FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Braun, JM Bellinger, DC Hauser, R Wright, RO Chen, AM Calafat, AM Yolton, K Lanphear, BP AF Braun, Joseph M. Bellinger, David C. Hauser, Russ Wright, Robert O. Chen, Aimin Calafat, Antonia M. Yolton, Kimberly Lanphear, Bruce P. TI Prenatal phthalate, triclosan, and bisphenol A exposures and child visual-spatial abilities SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Children; Endocrine disrupting chemicals; Epidemiology; Prenatal and neurodevelopment ID ORGANIZATIONAL-ACTIVATIONAL HYPOTHESIS; MORRIS WATER MAZE; DIBUTYL PHTHALATE; SEX DIFFERENCE; RADIAL-ARM; URINARY CONCENTRATIONS; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; BEHAVIOR; RATS AB Introduction: During fetal development, sex steroids influence sexually dimorphic behaviors, such as visual-spatial abilities. Thus, endocrine disrupting chemicals that impact sex steroids during gestation may affect these behaviors. Objective: We investigated the relationship between prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite, triclosan, and BPA concentrations and visual-spatial abilities in a prospective cohort of 198 mother-child dyads. Methods: Data are from a prospective cohort in Cincinnati, OH (HOME Study). We measured nine phthalate metabolites, triclosan, and BPA in maternal urine samples collected at 16 and 26 weeks of gestation. We assessed children's visual-spatial abilities at 8 years of age using the Virtual Morris Water Maze (VMWM), a computerized version of the rodent Morris Water Maze. We quantified the covariate-adjusted change in the time or distance to complete the VMWM and time spent in the correct quadrant during a probe trial with an interquartile range increase in chemical concentrations using linear mixed models and linear regression, respectively. Results: Boys completed the VMWM faster (4.1 s; 95% CI:-7.1, -1.2) and in less distance (1.4 units; 95% CI:-2.8, 0) than girls. Overall, children with higher mono-n-butyl (MnBP), mono-benzyl (MBzP), and mono-carboxypropyl phthalate concentrations completed the VMWM in less time and distance than children with lower concentrations. For example, children with higher MnBP concentrations completed the VMWM in 0.9 less distance units (95% CI:-1.8, -0.0). Child sex modified the association between MnBP and VMWM performance. In girls, higher MnBP concentrations were associated with longer time (1.7s; 95% CI:-0.7, 4.1) and shorter distance (-1.7 units; 95% CI: -2.8, -0.5), whereas in boys, it was associated with shorter time (-3.0 s; 95% CI:-5.6, -0.4), but not distance (-0.1 units; 95% CI:1.4, 1.0). Other phthalate metabolites, triclosan, and BPA were not associated with VMWM performance, and sex did not consistently modify these associations. Conclusions: In this cohort, greater prenatal urinary concentrations of some phthalate metabolites were associated with improved VMWM performance, particularly among boys. Future studies should confirm these findings and determine if phthalates affect other hormonally sensitive aspects of child neurobehavior. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Braun, Joseph M.] Brown Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Box G-S121-2, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Bellinger, David C.; Hauser, Russ] Harvard Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Bellinger, David C.; Hauser, Russ] Harvard Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. [Wright, Robert O.] Icahn Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. [Wright, Robert O.] Icahn Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. [Wright, Robert O.] Mt Sinai, New York, NY USA. [Chen, Aimin] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yolton, Kimberly] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Lanphear, Bruce P.] Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Burnaby, BC, Canada. RP Braun, JM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Box G-S121-2, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM joseph_braun_1@brown.edu RI Braun, Joseph/H-8649-2014 FU NIEHS [R00 ES020346, R01 ES024381, PO1 ES11261, R01 ES014575, R01 ES013744, P30 ES023515, R01 ES020349] FX This work was supported by NIEHS grants R00 ES020346, R01 ES024381, PO1 ES11261, R01 ES014575, R01 ES013744, P30 ES023515, and R01 ES020349. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X EI 1872-9711 J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 58 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.11.009 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA EL1UJ UT WOS:000394406400008 PM 27888119 ER PT J AU Huang, WT Chen, RT Hsu, YC Glasser, JW Rhodes, PH AF Huang, Wan-Ting Chen, Robert T. Hsu, Yu-Chen Glasser, John W. Rhodes, Philip H. TI Vaccination and unexplained sudden death risk in Taiwanese infants SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE DTP; OPV; sudden death; sex-differential effect; case-control studies; self-controlled case series; pharmacoepidemiology ID TETANUS-PERTUSSIS IMMUNIZATION; UNEXPECTED DEATH; VACCINES; METAANALYSIS; SAFETY; PROGRAM; CHINESE AB Purpose In March 1992, eight infants who had died within 36 hours of receiving whole-cell pertussis vaccine ( diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis [DTwP]) prompted the Taiwan health authorities to suspend its use. We conducted an investigation of vaccination and sudden unexplained infant death (SUID) and repeated it more recently after Taiwan switched to acellular pertussis vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis [DTaP]) in 2010. Methods All SUIDs aged 31-364 days during 1990-1992 and 1996-2013 were selected from the death registration databases. The case-control investigation matched each case to two controls on clinic, sex, and birth date, whereas the follow-up self-controlled case series study compared risk of death during the 30-day post-vaccination risk periods with those in the control periods within the same case. Results Sudden unexplained infant death was associated with never receiving DTwP (odds ratio 2.28, 95% confidence interval 1.25-4.15) in the case-control investigation. The odds ratios within 0-1, 2-7, 8-14, and 15-30 days of DTwP administration were 1.18, 0.26, 0.50, and 0.77. In the 1996-2013 self-controlled case series studies, this temporal shift between DTwP and SUID was consistently observed for female (incidence rate ratio 1.70, 0.75, 1.01, and 0.84) but not male or DTaP recipients. A pooled analysis showed significant risk within 2 days of receiving DTwP in female infants (incidence rate ratio 1.66, 95% confidence interval 1.05-2.60). Conclusions Being unvaccinated and recent receipt of DTwP in female infants was significantly associated with SUID; the latter was consistent with a temporal shift pattern without overall increase in risk. The currently used pertussis vaccine, DTaP, did not increase risk of SUID. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Huang, Wan-Ting; Hsu, Yu-Chen] Taiwan Ctr Dis Control, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chen, Robert T.; Glasser, John W.; Rhodes, Philip H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Huang, WT (reprint author), Taiwan Ctr Dis Control, Off Prevent Med, 6 Linsen S Rd, Taipei, Taiwan. EM muagi@cdc.gov.tw OI Huang, Wan-Ting/0000-0002-4344-9567 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Taiwan Centers for Disease Control FX This work was supported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1053-8569 EI 1099-1557 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 26 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1002/pds.4141 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA EO0QS UT WOS:000396403600003 PM 27891698 ER PT J AU Carbone, EG Echols, ET AF Carbone, Eric G. Echols, Erin Thomas TI Effects of optimism on recovery and mental health after a tornado outbreak SO PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE optimism; recovery; mental health; disasters; tornado ID LIFE ORIENTATION TEST; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; REVISED LOT-R; DISPOSITIONAL OPTIMISM; SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS; POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY; DISASTER VICTIMS; FOLLOW-UP; PESSIMISM; ANXIETY AB Objective: Dispositional optimism, a stable expectation that good things will happen, has been shown to improve health outcomes in a wide range of contexts, but very little research has explored the impact of optimism on postdisaster health and well-being. Design: Data for this study come from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public health systems and mental health community recovery (PHSMHCR) Survey. Participants included 3216 individuals living in counties affected by the April 2011 tornado outbreak in Mississippi and Alabama. Main outcome measures: This study assesses the effect of dispositional optimism on post-disaster recovery and mental health. Results: Dispositional optimism was found to have a positive effect on personal recovery and mental health after the disaster. Furthermore, it moderated the relationship between level of home damage and personal recovery as well as the relationship between home damage and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with stronger effects for those with increased levels of home damage. Conclusions: The utility of screening for optimism is discussed, along with the potential for interventions to increase optimism as a means of mitigating adverse mental health effects and improving the recovery of individuals affected by disasters and other traumatic events. C1 [Carbone, Eric G.; Echols, Erin Thomas] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, OPHPR, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Carbone, EG (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, OPHPR, Atlanta, GA USA. EM ecarbone@cdc.gov FU CDC through the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (ORISE) FX Erin Echols serves as a Fellow funded by CDC through the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (ORISE). NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0887-0446 EI 1476-8321 J9 PSYCHOL HEALTH JI Psychol. Health PY 2017 VL 32 IS 5 BP 530 EP 548 DI 10.1080/08870446.2017.1283039 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology GA EO9VY UT WOS:000397037400002 PM 28156138 ER PT J AU Hillis, SD Mercy, JA Saul, JR AF Hillis, Susan D. Mercy, James A. Saul, Janet R. TI The enduring impact of violence against children SO PSYCHOLOGY HEALTH & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Child maltreatment; physical violence; sexual violence; emotional violence; bullying; economic burden; life-long consequences ID ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; HIV-POSITIVE WOMEN; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; PHYSICAL ABUSE; STREET YOUTH; MENTAL-HEALTH; RISK; METAANALYSIS AB More than one billion children - half of all children in the world - are exposed to violence every year. The violence children are exposed to includes both direct experiences of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, as well as indirectly witnessing violence in their homes, schools, and communities. What these various forms of violence share, based on a review of the literature, is their enduring potential for life-long consequences. These consequences include increases in the risks of injury, HIV, sexually transmitted infections, mental health problems, reproductive health problems, and non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes. Studies addressing biologic underpinnings of such consequences demonstrate that violence-associated toxic stress may cause damage to the nervous, endocrine, circulatory, musculo-skeletal, reproductive, respiratory, and immune systems. Furthermore, rigorous economic evaluations suggest that costs associated with the consequences of violence against children exceed $120 billion in the U.S. and account for up to 3.5% of the GDP in sub-regions of East Asia. The expanding literature confirming the mechanisms of consequences and the associated costs of violence against children has been accompanied by growing evidence on effective approaches to prevention. Moreover, the expanding evidence on prevention has been accompanied by a growing determination on the part of global leaders to accelerate action. Thus, as part of the Post-2015 Sustainable Development agenda, the UN has issued a call-to-action: to eliminate violence against children. This unprecedented UN call may foster new investments, to fuel new progress for protecting children around the world from violence and its preventable consequences. C1 [Hillis, Susan D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mercy, James A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Saul, Janet R.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hillis, SD (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM shillis@cdc.gov NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-8506 EI 1465-3966 J9 PSYCHOL HEALTH MED JI Psychol. Health Med. PY 2017 VL 22 IS 4 BP 393 EP 405 DI 10.1080/13548506.2016.1153679 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EL5IV UT WOS:000394655700002 PM 26979496 ER PT J AU Thatiparti, DS Ghia, U Mead, KR AF Thatiparti, Deepthi Sharan Ghia, Urmila Mead, Kenneth R. TI Computational fluid dynamics study on the influence of an alternate ventilation configuration on the possible flow path of infectious cough aerosols in a mock airborne infection isolation room SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CARE SETTINGS; NURSING-HOMES; A H3N2; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; EPIDEMIC; EFFICACY; AGENTS; MODEL AB When infectious epidemics occur, they can be perpetuated within health care settings, potentially resulting in severe health care workforce absenteeism, morbidity, mortality, and economic losses. The ventilation system configuration of an airborne infection isolation room is one factor that can play a role in protecting health care workers from infectious patient bioaerosols. Though commonly associated with airborne infectious diseases, the airborne infection isolation roomdesign can also impact other transmission routes such as short-range airborne as well as fomite and contact transmission routes that are impacted by contagion concentration and recirculation. This article presents a computational fluid dynamics study on the influence of the ventilation configuration on the possible flow path of bioaerosol dispersal behavior in a mock airborne infection isolation room. At first, a mock airborne infection isolation room was modeled that has the room geometry and layout, ventilation parameters, and pressurization corresponding to that of a traditional ceiling-mounted ventilation arrangement observed in existing hospitals. An alternate ventilation configuration was then modeled to retain the linear supply diffuser in the original mock airborne infection isolation room but interchanging the square supply and exhaust locations to place the exhaust closer to the patient source and allow clean air from supply vents to flow in clean-to-dirty flow paths, originating in uncontaminated parts of the room prior to entering the contaminated patient's air space. The modeled alternate airborne infection isolation room ventilation rate was 12 air changes per hour. Two human breathing models were used to simulate a source patient and a receiving health care worker. A patient cough cycle was introduced into the simulation, and the airborne infection dispersal was tracked in time using a multi-phase flow simulation approach. The results from the alternate configuration revealed that the cough aerosols were pulled by the exhaust vent without encountering the health care worker by 0.93 s after patient coughs and the particles were controlled as the aerosols' flow path was uninterrupted by an air particle streamline from patient to the ceiling exhaust venting out cough aerosols. However, not all the aerosols were vented out of the room. The remaining cough aerosols entered the health care worker's breathing zone by 0.98 s. This resulted in one of the critical stages in terms of the health care worker's exposure to airborne virus and presented the opportunity for the health care worker to suffer adverse health effects from the inhalation of cough aerosols. Within 2 s, the cough aerosols reentered and recirculated within the patient and health care worker's surroundings resulting in pockets of old contaminated air. By this time, coalescence losses decreased as the aerosol were no longer in very close proximity and their movement was primarily influenced by the airborne infection isolation room airflow patterns. In the patient and health care worker's area away from the supply, the fresh air supply failed to reach this part of the room to quickly dilute the cough aerosol concentration. The exhaust was also found to have minimal effect upon cough aerosol removal, except for those areas with high exhaust velocities, very close to the exhaust grill. Within 5-20 s after a patient's cough, the aerosols tended to break up to form smaller sized aerosols of less than one micron diameter. They remained airborne and entrained back into the supply air stream, spreading into the entire room. The suspended aerosols resulted in the floating time of more than 21 s in the room due to one cough cycle. The duration of airborne contagion in the room and its prolonged exposure to the health care worker is likely to happen due to successive coughing cycles. Hence, the evaluated alternate airborne infection isolation room is not effective in removing at least 38% particles exposed to health care worker within the first second of a patient's cough. C1 [Thatiparti, Deepthi Sharan; Ghia, Urmila] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, 2851 Woodside Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Mead, Kenneth R.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, DART, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Thatiparti, DS (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, 2851 Woodside Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM thatipdn@mail.uc.edu FU NIOSH, ASHRAE FX The authors express sincere gratitude for NIOSH sponsorship of this research, ASHRAE 2015-2016 Graduate Student Grant-in-Aid award support, and the high-performance computing resources of the Ohio Supercomputer Center. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2374-4731 EI 2374-474X J9 SCI TECHNOL BUILT EN JI Sci. Technol. Built Environ. PY 2017 VL 23 IS 2 BP 355 EP 366 DI 10.1080/23744731.2016.1222212 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA EO7LT UT WOS:000396872900013 ER PT J AU Fairley, CK Prestage, G Bernstein, K Mayer, K Gilbert, M AF Fairley, Christopher K. Prestage, Garett Bernstein, Kyle Mayer, Kenneth Gilbert, Mark TI 2020, sexually transmissible infections and HIV in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men SO SEXUAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE pre-exposure prophylaxis; treatment as prevention AB This editorial accompanies a series of papers dealing with this watershed period for HIV and sexually transmissible infections (STI) infections in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM). We are delighted to share with you the views of some international opinion leaders on what the future may hold and what challenges lie ahead. In this issue of the Journal, authors describe current HIV and STI incidence among GBM and predict the future. C1 [Fairley, Christopher K.] Alfred Hlth, Melbourne Sexual Hlth Ctr, 580 Swanston St, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia. [Fairley, Christopher K.] Monash Univ, Cent Clin Sch, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Prestage, Garett] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bernstein, Kyle] Univ New South Wales, Kirby Inst, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. [Mayer, Kenneth] Fenway Community Hlth Ctr, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, 1340 Boylston St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Gilbert, Mark] BC Ctr Dis Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Gilbert, Mark] Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Fairley, CK (reprint author), Alfred Hlth, Melbourne Sexual Hlth Ctr, 580 Swanston St, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia.; Fairley, CK (reprint author), Monash Univ, Cent Clin Sch, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. EM cfairley@mshc.org.au NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-5028 EI 1449-8987 J9 SEX HEALTH JI Sex Health PY 2017 VL 14 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1071/SH16220 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA EM8PF UT WOS:000395572700001 ER PT J AU Stenger, MR Baral, S Stahlman, S Wohlfeiler, D Barton, JE Peterman, T AF Stenger, Mark Richard Baral, Stefan Stahlman, Shauna Wohlfeiler, Dan Barton, Jerusha E. Peterman, Thomas TI As through a glass, darkly: the future of sexually transmissible infections among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men SO SEXUAL HEALTH LA English DT Review ID VENEREAL-DISEASE CONTROL; HIV-POSITIVE MEN; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; WESTERN-EUROPE; RISK BEHAVIOR; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; SECONDARY SYPHILIS AB The trajectory of sexually transmissible infection (STI) incidence among gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM) suggests that incidence will likely remain high in the near future. STIs were hyperendemic globally among MSM in the decades preceding the HIV epidemic. Significant changes among MSM as a response to the HIV epidemic, caused STI incidence to decline, reaching historical nadirs in the mid-1990s. With the advent of antiretroviral treatment (ART), HIV-related mortality and morbidity declined significantly in that decade. Concurrently, STI incidence resurged among MSM and increased in scope and geographic magnitude. By 2000, bacterial STIs were universally resurgent among MSM, reaching or exceeding pre-HIV levels. While the evidence base necessary for assessing the burden STIs among MSM, both across time and across regions, continues to be lacking, recent progress has been made in this respect. Current epidemiology indicates a continuing and increasing trajectory of STI incidence among MSM. Yet increased reported case incidence of gonorrhoea is likely confounded by additional screening and identification of an existing burden of infection. Conversely, more MSM may be diagnosed and treated in the context of HIV care or as part of routine management of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), potentially reducing transmission. Optimistically, uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination may lead to a near-elimination of genital warts and reductions in HPV-related cancers. Moreover, structural changes are occurring with respect to sexual minorities in social and civic life that may offer new opportunities, as well as exacerbate existing challenges, for STI prevention among MSM. C1 [Stenger, Mark Richard] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-63 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Baral, Stefan; Stahlman, Shauna] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Publ Hlth & Human Rights, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Wohlfeiler, Dan] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Barton, Jerusha E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mailstop E-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Peterman, Thomas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mailstop E-02 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stenger, MR (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-63 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mstenger@cdc.gov NR 129 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-5028 EI 1449-8987 J9 SEX HEALTH JI Sex Health PY 2017 VL 14 IS 1 SI SI BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1071/SH16104 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA EM8PF UT WOS:000395572700003 ER PT J AU Tao, GY Patel, C Hoover, KW AF Tao, Guoyu Patel, Chirag Hoover, Karen W. TI Updated Estimates of Ectopic Pregnancy among Commercially and Medicaid-Insured Women in the United States, 2002-2013 SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE commercially insured women; ectopic pregnancy; ICD-9-CM or CPT codes; Medicaid-insured women; pregnancy ID RISK-FACTORS; TRENDS; MORTALITY; ABORTION AB Objectives To update trends in the rates of ectopic pregnancy, to compare rates of ectopic pregnancy between commercially insured and Medicaid-insured women, and to assess the differences in rates of ectopic pregnancy by different measures of ectopic pregnancy. Methods We analyzed data from 2002 to 2013 using the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial and Medicaid Claims Database. We limited the study population to women aged 15 to 44 years with any pregnancy in each year. Pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy were identified by clinical services with diagnostic or procedural codes. Ectopic pregnancy was measured in two ways: diagnosed and treated compared with diagnosed only; pregnancy was measured in two ways: any pregnancy compared with pregnancy with delivery. Results We did not observe a substantial trend in the rate of ectopic pregnancy from 2002 to 2013. The rate of diagnosed and treated ectopic pregnancy substantially increased by age: 0.29% in women aged 15 to 19 years and 0.89% in women aged 40 to 44 years among the commercially insured population and 0.23% and 0.85% among the Medicaid-insured population, respectively. The rate of ectopic pregnancy also varied by the different methodologies used to estimate rates. Conclusions The rate of ectopic pregnancy is relatively low and stable for women of reproductive age in the United States. Our findings highlight that it is important to clearly define the numerator and denominator in the measure of ectopic pregnancy rates. C1 [Tao, Guoyu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tao, GY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gat3@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-4348 EI 1541-8243 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 110 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000594 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EL1KS UT WOS:000394379900005 PM 28052169 ER PT J AU Bird, DC Freund, K Fortinsky, RH Staplin, L West, BA Bergen, G Downs, J AF Bird, Donna C. Freund, Katherine Fortinsky, Richard H. Staplin, Loren West, Bethany A. Bergen, Gwen Downs, Jonathan TI Driving self-regulation and ride service utilization in a multicommunity, multistate sample of US older adults SO TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE Driving; aging; older adult; motor vehicle; mobility; self-regulation; older driver; senior transportation ID FORMER DRIVERS; CESSATION; MOBILITY; ATTITUDES; PERSPECTIVES; PATTERNS; GENDER AB Objectives: This study examined a multicommunity alternative transportation program available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, for any purpose, offering door-through-door service in private automobiles to members who either do not drive or are transitioning away from driving. Specific aims were to describe the characteristics of members by driving status and ride service usage of these members. Methods: Data came from administrative records maintained by a nonprofit ride service program and include 2,661 individuals aged 65+ residing in 14 states who joined the program between April 1, 2010, and November 8, 2013. Latent class analysis was used to group current drivers into 3 classes of driving status of low, medium, and high self-regulation, based on their self-reported avoidance of certain driving situations and weekly driving frequency. Demographics and ride service use rate for rides taken through March 31, 2014, by type of ride (e.g., medical, social, etc.) were calculated for nondrivers and drivers in each driving status class. Results: The majority of ride service users were female (77%) and aged 65-74 years (82%). The primary method of getting around when enrolling for the transportation service was by riding with a friend or family member (60%). Among the 67,883 rides given, nondrivers took the majority (69%) of rides. Medical rides were the most common, accounting for 40% of all rides. Conclusions: Reported ride usage suggests that older adults are willing to use such ride services for a variety of trips when these services are not limited to specific types (e.g., medical). Further research can help tailor strategies to encourage both nondrivers and drivers to make better use of alternative transportation that meets the special needs of older people. C1 [Bird, Donna C.; Freund, Katherine] ITNAmerica, Westbrook, ME USA. [Fortinsky, Richard H.] Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Farmington, CT USA. [Staplin, Loren] TransAnalytics LLC, Quakertown, PA USA. [West, Bethany A.; Bergen, Gwen; Downs, Jonathan] CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Downs, Jonathan] ORAU, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Bergen, G (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS F62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gjb.@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention [200-2013-M-56656]; U.S. Department of Energy; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This project received funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, under contract 200-2013-M-56656. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC. This work was supported in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1538-9588 EI 1538-957X J9 TRAFFIC INJ PREV JI Traffic Inj. Prev. PY 2017 VL 18 IS 3 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1080/15389588.2016.1198008 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Transportation SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Transportation GA EL6GQ UT WOS:000394718800007 PM 27574778 ER PT J AU Donlan, R AF Donlan, Rodney TI Virulence profile: Rodney Donlan SO VIRULENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOFILMS; SURVIVAL C1 [Donlan, Rodney] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Donlan, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd N E,Mail Stop C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rld8@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2150-5594 EI 2150-5608 J9 VIRULENCE JI Virulence PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 BP 91 EP 93 DI 10.1080/21505594.2016.1219604 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EL3UW UT WOS:000394545800013 PM 27552204 ER PT J AU Berisha, V Hondula, D Roach, M White, JR McKinney, B Bentz, D Mohamed, A Uebelherr, J Goodin, K AF Berisha, Vjollca Hondula, David Roach, Matthew White, Jessica R. McKinney, Benita Bentz, Darcie Mohamed, Ahmed Uebelherr, Joshua Goodin, Kae TI Assessing Adaptation Strategies for Extreme Heat: A Public Health Evaluation of Cooling Centers in Maricopa County, Arizona SO WEATHER CLIMATE AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; US CITIES; MORTALITY; VULNERABILITY; TEMPERATURE; EXPOSURE; CHICAGO; DEATHS; WAVES; URBAN AB Preventing heat-associated morbidity and mortality is a public health priority in Maricopa County, Arizona (United States). The objective of this project was to evaluate Maricopa County cooling centers and gain insight into their capacity to provide relief for the public during extreme heat events. During the summer of 2014, 53 cooling centers were evaluated to assess facility and visitor characteristics. Maricopa County staff collected data by directly observing daily operations and by surveying managers and visitors. The cooling centers in Maricopa County were often housed within community, senior, or religious centers, which offered various services for at least 1500 individuals daily. Many visitors were unemployed and/or homeless. Many learned about a cooling center by word of mouth or by having seen the cooling center's location. The cooling centers provide a valuable service and reach some of the region's most vulnerable populations. This project is among the first to systematically evaluate cooling centers from a public health perspective and provides helpful insight to community leaders who are implementing or improving their own network of cooling centers. C1 [Berisha, Vjollca; White, Jessica R.; McKinney, Benita; Mohamed, Ahmed; Goodin, Kae] Maricopa Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Phoenix, AZ 85012 USA. [Hondula, David] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Policy Informat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Hondula, David] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ USA. [Roach, Matthew] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Environm Hlth, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [Bentz, Darcie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Associate Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Uebelherr, Joshua] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Policy Informat, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Berisha, V (reprint author), Maricopa Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Phoenix, AZ 85012 USA. EM vjollcaberisha@mail.maricopa.gov FU Virginia G. Piper Trust Health Policy Informatics Initiative at Arizona State University; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE) Program in Arizona [1UE1EH001119-01]; National Science Foundation [BCS-1026865]; Central Arizona-Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research Program (CAP LTER) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Arizona Department of Health Services; Arizona State University Center for Policy Informatics and School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning; the Maricopa County Department of Public Health staff and interns; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention public health associates for assistance with data collection and analysis, as well as Kristina Blea, City of Phoenix Heat Relief Network, and Brande Mead, Maricopa Association of Governments, for supporting the project. The authors would also like to thank cooling center facility managers and visitors for contributions in survey completion. Members of the project were partially supported by the Virginia G. Piper Trust Health Policy Informatics Initiative at Arizona State University, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE) Program in Arizona under Grant 1UE1EH001119-01, and the National Science Foundation under Grant BCS-1026865, Central Arizona-Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research Program (CAP LTER). NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1948-8327 EI 1948-8335 J9 WEATHER CLIM SOC JI Weather Clim. Soc. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1175/WCAS-D-16-0033.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL1TX UT WOS:000394405200007 ER PT J AU Ritter, JM Martines, RB Zaki, SR AF Ritter, Jana M. Martines, Roosecelis B. Zaki, Sherif R. TI Zika Virus Pathology From the Pandemic SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; INTERIM GUIDANCE; FEBRUARY 2014; INFECTION; BRAZIL; BRAIN; OUTBREAK AB Context.-As the number of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections continues to grow, so, too, does the spectrum of recognized clinical disease, in both adult and congenital infections. Defining the tissue pathology associated with the various disease manifestations provides insight into pathogenesis and diagnosis, and potentially future prevention and treatment, of ZIKV infections. Objective.-To summarize the syndromes and pathology associated with ZIKV infection, the implications of pathologic findings in the pathogenesis of ZIKV disease, and the use of pathology specimens for diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Data Sources.-The major sources of information for this review were published articles obtained from PubMed and pathologic findings from cases submitted to the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Conclusions.-Pathologic findings associated with ZIKV infection are characteristic but not specific. In congenital Zika syndrome, tissue pathology is due to direct viral infection of neural structures, whereas in Guillain-Barre syndrome, pathology is likely due to a postviral, aberrant host-directed immune response. Both fetal and placental pathology specimens are useful for ZIKV diagnosis by molecular and immunohistochemical assays; however, the implications of ZIKV detection in placentas from secondand third-trimester normal live births are unclear, as the potential postnatal effects of late gestational exposure remain to be seen. C1 [Ritter, Jana M.; Martines, Roosecelis B.; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-32, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Ritter, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-32, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jritter@cdc.gov NR 109 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU COLL AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 EI 1543-2165 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 141 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.5858/arpa.2016-0397-SA PG 11 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA EO0GH UT WOS:000396375800008 PM 27704909 ER PT J AU Siegel, DA Wilson, R Wilkinson, EJ Gargano, JW Watson, M Hernandez, BY Goodman, MT Lynch, CF Unger, ER Saraiya, M AF Siegel, David A. Wilson, Reda Wilkinson, Edward J. Gargano, Julia W. Watson, Meg Hernandez, Brenda Y. Goodman, Marc T. Lynch, Charles F. Unger, Elizabeth R. Saraiya, Mona TI Evaluation of the Vulvar Cancer Histology Code Reported by Central Cancer Registries Importance in Epidemiology SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Context.-Knowing the subtype of vulvar cancer histology is important for estimating human papillomavirus-related cancer etiology. Surveillance of human papillomavirus-related vulvar cancers informs public health decisions related to vaccination against human papillomavirus. Objective.-To assess the accuracy of registry classifications of vulvar cancer and determine the histologic classification of cases reported as not otherwise specified. Design.-Pathology specimens were collected from Florida, Iowa, and Hawaii cancer registries. Registry diagnosis was compared with the pathology report from the medical record and a single expert study histology review of a representative histologic section from each case. Results.-The study included 60 invasive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases, 6 Paget disease cases, 2 basal cell carcinoma cases, and 53 in situ cases. Comparing subtypes of invasive vulvar SCC, the registry agreed with the pathology report classification in 49 of 60 cases (81.7%). Study histology review identified the same SCC subtype as the registry in 9 of 60 cases (15.0%) and the same SCC subtype as the pathology report in 11 of 60 cases (18.3%). Whereas the registry and pathology reports classified 37 and 34 cases, respectively, as being SCC not otherwise specified, the study histology review identified a more specific subtype in all cases. Conclusions.-Subtypes of vulvar cancer were frequently recorded as not otherwise specified in the cancer registry primarily because the pathology report often did not specify the histologic subtype. Vulvar cancer registry data are useful for tracking broad diagnostic categories, but are less reliable for vulvar cancer subtypes. C1 [Siegel, David A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Aflac Canc & Blood Disorders Ctr, Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wilson, Reda; Watson, Meg; Saraiya, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy MS F76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gargano, Julia W.; Unger, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gargano, Julia W.; Unger, Elizabeth R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wilkinson, Edward J.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hernandez, Brenda Y.] Univ Hawaii, Ctr Canc, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Goodman, Marc T.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Biomed Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Lynch, Charles F.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy MS F76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM yzs2@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA086862] NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLL AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 EI 1543-2165 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 141 IS 1 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.5858/arpa.2015-0422-OA PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA EO0GH UT WOS:000396375800020 PM 27763794 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Zhong, YN Gillespie, C Merritt, R Bowman, B George, MG Flanders, WD AF Yang, Quanhe Zhong, Yuna Gillespie, Cathleen Merritt, Robert Bowman, Barbara George, Mary G. Flanders, W. Dana TI Assessing potential population impact of statin treatment for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in the USA: population-based modelling study SO BMJ OPEN LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; NETWORK METAANALYSIS; ESC/EAS GUIDELINES; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; LOW-RISK; THERAPY; UPDATE; SAFETY AB Objective New cholesterol treatment guidelines from American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association recommend statin treatment for more of US population to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). It is important to assess how new guidelines may affect population-level health. This study assessed the impact of statin use for primary prevention of ASCVD under the new guidelines. Methods We used data from 2010 US Multiple Cause Mortality, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) Linked Mortality File (1988-2006, n=8941) and NHANES 2005-2010 (n=3178) participants 40-75years of age for the present study. Results Among 33.0 million adults meeting new guidelines for primary prevention of ASCVD, 8.8 million were taking statins; 24.2 million, including 7.7 million with diabetes, are eligible for statin treatment. If all those with diabetes used a statin, 2514 (95% CI 592 to 4142) predicted ASCVD deaths would be prevented annually with 482 (0 to 2239) predicted annual additional cases of myopathy based on randomised clinical trials (RCTs), and 11801 (9251 to 14916) using population-based study. Among 16.5 million without diabetes, 5425 (1276 to 8935) ASCVD deaths would be prevented annually with 16406 (4922 to 26250) predicted annual additional cases of diabetes and between 1030 (0 to 4791) and 24302 (19363 to 30292) additional cases of myopathy based on RCTs and population-based study. Assuming 80% eligible population take statins with 80% medication adherence, among those without diabetes, the corresponding numbers were 3472 (817 to 5718) deaths, 10500 (3150 to 16800) diabetes, 660 (0 to 3066) myopathy (RCTs), and 15554 (12392 to 19387) myopathy (population-based). The estimated total annual cost of statins use ranged from US$1.65 to US$6.5 billion if 100% of eligible population take statins. Conclusions This population-based modelling study focused on impact of statin use on ASCVD mortality. Under the new guidelines, if all those eligible for primary prevention of ASCVD take statins, up to 12.6% of annual ASCVD deaths might be prevented, though additional cases of diabetes and myopathy likely occur. Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. C1 [Yang, Quanhe; Zhong, Yuna; Gillespie, Cathleen; Merritt, Robert; Bowman, Barbara; George, Mary G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Flanders, W. Dana] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM qay0@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 2044-6055 J9 BMJ OPEN JI BMJ Open PD JAN PY 2017 VL 7 IS 1 AR e011684 DI 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011684 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EM8VX UT WOS:000395590300012 PM 28119384 ER PT J AU Lemons, AR Hogan, MB Gault, RA Holland, K Sobek, E Olsen-Wilson, KA Park, Y Park, JH Gu, JK Kashon, ML Green, BJ AF Lemons, Angela R. Hogan, Mary Beth Gault, Ruth A. Holland, Kathleen Sobek, Edward Olsen-Wilson, Kimberly A. Park, Yeonmi Park, Ju-Hyeong Gu, Ja Kook Kashon, Michael L. Green, Brett J. TI Microbial rRNA sequencing analysis of evaporative cooler indoor environments located in the Great Basin Desert region of the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID CONSERVED FUNGAL ALLERGENS; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; ENDOTOXIN; DUST; AMPLIFICATION; DIVERSITY; ASTHMA; HOMES; PCR; AIR AB Recent studies conducted in the Great Basin Desert region of the United States have shown that skin test reactivity to fungal and dust mite allergens are increased in children with asthma or allergy living in homes with evaporative coolers (EC). The objective of this study was to determine if the increased humidity previously reported in EC homes leads to varying microbial populations compared to homes with air conditioners (AC). Children with physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis living in EC or AC environments were recruited into the study. Air samples were collected from the child's bedroom for genomic DNA extraction and metagenomic analysis of bacteria and fungi using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. The analysis of bacterial populations revealed no major differences between EC and AC sampling environments. The fungal populations observed in EC homes differed from AC homes. The most prevalent species discovered in AC environments belonged to the genera Cryptococcus (20%) and Aspergillus (20%). In contrast, the most common fungi identified in EC homes belonged to the order Pleosporales and included Alternaria alternata (32%) and Phoma spp. (22%). The variations in fungal populations provide preliminary evidence of the microbial burden children may be exposed to within EC environments in this region. C1 [Lemons, Angela R.; Green, Brett J.] NIOSH, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Hogan, Mary Beth] Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Pediat Ctr, Dept Pediat, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Gault, Ruth A.] Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Holland, Kathleen] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Sobek, Edward] Assured Bio Labs LLC, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Olsen-Wilson, Kimberly A.] Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Ctr Mol Med, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Park, Yeonmi; Park, Ju-Hyeong] NIOSH, Field Studies Branch, Resp Hlth Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Gu, Ja Kook; Kashon, Michael L.] NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Lemons, AR (reprint author), NIOSH, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM wrw0@cdc.gov OI Lemons, Angela/0000-0003-3057-9888 FU NIOSH [AES12007001-1-0-6]; NIEHS [AES12007001-1-0-6]; Nell J Redfield Foundation FX The findings and the conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The authors declare no conflict of interest. This study was supported in part by an interagency agreement between NIOSH and NIEHS (AES12007001-1-0-6) as a collaborative National Toxicology Program research activity. The study was also supported in part by a grant from the Nell J Redfield Foundation. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2017 VL 19 IS 2 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1039/c6em00413j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN2WS UT WOS:000395871600002 PM 28091681 ER PT J AU Song, RG Hall, HI Green, TA Szwarcwald, CL Pantazis, N AF Song, Ruiguang Hall, H. Irene Green, Timothy A. Szwarcwald, Celia L. Pantazis, Nikos TI Using CD4 Data to Estimate HIV Incidence, Prevalence, and Percent of Undiagnosed Infections in the United States SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE CD4; diagnosis delay; HIV; incidence; prevalence; surveillance ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV/AIDS SURVEILLANCE DATA; VIRAL LOAD; TIME; SEROCONVERSION; DIAGNOSIS; RATES; COUNT; MODEL AB Introduction: The incidence and prevalence of HIV infection are important measures of HIV trends; however, they are difficult to estimate because of the long incubation period between infection and symptom development and the relative infrequency of HIV screening. A new method is introduced to estimate HIV incidence, prevalence, and the number of undiagnosed infections in the United States using data from the HIV case surveillance system and CD4 test results. Methods: Persons with HIV diagnosed during 2006-2013 and their CD4 test results were used to estimate the distribution of diagnosis delay from HIV infection to diagnosis based on a well-characterized CD4 depletion model. This distribution was then used to estimate HIV incidence, prevalence, and the number of undiagnosed infections. Results: Applying this method, we estimated that the annual number of new HIV infections decreased after 2007, from 48,300 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 47,300 to 49,400) to 39,000 (95% CI: 36,600 to 41,400) in 2013. Prevalence increased from 923,200 (95% CI: 914,500 to 931,800) in 2006 to 1,104,600 (95% CI: 1,084,300 to 1,124,900) in 2013, whereas the proportion of undiagnosed infections decreased from 21.0% in 2006 (95% CI: 20.2% to 21.7%) to 16.4% (95% CI: 15.7% to 17.2%) in 2013. Conclusions: HIV incidence, prevalence, and undiagnosed infections can be estimated using HIV case surveillance data and information on first CD4 test result after diagnosis. Similar to earlier findings, the decreases in incidence and undiagnosed infections are encouraging but intensified efforts for HIV testing and treatment are needed to meet the goals of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy. C1 [Song, Ruiguang; Hall, H. Irene; Green, Timothy A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Szwarcwald, Celia L.] