaxjo, Sweden. [Sjoelund-Karlsson, Maria] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Skov, R (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM rsk@ssi.dk NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 53 IS 11 BP 3411 EP 3417 DI 10.1128/JCM.01287-15 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CX3UY UT WOS:000365626200006 PM 26292292 ER PT J AU Albrecht, VS Limbago, BM Moran, GJ Krishnadasan, A Gorwitz, RJ McDougal, LK Talan, DA AF Albrecht, Valerie S. Limbago, Brandi M. Moran, Gregory J. Krishnadasan, Anusha Gorwitz, Rachel J. McDougal, Linda K. Talan, David A. CA Emergency ID NET Study Gp TI Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Strain Type at Various Body Sites among Patients with a Closed Abscess and Uninfected Controls at US Emergency Departments SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; NASAL COLONIZATION; SKIN INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ADMISSION; PATHOGENESIS; BACTEREMIA; MANAGEMENT AB Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a prevalent cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), but the association between CA-MRSA colonization and infection remains uncertain. We studied the carriage frequency at several body sites and the diversity of S. aureus strains from patients with and without SSTI. Specimens from the nares, throat, rectum, and groin of case subjects with a closed skin abscess (i.e., without drainage) and matched control subjects without a skin infection (n = 147 each) presenting to 10 U.S. emergency departments were cultured using broth enrichment; wound specimens were cultured from abscess cases. Methicillin resistance testing and spa typing were performed for all S. aureus isolates. S. aureus was found in 85/147 (57.8%) of abscesses; 49 isolates were MRSA, and 36 were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). MRSA colonization was more common among cases (59/147; 40.1%) than among controls (27/147; 18.4%) overall (P < 0.001) and at each body site; no differences were observed for MSSA. S. aureus-infected subjects were usually (75/85) colonized with the infecting strain; among MRSA-infected subjects, this was most common in the groin. The CC8 lineage accounted for most of both infecting and colonizing isolates, although more than 16 distinct strains were identified. Nearly all MRSA infections were inferred to be USA300. There was more diversity among colonizing than infecting isolates and among those isolated from controls versus cases. CC8 S. aureus is a common colonizer of persons with and without skin infections. Detection of S. aureus colonization, and especially MRSA, may be enhanced by extranasal site culture. C1 [Albrecht, Valerie S.; Limbago, Brandi M.; McDougal, Linda K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Moran, Gregory J.; Krishnadasan, Anusha; Talan, David A.] Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. [Moran, Gregory J.; Talan, David A.] Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. [Gorwitz, Rachel J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Limbago, BM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM BBL7@cdc.gov OI Rothman, Richard/0000-0002-1017-9505 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 53 IS 11 BP 3478 EP 3484 DI 10.1128/JCM.01371-15 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CX3UY UT WOS:000365626200016 PM 26292314 ER PT J AU Whitfield, MG Warren, RM Streicher, EM Sampson, SL Sirgel, FA van Helden, PD Mercante, A Willby, M Hughes, K Birkness, K Morlock, G van Rie, A Posey, JE AF Whitfield, Michael G. Warren, Robin M. Streicher, Elizabeth M. Sampson, Samantha L. Sirgel, Frik A. van Helden, Paul D. Mercante, Alexandra Willby, Melisa Hughes, Kelsey Birkness, Kris Morlock, Glenn van Rie, Annelies Posey, James E. TI Mycobacterium tuberculosis pncA Polymorphisms That Do Not Confer Pyrazinamide Resistance at a Breakpoint Concentration of 100 Micrograms per Milliliter in MGIT SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; MUTATIONS; COMBINATION; SYSTEM AB Sequencing of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis pncA gene allows for pyrazinamide susceptibility testing. We summarize data on pncA polymorphisms that do not confer resistance at a susceptibility breakpoint of 100 mu g/ml pyrazinamide in MGIT within a cohort of isolates from South Africa and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. C1 [Whitfield, Michael G.; Warren, Robin M.; Streicher, Elizabeth M.; Sampson, Samantha L.; Sirgel, Frik A.; van Helden, Paul D.] Univ Stellenbosch, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, SA MRC Ctr TB Res, Div Mol Biol & Human Genet,DST NRF Ctr Excellence, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Mercante, Alexandra; Willby, Melisa; Hughes, Kelsey; Birkness, Kris; Morlock, Glenn; Posey, James E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [van Rie, Annelies] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Warren, RM (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, SA MRC Ctr TB Res, Div Mol Biol & Human Genet,DST NRF Ctr Excellence, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. EM rw1@sun.ac.za RI Van Rie, Annelies/C-2082-2017; OI Van Rie, Annelies/0000-0001-7666-3263; Streicher, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3901-1981; Whitfield, Michael/0000-0002-5956-8384 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [R01AI099026]; CDC [AAI12052-0001-00000]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [AAI12052-0001-00000]; South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology; National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa [UID 86539] FX The research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award number R01AI099026. The research conducted at the CDC was supported by internal funds and in part by an Interagency Agreement (number AAI12052-0001-00000) between the CDC and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. S.L.S. is funded by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa (award number UID 86539). NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 53 IS 11 BP 3633 EP 3635 DI 10.1128/JCM.01001-15 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CX3UY UT WOS:000365626200043 PM 26292310 ER PT J AU Arthur, BC Fisher, AK Shoemaker, SJ Pozniak, A Stokley, S AF Arthur, Bayo C. Fisher, Allison Kennedy Shoemaker, Sarah J. Pozniak, Alyssa Stokley, Shannon TI Business Models, Vaccination Services, and Public Health Relationships of Retail Clinics: A Qualitative Study SO JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE; VISITS AB Despite the rapid growth of retail clinics (RCs), literature is limited in terms of how these facilities offer preventive services, particularly vaccination services. The purpose of this study was to obtain an in-depth understanding of the RC business model pertaining to vaccine offerings, profitability, and decision making. From March to June 2009, we conducted 15 interviews with key individuals from three types of organizations: 12 representatives of RC corporations, 2 representatives of retail hosts (i.e., stores in which the RCs are located), and 1 representative of an industry association. We analyzed interview transcripts qualitatively. Our results indicate that consumer demand and profitability were the main drivers in offering vaccinations. RCs in this sample primarily offered vaccinations to adults and adolescents, and they were not well integrated with local public health and immunization registries. Our findings demonstrate the potential for stronger linkages with public health in these settings. The findings also may help inform future research to increase patient access to vaccination services at RCs. C1 [Arthur, Bayo C.; Fisher, Allison Kennedy; Stokley, Shannon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shoemaker, Sarah J.] ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pozniak, Alyssa] Arbor Res Collaborat Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Arthur, BC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM bnw6@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL HEALTHCARE EXEC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PRESS PI CHICAGO PA ONE NORTH FRANKLIN ST SUITE 1700, CHICAGO, IL 60606 USA SN 1096-9012 EI 1944-7396 J9 J HEALTHC MANAG JI J. Healthc. Manag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 60 IS 6 BP 429 EP 440 PG 12 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA CX0IO UT WOS:000365380300009 PM 26720987 ER PT J AU Dwyer, LL Lau, DT Shega, JW AF Dwyer, Lisa L. Lau, Denys T. Shega, Joseph W. TI Medications That Older Adults in Hospice Care in the United States Take, 2007 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hospice; medications; cancer; dementia; heart disease ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS; NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; ADVANCED DEMENTIA; PALLIATIVE CARE; ADVANCED CANCER; ANTIBIOTIC USE; RISK; LIFE; MANAGEMENT AB ObjectivesTo describe medications that older adults in hospice with cancer, dementia, debility, heart disease, and lung disease take during the last week of life. DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study. SettingNationally representative sample of 695 U.S. hospices in the 2007 National Home and Hospice Care Survey. ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older with a primary diagnosis of cancer (49%), dementia (12%), debility (14%), heart disease (16%), or lung disease (10%) who received end-of-life care during their last week of life (N=2,623). MeasurementsMedication data were obtained from hospice staff, who were asked, What are the names of all the medications and drugs the patient was taking 7days prior to and on the day of his or her death while in hospice? Please include any standing, routine, or PRN medications. ResultsThe unweighted survey response rate was 71%. The average number of medications taken was 10.2. The most common therapeutic classes were analgesics (98%); antiemetic and antivertigo medications (78%); anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics (76%); anticonvulsants (71%); and laxatives (53%). Approximately one-quarter of the individuals took proton pump inhibitors, anticoagulants, and antidepressants, and fewer than 20% took antacids and antibiotics. A smaller percentage of individuals with dementia and debility than of those with cancer took opioid analgesics. Individuals with heart disease were more likely than individuals in the other clinical cohorts to take diuretics, and those with lung disease were more likely than those in the other clinical cohorts to take bronchodilators. A higher percentage of individuals with dementia and with debility than with cancer and lung disease took antidepressants. ConclusionPeople continue to receive disease-focused therapies at the end of life rather than therapies exclusively for palliation of symptoms, suggesting that treatments may vary according to the person's primary diagnosis. C1 [Dwyer, Lisa L.; Lau, Denys T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Lau, Denys T.] Univ Illinois, Coll Pharm, Chicago, IL USA. [Lau, Denys T.] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Milken Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Shega, Joseph W.] VITAS Healthcare, Orlando, FL USA. RP Dwyer, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM dwyorr10@gmail.com NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-8614 EI 1532-5415 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 63 IS 11 BP 2282 EP 2289 DI 10.1111/jgs.13795 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA CX4NV UT WOS:000365678500006 PM 26531894 ER PT J AU Oskarsson, B Horton, DK Mitsumoto, H AF Oskarsson, Bjoern Horton, D. Kevin Mitsumoto, Hiroshi TI Potential Environmental Factors in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article DE ALS; Epidemiology; Environmental risk factors; Smoking; Gender; Military service; Oxidative stress ID MOTOR-NEURON DISEASE; PARKINSONISM-DEMENTIA COMPLEX; RISK-FACTOR; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SOCCER PLAYERS; SPORADIC ALS; SMOKING; METAANALYSIS; MORTALITY AB The causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are largely unknown, and may always be multiple, including environmental factors. Monogenetic determinants of ALS are involved in roughly 20% of all cases (including 10% familial cases). Less well understood multigenetic causes may contribute to another 20% to 80%. Environmental factors likely play a role in the development of ALS in susceptible individuals, but proved causation remains elusive. This article discusses the possible factors of male gender (males are selectively exposed to different influences, or genetically predisposed to be susceptible), smoking, military service, exercise, electrical exposure, heavy metals, agricultural chemicals, and geographic clusters. C1 [Oskarsson, Bjoern] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, UC Davis Multidisciplinary ALS Clin, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Horton, D. Kevin] ATSDR CDC, Div Toxicol & Human Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Mitsumoto, Hiroshi] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Eleanor & Lou Gehrig MDA ALS Res Ctr, Neurol Inst, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Oskarsson, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, UC Davis Multidisciplinary ALS Clin, 4860 Y St,Suite 3700, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM boskarsson@ucdavis.edu FU National Institutes of Health [UL1 TR000002, R01 ES 016848-01A2, KL2 TR000134] FX This work was supported in part by grant funds from the National Institutes of Health (UL1 TR000002, R01 ES 016848-01A2 and KL2 TR000134). NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0733-8619 EI 1557-9875 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 33 IS 4 BP 877 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ncl.2015.07.009 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CX1PA UT WOS:000365466900012 PM 26515627 ER PT J AU Goenaga, S Kenney, JL Duggal, NK Delorey, M Ebel, GD Zhang, B Levis, SC Enria, DA Brault, AC AF Goenaga, Silvina Kenney, Joan L. Duggal, Nisha K. Delorey, Mark Ebel, Gregory D. Zhang, Bo Levis, Silvana C. Enria, Delia A. Brault, Aaron C. TI Potential for Co-Infection of a Mosquito-Specific Flavivirus, Nhumirim Virus, to Block West Nile Virus Transmission in Mosquitoes SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE superinfection exclusion; mosquito; inhibition; barrier; transmission ID INSECT-SPECIFIC FLAVIVIRUSES; SUPERINFECTION EXCLUSION; ORAL SUPERINFECTION; BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES; AEDES-TRISERIATUS; CULEX FLAVIVIRUS; INTERFERENCE; REPLICATION; CELLS; ENCEPHALITIS AB Nhumirim virus (NHUV) is an insect-specific virus that phylogenetically affiliates with dual-host mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Previous in vitro co-infection experiments demonstrated prior or concurrent infection of Aedes albopictus C6/36 mosquito cells with NHUV resulted in a 10,000-fold reduction in viral production of West Nile virus (WNV). This interference between WNV and NHUV was observed herein in an additional Ae. albopictus mosquito cell line, C7-10. A WNV 2K peptide (V9M) mutant capable of superinfection with a pre-established WNV infection demonstrated a comparable level of interference from NHUV as the parental WNV strain in C6/36 and C7-10 cells. Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens mosquitoes intrathoracically inoculated with NHUV and WNV, or solely with WNV as a control, were allowed to extrinsically incubate the viruses up to nine and 14 days, respectively, and transmissibility and replication of WNV was determined. The proportion of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes capable of transmitting WNV was significantly lower for the WNV/NHUV group than the WNV control at seven and nine days post inoculation (dpi), while no differences were observed in the Cx. pipiens inoculation group. By dpi nine, a 40% reduction in transmissibility in mosquitoes from the dual inoculation group was observed compared to the WNV-only control. These data indicate the potential that infection of some Culex spp. vectors with NHUV could serve as a barrier for efficient transmissibility of flaviviruses associated with human disease. C1 [Goenaga, Silvina; Levis, Silvana C.; Enria, Delia A.] Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas, RA-2700 Pergamino, Argentina. [Kenney, Joan L.; Duggal, Nisha K.; Delorey, Mark; Brault, Aaron C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Ebel, Gregory D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zhang, Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Virol, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Brault, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM silvigoenaga@gmail.com; vwx1@cdc.gov; wwd3@cdc.gov; esy7@cdc.gov; Gregory.Ebel@colostate.edu; zhangbo@wh.iov.cn; slevis0@yahoo.com; deliaenria@anlis.gov.ar; abrault@cdc.gov RI Ebel, Gregory/D-8324-2017 FU International Society for Infectious Diseases; National Institute of Health [AI067380] FX We would like to thank to Andrea Sherman for her assistance with colony maintenance and mosquito breeding. We thank to Hannah Romo and Elizabeth Dietrich for their assistance in the lab. S.G. was supported by a grant from the International Society for Infectious Diseases G.D.E. was funded by National Institute of Health award AI067380. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD NOV PY 2015 VL 7 IS 11 BP 5801 EP 5812 DI 10.3390/v7112911 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA CX4GB UT WOS:000365656000011 PM 26569286 ER PT J AU Pennington, PM Messenger, LA Reina, J Juarez, JG Lawrence, GG Dotson, EM Llewellyn, MS Cordon-Rosales, C AF Pennington, Pamela M. Messenger, Louisa Alexandra Reina, Jeffrey Juarez, Jose G. Lawrence, Gena G. Dotson, Ellen M. Llewellyn, Martin S. Cordon-Rosales, Celia TI The Chagas disease domestic transmission cycle in Guatemala: Parasite-vector switches and lack of mitochondrial co-diversification between Triatoma dimidiata and Trypanosoma cruzi subpopulations suggest non-vectorial parasite dispersal across the Motagua valley SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE Phylogeography; Population genetics; Cophylogeny; Vector-borne disease; Chagas disease ID RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; YUCATAN PENINSULA; DNA POLYMORPHISM; CENTRAL-AMERICA; BRAZIL; POPULATIONS; REDUVIIDAE; INFECTION; LATREILLE; HEMIPTERA AB Parasites transmitted by insects must adapt to their vectors and reservoirs. Chagas disease, an American zoonosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is transmitted by several species of triatomines. In Central America, Triatoma dimidiata is a widely dispersed vector found in sylvatic and domestic habitats, with distinct populations across the endemic region of Guatemala. Our aim was to test the strength of association between vector and parasite genetic divergence in domestic environments. Microsatellite (MS) loci were used to characterize parasites isolated from T. dimidiata (n = 112) collected in domestic environments. Moderate genetic differentiation was observed between parasites north and south of the Motagua Valley, an ancient biogeographic barrier (F-ST 0.138, p = 0.009). Slightly reduced genotypic diversity and increased heterozygosity in the north (Allelic richness (A(r)) = 1.00-6.05, F-IS -0.03) compared to the south (A(r) = 1.47-6.30, F-IS 0.022) suggest either a selective or demographic process during parasite dispersal. Based on parasite genotypes and geographic distribution, 15 vector specimens and their parasite isolates were selected for mitochondrial co-diversification analysis. Genetic variability and phylogenetic congruence were determined with mitochondrial DNA sequences (10 parasite maxicircle gene fragments and triatomine ND4 + CYTb). A Mantel test as well as phylogenetic, network and principal coordinates analyses supported at least three T. dimidiata haplogroups separated by geographic distance across the Motagua Valley. Maxicircle sequences showed low T. cruzi genetic variability (pi nucleotide diversity 0.00098) with no evidence of co-diversification with the vector, having multiple host switches across the valley. Sylvatic Didelphis marsupialis captured across the Motagua Valley were found to be infected with T. cruzi strains sharing MS genotypes with parasites isolated from domiciliated triatomines. The current parasite distribution in domestic environments can be explained by multiple parasite-host switches between vector populations and selection or bottleneck processes across the Motagua Valley, with a possible role for didelphids in domestic transmission. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pennington, Pamela M.; Reina, Jeffrey; Juarez, Jose G.; Cordon-Rosales, Celia] Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Estudios Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Messenger, Louisa Alexandra] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Lawrence, Gena G.; Dotson, Ellen M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Llewellyn, Martin S.] Univ Wales, Sch Biol Sci, Mol Ecol & Fisheries Genet Lab, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. RP Pennington, PM (reprint author), Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Estudios Salud, 18 Ave 11-95 Z 15 VH 3, Guatemala City, Guatemala. EM pamelap@uvg.edu.gt; ccordon@ces.uvg.edu.gt FU Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) World Health Organization [A30454, 990,545, A10322]; BBSRC Doctoral Training Grant; Gorgas exchange grant; ENLACE exchange grant FX This work was made possible by the following grants from Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) World Health Organization: A30454 and 990,545 to CCR, A10322 to PMP. LAM was supported by a BBSRC Doctoral Training Grant. PMP was supported by Gorgas and ENLACE exchange grants. We thank the Chagas Disease National Vector Control Program and the Entomology Sections for technical support during the entomological surveys. We thank Cynthia Ralda, Paola Rivera, Maria Eugenia Morales and Alejandra Estevez for technical support during parasite isolation, microsatellite marker development and characterization. We thank the ChagasEpiNet for sharing protocols. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X EI 1873-6254 J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 151 SI SI BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.014 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CW2CE UT WOS:000364797900008 PM 26215126 ER PT J AU Abad-Franch, F Lima, MM Sarquis, O Gurgel-Goncalves, R Sanchez-Martin, M Calzada, J Saldana, A Monteiro, FA Palomeque, FS Santos, WS Angulo, VM Esteban, L Dias, FBS Diotaiuti, L Bar, ME Gottdenker, NL AF Abad-Franch, Fernando Lima, Marli M. Sarquis, Otilia Gurgel-Goncalves, Rodrigo Sanchez-Martin, Maria Calzada, Jose Saldana, Azael Monteiro, Fernando A. Palomeque, Francisco S. Santos, Walter S. Angulo, Victor M. Esteban, Lyda Dias, Fernando B. S. Diotaiuti, Lileia Esther Bar, Maria Gottdenker, Nicole L. TI On palms, bugs, and Chagas disease in the Americas SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE Palms; Arecaceae; Triatominae; Rhodnius; Site-occupancy; Vector ecology; Chagas disease ID TRIATOMINES HEMIPTERA-REDUVIIDAE; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI INFECTION; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS HEMIPTERA; ATTALEA-BUTYRACEA PALMS; NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL; SYLVATIC TRIATOMINES; NATURAL INFECTION; ORAL-TRANSMISSION; VECTOR OCCURRENCE; INVADING HOUSES AB Palms are ubiquitous across Neotropical landscapes, from pristine forests or savannahs to large cities. Although palms provide useful ecosystem services, they also offer suitable habitat for triatomines and for Trypanosoma cruzi mammalian hosts. Wild triatomines often invade houses by flying from nearby palms, potentially leading to new cases of human Chagas disease. Understanding and predicting triatomine-palm associations and palm infestation probabilities is important for enhancing Chagas disease prevention in areas where palm-associated vectors transmit T. cruzi. We present a comprehensive overview of palm infestation by triatomines in the Americas, combining a thorough reanalysis of our published and unpublished records with an in-depth review of the literature. We use site-occupancy modeling (SOM) to examine infestation in 3590 palms sampled with non-destructive methods, and standard statistics to describe and compare infestation in 2940 palms sampled by felling-and-dissection. Thirty-eight palm species (18 genera) have been reported to be infested by similar to 39 triatomine species (10 genera) from the USA to Argentina. Overall infestation varied from 49.1-55.3% (SUM) to 62.6-66.1% (dissection), with important heterogeneities among sub-regions and particularly among palm species. Large palms with complex crowns (e.g., Attalea butyracea, Acrocomia aculeata) and some medium-crowned palms (e.g., Copernicia, Butia) are often infested; in slender, small-crowned palms (e.g., Euterpe) triatomines associate with vertebrate nests. Palm infestation tends to be higher in rural settings, but urban palms can also be infested. Most Rhodnius species are probably true palm specialists, whereas Psammolestes, Eratyrus, Cavernicola, Panstrongylus, Triatoma, Alberprosenia, and some Bolboderini seem to use palms opportunistically. Palms provide extensive habitat for enzootic T. cruzi cycles and a critical link between wild cycles and transmission to humans. Unless effective means to reduce contact between people and palm-living triatomines are devised, palms will contribute to maintaining long-term and widespread, albeit possibly low-intensity, transmission of human Chagas disease. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abad-Franch, Fernando] Inst Leonidas & Maria Deane Fiocruz, Lab Ecol Doencas Transmissiveis Amazonia, BR-69057070 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Abad-Franch, Fernando; Dias, Fernando B. S.; Diotaiuti, Lileia] Ctr Pesquisa Rene Rachou Fiocruz, Lab Triatomineos & Epidemiol Doenca Chagas, BR-30190002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Lima, Marli M.; Sarquis, Otilia] Inst Oswaldo Cruz Fiocruz, Lab Ecoepidemiol Doenca Chagas, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gurgel-Goncalves, Rodrigo] Univ Brasilia, Lab Parasitol Med & Biol Vetores, Fac Med, BR-70904970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Sanchez-Martin, Maria] Inst Salud Global Barcelona ISGlobal, Barcelona 08036, Catalunya, Spain. [Calzada, Jose; Saldana, Azael] Insituto Conmemorat Gorgas Estudios Salud, Panama City 081602593, Panama. [Monteiro, Fernando A.] Inst Oswaldo Cruz Fiocruz, Lab Epidemiol & Sistemat Mol, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Palomeque, Francisco S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Angulo, Victor M.] Inst Evandro Chagas SVS MS, Lab Doenca Chagas, Secao Parasitol, BR-67030000 Ananindeua, Para, Brazil. [Angulo, Victor M.; Esteban, Lyda] Univ Ind Santander, Ctr Invest Enfermedades Trop, CINTROP, Santander 680002, Colombia. [Esther Bar, Maria] Univ Nacl Nordeste, Fac Ciencia Exactas & Nat, Lab Artropodos, RA-3400 Corrientes, Argentina. [Gottdenker, Nicole L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Abad-Franch, F (reprint author), Ctr Pesquisa Rene Rachou Fiocruz, Lab Triatomineos & Epidemiol, Ave Augusto Lima 1715, BR-30190002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM fernando.abad@cpqrr.fiocruz.br FU Wellcome Trust [062984] NR 132 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X EI 1873-6254 J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 151 SI SI BP 126 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.005 PG 16 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CW2CE UT WOS:000364797900013 PM 26196330 ER PT J AU Cui, WJ Kobau, R Zack, MM Buelow, JM Austin, JK AF Cui, Wanjun Kobau, Rosemarie Zack, Matthew M. Buelow, Janice M. Austin, Joan K. TI Recent changes in attitudes of US adults toward people with epilepsy - Results from the 2005 SummerStyles and 2013 FallStyles surveys SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Stigma; Epilepsy; SummerStyles survey; FallStyles survey; US adults; Attitude and Beliefs about Living with Epilepsy (ABLE) scale ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; PUBLIC-ATTITUDES; MENTAL-ILLNESS; UNITED-STATES; FELT STIGMA; POPULATION; PERCEPTIONS; CONFIDENCE; KNOWLEDGE; DISEASES AB Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and the reliability of two components of the Attitudes and Beliefs about Living with Epilepsy (ABLE) scale and to measure the magnitude of the public's attitudes and behaviors toward persons with epilepsy using U.S. nationally representative samples in 2005 and 2013. Methods: We used data fromthe cross-sectional 2005 SummerStyles and 2013 FallStyles surveys to test the underlying structure of 16 items of the work and role expectations and personal fear and social avoidance subscales of ABLE by performing exploratory factor analysis (EFA). We estimated the percentages and 95% confidence intervals of adults who agreed or disagreed with each item. We also calculated the mean score of each subscale and used linear regression to obtain means adjusted for selected sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a two-factor structure, but with the exception of omitting one item regarding work activities persons with epilepsy cannot do work activities safely, from one subscale. Both subscales also showed a high level of reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.8 and Cronbach's alpha = 0.9, respectively). Among the items in the work and role expectations subscale, a significantly higher percentage of adults in 2013 than in 2005 reported strongly or moderately agreeing that persons with epilepsy can do anything as well as anyone else (56.4%, 95% CI = 54.1-58.7 vs. 47.6%, 95% CI = 45.8-49.3) and can cope with everyday life (69.8%, 95% CI= 67.5-72.0 vs. 55.0%, 95% CI= 53.2-56.7). Among the items in the personal fear and social avoidance subscale, a significantly higher percentage of adults reported in 2013 than in 2005 strongly or moderately agreeing that they would be nervous around persons with epilepsy (25.4%, 95% CI = 23.4-27.5 vs. 16.8%, 95% CI = 15.4-18.2) and would avoid those with frequent seizures (12.4%, 95% CI = 11.0-13.9 vs. 7.6%, 95% CI = 6.7-8.7). The adjusted mean score for work and role expectations differed by sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, and income in both years. The adjusted mean score for personal fear and social avoidance differed by sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, and marital status. Negative attitudes were slightly but significantly higher in 2013 than in 2005. Conclusions: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's ABLE scale is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to study and to track the public's attitudes and behaviors toward persons with epilepsy. Compared with 2005, US adults' reported level of expectations for personswith epilepsy improved only in certain aspects by 2013. Adults' level of personal fear and intention for social avoidance worsened from 2005 to 2013. Because the levels of expectations and of fear and social avoidance differed by sociodemographic characteristics, continued efforts tailored to specific groups are needed. To supplement educational programs focused on improving knowledge, new communication approaches grounded in decision theory that quell risk perceptions and allay negative emotional responses are recommended. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cui, Wanjun; Kobau, Rosemarie; Zack, Matthew M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Notional Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Populat Hlth, Epilepsy Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Buelow, Janice M.] Epilepsy Fdn, Landover, MD 20785 USA. [Austin, Joan K.] Indiana Univ, Sch Nursing, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Cui, WJ (reprint author), Div Populat Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS F-78, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wtd9@cdc.gov NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-5050 EI 1525-5069 J9 EPILEPSY BEHAV JI Epilepsy Behav. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 52 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.08.040 PN A PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA CW4UH UT WOS:000364990000020 PM 26409138 ER PT J AU Guy, GP Berkowitz, Z Holman, DM Hartman, AM AF Guy, Gery P., Jr. Berkowitz, Zahava Holman, Dawn M. Hartman, Anne M. TI Recent Changes in the Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Frequency of Indoor Tanning Among US Adults SO JAMA DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Guy, Gery P., Jr.; Berkowitz, Zahava; Holman, Dawn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Hartman, Anne M.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Guy, GP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop F76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM irm2@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-6068 EI 2168-6084 J9 JAMA DERMATOL JI JAMA Dermatol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 151 IS 11 BP 1256 EP 1259 DI 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.1568 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA CW9GD UT WOS:000365305900024 PM 26131768 ER PT J AU Djawe, K Buchacz, K Hsu, L Chen, MJ Selik, RM Rose, C Williams, T Brooks, JT Schwarcz, S AF Djawe, Kpandja Buchacz, Kate Hsu, Ling Chen, Miao-Jung Selik, Richard M. Rose, Charles Williams, Tiffany Brooks, John T. Schwarcz, Sandra TI Mortality Risk After AIDS-Defining Opportunistic Illness Among HIV-Infected Persons-San Francisco, 1981-2012 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE AIDS; AIDS-defining illness; mortality; HIV; survival ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; HAART ERA; DRUG-USE; SURVIVAL; IMPACT; DEATH; COHORT; DISEASE AB Objective. To examine whether improved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment was associated with better survival after diagnosis of AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses (AIDS-OIs) and how survival differed by AIDS-OI. Design. We used HIV surveillance data to conduct a survival analysis. Methods. We estimated survival probabilities after first AIDS-OI diagnosis among adult patients with AIDS in San Francisco during 3 treatment eras: 1981-1986; 1987-1996; and 1997-2012. We used Cox proportional hazards models to determine adjusted mortality risk by AIDS-OI in the years 1997-2012. Results. Among 20 858 patients with AIDS, the most frequently diagnosed AIDS-OIs were Pneumocystis pneumonia (39.1%) and Kaposi sarcoma (20.1%). Overall 5-year survival probability increased from 7% in 1981-1986 to 65% in 1997-2012. In 1997-2012, after adjustment for known confounders and using Pneumocystis pneumonia as the referent category, mortality rates after first AIDS-OI were highest for brain lymphoma (hazard ratio [HR], 5.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.98-8.87) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (HR, 4.22; 95% CI, 2.49-7.17). Conclusions. Survival after first AIDS-OI diagnosis has improved markedly since 1981. Some AIDS-OIs remain associated with substantially higher mortality risk than others, even after adjustment for known confounders. Better prevention and treatment strategies are still needed for AIDS-OIs occurring in the current HIV treatment era. C1 [Djawe, Kpandja; Buchacz, Kate; Selik, Richard M.; Rose, Charles; Williams, Tiffany; Brooks, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Djawe, Kpandja] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Williams, Tiffany] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, ICF Int, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Hsu, Ling; Chen, Miao-Jung; Schwarcz, Sandra] Univ Calif San Francisco, HIV Epidemiol Sect, AIDS Off, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Schwarcz, Sandra] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Djawe, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM kdjawe@cdc.gov FU CDC FX CDC provided funds to the San Francisco Department of Public Health to support routine HIV/AIDS surveillance, under which the data used in this project were collected. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 212 IS 9 BP 1366 EP 1375 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiv235 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA CW1QX UT WOS:000364767500005 PM 26044289 ER PT J AU Eisen, RJ Dennis, DT Gage, KL AF Eisen, Rebecca J. Dennis, David T. Gage, Kenneth L. TI The Role of Early-Phase Transmission in the Spread of Yersinia pestis SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE early-phase transmission; Yersinia pestis; flea; course of infection; plague ID XENOPSYLLA-CHEOPIS SIPHONAPTERA; OROPSYLLA-MONTANA SIPHONAPTERA; PLAGUE-VECTOR EFFICIENCY; FLEA-BORNE TRANSMISSION; MURINE TOXIN; PRAIRIE DOGS; PASTEURELLA-PESTIS; UNBLOCKED FLEAS; BUBONIC PLAGUE; EPIZOOTICS AB Early-phase transmission (EPT) of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas is a well documented, replicable phenomenon with poorly defined mechanisms. We review evidence demonstrating EPT and current knowledge on its biological and biomechanical processes. We discuss the importance of EPT in the epizootic spread of Y. pestis and its role in the maintenance of plague bacteria in nature. We further address the role of EPT in the epidemiology of plague. C1 [Eisen, Rebecca J.; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vectorborne Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging Zoonot Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Eisen, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vectorborne Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging Zoonot Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM dyn2@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 78 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 14 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1183 EP 1192 DI 10.1093/jme/tjv128 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA CW7SH UT WOS:000365199000001 PM 26336267 ER PT J AU Rizzo, MF Billeter, SA Osikowicz, L Luna-Caipo, DV Caceres, AG Kosoy, M AF Rizzo, M. F. Billeter, S. A. Osikowicz, L. Luna-Caipo, D. V. Caceres, A. G. Kosoy, M. TI Fleas and Flea-Associated Bartonella Species in Dogs and Cats from Peru SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bartonella spp.; cat; dog; Peru; Fleas ID SCRATCH DISEASE; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; HENSELAE; SIPHONAPTERA; INFECTION; ANIMALS; TICKS; SPP.; TRANSMISSION; CLARRIDGEIAE AB In the present study, we investigated 238 fleas collected from cats and dogs in three regions of Peru (Ancash, Cajamarca, and Lima) for the presence of Bartonella DNA. Bartonella spp. were detected by amplification of the citrate synthase gene (16.4%) and the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region (20.6%). Bartonella rochalimae was the most common species detected followed by Bartonella clarridgeiae and Bartonella henselae. Our results demonstrate that dogs and cats in Peru are infested with fleas harboring zoonotic Bartonella spp. and these infected fleas could pose a disease risk for humans. C1 [Rizzo, M. F.; Osikowicz, L.; Kosoy, M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Billeter, S. A.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Ontario, CA USA. [Luna-Caipo, D. V.] Direcc Reg Salud Cajamarca, Direcc Sub Reg Salud Cutervo, Direcc Ejecutiva Salud Ambiental, Lima, Peru. [Caceres, A. G.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Fac Med, Inst Med Trop Daniel A Carrion, Secc Entomol, Lima 14, Peru. [Caceres, A. G.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Fac Med, Dept Acad Microbiol Med, Lima 14, Peru. [Caceres, A. G.] Inst Nacl Salud, Entomol Lab, Lima, Peru. RP Kosoy, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM mck3@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1374 EP 1377 DI 10.1093/jme/tjv137 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA CW7SH UT WOS:000365199000023 PM 26363063 ER PT J AU Mapp, L Klonicki, P Takundwa, P Hill, VR Schneeberger, C Knee, J Raynor, M Hwang, NN Chambers, Y Miller, K Pope, M AF Mapp, Latisha Klonicki, Patricia Takundwa, Prisca Hill, Vincent R. Schneeberger, Chandra Knee, Jackie Raynor, Malik Hwang, Nina Chambers, Yildiz Miller, Kenneth Pope, Misty TI Use of Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus atrophaeus as surrogates to establish and maintain laboratory proficiency for concentration of water samples using ultrafiltration SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Drinking water; Ultrafiltration; Water Laboratory Alliance; Quality control (QC) criteria; Surrogate; Enterococcus faecalis; Bacillus atrophaeus ID SIMULTANEOUS RECOVERY; MICROBES AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Water Laboratory Alliance (WLA) currently uses ultrafiltration (UF) for concentration of biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) agents from large volumes (up to 100-L) of drinking water prior to analysis. Most UF procedures require comprehensive training and practice to achieve and maintain proficiency. As a result, there was a critical need to develop quality control (QC) criteria. Because select agents are difficult to work with and pose a significant safety hazard, QC criteria were developed using surrogates, including Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus atrophaeus. This article presents the results from the QC criteria development study and results from a subsequent demonstration exercise in which E. faecalis was used to evaluate proficiency using UF to concentrate large volume drinking water samples. Based on preliminary testing EPA Method 1600 and Standard Methods 9218, for E. faecalis and B. atrophaeus respectively, were selected for use during the QC criteria development study. The QC criteria established for Method 1600 were used to assess laboratory performance during the demonstration exercise. Based on the results of the QC criteria study E. faecalis and B. atrophaeus can be used effectively to demonstrate and maintain proficiency using ultrafiltration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mapp, Latisha; Takundwa, Prisca; Raynor, Malik; Hwang, Nina] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Klonicki, Patricia] CSC, Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. [Hill, Vincent R.; Schneeberger, Chandra; Knee, Jackie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Chambers, Yildiz; Miller, Kenneth; Pope, Misty] CSC, Sci & Engn, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. [Schneeberger, Chandra] IHRC Inc, Atlanta, GA 30346 USA. RP Mapp, L (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Mapp.Latisha@epamail.epa.gov OI Raynor, Malik/0000-0002-2324-1662 FU EPA's Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, Water Security Division [DW-75-922304801]; CDC Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response; Office of Environmental Microbiology; [DW-75-9223044801] FX This work was supported by the EPA's Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, Water Security Division under Interagency Agreement DW-75-922304801. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Erin Silvestri (EPA NHSRC) in facilitating this partnership, as well as her contributions to our planning workgroup and review of this manuscript. Additional support was provided by CDC Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response and Office of Environmental Microbiology. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by CDC or EPA. This work was completed under Interagency Agreement DW-75-9223044801. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD NOV PY 2015 VL 118 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.08.013 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA CW3KX UT WOS:000364892300022 PM 26306940 ER PT J AU Shapira, SK Hinton, CF Held, PK Jones, E Hannon, WH Ojodu, J AF Shapira, Stuart K. Hinton, Cynthia F. Held, Patrice K. Jones, Elizabeth Hannon, W. Harry Ojodu, Jelili TI Single newborn screen or routine second screening for primary congenital hypothyroidism SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE Primary congenital hypothyroidism; Newborn screening; Race and ethnicity; Routine second screen ID ADRENAL-HYPERPLASIA; UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; RISK-FACTORS; NEW-YORK; INFANTS; TEXAS; CALIFORNIA; THYROXINE; ETHNICITY AB Routine second screening of most newborns at 8-14 days of life for a panel of newborn conditions occurs in 12 U.S. states, while newborns in the other states typically undergo only a single routine newborn screen. The study objective was to evaluate screening consequences for primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in one- and two-screen states according to laboratory practices and medical or biochemical characteristics of screen-positive cases. Individual-level medical and biochemical data were retrospectively collected and analyzed for 2251 primary CH cases in one-screen (CA, WI) and two-screen (AL, DE, MD, OR, TX) states. Aggregate data were collected and analyzed for medical and biochemical characteristics of all screened newborns in the states. Among the states evaluated in this study, the detection rate of primary CH was higher in the one-screen states. In the two-screen states, 11.5% of cases were detected on the second screen. In multivariate analyses, only race/ethnicity was a significant predictor of cases identified on the first versus second screen, which likely reflects a physiologic difference in primary CH presentation. Newborn screening programs must heed the potential for newborns with CH not being detected by a single screen, particularly newborns of certain races/ethnicities. If the two-screen states converted to a single screen using their current algorithms, newborns currently identified on the routine second screen would presumably not be detected, resulting in probable delayed diagnosis and treatment. However, based on the one-screen state experiences, with appropriate modifications in screening method and algorithm, the two-screen states might convert to single screen operation for CH without loss in performance. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shapira, Stuart K.; Hinton, Cynthia F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Held, Patrice K.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jones, Elizabeth; Ojodu, Jelili] Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Newborn Screening & Genet Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hannon, W. Harry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shapira, SK (reprint author), CDC, NCBDDD, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sshapira@cdc.gov FU National Newborn Screening and Genetics Resource Center FX We gratefully acknowledge the study data contributors: Gail J. Mick, MD, Danita Rollin, BS, MT(ASCP), and Cindy Ashley, RN, BSN, Alabama Department of Public Health; Fred Lorey, PhD and Hao Tang, PhD, California Department of Public Health; Louis E. Bartoshesky MD, MPH, Delaware Division of Public Health; Fizza Gulamali-Majid, PhD and Hiten Dholakia, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene; Judi Tuerck, RN, MS and Cheryl Hermerath, MBA, DLM (ASCP), RM (NRM), Northwest Regional Newborn Screening Program; Susan M. Tanksley, PhD, Paula Guerin, RN, BSN, and Art Cowes, BS, Texas Department of State Health Services; and Gary Hoffman, BS and Karen Kennedy-Parker, MT (ASCP), Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. We thank Joshua Hernandez, MCTS from the Association of Public Health Laboratories for database development and support. We thank Bradford L Therrell, PhD and the National Newborn Screening and Genetics Resource Center for funding support of the workgroup meeting to plan and obtain support from stakeholders for their participation and contribution of study data, and for his helpful discussions in the planning stage for this study. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 EI 1096-7206 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 116 IS 3 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.08.003 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CW4TE UT WOS:000364984200004 PM 26293295 ER PT J AU Held, PK Shapira, SK Hinton, CF Jones, E Hannon, WH Ojodu, J AF Held, Patrice K. Shapira, Stuart K. Hinton, Cynthia F. Jones, Elizabeth Hannon, W. Harry Ojodu, Jelili TI Congenital adrenal hyperplasia cases identified by newborn screening in one- and two-screen states SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE Congenital adrenal hyperplasia; Newborn screening; Genetic testing; 17-Hydroxyprogesterone; Routine second screen ID 17-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE LEVELS; WEIGHT; TEXAS AB There is no clear consensus among state newborn screening programs on whether routine second screening of newborns identifies clinically relevant cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. This retrospective study evaluated laboratory practices, along with biochemical and medical characteristics of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) cases (1) detected on the first newborn screen in one-screen compared to two-screen states, and (2) detected on the first versus the second screen in the two-screen states, to determine the effectiveness of a second screen. A total of 374 confirmed cases of CAH from 2 one-screen states and 5 two-screen states were included in this study. Demographic data and diagnostic information on each reported case were collected and analyzed. Additionally, laboratory data, including screening methodologies and algorithms, were evaluated. The one-screen states reported 99 cases of CAH out of 1,740,586 (1 in 17,500) newborns screened: 88 (89%) identified on the first screen and 5 (5%) identified on the targeted second screen. The two-screen states reported 275 cases of CAH out of 2,629,627 (1 in 9500) newborns screened: 165 (60%) identified on the first screen and 99 (36%) identified on the second screen. Using a multivariate model, the only significant predictor of whether a case was identified on the first or the second screen in the two-screen states was the type of CAH. Compared with classical salt-wasting CAH, classical simple virilizing and non-classical CAH cases were less likely to be detected on the first versus the second screen. The routine second newborn screen is important for identifying children with CAH, particularly simple virilizing and non-classical forms, which might otherwise not be captured through a single screen. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Held, Patrice K.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Shapira, Stuart K.; Hinton, Cynthia F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jones, Elizabeth; Ojodu, Jelili] Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Newborn Screening & Genet Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hannon, W. Harry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Held, PK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, 465 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM heldpk@slh.wisc.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1U50HK000105] FX This study was supported by Cooperative Agreement #1U50HK000105 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 EI 1096-7206 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 116 IS 3 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.08.004 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CW4TE UT WOS:000364984200005 PM 26296712 ER PT J AU Halstead, MM Watson, CH Pappas, RS AF Halstead, Mary M. Watson, Clifford H. Pappas, R. Steven TI Electron Microscopic Analysis of Surface Inorganic Substances on Oral and Combustible Tobacco Products SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-OXALATE CRYSTALS; SMOKE PARTICULATE; CIGARETTES; MORPHOLOGY; THALLIUM; CADMIUM; LEAD AB Although quantitative trace toxic metal analyses have been performed on tobacco products, little has been published on inorganic particulate constituents on and inside the products. We analyzed these constituents using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The nature of SEM-EDS instrumentation makes it an ideal choice for inorganic particulate analyses and yields relevant information to potential exposures during consumption of oral tobacco products, and possibly as a consequence of smoking. Aluminum silicates, silica and calcium compounds were common inorganic particulate constituents of tobacco products. Aluminum silicates and silica from soil were found on external leaf surfaces. Phytolithic silica, found in the lumen of the plant leaf, is of biogenic origin. Calcium oxalate was also apparently of biogenic origin. Small mineral deposits on tobacco could have health implications. Minerals found on the surfaces of smokeless tobacco products could possibly abrade the oral mucosa and contribute to the oral inflammatory responses observed with smokeless tobacco product use. If micron and sub-micron size calcium particles on cigarette filler were transported in mainstream smoke, they could potentially induce a pulmonary irritant inflammation when inhaled. The transport of aluminum silicate and silica in smoke could potentially also contribute to chronic inflammatory disease. C1 [Halstead, Mary M.] Battelle Analyt Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Watson, Clifford H.; Pappas, R. Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Pappas, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM RPappas@cdc.gov FU US Food and Drug Administration Center for Tobacco Products FX This study was partially funded by an interagency agreement by the US Food and Drug Administration Center for Tobacco Products. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0146-4760 EI 1945-2403 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 39 IS 9 BP 698 EP 701 DI 10.1093/jat/bkv097 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA CW5NX UT WOS:000365043800004 PM 26286581 ER PT J AU Symanski, E Karpman, M Jimenez, M Lopez, DS Felknor, SA Upadhyaya, M Strom, SS Bondy, ML AF Symanski, Elaine Karpman, Michelle Jimenez, Maria Lopez, David S. Felknor, Sarah A. Upadhyaya, Mudita Strom, Sara S. Bondy, Melissa L. TI Using a Community-Engaged Approach to Develop a Bilingual Survey about Psychosocial Stressors among Individuals of Mexican Origin SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE Psychosocial; stress; Hispanics; air pollution; hypertension; community; focus group ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; POPULATION-BASED APPROACH; ARTERIAL-BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; URBAN COMMUNITIES; TRAFFIC NOISE; HYPERTENSION; AMERICANS; HEALTH; MATTER AB Hypertension is on the rise among Hispanics and is highest among those of Mexican origin. Recent studies have found a positive association between air pollution and blood pressure and hypertension. Moreover, a link between hypertension and adverse socioeconomic conditions is well established. However, less is known about psychosocial stressors, although their impact on coronary heart disease has been shown. To address this gap in the literature, community perspectives of the health consequences of environmental exposures and psychosocial stressors experienced among the Mexican-origin population in Houston, Texas were obtained through participation in focus groups, the establishment of a Neighborhood Council of Advisors (NCA), and the testing of a pilot questionnaire. Taken together, the findings from the community were used to develop a culturally sensitive, bilingual questionnaire for an investigation of the combined effects of environmental and psychosocial stressors on hypertension among individuals of Mexican origin. C1 [Symanski, Elaine; Karpman, Michelle; Jimenez, Maria; Lopez, David S.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Symanski, Elaine] Southwest Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Felknor, Sarah A.] NIOSH, Res Integrat & Extramural Performance, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Upadhyaya, Mudita] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Strom, Sara S.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX USA. [Bondy, Melissa L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Symanski, E (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, 1200 Herman Pressler Dr,W-1028, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR grant [83458101]; University of Texas MD Anderson Duncan Family Institute for Cancer Prevention and Risk Assessment FX This work was supported by an U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR grant (#83458101). It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA and the views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors. The Mexican American Cohort Study is partially supported by funds from the University of Texas MD Anderson Duncan Family Institute for Cancer Prevention and Risk Assessment and by funds collected pursuant to the Comprehensive Tobacco Settlement to the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 EI 1548-6869 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD NOV PY 2015 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1456 EP 1471 PG 16 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW2CW UT WOS:000364799700028 PM 26548692 ER PT J AU Yan, XZ Zhang, LQ Hearn, BA Valentin-Blasini, L Polzin, GM Watson, CH AF Yan, Xizheng Zhang, Liqin Hearn, Bryan A. Valentin-Blasini, Liza Polzin, Gregory M. Watson, Clifford H. TI A High Throughput Method for Estimating Mouth-Level Intake of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-SPECIFIC NITROSAMINES; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FILTER ANALYSIS; NICOTINE; CONSTITUENTS; EXPOSURE; COTININE AB We developed a high throughput method for estimating smoker's mainstream smoke intake on a per-cigarette basis by analyzing discarded cigarette butts. This new method utilizes ultraviolet/visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometric analysis of isopropanol-soluble smoke particulate matter extracted from discarded cigarette filters. When measured under a wide range of smoking conditions for a given brand variant, smoking machine delivery of nicotine, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines can be related to the overall filter extract absorbance at 360nm. Once this relationship has been established, UV-Vis analysis of a discarded cigarette filter butt gives a quantitative measure of a smoker's exposure to these analytes. The measured mainstream smoke constituents correlated closely (correlation coefficients from 0.9303 to 0.9941) with the filter extract absorbance. These high correlations held over a wide range of smoking conditions for 2R4F research cigarettes as well as popular domestic cigarette brands sold in the United States. This low cost, high throughput method is suitable for high volume analyses (hundreds of samples per day) because UV-Vis spectrophotometry, rather than mass spectrometry, is used for the cigarette filter butt analysis. This method provides a stable and noninvasive means for estimating mouth-level delivery of many mainstream smoke constituents. The ability to gauge the mouth-level intake of harmful chemicals and total mainstream smoke for cigarette smokers in a natural setting on a cigarette-by-cigarette basis can provide insights on factors contributing to morbidity and mortality from cigarette smoking, as well as insights on strategies related to smoking cessation. C1 [Yan, Xizheng; Zhang, Liqin; Hearn, Bryan A.; Valentin-Blasini, Liza; Polzin, Gregory M.; Watson, Clifford H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tobacco & Volatiles Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watson, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tobacco & Volatiles Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop F-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cwatson@cdc.gov FU CDC FX This study was supported financially by internal CDC funding. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 EI 1469-994X J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1324 EP 1330 DI 10.1093/ntr/ntu344 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CW1SU UT WOS:000364772500005 PM 25649054 ER PT J AU Kersh, EN Henning, TR Dobard, C Heneine, W McNicholl, JM AF Kersh, Ellen N. Henning, Tara R. Dobard, Charles Heneine, Walid McNicholl, Janet M. TI Short Communication: Practical Experience with Analysis and Design of Repeat Low-Dose SHIVSF162P3 Exposure Studies in Female Pigtail Macaques with Varying Susceptibility During Menstrual Cycling SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; CHALLENGE EXPERIMENTS; MACACA-NEMESTRINA; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; HIV; TRANSMISSION; MODEL AB Vaginal SHIVSF162P3 acquisition in pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) is dependent on time point during the menstrual cycle. Susceptibility is higher around menstruation and lower at ovulation in mid cycle. This complicates the design of repeat low-dose (RLD) SHIV exposure studies because virus challenges given during low susceptibility periods have lower chances to infect. To account for fluctuating susceptibility, we analyzed menstrual cycles rather than exposures until infection following virus challenges. We first reanalyzed infection data of 41 macaques receiving placebo or no treatment during once (n=18) or twice (n=23) weekly virus exposures. The same number of cycles was required for infection with either challenge frequency, while it took a median four or six challenges for once or twice weekly exposures, respectively. More virus challenges to infection likely reflect frequent unsuccessful exposures in frequently exposed animals. When reanalyzing two previously reported biomedical HIV intervention studies, we found 1% tenofovir gel was 74% or 86% efficacious based on cycles or exposures (p=0.019 or p=0.003, respectively, Fisher's exact test), while 1% raltegravir gel was 84% or 89 % efficacious, respectively (p=0.047 or p=0.031). Evaluating the number of menstrual cycles rather than exposures until infection can account for varying susceptibility during the menstrual cycle. Our observations have implications for future study designs such as planning the frequency of virus exposures. Menstrual cycle analysis may also avoid potential overestimation of efficacy against vaginal challenges during low susceptibility periods in the cycle that are unlikely to cause infection. C1 [Kersh, Ellen N.; Henning, Tara R.; Dobard, Charles; Heneine, Walid; McNicholl, Janet M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Kersh, EN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A25, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ekersh@cdc.gov FU CDC; CDC [Y1-A1-0681-02]; NIH [Y1-A1-0681-02] FX The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. SHIVSF162P3 was obtained through the NIH AIDS Reagent Program, NIAID, NIH from Drs. Janet Harouse, Cecilia Cheng-Mayer, Ranajit Pal, and the DAIDS, NIAID. We gratefully acknowledge CDC's animal care staff, the HIV Lab Animal Model staff, and other CDC colleagues who performed the studies from which previously published data were analyzed. We thank Debra Hanson for insights into animal model designs. This work was funded by the CDC and an interagency agreement (Y1-A1-0681-02) between the CDC and NIH. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1166 EP 1169 DI 10.1089/aid.2014.0373 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA CV5SJ UT WOS:000364331100013 PM 26165400 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Lawman, HG Skinner, AC McGuire, LC Allison, DB Ogden, CL AF Freedman, David S. Lawman, Hannah G. Skinner, Asheley C. McGuire, Lisa C. Allison, David B. Ogden, Cynthia L. TI Validity of the WHO cutoffs for biologically implausible values of weight, height, and BMI in children and adolescents in NHANES from 1999 through 2012 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BIV; BMI; body size; children; NHANES; outliers ID QUANTILE REGRESSION; GROWTH CHARTS; UNITED-STATES; US CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDHOOD; SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE AB Background: The WHO cutoffs to classify biologically implausible values (BIVs) for weight, height, and weight-for-height in children and adolescents are widely used in data cleaning. Objectives: We assess 1) the prevalence of these BIVs, 2) whether they were consistent with information on waist circumference, arm circumference, and leg lengths, and 3) the effect of their exclusion on the estimated prevalence of obesity in 2- to 19-y-olds in the NHANES, which is a study in which extreme values were verified when recorded. Design: We conducted cross-sectional analyses in 26,480 children and adolescents in the NHANES from 1999-2000 through 2011 2012. Results: The overall prevalence for a BIV for any body-size measure was 0.9% (n=277), and almost all BIVs were due to extremely high, rather than low, values. Of 186 subjects who had a high BIV for weight or body mass index (BMI), all but one subject had both arm and waist circumferences that were greater than the sex- and age-specific 95th percentiles; 75% of subjects had circumferences greater than the 99th percentile. Of 63 subjects with a high height BIV, 75% of them had a leg length that was greater than the 95th percentile. The exclusion of children and adolescents with a BIV reduced the overall prevalence of obesity by similar to 0.5 percentage points and by 1.7% in non-Hispanic blacks. Conclusions: Most of the extremely high values of weight, height, and BMI flagged as BIVs in the NHANES are very likely correct. The increase of z score cutoffs or the use of an alternative method to detect possible errors could improve the balance between removing incorrect values and retaining extremely high, but accurate, values in other data sets. C1 [Freedman, David S.; McGuire, Lisa C.] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lawman, Hannah G.; Ogden, Cynthia L.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Skinner, Asheley C.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Allison, David B.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Nutr Obes Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr Phys Activ & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dxf1@cdc.gov RI Skinner, Asheley/Q-5793-2016 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1000 EP 1006 DI 10.3945/ajcn.115.115576 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA CV4YV UT WOS:000364273300006 PM 26377160 ER PT J AU Kalayil, EJ Dolan, SB Lindley, MC Ahmed, F AF Kalayil, Elizabeth J. Dolan, Samantha B. Lindley, Megan C. Ahmed, Faruque TI Influenza vaccination of health care personnel: Experiences with the first year of a national data collection effort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Vaccination; Health care personnel; Quality measure; Data collection methods; Qualitative analysis ID STANDARDIZED MEASURE; RATES AB Background: The purpose of this project was to evaluate a standardized measure of health care personnel (HCP) influenza vaccination during the first year of implementation. The measure requires acute care hospitals to gather vaccination status data from employees, licensed independent practitioners (LIPs), and adult students/trainees and volunteers. The evaluation included a hospital sampling frame stratified by 4 United States Census Bureau Regions and hospital bed count. The hospitals were selected within strata using simple random sampling and the probability proportional to size method, without replacement. Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted. Two qualitative data analysts independently coded each interview, and data were synthesized using a thematic analysis. This evaluation took place at hospitals reporting HCP influenza vaccination data as part of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting (IQR) Program. Participants included the staff at 46 hospitals who were knowledgeable about data collection to fulfill IQR program requirements. Results: Facilitators of data collection included having a small number of HCP, having a data collection systemalready in place, and providing HCP with advance notice of data collection. Major challenges included the absence of an established tracking process and monitoring HCP not regularly working in the facility, particularly LIPs. More than half of the facilities noted the time-and/or resource-intensive nature of data collection. Most facilities used data collected to meet other reporting requirements beyond the IQR Program. Conclusions: Hospitals implemented a range of data collection methods to comply with reporting requirements. Lessons learned from the first year of measure implementation can be used to enhance data collection practices across HCP groups for future influenza seasons. Copyright (C) 2015 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kalayil, Elizabeth J.] Carter Consulting Inc, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. [Kalayil, Elizabeth J.; Dolan, Samantha B.; Lindley, Megan C.; Ahmed, Faruque] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kalayil, EJ (reprint author), Carter Consulting Inc, 2310 Parklake Dr NE,Ste 535, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM ehk2@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health [U36/CCU300430] FX This article was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U36/CCU300430 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 EI 1527-3296 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1154 EP 1160 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.06.018 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA CV8AR UT WOS:000364499400005 PM 26234522 ER PT J AU Chea, N Perz, JF Srinivasan, A Laufer, AS Pollack, LA AF Chea, Nora Perz, Joseph F. Srinivasan, Arjun Laufer, Alison S. Pollack, Lori A. TI Identify, isolate, inform: Background and considerations for Ebola virus disease preparedness in US ambulatory care settings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Ebola; Infection control; Outpatients; United States AB Public health activities to identify and monitor persons at risk for Ebola virus disease in the United States include directing persons at risk to assessment facilities that are prepared to safely evaluate for Ebola virus disease. Although it is unlikely that a person with Ebola virus disease will unexpectedly present to a nonemergency ambulatory care facility, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have provided guidance for this setting that can be summarized as identify, isolate, and inform. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. C1 [Chea, Nora; Perz, Joseph F.; Srinivasan, Arjun; Laufer, Alison S.; Pollack, Lori A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chea, Nora] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Sci Educ & Profess Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pollack, LA (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lpollack@cdc.gov RI Laufer Halpin, Alison/E-5453-2015 OI Laufer Halpin, Alison/0000-0003-1643-1617 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 EI 1527-3296 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1244 EP 1245 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.06.032 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA CV8AR UT WOS:000364499400019 PM 26277570 ER PT J AU Irish, SR Stevens, WMB Derua, YA Walker, T Cameron, MM AF Irish, Seth R. Stevens, William M. B. Derua, Yahya A. Walker, Thomas Cameron, Mary M. TI Comparison of Methods for Xenomonitoring in Vectors of Lymphatic Filariasis in Northeastern Tanzania SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS DIPTERA; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; GRAVID TRAPS; LIGHT TRAPS; MOSQUITOS; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION AB Monitoring Wuchereria bancrofti infection in mosquitoes (xenomonitoring) can play an important role in determining when lymphatic filariasis has been eliminated, or in focusing control efforts. As mosquito infection rates can be low, a method for collecting large numbers of mosquitoes is necessary. Gravid traps collected large numbers of Culex quinquefasciatus in Tanzania, and a collection method that targets mosquitoes that have already fed could result in increased sensitivity in detecting W. bancrofti-infected mosquitoes. The aim of this experiment was to test this hypothesis by comparing U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps with CDC gravid traps in northeastern Tanzania, where Cx. quinquefasciatus is a vector of lymphatic filariasis. After an initial study where small numbers of mosquitoes were collected, a second study collected 16,316 Cx. quinquefasciatus in 60 gravid trap-nights and 240 light trap-nights. Mosquitoes were pooled and tested for presence of W. bancrofti DNA. Light and gravid traps collected similar numbers of mosquitoes per trap-night, but the physiological status of the mosquitoes was different. The estimated infection rate in mosquitoes collected in light traps was considerably higher than in mosquitoes collected in gravid traps, so light traps can be a useful tool for xenomonitoring work in Tanzania. C1 London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Derua, Yahya A.] Natl Inst Med Res, Muheza, Tanzania. [Irish, Seth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Stevens, William M. B.] St Georges Roman Catholic Sch, London, England. [Walker, Thomas; Cameron, Mary M.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. RP Irish, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,G-49, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM sirish@cdc.gov; w.stevens@stgeorgesrc.org; yahyaathman@yahoo.com; thomas.walker@Ishtm.ac.uk; mary.cameron@Ishtm.ac.uk OI Walker, Thomas/0000-0002-3545-012X FU LSHTM; AgriSense BCS Ltd. (Wales, United Kingdom); Wellcome Trust; Royal Society FX The funding for this project came from LSHTM and a grant from AgriSense BCS Ltd. (Wales, United Kingdom). Funding was also provided by a Wellcome Trust and Royal Society grant awarded to Thomas Walker. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 93 IS 5 BP 983 EP 989 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0234 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CV7FJ UT WOS:000364437500016 PM 26350454 ER PT J AU Razuri, H Malecki, M Tinoco, Y Ortiz, E Guezala, MC Romero, C Estela, A Brena, P Morales, ML Reaves, EJ Gomez, J Uyeki, TM Widdowson, MA Azziz-Baumgartner, E Bausch, DG Schildgen, V Schildgen, O Montgomery, JM AF Razuri, Hugo Malecki, Monika Tinoco, Yeny Ortiz, Ernesto Guezala, M. Claudia Romero, Candice Estela, Abel Brena, Patricia Morales, Maria-Luisa Reaves, Erik. J. Gomez, Jorge Uyeki, Timothy M. Widdowson, Marc-Alain Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo Bausch, Daniel G. Schildgen, Verena Schildgen, Oliver Montgomery, Joel M. TI Human Coronavirus-Associated Influenza-Like Illness in the Community Setting in Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT; VIRUS; HKU1; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE AB We present findings describing the epidemiology of non-severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus-associated influenza-like illness from a population-based active follow-up study in four different regions of Peru. In 2010, the prevalence of infections by-human coronaviruses 229E, OC43, NL63, or HKU1 was 6.4% in participants with influenza-like illness who tested negative for influenza viruses. Ten of 11 human coronavirus infections were identified in the fall-winter season. Human coronaviruses are present in different regions of Peru and are relatively frequently associated with influenza-like illness in Peru. C1 US Naval Med Res Unit 6, Lima, Peru. [Malecki, Monika; Schildgen, Verena; Schildgen, Oliver] Univ Witten Herdecke, Klinikum Privaten, Kliniken Stadt Koln gGmbH, Inst Pathol, Cologne, Germany. [Gomez, Jorge] Clin San Pablo, Lima, Peru. [Uyeki, Timothy M.; Widdowson, Marc-Alain; Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bausch, Daniel G.] Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. [Razuri, Hugo; Tinoco, Yeny; Ortiz, Ernesto; Guezala, M. Claudia; Romero, Candice; Estela, Abel; Brena, Patricia; Morales, Maria-Luisa; Reaves, Erik. J.; Bausch, Daniel G.; Montgomery, Joel M.] US Naval Med Res Unit 6, Virol & Emerging Infect Dept, Callao, Peru. RP Razuri, H (reprint author), McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Res Inst, 687 Pine Ave Bldg 5 Rm V2-08, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A1, Canada. EM hugo.razuri@clinepi.mcgill.ca; maleckim@kliniken-koeln.de; yeny.tinoco@med.navy.mil; ernesto.ortiz@duke.edu; claudia.guezala@med.navy.mil; candice.romero@med.navy.mil; abelestela@gmail.com; patricia.brena.c@gmail.com; malu.morales.fernandez@gmail.com; erikreaves@gmail.com; jlgomezb@gmail.com; tmu0@cdc.gov; zux5@cdc.gov; eha9@cdc.gov; dbausch@tulane.edu; schildgenv@kliniken-koeln.de; schildgeno@kliniken-koeln.de; jmontgomery@cdc.gov FU Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftung, Hesse, Germany; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, MD FX This project was partially supported by grants from the Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftung, Hesse, Germany, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, and the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, MD. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1038 EP 1040 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0271 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CV7FJ UT WOS:000364437500026 PM 26324726 ER PT J AU Schwartz, BS Rosen, J Han, PV Hynes, NA Hagmann, SH Rao, SR Jentes, ES Ryan, ET LaRocque, RC AF Schwartz, Brian S. Rosen, Jessica Han, Pauline V. Hynes, Noreen A. Hagmann, Stefan H. Rao, Sowmya R. Jentes, Emily S. Ryan, Edward T. LaRocque, Regina C. CA Global TravEpiNet Consortium TI Immunocompromised Travelers: Demographic Characteristics, Travel Destinations, and Pretravel Health Care from the US Global TravEpiNet Consortium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL; INFLUENZA VACCINE; HIV-INFECTION; MORBIDITY; RESPONSES AB An increasing number of immunocompromised individuals are pursuing international travel, and a better understanding of their international travel patterns and pretravel health care is needed. We evaluated the clinical features, itineraries, and pretravel health care of 486 immunocompromised international travelers seen at Global TravEpiNet sites from January 2009 to June 2012. We used bivariate analyses and logistic regressions using random intercept models to compare demographic and travel characteristics, vaccines administered, and medications prescribed for immunocompromised travelers versus 30,702 immunocompetent travelers. Immunocompromised travelers pursued itineraries that were largely similar to those of immunocompetent travelers, with nearly one-third of such travelers visiting countries with low human development indices. Biological agents, including tumor necrosis factor blockers, were commonly used immunosuppressive medications among immunocompromised travelers. A strong collaboration between travel-medicine specialists, primary care doctors, and specialist physicians is needed to prepare immunocompromised people for international travel. Incorporating routine questioning and planning regarding travel into the primary care visits of immunocompromised people may be useful. C1 [Schwartz, Brian S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Infect Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Rosen, Jessica] Georgetown Univ, Div Infect Dis & Travel Med, Washington, DC USA. [Han, Pauline V.; Jentes, Emily S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hynes, Noreen A.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Travel & Trop Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Bronx, NY 10456 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Rao, Sowmya R.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Quantitat Hlth Sci, Worcester, MA USA. Bedford Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Ctr Hlth Qual Outcomes & Econ Res, Bedford, MA USA. [LaRocque, Regina C.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Travelers Advice & Immunizat Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Hagmann, Stefan H.] Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr, Pediat, Bronx, NY 10456 USA. [Ryan, Edward T.; LaRocque, Regina C.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP LaRocque, RC (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Travelers Advice & Immunizat Ctr, 55 Fruit St,GRJ 504, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM brian.schwartz@ucsf.edu; jessicarosen@hotmail.com; pauline.han@gmail.com; nhynes1@jhmi.edu; shagmann@bronxleb.org; srrao@partners.org; efj8@cdc.gov; etryan@partners.org; rclarocque@partners.org FU U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U19CI000514, U01CK000175] FX This work was supported by U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Grants U19CI000514 and U01CK000175. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1110 EP 1116 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0185 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CV7FJ UT WOS:000364437500040 PM 26304922 ER PT J AU Nguyen, VD Bennett, SD Mungai, E Gieraltowski, L Hise, K Gould, LH AF Nguyen, Von D. Bennett, Sarah D. Mungai, Elisabeth Gieraltowski, Laura Hise, Kelley Gould, L. Hannah TI Increase in Multistate Foodborne Disease Outbreaks-United States, 1973-2010 SO Foodborne Pathogens and Disease LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE NETWORK AB Introduction: Changes in food production and distribution have increased opportunities for foods contaminated early in the supply chain to be distributed widely, increasing the possibility of multistate outbreaks. In recent decades, surveillance systems for foodborne disease have been improved, allowing officials to more effectively identify related cases and to trace and identify an outbreak's source. Materials and Methods: We reviewed multistate foodborne disease outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System during 1973-2010. We calculated the percentage of multistate foodborne disease outbreaks relative to all foodborne disease outbreaks and described characteristics of multistate outbreaks, including the etiologic agents and implicated foods. Results: Multistate outbreaks accounted for 234 (0.8%) of 27,755 foodborne disease outbreaks, 24,003 (3%) of 700,600 outbreak-associated illnesses, 2839 (10%) of 29,756 outbreak-associated hospitalizations, and 99 (16%) of 628 outbreak-associated deaths. The median annual number of multistate outbreaks increased from 2.5 during 1973-1980 to 13.5 during 2001-2010; the number of multistate outbreak-associated illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths also increased. Most multistate outbreaks were caused by Salmonella (47%) and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (26%). Foods most commonly implicated were beef (22%), fruits (13%), and leafy vegetables (13%). Conclusions: The number of identified and reported multistate foodborne disease outbreaks has increased. Improvements in detection, investigation, and reporting of foodborne disease outbreaks help explain the increasing number of reported multistate outbreaks and the increasing percentage of outbreaks that were multistate. Knowing the etiologic agents and foods responsible for multistate outbreaks can help to identify sources of food contamination so that the safety of the food supply can be improved. C1 [Nguyen, Von D.; Bennett, Sarah D.; Mungai, Elisabeth; Gieraltowski, Laura; Hise, Kelley; Gould, L. Hannah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Gould, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C09, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM lgould@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 12 IS 11 BP 867 EP 872 DI 10.1089/fpd.2014.1908 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA CV5MG UT WOS:000364314200001 PM 26284611 ER PT J AU Liao, YX Li, YH Wu, SY Mou, J Xu, ZK Cui, RL Klena, JD Shi, XL Lu, Y Qiu, YQ Lin, YM Xie, X Ma, HW Li, ZJ Yu, HJ Varma, JK Ran, L Hu, QH Cheng, JQ AF Liao, Yuxue Li, Yinghui Wu, Shuyu Mou, Jin Xu, Zengkang Cui, Rilin Klena, John D. Shi, Xiaolu Lu, Yan Qiu, Yaqun Lin, Yiman Xie, Xu Ma, Hanwu Li, Zhongjie Yu, Hongjie Varma, Jay K. Ran, Lu Hu, Qinghua Cheng, Jinquan TI Risk Factors for Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in a Southern Coastal Region of China SO Foodborne Pathogens and Disease LA English DT Article ID FOODBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; GASTROENTERITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objectives: The objectives of the study were to identify dietary and medical risk factors for Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) infection in the coastal city Shenzhen in China. Methods: In April-October 2012, we conducted a case-control study in two hospitals in Shenzhen, China. Laboratory-confirmed VP cases (N=83) were matched on age, sex, and other social factors to healthy controls (N=249). Subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire on medical history; contact with seawater; clinical symptoms and outcome; travel history over the past week; and dietary history 3 days prior to onset. Laboratory tests were used to culture, serotype, and genotype VP strains. We used logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios for the association of VP infection with potential risk factors. Results: In multivariate analysis, VP infection was associated with having pre-existing chronic disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-23.7), eating undercooked seafood (aOR, 8.0; 95% CI, 1.3-50.4), eating undercooked meat (aOR, 29.1; 95% CI, 3.0-278.2), eating food from a street food vendor (aOR, 7.6; 95% CI, 3.3-17.6), and eating vegetable salad (aOR, 12.1; 95% CI, 5.2-28.2). Conclusions: Eating raw (undercooked) seafood and meat is an important source of VP infection among the study population. Cross-contamination of VP in other food (e.g., vegetables and undercooked meat) likely plays a more important role. Intervention should be taken to lower the risks of cross-contamination with undercooked seafood/meat, especially targeted at people with low income, transient workers, and people with medical risk factors. C1 [Liao, Yuxue; Li, Yinghui; Mou, Jin; Shi, Xiaolu; Lu, Yan; Qiu, Yaqun; Lin, Yiman; Xie, Xu; Ma, Hanwu; Hu, Qinghua; Cheng, Jinquan] Shenzhen Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shenzhen Major Infect Dis Control Key Lab, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wu, Shuyu; Klena, John D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emerging Infect Program, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wu, Shuyu; Klena, John D.; Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global Hlth Protect, Global Dis Detect Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Xu, Zengkang; Cui, Rilin] Xixiang Peoples Hosp, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Li, Zhongjie; Yu, Hongjie; Ran, Lu] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Infect Dis, Key Lab Surveillance & Early Warning Infect Dis, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Hu, QH (reprint author), Shenzhen Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shenzhen Major Infect Dis Control Key Lab, 8 Longquan Rd, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM huqinghua03@163.com; cjinquan@sohu.vip.com FU China-US Collaborative Program on Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, US CDC [1U2GGH000961-01]; China National Science and Technology Major Projects Foundation [2012ZX10 004215-003-005] FX This study was supported by the China-US Collaborative Program on Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, US CDC (1U2GGH000961-01), and China National Science and Technology Major Projects Foundation (No. 2012ZX10 004215-003-005). We acknowledge the participation of district CDCs in Shenzhen and Longgang People's Hospital in Shenzhen. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 12 IS 11 BP 881 EP 886 DI 10.1089/fpd.2015.1988 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA CV5MG UT WOS:000364314200003 PM 26287765 ER PT J AU Flahault, A Orenstein, W Garon, J Kew, O Bickford, J Tulchinsky, T AF Flahault, Antoine Orenstein, Walter Garon, Julie Kew, Olen Bickford, Joan Tulchinsky, Theodore TI Comparing Israeli and Palestinian polio vaccination policies and the challenges of silent entry of wild poliovirus in 2013-14: a 'natural experiment' SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID WEST-BANK; POLIOMYELITIS; ERADICATION; GAZA C1 [Flahault, Antoine] Univ Geneva, Fac Med, Geneva, Switzerland. [Flahault, Antoine] Sorbonne Paris Cite, Descartes Sch Med, Ctr Virchow Villerme, Paris, France. [Orenstein, Walter; Garon, Julie] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kew, Olen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bickford, Joan] Manitoba Hlth, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Tulchinsky, Theodore] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Braun Sch Publ Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Flahault, A (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Fac Med, Geneva, Switzerland. EM antoine.flahault@unige.ch NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-8556 EI 1661-8564 J9 INT J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Int. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2015 VL 60 IS 7 BP 765 EP 766 DI 10.1007/s00038-015-0700-0 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV8GV UT WOS:000364521200006 PM 26140857 ER PT J AU Payne, DC Currier, RL Staat, MA Sahni, LC Selvarangan, R Halasa, NB Englund, JA Weinberg, GA Boom, JA Szilagyi, PG Klein, EJ Chappell, J Harrison, CJ Davidson, BS Mijatovic-Rustempasic, S Moffatt, MD McNeal, M Wikswo, M Bowen, MD Morrow, AL Parashar, UD AF Payne, Daniel C. Currier, Rebecca L. Staat, Mary A. Sahni, Leila C. Selvarangan, Rangaraj Halasa, Natasha B. Englund, Janet A. Weinberg, Geoffrey A. Boom, Julie A. Szilagyi, Peter G. Klein, Eileen J. Chappell, James Harrison, Christopher J. Davidson, Barbara S. Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Slavica Moffatt, Mary D. McNeal, Monica Wikswo, Mary Bowen, Michael D. Morrow, Ardythe L. Parashar, Umesh D. TI Epidemiologic Association Between FUT2 Secretor Status and Severe Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children in the United States SO JAMA Pediatrics LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-GROUP ANTIGENS; DIARRHEA-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NORWALK VIRUS-INFECTION; NOROVIRUS INFECTION; VACCINE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PENTAVALENT; POPULATION; GENOTYPE AB IMPORTANCE A genetic polymorphism affecting FUT2 secretor status in approximately one-quarter of humans of European descent affects the expression of histo-blood group antigens on the mucosal epithelia of human respiratory, genitourinary, and digestive tracts. These histo-blood group antigens serve as host receptor sites necessary for attachment and infection of some pathogens, including norovirus. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether an association exists between FUT2 secretor status and laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infections in US children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter case-control observational study involving active surveillance at 6 US pediatric medical institutions in the inpatient and emergency department clinical settings. We enrolled 1564 children younger than 5 years with acute gastroenteritis (diarrhea and/or vomiting) and 818 healthy controls frequency matched by age and month, from December 1, 2011, through March 31, 2013. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Paired fecal-saliva specimens were tested for rotavirus and for secretor status. Comparisons were made between rotavirus test-positive cases and healthy controls stratified by ethnicity and vaccination status. Adjusted multivariable analyses assessed the preventive association of secretor status against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. RESULTS One (0.5%) of 189 rotavirus test-positive cases was a nonsecretor, compared with 188 (23%) of 818 healthy control participants (P < .001). Healthy control participants of Hispanic ethnicity were significantly less likely to be nonsecretors (13%) compared with healthy children who were not of Hispanic ethnicity (25%) (P < .001). After controlling for vaccination and other factors, children with the nonsecretor FUT2 polymorphism appeared statistically protected (98%[95% CI, 84%-100%]) against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Severe rotavirus gastroenteritis was virtually absent among US children who had a genetic polymorphism that inactivates FUT2 expression on the intestinal epithelium. We observed a strong epidemiologic association among children with rotavirus gastroenteritis compared with healthy control participants. The exact cellular mechanism behind this epidemiologic association remains unclear, but evidence suggests that it may be rotavirus genotype specific. The lower prevalence of nonsecretors among Hispanic children may translate to an enhanced burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis among this group. Our findings may have bearing on our full understanding of rotavirus infections and the effects of vaccination in diverse populations. C1 [Payne, Daniel C.; Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Slavica; Wikswo, Mary; Bowen, Michael D.; Parashar, Umesh D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Currier, Rebecca L.; Staat, Mary A.; Davidson, Barbara S.; McNeal, Monica; Morrow, Ardythe L.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Sahni, Leila C.; Boom, Julie A.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Selvarangan, Rangaraj; Harrison, Christopher J.; Moffatt, Mary D.] Childrens Mercy Hosp & Clin, Kansas City, MO USA. [Halasa, Natasha B.; Chappell, James] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Englund, Janet A.; Klein, Eileen J.] Seattle Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA. [Weinberg, Geoffrey A.; Szilagyi, Peter G.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY USA. [Boom, Julie A.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Payne, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvp6@cdc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [IP11-010]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant [HD13021]; National Institutes of Health, Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [AI 109893] FX The design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication was through a cooperative agreement by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (funding for IP11-010 awarded to each medical institution affiliated with this study). Genetic analyses were performed with support from a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant (HD13021 to A.L.M.), and a National Institutes of Health, Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (AI 109893 to R.L.C.) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-6203 EI 2168-6211 J9 JAMA PEDIATR JI JAMA Pediatr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 169 IS 11 BP 1040 EP 1045 DI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2002 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA CV7CM UT WOS:000364430000014 PM 26389824 ER PT J AU Murugesan, L Kucerova, Z Knabel, SJ LaBorde, LF AF Murugesan, Latha Kucerova, Zuzana Knabel, Stephen J. LaBorde, Luke F. TI Predominance and Distribution of a Persistent Listeria monocytogenes Clone in a Commercial Fresh Mushroom Processing Environment SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION PATTERNS; EPIDEMIC CLONES; UNITED-STATES; INTERVENTION STRATEGIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MULTIPLEX PCR; PLANTS; MEAT; VIRULENCE; STRAINS AB A longitudinal study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp. in a. commercial fresh mushroom slicing and packaging environment. Samples were collected at three different sampling periods within a 13-month time interval. Of the 255 environmental samples collected, 18.8% tested positive for L. monocytogenes, 4.3% for L. innocua, and 2.0% for L. grayi. L. monocytogenes was most often found on wet floors within the washing and slicing and packaging areas. Each of the 171 L. monocyto genes isolates found in the environment could be placed into one of three different serotypes; 1/2c was predominant (93.6%), followed by 1/2b (3.5%) and 1/2a (2.9%). Of 58 isolates subtyped using multi-virulence-locus sequence typing, all 1/2c isolates were identified as virulence type (VT) 11 (VT11), all 1/2b isolates were VT105, and 1/2a isolates were either VT107 or VT56. VT11 was designated as the predominant and persistent clone in the environment because it was isolated repeatedly at numerous locations throughout the study. The overall predominance and persistence of VT11 indicates that it likely colonized the mushroom processing environment. Areas adjacent to the trench drain in the washing and slicing area and a floor crack in the packaging area may represent primary harborage sites (reservoirs) for VT11. Improvements made to sanitation procedures by company management after period 2 coincided with a significant (P <= 0.001) reduction in the prevalence of L. monocytogenes from 17.8% in period 1 and 30.7% in period 2 to 8.5% in period 3. This suggests that targeted cleaning and sanitizing procedures can be effective in minimizing the occurrence of L. monocyto genes contamination in processing facilities. Additional research is needed to understand why VT11 was predominant and persistent in the mushroom processing environment. C1 [Murugesan, Latha; Knabel, Stephen J.; LaBorde, Luke F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Food Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kucerova, Zuzana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Listeria Reference Lab, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP LaBorde, LF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Food Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lfl5@psu.edu RI LaBorde, Luke/I-3974-2014 OI LaBorde, Luke/0000-0003-4795-4840 NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1988 EP 1998 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-195 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA CV8CB UT WOS:000364503000009 PM 26555522 ER PT J AU Ponaka, RV Curioso, C Patel, D Elagin, V Slepnev, V Lucchi, NW Barnwell, JW Udhayakumar, V AF Ponaka, R. V. Curioso, C. Patel, D. Elagin, V. Slepnev, V. Lucchi, N. W. Barnwell, J. W. Udhayakumar, V. TI Detection of Plasmodium Parasites with Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Using Simple Sample Preparation Methods SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology (AMP) CY NOV 05-07, 2015 CL Austin, TX SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Ponaka, R. V.; Curioso, C.; Patel, D.; Elagin, V.; Slepnev, V.] Meridian Biosci Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Lucchi, N. W.; Barnwell, J. W.; Udhayakumar, V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-1578 EI 1943-7811 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 17 IS 6 MA ID25 BP 785 EP 785 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA CU8YM UT WOS:000363830000147 ER PT J AU Clark, SJ Cowan, AE Filipp, SL Fisher, AM Stokley, S AF Clark, Sarah J. Cowan, Anne E. Filipp, Stephanie L. Fisher, Allison M. Stokley, Shannon TI Association of Older Sister's HPV Vaccination Status on HPV Vaccine Receipt by Adolescents SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Adolescence; HPV Vaccines; Immunization ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES AB Objective: Efforts to increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage rates in adolescents include finding ways to improve discussions between clinicians and parents. One potentially important piece of information for these discussions is the HPV vaccination status of older siblings. Methods: A nationally representative online panel was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of parents of children aged 9 to 17 years in October 2012. Results: Overall, 768 adolescents (35%) had >= 1 older sister aged 10 to 26 years. Male and female adolescents with an older sister who had received no HPV vaccine doses demonstrated higher rates of having no doses themselves, compared with those who had no older sister or those who had an older sister who had received >= 1 HPV vaccine dose. Conclusions: Discussing the HPV vaccination status of older sisters may be a useful strategy for providers to differentiate HPV vaccine messages to parents of unvaccinated younger siblings. C1 [Clark, Sarah J.; Cowan, Anne E.; Filipp, Stephanie L.] Univ Michigan, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fisher, Allison M.; Stokley, Shannon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Clark, SJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, 300 North Ingalls,6E06, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM saclark@med.umich.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [5-U48-DP-001901] FX This work is a product of a prevention research center and was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through Cooperative Agreement no. 5-U48-DP-001901. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 EI 1558-7118 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 6 BP 816 EP 818 DI 10.3122/jabfm.2015.06.150161 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CW3CK UT WOS:000364869400019 PM 26546659 ER PT J AU Stolp, H Fox, J AF Stolp, Haley Fox, Jared TI Increasing Receipt of Women's Preventive Services SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CENTERED MEDICAL HOME; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; PRIMARY-CARE; HEALTH; PERCENTAGE; COVERAGE; OUTCOMES; VACCINE; COSTS; TIME AB The receipt of clinical preventive services is important for health promotion and prevention of illness, death, and disability for women in the United States. Today, the Affordable Care Act makes a variety of evidence-based preventive services available with no out-of-pocket cost to women with certain health insurance plans. Nevertheless, available service receipt data suggest receipt of the services for all American adults remains suboptimal. This article seeks to raise awareness about the critical gaps in the delivery of preventive services to women and highlight opportunities for women, primary care providers, and public health professionals to increase receipt of clinical preventive services among women. C1 [Stolp, Haley] IHRC Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stolp, Haley] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Fox, Jared] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Associate Director Policy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Stolp, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway Northeast,MS F72, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Vul4@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 EI 1931-843X J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 24 IS 11 BP 875 EP 881 DI 10.1089/jwh.2015.5552 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA CV6SI UT WOS:000364400300005 PM 26447836 ER PT J AU Midgley, CM Watson, JT Nix, WA Curns, AT Rogers, SL Brown, BA Conover, C Dominguez, SR Feikin, DR Gray, S Hassan, F Hoferka, S Jackson, MA Johnson, D Leshem, E Miller, L Nichols, JB Nyquist, AC Obringer, E Patel, A Patel, M Rho, B Schneider, E Schuster, JE Selvarangan, R Seward, JF Turabelidze, G Oberste, MS Pallansch, MA Gerber, S AF Midgley, Claire M. Watson, John T. Nix, W. Allan Curns, Aaron T. Rogers, Shannon L. Brown, Betty A. Conover, Craig Dominguez, Samuel R. Feikin, Daniel R. Gray, Samantha Hassan, Ferdaus Hoferka, Stacey Jackson, Mary Anne Johnson, Daniel Leshem, Eyal Miller, Lisa Nichols, Jane Bezdek Nyquist, Ann-Christine Obringer, Emily Patel, Ajanta Patel, Megan Rho, Brian Schneider, Eileen Schuster, Jennifer E. Selvarangan, Rangaraj Seward, Jane F. Turabelidze, George Oberste, M. Steven Pallansch, Mark A. Gerber, Susan CA EV-D68 Working Grp TI Severe respiratory illness associated with a nationwide outbreak of enterovirus D68 in the USA (2014): a descriptive epidemiological investigation SO Lancet Respiratory Medicine LA English DT Article ID ACUTE FLACCID MYELITIS; UNITED-STATES; 68 INFECTION; EMERGENCE; CHILDREN; CIRCULATION; NETHERLANDS; DISEASE AB Background Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been infrequently reported historically, and is typically associated with isolated cases or small clusters of respiratory illness. Beginning in August, 2014, increases in severe respiratory illness associated with EV-D68 were reported across the USA. We aimed to describe the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of this outbreak, and to better understand the role of EV-D68 in severe respiratory illness. Methods We collected regional syndromic surveillance data for epidemiological weeks 23 to 44, 2014, (June 1 to Nov 1, 2014) and hospital admissions data for epidemiological weeks 27 to 44, 2014, (June 29 to Nov 1, 2014) from three states: Missouri, Illinois and Colorado. Data were also collected for the same time period of 2013 and 2012. Respiratory specimens from severely ill patients nationwide, who were rhinovirus-positive or enterovirus-positive in hospital testing, were submitted between Aug 1, and Oct 31, 2014, and typed by molecular sequencing. We collected basic clinical and epidemiological characteristics of EV-D68 cases with a standard data collection form submitted with each specimen. We compared patients requiring intensive care with those who did not, and patients requiring ventilator support with those who did not. Mantel-Haenszel chi(2) tests were used to test for statistical significance. Findings Regional and hospital-level data from Missouri, Illinois, and Colorado showed increases in respiratory illness between August and September, 2014, compared with in 2013 and 2012. Nationwide, 699 (46%) of 1529 patients tested were confirmed as EV-D68. Among the 614 EV-D68-positive patients admitted to hospital, age ranged from 3 days to 92 years (median 5 years). Common symptoms included dyspnoea (n=513 [84%]), cough (n=500 [81%]), and wheezing (n=427 [70%]); 294 (48%) patients had fever. 