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Commun & Informat Sci & Technol Hlth, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Pantazis, Nikos] Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg Epidemiol & Med Stat, Athens, Greece. RP Song, RG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E48, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM rsong@cdc.gov FU US Government FX Supported by US Government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 74 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EN4RL UT WOS:000395994500006 PM 27509244 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Wiener, J King, CC Heffron, R Mugo, NR Nanda, K Pyra, M Donnell, D Celum, C Lingappa, JR Baeten, JM AF Kourtis, Athena P. Wiener, Jeffrey King, Caroline C. Heffron, Renee Mugo, Nelly R. Nanda, Kavita Pyra, Maria Donnell, Deborah Celum, Connie Lingappa, Jairam R. Baeten, Jared M. CA Partners Prevention HSV HIV Partners PrEP Study Team TI Effect of Pregnancy on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected African Women SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; HIV; antiretroviral therapy; response; African ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; HIV-1-INFECTED WOMEN; DISEASE PROGRESSION; TRANSMISSION; IMPACT; AIDS; MEN AB Background: While most recent evidence does not support a role for pregnancy in accelerating HIV disease progression, very little information is available on the effects of incident pregnancy in response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Hormonal, immune, and behavioral changes during pregnancy may influence response to ART. We sought to explore the effects of incident pregnancy (after ART initiation) on virologic, immunologic, and clinical response to ART. Methods: Data were collected from HIV-infected women participating in 3 prospective studies (Partners in Prevention Herpes simplex virus/HIV Transmission Study, Couples Observational Study, and Partners Preexposure Prophylaxis Study) from 7 countries in Africa from 2004 to 2012. Women were included in this analysis if they were <= 45 years of age, were started on ART during the study and were not pregnant at ART initiation. Pregnancy was treated as a time-dependent exposure variable covering the duration of pregnancy, including all pregnancies occurring after ART initiation. Virologic failure was defined as a viral load (VL) greater than 400 copies per milliliter >= 6 months after ART initiation and viral suppression was defined as VL <= 400 copies per milliliter. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between pregnancy and time to viral suppression, virologic failure, World Health Organization clinical stage III/IV, and death. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the association between pregnancy and CD4(+) count and VL. All analyses were adjusted for confounders, including pre-ART CD4(+) count and plasma VL. Results: A total of 1041 women were followed, contributing 1196.1 person-years of follow- up. Median CD4(+) count before ART initiation was 276 cells per cubic millimeter (interquartile range, 209-375); median pre-ART VL was 17,511 copies per milliliter (interquartile range, 2480-69,286). One hundred ten women became pregnant after ART initiation. Pregnancy was not associated with time to viral suppression (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82 to 1.77), time to virologic failure (aHR, 0.67, 95% CI: 0.37 to 1.22), time toWorld Health Organization clinical stage III or IV (aHR, 0.79, 95% CI: 0.19 to 3.30), or time to death (aHR, 2.04, 95% CI: 0.25 to 16.8). Incident pregnancy was associated with an adjusted mean decrease in CD4(+) T-cell count of 47.3 cells per cubic millimeter (P, 0.001), but not with difference in VL (P = 0.06). Conclusions: For HIV-infected women on ART, incident pregnancy does not affect virologic control or clinical HIV disease progression. A modest decrease in CD4(+) T-cell count could be due to physiologic effects of pregnancy. C1 [Kourtis, Athena P.; Wiener, Jeffrey; King, Caroline C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Heffron, Renee; Mugo, Nelly R.; Pyra, Maria; Celum, Connie; Baeten, Jared M.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Heffron, Renee; Mugo, Nelly R.; Pyra, Maria; Donnell, Deborah; Celum, Connie; Lingappa, Jairam R.; Baeten, Jared M.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mugo, Nelly R.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Sexual Reprod Adolescent & Child Hlth Res Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Nanda, Kavita] FHI 360, Contracept Technol Innovat Dept, Durham, NC USA. [Donnell, Deborah] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Vaccine & Infect Dis, 1124 Columbia St, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Celum, Connie; Lingappa, Jairam R.; Baeten, Jared M.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Lingappa, Jairam R.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U48 DP 005013 SIP 14-023]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development of the United States National Institutes of Health [R21 HD074439]; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1056051, 26469, 41185] FX The sources of support included Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research Center supported by Cooperative Agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U48 DP 005013 SIP 14-023), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development of the United States National Institutes of Health (R21 HD074439) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1056051, 26469, and 41185). NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 74 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EN4RL UT WOS:000395994500011 PM 27787340 ER PT J AU Ng'eno, BN Perrine, CG Whitehead, RD Subedi, GR Mebrahtu, S Dahal, P Jefferds, MED AF Ng'eno, Bernadette N. Perrine, Cria G. Whitehead, Ralph D., Jr. Subedi, Giri Raj Mebrahtu, Saba Dahal, Pradiumna Jefferds, Maria Elena D. TI High Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency and No Folate Deficiency in Young Children in Nepal SO NUTRIENTS LA English DT Article DE serum B12; red blood cell folate; animal source foods ID MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES; COBALAMIN STATUS; WOMEN; INFANTS; PREGNANCY; SUPPLEMENTATION; IMPACT; FOODS; ACID AB Many children in low-and middle-income countries may have inadequate intake of vitamin B12 and folate; data confirming these inadequacies are limited. We used biochemical, demographic, behavioral and anthropometric data to describe the folate and vitamin B12 concentrations among six-to 23-month-old Nepalese children. Vitamin B12 (serum B12 < 150 pmol/L) and folate deficiencies (red blood cell (RBC) folate < 226.5 nmol/L) were assessed. We used logistic regression to identify predictors of vitamin B12 deficiency. The vitamin B12 geometric mean was 186 pmol/L; 30.2% of children were deficient. The mean RBC folate concentration was 13,612 nmol/L; there was no deficiency. Factors associated with vitamin B12 deficiency included: (a) age six to 11 months (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 1.92) or 12-17 months (aOR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.72) compared to 18-23 months; (b) being stunted (aOR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.50) compared to not being stunted; (c) and not eating animal-source foods (aOR 1.85; 95% CI: 1.42, 2.41) compared to eating animal-source foods the previous day. There was a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency, but no folate deficiency. Improving early feeding practices, including the consumption of rich sources of vitamin B12, such as animal-source foods and fortified foods, may help decrease deficiency. C1 [Ng'eno, Bernadette N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Educ & Profess Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ng'eno, Bernadette N.; Perrine, Cria G.; Whitehead, Ralph D., Jr.; Jefferds, Maria Elena D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Activ & Obes, Div Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Subedi, Giri Raj] Minist Hlth & Populat, Child Hlth Div, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal. [Mebrahtu, Saba; Dahal, Pradiumna] UNICEF, Nutr Sect, Lalitpur,P. Box 1187, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal. RP Jefferds, MED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Activ & Obes, Div Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM uyt0@cdc.gov; hgk3@cdc.gov; rnw2@cdc.gov; subedi.giriraj@gmail.com; smebrahtu@outlook.com; pdahal@unicef.org; mjefferds@cdc.gov FU Government of Nepal; Ministry of Health and Population; UNICEF Nepal Country Office; UNICEF Nepal FX The Government of Nepal, the Ministry of Health and Population and the UNICEF Nepal Country Office supported the implementation of the pilot intervention. UNICEF Nepal funded an external agency to conduct the monitoring surveys. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6643 J9 NUTRIENTS JI Nutrients PD JAN PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 AR 72 DI 10.3390/nu9010072 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EO1NP UT WOS:000396465500071 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, F Sturm-Ramirez, K Al Mamun, A Iuliano, AD Bhuiyan, MU Chisti, MJ Ahmed, M Haider, S Rahman, M Azziz-Baumgartner, E AF Chowdhury, Fahmida Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine Al Mamun, Abdullah Iuliano, A. Danielle Bhuiyan, Mejbah Uddin Chisti, Mohammod Jobayer Ahmed, Makhdum Haider, Sabbir Rahman, Mahmudur Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo TI Factors driving customers to seek health care from pharmacies for acute respiratory illness and treatment recommendations from drug sellers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh SO PATIENT PREFERENCE AND ADHERENCE LA English DT Article DE drug sellers; pharmacy; acute respiratory illness; dispensing practice; health care seeking; customers ID RURAL BANGLADESH; ECONOMIC BURDEN; INTERVENTIONS; PNEUMONIA; COUNTRIES; BEHAVIOR; QUALITY AB Background: Pharmacies in Bangladesh serve as an important source of health service. A survey in Dhaka reported that 48% of respondents with symptoms of acute respiratory illness (ARI) identified local pharmacies as their first point of care. This study explores the factors driving urban customers to seek health care from pharmacies for ARI, their treatment adherence, and outcome. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 selected pharmacies within Dhaka from June to December 2012. Study participants were patients or patients' relatives aged>18 years seeking care for ARI from pharmacies without prescription. Structured interviews were conducted with customers after they sought health service from drug sellers and again over phone 5 days postinterview to discuss treatment adherence and outcome. Results: We interviewed 302 customers patronizing 76 pharmacies; 186 (62%) sought care for themselves and 116 (38%) sought care for a sick relative. Most customers (215; 71%) were males. The majority (90%) of customers sought care from the study pharmacy as their first point of care, while 18 (6%) had previously sought care from another pharmacy and 11 (4%) from a physician for their illness episodes. The most frequently reported reasons for seeking care from pharmacies were ease of access to pharmacies (86%), lower cost (46%), availability of medicine (33%), knowing the drug seller (20%), and convenient hours of operation (19%). The most commonly recommended drugs were acetaminophen dispensed in 76% (228) of visits, antihistamine in 69% (208), and antibiotics in 42% (126). On follow-up, most (86%) of the customers had recovered and 12% had sought further treatment. Conclusion: People with ARI preferred to seek care at pharmacies rather than clinics because these pharmacies were more accessible and provided prompt treatment and medicine with no service charge. We recommend raising awareness among drug sellers on proper dispensing practices and enforcement of laws and regulations for drug sales. C1 [Chowdhury, Fahmida; Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine; Al Mamun, Abdullah; Bhuiyan, Mejbah Uddin; Chisti, Mohammod Jobayer; Ahmed, Makhdum] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Div Infect Dis, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine; Iuliano, A. Danielle; Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Haider, Sabbir; Rahman, Mahmudur] Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Chowdhury, F (reprint author), Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Div Infect Dis, Programme Emerging Infect, Resp Viruses Working Grp, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM fahmida_chow@icddrb.org OI Ahmed, Makhdum/0000-0002-0772-8710 FU CDC [U01/CI000628-03] FX This research study was funded by CDC, grant number CDC Cooperative U01/CI000628-03. icddr,b acknowledges with gratitude the commitment of CDC to its research efforts. icddr, b is also grateful to the governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden, and the UK for providing core/unrestricted support. The abstract of this article was presented at the ICEID 2015 Conference named "Factors driving customers to seek health care in pharmacies for acute respiratory illness, a pilot study in Dhaka City, Bangladesh" as a poster presentation with interim findings. The poster's abstract was published in "International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2015 Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts", http://www.iceid.org. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1177-889X J9 PATIENT PREFER ADHER JI Patient Prefer. Adherence PY 2017 VL 11 BP 479 EP 486 DI 10.2147/PPA.S121800 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EN2BB UT WOS:000395813300001 PM 28293104 ER PT J AU Coughlin, MM Beck, AS Bankamp, B Rota, PA AF Coughlin, Melissa M. Beck, Andrew S. Bankamp, Bettina Rota, Paul A. TI Perspective on Global Measles Epidemiology and Control and the Role of Novel Vaccination Strategies SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Review DE measles; elimination; surveillance; vaccine; novel vaccination strategies ID 9-MONTH-OLD MEXICAN CHILDREN; VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ PROTEIN; EDMONSTON-ZAGREB; RUBELLA VACCINE; WILD-TYPE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS; SUBCUTANEOUS ROUTES; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS AB Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine preventable disease. Measles results in a systemic illness which causes profound immunosuppression often leading to severe complications. In 2010, theWorld Health Assembly declared that measles can and should be eradicated. Measles has been eliminated in the Region of the Americas, and the remaining five regions of the World Health Organization (WHO) have adopted measles elimination goals. Significant progress has been made through increased global coverage of first and second doses of measles- containing vaccine, leading to a decrease in global incidence of measles, and through improved case based surveillance supported by the WHO Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network. Improved vaccine delivery methods will likely play an important role in achieving measles elimination goals as these delivery methods circumvent many of the logistic issues associated with subcutaneous injection. This review highlights the status of global measles epidemiology, novel measles vaccination strategies, and describes the pathway toward measles elimination. C1 [Coughlin, Melissa M.; Beck, Andrew S.; Bankamp, Bettina; Rota, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mcoughlin@cdc.gov; abeck@cdc.gov; bbankamp@cdc.gov; prota@cdc.gov FU American Society for Microbiology (ASM) under the ASM/CDC Resident Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in Microbiology FX ASB is supported by the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) under the ASM/CDC Resident Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in Microbiology. NR 111 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD JAN PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 AR 11 DI 10.3390/v9010011 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA EO1RS UT WOS:000396476200010 ER PT J AU Kuempel, ED Jaurand, MC Moller, P Morimoto, Y Kobayashi, N Pinkerton, KE Sargent, LM Vermeulen, RCH Fubini, B Kane, AB AF Kuempel, Eileen D. Jaurand, Marie-Claude Moller, Peter Morimoto, Yasuo Kobayashi, Norihiro Pinkerton, Kent E. Sargent, Linda M. Vermeulen, Roel C. H. Fubini, Bice Kane, Agnes B. TI Evaluating the mechanistic evidence and key data gaps in assessing the potential carcinogenicity of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers in humans SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Cancer mechanisms; carbon nanofibers; carbon nanotubes; cell proliferation; fibrosis; genotoxicity; inflammation; lung cancer; mesothelioma; particle retention; pulmonary; translocation ID LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; OXIDATIVELY DAMAGED DNA; IN-VIVO GENOTOXICITY; NF-KAPPA-B; ASBESTOS-INDUCED MESOTHELIOMA; PULMONARY TOXICITY ASSESSMENT; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; ASPECT-RATIO NANOMATERIALS; POORLY SOLUBLE PARTICLES; STRUCTURAL DEFECTS PLAY AB In an evaluation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the IARC Monograph 111, the Mechanisms Subgroup was tasked with assessing the strength of evidence on the potential carcinogenicity of CNTs in humans. The mechanistic evidence was considered to be not strong enough to alter the evaluations based on the animal data. In this paper, we provide an extended, in-depth examination of the in vivo and in vitro experimental studies according to current hypotheses on the carcinogenicity of inhaled particles and fibers. We cite additional studies of CNTs that were not available at the time of the IARC meeting in October 2014, and extend our evaluation to include carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Finally, we identify key data gaps and suggest research needs to reduce uncertainty. The focus of this review is on the cancer risk to workers exposed to airborne CNT or CNF during the production and use of these materials. The findings of this review, in general, affirm those of the original evaluation on the inadequate or limited evidence of carcinogenicity for most types of CNTs and CNFs at this time, and possible carcinogenicity of one type of CNT (MWCNT-7). The key evidence gaps to be filled by research include: investigation of possible associations between in vitro and early-stage in vivo events that may be predictive of lung cancer or mesothelioma, and systematic analysis of dose-response relationships across materials, including evaluation of the influence of physico-chemical properties and experimental factors on the observation of nonmalignant and malignant endpoints. C1 [Kuempel, Eileen D.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Jaurand, Marie-Claude] Inst Natl Sante & Rech Med, Unite Mixte Rech, UMR 1162, Paris, France. [Jaurand, Marie-Claude] Univ Paris 05, Labex Immunooncol, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. [Jaurand, Marie-Claude] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Inst Hematol, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. [Jaurand, Marie-Claude] Univ Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cite, St Denis, France. [Moller, Peter] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Morimoto, Yasuo] Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Occupat Pneumol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan. [Kobayashi, Norihiro] Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Pinkerton, Kent E.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sargent, Linda M.] NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. [Vermeulen, Roel C. H.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Fubini, Bice] Univ Turin, Dept Chem, Turin, Italy. [Fubini, Bice] Univ Turin, G Scansetti Interdept Ctr, Turin, Italy. [Kane, Agnes B.] Brown Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Kuempel, ED (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ekuempel@cdc.gov NR 404 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 EI 1547-6898 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2017 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 58 DI 10.1080/10408444.2016.1206061 PG 58 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA EM1TD UT WOS:000395099000001 PM 27537422 ER PT J AU Chai, SJ Cole, D Nisler, A Mahon, BE AF Chai, S. J. Cole, D. Nisler, A. Mahon, B. E. TI Poultry: the most common food in outbreaks with known pathogens, United States, 1998-2012 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Foodborne infections; food safety; outbreaks ID FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; MEAT; DISEASE; SURVEILLANCE; BEHAVIORS; WORKING AB As poultry consumption continues to increase worldwide, and as the United States accounts for about one-third of all poultry exports globally, understanding factors leading to poultry-associated foodborne outbreaks in the United States has important implications for food safety. We analysed outbreaks reported to the United States' Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System from 1998 to 2012 in which the implicated food or ingredient could be assigned to one food category. Of 1114 outbreaks, poultry was associated with 279 (25%), accounting for the highest number of outbreaks, illnesses, and hospitalizations, and the second highest number of deaths. Of the 149 poultry-associated outbreaks caused by a confirmed pathogen, Salmonella enterica (43%) and Clostridium perfringens (26%) were the most common pathogens. Restaurants were the most commonly reported location of food preparation (37% of poultry-associated outbreaks), followed by private homes (25%), and catering facilities (13%). The most commonly reported factors contributing to poultry-associated outbreaks were food-handling errors (64%) and inadequate cooking (53%). Effective measures to reduce poultry contamination, promote safe food-handling practices, and ensure food handlers do not work while ill could reduce poultry-associated outbreaks and illnesses. C1 Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mahon, B. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mahon, BE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bdm3@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 145 IS 2 BP 316 EP 325 DI 10.1017/S0950268816002375 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA EK2LF UT WOS:000393758100012 PM 27780481 ER PT J AU Guy, GP Berkowitz, Z Watson, M AF Guy, Gery P., Jr. Berkowitz, Zahava Watson, Meg TI Estimated Cost of Sunburn-Associated Visits to US Hospital Emergency Departments SO JAMA DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Guy, Gery P., Jr.; Berkowitz, Zahava; Watson, Meg] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS-F76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Guy, GP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS-F76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM irm2@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-6068 EI 2168-6084 J9 JAMA DERMATOL JI JAMA Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 153 IS 1 BP 90 EP 92 DI 10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.4231 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA EK2UM UT WOS:000393782200022 PM 27902809 ER PT J AU Plant, A Montoya, JA Tyree, R Aragon, L Weber, M Le Veque, M Anderson, CM Soler, RE Kent, C AF Plant, Aaron Montoya, Jorge A. Tyree, Rachel Aragon, Linda Weber, Mark Le Veque, Matthew Anderson, Christopher M. Soler, Robin E. Kent, Charlotte TI The Break Up: Evaluation of an Anti-Smoking Educational Campaign for Lesbians, Gays, and Bisexuals in Los Angeles County SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO USE; TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY; SMOKING-CESSATION; SEXUAL MINORITIES; INTERVENTIONS; DISPARITIES; MEN AB e past 6months). There was a 0.7% increase in the percentage of weekly calls b Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in the United States have a higher prevalence of smoking than their heterosexual counterparts. In 2013, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health launched a social marketing and outreach campaign called Break Up to reduce the prevalence of smoking in LGB communities. Break Up was evaluated using cross-sectional, street-intercept surveys before and near the end of campaign. Surveys measured demographics, campaign awareness, and self-reported smoking-related outcomes. Bivariate statistics and logistic regression models were used to identify whether campaign awareness was associated with smoking-related outcomes. Calls by LGB persons to a smokers' helpline were also measured. Among those interviewed at endline, 32.7% reported Break Up awareness. Awareness was associated with thinking of quitting smoking and ever taking steps to quit but not with smoking cessation (defined as not smoking in the past 30days among those who had smoked in thy LGB persons to the helpline in the year after the campaign. Break Up reached about a third of its intended audience. The campaign was associated with smoking cessation precursors and may have led to an increase in helpline utilization, but there is no evidence it affected quit attempts. This study adds to the limited literature on tobacco programs for LGB persons and, as far as we know, is one of the first to evaluate tobacco-free social marketing in this important yet understudied population. C1 [Plant, Aaron; Montoya, Jorge A.] Sentient Res, 231 North Walnuthaven Dr, West Covina, CA 91790 USA. [Tyree, Rachel; Aragon, Linda; Weber, Mark] Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Le Veque, Matthew] Ruder Finn Inc, New York, NY USA. [Anderson, Christopher M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Moores Canc Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Soler, Robin E.; Kent, Charlotte] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Plant, A (reprint author), Sentient Res, 231 North Walnuthaven Dr, West Covina, CA 91790 USA. EM aaron@sentientresearch.net FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [5U58DP003631-03]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This article was supported in part by Award No. 5U58DP003631-03 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this article are our own and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In accordance with U.S. law, no federal funds provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were permitted to be used by community grantees for lobbying or to influence, directly or indirectly, specific pieces of pending or proposed legislation at the federal, state, or local levels. No conflicts of interest are declared. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 EI 1087-0415 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2017 VL 22 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1080/10810730.2016.1247485 PG 8 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA EK3XV UT WOS:000393862600004 PM 27967602 ER PT J AU Soka, MJ Choi, MJ Purpura, LJ Stroher, U Knust, B Rollin, P AF Soka, Moses J. Choi, Mary J. Purpura, Lawrence J. Stroher, Ute Knust, Barbara Rollin, Pierre TI Screening of genital fluid for Ebola virus Reply SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID PERSISTENCE C1 [Choi, Mary J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Soka, Moses J.; Purpura, Lawrence J.; Stroher, Ute; Knust, Barbara; Rollin, Pierre] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Choi, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM whz2@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD JAN PY 2017 VL 5 IS 1 BP E33 EP E33 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EN9SQ UT WOS:000396340300018 PM 27955779 ER PT J AU Steinhardt, LC St Jean, Y Impoinvil, D Mace, KE Wiegand, R Huber, CS Alexandre, JSF Frederick, J Nkurunziza, E Jean, S Wheeler, B Dotson, E Slutsker, L Kachur, SP Barnwell, JW Lemoine, JF Chang, MA AF Steinhardt, Laura C. St Jean, Yvan Impoinvil, Daniel Mace, Kimberly E. Wiegand, Ryan Huber, Curtis S. Alexandre, Jean Seme Fils Frederick, Joseph Nkurunziza, Emery Jean, Samuel Wheeler, Brian Dotson, Ellen Slutsker, Laurence Kachur, S. Patrick Barnwell, John W. Lemoine, Jean Frantz Chang, Michelle A. TI Effectiveness of insecticide-treated bednets in malaria prevention in Haiti: a case-control study SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID IMPREGNATED BED NETS; ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS; ELIMINATION; IMPACT; TRANSMISSION; HISPANIOLA; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; INFECTION; CHILDREN AB Background Insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) are effective in preventing malaria where vectors primarily bite indoors and late at night, but their effectiveness is uncertain where vectors bite outdoors and earlier in the evening. We studied the effectiveness of ITNs following a mass distribution in Haiti from May to September, 2012, where the Anopheles albimanus vector bites primarily outdoors and often when people are awake. Methods In this case-control study, we enrolled febrile patients presenting to outpatient departments at 17 health facilities throughout Haiti from Sept 4, 2012, to Feb 27, 2014, who were tested with malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and administered questionnaires on ITN use and other risk factors. Cases were defined by positive RDT and controls were febrile patients from the same clinic with a negative RDT. Our primary analysis retrospectively matched cases and controls by age, sex, location, and date, and used conditional logistic regression on the matched sample. A sensitivity analysis used propensity scores to match patients on ITN use propensity and analyse malaria among ITN users and non-users. Additional ITN bioefficacy and entomological data were collected. Findings We enrolled 9317 patients, including 378 (4%) RDT-positive cases. 1202 (13%) patients reported ITN use. Post-hoc matching of cases and controls yielded 362 cases and 1201 matched controls, 19% (333) of whom reported consistent campaign net use. After using propensity scores to match on consistent campaign ITN use, 2298 patients, including 138 (7%) RDT-positive cases, were included: 1149 consistent campaign ITN users and 1149 non-consistent campaign ITN users. Both analyses revealed that ITNs did not significantly protect against clinical malaria (odds ratio [OR]=0.95, 95% CI 0.68-1.32, p=0.745 for case-control analysis; OR=0.95, 95% CI 0.45-1.97, p=0.884 for propensity score analysis). ITN and entomological data indicated good ITN physical integrity and bioefficacy, and no permethrin resistance among local mosquitoes. Interpretation We found no evidence that mass ITN campaigns reduce clinical malaria in this observational study in Haiti; alternative malaria control strategies should be prioritised. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Steinhardt, Laura C.; Impoinvil, Daniel; Mace, Kimberly E.; Wiegand, Ryan; Huber, Curtis S.; Dotson, Ellen; Slutsker, Laurence; Kachur, S. Patrick; Barnwell, John W.; Chang, Michelle A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. [St Jean, Yvan; Frederick, Joseph; Lemoine, Jean Frantz] Minist Sante Publ & Populat, Programme Natl Controle Malaria, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Alexandre, Jean Seme Fils; Wheeler, Brian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Hlth Protect, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Nkurunziza, Emery; Jean, Samuel] Populat Serv Int, Port Au Prince, Haiti. RP Steinhardt, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM iyp6@cdc.gov FU Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria; US-based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, and the US-based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD JAN PY 2017 VL 5 IS 1 BP E96 EP E103 DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30238-8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EN9SQ UT WOS:000396340300032 PM 27894851 ER PT J AU Nikolay, B Salje, H Sturm-Ramirez, K Azziz-Baumgartner, E Homaira, N Ahmed, M Luliano, AD Paul, RC Rahman, M Hossain, MJ Luby, SP Cauchemez, S Gurley, ES AF Nikolay, Birgit Salje, Henrik Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo Homaira, Nusrat Ahmed, Makhdum Luliano, A. Danielle Paul, Repon C. Rahman, Mahmudur Hossain, M. Jahangir Luby, Stephen P. Cauchemez, Simon Gurley, Emily S. TI Evaluating Hospital-Based Surveillance for Outbreak Detection in Bangladesh: Analysis of Healthcare Utilization Data SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; INFLUENZA; HUMANS; VIRUS AB Background The International Health Regulations outline core requirements to ensure the detection of public health threats of international concern. Assessing the capacity of surveillance systems to detect these threats is crucial for evaluating a country's ability to meet these requirements. Methods and Findings We propose a framework to evaluate the sensitivity and representativeness of hospital-based surveillance and apply it to severe neurological infectious diseases and fatal respiratory infectious diseases in Bangladesh. We identified cases in selected communities within surveillance hospital catchment areas using key informant and house-to-house surveys and ascertained where cases had sought care. We estimated the probability of surveillance detecting different sized outbreaks by distance from the surveillance hospital and compared characteristics of cases identified in the community and cases attending surveillance hospitals. We estimated that surveillance detected 26% (95% CI 18%-33%) of severe neurological disease cases and 18% (95% CI 16%-21%) of fatal respiratory disease cases residing at 10 km distance from a surveillance hospital. Detection probabilities decreased markedly with distance. The probability of detecting small outbreaks (three cases) dropped below 50% at distances greater than 26 km for severe neurological disease and at distances greater than 7 km for fatal respiratory disease. Characteristics of cases attending surveillance hospitals were largely representative of all cases; however, neurological disease cases aged <5 y or from the lowest socioeconomic group and fatal respiratory disease cases aged >= 60 y were underrepresented. Our estimates of outbreak detection rely on suspected cases that attend a surveillance hospital receiving laboratory confirmation of disease and being reported to the surveillance system. The extent to which this occurs will depend on disease characteristics (e. g., severity and symptom specificity) and surveillance resources. Conclusion We present a new approach to evaluating the sensitivity and representativeness of hospital-based surveillance, making it possible to predict its ability to detect emerging threats. C1 [Nikolay, Birgit; Salje, Henrik; Cauchemez, Simon] Inst Pasteur, Math Modelling Infect Dis Unit, Paris, France. [Nikolay, Birgit; Salje, Henrik; Cauchemez, Simon] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, URA3012, Paris, France. [Nikolay, Birgit; Salje, Henrik; Cauchemez, Simon] Inst Pasteur, Ctr Bioinformat Biostat & Integrat Biol, Paris, France. [Salje, Henrik] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine; Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo; Luliano, A. Danielle] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine; Homaira, Nusrat; Paul, Repon C.; Gurley, Emily S.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Div Infect Dis, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Homaira, Nusrat] Univ New South Wales, Sch Womens & Childrens Hlth, Discipline Paediat, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Ahmed, Makhdum] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ahmed, Makhdum] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Lymphoma & Myeloma, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Paul, Repon C.] Univ New South Wales Australia, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Rahman, Mahmudur] Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Hossain, M. Jahangir] Med Res Council Unit Gambia, Banjul, Gambia. [Luby, Stephen P.] Stanford Univ, Div Infect Dis, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Salje, H (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Math Modelling Infect Dis Unit, Paris, France.; Salje, H (reprint author), Ctr Natl Rech Sci, URA3012, Paris, France.; Salje, H (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Ctr Bioinformat Biostat & Integrat Biol, Paris, France.; Salje, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM henrik.salje@pasteur.fr OI Salje, Henrik/0000-0003-3626-4254 FU European Union [278433-PREDEMICS]; Laboratory of Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases; AXA Research Fund; National Institute for General Medical Sciences-The Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The study was funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement number 278433-PREDEMICS (http://predemics.biomedtrain.eu/cms/), The Laboratory of Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (https://research.pasteur.fr/fr/program_project/integrative-biology-of-e merging-infectious-diseases/), AXA Research Fund (https://www.axa-research.org), National Institute for General Medical Sciences-The Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study (https://www.nigms.nih.gov/Research/SpecificAreas/MIDAS/Pages/default.as px), and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (http://www.cdc.gov/). Co-authors who work for CDC were involved in survey design and report writing. Other sponsors had no involvement in study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the report; or the decision to publish. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 14 IS 1 AR e1002218 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002218 PG 18 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EN0SM UT WOS:000395719900014 PM 28095468 ER PT J AU Dunnum, JL Yanagihara, R Johnson, KM Armien, B Batsaikhan, N Morgan, L Cook, JA AF Dunnum, Jonathan L. Yanagihara, Richard Johnson, Karl M. Armien, Blas Batsaikhan, Nyamsuren Morgan, Laura Cook, Joseph A. TI Biospecimen Repositories and Integrated Databases as Critical Infrastructure for Pathogen Discovery and Pathobiology Research SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; COLLECTIONS; RESERVOIRS; HISTORY C1 [Dunnum, Jonathan L.; Johnson, Karl M.; Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dunnum, Jonathan L.; Johnson, Karl M.; Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Yanagihara, Richard] Univ Hawaii Manoa, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Armien, Blas] Inst Conmemorat Gorgas, Panama City, Panama. [Batsaikhan, Nyamsuren] Natl Univ Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Morgan, Laura] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dunnum, JL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.; Dunnum, JL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jldunnum@unm.edu FU National Science Foundation [9972154, 0196095, 0415668, 1258010]; US Public Health Service from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01AI075057]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health [P20GM103516, P30GM114737] FX Development of these ideas was supported in part through National Science Foundation grants (9972154, 0196095, 0415668, 1258010), US Public Health Service grants R01AI075057 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and P20GM103516 and P30GM114737 (Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 11 IS 1 AR e005133 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005133 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EK8CR UT WOS:000394152000005 PM 28125619 ER PT J AU Kwakye-Maclean, C Agana, N Gyapong, J Nortey, P Adu-Sarkodie, Y Aryee, E Asiedu, K Ballard, R Binka, F AF Kwakye-Maclean, Cynthia Agana, Nsiire Gyapong, John Nortey, Priscilia Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw Aryee, Esther Asiedu, Kingsley Ballard, Roland Binka, Fred TI A Single Dose Oral Azithromycin versus Intramuscular Benzathine Penicillin for the Treatment of Yaws-A Randomized Non Inferiority Trial in Ghana SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; ENDEMIC TREPONEMATOSES; PERTENUE; SYPHILIS; STRAIN AB Background Yaws is a treponemal infection that was almost eradicated fifty years ago; however, the disease has re-emerged in a number of countries including Ghana. A single-dose of intramuscular benzathine penicillin has been the mainstay of treatment for yaws. However, intramuscular injections are painful and pose safety and logistical constraints in the poor areas where yaws occurs. A single center randomized control trial (RCT) carried out in Papua New Guinea in 2012 demonstrated the efficacy of a single-dose of oral azithromycin for the treatment of yaws. In this study, we also compared the efficacy of a single oral dose of azithromycin as an alternative to intramuscular benzathine penicillin for the treatment of the disease in another geographic setting. Methodology We conducted an open-label, randomized non-inferiority trial in three neighboring yaws-endemic districts in Southern Ghana. Children aged 1 - 15 years with yaws lesions were assigned to receive either 30mg/kg of oral azithromycin or 50,000 units/kg of intramuscular benzathine penicillin. The primary end point was clinical cure rate, defined as a complete or partial resolution of lesions 3 weeks after treatment. The secondary endpoint was serological cure, defined as at least a 4-fold decline in baseline RPR titre 6 months after treatment. Non-inferiority of azithromycin treatment was determined if the upper bound limit of a 2 sided 95% CI was less than 10%. Findings The mean age of participants was 9.5 years (S.D.3.1, range: 1-15 years), 247(70%) were males. The clinical cure rates were 98.2% (95% CI: 96.2-100) in the azithromycin group and 96.9% (95% CI: 94.1-99.6) in the benzathine penicillin group. The serological cure rates at 6 months were 57.4% (95% CI: 49.9-64.9) in the azithromycin group and 49.1% (95% CI: 41.2-56.9) in the benzathine penicillin group, thus achieving the specified criteria for non-inferiority. Conclusions A single oral dose of azithromycin, at a dosage of 30mg/kg, was non-inferior to a single dose of intramuscular benzathine penicillin for the treatment of early yaws among Ghanaian patients, and provides additional support for the WHO policy for use of oral azithromycin for the eradication of yaws in resource-poor settings. C1 [Kwakye-Maclean, Cynthia] Ghana Hlth Serv, Ga West Municipal Hlth Adm, Amasaman, Ghana. [Agana, Nsiire] Ghana Hlth Serv, Natl Yaws Eradicat Program, Accra, Ghana. [Gyapong, John; Nortey, Priscilia; Binka, Fred] Univ Ghana, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Legon, Ghana. [Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw] Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Kumasi, Ghana. [Aryee, Esther] Korle Bu Teaching Hosp, Natl Publ Hlth Reference Lab, Accra, Ghana. [Asiedu, Kingsley] WHO, Global Yaws Eradicat Programme, Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis, Geneva, Switzerland. [Ballard, Roland] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kwakye-Maclean, C (reprint author), Ghana Hlth Serv, Ga West Municipal Hlth Adm, Amasaman, Ghana. EM ckwakye83@yahoo.com FU Medical Research Council [G1001337] NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 11 IS 1 AR e0005154 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005154 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EK8CR UT WOS:000394152000008 PM 28072863 ER PT J AU Migchelsen, SJ Martin, DL Southisombath, K Turyaguma, P Heggen, A Rubangakene, PP Joof, H Makalo, P Cooley, G Gwyn, S Solomon, AW Holland, MJ Courtright, P Willis, R Alexander, NDE Mabey, DCW Roberts, CH AF Migchelsen, Stephanie J. Martin, Diana L. Southisombath, Khamphoua Turyaguma, Patrick Heggen, Anne Rubangakene, Peter Paul Joof, Hassan Makalo, Pateh Cooley, Gretchen Gwyn, Sarah Solomon, Anthony W. Holland, Martin J. Courtright, Paul Willis, Rebecca Alexander, Neal D. E. Mabey, David C. W. Roberts, Chrissy H. TI Defining Seropositivity Thresholds for Use in Trachoma Elimination Studies SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLASMID PROTEIN PGP3; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DRIED BLOOD SPOTS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; MIXTURE-MODELS; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; ACTIVE TRACHOMA; ROCHE AMPLICOR; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION AB Background Efforts are underway to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem by 2020. Programmatic guidelines are based on clinical signs that correlate poorly with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection in post-treatment and low-endemicity settings. Age-specific seroprevalence of anti Ct Pgp3 antibodies has been proposed as an alternative indicator of the need for intervention. To standardise the use of these tools, it is necessary to develop an analytical approach that performs reproducibly both within and between studies. Methodology Dried blood spots were collected in 2014 from children aged 1-9 years in Laos (n = 952) and Uganda (n = 2700) and from people aged 1-90 years in The Gambia (n = 1868). Anti-Pgp3 antibodies were detected by ELISA. A number of visual and statistical analytical approaches for defining serological status were compared. Principal Findings Seroprevalence was estimated at 11.3% (Laos), 13.4% (Uganda) and 29.3% (The Gambia) by visual inspection of the inflection point. The expectation-maximisation algorithm estimated seroprevalence at 10.4% (Laos), 24.3% (Uganda) and 29.3% (The Gambia). Finite mixture model estimates were 15.6% (Laos), 17.1% (Uganda) and 26.2% (The Gambia). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis using a threshold calibrated against external reference specimens estimated the seroprevalence at 6.7% (Laos), 6.8% (Uganda) and 20.9% (The Gambia) when the threshold was set to optimise Youden's J index. The ROC curve analysis was found to estimate seroprevalence at lower levels than estimates based on thresholds established using internal reference data. Thresholds defined using internal reference threshold methods did not vary substantially between population samples. Conclusions Internally calibrated approaches to threshold specification are reproducible and consistent and thus have advantages over methods that require external calibrators. We propose that future serological analyses in trachoma use a finite mixture model or expectation-maximisation algorithm as a means of setting the threshold for ELISA data. This will facilitate standardisation and harmonisation between studies and eliminate the need to establish and maintain a global calibration standard. C1 [Migchelsen, Stephanie J.; Solomon, Anthony W.; Holland, Martin J.; Mabey, David C. W.; Roberts, Chrissy H.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London, England. [Martin, Diana L.; Cooley, Gretchen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. [Southisombath, Khamphoua] Minist Hlth, Ctr Ophthalmol, Viangchan, Laos. [Turyaguma, Patrick] Ugandan Minist Hlth, Trachoma Control Programme, Kampala, Uganda. [Heggen, Anne] NTD Support Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. [Rubangakene, Peter Paul] RTI Int, ENVIS PROGRAMME, Kampala, Uganda. [Joof, Hassan; Makalo, Pateh] Med Res Council Unit Gambia, Fajara, Gambia. [Gwyn, Sarah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, IHRC Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Solomon, Anthony W.] WHO, Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis, Geneva, Switzerland. [Courtright, Paul] Univ Cape Town, Kilimanjaro Ctr Community Ophthalmol, Cape Town, South Africa. [Willis, Rebecca] Int Trachoma Initiat, Task Force Global Hlth, Decatur, GA USA. [Alexander, Neal D. E.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, MRC Trop Epidemiol Grp, Infect Dis Epidemiol Dept, London, England. RP Migchelsen, SJ (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London, England. EM stephanie.migchelsen@lshtm.ac.uk OI Solomon, Anthony/0000-0001-7101-6649 FU Wellcome Trust [098521/B/12/Z, WT098051, GR079246MA, WT093368MA, 105609/Z/14/Z]; United Kingdom Medical Research Council (MRC); Department for International Development (DFID) [MR/K012126/1]; United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [FHI360, OAA-A-10-00051]; Coalition for Operational Research on the NTDs (COR-NTD); Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; United States Agency for International Development through its Neglected Tropical Diseases-Support Center Program FX The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This work was funded by grants from the Wellcome Trust (https://wellcome.ac.uk/)(098521/B/12/Z, WT098051, GR079246MA and WT093368MA). ChR is funded by the Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund (105609/Z/14/Z). SJM is funded by the Wellcome Trust. NA receives support from the United Kingdom Medical Research Council (MRC) (http://www.mrc.ac.uk/) and Department for International Development (DFID) (https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-internationa l-development) (MR/K012126/1). The fieldwork in Laos was supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (https://www.usaid.gov/) via its END in Asia project, implemented by FHI360 (https://www.fhi360.org/) under cooperative agreement number OAA-A-10-00051. The fieldwork in Uganda was supported by the Coalition for Operational Research on the NTDs (COR-NTD) (http://www.ntdsupport.org/cor-ntd) which is funded at the Task Force for Global Health (http://www.taskforce.org/) by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (http://www.gatesfoundation.org/) and by the United States Agency for International Development through its Neglected Tropical Diseases-Support Center Program. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 11 IS 1 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005230 PG 19 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EK8CR UT WOS:000394152000028 ER PT J AU Wadhwa, A Wilkins, K Gao, JX Condori, REC Gigante, CM Zhao, H Ma, XY Ellison, JA Greenberg, L Velasco-Villa, A Orciari, L Li, Y AF Wadhwa, Ashutosh Wilkins, Kimberly Gao, Jinxin Condori Condori, Rene Edgar Gigante, Crystal M. Zhao, Hui Ma, Xiaoyue Ellison, James A. Greenberg, Lauren Velasco-Villa, Andres Orciari, Lillian Li, Yu TI A Pan-Lyssavirus Taqman Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for the Detection of Highly Variable Rabies virus and Other Lyssaviruses SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; BATS EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; STRATEGY; COLONY AB Rabies, resulting from infection by Rabies virus (RABV) and related lyssaviruses, is one of the most deadly zoonotic diseases and is responsible for up to 70,000 estimated human deaths worldwide each year. Rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis of rabies is essential for timely administration of post-exposure prophylaxis in humans and control of the disease in animals. Currently, only the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test is recommended for routine rabies diagnosis. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic methods have been widely adapted for the diagnosis of other viral pathogens, but there is currently no widely accepted rapid real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of all lyssaviruses. In this study, we demonstrate the validation of a newly developed multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay named LN34, which uses a combination of degenerate primers and probes along with probe modifications to achieve superior coverage of the Lyssavirus genus while maintaining sensitivity and specificity. The primers and probes of the LN34 assay target the highly conserved non-coding leader region and part of the nucleoprotein (N) coding sequence of the Lyssavirus genome to maintain assay robustness. The probes were further modified by locked nucleotides to increase their melting temperature to meet the requirements for an optimal real-time RT-PCR assay. The LN34 assay was able to detect all RABV variants and other lyssaviruses in a validation panel that included representative RABV isolates from most regions of the world as well as representatives of 13 additional Lyssavirus species. The LN34 assay was successfully used for both ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnosis of over 200 clinical samples as well as field derived surveillance samples. This assay represents a major improvement over previously published rabies specific RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR assays because of its ability to universally detect RABV and other lyssaviruses, its high throughput capability and its simplicity of use, which can be quickly adapted in a laboratory to enhance the capacity of rabies molecular diagnostics. The LN34 assay provides an alternative approach for rabies diagnostics, especially in rural areas and rabies endemic regions that lack the conditions and broad experience required to run the standard DFA assay. C1 [Wadhwa, Ashutosh; Wilkins, Kimberly; Gao, Jinxin; Condori Condori, Rene Edgar; Gigante, Crystal M.; Zhao, Hui; Ma, Xiaoyue; Ellison, James A.; Greenberg, Lauren; Velasco-Villa, Andres; Orciari, Lillian; Li, Yu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yuli@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 11 IS 1 AR e0005258 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005258 PG 17 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EK8CR UT WOS:000394152000038 ER PT J AU Foutz, A Appleby, BS Hamlin, C Liu, XQ Yang, S Cohen, Y Chen, W Blevins, J Fausett, C Wang, H Gambetti, P Zhang, SL Hughson, A Tatsuoka, C Schonberger, LB Cohen, ML Caughey, B Safar, JG AF Foutz, Aaron Appleby, Brian S. Hamlin, Clive Liu, Xiaoqin Yang, Sheng Cohen, Yvonne Chen, Wei Blevins, Janis Fausett, Cameron Wang, Han Gambetti, Pierluigi Zhang, Shulin Hughson, Andrew Tatsuoka, Curtis Schonberger, Lawrence B. Cohen, Mark L. Caughey, Byron Safar, Jiri G. TI Diagnostic and prognostic value of human prion detection in cerebrospinal fluid SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; QUAKING-INDUCED CONVERSION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MAMMALIAN PRIONS; MOLECULAR-BASIS; 14-3-3 PROTEIN; AMYLOID-BETA; CSF TESTS; SCRAPIE; CLASSIFICATION AB ObjectiveSeveral prion amplification systems have been proposed for detection of prions in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), most recently, the measurements of prion seeding activity with second-generation real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of the RT-QuIC prion test in the broad phenotypic spectrum of prion diseases. MethodsWe performed CSF RT-QuIC testing in 2,141 patients who had rapidly progressive neurological disorders, determined diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in 272 cases that were autopsied, and evaluated the impact of mutations and polymorphisms in the PRNP gene, and type 1 or type 2 human prions on diagnostic performance. ResultsThe 98.5% diagnostic specificity and 92% sensitivity of CSF RT-QuIC in a blinded retrospective analysis matched the 100% specificity and 95% sensitivity of a blind prospective study. The CSF RT-QuIC differentiated 94% of cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) MM1 from the sCJD MM2 phenotype, and 80% of sCJD VV2 from sCJD VV1. The mixed prion type 1-2 and cases heterozygous for codon 129 generated intermediate CSF RT-QuIC patterns, whereas genetic prion diseases revealed distinct profiles for each PRNP gene mutation. InterpretationThe diagnostic performance of the improved CSF RT-QuIC is superior to surrogate marker tests for prion diseases such as 14-3-3 and tau proteins, and together with PRNP gene sequencing the test allows the major prion subtypes to be differentiated in vivo. This differentiation facilitates prediction of the clinicopathological phenotype and duration of the diseasetwo important considerations for envisioned therapeutic interventions. ANN NEUROL 2017;81:79-92 C1 [Foutz, Aaron; Appleby, Brian S.; Hamlin, Clive; Liu, Xiaoqin; Cohen, Yvonne; Chen, Wei; Blevins, Janis; Gambetti, Pierluigi; Cohen, Mark L.; Safar, Jiri G.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Natl Pr Dis Pathol Surveillance Ctr, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH USA. [Appleby, Brian S.; Hamlin, Clive; Zhang, Shulin; Cohen, Mark L.; Safar, Jiri G.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Appleby, Brian S.; Yang, Sheng; Fausett, Cameron; Wang, Han; Tatsuoka, Curtis; Safar, Jiri G.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Appleby, Brian S.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Hughson, Andrew; Caughey, Byron] NIAID, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, Rocky Mt Labs, NIH, Hamilton, MT USA. [Schonberger, Lawrence B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Safar, JG (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Natl Pr Dis Pathol Surveillance Ctr, 2085 Adlbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM jiri.safar@case.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [UR8/CCU515004]; NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) [NS074317]; Charles S. Britton Fund; Alliance Biosecure Foundation; NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases FX This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (UR8/CCU515004, J.G.S.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (NS074317, J.G.S.), Charles S. Britton Fund (J.G.S.), Alliance Biosecure Foundation (J.G.S., B.C.), and Intramural Research Program of the NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (B.C.). NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0364-5134 EI 1531-8249 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 81 IS 1 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1002/ana.24833 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA EJ9QV UT WOS:000393562300008 PM 27893164 ER PT J AU Rekstin, A Isakova-Sivak, I Petukhova, G Korenkov, D Losev, I Smolonogina, T Tretiak, T Donina, S Shcherbik, S Bousse, T Rudenko, L AF Rekstin, Andrey Isakova-Sivak, Irina Petukhova, Galina Korenkov, Daniil Losev, Igor Smolonogina, Tatiana Tretiak, Tatiana Donina, Svetlana Shcherbik, Svetlana Bousse, Tatiana Rudenko, Larisa TI Immunogenicity and Cross Protection in Mice Afforded by Pandemic H1N1 Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Containing Wild-Type Nucleoprotein SO BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID MASTER DONOR VIRUS; MOUSE MODEL; ADULT VOLUNTEERS; DOUBLE-BLIND; EPITOPES; PREPAREDNESS; REPLICATION; RESPONSES; PROTEINS; EFFICACY AB Since conserved viral proteins of influenza virus, such as nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix 1 protein, are the main targets for virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), we hypothesized that introduction of the NP gene of wild-type virus into the genome of vaccine reassortants could lead to better immunogenicity and afford better protection. This paper describes in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies of two new reassortants of pandemic H1N1 live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) candidates. One had the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from A/South Africa/3626/2013 H1N1 wild-type virus on the A/Leningrad/134/17/57 master donor virus backbone (6 : 2 formulation) while the second had the HA, NA, and NP genes of the wild-type virus on the same backbone (5 : 3 formulation). Although both LAIVs induced similar antibody immune responses, the 5 : 3 LAIV provoked greater production of virus-specific CTLs than the 6 : 2 variant. Furthermore, the 5 : 3 LAIV-induced CTLs had higher in vivo cytotoxic activity, compared to 6 : 2 LAIV. Finally, the 5 : 3 LAIV candidate afforded greater protection against infection and severe illness than the 6 : 2 LAIV. Inclusion in LAIV of the NP gene from wild-type influenza virus is a new approach to inducing cross-reactive cell-mediated immune responses and cross protection against pandemic influenza. C1 [Rekstin, Andrey; Isakova-Sivak, Irina; Petukhova, Galina; Korenkov, Daniil; Losev, Igor; Smolonogina, Tatiana; Tretiak, Tatiana; Donina, Svetlana; Rudenko, Larisa] Inst Expt Med, St Petersburg, Russia. [Shcherbik, Svetlana; Bousse, Tatiana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rekstin, A (reprint author), Inst Expt Med, St Petersburg, Russia. EM arekstin@yandex.ru FU Russian Scientific Foundation [14-15-00034]; World Health Organization FX This study was supported by Russian Scientific Foundation Grant no. 14-15-00034. Writing assistance in the preparation of this manuscript, in the form of editing by Pat Butler, was funded by the World Health Organization. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HINDAWI LTD PI LONDON PA ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FLR, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON, WIT 5HE, ENGLAND SN 2314-6133 EI 2314-6141 J9 BIOMED RES INT JI Biomed Res. Int. PY 2017 AR 9359276 DI 10.1155/2017/9359276 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EK6ID UT WOS:000394027400001 ER PT J AU Chatham-Stephens, K Taylor, E Chang, A Peterson, A Daniel, J Martin, C Deuster, P Noe, R Kieszak, S Schier, J Klontz, K Lewis, L AF Chatham-Stephens, Kevin Taylor, Ethel Chang, Arthur Peterson, Amy Daniel, Johnni Martin, Colleen Deuster, Patricia Noe, Rebecca Kieszak, Stephanie Schier, Josh Klontz, Karl Lewis, Lauren TI Hepatotoxicity associated with weight loss or sports dietary supplements, including OxyELITE Pro (TM) - United States, 2013 SO DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Supplement; hepatitis; OxyELITE Pro ID INDUCED LIVER-INJURY; US ADULT-POPULATION; OUTBREAK; FAILURE; HERB; PRO AB In September 2013, the Hawaii Department of Health (HDOH) was notified of seven adults who developed acute hepatitis after taking OxyELITE Pro, a weight loss and sports dietary supplement. CDC assisted HDOH with their investigation, then conducted case-finding outside of Hawaii with FDA and the Department of Defense (DoD). We defined cases as acute hepatitis of unknown etiology that occurred from April 1, 2013, through December 5, 2013, following exposure to a weight loss or muscle-building dietary supplement, such as OxyELITE Pro. We conducted case-finding through multiple sources, including data from poison centers (National Poison Data System [NPDS]) and FDA MedWatch. We identified 40 case-patients in 23 states and two military bases with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology and exposure to a weight loss or muscle building dietary supplement. Of 35 case-patients who reported their race, 15 (42.9%) reported white and 9 (25.7%) reported Asian. Commonly reported symptoms included jaundice, fatigue, and dark urine. Twenty-five (62.5%) case-patients reported taking OxyELITE Pro. Of these 25 patients, 17 of 22 (77.3%) with available data were hospitalized and 1 received a liver transplant. NPDS and FDA MedWatch each captured seven (17.5%) case-patients. Improving the ability to search surveillance systems like NPDS and FDA MedWatch for individual and grouped dietary supplements, as well as coordinating case-finding with DoD, may benefit ongoing surveillance efforts and future outbreak responses involving adverse health effects from dietary supplements. This investigation highlights opportunities and challenges in using multiple sources to identify cases of suspected supplement associated adverse events. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Chatham-Stephens, Kevin] 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Chatham-Stephens, Kevin; Taylor, Ethel; Chang, Arthur; Daniel, Johnni; Martin, Colleen; Noe, Rebecca; Kieszak, Stephanie; Schier, Josh; Lewis, Lauren] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. [Peterson, Amy] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Div Integrated Biosurveillance, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Deuster, Patricia] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD USA. [Klontz, Karl] US FDA, Off Analyt & Outreach, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Chatham-Stephens, K (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM xdc4@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1942-7603 EI 1942-7611 J9 DRUG TEST ANAL JI Drug Test. Anal. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1002/dta.2036 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA EK4BV UT WOS:000393873000006 PM 27367536 ER PT J AU Metzler, M Merrick, MT Klevens, J Ports, KA Ford, DC AF Metzler, Marilyn Merrick, Melissa T. Klevens, Joanne Ports, Katie A. Ford, Derek C. TI Adverse childhood experiences and life opportunities: Shifting the narrative SO CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Adverse Childhood Experiences; early adversity; child abuse and neglect; life potential; intergenerational poverty ID UNITED-STATES; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; INTERGENERATIONAL CONTINUITY; NURTURING RELATIONSHIPS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; HEALTH DISPARITIES; PHYSICAL ABUSE; RISK; MALTREATMENT; INCOME AB Substantial research shows that early adversity, including child abuse and neglect, is associated with diminished health across the life course and across generations. Less well understood is the relationship between early adversity and adult socioeconomic status, including education, employment, and income. Collectively, these outcomes provide an indication of overall life opportunity. We analyzed data from 10 states and the District of Columbia that used the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) module in the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine the association between ACEs and adult education, employment, and income. Compared to participants with no ACEs, those with higher ACE scores were more likely to report high school non-completion, unemployment, and living in a household below the federal poverty level. This evidence suggests that preventing early adversity may impact health and life opportunities that reverberate across generations. Current efforts to prevent early adversity might be more successful if they broaden public and professional understanding (i.e., the narrative) of the links between early adversity and poverty. We discuss our findings within the context of structural policies and processes that may further contribute to the intergenerational continuity of child abuse and neglect and poverty. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Metzler, Marilyn; Merrick, Melissa T.; Klevens, Joanne; Ports, Katie A.; Ford, Derek C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Metzler, Marilyn] Karna LLC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Metzler, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Karna LLC, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MMetzler@cdc.gov NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0190-7409 EI 1873-7765 J9 CHILD YOUTH SERV REV JI Child. Youth Serv. Rev. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 72 SI SI BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.10.021 PG 9 WC Family Studies; Social Work SC Family Studies; Social Work GA EJ5GC UT WOS:000393244800016 ER PT J AU Iorio, A Stonebraker, JS Brooker, M Soucie, JM AF Iorio, A. Stonebraker, J. S. Brooker, M. Soucie, J. M. CA Data Demographics Comm World TI Measuring the quality of haemophilia care across different settings: a set of performance indicators derived from demographics data SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE haemophilia; health care; incidence; prevalence ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; COMPREHENSIVE CARE; WORLD; MANAGEMENT; MODELS; PREVALENCE AB Background: Haemophilia is a rare disease for which quality of care varies around the world. We propose data-driven indicators as surrogate measures for the provision of haemophilia care across countries and over time. Materials and methods: The guiding criteria for selection of possible indicators were ease of calculation and direct applicability to a wide range of countries with basic data collection capacities. General population epidemiological data and haemophilia A population data from the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) Annual Global Survey (AGS) for the years 2013 and 2010 in a sample of 10 countries were used for this pilot exercise. Results: Three indicators were identified: (i) the percentage difference between the observed and the expected haemophilia A incidence, which would be close to null when all of the people with haemophilia A (PWHA) theoretically expected in a country would be known and reported to the AGS; (ii) the percentage of the total number of PWHA with severe disease; and (iii) the ratio of adults to children among PWHA standardized to the ratio of adults to children for males in the general population, which would be close to one if the survival of PWHA is equal to that of the general population. Country-specific values have been calculated for the 10 countries. Conclusions: We have identified and evaluated three promising indicators of quality of care in haemophilia. Further evaluation on a wider set of data from the AGS will be needed to confirm their value and further explore their measurement properties. C1 [Iorio, A.] McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Iorio, A.] McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Stonebraker, J. S.] North Carolina State Univ, Poole Coll Management, Raleigh, NC USA. [Brooker, M.] World Federat Hemophilia, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Soucie, J. M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Iorio, A (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat & Med, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. EM iorioa@mcmaster.ca OI Iorio, Alfonso/0000-0002-3331-8766 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1351-8216 EI 1365-2516 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP E1 EP E7 DI 10.1111/hae.13127 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA EJ9PH UT WOS:000393557900019 PM 27928881 ER PT J AU Weger-Lucarelli, J Duggal, NK Bullard-Feibelman, K Veselinovic, M Romo, H Nguyen, C Ruckert, C Brault, AC Bowen, RA Stenglein, M Geiss, BJ Ebel, GD AF Weger-Lucarelli, James Duggal, Nisha K. Bullard-Feibelman, Kristen Veselinovic, Milena Romo, Hannah Chilinh Nguyen Ruckert, Claudia Brault, Aaron C. Bowen, Richard A. Stenglein, Mark Geiss, Brian J. Ebel, Gregory D. TI Development and Characterization of Recombinant Virus Generated from a New World Zika Virus Infectious Clone SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flavivirus; Zika virus; infectious clones ID UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; PREGNANCY; WOMEN; MICE AB Zika virus (ZIKV; family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) is a rapidly expanding global pathogen that has been associated with severe clinical manifestations, including devastating neurological disease in infants. There are currently no molecular clones of a New World ZIKV available that lack significant attenuation, hindering progress toward understanding determinants of transmission and pathogenesis. Here we report the development and characterization of a novel ZIKV reverse genetics system based on a 2015 isolate from Puerto Rico (PRVABC59). We generated a two-plasmid infectious clone system from which infectious virus was rescued that replicates in human and mosquito cells with growth kinetics representative of wildtype ZIKV. Infectious clone-derived virus initiated infection and transmission rates in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes comparable to those of the primary isolate and displayed similar pathogenesis in AG129 mice. This infectious clone system provides a valuable resource to the research community to explore ZIKV molecular biology, vaccine development, antiviral development, diagnostics, vector competence, and disease pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE ZIKV is a rapidly spreading mosquito-borne pathogen that has been linked to Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and congenital microcephaly in developing fetuses and infants. ZIKV can also be sexually transmitted. The viral molecular determinants of any of these phenotypes are not well understood. There is no reverse genetics system available for the current epidemic virus that will allow researchers to study ZIKV immunity, develop novel vaccines, or develop antiviral drugs. Here we provide a novel infectious clone system generated from a recent ZIKV isolated from a patient infected in Puerto Rico. This infectious clone produces virus with in vitro and in vivo characteristics similar to those of the primary isolate, providing a critical tool to study ZIKV infection and disease. C1 [Weger-Lucarelli, James; Bullard-Feibelman, Kristen; Veselinovic, Milena; Romo, Hannah; Chilinh Nguyen; Ruckert, Claudia; Bowen, Richard A.; Stenglein, Mark; Geiss, Brian J.; Ebel, Gregory D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Geiss, Brian J.] Colorado State Univ, Sch Biomed Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Duggal, Nisha K.; Romo, Hannah; Brault, Aaron C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Geiss, BJ; Ebel, GD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Geiss, BJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Sch Biomed Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM brian.geiss@colostate.edu; gregory.ebel@colostate.edu FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH [AI114675, AI067380] FX This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, under grants AI114675 (B.J.G.) and AI067380(G.D.E.). NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 91 IS 1 AR UNSP e01765-16 DI 10.1128/JVI.01765-16 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA EJ4LR UT WOS:000393189200028 ER PT J AU Armstead, TL Rambo, K Kearns, M Jones, KM Dills, J Brown, P AF Armstead, Theresa L. Rambo, Kirsten Kearns, Megan Jones, Kathryn M. Dills, Jenny Brown, Pamela TI CDC's DELTA FOCUS Program: Identifying Promising Primary Prevention Strategies for Intimate Partner Violence SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article DE intimate partner violence; health disparities; social determinants of health; health equity AB According to 2011 data, nearly one in four women and one in seven men in the United States experience severe physical violence by an intimate partner, creating a public health burden requiring population-level solutions. To prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) before it occurs, the CDC developed Domestic Violence Prevention Enhancements and Leadership Through Alliances, Focusing on Outcomes for Communities United with States to identify promising community-and societal-level prevention strategies to prevent IPV. The program funds 10 state domestic violence coalitions for 5 years to implement and evaluate programs and policies to prevent IPV by influencing the environments and conditions in which people live, work, and play. The program evaluation goals are to promote IPV prevention by identifying promising prevention strategies and describing those strategies using case studies, thereby creating a foundation for building practice-based evidence with a health equity approach. C1 [Armstead, Theresa L.; Rambo, Kirsten; Kearns, Megan; Jones, Kathryn M.; Dills, Jenny; Brown, Pamela] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee Campus,4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Armstead, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee Campus,4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tarmstead@cdc.gov FU CDC [CE13-1302] FX DELTA FOCUS is supported by the CDC Cooperative Agreement CE13-1302. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 EI 1931-843X J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JAN PY 2017 VL 26 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1089/jwh.2016.6251 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA EJ0FP UT WOS:000392884300004 PM 28099073 ER PT J AU Zhang, DL Wang, GJ Fang, J Mercado, C AF Zhang, Donglan Wang, Guijing Fang, Jing Mercado, Carla TI Hyperlipidemia and Medical Expenditures by Cardiovascular Disease Status in US Adults SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE lipid disorders; heart disease; economic costs ID HEALTH-CARE COSTS; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; RISK REDUCTION; HEART-DISEASE; PANEL SURVEY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; CORONARY; HYPERTENSION; PREVALENCE; DISPARITIES AB Background: Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), affecting 73.5 million American adults. Information about health care expenditures associated with hyper-lipidemia by CVD status is needed to evaluate the economic benefit of primary and secondary prevention programs for CVD. Methods: The study sample includes 48,050 men and nonpregnant women >= 18 from 2010 to 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. A 2-part econometric model was used to estimate annual hyperlipidemia-associated medical expenditures by CVD status. The estimation results from the 2-part model were used to calculate per-capita and national medical expenditures associated with hyperlipidemia. We adjusted the medical expenditures into 2012 dollars. Results: Among those with CVD, per person hyperlipidemia-associated expenditures were $1105 [95% confidence interval (CI), $877-$1661] per year, leading to an annual national expenditure of $15.47 billion (95% CI, $5.23-$27.75 billion). Among people without CVD, per person hyperlipidemia-associated expenditures were $ 856 (95% CI, $596-$1211) per year, resulting in an annual national expenditure of $23.11 billion (95% CI, $16.09-$32.71 billion). Hyperlipidemia-associated expenditures were attributable mostly to the costs of prescription medication (59%-90%). Among people without CVD, medication expenditures associated with hyperlipidemia were $13.72 billion (95% CI, $10.55-$15.74 billion), higher in men than in women. Conclusions: Hyperlipidemia significantly increased medical expenditures and the increase was higher in people with CVD than without. The information on estimated expenditures could be used to evaluate and develop effective programs for CVD prevention. C1 [Zhang, Donglan; Wang, Guijing; Fang, Jing; Mercado, Carla] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-75, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wang, GJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-75, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gbw9@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0025-7079 EI 1537-1948 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 4 EP 11 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ0RO UT WOS:000392918200003 PM 27787352 ER PT J AU Butler, AD Carlson, ML Nelson, CA AF Butler, Amber D. Carlson, Meredith L. Nelson, Christina A. TI Use of a tick-borne disease manual increases accuracy of tick identification among primary care providers in Lyme disease endemic areas SO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Lyme disease; Tick-borne disease; Tick identification ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; SPIROCHETE; IXODIDAE; REMOVAL AB Given the high incidence of tick bites and tick-borne diseases in the United States, it is important for primary care providers to recognize common ticks and the pathogens they may transmit. If a patient has removed and saved an attached tick, identifying the tick helps guide clinical management and determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis for Lyme disease is appropriate. To investigate providers' ability to recognize common ticks and the pathogens they may transmit, we asked 76 primary care providers from Lyme disease endemic areas to identify the common name or genus of preserved ticks found in their area. At baseline, 10.5%, 46.1%, and 57.9% of participants correctly identified an adult female blacklegged tick (engorged), dog tick, and lone star tick, respectively. Less than half of participants identified the three pathogens most frequently transmitted by blacklegged ticks. Use of a reference manual with tick photographs and drawings substantially improved identification of ticks and associated pathogens and therefore should be encouraged in clinical practice. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Butler, Amber D.] Danbury Hosp, Dept Res & Innovat, 24 Hosp Ave, Danbury, CT 06810 USA. [Carlson, Meredith L.] Drexel Univ, Phys Assistant Dept, 1601 Cherry St, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. [Nelson, Christina A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, 3156 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Butler, AD (reprint author), Danbury Hosp, Dept Res & Innovat, 24 Hosp Ave, Danbury, CT 06810 USA. EM amber.butler@wchn.org; mcarlson318@gmail.com; wje1@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1877-959X EI 1877-9603 J9 TICKS TICK-BORNE DIS JI Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. PY 2017 VL 8 IS 2 BP 262 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.11.010 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology GA EJ5KK UT WOS:000393256700010 PM 27916581 ER PT J AU Peck, MW Smith, TJ Anniballi, F Austin, JW Bano, L Bradshaw, M Cuervo, P Cheng, LW Derman, Y Dorner, BG Fisher, A Hill, KK Kalb, SR Korkeala, H Lindstrom, M Lista, F Luquez, C Mazuet, C Pirazzini, M Popoff, MR Rossetto, O Rummel, A Sesardic, D Singh, BR Stringer, SC AF Peck, Michael W. Smith, Theresa J. Anniballi, Fabrizio Austin, John W. Bano, Luca Bradshaw, Marite Cuervo, Paula Cheng, Luisa W. Derman, Yagmur Dorner, Brigitte G. Fisher, Audrey Hill, Karen K. Kalb, Suzanne R. Korkeala, Hannu Lindstrom, Miia Lista, Florigio Luquez, Carolina Mazuet, Christelle Pirazzini, Marco Popoff, Michel R. Rossetto, Ornella Rummel, Andreas Sesardic, Dorothea Singh, Bal Ram Stringer, Sandra C. TI Historical Perspectives and Guidelines for Botulinum Neurotoxin Subtype Nomenclature SO TOXINS LA English DT Review DE botulinum; botulism; neurotoxins; subtypes; Clostridium botulinum; guidelines; nomenclature ID NONPROTEOLYTIC CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; ANTIBODY-BASED IMMUNOASSAY; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; INFANT BOTULISM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; B NEUROTOXIN; GROUP-I; GENETIC DIVERSITY AB Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin variants are being identified with increasing frequency, which presents challenges when organizing the nomenclature surrounding these neurotoxins. Worldwide, researchers are faced with the possibility that toxins having identical sequences may be given different designations or novel toxins having unique sequences may be given the same designations on publication. In order to minimize these problems, an ad hoc committee consisting of over 20 researchers in the field of botulinum neurotoxin research was convened to discuss the clarification of the issues involved in botulinum neurotoxin nomenclature. This publication presents a historical overview of the issues and provides guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin subtype nomenclature in the future. C1 [Peck, Michael W.; Stringer, Sandra C.] Inst Food Res, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. [Smith, Theresa J.] United States Army Med Inst Infect Dis, Mol & Translat Sci Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Anniballi, Fabrizio] Ist Super Sanita, Natl Reference Ctr Botulism, I-29900161 Rome, Italy. [Austin, John W.] Hlth Canada, Bur Microbial Hazards, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Bano, Luca] Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Venezie, I-31020 Treviso, Italy. [Bradshaw, Marite] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cuervo, Paula] Univ Nacl Cuyo, Dept Patol, Area Microbiol, RA-450001 Mendoza, Argentina. [Cheng, Luisa W.] USDA, Foodborne Toxin Detect & Prevent Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Derman, Yagmur; Korkeala, Hannu; Lindstrom, Miia] Univ Helsinki, Dept Food Hyg & Environm Hlth, Fac Vet Med, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Dorner, Brigitte G.] Robert Koch Inst, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Fisher, Audrey] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hill, Karen K.] Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kalb, Suzanne R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Lista, Florigio] Army Med & Vet Res Ctr, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Luquez, Carolina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Mazuet, Christelle; Popoff, Michel R.] Inst Pasteur, Bacteries Anaerobies & Toxines, F-75015 Paris, France. [Pirazzini, Marco; Rossetto, Ornella] Univ Padua, Dept Biomed Sci, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Rummel, Andreas] Hannover Med Sch, Inst Toxikol, D-30623 Hannover, Germany. [Sesardic, Dorothea] Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. [Singh, Bal Ram] Botulinum Res Ctr, Inst Adv Sci, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Peck, MW (reprint author), Inst Food Res, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. EM Mike.Peck@ifr.ac.uk; theresa.j.smith.ctr@mail.mil; fabrizio.anniballi@iss.it; john.austin@hc-sc.gc.ca; lbano@izsvenezie.it; mbradsha@wisc.edu; paulacuervo84@gmail.com; luisa.cheng@ars.usda.gov; yagmur.derman@helsinki.fi; dornerb@rki.de; audrey.fischer@jhuapl.edu; khill@lanl.gov; skalb@cdc.gov; hannu.korkeala@helsinki.fi; miia.lindstrom@helsinki.fi; romano.lista@gmail.com; cluquez@cdc.gov; christelle.mazuet@pasteur.fr; marcopiraz@gmail.com; mpopoff@pasteur.fr; ornella.rossetto@unipd.it; Rummel.Andreas@mh-hannover.de; thea.sesardic@nibsc.org; bsingh@inads.org; Sandra.Stringer@ifr.ac.uk OI Austin, John/0000-0001-8824-0495 FU BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme on Gut Health and Food Safety [BB/J004529/1] FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the U.S. Department of Defense. We gratefully acknowledge William Discher, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (in generating the figures for this publication), Sabine Pellett and Christine Rasetti-Escargueil. MWP and SCS are grateful for support from the BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme on Gut Health and Food Safety [grant number BB/J004529/1]. NR 113 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD JAN PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 AR 38 DI 10.3390/toxins9010038 PG 21 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA EJ1OL UT WOS:000392980000037 ER PT J AU Semenova, VA Steward-Clark, E Maniatis, P Epperson, M Sabnis, A Schiffer, J AF Semenova, Vera A. Steward-Clark, Evelene Maniatis, Panagiotis Epperson, Monica Sabnis, Amit Schiffer, Jarad TI Validation of high throughput screening of human sera for detection of anti-PA IgG by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) as an emergency response to an anthrax incident SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article DE Emergency response; Anthrax; Screening; Human sera; Validation ID PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; WASHINGTON; SAFETY; DC AB To improve surge testing capability for a response to a release of Bacillus anthracis, the CDC anti Protective Antigen (PA) IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was re-designed into a high throughput screening format. The following assay performance parameters were evaluated: goodness of fit (measured as the mean reference standard r(2)), accuracy (measured as percent error), precision (measured as coefficient of variance (CV)), lower limit of detection (LLOD), lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), dilutional linearity, diagnostic sensitivity (DSN) and diagnostic specificity (DSP). The paired sets of data for each sample were evaluated by Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) analysis. The goodness of fit was 0.999; percent error between the expected and observed concentration for each sample ranged from -4.6% to 14.4%. The coefficient of variance ranged from 9.0% to 21.2%. The assay LLOQ was 2.6 mu g/mL. The regression analysis results for dilutional linearity data were r(2) = 0.952, slope = 1.02 and intercept = -0.03. CCC between assays was 0.974 for the median concentration of serum samples. The accuracy and precision components of CCC were 0.997 and 0.977, respectively. This high throughput screening assay is precise, accurate, sensitive and specific. Anti-PA IgG concentrations determined using two different assays proved high levels of agreement. The method will improve surge testing capability 18-fold from 4 to 72 sera per assay plate. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Alliance for Biological Standardization. C1 [Semenova, Vera A.; Steward-Clark, Evelene; Maniatis, Panagiotis; Epperson, Monica; Sabnis, Amit; Schiffer, Jarad] CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Semenova, VA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis,Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mail Stop D-01,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM vsemenova@cdc.gov FU CDC's Office of Public Health Preparedness and Emergency Response FX This research was performed in the Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention within the Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. It was funded by CDC's Office of Public Health Preparedness and Emergency Response. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 EI 1095-8320 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD JAN PY 2017 VL 45 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.09.012 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA EI8TW UT WOS:000392782000010 PM 27814939 ER PT J AU England, LJ Aagaard, K Bloch, M Conway, K Cosgrove, K Grana, R Gould, TJ Hatsukami, D Jensen, F Kandel, D Lanphear, B Leslie, F Pauly, JR Neiderhiser, J Rubinstein, M Slotkin, TA Spindel, E Stroud, L Wakschlag, L AF England, Lucinda J. Aagaard, Kjersti Bloch, Michele Conway, Kevin Cosgrove, Kelly Grana, Rachel Gould, Thomas J. Hatsukami, Dorothy Jensen, Frances Kandel, Denise Lanphear, Bruce Leslie, Frances Pauly, James R. Neiderhiser, Jenae Rubinstein, Mark Slotkin, Theodore A. Spindel, Eliot Stroud, Laura Wakschlag, Lauren TI Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Nicotine; Electronic nicotine delivery systems; Priority/special populations ID MATERNAL CIGARETTE-SMOKING; INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; ALASKA NATIVE WOMEN; RAT-BRAIN REGIONS AB While the health risks associated with adult cigarette smoking have been well described, effects of nicotine exposure during periods of developmental vulnerability are often overlooked. Using MEDLINE and PubMed literature searches, books, reports and expert opinion, a transdisciplinary group of scientists reviewed human and animal research on the health effects of exposure to nicotine during pregnancy and adolescence. A synthesis of this research supports that nicotine contributes critically to adverse effects of gestational tobacco exposure, including reduced pulmonary function, auditory processing defects, impaired infant cardiorespiratory function, and may contribute to cognitive and behavioral deficits in later life. Nicotine exposure during adolescence is associated with deficits in working memory, attention, and auditory processing, as well as increased impulsivity and anxiety. Finally, recent animal studies suggest that nicotine has a priming effect that increases addiction liability for other drugs. The evidence that nicotine adversely affects fetal and adolescent development is sufficient to warrant public health measures to protect pregnant women, children, and adolescents from nicotine exposure. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [England, Lucinda J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Aagaard, Kjersti] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Bloch, Michele; Grana, Rachel] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Conway, Kevin] NIDA, Div Epidemiol Serv & Prevent Res, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Cosgrove, Kelly] Yale Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT USA. [Gould, Thomas J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biobehav Hlth, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hatsukami, Dorothy] Univ Minnesota Minneapolis, Masonic Canc Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Jensen, Frances] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kandel, Denise] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York State Psychiat Inst, New York, NY USA. [Kandel, Denise] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York State Psychiat Inst, New York, NY USA. [Lanphear, Bruce] Simon Frasier Univ, Burnaby, BC, Canada. [Leslie, Frances] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Pauly, James R.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, Lexington, KY USA. [Neiderhiser, Jenae] Penn State Univ, Dept Psychol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rubinstein, Mark] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA USA. [Slotkin, Theodore A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC USA. [Spindel, Eliot] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Neurosci, Oregon Natl Primate Res Ctr, Beaverton, OR USA. [Stroud, Laura] Brown Univ, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Wakschlag, Lauren] Northwestern Univ, Dept Med Social Sci, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP England, LJ (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lbe9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health FX All authors participated in an expert meeting, Developmental Effects of Nicotine and Implications for Emerging Tobacco Products, sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. They are listed alphabetically. NR 323 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7634 EI 1873-7528 J9 NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R JI Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 72 BP 176 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.013 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA EI8WW UT WOS:000392789900013 PM 27890689 ER PT J AU Coleman, R Lemire, SW Bragg, W Garrett, A Ojeda-Torres, G Hamelin, E Johnson, RC Thomas, J AF Coleman, Rebecca Lemire, Sharon W. Bragg, William Garrett, Alaine Ojeda-Torres, Geovannie Hamelin, Elizabeth Johnson, Rudolph C. Thomas, Jerry TI Development and validation of a high-throughput online solid phase extraction - Liquid chromatography - Tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of tetrodotoxin in human urine (vol 119, pg 64, 2016) SO TOXICON LA English DT Correction C1 [Coleman, Rebecca; Lemire, Sharon W.; Bragg, William; Garrett, Alaine; Ojeda-Torres, Geovannie; Hamelin, Elizabeth; Johnson, Rudolph C.; Thomas, Jerry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Biodef Anal & Countermeasures Ctr, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Hamelin, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Biodef Anal & Countermeasures Ctr, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM eph3@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JAN PY 2017 VL 125 BP 120 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.10.015 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA EJ0JY UT WOS:000392895800017 PM 27951505 ER PT J AU Vallabhaneni, S Kallen, A Tsay, S Chow, N Welsh, R Kerins, J Kemble, SK Pacilli, M Black, SR Landon, E Ridgway, J Palmore, TN Zelzany, A Adams, EH Quinn, M Chaturvedi, S Greenko, J Fernandez, R Southwick, K Furuya, EY Calfee, DP Hamula, C Patel, G Barrett, P Lafaro, P Berkow, EL Moulton-Meissner, H Noble-Wang, J Fagan, RP Jackson, BR Lockhart, SR Litvintseva, AP Chiller, TM AF Vallabhaneni, S. Kallen, A. Tsay, S. Chow, N. Welsh, R. Kerins, J. Kemble, S. K. Pacilli, M. Black, S. R. Landon, E. Ridgway, J. Palmore, T. N. Zelzany, A. Adams, E. H. Quinn, M. Chaturvedi, S. Greenko, J. Fernandez, R. Southwick, K. Furuya, E. Y. Calfee, D. P. Hamula, C. Patel, G. Barrett, P. Lafaro, P. Berkow, E. L. Moulton-Meissner, H. Noble-Wang, J. Fagan, R. P. Jackson, B. R. Lockhart, S. R. Litvintseva, A. P. Chiller, T. M. TI Investigation of the First Seven Reported Cases of Candida auris, a Globally Emerging Invasive, Multidrug-Resistant FungusUnited States, May 2013-August 2016 (Reprinted from vol 65, pg 1234-1237, 2016) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Reprint AB November 11, 2016/65(44);1234-1237. What is already known about this topic?Candida auris is an emerging pathogenic fungus that has been reported from at least a dozen countries on four continents during 2009-2015. The organism is difficult to identify using traditional biochemical methods, some isolates have been found to be resistant to all three major classes of antifungal medications, and C. auris has caused health care-associated outbreaks. What is added by this report? This is the first description of C. auris cases in the United States. C. auris appears to have emerged in the United States only in the last few years, and U.S. isolates are related to isolates from South America and South Asia. Evidence from U.S. case investigations suggests likely transmission of the organism occurred in health care settings. What are the implications for public health practice? It is important that U.S. laboratories accurately identify C. auris and for health care facilities to implement recommended infection control practices to prevent the spread of C. auris. Local and state health departments and CDC should be notified of possible cases of C. auris and of isolates of C. haemulonii and Candida spp. that cannot be identified after routine testing. This report details the first U.S. cases of a new fungal infection seen primarily in immunocompromised hosts, including stem cell transplant recipients. C1 [Vallabhaneni, S.; Tsay, S.; Chow, N.; Welsh, R.; Berkow, E. L.; Jackson, B. R.; Lockhart, S. R.; Litvintseva, A. P.; Chiller, T. M.] CDC, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Food Water & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kallen, A.; Moulton-Meissner, H.; Noble-Wang, J.; Fagan, R. P.] CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tsay, S.; Kerins, J.