338 [59%] of 574 were admitted to intensive care units, and 145 (28%) of 511 received ventilator support; 322 (52%) of 614 had a history of asthma or reactive airway disease; 200 (66%) of 304 patients with a history of asthma or reactive airway disease required intensive care compared with 138 (51%) of 270 with no history of asthma or reactive airway disease (p=0.0004). Similarly, 89 (32%) of 276 patients with a history of asthma or reactive airway disease required ventilator support compared with 56 (24%) of 235 patients with no history of asthma or reactive airway disease (p=0.039). Interpretation In 2014, EV-D68 caused widespread severe respiratory illness across the USA, disproportionately affecting those with asthma. This unexpected event underscores the need for robust surveillance of enterovirus types, enabling improved understanding of virus circulation and disease burden. C1 [Midgley, Claire M.; Watson, John T.; Nix, W. Allan; Curns, Aaron T.; Rogers, Shannon L.; Brown, Betty A.; Feikin, Daniel R.; Leshem, Eyal; Schneider, Eileen; Seward, Jane F.; Oberste, M. Steven; Pallansch, Mark A.; Gerber, Susan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Midgley, Claire M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jackson, Mary Anne; Schuster, Jennifer E.; Selvarangan, Rangaraj] Childrens Mercy Hosp & Clin, Kansas City, MO USA. [Turabelidze, George] Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MO USA. [Johnson, Daniel; Obringer, Emily; Patel, Ajanta] Univ Chicago, Corner Childrens Hosp, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Conover, Craig; Hoferka, Stacey] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Gray, Samantha; Patel, Megan] Cook Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Oak Forest, IL USA. [Dominguez, Samuel R.; Nyquist, Ann-Christine] Childrens Hosp Colorado, Aurora, CO USA. [Miller, Lisa; Nichols, Jane Bezdek] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. RP Midgley, CM (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ydk5@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2213-2600 J9 LANCET RESP MED JI Lancet Resp. Med. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 3 IS 11 BP 879 EP 887 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA CV4UY UT WOS:000364263200021 PM 26482320 ER PT J AU Pachon, H Spohrer, R Mei, ZG Serdula, MK AF Pachon, Helena Spohrer, Rebecca Mei, Zuguo Serdula, Mary K. TI Evidence of the effectiveness of flour fortification programs on iron status and anemia: a systematic review SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE enrichment; ferritin; hemoglobin; maize flour; wheat flour ID FORTIFIED FLOUR; WHEAT-FLOUR; IMPACT; NUTRITION; CHILDREN AB Context. More than 80 countries fortify flour, yet the public health impact of this intervention on iron and anemia outcomes has not been reviewed. Objective. The objective of this systematic review was to review published and gray literature pertaining to the impact of flour fortification on iron and anemia. Data Sources. A systematic review was conducted by searching 17 databases and appealing for unpublished reports, yielding 1881 documents. Study Selection. Only studies of government-supported, widely implemented fortification programs in which anemia or iron status was measured prior to and >= 12 months after initiation of fortification were included. Data Extraction. Details about the design, coverage, compliance with national standards, and evaluation (e.g., anemia prevalence before and after fortification) of flour fortification programs were extracted from the reports. Data Synthesis. Thirteen studies describing 26 subgroups (n = 14 for children <= 15 y, n = 12 for women of reproductive age) were included. During the period from pre- to postfortification (and as difference-in-difference for those studies that included a control group), there were statistically significant decreases in the prevalence of anemia in 4 of 13 subgroups of children and in 4 of 12 subgroups of women of reproductive age as well as significant decreases in the prevalence of low ferritin in 1 of 6 subgroups of children and in 3 of 3 subgroups of women of reproductive age. Conclusions. Evidence of the effectiveness of flour fortification for reducing the prevalence of anemia is limited; however, evidence of effectiveness for reducing the prevalence of low ferritin in women is more consistent. C1 [Pachon, Helena] Food Fortificat Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pachon, Helena] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Spohrer, Rebecca] Global Alliance Improved Nutr, Geneva, Switzerland. [Mei, Zuguo; Serdula, Mary K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pachon, H (reprint author), 1599 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM helena.pachon@emory.edu FU Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition; CDC FX H.P.'s time was supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the CDC. R.S.'s time was supported by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, and Z.M. and M.K.S.'s time was supported by the CDC. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0029-6643 EI 1753-4887 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 73 IS 11 BP 780 EP 795 DI 10.1093/nutrit/nuv037 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA CW1TC UT WOS:000364773300003 PM 26433017 ER PT J AU Shak, EB France, AM Cowan, L Starks, AM Grant, J AF Shak, Emma B. France, Anne Marie Cowan, Lauren Starks, Angela M. Grant, Juliana TI Representativeness of Tuberculosis Genotyping Surveillance in the United States, 2009-2010 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; RECENT TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; COUNTY AB Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates contributes to tuberculosis (TB) control through detection of possible outbreaks. However, 20% of U.S. cases do not have an isolate for testing, and 10% of cases with isolates do not have a genotype reported. TB outbreaks in populations with incomplete genotyping data might be missed by genotyping-based outbreak detection. Therefore, we assessed the representativeness of TB genotyping data by comparing characteristics of cases reported during January 1, 2009 December 31, 2010, that had a genotype result with those cases that did not. Of 22,476 cases, 14,922 (66%) had a genotype result. Cases without genotype results were more likely to be patients <19 years of age, with unknown HIV status, of female sex, U.S.-born, and with no recent history of homelessness or substance abuse. Although cases with a genotype result are largely representative of all reported U.S. TB cases, outbreak detection methods that rely solely on genotyping data may underestimate TB transmission among certain groups. C1 [Shak, Emma B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Educ & Profess Dev Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shak, Emma B.; France, Anne Marie; Cowan, Lauren; Starks, Angela M.; Grant, Juliana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP France, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afrance@cdc.gov FU CDC Experience at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by External Medical Affairs, Pfizer Inc. FX Emma B. Shak was supported by the CDC Experience, a one-year fellowship in applied epidemiology at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) made possible by a public/private partnership supported by a grant to the CDC Foundation from External Medical Affairs, Pfizer Inc. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 130 IS 6 BP 596 EP 601 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV8CI UT WOS:000364503700007 PM 26556930 ER PT J AU Gift, TL Haderxhanaj, LT Torrone, EA Behl, AS Romaguera, RA Leichliter, JS AF Gift, Thomas L. Haderxhanaj, Laura T. Torrone, Elizabeth A. Behl, Ajay S. Romaguera, Raul A. Leichliter, Jami S. TI Estimating the Size and Cost of the STD Prevention Services Safety Net SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTED-DISEASE SERVICES; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; REPEAT INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; GONORRHEA; WOMEN; MEN; TRENDS AB The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is expected to reduce the number of uninsured people in the United States during the next eight years, but more than 10% are expected to remain uninsured. Uninsured people are one of the main populations using publicly funded safety net sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention services. Estimating the proportion of the uninsured population expected to need STD services could help identify the potential demand for safety net STD services and improve program planning. In 2013, an estimated 8.27 million people met the criteria for being in need of STD services. In 2023, 4.70 million uninsured people are expected to meet the criteria for being in need of STD services. As an example, the cost in 2014 U.S. dollars of providing chlamydia screening to these people was an estimated $271.1 million in 2013 and is estimated to be $153.8 million in 2023. A substantial need will continue to exist for safety net STD prevention services in coming years. C1 [Gift, Thomas L.; Torrone, Elizabeth A.; Romaguera, Raul A.; Leichliter, Jami S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Haderxhanaj, Laura T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, ORISE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Behl, Ajay S.] Hlth Partners Inst Res & Educ, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Gift, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tgift@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 130 IS 6 BP 602 EP 609 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV8CI UT WOS:000364503700008 PM 26556931 ER PT J AU Leeman, J Aycock, N Paxton-Aiken, A Lowe-Wilson, A Sommers, J Farris, R Thompson, D Ammerman, A AF Leeman, Jennifer Aycock, Nancy Paxton-Aiken, Amy Lowe-Wilson, Abby Sommers, Janice Farris, Rosanne Thompson, Diane Ammerman, Alice TI Policy, Systems, and Environmental Approaches to Obesity Prevention: Translating and Disseminating Evidence from Practice SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; HEALTH IMPACT; STRATEGIES; INTERVENTIONS; FRAMEWORK AB To reduce obesity prevalence, public health practitioners are intervening to change health behaviors as well as the policies, systems, and environments (PSEs) that support healthy behaviors. Although the number of recommended PSE intervention strategies continues to grow, limited guidance is available on how to implement those strategies in practice. This article describes the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Training and Research Translation's (Center TRT's) approach to reviewing, translating, and disseminating practitioner-developed interventions, with the goal of providing more practical guidance on how to implement PSE intervention strategies in real-world practice. As of August 2014, Center TRT had disseminated 30 practice-based PSE interventions. This article provides an overview of Center TRT's process for reviewing, translating, and disseminating practice-based interventions and offers key lessons learned during the nine years that Center TRT has engaged in this work. C1 [Leeman, Jennifer] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Aycock, Nancy; Paxton-Aiken, Amy; Lowe-Wilson, Abby; Sommers, Janice; Ammerman, Alice] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Sommers, Janice; Ammerman, Alice] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Farris, Rosanne; Thompson, Diane] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Leeman, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Carrington Hall CB 7460, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jleeman@email.unc.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity [U48-DP001944] FX Because this study did not involve human studies research, it was considered exempt from institutional review board review. The work reported in this article was funded through cooperative agreement #U48-DP001944 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 130 IS 6 BP 616 EP 622 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV8CI UT WOS:000364503700010 PM 26556933 ER PT J AU Gu, QP Dillon, CF Eberhardt, MS Wright, JD Burt, VL AF Gu, Qiuping Dillon, Charles F. Eberhardt, Mark S. Wright, Jacqueline D. Burt, Vicki L. TI Preventive Aspirin and Other Antiplatelet Medication Use Among US Adults Aged >= 40 Years: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; OF-CARDIOLOGY FOUNDATION; EXPERT CONSENSUS DOCUMENT; LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; TASK-FORCE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DIABETES-ASSOCIATION; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT AB Objective. We estimated the prevalence of preventive aspirin and/or other antiplatelet medication use and the dosage of aspirin use in the U.S. adult population. Methods. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of a representative sample (n=3,599) of U.S. adults aged >= 40 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012. Results. In 2011-2012, one-third of U.S. adults aged >= 40 years reported taking preventive aspirin and/or other antiplatelet medications, 97% of whom indicated preventive aspirin use. Preventive aspirin use increased with age (from 11% of those aged 40-49 years to 54% of those >= 80 years of age, p<0.001). Non-Hispanic white (35%) and black (30%) adults were more likely to take preventive aspirin than non-Hispanic Asian (20%, p<0.001) and Hispanic (22%, p=0.013) adults. Adults with, compared with those without health insurance, and adults with >= 2 doctor visits in the past year, diagnosed diabetes, hypertension, or high cholesterol were twice as likely to take preventive aspirin. Among those with cardiovascular disease, 76% reported taking preventive aspirin and/or other antiplatelet medications, of whom 91% were taking preventive aspirin. Among adults without cardiovascular disease, 28% reported taking preventive aspirin. Adherence rates to medically recommended aspirin use were 82% overall, 91% for secondary prevention, and 79% for primary prevention. Among current preventive aspirin users, 70% were taking 81 milligrams (mg) of aspirin daily and 13% were taking 325 mg of aspirin daily. Conclusion. The vast majority of antiplatelet therapy is preventive aspirin use. A health-care provider's recommendation to take preventive aspirin is an important determinant of current preventive aspirin use. C1 [Gu, Qiuping; Dillon, Charles F.; Eberhardt, Mark S.; Burt, Vicki L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Wright, Jacqueline D.] NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gu, QP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM qag3@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 130 IS 6 BP 643 EP 654 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CV8CI UT WOS:000364503700013 PM 26556936 ER EF