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kerins, J.; Kemble, S. K.; Pacilli, M.; Black, S. R.] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Landon, E.; Ridgway, J.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Palmore, T. N.; Zelzany, A.] NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Adams, E. H.; Quinn, M.; Chaturvedi, S.; Greenko, J.; Fernandez, R.; Southwick, K.] New York State Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Furuya, E. Y.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Calfee, D. P.] Weill Cornell Med, New York, NY USA. [Hamula, C.; Patel, G.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Mt Sinai Hlth Syst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Barrett, P.] New Jersey Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ USA. [Lafaro, P.] Robert Wood Johnson Univ Hosp, New Brunswick, NJ USA. EM svallabhaneni@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-6135 EI 1600-6143 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 BP 296 EP 299 DI 10.1111/ajt.14121 PG 4 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA EI5BK UT WOS:000392508200036 PM 28029734 ER PT J AU Allori, AC Cragan, JD Della Porta, GC Mulliken, JB Meara, JG Bruun, R Shusterman, S Cassell, CH Raynor, E Santiago, P Marcus, JR AF Allori, Alexander C. Cragan, Janet D. Della Porta, Gina C. Mulliken, John B. Meara, John G. Bruun, Richard Shusterman, Stephen Cassell, Cynthia H. Raynor, Eileen Santiago, Pedro Marcus, Jeffrey R. TI Clinician's Primer to ICD-10-CM Coding for Cleft Lip/Palate Care SO CLEFT PALATE-CRANIOFACIAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE classification; cleft lip; cleft palate; coding; ICD-10-CM ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; SNOMED CT; CLASSIFICATION AB On October 1, 2015, the United States required use of the Clinical Modification of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10-CM) for diagnostic coding. This primer was written to assist the cleft care community with understanding and use of ICD-10-CM for diagnostic coding related to cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). C1 [Allori, Alexander C.; Santiago, Pedro; Marcus, Jeffrey R.] Duke Univ Hosp, Surg, Div Plast Maxillofacial & Oral Surg, Durham, NC USA. [Allori, Alexander C.; Raynor, Eileen; Santiago, Pedro; Marcus, Jeffrey R.] Childrens Hlth Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Della Porta, Gina C.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Off Res Dev, Durham, NC USA. [Mulliken, John B.; Meara, John G.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston Childrens Hosp, Surg, Dept Plast & Oral Surg, Boston, MA USA. [Cragan, Janet D.; Cassell, Cynthia H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, NCBDDD, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bruun, Richard] Harvard Dent Sch, Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Dent, Dent, Boston, MA USA. [Raynor, Eileen] Duke Univ Hosp, Div Otolaryngol, Surg, Durham, NC USA. EM alexander@allorimd.info OI Allori, Alexander/0000-0003-3334-9877 FU Plastic Surgery Foundation Pilot Research Grant (''Development of Cleft Lip and Palate Outcome Measures'') [273938]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); National Center on Health Statistics (NCHS); National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD) FX We are grateful for the generous support of the Plastic Surgery Foundation 2013 Pilot Research Grant #273938 (''Development of Cleft Lip and Palate Outcome Measures''). Permission for publication has been received from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) after review by the National Center on Health Statistics (NCHS) and National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD). NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1545-1569 EI 1055-6656 J9 CLEFT PALATE-CRAN J JI Cleft Palate-Craniofac. J. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 54 IS 1 BP E7 EP E13 DI 10.1597/15-219 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Surgery SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Surgery GA EI6HH UT WOS:000392595600002 PM 26523325 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Haddad, L Tang, J Chinula, L Hurst, S Wiener, J Ellington, S Nelson, JAE Corbett, A De Paris, K King, CC Hosseinipour, M Hoffman, IF Jamieson, DJ AF Kourtis, Athena P. Haddad, Lisa Tang, Jennifer Chinula, Lameck Hurst, Stacey Wiener, Jeffrey Ellington, Sascha Nelson, Julie A. E. Corbett, Amanda De Paris, Kristina King, Caroline C. Hosseinipour, Mina Hoffman, Irving F. Jamieson, Denise J. TI A randomized clinical trial on the effects of progestin contraception in the genital tract of HIV-infected and uninfected women in Lilongwe, Malawi: Addressing evolving research priorities SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article ID DEPOT MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; PLASMA VIRAL LOAD; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS AB Hormonal contraception is central in the prevention of unintended pregnancy; however there are concerns that certain methods may increase the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission. Hormonal contraceptives may modify the genital mucosa in several ways, however the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Few studies have examined genital HIV shedding prospectively before and after initiation of hormonal contraception. The effects of hormonal contraception on genital HIV shedding in the setting Of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are also unknown. We designed a pilot clinical trial in which HIV-infected and uninfected women were randomized to either depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injectable or levonorgestrel (LNG) implant in Lilongwe, Malawi. The objectives were to: 1) assess the effect and compare the impact of type of progestin contraception (injectable versus implant) on HIV genital shedding among HIV-infected women, 2) assess the effect and compare the impact of type of progestin contraception on inflammatory/immune markers in the genital tract of both HIV-infected and uninfected women, and 3) assess the interaction of progestin contraception and ART by examining contraceptive efficacy and ART efficacy. An additional study aim was to determine the feasibility and need for a larger study of determinants of HIV transmissibility and acquisition. As injectable contraception is widely used in many parts of the world with high HIV prevalence, this study will provide important information in determining the need for and feasibility of a larger study to address these questions that can impact the lives of millions of women living with or at risk for HIV. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kourtis, Athena P.; Haddad, Lisa; Hurst, Stacey; Wiener, Jeffrey; Ellington, Sascha; King, Caroline C.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tang, Jennifer; Chinula, Lameck; Hosseinipour, Mina] Univ North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Nelson, Julie A. E.; Corbett, Amanda; De Paris, Kristina; Hoffman, Irving F.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov OI Tang, Jennifer/0000-0003-4238-2791 FU FIC NIH HHS [K01 TW009657]; NICHD NIH HHS [K23 HD078153] NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 EI 1559-2030 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD JAN PY 2017 VL 52 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2016.11.006 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA EI5VZ UT WOS:000392565700004 PM 27836505 ER PT J AU Kim, M Budd, N Batorsky, B Krubiner, C Manchikanti, S Waldrop, G Trude, A Gittelsohn, J AF Kim, Mhinjine Budd, Nadine Batorsky, Benjamin Krubiner, Carleigh Manchikanti, Swathi Waldrop, Greer Trude, Angela Gittelsohn, Joel TI Barriers to and Facilitators of Stocking Healthy Food Options: Viewpoints of Baltimore City Small Storeowners SO ECOLOGY OF FOOD AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Corner stores; food environment; formative research; nutrition intervention ID CORNER STORES; INTERVENTION; NEIGHBORHOOD; ENVIRONMENT; AVAILABILITY; OBESITY; ACCESS; COMMUNITIES; STRATEGIES; IMPROVE AB Receptivity to strategies to improve the food environment by increasing access to healthier foods in small food stores is underexplored. We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with small storeowners of different ethnic backgrounds as part of a small-store intervention trial. Store owners perceived barriers and facilitators to purchase, stock, and promote healthy foods. Barriers mentioned included customer preferences for higher fat and sweeter taste and for lower prices; lower wholesaler availability of healthy food; and customers' lack of interest in health. Most store owners thought positively of taste tests, free samples, and communication interventions. However, they varied in terms of their expectations of the effect of these strategies on customers' healthy food purchases. The findings reported add to the limited data on motivating and working with small-store owners in low-income urban settings. C1 [Kim, Mhinjine; Batorsky, Benjamin; Krubiner, Carleigh; Manchikanti, Swathi; Waldrop, Greer; Trude, Angela; Gittelsohn, Joel] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Budd, Nadine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jgittel1@jhu.edu FU National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI) [1R21HL102812-01A1]; Abell Foundation; Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center FX This research was supported by the National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI) (Grant #1R21HL102812-01A1), the Abell Foundation, and the Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0367-0244 EI 1543-5237 J9 ECOL FOOD NUTR JI Ecol. Food Nutr. PY 2017 VL 56 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1080/03670244.2016.1246361 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EI7AK UT WOS:000392649000002 PM 27841664 ER PT J AU Awuor, AO Yard, E Daniel, JH Martin, C Bii, C Romoser, A Oyugi, E Elmore, S Amwayi, S Vulule, J Zitomer, NC Rybak, ME Phillips, TD Montgomery, JM Lewis, LS AF Awuor, Abigael O. Yard, Ellen Daniel, Johnni H. Martin, Collen Bii, Christine Romoser, Amelia Oyugi, Elvis Elmore, Sarah Amwayi, Samwel Vulule, John Zitomer, Nicholas C. Rybak, Michael E. Phillips, Timothy D. Montgomery, Joel M. Lewis, Lauren S. TI Evaluation of the efficacy, acceptability and palatability of calcium montmorillonite clay used to reduce aflatoxin B1 dietary exposure in a crossover study in Kenya SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Kenya; aflatoxin; aflatoxicosis; clay; ACCS100; uniform particle size Novasil (UPSN); Novasil; calcium montmorillonite ID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SHORT-TERM SAFETY; NOVASIL CLAY; HIGH-RISK; AFLATOXICOSIS; INTERVENTION; GHANAIANS; RATS; B-1; ALUMINOSILICATE AB Acute aflatoxin exposure can cause death and disease (aflatoxicosis) in humans. Aflatoxicosis fatality rates have been documented to be as high as 40% in Kenya. The inclusion in the diet of calcium silicate 100 (ACCS100), a calcium montmorillonite clay, may reduce aflatoxin bioavailability, thus potentially decreasing the risk of aflatoxicosis. We investigated the efficacy, acceptability and palatability of ACCS100 in a population in Kenya with recurring aflatoxicosis outbreaks. Healthy adult participants were enrolled in this double-blinded, crossover clinical trial in 2014. Following informed consent, participants (n = 50) were randomised to receive either ACCS100 (3 g day(-1)) or placebo (3 g day(-1)) for 7 days. Treatments were switched following a 5-day washout period. Urine samples were collected daily and assessed for urinary aflatoxin M1 (AFM(1)). Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the trial and assessed for aflatoxin B1-lysine adducts from serum albumin (AFB(1)-lys). AFM1 concentrations in urine were significantly reduced while taking ACCS100 compared with calcium carbonate placebo (beta = 0.49, 95% confidence limit = 0.32-0.75). The 20-day interval included both the placebo and ACCS100 treatments as well as a washout period. There were no statistically significant differences in reported taste, aftertaste, appearance, colour or texture by treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in self-reported adverse events by treatment. Most participants would be willing to take ACCS100 (98%) and give it to their children (98%). ACCS100 was effective, acceptable and palatable. More work is needed to test ACCS100 among vulnerable populations and to determine if it remains effective at the levels of aflatoxin exposure that induce aflatoxicosis. C1 [Awuor, Abigael O.; Montgomery, Joel M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Yard, Ellen; Daniel, Johnni H.; Martin, Collen; Zitomer, Nicholas C.; Rybak, Michael E.; Lewis, Lauren S.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bii, Christine] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Microbiol Res Nairobi, Kisumu, Kenya. [Romoser, Amelia; Elmore, Sarah; Phillips, Timothy D.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Oyugi, Elvis; Amwayi, Samwel] Minist Hlth, Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Vulule, John] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Publ Hlth Res, Kisumu, Kenya. EM lwb6@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1944-0049 EI 1944-0057 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A JI Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. PY 2017 VL 34 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1080/19440049.2016.1224933 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA EI6LV UT WOS:000392608100014 PM 27603954 ER PT J AU Ercumen, A Arnold, BF Naser, A Unicomb, L Colford, JM Luby, SP AF Ercumen, Ayse Arnold, Benjamin F. Naser, Abu Mohd Unicomb, Leanne Colford, John M., Jr. Luby, Stephen P. TI Potential sources of bias in the use of Escherichia coli to measure waterborne diarrhoea risk in low-income settings SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE E. coli; diarrhoea; waterborne disease; water quality; Bangladesh ID NORTHERN COASTAL ECUADOR; OPTIMAL RECALL PERIOD; DRINKING-WATER; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; NEGATIVE CONTROLS; QUALITY; PATHOGENS; CHILDREN; DISEASE; ILLNESS AB ObjectivesEscherichia coli is the standard water quality indicator for diarrhoea risk. Yet, the association between E. coli and diarrhoea is inconsistent across studies without a systematic assessment of methodological differences behind this variation. Most studies measure water quality cross-sectionally with diarrhoea, risking exposure misclassification and reverse causation. Studies use different recall windows for self-reported diarrhoea; longer periods increase potential outcome misclassification through misrecall. Control of confounding is inconsistent across studies. Additionally, diarrhoea measured in unblinded intervention trials can present courtesy bias. We utilised measurements from a randomised trial of water interventions in Bangladesh to assess how these factors affect the E. coli-diarrhoea association. MethodsWe compared cross-sectional versus prospective measurements of water quality and diarrhoea, 2-versus 7-day symptom recall periods, estimates with and without controlling for confounding and using measurements from control versus intervention arms of the trial. ResultsIn the control arm, 2-day diarrhoea prevalence, measured prospectively 1 month after water quality, significantly increased with log(10)E. coli (PR = 1.50, 1.02-2.20). This association weakened when we used 7-day recall (PR = 1.18, 0.88-1.57), cross-sectional measurements of E. coli and diarrhoea (PR = 1.11, 0.79-1.56) or did not control for confounding (PR = 1.20, 0.88-1.62). Including data from intervention arms led to less interpretable associations, potentially due to courtesy bias, effect modification and/or reverse causation. ConclusionsBy systematically addressing potential sources of bias, our analysis demonstrates a clear relationship between E. coli in drinking water and diarrhoea, suggesting that the continued use of E. coli as an indicator of waterborne diarrhoea risk is justified. ObjectifsEscherichia coli est l'indicateur standard de la qualite de l'eau pour le risque de diarrhee. Pourtant, l'association entre E. coli et la diarrhee est inconsistante entre les etudes, sans une evaluation systematique des differences methodologiques liees a cette variation. La plupart des etudes mesurent la qualite de l'eau de facon transversale avec la diarrhee, risquant une mauvaise classification de l'exposition et l'inversion de la causalite. Les etudes utilisent differentes fenetres de rappel pour la diarrhee auto-declaree; Des periodes plus longues augmentent la possibilite de classification erronee des resultats due aux rappels errones. L'ajustement pour les facteurs confusionnels est inconsistant entre les etudes. De plus, la diarrhee mesuree non en aveugle dans les essais d'intervention peut presenter un biais de courtoisie. Nous avons utilise les mesures d'un essai randomise d'interventions sur l'eau au Bangladesh pour evaluer comment ces facteurs affectent l'association entre E. coli et la diarrhee. MethodesNous avons compare les mesures transversales aux mesures prospectives de la qualite de l'eau et de la diarrhee, des periodes de rappel des symptomes a deux versus sept jours, des estimations avec et sans ajustement pour les facteurs confusionnelles et en utilisant les mesures du bras temoin versus celles du bras d'intervention de l'essai. ResultatsDans le bras temoin, la prevalence de la diarrhee a deux jours de rappel, mesuree prospectivement un mois apres la qualite de l'eau, a augmente de facon significative avec un log(10)E. coli (PR=1,50; 1,02-2,20). Cette association s'est affaiblie lorsque nous avons utilise le rappel a sept jours (PR=1,18; 0,88-1,57), les mesures transversales de E. coli et de la diarrhee (PR=1,11; 0,79-1,56) ou n'avons pas ajuste pour les facteurs confusionnels (PR=1,20; 0,88-1,62). L'inclusion des donnees provenant des bras d'intervention a conduit a des associations moins interpretables, potentiellement dues a un biais de courtoisie, a une modification de l'effet et/ou a une inversion de la causalite. ConclusionsEn analysant systematiquement les sources potentielles de biais, notre analyse demontre une relation claire entre E.coli dans l'eau de boisson et la diarrhee, ce qui suggere que l'utilisation continue d'E.Coli comme indicateur du risque de diarrhee hydrique est justifiee. ObjetivosEscherichia coli es el indicador estandar de calidad del agua y riesgo de diarrea. Sin embargo, se observan inconsistencias entre estudios en lo que respecta a la asociacion entre E. coli y diarrea, sin una evaluacion sistematica de diferencias metodologicas detras de esta variacion. La mayoria de los estudios miden la calidad del agua de forma transversal con la diarrea, con el consecuente riesgo de exposicion a una mala clasificacion y a la causacion reversa. Los estudios utilizan diferentes ventanas de recuerdo para la diarrea autoreportada; periodos mas largos potencian una clasificacion erronea debido a recuerdos incorrectos. El control de los factores confusores tampoco es consistente entre estudios. Adicionalmente, la diarrea medida en ensayos de intervencion abiertos puede presentar un sesgo de cortesia. Hemos utilizado medidas de un ensayo aleatorizado de intervencion del agua en Bangladesh para evaluar como estos factores afectan la asociacion entre E. Coli y diarrea. MetodosHemos comparado medidas croseccionales versus medidas prospectivas sobre la calidad del agua y la diarrea, con ventanas de recuerdo de dos- versus siete dias, calculando con y sin control para confusores y utilizando las medidas de los brazos control versus intervencion del ensayo. ResultadosEn el brazo control, la prevalencia de dos dias de diarrea, medida de forma prospectiva un mes despues de la calidad del agua, aumento significativamente con log(10)E. coli (PR=1.50, 1.02-2.20). Esta asociacion se debilitaba cuando utilizabamos la ventana de siete dias de recuerdo (PR=1.18, 0.88-1.57), medidas transversales de E. coli y diarrea (PR=1.11, 0.79-1.56) o no controlabamos para confusores (PR=1.20, 0.88-1.62). Incluir datos del brazo de intervencion conllevaba a asociaciones menos interpretables, potencialmente debido al sesgo de cortesia, al efecto de modificacion y/o la causacion reversa. ConclusionesAbordando de forma sistematica las posibles fuentes de sesgo en nuestro analisis, demostramos una clara relacion entre la presencia de E. coli en agua potable y diarrea, lo cual sugiere que el uso continuo de E. coli como un indicador de riesgo de diarrea transmitida por agua puede justificarse. C1 [Ercumen, Ayse; Arnold, Benjamin F.; Colford, John M., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Naser, Abu Mohd; Unicomb, Leanne; Luby, Stephen P.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Div Infect Dis, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Naser, Abu Mohd] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Luby, Stephen P.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Luby, Stephen P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM aercumen@berkeley.edu OI Luby, Stephen/0000-0001-5385-899X FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) FX This work was supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). icddr,b acknowledges with gratitude the commitment of USAID to its research efforts. The contents of this manuscript are the sole responsibility of icddr,b and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, CDC or the United States Government. Medentech provided the chlorine tablets used in the study free of charge. USAID or Medentech had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 EI 1365-3156 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JAN PY 2017 VL 22 IS 1 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1111/tmi.12803 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA EI5IZ UT WOS:000392528900001 PM 27797430 ER PT J AU Mesquita, LP Diaz, MH Howerth, EW Stallknecht, DE Noblet, R Gray, EW Mead, DG AF Mesquita, L. P. Diaz, M. H. Howerth, E. W. Stallknecht, D. E. Noblet, R. Gray, E. W. Mead, D. G. TI Pathogenesis of Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus Infection in Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) Transmitted by Black Flies (Simulium vittatum) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arbovirus; arthropod-borne virus; deer mouse; encephalitis; vesicular stomatitis virus; neuropathogenesis; transmission; reservoir host ID HOST FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; SEROTYPE; NEUROINVASIVENESS; INVASION; DIPTERA; AGE AB The natural transmission of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV), an arthropod-borne virus, is not completely understood. Rodents may have a role as reservoir or amplifying hosts. In this study, juvenile and nestling deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were exposed to VSNJV-infected black fly (Simulium vittatum) bites followed by a second exposure to naive black flies on the nestling mice. Severe neurological signs were observed in some juvenile mice by 6 to 8 days postinoculation (DPI); viremia was not detected in 25 juvenile deer mice following exposure to VSNJV-infected fly bites. Both juvenile and nestling mice had lesions and viral antigen in the central nervous system (CNS); in juveniles, their distribution suggested that the sensory pathway was the most likely route to the CNS. In contrast, a hematogenous route was probably involved in nestling mice, since all of these mice developed viremia and had widespread antigen distribution in the CNS and other tissues on 2 DPI. VSNJV was recovered from naive flies that fed on viremic nestling mice. This is the first report of viremia in a potential natural host following infection with VSNJV via insect bite and conversely of an insect becoming infected with VSNJV by feeding on a viremic host. These results, along with histopathology and immunohistochemistry, show that nestling mice have widespread dissemination of VSNJV following VSNJV-infected black fly bite and are a potential reservoir or amplifying host for VSNJV. C1 [Mesquita, L. P.; Howerth, E. W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Pathol, 501 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Mesquita, L. P.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Diaz, M. H.; Stallknecht, D. E.; Mead, D. G.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, 501 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Diaz, M. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Noblet, R.; Gray, E. W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, 501 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Howerth, EW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Pathol, 501 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM howerth@uga.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2001 35204 10069]; Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2014/20631-8] FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2001 35204 10069. Supplemental support was provided through Cooperative Agreement 2002-9613-0032-CA, Veterinary Services, APHIS, USDA. L. P. Mesquita was supported by a doctoral and research internship abroad grant from Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), process no. 2014/20631-8. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 EI 1544-2217 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 54 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1177/0300985816653172 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA EJ0EQ UT WOS:000392881800009 PM 27312365 ER PT J AU Chubb, LG Cauda, EG AF Chubb, Lauren G. Cauda, Emanuele G. TI Characterizing Particle Size Distributions of Crystalline Silica in Gold Mine Dust SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MOUDI; Respirable dust; Exposure monitoring ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; UNITED-STATES; QUARTZ; EXPOSURE; AEROSOL; CALIBRATION; MORTALITY; TRENDS AB Dust containing crystalline silica is common in mining environments in the U.S. and around the world. The exposure to respirable crystalline silica remains an important occupational issue and it can lead to the development of silicosis and other respiratory diseases. Little has been done with regard to the characterization of the crystalline silica content of specific particle sizes of mine-generated dust. Such characterization could improve monitoring techniques and control technologies for crystalline silica, decreasing worker exposure to silica and preventing future incidence of silicosis. Three gold mine dust samples were aerosolized in a laboratory chamber. Particle size-specific samples were collected for gravimetric analysis and for quantification of silica using the Microorifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI). Dust size distributions were characterized via aerodynamic and scanning mobility particle sizers (APS, SMPS) and gravimetrically via the MOUDI. Silica size distributions were constructed using gravimetric data from the MOUDI and proportional silica content corresponding to each size range of particles collected by the MOUDI, as determined via X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopic quantification of silica. Results indicate that silica does not comprise a uniform proportion of total dust across all particle sizes and that the size distributions of a given dust and its silica component are similar but not equivalent. Additional research characterizing the silica content of dusts from a variety of mine types and other occupational environments is necessary in order to ascertain trends that could be beneficial in developing better monitoring and control strategies. C1 [Chubb, Lauren G.; Cauda, Emanuele G.] Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Min Res Div, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Chubb, Lauren G.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Chubb, LG (reprint author), Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Min Res Div, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.; Chubb, LG (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM LChubb@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 EI 2071-1409 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2016.05.0179 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI2IX UT WOS:000392311500003 PM 28217139 ER PT J AU Balaji, AB Bowles, KE Hess, KL Smith, JC Paz-Bailey, G AF Balaji, Alexandra B. Bowles, Kristina E. Hess, Kristen L. Smith, Justin C. Paz-Bailey, Gabriela CA NHBS Study Grp TI Association Between Enacted Stigma and HIV-Related Risk Behavior Among MSM, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, 2011 SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE MSM; Stigma; National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System; HIV-related risk behavior ID SEXUAL RISK; UNITED-STATES; GAY MEN; MINORITY STRESS; BISEXUAL POPULATIONS; LATINO MEN; RURAL MEN; HEALTH; DISCRIMINATION; IMPACT AB MSM bear a disproportionate burden of the HIV epidemic. Enacted stigma (overt negative actions) against sexual minorities may play an important role in increasing HIV risk among this population. Using data from the 2011 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system, MSM cycle, we examined the independent associations between three measures of enacted stigma (verbal harassment, discrimination, physical assault) and engagement in each of four HIV-related risk behaviors as outcomes: condomless anal intercourse (CAI) at last sex with a male partner of HIV discordant or unknown status and, in the past 12 months, CAI with a male partner, >= 4 male sex partners, and exchange sex. Of 9819 MSM, 32% experienced verbal harassment in the past 12 months, 23% experienced discrimination, and 8% experienced physical assault. Discordant CAI at last sex with a male partner was associated with previous discrimination and physical assault. Past 12 month CAI with a male partner, >= 4 male sex partners, and exchange sex were each associated with verbal harassment, discrimination, and physical assault. These findings indicate that a sizable proportion of MSM report occurrences of past 12 month enacted stigma and suggest that these experiences may be associated with HIV-related risk behavior. Addressing stigma towards sexual minorities must involve an integrated, multi-faceted approach, including interventions at the individual, community, and societal level. C1 [Balaji, Alexandra B.; Bowles, Kristina E.; Hess, Kristen L.; Paz-Bailey, Gabriela] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smith, Justin C.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Balaji, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvi7@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 EI 1573-3254 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 21 IS 1 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s10461-016-1599-z PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA EI2HE UT WOS:000392306700020 PM 27830344 ER PT J AU Isham, G Sanchez, E Jones, WA Teutsch, S Woolf, S Haddix, A AF Isham, George Sanchez, Eduardo Jones, Warren A. Teutsch, Steven Woolf, Steven Haddix, Anne TI Prevention Priorities: Guidance for Value-Driven Health Improvement SO ANNALS OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE disease; prevention & control; health services; economics; prioritization; health impact; cost-effectiveness; cost-savings; immunization; mass screening; behavioral counseling ID PRIMARY-CARE; SERVICES C1 [Isham, George] HealthPartners Inst, POB 1524, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. [Sanchez, Eduardo] Amer Heart Assoc, Ctr Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Dallas, TX 75231 USA. [Jones, Warren A.] Dillard Univ, Hlth Dispar Res, New Orleans, LA USA. [Teutsch, Steven] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Teutsch, Steven] Inst Publ Hlth, Oakland, CA USA. [Teutsch, Steven] Univ Southern Calif, Leonard D Schaeffer Ctr Hlth Policy & Econ, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Woolf, Steven] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Ctr Soc & Hlth, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Populat Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. [Haddix, Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Isham, G (reprint author), HealthPartners Inst, POB 1524, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. EM george.j.isham@healthpartners.com NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ANNALS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, LEAWOOD, KS 66211-2672 USA SN 1544-1709 EI 1544-1717 J9 ANN FAM MED JI Ann. Fam. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 15 IS 1 BP 6 EP 8 DI 10.1370/afm.2023 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EI2FI UT WOS:000392301700003 PM 28376454 ER PT J AU Gunnala, R Perrine, CG Subedi, G Mebrahtu, S Dahal, P Jefferds, ME AF Gunnala, Rajni Perrine, Cria G. Subedi, Giriraj Mebrahtu, Saba Dahal, Pradiumna Jefferds, Maria Elena TI Identifying acceptability and price points for purchasing micronutrient powders for children 2 to 5 years old in Nepal SO ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE acceptability to purchase; micronutrient powders; Nepal; price points; iron ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; WESTERN KENYA; FORMATIVE RESEARCH; WOMENS AUTONOMY; SPRINKLES; PROGRAM AB Background and Objective: Little is known about purchasing micronutrient powders (MNP) for children 2-5 years. We describe acceptability for purchasing and price points for MNP for children 2-5 years among caregivers living in districts where free MNP are distributed for children 6-23 months. Methods and Study Design: Cross-sectional surveys conducted 3 months after MNP program implementation in 2 districts; 15 months after implementation in 2 different districts. Chi square tests and logistic regression describe associations among sociodemographics and program exposure factors and acceptability of purchasing MNP among 1,261 mothers of children 6-23 months who had heard of MNP. Results: Overall, 77.5% and 86.1% of mothers reported acceptability for purchasing MNP in the 3 and 15 month surveys, respectively. Positive pricing attitude (PPA) about paying 150 Nepali rupees for 60 sachets of MNP was reported by 66.3% and 73.4% of mothers. Acceptability for purchasing MNP in both time periods increased with higher wealth quintile and higher maternal education; PPA increased with higher maternal education. Controlling for socio-demographics, program exposure factors associated with acceptability for purchasing MNP included: lack of perceived barriers to MNP intake and health worker counselling (3 month surveys); knowledge of benefits of MNP intake and lack of perceived barriers to MNP intake (15 month surveys). Conclusions: Mothers reported acceptability for purchasing MNP and PPA for older children in Nepal. Differences in acceptability were found across socio-demographics and program exposures. Use of these results and further exploration into actual purchasing behaviour can inform future MNP distribution methods in Nepal. C1 [Gunnala, Rajni] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Perrine, Cria G.; Jefferds, Maria Elena] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-77, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Subedi, Giriraj] Nepal Minist Hlth & Populat, Child Hlth Div, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Mebrahtu, Saba; Dahal, Pradiumna] United Nations Childrens Fund UNICEF, Nepal Country Off, UN House, Pulchowk, Nepal. RP Jefferds, ME (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-77, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MJefferds@cdc.gov FU Government of Nepal; Ministry of Health and Population; UNICEF Nepal Country Office; UNICEF Nepal FX The Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population and UNICEF Nepal Country Office supported the implementation of the pilot intervention. UNICEF Nepal funded an agency to conduct the external surveys. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU H E C PRESS, HEALTHY EATING CLUB PTY LTD PI MCKINNON PA PO BOX 4121, MCKINNON, VIC 3204, AUSTRALIA SN 0964-7058 EI 1440-6047 J9 ASIA PAC J CLIN NUTR JI Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 26 IS 1 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.6133/apjcn.102015.07 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EI1TD UT WOS:000392259900018 PM 28049270 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, J Balakrishnan, K Bruce, N Chambers, D Graham, J Jack, D Kline, L Masera, O Mehta, S Mercado, IR Neta, G Pattanayak, S Puzzolo, E Petach, H Punturieri, A Rubinstein, A Sage, M Sturke, R Shankar, A Sherr, K Smith, K Yadama, G AF Rosenthal, Joshua Balakrishnan, Kalpana Bruce, Nigel Chambers, David Graham, Jay Jack, Darby Kline, Lydia Masera, Omar Mehta, Sumi Ruiz Mercado, Ilse Neta, Gila Pattanayak, Subhrendu Puzzolo, Elisa Petach, Helen Punturieri, Antonello Rubinstein, Adolfo Sage, Michael Sturke, Rachel Shankar, Anita Sherr, Kenny Smith, Kirk Yadama, Gautam TI Implementation Science to Accelerate Clean Cooking for Public Health SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID EVALUATING COMPLEX INTERVENTIONS; RESEARCH-COUNCIL GUIDANCE; SUSTAINED USE; SERVICES RESEARCH; GLOBAL BURDEN; STOVE USE; COOKSTOVES; DYNAMICS; FRAMEWORK; BARRIERS AB Clean cooking has emerged as a major concern for global health and development because of the enormous burden of disease caused by traditional cookstoves and fires. The World Health Organization has developed new indoor air quality guidelines that few homes will be able to achieve without replacing traditional methods with modern clean cooking technologies, including fuels and stoves. However, decades of experience with improved stove programs indicate that the challenge of modernizing cooking in impoverished communities includes a complex, multi-sectoral set of problems that require implementation research. The National Institutes of Health, in partnership with several government agencies and the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, has launched the Clean Cooking Implementation Science Network that aims to address this issue. In this article, our focus is on building a knowledge base to accelerate scale-up and sustained use of the cleanest technologies in low-and middle-income countries. Implementation science provides a variety of analytical and planning tools to enhance effectiveness of clinical and public health interventions. These tools are being integrated with a growing body of knowledge and new research projects to yield new methods, consensus tools, and an evidence base to accelerate improvements in health promised by the renewed agenda of clean cooking. C1 [Rosenthal, Joshua; Kline, Lydia; Sturke, Rachel] NIH, Div Epidemiol & Populat Studies, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 16, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Balakrishnan, Kalpana] Sri Ramachandra Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. [Bruce, Nigel] Univ Liverpool, Dept Publ Hlth & Policy, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Chambers, David; Neta, Gila] NCI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Graham, Jay] George Washington Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Jack, Darby] Columbia Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY USA. [Masera, Omar; Ruiz Mercado, Ilse] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Ecosistemas, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Mehta, Sumi] Global Alliance Clean Cookstoves, Washington, DC USA. [Pattanayak, Subhrendu] Duke Univ, Sanford Sch Publ Policy, Durham, NC USA. [Pattanayak, Subhrendu] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Puzzolo, Elisa] Global LPG Partnership, New York, NY USA. [Petach, Helen] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Punturieri, Antonello] NHLBI, Rockville, MD USA. [Rubinstein, Adolfo] Inst Clin Hlth Effectiveness, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Sage, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shankar, Anita] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Sherr, Kenny] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Smith, Kirk] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Global Environm Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yadama, Gautam] Washington Univ, George Warren Brown Sch Social Work, St Louis, MO USA. RP Rosenthal, J (reprint author), NIH, Div Epidemiol & Populat Studies, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 16, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM joshua.rosenthal@nih.gov FU NIH Common Fund FX Funding for the ISN has been provided through an award from the NIH Common Fund. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 125 IS 1 BP A3 EP A7 DI 10.1289/EHP1018 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA EI0WD UT WOS:000392195000027 PM 28055947 ER PT J AU Satterly, NG Voorhees, MA Ames, AD Schoepp, RJ AF Satterly, Neal G. Voorhees, Matthew A. Ames, Abbe D. Schoepp, Randal J. TI Comparison of MagPix Assays and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ELISA; MagPix; Ebola virus; immunoassays; Lassa virus; viral hemorrhagic fever ID LASSA FEVER; EBOLA; MARBURG AB Viral hemorrhagic fevers, because of their high mortality rates, the lack of medical countermeasures, and their potential use as instruments of bioterrorism, pose a significant threat to the developed and the developing areas of the world. The key to preventing the spread of these diseases is early and accurate detection. For decades, the gold-standard immunoassay for hemorrhagic fever detection has been the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); however, newer technologies are emerging with increased sensitivities. One such technology is the Luminex MagPix platform using xMAP microspheres. Here, we compare the MagPix platform with a traditional ELISA for IgM and antigen detection of infections from Lassa and Ebola viruses (LASV and EBOV, respectively). For IgM detection in nonhuman primate samples, the MagPix platform was 5 and 25 times more sensitive in detecting LASV and EBOV, respectively, compared to that with ELISA. For antigen detection in buffer, the MagPix platform was 25 and 2.5 times more sensitive in detecting lower levels of LASV and EBOV, respectively. In both IgM and antigen detection assays, the MagPix platform demonstrated excellent reproducibility at the lower limit of detection (LLOD). These findings demonstrate that the MagPix platform is a viable diagnostic replacement for the ELISA for viral hemorrhagic fevers. C1 [Satterly, Neal G.; Voorhees, Matthew A.; Ames, Abbe D.; Schoepp, Randal J.] US Army, Diagnost Syst Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis USAMRIID, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Satterly, Neal G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schoepp, RJ (reprint author), US Army, Diagnost Syst Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis USAMRIID, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM randal.j.schoepp.civ@mail.mil FU Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS) Operations at the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center; Department of Defense Medical Countermeasure Systems Critical Reagents Program FX The laboratory work was funded in part by the Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS) Operations at the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center and by the Department of Defense Medical Countermeasure Systems Critical Reagents Program. This research was performed while N.G.S. held a National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship award at Diagnostic Systems Division, USAMRIID. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1128/JCM.01693-16 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EH7QC UT WOS:000391966600011 PM 27795340 ER PT J AU Zhang, YG Sakthivel, SK Bramley, A Jain, S Haynes, A Chappell, JD Hymas, W Lenny, N Patel, A Qi, C Ampofo, K Arnold, SR Self, WH Williams, DJ Hillyard, D Anderson, EJ Grijalva, CG Zhu, YW Wunderink, RG Edwards, KM Pavia, AT McCullers, JA Erdman, DD AF Zhang, Yange Sakthivel, Senthilkumar K. Bramley, Anna Jain, Seema Haynes, Amber Chappell, James D. Hymas, Weston Lenny, Noel Patel, Anami Qi, Chao Ampofo, Krow Arnold, Sandra R. Self, Wesley H. Williams, Derek J. Hillyard, David Anderson, Evan J. Grijalva, Carlos G. Zhu, Yuwei Wunderink, Richard G. Edwards, Kathryn M. Pavia, Andrew T. McCullers, Jonathan A. Erdman, Dean D. TI Serology Enhances Molecular Diagnosis of Respiratory Virus Infections Other than Influenza in Children and Adults Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE respiratory virus infections; community-acquired pneumonia; PCR assays and serology; serology; PCR assays ID HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; REQUIRING HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS; IMMUNOASSAY; RESPONSES; PCR AB Both molecular and serological assays have been used previously to determine the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, the extent to which these methods are correlated and the added diagnostic value of serology for respiratory viruses other than influenza virus have not been fully evaluated. Using data from patients enrolled in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community (EPIC) study, we compared real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and serology for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), parainfluenza virus 1 to 3 (PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3), and adenovirus (AdV) infections. Of 5,126 patients enrolled, RT-PCR and serology test results were available for 2,023, including 1,087 children below the age of 18 years and 936 adults. For RSV, 287 (14.2%) patients were positive by RT-PCR and 234 (11.6%) were positive by serology; for HMPV, 172 (8.5%) tested positive by RTPCR and 147 (7.3%) by serology; for the PIVs, 94 (4.6%) tested positive by RT-PCR and 92 (4.6%) by serology; and for AdV, 111 (5.5%) tested positive by RT-PCR and 62 (3.1%) by serology. RT-PCR provided the highest number of positive detections overall, but serology increased diagnostic yield for RSV (by 11.8%), HMPV (by 25.0%), AdV (by 32.4%), and PIV (by 48.9%). The method concordance estimated by Cohen's kappa coefficient (kappa) ranged from good (for RSV; kappa = 0.73) to fair (for AdV; kappa = 0.27). Heterotypic seroresponses observed between PIVs and persistent low-level AdV shedding may account for the higher method discordance observed with each of these viruses. Serology can be a helpful adjunct to RT-PCR for research-based assessment of the etiologic contribution of respiratory viruses other than influenza virus to CAP. C1 [Zhang, Yange; Sakthivel, Senthilkumar K.; Bramley, Anna; Jain, Seema; Haynes, Amber; Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chappell, James D.; Self, Wesley H.; Williams, Derek J.; Grijalva, Carlos G.; Zhu, Yuwei; Edwards, Kathryn M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Hymas, Weston; Ampofo, Krow; Hillyard, David; Pavia, Andrew T.] Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Lenny, Noel; Patel, Anami; Arnold, Sandra R.; McCullers, Jonathan A.] Le Bonheur Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN USA. [Lenny, Noel; Patel, Anami; Arnold, Sandra R.; McCullers, Jonathan A.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Qi, Chao; Wunderink, Richard G.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [McCullers, Jonathan A.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Zhang, Yange; Sakthivel, Senthilkumar K.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. [Anderson, Evan J.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dde1@cdc.gov OI Wunderink, Richard/0000-0002-8527-4195 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1128/JCM.01701-16 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EH7QC UT WOS:000391966600012 PM 27795341 ER PT J AU Wolff, BJ Bramley, AM Thurman, KA Whitney, CG Whitaker, B Self, WH Arnold, SR Trabue, C Wunderink, RG McCullers, J Edwards, KM Jain, S Winchell, JM AF Wolff, Bernard J. Bramley, Anna M. Thurman, Kathleen A. Whitney, Cynthia G. Whitaker, Brett Self, Wesley H. Arnold, Sandra R. Trabue, Christopher Wunderink, Richard G. McCullers, Jon Edwards, Kathryn M. Jain, Seema Winchell, Jonas M. TI Improved Detection of Respiratory Pathogens by Use of High-Quality Sputum with TaqMan Array Card Technology SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community-acquired pneumonia; pneumonia; multipathogen; diagnostics; TaqMan array card; NP/OP; TAC; sputum ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; REQUIRING HOSPITALIZATION; TRACT INFECTION; VIRUSES; CHILDREN; ETIOLOGY; ADULTS; SURVEILLANCE; INFLUENZA; OUTBREAK AB New diagnostic platforms often use nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs for pathogen detection for patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We applied multipathogen testing to high-quality sputum specimens to determine if more pathogens can be identified relative to NP/OP swabs. Children (<18 years old) and adults hospitalized with CAP were enrolled over 2.5 years through the Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community (EPIC) study. NP/OP specimens with matching high-quality sputum (defined as <= 10 epithelial cells/low-power field [lpf] and >= 25 white blood cells/lpf or a quality score [q-score] definition of 2+) were tested by TaqMan array card (TAC), a multipathogen real-time PCR detection platform. Among 236 patients with matched specimens, a higher proportion of sputum specimens had >= 1 pathogen detected compared with NP/OP specimens in children (93% versus 68%; P < 0.0001) and adults (88% versus 61%; P < 0.0001); for each pathogen targeted, crossing threshold (C-T) values were earlier in sputum. Both bacterial (361 versus 294) and viral detections (245 versus 140) were more common in sputum versus NP/OP specimens, respectively, in both children and adults. When available, high-quality sputum may be useful for testing in hospitalized CAP patients. C1 [Wolff, Bernard J.; Thurman, Kathleen A.; Whitney, Cynthia G.; Winchell, Jonas M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bramley, Anna M.; Jain, Seema] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Whitaker, Brett] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Self, Wesley H.; Edwards, Kathryn M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Arnold, Sandra R.; Trabue, Christopher; McCullers, Jon] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, St Thomas Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [McCullers, Jon] Le Bonheur Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN USA. [McCullers, Jon] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. RP Winchell, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jwinchell@cdc.gov OI Wunderink, Richard/0000-0002-8527-4195 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.1128/JCM.01805-16 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EH7QC UT WOS:000391966600016 PM 27795345 ER PT J AU Mishin, VP Baranovich, T Garten, R Chesnokov, A Abd Elal, AI Adamczyk, M LaPlante, J George, KS Fry, AM Barnes, J Chester, SC Xu, XY Katz, JM Wentworth, DE Gubareva, LV AF Mishin, Vasiliy P. Baranovich, Tatiana Garten, Rebecca Chesnokov, Anton Abd Elal, Anwar I. Adamczyk, Michelle LaPlante, Jennifer George, Kirsten St. Fry, Alicia M. Barnes, John Chester, Stephanie C. Xu, Xiyan Katz, Jacqueline M. Wentworth, David E. Gubareva, Larisa V. TI A Pyrosequencing-Based Approach to High-Throughput Identification of Influenza A(H3N2) Virus Clades Harboring Antigenic Drift Variants SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE A(H3N2); genotyping; influenza; pyrosequencing ID RECEPTOR-BINDING; A VIRUSES; VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; HEMAGGLUTININ; EVOLUTION; NEURAMINIDASES; RESISTANCE; MARKERS; SEASON AB The rapid evolution of influenza A(H3N2) viruses necessitates close monitoring of their antigenic properties so the emergence and spread of antigenic drift variants can be rapidly identified. Changes in hemagglutinin (HA) acquired by contemporary A(H3N2) viruses hinder antigenic characterization by traditional methods, thus complicating vaccine strain selection. Sequence-based approaches have been used to infer virus antigenicity; however, they are time consuming and mid-throughput. To facilitate virological surveillance and epidemiological studies, we developed and validated a pyrosequencing approach that enables identification of six HA clades of contemporary A(H3N2) viruses. The identification scheme of viruses of the H3 clades 3C.2, 3C.2a, 3C.2b, 3C.3, 3C.3a, and 3C.3b is based on the interrogation of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within three neighboring HA regions, namely 412 to 431, 465 to 481, and 559 to 571. Two bioinformatics tools, IdentiFire (Qiagen) and FireComb (developed in-house), were utilized to expedite pyrosequencing data analysis. The assay's analytical sensitivity was 10 focus forming units, and respiratory specimens with threshold cycle (C-T) values of < 34 typically produced good quality pyrograms. When applied to 120 A(H3N2) virus isolates and 27 respiratory specimens, the assay displayed 100% agreement with clades determined by HA sequencing coupled with phylogenetics. The multi-SNP analysis described here was readily adopted by another laboratory with pyrosequencing capabilities. The implementation of this approach enhanced the findings from virological surveillance and epidemiological studies between 2013 and 2016, which examined more than 3,000 A(H3N2) viruses. C1 [Mishin, Vasiliy P.; Baranovich, Tatiana; Garten, Rebecca; Chesnokov, Anton; Abd Elal, Anwar I.; Adamczyk, Michelle; Fry, Alicia M.; Barnes, John; Xu, Xiyan; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Wentworth, David E.; Gubareva, Larisa V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Contro, Atlanta, GA USA. [Baranovich, Tatiana] Carter Consulting Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chesnokov, Anton; Abd Elal, Anwar I.; Adamczyk, Michelle] Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. [LaPlante, Jennifer; George, Kirsten St.] New York State Dept Hlth NYSDOH, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Chester, Stephanie C.] Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Gubareva, LV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Contro, Atlanta, GA USA. EM lgubareva@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1128/JCM.01840-16 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EH7QC UT WOS:000391966600019 PM 27795346 ER PT J AU Almeida, ME Koru, O Steurer, F Herwaldt, BL da Silva, AJ AF de Almeida, Marcos E. Koru, Ozgur Steurer, Francis Herwaldt, Barbara L. da Silva, Alexandre J. TI Detection and Differentiation of Leishmania spp. in Clinical Specimens by Use of a SYBR Green-Based Real-Time PCR Assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leishmaniasis; SYBR green-based real-time PCR; species identification ID CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS; CONVENTIONAL PCR; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLES; AMPLIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; DONOVANI AB Leishmaniasis in humans is caused by Leishmania spp. in the subgenera Leishmania and Viannia. Species identification often has clinical relevance. Until recently, our laboratory relied on conventional PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region (ITS2-PCR) followed by sequencing analysis of the PCR product to differentiate Leishmania spp. Here we describe a novel real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach based on the SYBR green technology (LSG-qPCR), which uses genus-specific primers that target the ITS1 region and amplify DNA from at least 10 Leishmania spp., followed by analysis of the melting temperature (T-m) of the amplicons on qPCR platforms (the Mx3000P qPCR system [Stratagene-Agilent] and the 7500 real-time PCR system [ABI Life Technologies]). We initially evaluated the assay by testing reference Leishmania isolates and comparing the results with those from the conventional ITS2-PCR approach. Then we compared the results from the real-time and conventional molecular approaches for clinical specimens from 1,051 patients submitted to the reference laboratory of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for Leishmania diagnostic testing. Specimens from 477 patients tested positive for Leishmania spp. with the LSG-qPCR assay, specimens from 465 of these 477 patients also tested positive with the conventional ITS2-PCR approach, and specimens from 10 of these 465 patients had positive results because of retesting prompted by LSG-qPCR positivity. On the basis of the T-m values of the LSG-qPCR amplicons from reference and clinical specimens, we were able to differentiate four groups of Leishmania parasites: the Viannia subgenus in aggregate; the Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani complex in aggregate; the species L. (L.) tropica; and the species L. (L.) mexicana, L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (L.) major, and L. (L.) aethiopica in aggregate. C1 [de Almeida, Marcos E.; Koru, Ozgur; Steurer, Francis; Herwaldt, Barbara L.; da Silva, Alexandre J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Koru, Ozgur] Gulhane Mil Med Acad, Dept Microbiol, Ankara, Turkey. RP Almeida, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Almeid.bnz0@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1128/JCM.01764-16 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EH7QC UT WOS:000391966600033 ER PT J AU Shewmaker, PL Steigerwalt, AG Nicholson, AC Carvalho, MDS Facklam, RR Whitney, AM Teixeira, LM AF Shewmaker, Patricia Lynn Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Nicholson, Ainsley C. Carvalho, Maria da Gloria S. Facklam, Richard R. Whitney, Anne M. Teixeira, Lucia M. TI Reevaluation of the Taxonomic Status of Recently Described Species of Enterococcus: Evidence that E. thailandicus Is a Senior Subjective Synonym of "E. sanguinicola" and Confirmation of E. caccae as a Species Distinct from E. silesiacus (vol 49, pg 2676, 2011) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Shewmaker, Patricia Lynn; Steigerwalt, Arnold G.; Nicholson, Ainsley C.; Carvalho, Maria da Gloria S.; Facklam, Richard R.; Whitney, Anne M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Teixeira, Lucia M.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. RP Shewmaker, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 344 EP 344 DI 10.1128/JCM.01953-16 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EH7QC UT WOS:000391966600045 PM 28031448 ER PT J AU Shewmaker, PL Steigerwalt, AG Whitney, AM Morey, RE Graziano, JC Facklam, RR Musser, KA Merquior, VLC Teixeira, LM AF Shewmaker, Patricia Lynn Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Whitney, Anne M. Morey, Roger E. Graziano, James C. Facklam, Richard R. Musser, Kimberlee A. Merquior, Vania L. C. Teixeira, Lucia M. TI Evaluation of Methods for Identification and Determination of the Taxonomic Status of Strains Belonging to the Streptococcus porcinus-Streptococcus pseudoporcinus Complex Isolated from Animal, Human, and Dairy Sources (vol 50, pg 3591, 2012) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Shewmaker, Patricia Lynn; Steigerwalt, Arnold G.; Whitney, Anne M.; Morey, Roger E.; Graziano, James C.; Facklam, Richard R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Musser, Kimberlee A.] NYS DOH, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Merquior, Vania L. C.] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Fac Ciencias Med, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Teixeira, Lucia M.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. RP Shewmaker, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 345 EP 345 DI 10.1128/JCM.02149-16 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EH7QC UT WOS:000391966600046 PM 28031449 ER PT J AU Shewmaker, PL Whitney, AM Humrighouse, BW AF Shewmaker, P. L. Whitney, A. M. Humrighouse, B. W. TI Phenotypic, Genotypic, and Antimicrobial Characteristics of Streptococcus halichoeri Isolates from Humans, Proposal To Rename Streptococcus halichoeri as Streptococcus halichoeri subsp. halichoeri, and Description of Streptococcus halichoeri subsp. hominis subsp. nov., a Bacterium Associated with Human Clinical Infections (vol 54, pg 739, 2016) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Shewmaker, P. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Whitney, A. M.; Humrighouse, B. W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shewmaker, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 346 EP 346 DI 10.1128/JCM.02167-16 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EH7QC UT WOS:000391966600047 PM 28031450 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Sharma, AJ Hamner, HC Pan, LP Panzera, A Smith, RB Blanck, HM AF Freedman, David S. Sharma, Andrea J. Hamner, Heather C. Pan, Liping Panzera, Anthony Smith, Ray B. Blanck, Heidi M. TI Trends in Weight-for-Length Among Infants in WIC From 2000 to 2014 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; GROWTH CHARTS; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; FOOD; ADOLESCENTS; PACKAGE AB OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence and secular trends of high weight-for-length among infants (ages, 3-23 months) in the biennial US Department of Agriculture Women, Infants, and Children Program and Participants Characteristic (WIC-PC) Survey from 2000 through 2014 (n = 16 927 120). METHODS: Weight-for-length was considered to be "high" if it was >= 2 SDs above the sex-and age-specific median in the World Health Organization growth standards. Poisson regression was used to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of high weight-for-length increased from 13.4% in 2000 to 14.5% in 2004, remained constant until 2010, and then decreased by >2 percentage points (to 12.3%) through 2014. The prevalence of high weight-for-length was associated with sex (higher among boys), race-ethnicity (highest among American Indians/ Alaskan Natives), and with both age (positive) and family income (inverse). The secular trends, however, were fairly similar within categories of these variables. From 2010 to 2014, the prevalence of high weight-for-length decreased in 40 states and 3 (of 5) US territories, with the largest decreases seen in Puerto Rico (-9 percentage points) and Kentucky (-7 percentage points), and the largest increase (+2 percentage points) seen in West Virginia. CONCLUSIONS: Although the current results cannot be considered representative of infants in the populations, the prevalence of a high weight-for-length has decreased among infants in WIC-PC since 2010. These decreases were similar across categories of most characteristics, but there were substantial differences across jurisdictions, possibly reflecting differences in policy and local programs that target maternal and infant health. C1 [Freedman, David S.; Hamner, Heather C.; Pan, Liping; Smith, Ray B.; Blanck, Heidi M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sharma, Andrea J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sharma, Andrea J.; Blanck, Heidi M.] US Publ Hlth Serv Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA USA. [Panzera, Anthony] Food & Nutr Serv, Off Policy Support, USDA, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC F-77,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dxf1@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2017 VL 139 IS 1 AR e20162034 DI 10.1542/peds.2016-2034 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA EH9WI UT WOS:000392122000028 ER PT J AU Mast, EE Cochi, SL Kew, OM Cairns, L Bloland, PB Martin, R AF Mast, Eric E. Cochi, Stephen L. Kew, Olen M. Cairns, Lisa Bloland, Peter B. Martin, Rebecca TI Fifty Years of Global Immunization at CDC, 1966-2015 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material DE immunization; polio; eradicate ID MENINGOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; INTRADERMAL JET INJECTION; SMALLPOX VACCINATION; POLIO ERADICATION; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; UNITED-STATES; BURKINA-FASO; PROGRESS; MEASLES; SEROGROUP C1 [Mast, Eric E.; Cochi, Stephen L.; Bloland, Peter B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Ctr Global Hlth, MS A04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kew, Olen M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martin, Rebecca] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mast, EE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Ctr Global Hlth, MS A04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM emast@cdc.gov NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0033-3549 EI 1468-2877 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 132 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1177/0033354916681490 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EI3AW UT WOS:000392363100005 PM 28005470 ER PT J AU Morgan, E Oster, AM Townsell, S Peace, D Benbow, N Schneider, JA AF Morgan, Ethan Oster, Alexandra M. Townsell, Stephanie Peace, Donna Benbow, Nanette Schneider, John A. TI HIV-I Infection and Transmission Networks of Younger People in Chicago, Illinois, 2005-2011 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article DE HIV; networks; MSM ID SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SURVEILLANCE; CLUSTERS; REVEALS; MEN AB Objective: Analysis of HIV nucleotide sequences can be used to identify people with highly similar HIV strains and understand transmission patterns. The objective of this study was to identify groups of people highly connected by HIV transmission and the extent to which transmission occurred within and between geographic areas in Chicago, Illinois. Methods: We analyzed genetic sequences in the HIV-I pol region in samples collected from people participating in the VARHS program in Chicago during 2005-2011. We determined pairwise genetic distance, inferred potential transmission events between HIV-infected people whose sequences were <= 1.5% genetically distant, and identified clusters of connected people. We used multivariable analysis to determine demographic characteristics and risk attributes associated with degree of connectivity. Results: Of 1154 sequences, 177 (15.3%) were tied to at least I other sequence. We determined that younger people, men, non-Hispanic black people, and men who have sex with men were more highly connected than other HIV-infected people. We also identified a high degree of geographic heterogeneity-48 of 67 clusters (71.6%) contained people from > I Chicago region (north, south, or west sides). Conclusion: Our results indicate a need to address HIV transmission through the networks of younger non-Hispanic black men who have sex with men. The high level of geographic heterogeneity observed suggests that HIV prevention programs should be targeted toward networks of younger people rather than geographic areas of high incidence. This study could also guide prevention efforts in other diverse metropolitan regions with characteristics similar to those of Chicago. C1 [Morgan, Ethan; Schneider, John A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Morgan, Ethan; Schneider, John A.] Univ Chicago, Chicago Ctr HIV Eliminat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Oster, Alexandra M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Townsell, Stephanie; Peace, Donna; Benbow, Nanette] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Schneider, John A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Med, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Schneider, JA (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Global Hlth Programs, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC 5065, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM jschneil@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R21GM113694, R01DA033875, R01DA039934]; CDC FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work is supported by the National Institutes of Health (grants R21GM113694, R01DA033875, and R01DA039934). VARHS was funded through a cooperative agreement with CDC. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0033-3549 EI 1468-2877 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 132 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1177/0033354916679988 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EI3AW UT WOS:000392363100010 PM 28005480 ER PT J AU Tyrrell, F Stafford, C Yakrus, M Youngblood, M Hill, A Johnston, S AF Tyrrell, Frances Stafford, Cortney Yakrus, Mitchell Youngblood, Monica Hill, Andrew Johnston, Stephanie TI Trends in Testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex From US Public Health Laboratories, 2009-2013 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article DE public health laboratories; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; diagnosis ID STATE; INITIATION AB Objective: We investigated data from US public health laboratories funded through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Tuberculosis Elimination and Laboratory Cooperative Agreement to document trends and challenges in meeting national objectives in tuberculosis (TB) laboratory diagnoses. Methods: We examined data on workload and turnaround time from public health laboratories' progress reports during 2009-2013. We reviewed methodologies, laboratory roles, and progress toward rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex through nucleic acid amplification (NAA) testing. We compared selected data with TB surveillance reports to estimate public health laboratories' contribution to national diagnostic services. Results: During the study period, culture and drug susceptibility tests decreased, but NAA testing increased. Public health laboratories achieved turnaround time benchmarks for drug susceptibility tests at lower levels than for acid-fast bacilli smear and identification from culture. NAA positivity in laboratories among surveillance-reported culture-positive TB cases increased from 26.6% (2355 of 8876) in 2009 to 40.0% (2948 of 7358) in 2013. Public health laboratories provided an estimated 50.9% (4285 of 8413 in 2010) to 57.2% (4210 of 7358 in 2013) of culture testing and 88.3% (6822 of 7727 in 201 I) to 94.4% (6845 of 7250 in 2012) of drug susceptibility tests for all US TB cases. Conclusions: Public health laboratories contribute substantially to TB diagnoses in the United States. Although testing volumes mostly decreased, the increase in NAA testing indicates continued progress in rapid M tuberculosis complex detection. C1 [Tyrrell, Frances; Stafford, Cortney; Yakrus, Mitchell; Youngblood, Monica; Hill, Andrew; Johnston, Stephanie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Tyrrell, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ilg9@cdc.gov FU Tuberculosis Elimination and Laboratory Cooperative [CDC-RFA-PS15-1501] FX Information in this article was obtained by the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination's Laboratory Capacity Team of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (nonresearch domestic Funding Opportunity Announcement: Tuberculosis Elimination and Laboratory Cooperative Agreement; CDC-RFA-PS15-1501). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0033-3549 EI 1468-2877 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 132 IS 1 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1177/0033354916679989 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EI3AW UT WOS:000392363100011 PM 28005481 ER PT J AU Gounder, PP Holman, RC Seeman, SM Rarig, AJ McEwen, M Steiner, CA Bartholomew, ML Hennessy, TW AF Gounder, Prabhu P. Holman, Robert C. Seeman, Sara M. Rarig, Alice J. McEwen, Mary Steiner, Claudia A. Bartholomew, Michael L. Hennessy, Thomas W. TI Infectious Disease Hospitalizations Among American Indian/Alaska Native and Non-American Indian/Alaska Native Persons in Alaska, 2010-2011 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article DE minority health; epidemiology; Indian Health Service; Native American ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; RURAL ALASKA; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; POPULATION; INDIANS; TRENDS AB Objective: Reports about infectious disease (ID) hospitalization rates among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons have been constrained by data limited to the tribal health care system and by comparisons with the general US population. We used a merged state database to determine ID hospitalization rates in Alaska. Methods: We combined 2010 and 2011 hospital discharge data from the Indian Health Service and the Alaska State Inpatient Database. We used the merged data set to calculate average annual age-adjusted and age-specific ID hospitalization rates for AI/AN and non-AI/AN persons in Alaska. We stratified the ID hospitalization rates by sex, age, and ID diagnosis. Results: ID diagnoses accounted for 19% (6501 of 34 160) of AI/AN hospitalizations, compared with 12% (7397 of 62059) of non-AI/AN hospitalizations. The average annual age-adjusted hospitalization rate was >3 times higher for AI/AN persons (2697 per 100 000 population) than for non-AI/AN persons (730 per 100 000 population; rate ratio = 3.7, P < .001). Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), which occurred in 38% (2486 of 6501) of AI/AN persons, was the most common reason for ID hospitalization. AI/AN persons were significantly more likely than non-AI/AN persons to be hospitalized for LRTI (rate ratio = 5.2, P < .001). Conclusions: A substantial disparity in ID hospitalization rates exists between AI/AN and non-AI/AN persons, and the most common reason for ID hospitalization among AI/AN persons was LRTI. Public health programs and policies that address the risk factors for LRTI are likely to benefit AI/AN persons. C1 [Gounder, Prabhu P.; Holman, Robert C.; Hennessy, Thomas W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Seeman, Sara M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rarig, Alice J.; McEwen, Mary] Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Juneau, AK USA. [Steiner, Claudia A.] Agcy Healthcare & Res & Qual, Ctr Delivery Org & Markets, Healthcare Cost & Utilizat Project, Rockville, MD USA. [Bartholomew, Michael L.] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Rockville, MD USA. RP Gounder, PP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM pgounder@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Indian Health Service; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study received in-kind support (no grant support) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Indian Health Service, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Preliminary results from this study were presented at the 16th International Congress on Circumpolar Health, Oulu, Finland, June 10, 2015. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0033-3549 EI 1468-2877 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 132 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1177/0033354916679807 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EI3AW UT WOS:000392363100012 PM 28005485 ER PT J AU Aholou, TM Nanin, J Drumhiller, K Sutton, MY AF Aholou, Tiffiany M. Nanin, Jose Drumhiller, Kathryn Sutton, Madeline Y. TI Opportunities for HIV Prevention Communication During Sexual Encounters with Black Men Who Have Sex with Men SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; black/African American; men who have sex with men; communication ID NEW-YORK-CITY; CONDOM USE; REJECTION SENSITIVITY; SEROPOSITIVE MEN; UNITED-STATES; POSITIVE MEN; SAFER SEX; GAY MEN; RISK; DISCLOSURE AB Conversations about HIV prevention before engaging in sex may result in safer sex practices and decreased HIV transmission. However, partner communication for HIV prevention has been understudied among black/African American men who have sex with men (BMSM), a group that is disproportionately affected by HIV. We explored and described encounters and perceptions about HIV prevention conversations among BMSM and their sex partner(s) in New York City. We conducted an inductive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with BMSM who reported sex with a man in the previous 3 months. Interviews were professionally transcribed; Nvivo was used for data analysis. Twenty-two BMSM were included in this analysis; median age = 29.1 years; 71.4% self-identified as MSM; 85.7% were ever HIV tested; and 52.6% reported no disclosure or discussion about HIV status with their previous sex partner. The main themes were: (1) missed opportunities for HIV prevention conversations (e.g., no HIV prevention conversations or HIV prevention conversations after sex had occurred); (2) barriers to HIV prevention conversations (e.g., being in the moment; not wanting to pause); (3) emotional thoughts after sex (e.g., feeling worried about possible HIV exposure); and (4) rethinking relationships and sexual health (e.g., changed sex practices by asking partners' HIV status before sex; started using condoms). These findings offer insight into HIV prevention conversations by BMSM around the time of or during sexual encounters and may inform and strengthen partner-level HIV prevention communication interventions for BMSM. C1 [Aholou, Tiffiany M.; Drumhiller, Kathryn; Sutton, Madeline Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Nanin, Jose] CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Community Hlth Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Drumhiller, Kathryn] LifeSource Biomed LLC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sutton, MY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM msutton@cdc.gov FU Center for HIV Educational Studies and Training; Gay Men of African Descent; CDC's Minority HIV/AIDS Research Initiative [U01PS000677] FX The authors thank the men who participated, the Center for HIV Educational Studies and Training, and the Gay Men of African Descent for their participation in and support of this study. This study was supported with CDC's Minority HIV/AIDS Research Initiative award no. U01PS000677. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 EI 1557-7449 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD JAN PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1089/apc.2016.0220 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA EH0ZV UT WOS:000391494000005 PM 27893276 ER PT J AU Goodman, RA Lochner, KA Thambisetty, M Wingo, TS Posner, SF Ling, SM AF Goodman, Richard A. Lochner, Kimberly A. Thambisetty, Madhav Wingo, Thomas S. Posner, Samuel F. Ling, Shari M. TI Prevalence of dementia subtypes in United States Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, 2011-2013 SO ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; Dementia; Epidemiology; Medicare; Prevalence; Subtypes ID IDENTIFYING ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPACT; VASCULAR DEMENTIA; CLINICAL-CRITERIA; PRIMARY-CARE; LEWY BODIES; CLAIMS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ACCURACY; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Introduction: Rapid growth of the older adult population requires greater epidemiologic characterization of dementia. We developed national prevalence estimates of diagnosed dementia and subtypes in the highest risk United States (US) population. Methods: We analyzed Centers for Medicare & Medicaid administrative enrollment and claims data for 100% of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries enrolled during 2011-2013 and age >= 68 years as of December 31, 2013 (n = 21.6 million). Results: Over 3.1 million (14.4%) beneficiaries had a claim for a service and/or treatment for any dementia subtype. Dementia not otherwise specified was the most common diagnosis (present in 92.9%). The most common subtype was Alzheimer's (43.5%), followed by vascular (14.5%), Lewy body (5.4%), frontotemporal (1.0%), and alcohol induced (0.7%). The prevalence of other types of diagnosed dementia was 0.2%. Discussion: This study is the first to document concurrent prevalence of primary dementia subtypes among this US population. The findings can assist in prioritizing dementia research, clinical services, and caregiving resources. (C) 2016 the Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Goodman, Richard A.; Posner, Samuel F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Goodman, Richard A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lochner, Kimberly A.; Ling, Shari M.] Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. [Thambisetty, Madhav] NIA, Clin & Translat Neurosci Unit, Lab Behav Neurosci, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Wingo, Thomas S.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol & Human Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wingo, Thomas S.] Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Div Neurol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goodman, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Goodman, RA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM rgood02@emory.edu FU Department of Veteran's Affairs; National Institutes of Health FX To the best of our knowledge, no conflict of interest, financial, or other exists. Work related to this article by R.A.G, K.A.L., M.T., S.F.P., and S.M.L. was carried out in their official capacities as employees of the federal government and their respective HHS federal agencies. T.W.'s work is supported by grants from the Department of Veteran's Affairs and the National Institutes of Health. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official positions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or Department of Veterans Affairs. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1552-5260 EI 1552-5279 J9 ALZHEIMERS DEMENT JI Alzheimers. Dement. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 13 IS 1 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.04.002 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA EH6VP UT WOS:000391912300004 PM 27172148 ER PT J AU Pathmanathan, I Pevzner, E Cavanaugh, J Nelson, L AF Pathmanathan, Ishani Pevzner, Eric Cavanaugh, Joseph Nelson, Lisa TI Addressing tuberculosis in differentiated care provision for people living with HIV SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pathmanathan, Ishani; Pevzner, Eric; Cavanaugh, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV & TB, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailbox E-04, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Nelson, Lisa] Off Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. RP Pathmanathan, I (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV & TB, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailbox E-04, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ydi6@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 EI 1564-0604 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 95 IS 1 BP 3 EP 3 DI 10.2471/BLT.16.187021 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EH8RR UT WOS:000392040500002 PM 28053356 ER PT J AU Salama, P Fleck, F AF Salama, Peter Fleck, Fiona TI WHO's new emergencies programme bridges two worlds SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT News Item C1 [Salama, Peter] WHO, New Hlth Emergencies Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. [Salama, Peter] United Nations Childrens Fund UNICEF, New York, NY USA. [Salama, Peter] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Salama, Peter] Tufts Univ, Nutr, Medford, MA USA. RP Salama, P (reprint author), WHO, New Hlth Emergencies Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 EI 1564-0604 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 95 IS 1 BP 8 EP 9 DI 10.2471/BLT.17.030117 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EH8RR UT WOS:000392040500009 ER PT J AU Qadir, XV Clyne, M Lam, TK Khoury, MJ Schully, SD AF Qadir, Ximena V. Clyne, Mindy Lam, Tram Kim Khoury, Muin J. Schully, Sheri D. TI Trends in published meta-analyses in cancer research, 2008-2013 SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Meta-analysis; Database; Epidemiology; Clinical trials ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB In order to capture trends in the contribution of epidemiology to cancer research, we describe an online meta-analysis database resource for cancer clinical and population research and illustrate trends and descriptive detail of cancer meta-analyses from 2008 through 2013. A total of 4,686 cancer meta-analyses met our inclusion criteria. During this 6-year period, a fivefold increase was observed in the yearly number of meta-analyses. Fifty-six percent of meta-analyses concerned observational studies, mostly of cancer risk, more than half of which were genetic studies. The major cancer sites were breast, colorectal, and digestive. This online database for Cancer Genomics and Epidemiology Navigator will be continuously updated to allow investigators to quickly navigate the meta-analyses emerging from cancer epidemiology studies and cancer clinical trials. C1 [Qadir, Ximena V.; Lam, Tram Kim; Khoury, Muin J.; Schully, Sheri D.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, 6100 Execut Blvd,Suite 2B03, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Clyne, Mindy] Kelly Govt Serv, Troy, MI USA. [Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schully, Sheri D.] NIH, Off Dis Prevent, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Schully, SD (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, 6100 Execut Blvd,Suite 2B03, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.; Schully, SD (reprint author), NIH, Off Dis Prevent, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM schullys@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 OD999999] NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 EI 1573-7225 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD JAN PY 2017 VL 28 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s10552-016-0830-6 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EH9CQ UT WOS:000392069700002 PM 27900614 ER PT J AU Qin, X Tangka, FKL Guy, GP Howard, DH AF Qin, Xuanzi Tangka, Florence K. L. Guy, Gery P., Jr. Howard, David H. TI Mammography rates after the 2009 revision to the United States Preventive Services Task Force breast cancer screening recommendation SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Breast cancer; USPSTF; Mammography screening; Prevention guideline; Claims data ID MEDICARE CLAIMS DATA; WOMEN; GUIDELINES; SOCIETY; UPDATE; TRENDS; IMPACT AB In 2009, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against routine mammography screening for women aged 40-49 years. This revised recommendation was widely criticized and has sparked off intense debate. The objectives of this study are to examine the impact of the revised recommendation on the proportion of women receiving mammograms and how the effect varied by age. We identified women who had continuous health insurance coverage and who did not have breast cancer between 2008 and 2011 in the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims Databases using mammogram procedure codes. Using women aged 50-59 years as a control group, we used a differences-in-differences approach to estimate the impact of the revised recommendation on the proportion of women ages 40-49 years who received at least one mammogram. We also compared the age-specific changes in the proportion of women ages 35-59 years who were screened before and after the release of the revised recommendation. The proportion of women screened among the 40-49 and 50-59 age groups were 58.5 and 62.5%, respectively, between 2008 and 2009, and 56.9 and 62.0%, respectively, between 2010 and 2011. After 2009, the proportion of women screened declined by 1.2 percentage point among women aged 40-49 years (P < 0.01). The proportion of women screened decreased for all ages, and decreases were larger among women closer to the 40-year threshold. The 2009 USPSTF breast cancer recommendation was followed by a small reduction in the proportion of insured women aged 40-49 years who were screened. Reductions were larger among women at the younger end of the age range, who presumably had less prior experience with mammography than women nearing 50. C1 [Qin, Xuanzi] Univ Minnesota, Div Hlth Policy & Management, Room A369,Mayo Bldg 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Tangka, Florence K. L.; Guy, Gery P., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Howard, David H.] Emory Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Qin, X (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Hlth Policy & Management, Room A369,Mayo Bldg 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM qinxx118@umn.edu; fbt9@cdc.gov; irm2@cdc.gov; david.howard@emory.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under an Interagency Personnel Agreement FX Dr. Howard is partially supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under an Interagency Personnel Agreement. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 EI 1573-7225 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD JAN PY 2017 VL 28 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s10552-016-0835-1 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EH9CQ UT WOS:000392069700005 PM 28025762 ER PT J AU Quader, ZS Gillespie, C Sliwa, SA Ahuja, JKC Burdg, JP Moshfegh, A Pehrsson, PR Gunn, JP Mugavero, K Cogswell, ME AF Quader, Zerleen S. Gillespie, Cathleen Sliwa, Sarah A. Ahuja, Jaspreet K. C. Burdg, Jinee P. Moshfegh, Alanna Pehrsson, Pamela R. Gunn, Janelle P. Mugavero, Kristy Cogswell, Mary E. TI Sodium Intake among US. School-Aged Children: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012 SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article DE Sodium; Salt; School; Child; Adolescent ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; DIETARY-SODIUM; UNITED-STATES; HYPERTENSION; ADOLESCENTS; AMERICAN; RECOMMENDATIONS; DIFFERENCE; POTASSIUM; ADULTHOOD AB Background Identifying current major dietary sources of sodium can enhance strategies to reduce excess sodium intake, which occurs among 90% of US school-aged children. Objective To describe major food sources, places obtained, and eating occasions contributing to sodium intake among US school-aged children. Design Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants/setting A nationally representative sample of 2,142 US children aged 6 to 18 years who completed a 24-hour dietary recall. Main outcome measures Population proportions of sodium intake from major food categories, places, and eating occasions. Statistical analyses performed Statistical analyses accounted for the complex survey design and sampling. Wald F tests and t tests were used to examine differences between subgroups. Results Average daily sodium intake was highest among adolescents aged. 14 to 18 years (3,565 120 mg), lowest among girls (2,919 74 mg). Little variation was seen in average intakes or the top five sodium contributors by sociodemographic characteristics or weight status. Ten food categories contributed to almost half (48%) of US school-aged children's sodium intake, and included pizza, Mexican-mixed dishes, sandwiches, breads, cold cuts, soups, savory snacks, cheese, plain milk, and poultry. More than 80 food categories contributed to the other half of children's sodium intake. Foods obtained from stores contributed 58% of sodium intake, fast-food/pizza restaurants contributed 16%, and school cafeterias contributed 10%. Thirty-nine percent of sodium intake was consumed at dinner, 31% at lunch, 16% from snacks, and 14% at breakfast. Conclusions With the exception of plain milk, which naturally contains sodium, the top 10 food categories contributing to US schoolchildren's sodium intake during 2011-2012 comprised foods in which sodium is added during processing or preparation. Sodium is consumed throughout the day from multiple foods and locations, highlighting the importance of sodium reduction across the US food supply. C1 [Quader, Zerleen S.] IHRC Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gillespie, Cathleen; Mugavero, Kristy; Cogswell, Mary E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sliwa, Sarah A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gunn, Janelle P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Policy, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ahuja, Jaspreet K. C.; Pehrsson, Pamela R.] USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Moshfegh, Alanna] USDA, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Burdg, Jinee P.] USDA, Food & Nutr Serv, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Quader, ZS (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-77, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ZQuader@cdc.gov FU Research Participation Program for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This project was supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an agreement between the Department of Energy and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 EI 2212-2680 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 117 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.010 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EH1IZ UT WOS:000391519900006 PM 27818138 ER PT J AU Creanga, AA Callaghan, WM AF Creanga, Andreea A. Callaghan, William M. TI Recent Increases in the US Maternal Mortality Rate: Disentangling Trends From Measurement Issues SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Creanga, Andreea A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Creanga, Andreea A.; Callaghan, William M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Creanga, AA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.; Creanga, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 129 IS 1 BP 206 EP 207 DI 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001831 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EH7KO UT WOS:000391951900035 PM 28002295 ER PT J AU McAfee, T Davis, KC Shafer, P Patel, D Alexander, R Bunnell, R AF McAfee, Tim Davis, Kevin C. Shafer, Paul Patel, Deesha Alexander, Robert Bunnell, Rebecca TI Increasing the dose of television advertising in a national antismoking media campaign: results from a randomised field trial SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID SMOKING PREVENTION CAMPAIGNS; UNITED-STATES; CESSATION; EXPOSURE; IMPACT; PREVALENCE; INTENTIONS; INTERNET; BELIEFS; TESTS AB Background While antismoking media campaigns have demonstrated effectiveness, less is known about the country-level effects of increased media dosing. The 2012 US Tips From Former Smokers (Tips) campaign generated approximately 1.6 million quit attempts overall; however, the specific dose-response from the campaign was only assessed by self-report. Objective Assess the impact of higher ad exposure during the 2013 Tips campaign on quit-related behaviours and intentions, campaign awareness, communication about campaign, and disease knowledge. Methods A 3-month national media buy was supplemented within 67 (of 190) randomly selected local media markets. Higher-dose markets received media buys 3 times that of standard-dose markets. We compared outcomes of interest using data collected via web-based surveys from nationally representative, address-based probability samples of 5733 cigarette smokers and 2843 non-smokers. Results In higher-dose markets, 87.2% of smokers and 83.9% of non-smokers recalled television campaign exposure versus 75.0% of smokers and 73.9% of nonsmokers in standard-dose markets. Among smokers overall, the relative quit attempt rate was 11% higher in higher-dose markets (38.8% vs 34.9%; p< 0.04). The higher-dose increase was larger in African-Americans (50.9% vs 31.8%; p< 0.01). Smokers in higher-dose markets without a mental health condition, with a chronic health condition, or with only some college education made quit attempts at a higher rate than those in standard-dose markets. Non-smokers in higher-dose markets were more likely to talk with family or friends about smoking dangers (43.1% vs 35.7%; p< 0.01) and had greater knowledge of smoking-related diseases. Conclusions The US 2013 Tips antismoking media campaign compared standard and higher doses by randomisation of local media markets. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of a higher dose for engaging non-smokers and further increasing quit attempts among smokers, especially African-Americans. C1 [McAfee, Tim; Patel, Deesha; Alexander, Robert; Bunnell, Rebecca] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Davis, Kevin C.; Shafer, Paul] RTI Int, Ctr Hlth Policy Sci & Tobacco Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP McAfee, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mtt4@cdc.gov FU US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 EI 1468-3318 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD JAN PY 2017 VL 26 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052517 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EH0FP UT WOS:000391439000011 PM 26678518 ER PT J AU Simon, AE Boss, EF Zelaya, CE Hoffman, HJ AF Simon, Alan E. Boss, Emily F. Zelaya, Carla E. Hoffman, Howard J. TI Racial and Ethnic Differences in Receipt of Pressure Equalization Tubes Among US Children, 2014 SO ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE disparities; grommets; pressure-equalizing tubes; tympanostomy tubes; ventilation tubes ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; TYMPANOSTOMY TUBES; UNITED-STATES; EFFICACY AB OBJECTIVE: Pressure equalization tube (PET) placement (also referred to as tympanostomy tube placement) is among the most common ambulatory surgical procedures performed on US children. More than 20 years ago, differences according to race/ethnicity in the national prevalence of having had PETs placed were documented. Whether these differences persist is unknown. METHODS: We used data from the 2014 National Health Interview Survey to examine the percentage of children 0 to 17 years of age who have ever undergone PET placement. Unadjusted logistic regression with predictive margins was used to assess the relationship between having received PETs and race/ethnicity, as well as other clinical, socioeconomic, and geographic factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether other factors could account for any observed differences according to race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Overall, 8.9% of children 0 to 17 years of age had undergone PET surgery. By race/ethnicity, 12.6% of non-Hispanic white children received PETs, which was significantly greater than the 4.8% of non-Hispanic black, 4.4% of Hispanic, and 5.6% of non-Hispanic other/multiple race children who had this surgery (P < .001 for all comparisons). In multivariable analysis, the adjusted prevalence for non Hispanic white children (10.8%) was greater than for non Hispanic black (5.4%) and Hispanic (5.8%) children (P < .001 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 9% of US children have had PETs placed. Non-Hispanic white children still have a greater prevalence of PET placement compared with non-Hispanic black and Hispanic children. These differences could not be fully explained by other demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, or geographic differences between racial/ethnic groups. C1 [Simon, Alan E.; Zelaya, Carla E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Boss, Emily F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Hoffman, Howard J.] Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Epidemiol & Stat Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Simon, AE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 6122, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM aes360@hotmail.com FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, United States Department of Health and Human Services; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [1K08 HS22932-01]; Johns Hopkins Clinician Scientist Award; American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology Career Development Award FX Financial Disclosure: No funding or research support was received specifically for this research or for preparation of this report. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, United States Department of Health and Human Services funded the supplement to the NHIS upon which this research project was based. E.F.B. is supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Grant 1K08 HS22932-01, the Johns Hopkins Clinician Scientist Award, and the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology Career Development Award. No sponsor had any role in study design, analysis, or interpretation of the data, writing of the report, or the decision to submit the article for publication. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official positions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, or the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1876-2859 EI 1876-2867 J9 ACAD PEDIATR JI Acad. Pediatr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 BP 88 EP 94 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA EG9AJ UT WOS:000391349100013 PM 27422495 ER PT J AU Schuchat, A AF Schuchat, Anne TI The CDC's Recommendations to Help Prevent Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; DRINKING C1 [Schuchat, Anne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aschuchat@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X EI 1532-0650 J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 1 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EG9BG UT WOS:000391351400001 PM 28075101 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Zemel, BS Ogden, CL AF Freedman, David S. Zemel, Babette S. Ogden, Cynthia L. TI Secular trends for skinfolds differ from those for BMI and waist circumference among adults examined in NHANES from 1988-1994 through 2009-2010 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BMI; NHANES; secular trends; skinfolds; waist circumference ID POISSON REGRESSION APPROACH; BODY-FAT; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; PREDICTION; INCREASES; FATNESS; IMPUTATION; ADIPOSITY AB Background: Although the prevalence of a body mass index [BMI (in kg/m(2))] >= 30 has tripled among US adults since the 1960s, BMI is only moderately correlated with body fatness. Because skinfolds can more accurately estimate body fatness than can BMI, it is possible that skinfolds could be useful in monitoring secular trends in body fatness. Objective: We examined whether there were similar secular trends for skinfolds (triceps and subscapular), BMI, and waist circumference between US adults. Design: This study was an analysis of 45,754 adults who participated in the NHANES from 1988-1994 through 2009-2010. Approximately 19% of the subjects were missing >= 1 skinfold-thickness measurement. These missing values were imputed from other characteristics. Results: Trends in mean levels and in the prevalence of high levels of the 4 body size measures were fairly similar between men, with mean levels increasing by >= 5% from 1988-1994 through 2009-2010. Slightly larger increases were seen in women for BMI and waist circumference (7-8%), but trends in skinfolds were markedly different. The mean triceps skinfold, for example, increased by 2 mm through 2003-2004, but subsequently decreased so that the mean in 2009-2010 did not differ from that in 1988-1994. Compared with obese women in 1988-1994, the mean BMI of obese women in 2009-2010 was 1 higher, but mean levels of both skin folds were 5-10% lower. Conclusions: Although there were fairly similar trends in levels of BMI, waist circumference, and skinfold thicknesses in men in the United States from 1988-1994 through 2009-2010, there were substantial differences in women. Our results indicate that it is unlikely that skinfold thicknesses could be used to monitor trends in obesity. C1 [Freedman, David S.] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zemel, Babette S.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ogden, Cynthia L.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM 3.14david@gmail.com OI Zemel, Babette/0000-0002-6164-7348 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 105 IS 1 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.3945/ajcn.116.135574 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EG8YU UT WOS:000391344400021 PM 27806976 ER PT J AU Hawkins, NA Soman, A Lunsford, NB Leadbetter, S Rodriguez, JL AF Hawkins, Nikki A. Soman, Ashwini Lunsford, Natasha Buchanan Leadbetter, Steven Rodriguez, Juan L. TI Use of Medications for Treating Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Survivors in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; BREAST-CANCER; OLDER-ADULTS; CARE; METAANALYSIS; DIAGNOSIS; DISTRESS; ASSOCIATIONS AB Purpose This study used population-based data to estimate the percentage of cancer survivors in the United States reporting current medication use for anxiety and depression and to characterize the survivors taking this type of medication. Rates of medication use in cancer survivors were compared with rates in the general population. Methods We analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey, years 2010 to 2013, identifying cancer survivors (n = 3,184) and adults with no history of cancer (n = 44,997) who completed both the Sample Adult Core Questionnaire and the Adult Functioning and Disability Supplement. Results Compared with adults with no history of cancer, cancer survivors were significantly more likely to report taking medication for anxiety (16.8% v 8.6%, P,. 001), depression (14.1% v 7.8%, P,. 001), and one or both of these conditions combined (19.1% v 10.4%, P,.001), indicating that an estimated 2.5 million cancer survivors were taking medication for anxiety or depression in the United States at that time. Survivor characteristics associated with higher rates of medication use for anxiety included being younger than 65 years old, female, and non-Hispanic white, and having public insurance, a usual source of medical care, and multiple chronic health conditions. Survivor characteristics associated with medication use for depression were largely consistent with those for anxiety, with the exceptions that insurance status was not significant, whereas being widowed/ divorced/separated was associated with more use. Conclusion Cancer survivors in the United States reported medication use for anxiety and depression at rates nearly two times those reported by the general public, likely a reflection of greater emotional and physical burdens from cancer or its treatment. (C) 2016 by American Society of Clinical Oncology C1 [Hawkins, Nikki A.; Lunsford, Natasha Buchanan; Leadbetter, Steven; Rodriguez, Juan L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Soman, Ashwini] Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hawkins, NA (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS F75, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nhawkins@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 35 IS 1 BP 78 EP + DI 10.1200/JCO.2016.67.7690 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA EG9LV UT WOS:000391381300013 PM 28034075 ER PT J AU Coleman, EW AF Coleman, Erik W. TI CDC Takes Action to Improve the Reporting of Environmental Assessment Data During Foodborne Illness Outbreak Investigations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB NEHA strives to provide up-to-date and relevant information on environmental health and to build partnerships in the profession. In pursuit of these goals, we feature a column from the Environmental Health Services Branch (EHSB) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in every issue of the Journal. In these columns, EHSB and guest authors share insights and information about environmental health programs, trends, issues, and resources. The conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of CDC. Erik Coleman is a health scientist in informatics with EHSB. C1 [Coleman, Erik W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-58, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coleman, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-58, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ecoleman@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 79 IS 6 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG7QC UT WOS:000391242900006 ER PT J AU Little, KM Taylor, AW Borkowf, CB Mendoza, MCB Lampe, MA Weidle, PJ Nesheim, SR AF Little, Kristen M. Taylor, Allan W. Borkowf, Craig B. Mendoza, Maria C. B. Lampe, Margaret A. Weidle, Paul J. Nesheim, Steven R. TI Perinatal Antiretroviral Exposure and Prevented Mother-to-child HIV Infections in the Era of Antiretroviral Prophylaxis in the United States, 1994-2010 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HIV; perinatal; antiretroviral; prevention of mother-to-child transmission ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR EXPOSURE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; UNINFECTED CHILDREN; INCREASED RISK; PRETERM BIRTH; TRANSMISSION; WOMEN; PREGNANCY AB Objectives: Using published, nationally-representative estimates, we calculated the total number of perinatally HIV-exposed and HIV-infected infants born during 1978-2010, the number of perinatal HIV cases prevented by interventions designed for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), and the number of infants exposed to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs during the prenatal and intrapartum periods. Design: We calculated the number of infants exposed to ARV drugs since 1994, and the number of cases of mother-to-child HIV transmission prevented from 1994 to 2010 using published data. We generated confidence limits for our estimates by performing a simulation study. Methods: Data were obtained from published, nationally-representative estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Model parameters included the annual numbers of HIV-infected pregnant women, the annual numbers of perinatally infected infants, the annual proportions of infants exposed to ARV drugs during the prenatal and intrapartum period and the estimated MTCT rate in the absence of preventive interventions. For the simulation study, model parameters were assigned distributions and we performed 1,000,000 repetitions. Results: Between 1978 and 2010, an estimated 186,157 [95% confidence interval (CI): 185,312-187,003] HIV-exposed infants and approximately 21,003 (95% CI: 20,179-21,288) HIV-infected infants were born in the United States. Between 1994 and 2010, an estimated 124,342 (95% CI: 123,651-125,034) HIV-exposed infants were born in the US, and approximately 6083 (95% CI: 5931-6236) infants were perinatally infected with HIV. During this same period, about 100,207 (95% CI: 99,374-101,028) infants were prenatally exposed to ARV drugs. As a result of PMTCT interventions, an estimated 21,956 (95% CI: 20,191-23,759) MTCT HIV cases have been prevented in the United States since 1994. Conclusion: Although continued vigilance is needed to eliminate mother-to-child HIV transmission, PMTCT interventions have prevented nearly 22,000 cases of perinatal HIV transmission in the United States since 1994. C1 [Little, Kristen M.; Taylor, Allan W.; Lampe, Margaret A.; Weidle, Paul J.; Nesheim, Steven R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Washington, DC USA. [Little, Kristen M.; Taylor, Allan W.; Lampe, Margaret A.; Weidle, Paul J.; Nesheim, Steven R.] Natl Ctr Viral Hepatitis HIV AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Prevent NCHHSTP, DHAP, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Borkowf, Craig B.; Mendoza, Maria C. B.] CDC, NCHHSTP, DHAP, Quantitat Sci & Data Management Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Little, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Populat Serv Int, 1120 19th St NW,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM klittle@psi.org NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0891-3668 EI 1532-0987 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 36 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1097/INF.0000000000001355 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA EG7TU UT WOS:000391259900018 PM 27749662 ER PT J AU Theis, KA Brady, TJ Helmick, CG AF Theis, Kristina A. Brady, Teresa J. Helmick, Charles G. TI No One Dies of Old Age Anymore: A Coordinated Approach to Comorbidities and the Rheumatic Diseases SO ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID ATTRIBUTABLE ACTIVITY LIMITATION; MULTIPLE CHRONIC CONDITIONS; DOCTOR-DIAGNOSED ARTHRITIS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; POTENTIAL BARRIER; US ADULTS; PREVALENCE; HEALTH C1 [Theis, Kristina A.; Brady, Teresa J.; Helmick, Charles G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Helmick, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arthrit Program, 4770 Buford Hwy,F78, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM chelmick@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2151-464X EI 2151-4658 J9 ARTHRIT CARE RES JI Arthritis Care Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 69 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1002/acr.23114 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA EG4VO UT WOS:000391042000001 PM 27723262 ER PT J AU Racsa, LD DeLeon-Carnes, M Hiskey, M Guarner, J AF Racsa, Lori D. DeLeon-Carnes, Marlene Hiskey, Matthew Guarner, Jeannette TI Identification of bacterial pathogens from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by using 16S sequencing: retrospective correlation of results to clinicians' responses SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 16S; Bacterial sequencing; Paraffin samples; Bacteria; Infection ID PCR; DNA; DIAGNOSIS; UTILITY; SAMPLES; SET AB 16S sequencing on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) material has been used to identify bacteria when culture-based phenotyping techniques have not worked. The objective of this study was to determine how frequently 16S sequencing used in FFPE material was helpful to clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Requests for testing occurred upon consultation between an infectious. disease pathologist and a surgical pathologist or an infectious disease physician. A selected paraffin block from each case was referred for 16S sequencing. Retrospectively, we correlated clinical history and management decisions on 27 cases that were tested by paneubacterial 16S sequencing. Samples included 24 surgical specimens, 1 autopsy, and 2 cytology blocks. Seventeen (63%) of the 27 cases had a positive 16S sequencing. Acute inflammation was present in 10 of these cases, and organisms were observed using special stains in 3. In 11 (65%) of the 17 cases, clinicians considered the organism identified by 16S sequencing to be the cause or possible cause of the infectious process. Organisms included common (Citrobacter) and fastidious bacteria (Haemophilus, Fusobacterium). In 3 cases, clinicians changed antibiotic treatment based on the bacteria identified, whereas in 8 (including 2 where no organism was found), clinicians continued the antibiotic treatment. The use of 16S sequencing on FFPE identified specific bacteria even when organisms were not observed histopathologically. 16S results had an impact in infectious disease management decisions. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Racsa, Lori D.; Hiskey, Matthew; Guarner, Jeannette] Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [DeLeon-Carnes, Marlene] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Racsa, Lori D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Pathol, Peoria, IL USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM Ldracsa@gmail.com; mld7@cdc.gov; matthew.hiskey@emory.edu; jguarne@emory.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0046-8177 EI 1532-8392 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 59 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.09.015 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA EG5LC UT WOS:000391084300018 PM 27717884 ER PT J AU Anderson, JL Apostoaei, AI AF Anderson, Jeri L. Apostoaei, A. Iulian TI Method for analyzing left-censored bioassay data in large cohort studies SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE left-censored data; detection limit; censored bioassay data; intake estimation ID SAMPLES; LESS AB In retrospective epidemiological studies of large cohorts of workers exposed to radioactive materials, it is often necessary to analyze large numbers of bioassay data sets containing censored values, or values recorded as less than a detection limit. Censored bioassay data create problems for all bioassay analysis methods, including analytical techniques based on least-squares regression to estimate intakes. A method is presented here that uses a simple empirically-derived equation for imputing replacement values for urine uranium concentration results reported as zero or less than a detection limit, that produces minimal bias in intakes estimated using least-square regression methods with the assumption of lognormally distributed measurement errors. C1 [Anderson, Jeri L.] NIOSH, DSHEFS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Apostoaei, A. Iulian] Oak Ridge Ctr Risk Anal, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Anderson, JL (reprint author), 1090 Tusculum Ave,MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. EM JLAnderson@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1038/jes.2015.36 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA EG5KH UT WOS:000391082200001 PM 25967066 ER PT J AU Adetona, O Simpson, CD Li, Z Sjodin, A Calafat, AM Naeher, LP AF Adetona, Olorunfemi Simpson, Christopher D. Li, Zheng Sjodin, Andreas Calafat, Antonia M. Naeher, Luke P. TI Hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as biomarkers of exposure to wood smoke in wildland firefighters SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomarker; biomonitoring; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; vegetative biomass smoke; wildland fire smoke; wildland firefighters ID CARBON-MONOXIDE EXPOSURES; INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; URINARY LEVOGLUCOSAN; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; WOODSMOKE EXPOSURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FINE PARTICLES; BIOMASS SMOKE; EMISSION AB Wildland firefighter's exposure to wildland fire or vegetative biomass smoke has mostly been assessed by personal monitoring to airborne pollutants. However, the use of biomarkers may accurately reflect the internal (systemic) dose received by the firefighter. In this study, we assessed occupational exposure to wildland fire smoke in 14 wildland firefighters working at "prescribed burns at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina by measuring the urinary concentrations of nine hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs). Except for 1-hydroxynaphthalene, preshift median concentrations of the OH-PAHs were higher compared with the median concentrations reported among the US general population, indicating elevated exposures to PAHs among the wildland firefighters during the prescribed burn season. The postshift concentrations of OH-PAHs were 83-323% (P < 0.0001) higher compared with the preshift concentrations. Higher postshift concentrations of individual OH-PAHs were observed in 49 (87.5%) to 53 (94.6%) of all the 56 pre-post sample pairs. Additionally, the cross-shift (pre- to postshift) increase in 4-hydroxy-phenanthrene urinary concentration was marginally associated (P < 0.1) with work shift exposure to PM2.5 and significantly associated (P < 0.05) with levoglucosan, which is a marker of wildland fire or vegetative biomass smoke. These results suggest that OH-PAHs, especially 4PHE, may be useful biomarkers of wildland fire smoke exposure. C1 [Adetona, Olorunfemi; Naeher, Luke P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Adetona, Olorunfemi] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Simpson, Christopher D.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Li, Zheng; Sjodin, Andreas; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Naeher, LP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lnaeher@uga.edu FU National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health [OH 009274] FX We gratefully acknowledge John Blake for support and collaboration in our wildland fire smoke related exposure research; Jeff Prevey, Paul Linse, Mark Frizzel, Dan Shea, Chris Hobson and the wildland firefighters for their support and participation in this study. This research was conducted at the SRS, which is a National Environmental Research Park. Funding of the study was through the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (OH 009274). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 27 IS 1 BP 78 EP 83 DI 10.1038/jes.2015.75 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA EG5KH UT WOS:000391082200011 PM 26555473 ER PT S AU Bellanca, JL Orr, TJ Helfrich, W Macdonald, B Navoyski, J Eiter, B AF Bellanca, Jennica L. Orr, Timothy J. Helfrich, William Macdonald, Brendan Navoyski, Jason Eiter, Brianna BE Duffy, VG TI Assessing Hazard Identification in Surface Stone Mines in a Virtual Environment SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING AND SIMULATION SE Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Digital Human Modeling and Simulation CY JUL 27-31, 2016 CL FL DE Eye tracking; Hazard recognition; Virtual reality ID REALITY AB Mine workers are expected to remain vigilant and successfully identify and mitigate hazards in both routine and non-routine locations. The goal of the current research project is to better understand how workers search and identify hazards. NIOSH researchers developed a data collection setup to measure a subject's gaze, head position, and reaction time while examining 360 degrees 2D-panoramic images at a surface mine. The data is integrated in semi real-time to determine region of interest (ROI) hit accuracy for hazards within the images. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development and implementation of the hardware and software. The following aspects of the setup will be explored in the paper: (1) environment selection, (2) image creation, (3) stimulus display, (4) synchronization, (5) gaze mapping, and (6) region of interest (ROI) hit calculation. C1 [Bellanca, Jennica L.; Orr, Timothy J.; Helfrich, William; Macdonald, Brendan; Navoyski, Jason; Eiter, Brianna] Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Min Res Div, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Bellanca, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh Min Res Div, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM JBellanca@cdc.gov; TOrr@cdc.gov; WHelfrich@cdc.gov; BMacdonald@cdc.gov; JNavoyski@cdc.gov; BEiter@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2194-5357 BN 978-3-319-41627-4; 978-3-319-41626-7 J9 ADV INTELL SYST PY 2017 VL 481 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-41627-4_20 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG6RN UT WOS:000390837100020 ER PT J AU Yiin, JH Anderson, JL Daniels, RD Bertke, SJ Fleming, DA Tollerud, DJ Tseng, CY Chen, PH Waters, KM AF Yiin, James H. Anderson, Jeri L. Daniels, Robert D. Bertke, Stephen J. Fleming, Donald A. Tollerud, David J. Tseng, Chih-Yu Chen, Pi-Hsueh Waters, Kathleen M. TI Mortality in a combined cohort of uranium enrichment workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE uranium enrichment; gaseous diffusion; absorbed organ doses; radiation; standardized mortality ratios; exposure-response ID GASEOUS-DIFFUSION-PLANT; TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; NICKEL-REFINERY WORKERS; EXTENDED-FOLLOW-UP; OAK-RIDGE; CANCER-MORTALITY; OCCUPATIONAL COHORT; MANUFACTURING PLANT; PROCESSING FACILITY; INTERNAL EXPOSURE AB ObjectiveTo examine the patterns of cause-specific mortality and relationship between internal exposure to uranium and specific causes in a pooled cohort of 29,303 workers employed at three former uranium enrichment facilities in the United States with follow-up through 2011. MethodsCause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for the full cohort were calculated with the U.S. population as referent. Internal comparison of the dose-response relation between selected outcomes and estimated organ doses was evaluated using regression models. ResultsExternal comparison with the U.S. population showed significantly lower SMRs in most diseases in the pooled cohort. Internal comparison showed positive associations of absorbed organ doses with multiple myeloma, and to a lesser degree with kidney cancer. ConclusionIn general, these gaseous diffusion plant workers had significantly lower SMRs than the U.S. population. The internal comparison however, showed associations between internal organ doses and diseases associated with uranium exposure in previous studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:96-108, 2017. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Yiin, James H.; Anderson, Jeri L.; Daniels, Robert D.; Bertke, Stephen J.; Fleming, Donald A.; Tseng, Chih-Yu; Chen, Pi-Hsueh; Waters, Kathleen M.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Tollerud, David J.] Univ Louisville, Sch Publ Hlth & Informat Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Yiin, JH (reprint author), NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1090 Tusculum Ave,MailStop R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM jcy5@cdc.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part through an inter-agency agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-3586 EI 1097-0274 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 60 IS 1 BP 96 EP 108 DI 10.1002/ajim.22668 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG1PW UT WOS:000390805700010 PM 27753121 ER PT J AU Medalla, F Gu, WD Mahon, BE Judd, M Folster, J Griffin, PM Hoekstra, RM AF Medalla, Felicita Gu, Weidong Mahon, Barbara E. Judd, Michael Folster, Jason Griffin, Patricia M. Hoekstra, Robert M. TI Estimated Incidence of Antimicrobial Drug-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections, United States, 2004-2012 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TYPHIMURIUM DEFINITIVE TYPE-104; SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM; NEWPORT INFECTIONS; FOOD ANIMALS; WINBUGS; SURVEILLANCE; CEFTRIAXONE; PATHOGENS; OUTBREAKS; OUTCOMES AB Salmonella infections are a major cause of illness in the United States. The antimicrobial agents used to treat severe infections include ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin. Antimicrobial drug resistance has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. To estimate the incidence of resistant culture-confirmed nontyphoidal Salmonella infections, we used Bayesian hierarchical models of 2004-2012 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System and Laboratory-based Enteric Disease Surveillance. We based 3 mutually exclusive resistance categories on susceptibility testing: ceftriaxone and ampicillin resistant, ciprofloxacin nonsusceptible but ceftriaxone susceptible, and ampicillin resistant but ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin susceptible. We estimated-the overall incidence of resistant infections as 1.07/100,000 person-years for ampicillin-only resistance, 0.51/100,000 person-years for ceftriaxone and ampicillin resistance, and 0.35/100,000 person-years for ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility, or approximate to 6,200 resistant culture-confirmed infections annually. These national estimates help define the magnitude of the resistance problem so that control measures can be appropriately targeted. C1 [Medalla, Felicita; Gu, Weidong; Mahon, Barbara E.; Judd, Michael; Folster, Jason; Griffin, Patricia M.; Hoekstra, Robert M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C09, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Medalla, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C09, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM fmedalla@cdc.gov FU CDC; US FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine FX This work was supported by CDC and the US FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.3201/eid2301.160771 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EG2AV UT WOS:000390836400005 PM 27983506 ER PT J AU Lam, E Al-Tamimi, W Russell, SP Butt, MOU Blanton, C Musani, AS Date, K AF Lam, Eugene Al-Tamimi, Wasan Russell, Steven Paul Butt, Muhammad Obaid-ul Islam Blanton, Curtis Musani, Altaf Sadrudin Date, Kashmira TI Oral Cholera Vaccine Coverage during an Outbreak and Humanitarian Crisis, Iraq, 2015 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MASS VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION DATA; ADVERSE EVENTS; REFUGEE CAMP; FEASIBILITY; BANGLADESH; EFFICACY; HAITI AB During November-December 2015, as part of the 2015 cholera outbreak response in Iraq, the Iraqi Ministry of Health targeted approximate to 255,000 displaced persons >= 1 year of age with 2 doses of oral cholera vaccine (OCV). All persons who received vaccines were living in selected refugee camps, internally displaced persons camps, and collective centers. We conducted a multistage cluster survey to obtain OCV coverage estimates in 10 governorates that were targeted during the campaign. In total, 1,226 household and 5,007 individual interviews were conducted. Overall, 2-dose OCV coverage in the targeted camps was 87% (95% Cl 85%-89%). Two-dose OCV coverage in the 3 northern governorates (91%; 95% Cl 87%-94%) was higher than that in the 7 southern and central governorates (80%; 95% CI 77%-82%). The experience in Iraq demonstrates that OCV campaigns can be successfully implemented as part of a comprehensive response to cholera outbreaks among high risk populations in conflict settings. C1 [Lam, Eugene; Russell, Steven Paul; Blanton, Curtis; Date, Kashmira] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Al-Tamimi, Wasan; Butt, Muhammad Obaid-ul Islam; Musani, Altaf Sadrudin] WHO, Baghdad, Iraq. [Lam, Eugene] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Immunizat, CN-21,42-09 28th St, New York, NY 11101 USA. RP Lam, E (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Immunizat, CN-21,42-09 28th St, New York, NY 11101 USA. EM elam1@health.nyc.gov FU WHO FX This coverage survey was funded by WHO. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.3201/eid2301.160881 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EG2AV UT WOS:000390836400006 PM 27983502 ER PT J AU Rainisch, G Meltzer, MI Shadomy, S Bower, WA Hubert, N AF Rainisch, Gabriel Meltzer, Martin I. Shadomy, Sean Bower, William A. Hubert, Nathaniel TI Modeling Tool for Decision Support during Early Days of an Anthrax Event SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; MASS PROPHYLAXIS; RECOMMENDATIONS; BIOTERRORISM; OUTBREAK; ATTACK; CIPROFLOXACIN; MANAGEMENT AB Health officials lack field-implementable tools for forecasting the effects that a large-scale release of Bacillus anthracis spores would have on public health and hospitals. We created a modeling tool (combining inhalational anthrax caseload projections based on initial case reports, effects of variable postexposure prophylaxis campaigns, and healthcare facility surge capacity requirements) to project hospitalizations and casualties from a newly detected inhalation anthrax event, and we examined the consequences of intervention choices. With only 3 days of case counts, the model can predict final attack sizes for simulated Sverdlovsk-like events (1979 USSR) with sufficient accuracy for decision making and confirms the value of early postexposure prophylaxis initiation. According to a baseline scenario, hospital treatment volume peaks 15 days after exposure, deaths peak earlier (day 5), and recovery peaks later (day 23). This tool gives public health, hospital, and emergency planners scenario-specific information for developing quantitative response plans for this threat. C1 [Rainisch, Gabriel; Meltzer, Martin I.; Shadomy, Sean; Bower, William A.; Hubert, Nathaniel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C18, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Hubert, Nathaniel] Weill Cornell Med Coll, New York, NY USA. [Hubert, Nathaniel] New York Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY USA. RP Rainisch, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C18, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM grainisch@cdc.gov FU CDC [081PAA895304] FX This investigation was supported in part by CDC through Interagency Professional Agreement 081PAA895304 (N.H.). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.3201/eid2301.151787 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EG2AV UT WOS:000390836400007 PM 27983505 ER PT J AU Cui, XZ Nolen, LD Sun, JF Booth, M Donaldson, L Quinn, CP Boyer, AE Hendricks, K Shadomy, S Bothma, P Judd, O McConnell, P Bower, WA Eichacker, PQ AF Cui, Xizhong Nolen, Leisha D. Sun, Junfeng Booth, Malcolm Donaldson, Lindsay Quinn, Conrad P. Boyer, Anne E. Hendricks, Katherine Shadomy, Sean Bothma, Pieter Judd, Owen McConnell, Paul Bower, William A. Eichacker, Peter Q. TI Analysis of Anthrax Immune Globulin Intravenous with Antimicrobial Treatment in Injection Drug Users, Scotland, 2009-2010 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INHALATION ANTHRAX; UNITED-STATES; LETHAL FACTOR; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION; SHOCK; CARE AB We studied anthrax immune globulin intravenous (AIG-IV) use from a 2009-2010 outbreak of Bacillus anthracis soft tissue infection in injection drug users in Scotland, UK, and we compared findings from 15 AIG-IV recipients with findings from 28 nonrecipients. Death rates did not differ significantly between recipients and nonrecipients (33% vs. 21%). However, whereas only 8 (27%) of 30 patients at low risk for death (admission sequential organ failure assessment score of 0-5) received AIG-IV, 7 (54%) of the 13 patients at high risk for death (sequential organ failure assessment score of 6-11) received treatment. AIG-IV recipients had surgery more often and, among survivors, had longer hospital stays than did nonrecipients. AIG-IV recipients were sicker than nonrecipients. This difference and the small number of higher risk patients confound assessment of AIG-IV effectiveness in this outbreak. C1 [Cui, Xizhong; Sun, Junfeng; Eichacker, Peter Q.] NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Nolen, Leisha D.; Quinn, Conrad P.; Boyer, Anne E.; Hendricks, Katherine; Shadomy, Sean; Bower, William A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Booth, Malcolm; Donaldson, Lindsay] Glasgow Royal Infirm, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Bothma, Pieter] James Paget Univ Hosp, Norfolk, VA USA. [Judd, Owen] Royal Derby Hosp, Derby, England. [McConnell, Paul] Crosshouse Hosp, Kilmarnock, Scotland. RP Eichacker, PQ (reprint author), NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Bldg 10,Rm 2C145, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM peichacker@mail.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program; Clinical Center; CDC FX The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program and the Clinical Center and by CDC. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.3201/eid2301.160608 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EG2AV UT WOS:000390836400008 PM 27983504 ER PT J AU Li, R Simmons, KB Bertolli, J Rivera-Garcia, B Cox, S Romero, L Koonin, LM Valencia-Prado, M Bracero, N Jamieson, DJ Barfield, W Moore, CA Mai, CT Korhonen, LC Frey, MT Perez-Padilla, J Torres-Munoz, R Grosse, SD AF Li, Rui Simmons, Katharine B. Bertolli, Jeanne Rivera-Garcia, Brenda Cox, Shanna Romero, Lisa Koonin, Lisa M. Valencia-Prado, Miguel Bracero, Nabal Jamieson, Denise J. Barfield, Wanda Moore, Cynthia A. Mai, Cara T. Korhonen, Lauren C. Frey, Meghan T. Perez-Padilla, Janice Torres-Munoz, Ricardo Grosse, Scott D. TI Cost-effectiveness of Increasing Access to Contraception during the Zika Virus Outbreak, Puerto Rico, 2016 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UPDATE INTERIM GUIDELINES; UNITED-STATES; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; CARE; PROGRAM; INFECTION; WOMEN; PREVENTION; WORLDWIDE; DECLINES AB We modeled the potential cost-effectiveness of increasing access to contraception in Puerto Rico during a Zika virus outbreak. The intervention is projected to cost an additional $33.5 million in family planning services and is likely to be. cost-saving for the healthcare system overall. It could reduce Zika virus related costs by $65.2 million ($2.8 million from less Zika virus testing and monitoring and $62.3 million from avoided costs of Zika virus associated microcephaly [ZAM]). The estimates are influenced by the contraception methods used, the frequency of ZAM, and the lifetime incremental cost of ZAM. Accounting for unwanted pregnancies that are prevented, irrespective of Zika virus infection, an additional $40.4 million in medical costs would be avoided through the intervention. Increasing contraceptive access for women who want to delay or avoid pregnancy in Puerto Rico during a Zika virus outbreak can substantially reduce the number of cases of ZAM and healthcare costs. C1 [Li, Rui; Simmons, Katharine B.; Bertolli, Jeanne; Cox, Shanna; Romero, Lisa; Koonin, Lisa M.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Barfield, Wanda; Moore, Cynthia A.; Mai, Cara T.; Korhonen, Lauren C.; Frey, Meghan T.; Perez-Padilla, Janice; Grosse, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Rivera-Garcia, Brenda; Valencia-Prado, Miguel; Torres-Munoz, Ricardo] Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, San Juan, PR USA. [Bracero, Nabal] Univ Puerto Rico & Puerto Rico, Sect Amer Coll Obstet & Gynecol, San Juan, PR USA. RP Li, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ruili@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.3201/eid2301.161322 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EG2AV UT WOS:000390836400010 PM 27805547 ER PT J AU Clemmons, NS McCormic, ZD Gaydos, JC Hawksworth, AW Jordan, NN AF Clemmons, Nakia S. McCormic, Zachary D. Gaydos, Joel C. Hawksworth, Anthony W. Jordan, Nikki N. TI Acute Respiratory Disease in US Army Trainees 3 Years after Reintroduction of Adenovirus Vaccine SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MILITARY RECRUITS; INFECTION; TYPE-4 AB The 1999 cessation of vaccination against adenovirus types 4 and 7 among US Army trainees resulted in reemergence of acute respiratory disease (ARD) outbreaks. The 2011 implementation of a replacement vaccine led to dramatic and sustained decreases in ARD cases, supporting continuation of vaccination in this population at high risk for ARD. C1 [Clemmons, Nakia S.; McCormic, Zachary D.; Gaydos, Joel C.; Jordan, Nikki N.] US Army Publ Hlth Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Hawksworth, Anthony W.] US Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Clemmons, Nakia S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A34, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Clemmons, Nakia S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Clemmons, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A34, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.; Clemmons, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nclemmons@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.3201/eid2301.161297 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EG2AV UT WOS:000390836400014 PM 27748651 ER PT J AU Dirlikov, E Kniss, K Major, C Thomas, D Virgen, CA Mayshack, M Asher, J Mier-y-Teran-Romero, L Salinas, JL Pastula, DM Sharp, TM Sejvar, J Johansson, MA Rivera-Garcia, B AF Dirlikov, Emilio Kniss, Krista Major, Chelsea Thomas, Dana Virgen, Cesar A. Mayshack, Marrielle Asher, Jason Mier-y-Teran-Romero, Luis Salinas, Jorge L. Pastula, Daniel M. Sharp, Tyler M. Sejvar, James Johansson, Michael A. Rivera-Garcia, Brenda TI Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Healthcare Needs during Zika Virus Transmission, Puerto Rico, 2016 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; STATES AB To assist with public health preparedness activities, we estimated the number of expected cases of Zika virus in Puerto Rico and associated healthcare needs. Estimated annual incidence is 3.2-5.1 times the baseline, and long-term care needs are predicted to be 3-5 times greater than in years with no Zika virus. C1 [Dirlikov, Emilio; Kniss, Krista; Major, Chelsea; Thomas, Dana; Mayshack, Marrielle; Mier-y-Teran-Romero, Luis; Salinas, Jorge L.; Pastula, Daniel M.; Sharp, Tyler M.; Sejvar, James; Johansson, Michael A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dirlikov, Emilio; Thomas, Dana; Mayshack, Marrielle; Rivera-Garcia, Brenda] Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, San Juan, PR USA. [Virgen, Cesar A.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Asher, Jason] Biomed Adv Res & Dev Author, Washington, DC USA. [Pastula, Daniel M.] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Dirlikov, E (reprint author), Dept Salud Oficina Epidemiol & Invest, POB 70184, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. EM GBS@salud.pr.gov OI Dirlikov, Emilio/0000-0003-4631-2643 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 134 EP 136 DI 10.3201/eid2301.161290 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EG2AV UT WOS:000390836400025 PM 27779466 ER PT J AU Whittemore, K Tate, A Illescas, A Saffa, A Collins, A Varma, JK Vora, NM AF Whittemore, Kate Tate, Anna Illescas, Alex Saffa, Alhaji Collins, Austin Varma, Jay K. Vora, Neil M. TI Zika Virus Knowledge among Pregnant Women Who Were in Areas with Active Transmission SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter AB We surveyed women in New York, New York, USA, who were in areas with active Zika virus transmission while pregnant. Of 99 women who were US residents, 30 were unaware of the government travel advisory to areas with active Zika virus transmission while pregnant, and 37 were unaware of their pregnancies during travel. C1 [Whittemore, Kate; Tate, Anna; Illescas, Alex; Saffa, Alhaji; Collins, Austin; Varma, Jay K.; Vora, Neil M.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Varma, Jay K.; Vora, Neil M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vora, NM (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 42-09 28th St, Long Isl City, NY 11101 USA. EM nvora@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 164 EP 166 DI 10.3201/eid2301.161614 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EG2AV UT WOS:000390836400038 PM 27855041 ER PT J AU Breedlove, B Meltzer, MI AF Breedlove, Byron Meltzer, Martin I. TI Extrapolation Yields Painting, Probability, and Predictions SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Breedlove, Byron; Meltzer, Martin I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C19, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Breedlove, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C19, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM wbb1@cdc.gov OI Breedlove, Byron/0000-0002-1026-1963 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 171 EP 172 DI 10.3201/eid2301.AC2301 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EG2AV UT WOS:000390836400041 ER PT J AU Crawford, S Boulet, SL Kawwass, JF Jamieson, DJ Kissin, DM AF Crawford, Sara Boulet, Sheree L. Kawwass, Jennifer F. Jamieson, Denise J. Kissin, Dmitry M. TI Cryopreserved oocyte versus fresh oocyte assisted reproductive technology cycles, United States, 2013 SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE Assisted reproductive technology (ART); egg freezing; in vitro fertilization (IVF); vitrification ID DONATION PROGRAM; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; DONOR OOCYTES; LIVE BIRTH; VITRIFICATION; EFFICIENCY; OUTCOMES AB Objective: To compare characteristics, explore predictors, and compare assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle, transfer, and pregnancy outcomes of autologous and donor cryopreserved oocyte cycles with fresh oocyte cycles. Design: Retrospective cohort study from the National ART Surveillance System. Setting: Fertility treatment centers. Patient(s): Fresh embryo cycles initiated in 2013 utilizing embryos created with fresh and cryopreserved, autologous and donor oocytes. Intervention(s): Cryopreservation of oocytes versus fresh. Main Outcomes Measure(s): Cancellation, implantation, pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth rates per cycle, transfer, and/or pregnancy. Result(s): There was no evidence of differences in cancellation, implantation, pregnancy, miscarriage, or live birth rates between autologous fresh and cryopreserved oocyte cycles. Donor cryopreserved oocyte cycles had a decreased risk of cancellation before transfer (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-0.96) as well as decreased likelihood of pregnancy (aRR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81-0.95) and live birth (aRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80-0.95); however, there was no evidence of differences in implantation, pregnancy, or live birth rates when cycles were restricted to those proceeding to transfer. Donor cryopreserved oocyte cycles proceeding to pregnancy had a decreased risk of miscarriage (aRR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58-0.97) and higher live birth rate (aRR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09) with the transfer of one embryo, but higher miscarriage rate (aRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.54) and lower live birth rate (aRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.99) with the transfer of two or more. Conclusion(s): There was no evidence of differences in ART outcomes between autologous fresh and cryopreserved oocyte cycles. There was evidence of differences in per-cycle and per-pregnancy outcomes between donor cryopreserved and fresh oocyte cycles, but not in per-transfer outcomes. (C) 2016 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine. C1 [Crawford, Sara; Boulet, Sheree L.; Kawwass, Jennifer F.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Kissin, Dmitry M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kawwass, Jennifer F.] Emory Univ, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Crawford, S (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sgv0@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 EI 1556-5653 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.10.002 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA EF9SD UT WOS:000390669600024 PM 27842997 ER PT J AU Hochgesang, M Zamudio-Haas, S Moran, L Nhampossa, L Packel, L Leslie, H Richards, J Shade, SB AF Hochgesang, Mindy Zamudio-Haas, Sophia Moran, Lissa Nhampossa, Leopoldo Packel, Laura Leslie, Hannah Richards, Janise Shade, Starley B. TI Scaling-up health information systems to improve HIV treatment: An assessment of initial patient monitoring systems in Mozambique SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Patient monitoring systems; Electronic medical records; Sub-Saharan africa; Mozambique; Health information systems; HIV ID MEDICAL-RECORD; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; FACILITIES; COUNTRIES; SETTINGS; KENYA; CARE AB Introduction: The rapid scale-up of HIV care and treatment in resource-limited countries requires concurrent, rapid development of health information systems to support quality service delivery. Mozambique, a country with an 11.5% prevalence of HIV, has developed nation-wide patient monitoring systems (PMS) with standardized reporting tools, utilized by all HIV treatment providers in paper or electronic form. Evaluation of the initial implementation of PMS can inform and strengthen future development as the country moves towards a harmonized, sustainable health information system. Objective: This assessment was conducted in order to 1) characterize data collection and reporting processes and PMS resources available and 2) provide evidence-based recommendations for harmonization and sustainability of PMS. Methods: This baseline assessment of PMS was conducted with eight non-governmental organizations that supported the Ministry of Health to provide 90% of HIV care and treatment in Mozambique. The study team conducted structured and semi-structured surveys at 18 health facilities located in all 11 provinces. Seventy-nine staff were interviewed. Deductive a priori analytic categories guided analysis. Results: Health facilities have implemented paper and electronic monitoring systems with varying success. Where in use, robust electronic PMS facilitate facility-level reporting of required indicators; improve ability to identify patients lost to follow-up; and support facility and patient management. Challenges to implementation of monitoring systems include a lack of national guidelines and norms for patient level HIS, variable system implementation and functionality, and limited human and infrastructure resources to maximize system functionality and information use. Conclusions: This initial assessment supports the need for national guidelines to harmonize, expand, and strengthen HIV-related health information systems. Recommendations may benefit other countries with similar epidemiologic and resource-constrained environments seeking to improve PMS implementation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hochgesang, Mindy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Maputo, Mozambique. [Zamudio-Haas, Sophia; Moran, Lissa] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Prevent Sci, 550 16th St,3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Nhampossa, Leopoldo] Univ Eduardo Mondlane, Direccao Registo Acad, Av Julius Nyerere 3453,R-C,CP 257, Maputo, Mozambique. [Packel, Laura] Univ Calif Off President, Calif HIV AIDS Res Program, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Leslie, Hannah] Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Sci, Prevent & Publ Hlth Grp, 550 16th St, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Richards, Janise] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shade, Starley B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Prevent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Hochgesang, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Maputo, Mozambique. EM mindyho@gmail.com; Sophia.Zamudio-Haas@ucsf.edu; lissa.moran@ucsf.edu; Jose.nhampossa@gmail.com; ljpackel@gmail.com; hleslie@hsph.harvard.edu; jrichards@cdc.gov; Starley.Shade@ucsf.edu FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [PS001468] FX This project has been supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) under the terms of PS001468. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1386-5056 EI 1872-8243 J9 INT J MED INFORM JI Int. J. Med. Inform. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 97 BP 322 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.11.002 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA EF7BQ UT WOS:000390485500031 PM 27919390 ER PT J AU Bornstein, M Ahmed, F Barrow, R Risley, JF Simmons, S Workowski, KA AF Bornstein, Marta Ahmed, Faruque Barrow, Roxanne Risley, Jami Fraze Simmons, Sheena Workowski, Kimberly A. TI Factors Associated With Primary Care Physician Knowledge of the Recommended Regimen for Treating Gonorrhea SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; DISEASES TREATMENT GUIDELINES; UNITED-STATES; PROVIDERS; ADULTS; WOMEN AB Background: The recommended regimen for treating uncomplicated gonorrhea has changed over time, due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. We assessed physician knowledge of the recommendation for treating uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea in adolescents and adults using ceftriaxone and azithromycin dual therapy. Methods: We analyzed DocStyles 2015 survey data from 1357 primary care physicians practicing for at least 3 years who provided screening, diagnosis, or treatment for sexually transmitted diseases to one or more patients in an average month. Logistic regression and chi(2) analyses were used to identify factors associated with knowledge of dual therapy. Results: Among the options of treatment with ceftriaxone alone, azithromycin alone, both of these, or spectinomycin plus levofloxacin, 64% of physicians correctly preferred ceftriaxone plus azithromycin. Knowledge of the recommended dual therapy decreased with increasing years of practice, ranging from 74% among physicians with 3-9 years of practice to 57% among those practicing for >= 24 years (adjusted odds ratio, ORa, for >= 24 vs 3-9 years of practice, 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-0.70). Knowledge of dual therapy decreased with higher socioeconomic status of patients (ORa for high income vs poor/lower middle income patients, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.69). Physicians who pursued continuing medical education using journals, podcasts, and government health agencies were more likely to report dual therapy than those who did not use these sources (ORa, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.31-3.33). Conclusions: Knowledge of the recommended regimen for treating gonorrhea decreased with increasing years of practice and with higher socioeconomic status of patients. C1 [Bornstein, Marta; Ahmed, Faruque; Barrow, Roxanne; Risley, Jami Fraze; Simmons, Sheena] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Workowski, Kimberly A.] Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Ahmed, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-03, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM fahmed@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0148-5717 EI 1537-4521 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 44 IS 1 BP 14 EP 17 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000542 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EG0BB UT WOS:000390694600004 ER PT J AU Kahle, EM Meites, E Sineath, RC Nasrullah, M Bowles, KE DiNenno, E Sullivan, PS Sanchez, T AF Kahle, Erin M. Meites, Elissa Sineath, R. Craig Nasrullah, Muazzam Bowles, Kristina E. DiNenno, Elizabeth Sullivan, Patrick S. Sanchez, Travis TI Sexually Transmitted Disease Testing and Uptake of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in a Large Online Survey of US Men Who Have Sex With Men at Risk for HIV Infection, 2012 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; HPV INFECTION; YOUNG MEN; PREVALENCE; COVERAGE; HEALTH; ADOLESCENTS; PEOPLE; SAFETY AB National guidelines recommend annual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted disease testing for sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM) and vaccination against human papillomavirus for MSM through age 26. A 2012 online survey of 2,794 MSM found that 51%, 36%, and 14% reported receiving human immunodeficiency virus testing, sexually transmitted disease testing, and human papillomavirus vaccination, respectively. C1 [Kahle, Erin M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Dept Hlth Behav & Biol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Meites, Elissa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sineath, R. Craig; Sullivan, Patrick S.; Sanchez, Travis] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Nasrullah, Muazzam; Bowles, Kristina E.; DiNenno, Elizabeth] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kahle, EM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 400N Ingalls Rd,Rm 3178, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ekahle@umich.edu OI Meites, Elissa/0000-0002-0077-2591 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0148-5717 EI 1537-4521 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 44 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000545 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EG0BB UT WOS:000390694600012 ER PT J AU Dolan, MC Breuner, NE Hojgaard, A Hoxmeier, JC Pilgard, MA Replogle, AJ Eisen, L AF Dolan, Marc C. Breuner, Nicole E. Hojgaard, Andrias Hoxmeier, J. Charles Pilgard, Mark A. Replogle, Adam J. Eisen, Lars TI Duration of Borrelia mayonii infectivity in an experimental mouse model for feeding Ixodes scapularis larvae SO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Borrelia mayonii; Ixodes scapularis; Lyme borreliosis; Outbred white mouse ID WHITE-FOOTED MICE; LYME-DISEASE; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; ANAPLASMA-PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; SYRIAN-HAMSTERS; URINARY-BLADDER; TICKS ACARI; BURGDORFERI; IXODIDAE AB A novel species within the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, Borrelia mayonii, was recently described and found to be associated with Lyme borreliosis in the Upper Midwest of the United States. The black legged tick, Ixodes scapularis, is naturally infected with B. mayonii in the Upper Midwest and has been experimentally demonstrated to serve as a vector for this spirochete. Natural vertebrate reservoirs for B. mayonii remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that an experimental spirochete host, the CD-1 strain outbred white mouse, can maintain active infection with B. mayonii for up to 1 year: infected mice consistently yielded ear biopsies containing motile spirochetes from 29 to 375 days after they were first infected via tick bite. Infection rates in resultant nymphal ticks varied greatly both over time for larvae fed on the same individual mouse at different time points after infection (2-42%) and for larvae fed on different mice at a given time point up to 8 months after infection (0-48%). Infection rates were lower in nymphs fed as larvae on mice 10-12 months after infection (2-3% for 5 mice and 9.8% for 1 mouse). In addition to ear biopsies, B. mayonii was detected from bladder, heart, and spinal cord of infected mice when they were sacrificed 163-375 days after initial infection via tick bite. Examination of blood from mice determined to be infected with B. mayonii by ear biopsy did not produce evidence of B. mayonii DNA in blood taken 8-375 days after the mice were first infected via tick bite. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Dolan, Marc C.; Breuner, Nicole E.; Hojgaard, Andrias; Hoxmeier, J. Charles; Pilgard, Mark A.; Replogle, Adam J.; Eisen, Lars] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Dis, 3156 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Eisen, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Dis, 3156 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM evp4@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1877-959X EI 1877-9603 J9 TICKS TICK-BORNE DIS JI Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.11.002 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology GA EF7GJ UT WOS:000390497800030 PM 27838290 ER PT J AU Jatlaoui, TC Riley, HEM Curtis, KM AF Jatlaoui, Tara C. Riley, Halley E. M. Curtis, Kathryn M. TI The safety of intrauterine devices among young women: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE Intrauterine device; Young women; LARC; IUD; Teens; Adolescents ID NOVA-T; CLINICAL-PERFORMANCE; NULLIPAROUS WOMEN; COPPER-T; CONTRACEPTION; COMPLICATIONS; INFECTION; RISK; AGE; ADOLESCENTS AB Objective: The objective was to determine the association between use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) by young women and risk of adverse outcomes. Methods: We searched Pubmed, CINAHL, Embase, Popline and the Cochrane Library for articles from inception of database through December 2015. For outcomes specific to IUD use (IUD expulsion and perforation), we examined effect measures for um users generally aged 25 years or younger compared with older IUD users. For outcomes of pregnancy, infection, pelvic inflammatory disease (ND), and heavy bleeding or anemia, we examined young IUD users compared with young users of other contraceptive methods or no method. Results: We identified 3169 articles of which 16 articles from 14 studies met our inclusion criteria. Six studies (Level II-2, good to poor) reported increased risk of expulsion among younger age groups compared with older age groups using copper-bearing (Cu-) IUDs. Two studies (Level II-2, fair) examined risks of expulsion among younger compared with older women using levonorgestrel-releasing (LNG-) IUDs; one reported no difference in expulsion, while the other reported increased odds for younger women. Four studies (Level II-2, good to poor) examined risk of expulsion among Cu-and LNG-IUD users combined and reported no significant differences between younger and older women. For perforation, four studies (Level II-2, fair to poor) found very low perforation rates (range; 0%-0.1%), with no significant differences between younger and older women. Pregnancies were generally rare among young IUD users in nine studies (Level I to II-2, fair to poor), and no differences were reported for young IUD users compared with young combined oral contraceptive (COC) or etonogestrel (ENG) implant users. PID was rare-among young IUD users; one study reported no cases among COC or IUD users, and one reported no difference in PlD among LNG-IUD users compared with ENG implant users from nationwide insurance claims data (Level I to II-2, fair). One study reported decreased odds of bleeding with LNG-IUD compared with COC use among young women, while one study of young women reported decreased odds of removal for bleeding with LNG-IUD compared with ENG implant (Level I to II-2, fair). Conclusion: Overall evidence suggests that the risk of adverse outcomes related to pregnancy, perforation, infection, heavy bleeding or removals for bleeding among young IUD users is low and may not be clinically meaningful. However, the risk of expulsion, especially for Cu-IUDs, is higher for younger women compared with older women. If IUD expulsion occurs, a young woman is exposed to an increased risk of unintended pregnancy if replacement contraception is not initiated. IUDs are safe for young women and provide highly effective reversible contraception. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jatlaoui, Tara C.; Riley, Halley E. M.; Curtis, Kathryn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jatlaoui, TC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tjatlaoui@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD JAN PY 2017 VL 95 IS 1 BP 17 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.10.006 PG 23 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EF1KB UT WOS:000390082600004 PM 27771475 ER PT J AU Doherty, BT Engel, SM Buckley, JP Silva, MJ Calafat, AM Wolff, MS AF Doherty, Brett T. Engel, Stephanie M. Buckley, Jessie P. Silva, Manori J. Calafat, Antonia M. Wolff, Mary S. TI Prenatal phthalate biomarker concentrations and performance on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II in a population of young urban children SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phthalates; Bayley Scales of Infant Development; Neurodevelopment Endocrine disruptor; Prenatal ID NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; THYROID-HORMONES; PREGNANT-WOMEN; EXPOSURE; URINARY; METABOLITES; CHILDHOOD; AGE; NEURODEVELOPMENT; ASSOCIATIONS AB Introduction: Evidence suggests prenatal phthalate exposures may have neurodevelopmental consequences. Our objective was to investigate prenatal exposure to phthalates and cognitive development in a cohort of young urban children. Materials and methods: We recruited pregnant women in New York City from 1998 to 2002 and measured concentrations of nine phthalate metabolites in urine collected in late pregnancy. We administered a neurodevelopmental screening instrument, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID-II), to children who returned for follow-up at approximately 24 months (n=276). We estimated associations between phthalate metabolite concentrations in maternal urine and BSID-II indices (Mental Development Index (MDI), Psychomotor Development Index (PDI)). Results: We observed no associations between phthalate metabolite concentrations and performance on the MDI or PDI in boys and girls combined. We did, however, observe evidence of effect measure modification by sex. We observed several negative associations between metabolite concentrations and both MDI and PDI scores among girls, suggesting poorer performance across multiple metabolites, with estimates equal to a 2-3 point decrease in score per In-unit increase in creatinine-standardized metabolite concentration. Conversely, we observed multiple weakly positive associations among boys, equal to a 1-2 point increase in score per In-unit increase in metabolite concentration. The strongest associations were for the metabolites mono-n-butyl phthalate, mono-isobutyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, and mono(3-carboxylpropyl) phthalate (MCPP). Conclusions: Girls of mothers with higher urinary concentrations of MCPP and metabolites of dibutyl phthalates had lower MDI scores on the BSID-II. These same biomarker concentrations were often associated with improved scores among boys. We observed similar results for MnBP, MCPP, and MBzP on the PDI. Given the prevalence of phthalate exposures in reproductive aged women, the implications of potential neurotoxicity warrant further investigation. C1 [Doherty, Brett T.; Engel, Stephanie M.; Buckley, Jessie P.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Epidemiol, 135 Dauer Dr,2101 McGavran Greenberg Hall,CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Silva, Manori J.; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Wolff, Mary S.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Prevent Med, 1 Gustave Lane,Levy Plaza, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Doherty, BT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 135 Dauer Dr,2101 McGavran Greenberg Hall,CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM bdoherty@live.unc.edu FU National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Environmental Protection Agency Children's Center [ES09584, R827039]; New York Community Trust; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Association for Prevention Teaching and Research; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [T32 ES007018] FX This research was supported by National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Environmental Protection Agency Children's Center [grant numbers ES09584 and R827039], The New York Community Trust, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Association for Prevention Teaching and Research. BTD was supported by a training grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [grant number T32 ES007018]. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 152 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.021 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE5YD UT WOS:000389684600007 PM 27741448 ER PT J AU Goldstein, E Pitzer, VE O'Hagan, JJ Lipsitch, M AF Goldstein, Edward Pitzer, Virginia E. O'Hagan, Justin J. Lipsitch, Marc TI Temporally Varying Relative Risks for Infectious Diseases Implications for Infectious Disease Control SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; DIFFERENT AGE-GROUPS; RV144 HIV VACCINE; KAWASAKI-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; EFFICACY TRIALS; 7 CHALLENGES; INFLUENZA; HETEROGENEITY AB Risks for disease in some population groups relative to others (relative risks) are usually considered to be consistent over time, although they are often modified by other, nontemporal factors. For infectious diseases, in which overall incidence often varies substantially over time, the patterns of temporal changes in relative risks can inform our understanding of basic epidemiologic questions. For example, recent studies suggest that temporal changes in relative risks of infection over the course of an epidemic cycle can both be used to identify population groups that drive infectious disease outbreaks, and help elucidate differences in the effect of vaccination against infection (that is relevant to transmission control) compared with its effect against disease episodes (that reflects individual protection). Patterns of change in the age groups affected over the course of seasonal outbreaks can provide clues to the types of pathogens that could be responsible for diseases for which an infectious cause is suspected. Changing apparent efficacy of vaccines during trials may provide clues to the vaccine's mode of action and/or indicate risk heterogeneity in the trial population. Declining importance of unusual behavioral risk factors may be a signal of increased local transmission of an infection. We review these developments and the related public health implications. C1 [Goldstein, Edward; Lipsitch, Marc] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Communicable Dis Dynam, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. [Pitzer, Virginia E.] Yale Sch Publ Hlth, Lab Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. [O'Hagan, Justin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis NCIRD, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lipsitch, Marc] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. RP Goldstein, E (reprint author), 677 Huntington Ave,Kresge Room 506, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM egoldste@hsph.harvard.edu FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences [U54GM088558]; US National Institutes of Health [1K01AI101010-01] FX This study was supported by Award Number U54GM088558 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (M.L., E.G.), and by the US National Institutes of Health K01 Award 1K01AI101010-01 (E.G.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences or National Institutes. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1044-3983 EI 1531-5487 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 28 IS 1 BP 136 EP 144 DI 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000571 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF3VD UT WOS:000390252100029 PM 27748685 ER PT J AU Haarbauer-Krupa, J Taylor, CA Yue, JK Winkler, EA Pirracchio, R Cooper, SR Burke, JF Stein, MB Manley, GT AF Haarbauer-Krupa, Juliet Taylor, Christopher A. Yue, John K. Winkler, Ethan A. Pirracchio, Romain Cooper, Shelly R. Burke, John F. Stein, Murray B. Manley, Geoffrey T. CA TRACK-TBI Investigators TI Screening for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in a Civilian Emergency Department Population with Traumatic Brain Injury SO JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA LA English DT Article DE emergency department screening; post-traumatic stress disorder; traumatic brain injury ID COMMON DATA ELEMENTS; GLASGOW OUTCOME SCALE; MODEL SYSTEMS; RISK-FACTORS; HEAD-INJURY; SYMPTOMS; RECOMMENDATIONS; SATISFACTION; VIOLENCE; HEALTH AB Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). While the importance of PTSD and TBI among military personnel is widely recognized, there is less awareness of PTSD associated with civilian TBI. We examined the incidence and factors associated with PTSD 6 months post-injury in a civilian emergency department population using measures from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke TBI Common Data Elements Outcome Battery. Participants with mild TBI (mTBI) from the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Pilot study with complete 6-month outcome batteries (n = 280) were analyzed. Screening for PTSD symptoms was conducted using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. Descriptive measures are summarized and predictors for PTSD were examined using logistic regression. Incidence of screening positive for PTSD was 26.8% at 6 months following mTBI. Screening positive for PTSD was significantly associated with concurrent functional disability, post-concussive and psychiatric symptomatology, decreased satisfaction with life, and decreased performance in visual processing and mental flexibility. Multi-variable regression showed injury mechanism of assault (odds ratio [OR] 3.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69-7.63; p = 0.001) and prior psychiatric history (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.42-4.61; p = 0.002) remained significant predictors of screening positive for PTSD, while education (per year OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.79-0.98; p = 0.021) was associated with decreased odds of PTSD. Standardized data collection and review of pre-injury education, psychiatric history, and injury mechanism during initial hospital presentation can aid in identifying patients with mTBI at risk for developing PTSD symptoms who may benefit from closer follow-up after initial injury care. C1 [Haarbauer-Krupa, Juliet; Taylor, Christopher A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yue, John K.; Winkler, Ethan A.; Cooper, Shelly R.; Burke, John F.; Manley, Geoffrey T.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol Surg, San Francisco, CA USA. [Pirracchio, Romain] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Yue, John K.; Winkler, Ethan A.; Cooper, Shelly R.; Burke, John F.; Manley, Geoffrey T.] San Francisco Gen Hosp, Brain & Spinal Injury Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Cooper, Shelly R.] Washington Univ, Dept Psychol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Stein, Murray B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Stein, Murray B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Manley, GT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol Surg, Brain & Spinal Injury Ctr BASIC, 1001 Potrero Ave,Bldg 1,Room 101, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM manleyg@neurosurg.ucsf.edu FU One Mind for Research; National Science Foundation [DGE-1143954]; [NIH RC2 NS069409]; [NIH RC2 NS064909-02S1]; [NIH U01 NS086090-01]; [DOD W81XWH-13-1-0441]; [DOD W81XWH-14-2-0176] FX This study was supported by the following grants: NIH RC2 NS069409, NIH RC2 NS064909-02S1, NIH U01 NS086090-01, DOD W81XWH-13-1-0441, DOD W81XWH-14-2-0176 (Manley), and One Mind for Research.; This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1143954. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0897-7151 EI 1557-9042 J9 J NEUROTRAUM JI J. Neurotrauma PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 34 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1089/neu.2015.4158 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA EF6DE UT WOS:000390420100007 PM 26936513 ER PT J AU Schiffman, M Saraiya, M AF Schiffman, Mark Saraiya, Mona TI Control of HPV-associated cancers with HPV vaccination SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE; TRIALS C1 [Schiffman, Mark] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Saraiya, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schiffman, M (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM schiffmm@mail.nih.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 BP 6 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30146-3 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EE8GW UT WOS:000389864700005 PM 27282423 ER PT J AU Violanti, JM Fekedulegn, D Andrew, ME Hartley, TA Charles, LE Miller, DB Burchfiel, CM AF Violanti, John M. Fekedulegn, Desta Andrew, Michael E. Hartley, Tara A. Charles, Luenda E. Miller, Diane B. Burchfiel, Cecil M. TI The impact of perceived intensity and frequency of police work occupational stressors on the cortisol awakening response (CAR): Findings from the BCOPS study SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Police; Psychosocial stress; CAR ID OFFICERS AB Police officers encounter unpredictable, evolving, and escalating stressful demands in their work. Utilizing the Spielberger Police Stress Survey (60-item instrument for assessing specific conditions or events considered to be stressors in police work), the present study examined the association of the top five highly rated, and bottom five least rated work stressors among police officers with their awakening cortisol pattern. Participants were police officers enrolled lathe Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) study (n=338). For each group, the total stress index (product of rating and frequency of the stressor) was calculated. Participants collected saliva by means of Salivettes at four time points: on awakening, 15, 30 and 45 min after waking to examine the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Saliva samples were analyzed for free cortisol concentrations. A slope reflecting the awakening pattern of cortisol over time was estimated by fitting a linear regression model relating cortisol in log-scale to time of collection. The slope served as the outcome variable. Analysis of covariance, regression, and repeated measures models were used to determine if there was an association of the stress index with the waking cortisol pattern. There was a significant negative linear association between total stress index of the five highest stressful events and slope of the awakening cortisol regression line (trend p-value=0.0024). As the stress index increased, the pattern of the awakening cortisol regression line tended to flatten. Officers with a zero stress index showed a steep and steady increase in cortisol from baseline (which is often observed) while officers with a moderate or high stress index showed a dampened or flatter response over time. Conversely, the total stress index of the five least rated events was not significantly associated with the awakening cortisol pattern. The study suggests that police events or conditions considered highly stressful by the officers may be associated with disturbances of the typical awakening cortisol pattern. The results are consistent with previous research where chronic exposure to stressors is associated with a diminished awakening cortisol response pattern. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Violanti, John M.] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Epidemiol & Environm Hlth, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Fekedulegn, Desta; Andrew, Michael E.; Hartley, Tara A.; Charles, Luenda E.; Burchfiel, Cecil M.] NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. [Miller, Diane B.] NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Violanti, JM (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Epidemiol & Environm Hlth, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM violanti@buffalo.edu; djf7@cdc.gov; mta6@cdc.gov; tow9@cdc.gov; ley0@cdc.gov; dum6@cdc.gov; zar5@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4530 J9 PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO JI Psychoneuroendocrinology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 75 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.10.017 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA EF7GM UT WOS:000390498100016 PM 27816820 ER PT J AU Shuaib, FM Musa, PF Muhammad, A Musa, E Nyanti, S Mkanda, P Mahoney, F Corkum, M Durojaiye, M Nganda, GW Sani, SU Dieng, B Banda, R Pate, MA AF Shuaib, Faisal M. Musa, Philip F. Muhammad, Ado Musa, Emmanuel Nyanti, Sara Mkanda, Pascal Mahoney, Frank Corkum, Melissa Durojaiye, Modupeoluwa Nganda, Gatei Wa Sani, Samuel Usman Dieng, Boubacar Banda, Richard Pate, Muhammad Ali TI Containment of Ebola and Polio in Low-Resource Settings Using Principles and Practices of Emergency Operations Centers in Public Health SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Ebola; emergency operations; Emergency Operations Center; EOC; Incident Manager; low-resource settings; Nigeria; polio; West Africa AB Emergency Operations Centers (EOCs) have been credited with driving the recent successes achieved in the Nigeria polio eradication program. EOC concept was also applied to the Ebola virus disease outbreak and is applicable to a range of other public health emergencies. This article outlines the structure and functionality of a typical EOC in addressing public health emergencies in low-resource settings. It ascribes the successful polio and Ebola responses in Nigeria to several factors including political commitment, population willingness to engage, accountability, and operational and strategic changes made by the effective use of an EOC and Incident Management System. In countries such as Nigeria where the central or federal government does not directly hold states accountable, the EOC provides a means to improve performance and use data to hold healthworkers accountable by using innovative technologies such as geographic position systems, dashboards, and scorecards. C1 [Shuaib, Faisal M.] Minist Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria. [Musa, Philip F.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Musa, Philip F.; Mkanda, Pascal; Banda, Richard] WHO, Abuja, Nigeria. [Nyanti, Sara; Corkum, Melissa; Dieng, Boubacar] UNICEF, Abuja, Nigeria. [Muhammad, Ado] Nigerias Natl Primary Hlth Care Dev Agcy NPHCDA, Abuja, Nigeria. [Mahoney, Frank] Int Federat Red Cross & Red Crescent Soc, Geneva, Switzerland. [Corkum, Melissa] UNICEF, Abuia, Nigeria. [Durojaiye, Modupeoluwa] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Nganda, Gatei Wa] CDC, NEOC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sani, Samuel Usman] CORE Grp Partners Project, Durham, NC USA. [Pate, Muhammad Ali] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. RP Shuaib, FM (reprint author), Nigeria Minist Hlth, Natl Polio Emergency Operat Ctr, Abuja 00000, Nigeria. EM Faisalshuaib@yahoo.com FU BMGF FX The authors also acknowledge the support of the BMGF, especially the critical roles played by Michael Galway and Jay Wenger in the early days of the Ebola outbreak in Nigeria. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-4659 EI 1550-5022 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000447 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE3BY UT WOS:000389462800006 PM 27488940 ER PT J AU Behbod, B Leonardi, G Motreff, Y Beck, CR Yzermans, J Lebret, E Muravov, OI Bayleyegn, T Wolkin, AF Lauriola, P Close, R Crabbe, H Pirard, P AF Behbod, Behrooz Leonardi, Giovanni Motreff, Yvon Beck, Charles R. Yzermans, Joris Lebret, Erik Muravov, Oleg I. Bayleyegn, Tesfaye Wolkin, Amy Funk Lauriola, Paolo Close, Rebecca Crabbe, Helen Pirard, Philippe TI An International Comparison of the Instigation and Design of Health Registers in the Epidemiological Response to Major Environmental Health Incidents SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE disaster; major incident; preparedness; register; response ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; FOLLOW-UP; ACCIDENT; EARTHQUAKE; DISASTERS; WORKERS; RESCUE; SEVESO; DIOXIN AB Context: Epidemiological preparedness is vital in providing relevant, transparent, and timely intelligence for the management, mitigation, and prevention of public health impacts following major environmental health incidents. A register is a set of records containing systematically collected, standardized data about individual people. Planning for a register of people affected by or exposed to an incident is one of the evolving tools in the public health preparedness and response arsenal. Objective: We compared and contrasted the instigation and design of health registers in the epidemiological response to major environmental health incidents in England, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United States. Design: Consultation with experts from the 5 nations, supplemented with a review of gray and peer-reviewed scientific literature to identify examples where registers have been used. Setting: Populations affected by or at risk from major environmental health incidents in England, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United States. Methods: Nations were compared with respect to the (1) types of major incidents in their remit for considering a register; (2) arrangements for triggering a register; (3) approaches to design of register; (4) arrangements for register implementation; (5) uses of registers; and (6) examples of follow-up studies. Results: Health registers have played a key role in the effective public health response to major environmental incidents, including sudden chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear, as well as natural, more prolonged incidents. Value has been demonstrated in the early and rapid deployment of health registers, enabling the capture of a representative population. Conclusion: The decision to establish a health register must ideally be confirmed immediately or soon after the incident using a set of agreed criteria. The establishment of protocols for the instigation, design, and implementation of health registers is recommended as part of preparedness activities. Key stakeholders must be aware of the importance of, and protocols for, establishing a register. Agencies will find value in preparing and implementing registers as part of an effective public health response to major environmental incidents, including sudden chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incidents, as well as natural, more prolonged incidents. C1 [Behbod, Behrooz; Leonardi, Giovanni; Close, Rebecca; Crabbe, Helen] Publ Hlth England, Environm Change Dept, Chilton, Oxon, England. [Motreff, Yvon; Pirard, Philippe] French Natl Publ Hlth Agcy, Sante Publ France, St Maurice, France. [Beck, Charles R.] Publ Hlth England, Field Epidemiol Serv South West, Bristol, Avon, England. [Yzermans, Joris] Netherlands Inst Hlth Serv Res NIVEL, Hlth Effects Disasters & Environm Incidents, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Lebret, Erik] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Lebret, Erik] Univ Utrecht, IRAS, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Muravov, Oleg I.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Environm Hlth Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bayleyegn, Tesfaye; Wolkin, Amy Funk] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lauriola, Paolo] ARPA Emilia Romagna, Reg Reference Ctr Environm & Hlth, Modena, Italy. RP Behbod, B; Leonardi, G (reprint author), Publ Hlth England, Environm Epidemiol Team, Ctr Radiat Chem & Environm Hazards, Chilton OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. EM behrooz.behbod@phe.gov.uk NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-4659 EI 1550-5022 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000489 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE3BY UT WOS:000389462800008 PM 27870717 ER PT J AU Cruz, MA Garcia, S Chowdhury, MAB Malilay, J Perea, N Williams, D AF Cruz, Miguel A. Garcia, Stephanie Chowdhury, Muhammad A. B. Malilay, Josephine Perea, Nancy Williams, Dale TI Assessing the Congregate Disaster Shelter: Using Shelter Facility Assessment Data for Evaluating Potential Hazards to Occupants During Disasters SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE disaster assessments methods; disaster shelters; environmental health; preventive services; public health; risk assessments ID ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; HOUSTON; KATRINA; INSPECTIONS; EXPERIENCES; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT; EVACUEES AB Disaster shelter assessments are environmental health assessments conducted during disaster situations to evaluate the living environment of shelters for hygiene, sanitation, and safety conditions. We conducted a secondary data analysis of shelter assessment records available (n = 108) on ice storms, floods, and tornado events from 1 state jurisdiction. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze results of environmental health deficiencies found in the facilities. The greater numbers of environmental health deficiencies were associated with sanitation (26%), facility physical issues (19%), and food areas (17%). Most deficiencies were reported following ice storms, tornadoes, and flood events. This report describes the first analysis of environmental health deficiencies found in disaster shelters across a spectrum of disaster events. Although the number of records analyzed for this project was small and results may not be generalizable, this new insight into the living environment in shelter facilities offers the first analysis of deficiencies of the shelter operation and living environment that have great potential to affect the safety and health of shelter occupants. C1 [Cruz, Miguel A.] Florida Int Univ, Robert Stempel Coll Publ Hlth & Social Work, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Garcia, Stephanie; Chowdhury, Muhammad A. B.; Perea, Nancy; Williams, Dale] Florida Int Univ, Robert Stempel Coll Publ Hlth & Social Work, Dept Biostat, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Malilay, Josephine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cruz, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Environm Hlth Emergency Management, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,F-09, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Mcruz@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-4659 EI 1550-5022 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000445 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE3BY UT WOS:000389462800012 PM 27798529 ER PT J AU Creager, HM Zeng, H Pulit-Penaloza, JA Maines, TR Tumpey, TM Belser, JA AF Creager, Hannah M. Zeng, Hui Pulit-Penaloza, Joanna A. Maines, Taronna R. Tumpey, Terrence M. Belser, Jessica A. TI In vitro exposure system for study of aerosolized influenza virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Aerosols; Cell culture; Viral replication; Avian viruses ID A H7N9 VIRUS; GUINEA-PIG MODEL; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN INFECTIONS; A(H7N9) VIRUS; HUMAN LUNG; FERRETS; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; HUMANS AB Infection of adherent cell monolayers using a liquid inoculum represents an established method to reliably and quantitatively study virus infection, but poorly recapitulates the exposure and infection of cells in the respiratory tract that occurs during infection with aerosolized pathogens. To better simulate natural infection in vitro, we adapted a system that generates viral aerosols similar to those exhaled by infected humans to the inoculation of epithelial cell monolayers. Procedures for cellular infection and calculation of exposure dose were developed and tested using viruses characterized by distinct transmission and pathogenicity phenotypes: an HPAI H5N1, an LPAI H7N9, and a seasonal H3N2 virus. While all three aerosolized viruses were highly infectious in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (Calu-3) cultured submerged in media, differences between the viruses were observed in primary human alveolar epithelial cells and in Calu-3 cells cultured at air-liquid interface. This system provides a novel enhancement to traditional in vitro experiments, particularly those focused on the early stages of infection. C1 [Creager, Hannah M.; Zeng, Hui; Pulit-Penaloza, Joanna A.; Maines, Taronna R.; Tumpey, Terrence M.; Belser, Jessica A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Creager, Hannah M.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Belser, JA (reprint author), Influenza Div, MS G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jax6@cdc.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX We thank the China CDC for facilitating access to virus, Justin Hartings for technical assistance, and Alissa Eckert for graphical assistance. H.M.C. and J.A.P. were supported by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agency. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 500 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2016.10.007 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA EE4EM UT WOS:000389555100006 PM 27771560 ER PT J AU Isakova-Sivak, I Korenkov, D Smolonogina, T Tretiak, T Donina, S Rekstin, A Naykhin, A Shcherbik, S Pearce, N Chen, LM Bousse, T Rudenko, L AF Isakova-Sivak, Irina Korenkov, Daniil Smolonogina, Tatiana Tretiak, Tatiana Donina, Svetlana Rekstin, Andrey Naykhin, Anatoly Shcherbik, Svetlana Pearce, Nicholas Chen, Li-Mei Bousse, Tatiana Rudenko, Larisa TI Comparative studies of infectivity, immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccines containing nucleoprotein from cold-adapted or wild-type influenza virus in a mouse model SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Live attenuated influenza vaccine; Nucleoprotein; Immunogenicity; Cell-mediated immunity; Cross-protection; Mouse model; Immunodominant epitope ID T-CELL RESPONSES; A VIRUS; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; FERRETS; EPITOPE; GENES; PREDICTION; CHALLENGE; CLEARANCE; SELECTION AB This study sought to improve an existing live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAW) by including nucleoprotein (NP) from wild-type virus rather than master donor virus (MDV). H7N9 LAIV reassortants with 6:2 (NP from MDV) and 5:3 (NP from wild-type virus) genome compositions were compared with regard to their growth characteristics, induction of humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, and ability to protect mice against homologous and heterologous challenge viruses. Although, in general, the 6:2 reassortant induced greater cell mediated immunity in C57BL6 mice than the 5:3 vaccine, mice immunized with the 5:3 LAIV were better protected against heterologous challenge. The 5:3 LAIV-induced CTLs also had better in vivo killing activity against target cells loaded with the NP366 epitope of recent influenza viruses. Modification of the genome of reassortant vaccine viruses by incorporating the NP gene from wild-type viruses represents a simple strategy to improve the immunogenicity and cross-protection of influenza vaccines. C1 [Isakova-Sivak, Irina; Korenkov, Daniil; Smolonogina, Tatiana; Tretiak, Tatiana; Donina, Svetlana; Rekstin, Andrey; Naykhin, Anatoly; Rudenko, Larisa] Inst Expt Med, St Petersburg, Russia. [Shcherbik, Svetlana; Pearce, Nicholas; Chen, Li-Mei; Bousse, Tatiana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Isakova-Sivak, I (reprint author), Inst Expt Med, Dept Virol, 12 Acad Pavlov St, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. EM isakova.sivak@gmail.com RI Isakova-Sivak, Irina/C-1034-2014 OI Isakova-Sivak, Irina/0000-0002-2801-1508 FU Russian Scientific Foundation [14-15-00034]; World Health Organization FX This study was supported by Russian Scientific Foundation Grant No 14-15-00034. Writing assistance in the preparation of this manuscript, in the form of editing by Pat Butler, was funded by the World Health Organization. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 500 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2016.10.027 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA EE4EM UT WOS:000389555100023 PM 27829176 ER PT J AU Birukila, G Babale, SM Epstein, H Gugong, V Anger, R Corkum, M Nebanat, AJ Musoke, F Alabi, O AF Birukila, Gerida Babale, Sufiyan M. Epstein, Helen Gugong, Victor Anger, Robert Corkum, Melissa Nebanat, Albarka Jehoshaphat Musoke, Fredrick Alabi, Olaniran TI Reducing resistance to polio immunisation with free health camps and Bluetooth messaging: An update from Kaduna, Northern, Nigeria SO GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Polio; Nigeria; primary health care; immunisation; mHealth ID RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; POLIOMYELITIS AB Since 1997, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has sponsored regular door-to-door polio immunisation campaigns in northern Nigeria. On 30 July 2015, the country was finally declared poliofree, a hard won success. At various times, polio eradication has been threatened by rumours and community tensions. For example, in 2003, local Imams, traditional leaders and politicians declared a polio campaign boycott, due to the concerns about the safety of the polio vaccine. Although the campaigns resumed in 2004, many parents continued to refuse vaccination because of the persistence of rumours of vaccine contamination, and anger about the poor state of health services for conditions other than polio. To address this, UNICEF and Nigerian Government partners piloted two interventions: (1) mobile 'health camps' to provide ambulatory care for conditions other than polio and (2) an audiovisual clip about vaccine safety and other health issues, shareable on multimedia mobile phones via Bluetooth pairing. The mobile phone survey found that Bluetooth compatible messages could rapidly spread behavioural health messages in low-literacy communities. The health camps roughly doubled polio vaccine uptake in the urban ward where it was piloted. This suggests that polio eradication would have been accelerated by improving primary health care services. C1 [Birukila, Gerida; Anger, Robert; Corkum, Melissa; Nebanat, Albarka Jehoshaphat; Musoke, Fredrick] UNICEF Nigeria, Kaduna, Nigeria. [Babale, Sufiyan M.] Kaduna State Primary Healthcare Dev Agcy, Kaduna, Nigeria. [Babale, Sufiyan M.] Ahmadu Bello Univ Zaria, Dept Community Med, Zaria, Nigeria. [Epstein, Helen] Bard Coll, Div Social Sci, Annandale on Hudson, NY 12504 USA. [Gugong, Victor] Natl Polio Emergency Operat Ctr, Kaduna, Nigeria. [Gugong, Victor] Kaduna Polytech, Kaduna, Nigeria. [Alabi, Olaniran] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Stop Transmiss Polio STOP Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Epstein, H (reprint author), Bard Coll, Div Social Sci, Annandale on Hudson, NY 12504 USA. EM helenepstein@yahoo.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-1692 EI 1744-1706 J9 GLOB PUBLIC HEALTH JI Glob. Public Health PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1080/17441692.2016.1152283 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED2YH UT WOS:000388715600002 PM 26998877 ER PT J AU Jeffries, WL Gelaude, DJ Torrone, EA Gasiorowicz, M Oster, AM Spikes, PS McCree, DH Bertolli, J AF Jeffries, William L. Gelaude, Deborah J. Torrone, Elizabeth A. Gasiorowicz, Mari Oster, Alexandra M. Spikes, Pilgrim S., Jr. McCree, Donna Hubbard Bertolli, Jeanne TI Unhealthy environments, unhealthy consequences: Experienced homonegativity and HIV infection risk among young men who have sex with men SO GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Homonegativity; men who have sex with men; HIV ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; BLACK-MEN; GAY; HOMOPHOBIA; DISCRIMINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR; RELIGION AB Unfavourable social environments can negatively affect the health of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM). We described how experienced homonegativity - negative perceptions and treatment that MSM encounter due to their sexual orientations - can increase HIV vulnerability among young MSM. Participants (n = 44) were young MSM diagnosed with HIV infection during January 2006-June 2009. All participants completed questionnaires that assessed experienced homonegativity and related factors (e.g. internalised homonegativity). We focus this analysis on qualitative interviews in which a subset of participants (n = 28) described factors that they perceived to have placed them at risk for HIV infection. Inductive content analysis identified themes within qualitative interviews, and we determined the prevalence of homonegativity and related factors using questionnaires. In qualitative interviews, participants reported that young MSM commonly experienced homonegativity. They described how homonegativity generated internalised homonegativity, HIV stigma, silence around homosexuality, and forced housing displacement. These factors could promote HIV risk. Homonegative experiences were more common among young Black (vs. non-Black) MSM who completed questionnaires. Results illustrate multiple pathways through which experienced homonegativity may increase HIV vulnerability among young MSM. Interventions that target homonegativity might help to reduce the burden of HIV within this population. C1 [Jeffries, William L.; Gelaude, Deborah J.; Oster, Alexandra M.; Spikes, Pilgrim S., Jr.; McCree, Donna Hubbard; Bertolli, Jeanne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jeffries, William L.; Torrone, Elizabeth A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Sci Educ & Profess Dev, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Torrone, Elizabeth A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gasiorowicz, Mari] Wisconsin Dept Hlth Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. RP Jeffries, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Jeffries, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Sci Educ & Profess Dev, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wjeffries@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-1692 EI 1744-1706 J9 GLOB PUBLIC HEALTH JI Glob. Public Health PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 BP 116 EP 129 DI 10.1080/17441692.2015.1062120 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED2YH UT WOS:000388715600008 PM 26251185 ER PT J AU Tugume, L Morawski, BM Abassi, M Bahr, NC Kiggundu, R Nabeta, HW Hullsiek, KH Taseera, K Musubire, AK Schutz, C Muzoora, C Williams, DA Rolfes, MA Meintjes, G Rhein, J Meya, DB Boulware, DR AF Tugume, L. Morawski, B. M. Abassi, M. Bahr, N. C. Kiggundu, R. Nabeta, H. W. Hullsiek, K. H. Taseera, K. Musubire, A. K. Schutz, C. Muzoora, C. Williams, D. A. Rolfes, M. A. Meintjes, G. Rhein, J. Meya, D. B. Boulware, D. R. TI Prognostic implications of baseline anaemia and changes in haemoglobin concentrations with amphotericin B therapy for cryptococcal meningitis SO HIV MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE amphotericin B; anaemia; cryptococcal meningitis; HIV ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; MORTALITY; COMBINATION; COHORT; WOMEN; FLUCYTOSINE; SURVIVAL AB ObjectivesAnaemia represents a common toxicity with amphotericin B-based induction therapy in HIV-infected persons with cryptococcal meningitis. We sought to examine the impact of amphotericin-related anaemia on survival. MethodsWe used data from Ugandan and South African trial participants to characterize the variation of haemoglobin concentrations from diagnosis to 12 weeks post-diagnosis. Anaemia severity was classified based on the haemoglobin concentration at cryptococcal meningitis diagnosis, and nadir haemoglobin values during amphotericin induction. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate 2- and 10-week mortality risk. We also estimated 10-week mortality risk among participants with nadir haemoglobin < 8.5 g/dL during amphotericin induction and who survived 2 weeks post-enrolment. ResultsThe median haemoglobin concentration at meningitis diagnosis was 11.5 g/dL [interquartile range (IQR) 9.7-13 g/dL; n = 311] with a mean decline of 4.2 g/dL [95% confidence interval (CI) -4.6 to -3.8; P < 0.001; n = 148] from diagnosis to nadir value among participants with baseline haemoglobin 8.5 g/dL. The median haemoglobin concentration was 8.1 g/dL (IQR 6.5-9.5 g/dL) at 2 weeks, increasing to 9.4 g/dL (IQR 8.2-10.9 g/dL) by 4 weeks and continuing to increase to 12 weeks. Among participants with haemoglobin < 8.5 g/dL at diagnosis, mortality risk was elevated at 2 weeks [hazard ratio (HR) 2.7; 95% CI 1.5-4.9; P < 0.01] and 10 weeks (HR 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-2.2; P = 0.03), relative to those with haemoglobin 8.5 g/dL. New-onset anaemia occurring with amphotericin therapy did not have a statistically significant association with 10-week mortality (HR 2.0; 95% CI 0.5-9.1; P = 0.4). ConclusionsAmphotericin induced significant haemoglobin declines, which were mostly transient and did not impact 10-week mortality. Individuals with moderate to life-threatening anaemia at baseline had a higher mortality risk at 2 and 10 weeks post-enrolment. C1 [Tugume, L.; Abassi, M.; Bahr, N. C.; Kiggundu, R.; Nabeta, H. W.; Musubire, A. K.; Williams, D. A.; Rhein, J.; Meya, D. B.] Makerere Univ, Infect Dis Inst, POB 22148,Mulago Hosp Complex, Kampala, Uganda. [Morawski, B. M.; Abassi, M.; Bahr, N. C.; Musubire, A. K.; Williams, D. A.; Rhein, J.; Meya, D. B.; Boulware, D. R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Med, Box 736 UMHC, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Morawski, B. M.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Bahr, N. C.; Boulware, D. R.] Univ Minnesota, Ctr Infect Dis & Microbiol Translat Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Hullsiek, K. H.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Taseera, K.; Muzoora, C.] Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Med, Mbarara, Uganda. [Schutz, C.; Meintjes, G.] Univ Cape Town, Clin Infect Dis Res Initiat, Inst Infect Dis & Mol Med, Cape Town, South Africa. [Schutz, C.; Meintjes, G.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Fac Hlth Sci, Cape Town, South Africa. [Rolfes, M. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Meintjes, G.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Med, London, England. [Meya, D. B.] Makerere Univ, Dept Med, Fac Hlth Sci, Kampala, Uganda. RP Tugume, L (reprint author), Makerere Univ, Infect Dis Inst, POB 22148,Mulago Hosp Complex, Kampala, Uganda. EM ltugume@idi.co.ug OI Bahr, Nathan/0000-0002-9431-8938; Morawski, Bozena/0000-0003-1655-6006; Boulware, David/0000-0002-4715-0060 FU National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of Health [U01AI089244, R01NS086312, T32AI055433, R25TW-009345] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, and the Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of Health (U01AI089244, R01NS086312, T32AI055433 and R25TW-009345). The authors wish to thank Drs Paul Bohjanen and Andrew Kambugu for support and input. We also thank Dr Ali El Bireer and the laboratory staff at Makerere University Johns Hopkins University Laboratory in Kampala as well as Mr Richard Kwizera for phlebotomy. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-2662 EI 1468-1293 J9 HIV MED JI HIV Med. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 18 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1111/hiv.12387 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EE0ZW UT WOS:000389310600002 PM 27126930 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Jarrett, JM Tevis, DS Franklin, M Mullinix, NJ Wallon, KL Quarles, CD Caldwell, KL Jones, RL AF Jones, Deanna R. Jarrett, Jeffery M. Tevis, Denise S. Franklin, Melanie Mullinix, Neva J. Wallon, Kristen L. Quarles, C. Derrick, Jr. Caldwell, Kathleen L. Jones, Robert L. TI Analysis of whole human blood for Pb, Cd, Hg, Se, and Mn by ICP-DRC-MS for biomonitoring and acute exposures SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Biomonitoring; Reaction cell; ICP-MS; Whole blood; Blood lead; Manganese; Cadmium; Mercury; Selenium ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DYNAMIC REACTION CELL; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MANGANESE EXPOSURE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PUBLIC-HEALTH; SELENIUM; URINE; LEAD; MERCURY AB We improved our inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) whole blood method [1] for determination of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) by including manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se), and expanding the calibration range of all analytes. The method is validated on a PerkinElmer (PE) ELAN (R) DRC II ICP-MS (ICP-DRC-MS) and uses the Dynamic Reaction Cell (DRC) technology to attenuate interfering background ion signals via ion-molecule reactions. Methane gas (CH4) eliminates background signal from Ar-40(2)+ PO to permit determination of Se-80(+), and oxygen gas (O-2) eliminates several polyatomic interferences (e.g. (Ar15N+)-Ar-40, (FeH+)-Fe-54-H-1) on Mn-55(+). Hg sensitivity in DRC mode is a factor of two higher than vented mode when measured under the same DRC conditions as Mn due to collisional focusing of the ion beam. To compensate for the expanded method's longer analysis time (due to DRC mode pause delays), we implemented an SC4-FAST autosampler (ESI Scientific, Omaha, NE), which vacuum loads the sample onto a loop, to keep the sample-to-sample measurement time to less than 5 min, allowing for preparation and analysis of 60 samples in an 8-h work shift. The longer analysis time also resulted in faster breakdown of the hydrocarbon oil in the interface roughing pump. The replacement of the standard roughing pump with a pump using a fluorinated lubricant, Fomblin (R), extended the time between pump maintenance. We optimized the diluent and rinse solution components to reduce carryover from high concentration samples and prevent the formation of precipitates. We performed a robust calculation to determine the following limits of detection (LOD) in whole blood: 0.07 mu g dL(-1) for Pb, 0.10 mu g L-1 for Cd, 0.28 mu g L-1 for Hg, 0.99 mu g L-1 for Mn, and 24.5 mu g L-1 for Se. C1 [Jones, Deanna R.; Jarrett, Jeffery M.; Tevis, Denise S.; Franklin, Melanie; Mullinix, Neva J.; Wallon, Kristen L.; Quarles, C. Derrick, Jr.; Caldwell, Kathleen L.; Jones, Robert L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Franklin, Melanie] Battelle Mem Inst, 2987 Clairmont Rd,Suite 450, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Quarles, C. Derrick, Jr.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Quarles, C. Derrick, Jr.] Appl Spectra Inc, 46665 Fremont Blvd, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dmjones1@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 36 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 EI 1873-3573 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 162 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.060 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ED7YN UT WOS:000389088700016 PM 27837806 ER PT J AU Forman-Hoffman, VL Hedden, SL Miller, GK Brown, K Teich, J Gfroerer, J AF Forman-Hoffman, Valerie L. Hedden, Sarra L. Miller, Greta Kilmer Brown, Kristen Teich, Judith Gfroerer, Joseph TI Trends in cigarette use, by serious psychological distress status in the United States, 1998-2013 SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article DE Cigarette use trends; Serious psychological distress ID MENTAL-ILLNESS; SMOKING-CESSATION; TOBACCO USE; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; CALIFORNIA; DISORDERS; ADULTS AB Objectives: The study compared trends in current and heavy cigarette smoking between adults with and without serious psychological distress (SPD). Methods: This study examined data from 480,024 adults aged 18 years or older in the 1998-2013 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) public use files. SPD is defined as having a Kessler-6 score of 13 or higher in the past month. Trends in the prevalence of current smoldng and heavy smoking for 2-year time periods were assessed among those with versus those without SPD using logistic regression; tests of interaction terms determined whether smoking trends differed by SPD status. Results: The prevalence of current smoking decreased over time among adults without SPD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.97-0.98), but remained stable among adults with SPD (AOR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.991.03). Both groups had significant declines in heavy smoking over time; however, the rates of decline were greater among adults without versus with SPD (AOR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.86-0.88 and AOR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.88-0.94, respectively). Conclusions: The prevalence of current smoking is not declining among adults with SPD, and the prevalence of heavy smoking is not declining as quickly among adults with SPD as compared with those without SPD. Smoking cessation efforts may need to target these populations and tailor programs accordingly. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Forman-Hoffman, Valerie L.; Miller, Greta Kilmer; Brown, Kristen] RTI Int, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hedden, Sarra L.; Teich, Judith; Gfroerer, Joseph] CBHSQ, SAMHSA, 5600 Fishers Lane,Room 2-1090, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Miller, Greta Kilmer] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Forman-Hoffman, VL (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM vhoffman@rti.org FU SAMHSA; [HHSS283201300001C] FX This work was supported by SAMHSA and funded through contract HHSS283201300001C. SAMHSA provided financial support to RTI, International for study design, collection, and analysis. SAMHSA co-authors assisted with the interpretation of the findings, writing the manuscript, and deciding to submit the manuscript for publication. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 EI 1873-6327 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 64 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.09.003 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA EC3TA UT WOS:000388048000036 PM 27690139 ER PT J AU Singh, T Kennedy, S Marynak, K Persoskie, A Melstrom, P King, BA AF Singh, Tushar Kennedy, Sara Marynak, Kristy Persoskie, Alexander Melstrom, Paul King, Brian A. TI Characteristics of Electronic Cigarette Use Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Singh, Tushar; Kennedy, Sara; Marynak, Kristy; Melstrom, Paul; King, Brian A.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Singh, Tushar] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Persoskie, Alexander] US FDA, Ctr Tobacco Prod, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Singh, T (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Singh, T (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tsingh@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 30 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 50-51 BP 1425 EP 1429 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EH7LJ UT WOS:000391954200002 PM 28033310 ER PT J AU Bottichio, L Medus, C Sorenson, A Donovan, D Sharma, R Dowell, N Williams, I Wellman, A Jackson, A Tolar, B Griswold, T Basler, C AF Bottichio, Lyndsay Medus, Carlota Sorenson, Alida Donovan, Danielle Sharma, Reeti Dowell, Natasha Williams, Ian Wellman, Allison Jackson, Alikeh Tolar, Beth Griswold, Taylor Basler, Colin TI Outbreak of Salmonella Oslo Infections Linked to Persian Cucumbers - United States, 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Bottichio, Lyndsay; Dowell, Natasha; Williams, Ian; Tolar, Beth; Griswold, Taylor; Basler, Colin] CDC, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Medus, Carlota] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Sorenson, Alida] Minnesota Dept Agr, St Paul, MN USA. [Donovan, Danielle] Michigan Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Lansing, MI USA. [Sharma, Reeti] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wellman, Allison; Jackson, Alikeh] US FDA, Coordinated Outbreak Response & Evaluat Network, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bottichio, L (reprint author), CDC, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM xmm8@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 30 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 50-51 BP 1430 EP 1433 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EH7LJ UT WOS:000391954200003 PM 28033312 ER PT J AU Unger, ER Lin, JMS Brimmer, DJ Lapp, CW Komaroff, AL Nath, A Laird, S Iskander, J AF Unger, Elizabeth R. Lin, Jin-Mann Sally Brimmer, Dana J. Lapp, Charles W. Komaroff, Anthony L. Nath, Avindra Laird, Susan Iskander, John TI CDC Grand Rounds: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Advancing Research and Clinical Education SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID OF-HEALTH PATHWAYS; PREVENTION WORKSHOP; DEFINITION C1 [Unger, Elizabeth R.; Lin, Jin-Mann Sally; Brimmer, Dana J.] CDC, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lapp, Charles W.] Hunter Hopkins Ctr, Charlotte, NC USA. [Komaroff, Anthony L.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Komaroff, Anthony L.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nath, Avindra] NINDS, Sect Infect Nervous Syst, NIH, Bldg 36,Rm 4D04, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Laird, Susan] CDC, Off Associate Director Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Iskander, John] CDC, Off Associate Director Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Unger, ER (reprint author), CDC, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eunger@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 30 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 50-51 BP 1434 EP 1438 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EH7LJ UT WOS:000391954200004 PM 28033311 ER PT J AU Shang, M Blanton, L Kniss, K Mustaquim, D Alabi, N Barnes, S Budd, A Davlin, SL Kramer, N Garg, S Cummings, CN Flannery, B Fry, AM Grohskopf, LA Olsen, SJ Bresee, J Sessions, W Garten, R Xu, XY Abd Elal, AI Gubareva, L Barnes, J Wentworth, DE Burns, E Katz, J Jernigan, D Brammer, L AF Shang, Mei Blanton, Lenee Kniss, Krista Mustaquim, Desiree Alabi, Noreen Barnes, Stephen Budd, Alicia Davlin, Stacy L. Kramer, Natalie Garg, Shikha Cummings, Charisse N. Flannery, Brendan Fry, Alicia M. Grohskopf, Lisa A. Olsen, Sonja J. Bresee, Joseph Sessions, Wendy Garten, Rebecca Xu, Xiyan Abd Elal, Anwar Isa Gubareva, Larisa Barnes, John Wentworth, David E. Burns, Erin Katz, Jacqueline Jernigan, Daniel Brammer, Lynnette TI Update: Influenza Activity - United States, October 2-December 17, 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Shang, Mei] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shang, Mei; Blanton, Lenee; Kniss, Krista; Mustaquim, Desiree; Alabi, Noreen; Barnes, Stephen; Budd, Alicia; Davlin, Stacy L.; Kramer, Natalie; Garg, Shikha; Cummings, Charisse N.; Flannery, Brendan; Fry, Alicia M.; Grohskopf, Lisa A.; Olsen, Sonja J.; Bresee, Joseph; Sessions, Wendy; Garten, Rebecca; Xu, Xiyan; Abd Elal, Anwar Isa; Gubareva, Larisa; Barnes, John; Wentworth, David E.; Burns, Erin; Katz, Jacqueline; Jernigan, Daniel; Brammer, Lynnette] CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shang, M (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Shang, M (reprint author), CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mshang@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 30 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 50-51 BP 1439 EP 1444 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EH7LJ UT WOS:000391954200005 PM 28033315 ER PT J AU Rudd, RA Seth, P David, F Scholl, L AF Rudd, Rose A. Seth, Puja David, Felicita Scholl, Lawrence TI Increases in Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths - United States, 2010-2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID PAIN C1 [Rudd, Rose A.; Seth, Puja; David, Felicita; Scholl, Lawrence] CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Scholl, Lawrence] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rudd, RA; Seth, P (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rvr2@cdc.gov; pseth@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 30 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 50-51 BP 1445 EP 1452 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EH7LJ UT WOS:000391954200006 PM 28033313 ER PT J AU Laughlin, M Gambino-Shirley, K Gacek, P Phan, Q Stevenson, L Mercante, A Mullins, J Burnworth, L Blackstock, A Razeq, JH Cartter, M Nichols, M AF Laughlin, Mark Gambino-Shirley, Kelly Gacek, Paul Quyen Phan Stevenson, Lauren Mercante, Alexandra Mullins, Jocelyn Burnworth, Laura Blackstock, Anna Razeq, Jafar H. Cartter, Matthew Nichols, Megin TI Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 Infections Associated with Goat Dairy Farm Visits - Connecticut, 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Laughlin, Mark; Gambino-Shirley, Kelly] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Laughlin, Mark; Gambino-Shirley, Kelly; Stevenson, Lauren; Mercante, Alexandra; Burnworth, Laura; Blackstock, Anna; Nichols, Megin] CDC, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mercante, Alexandra] CDC, Lab Leadership Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gacek, Paul; Quyen Phan; Mullins, Jocelyn; Razeq, Jafar H.; Cartter, Matthew] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. RP Laughlin, M (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Laughlin, M (reprint author), CDC, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM whz7@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 30 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 50-51 BP 1453 EP 1454 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EH7LJ UT WOS:000391954200007 PM 28033314 ER PT J AU Peters, BA Dominianni, C Shapiro, JA Church, TR Wu, J Miller, G Yuen, E Freiman, H Lustbader, I Salik, J Friedlander, C Hayes, RB Ahn, J AF Peters, Brandilyn A. Dominianni, Christine Shapiro, Jean A. Church, Timothy R. Wu, Jing Miller, George Yuen, Elizabeth Freiman, Hal Lustbader, Ian Salik, James Friedlander, Charles Hayes, Richard B. Ahn, Jiyoung TI The gut microbiota in conventional and serrated precursors of colorectal cancer SO MICROBIOME LA English DT Article DE Microbiome; Microbiota; Adenoma; Polyp; Colorectal; Cancer; Serrated ID FECAL MICROBIOTA; COLON-CANCER; DIVERSITY; ADENOMA; FERMENTATION; PATTERNS; BACTERIA; PATHWAY; SHAPES; HEALTH AB Background: Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease arising from at least two precursors-the conventional adenoma (CA) and the serrated polyp. We and others have previously shown a relationship between the human gut microbiota and colorectal cancer; however, its relationship to the different early precursors of colorectal cancer is understudied. We tested, for the first time, the relationship of the gut microbiota to specific colorectal polyp types. Results: Gut microbiota were assessed in 540 colonoscopy-screened adults by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of stool samples. Participants were categorized as CA cases (n = 144), serrated polyp cases (n = 73), or polyp-free controls (n = 323). CA cases were further classified as proximal (n = 87) or distal (n = 55) and as non-advanced (n= 121) or advanced (n= 22). Serrated polyp cases were further classified as hyperplastic polyp (HP; n = 40) or sessile serrated adenoma (SSA; n = 33). We compared gut microbiota diversity, overall composition, and normalized taxon abundance among these groups. CA cases had lower species richness in stool than controls (p = 0.03); in particular, this association was strongest for advanced CA cases (p = 0.004). In relation to overall microbiota composition, only distal or advanced CA cases differed significantly from controls (p= 0.02 and p = 0.002). In taxon-based analysis, stool of CA cases was depleted in a network of Clostridia operational taxonomic units from families Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, and enriched in the classes Bacilli and Gammaproteobacteria, order Enterobacteriales, and genera Actinomyces and Streptococcus (all q< 0.10). SSA and HP cases did not differ in diversity or composition from controls, though sample size for these groups was small. Few taxa were differentially abundant between HP cases or SSA cases and controls; among them, class Erysipelotrichi was depleted in SSA cases. Conclusions: Our results indicate that gut microbes may play a role in the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis through the development of CAs. Findings may have implications for developing colorectal cancer prevention therapies targeting early microbial drivers of colorectal carcinogenesis. C1 [Peters, Brandilyn A.; Dominianni, Christine; Wu, Jing; Hayes, Richard B.; Ahn, Jiyoung] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Populat Hlth, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Shapiro, Jean A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Church, Timothy R.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Miller, George] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Surg, New York, NY USA. [Miller, George] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Miller, George; Hayes, Richard B.; Ahn, Jiyoung] NYU, Sch Med, Perlmutter Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Yuen, Elizabeth; Freiman, Hal; Lustbader, Ian; Salik, James; Friedlander, Charles] Kips Bay Endoscopy Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Ahn, J (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Populat Hlth, New York, NY 10003 USA.; Ahn, J (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Perlmutter Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM Jiyoung.Ahn@nyumc.org OI Hayes, Richard/0000-0002-0918-661X FU US National Cancer Institute [R01CA159036, U01CA182370, R01CA164964, R03CA159414, P30CA016087, R21CA183887]; AACR/Pancreas Cancer Action Network Career Development Award FX Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the US National Cancer Institute under award numbers R01CA159036, U01CA182370, R01CA164964, R03CA159414, P30CA016087, and R21CA183887 and by AACR/Pancreas Cancer Action Network Career Development Award. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2049-2618 J9 MICROBIOME JI Microbiome PD DEC 30 PY 2016 VL 4 AR 69 DI 10.1186/s40168-016-0218-6 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EG8SA UT WOS:000391326000002 PM 28038683 ER PT J AU Wangroongsarb, P Hwang, J Thwing, J Karuchit, S Kumpetch, S Rand, A Drakeley, C MacArthur, JR Kachur, SP Satimail, W Meele, S Sintasath, DM AF Wangroongsarb, Piyaporn Hwang, Jimee Thwing, Julie Karuchit, Samart Kumpetch, Suthon Rand, Alison Drakeley, Chris MacArthur, John R. Kachur, S. Patrick Satimail, Wichai Meele, Sylvia Sintasath, David M. TI Using Respondent Driven Sampling to Identify Malaria Risks and Occupational Networks among Migrant Workers in Ranong, Thailand SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; HIDDEN POPULATIONS; RESISTANT MALARIA; TRANSMISSION; CAMBODIA; BORDER AB Background Ranong Province in southern Thailand is one of the primary entry points for migrants entering Thailand from Myanmar, and borders Kawthaung Township in Myanmar where artemisinin resistance in malaria parasites has been detected. Areas of high population movement could increase the risk of spread of artemisinin resistance in this region and beyond. Methods A respondent-driven sampling (RDS) methodology was used to compare migrant populations coming from Myanmar in urban (Site 1) vs. rural (Site 2) settings in Ranong, Thailand. The RDS methodology collected information on knowledge, attitudes, and practices for malaria, travel and occupational histories, as well as social network size and structure. Individuals enrolled were screened for malaria by microscopy, Real Time-PCR, and serology. Results A total of 619 participants were recruited in Ranong City and 623 participants in Kraburi, a rural sub-district. By PCR, a total of 14 (1.1%) samples were positive (2 P. falciparum in Site 1; 10 P. vivax, 1 Pf, and 1 P. malariae in Site 2). PCR analysis demonstrated an overall weighted prevalence of 0.5% (95% CI, 0-1.3%) in the urban site and 1.0% (95% CI, 0.5-1.7%) in the rural site for all parasite species. PCR positivity did not correlate with serological positivity; however, as expected there was a strong association between antibody prevalence and both age and exposure. Access to long-lasting insecticidal treated nets remains low despite relatively high reported traditional net use among these populations. Conclusions The low malaria prevalence, relatively smaller networks among migrants in rural settings, and limited frequency of travel to and from other areas of malaria transmission in Myanmar, suggest that the risk for the spread of artemisinin resistance from this area may be limited in these networks currently but may have implications for regional malaria elimination efforts. C1 [Wangroongsarb, Piyaporn; Satimail, Wichai] Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Bur Vector Borne Dis, Nonathaburi, Thailand. [Hwang, Jimee] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hwang, Jimee] Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Thwing, Julie; Kachur, S. Patrick] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. [Karuchit, Samart; MacArthur, John R.] Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonathaburi, Thailand. [Kumpetch, Suthon] Minist Publ Hlth, Ranong Prov Hlth Off, Ranong, Thailand. [Rand, Alison; Drakeley, Chris] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London, England. [Meele, Sylvia] Malaria Consortium, London, England. [Sintasath, David M.] USAID RDMA, US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Sintasath, DM (reprint author), USAID RDMA, US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Bangkok, Thailand. EM dsintasath@usaid.gov FU USAID; CDC; Malaria Consortium [5U01CK000112-05] FX This study was funded by USAID through an Interagency Agreement with CDC through a cooperative agreement with Malaria Consortium (5U01CK000112-05). USAID and CDC contributed to the design, analysis, and preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 29 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0168371 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0168371 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EG7KQ UT WOS:000391226900022 PM 28033322 ER PT J AU Brust, JCM Shah, NS Gandhi, NR AF Brust, James C. M. Shah, N. Sarita Gandhi, Neel R. TI More on Treatment Outcomes in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Brust, James C. M.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Shah, N. Sarita] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gandhi, Neel R.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Brust, JCM (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. EM jcmbrust@gmail.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 29 PY 2016 VL 375 IS 26 BP 2610 EP 2610 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EG6SC UT WOS:000391175300033 PM 28029920 ER PT J AU Kingry, LC Batra, D Replogle, A Rowe, LA Pritt, BS Petersen, JM AF Kingry, Luke C. Batra, Dhwani Replogle, Adam Rowe, Lori A. Pritt, Bobbi S. Petersen, Jeannine M. TI Whole Genome Sequence and Comparative Genomics of the Novel Lyme Borreliosis Causing Pathogen, Borrelia mayonii SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; IMMUNODOMINANT CONSERVED REGION; REGULATORS FACTOR-H; DISEASE SPIROCHETE; CLINICAL-MANIFESTATIONS; SP-NOV; PROTEIN; BINDING; EXPRESSION; VLSE AB Borrelia mayonii, a Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) genospecies, was recently identified as a cause of Lyme borreliosis (LB) among patients from the upper midwestern United States. By microscopy and PCR, spirochete/genome loads in infected patients were estimated at 10(5) to 10(6) per milliliter of blood. Here, we present the full chromosome and plasmid sequences of two B. mayonii isolates, MN14-1420 and MN14-1539, cultured from blood of two of these patients. Whole genome sequencing and assembly was conducted using Pac-Bio long read sequencing (Pacific Biosciences RSII instrument) followed by hierarchical genome-assembly process (HGAP). The B. mayonii genome is similar to 1.31 Mbp in size (26.9% average GC content) and is comprised of a linear chromosome, 8 linear and 7 circular plasmids. Consistent with its taxonomic designation as a new Bbsl genospecies, the B. mayonii linear chromosome shares only 93.83% average nucleotide identity with other genospecies. Both B. mayonii genomes contain plasmids similar to B. burgdorferi sensu stricto lp54, lp36, lp28-3, lp28-4, lp25, lp17, lp5, 5 cp32s, cp26, and cp9. The vls locus present on lp28-10 of B. mayonii MN14-1420 is remarkably long, being comprised of 24 silent vls cassettes. Genetic differences between the two B. mayonii genomes are limited and include 15 single nucleotide variations as well as 7 fewer silent vls cassettes and a lack of the lp5 plasmid in MN14-1539. Notably, 68 homologs to proteins present in B. burgdorferi sensu stricto appear to be lacking from the B. mayonii genomes. These include the complement inhibitor, CspZ (BB_H06), the fibronectin binding protein, BB_K32, as well as multiple lipoproteins and proteins of unknown function. This study shows the utility of long read sequencing for full genome assembly of Bbsl genomes, identifies putative genome regions of B. mayonii that may be linked to clinical manifestation or tissue tropism, and provides a valuable resource for pathogenicity, diagnostic and vaccine studies. C1 [Kingry, Luke C.; Replogle, Adam; Petersen, Jeannine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Batra, Dhwani; Rowe, Lori A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Resources, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pritt, Bobbi S.] Mayo Clin, Div Clin Microbiol, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nzp0@cdc.gov OI Kingry, Luke/0000-0002-5724-2575 FU Advanced Molecular Detection (AMD) initiative at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was made possible through support from the Advanced Molecular Detection (AMD) initiative at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 28 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0168994 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0168994 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EG7JB UT WOS:000391222000097 PM 28030649 ER PT J AU Dunne, EM Mantanitobua, S Singh, SP Reyburn, R Tuivaga, E Rafai, E Tikoduadua, L Porter, B Satzke, C Strachan, JE Fox, KK Jenkins, KM Jenney, A Baro, S Mulholland, EK Kama, M Russell, FM AF Dunne, Eileen M. Mantanitobua, Silivia Singh, Shalini P. Reyburn, Rita Tuivaga, Evelyn Rafai, Eric Tikoduadua, Lisi Porter, Barbara Satzke, Catherine Strachan, Janet E. Fox, Kimberly K. Jenkins, Kylie M. Jenney, Adam Baro, Silo Mulholland, E. Kim Kama, Mike Russell, Fiona M. TI Real-time qPCR improves meningitis pathogen detection in invasive bacterial-vaccine preventable disease surveillance in Fiji SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; SOUTH-AFRICA; NEW-ZEALAND; CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB As part of the World Health Organization Invasive Bacterial-Vaccine Preventable Diseases (IB-VPD) surveillance in Suva, Fiji, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from suspected meningitis patients of all ages were examined by traditional methods (culture, Gram stain, and latex agglutination for bacterial antigen) and qPCR for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Of 266 samples tested, pathogens were identified in 47 (17.7%). S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen detected (n = 17) followed by N. meningitidis (n = 13). The use of qPCR significantly increased detection of IB-VPD pathogens (P = 0.0001): of 35 samples that were qPCR positive for S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae, only 10 were culture positive. This was particularly relevant for N. meningitidis, as only 1/13 cases was culture positive. Molecular serotyping by microarray was used to determine pneumococcal serotypes from 9 of 16 (56%) of samples using DNA directly extracted from CSF specimens. Results indicate that qPCR significantly increases detection of S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae in CSF, and that application of molecular diagnostics is a feasible way to enhance local and global surveillance for IB-VPD. C1 [Dunne, Eileen M.; Reyburn, Rita; Porter, Barbara; Satzke, Catherine; Jenney, Adam; Mulholland, E. Kim; Russell, Fiona M.] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Infect & Immun, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Mantanitobua, Silivia; Singh, Shalini P.; Tuivaga, Evelyn; Rafai, Eric; Tikoduadua, Lisi; Baro, Silo; Kama, Mike] Minist Hlth & Med Serv, Suva, Fiji. [Satzke, Catherine] Univ Melbourne, Peter Doherty Inst Infect & Immun, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [Satzke, Catherine; Russell, Fiona M.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Strachan, Janet E.] Univ Melbourne, Microbiol Diagnost Unit, Publ Hlth Lab, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [Fox, Kimberly K.] WHO, Reg Off Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. [Jenkins, Kylie M.] Fiji Hlth Sect Support Program, Suva, Fiji. [Jenney, Adam] Fiji Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med Nursing & Hlth Sci, Suva, Fiji. [Mulholland, E. Kim] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Fox, Kimberly K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dunne, EM (reprint author), Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Infect & Immun, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM eileen.dunne@mcri.edu.au FU Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program; Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Australian Government; Fiji Health Sector Support Program (FHSSP); Australian National Health and Medical Research Council FX The authors wish to thank the clinical and laboratory staff at the Colonial War Memorial Hospital, especially Consultant Pathologist Dr Litia Tudravu, and the laboratory staff at Mataika House in Suva, Fiji. We thank the National Influenza Prevention Technical Working Group of Fiji for use of the PCR facility and Jason Hinds and Kate Gould from St. George's, University of London and BUGS Bioscience for assistance with microarray work. This study was supported by the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program and by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Australian Government and Fiji Health Sector Support Program (FHSSP). FHSSP is implemented by Abt JTA on behalf of the Australian Government. Fiona Russell and Catherine Satzke are supported by fellowships from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 23 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 39784 DI 10.1038/srep39784 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EG0XG UT WOS:000390755100001 PM 28009001 ER PT J AU Maenner, MJ Yeargin-Allsopp, M Braun, KV Christensen, DL Schieve, LA AF Maenner, Matthew J. Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn Braun, Kim Van Naarden Christensen, Deborah L. Schieve, Laura A. TI Development of a Machine Learning Algorithm for the Surveillance of Autism Spectrum Disorder SO PLoS One LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; COMORBIDITY; PREVALENCE; AGE AB The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network conducts population-based surveillance of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among 8-year old children in multiple US sites. To classify ASD, trained clinicians review developmental evaluations collected from multiple health and education sources to determine whether the child meets the ASD surveillance case criteria. The number of evaluations collected has dramatically increased since the year 2000, challenging the resources and timeliness of the surveillance system. We developed and evaluated a machine learning approach to classify case status in ADDM using words and phrases contained in children's developmental evaluations. We trained a random forest classifier using data from the 2008 Georgia ADDM site which included 1,162 children with 5,396 evaluations (601 children met ADDM ASD criteria using standard ADDM methods). The classifier used the words and phrases from the evaluations to predict ASD case status. We evaluated its performance on the 2010 Georgia ADDM surveillance data (1,450 children with 9,811 evaluations; 754 children met ADDM ASD criteria). We also estimated ASD prevalence using predictions from the classification algorithm. Overall, the machine learning approach predicted ASD case statuses that were 86.5% concordant with the clinician-determined case statuses (84.0% sensitivity, 89.4% predictive value positive). The area under the resulting receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.932. Algorithm-derived ASD "prevalence" was 1.46% compared to the published (clinician-determined) estimate of 1.55%. Using only the text contained in developmental evaluations, a machine learning algorithm was able to discriminate between children that do and do not meet ASD surveillance criteria at one surveillance site. C1 [Maenner, Matthew J.; Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn; Braun, Kim Van Naarden; Christensen, Deborah L.; Schieve, Laura A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Maenner, Matthew J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Maenner, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Maenner, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM xde8@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 21 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0168224 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0168224 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EI9TW UT WOS:000392853100035 PM 28002438 ER PT J AU Stobart, CC Rostad, CA Ke, ZL Dillard, RS Hampton, CM Strauss, JD Yi, H Hotard, AL Meng, J Pickles, RJ Sakamoto, K Lee, S Currier, MG Moin, SM Graham, BS Boukhvalova, MS Gilbert, BE Blanco, JCG Piedra, PA Wright, ER Moore, ML AF Stobart, Christopher C. Rostad, Christina A. Ke, Zunlong Dillard, Rebecca S. Hampton, Cheri M. Strauss, Joshua D. Yi, Hong Hotard, Anne L. Meng, Jia Pickles, Raymond J. Sakamoto, Kaori Lee, Sujin Currier, Michael G. Moin, Syed M. Graham, Barney S. Boukhvalova, Marina S. Gilbert, Brian E. Blanco, Jorge C. G. Piedra, Pedro A. Wright, Elizabeth R. Moore, Martin L. TI A live RSV vaccine with engineered thermostability is immunogenic in cotton rats despite high attenuation SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; REPLICATION IN-VITRO; FUSION GLYCOPROTEIN; F-PROTEIN; CRYOELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; NEUTRALIZING EPITOPES; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SH GENE; ANTIBODY AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of infant hospitalization and there remains no pediatric vaccine. RSV live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) have a history of safe testing in infants; however, achieving an effective balance of attenuation and immunogenicity has proven challenging. Here we seek to engineer an RSV LAV with enhanced immunogenicity. Genetic mapping identifies strain line 19 fusion (F) protein residues that correlate with pre-fusion antigen maintenance by ELISA and thermal stability of infectivity in live RSV. We generate a LAV candidate named OE4 which expresses line 19F and is attenuated by codon-deoptimization of non-structural (NS1 and NS2) genes, deletion of the small hydrophobic (SH) gene, codon-deoptimization of the attachment (G) gene and ablation of the secreted form of G. OE4 (RSV-A2-dNS1-dNS2-Delta SH-dG(m)-Gs(null)-line19F) exhibits elevated pre-fusion antigen levels, thermal stability, immunogenicity, and efficacy despite heavy attenuation in the upper and lower airways of cotton rats. C1 [Stobart, Christopher C.; Rostad, Christina A.; Dillard, Rebecca S.; Hampton, Cheri M.; Strauss, Joshua D.; Hotard, Anne L.; Meng, Jia; Lee, Sujin; Currier, Michael G.; Wright, Elizabeth R.; Moore, Martin L.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Stobart, Christopher C.; Rostad, Christina A.; Dillard, Rebecca S.; Hampton, Cheri M.; Strauss, Joshua D.; Hotard, Anne L.; Meng, Jia; Lee, Sujin; Currier, Michael G.; Wright, Elizabeth R.; Moore, Martin L.] Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ke, Zunlong] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Yi, Hong; Wright, Elizabeth R.] Emory Univ, Robert P Apkarian Integrated Electron Microscopy, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Pickles, Raymond J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Sakamoto, Kaori] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Moin, Syed M.; Graham, Barney S.] NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Boukhvalova, Marina S.; Blanco, Jorge C. G.] Sigmovir Biosyst Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Gilbert, Brian E.; Piedra, Pedro A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Piedra, Pedro A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Stobart, Christopher C.] Butler Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA. [Hotard, Anne L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Meng, Jia] Alios BioPharma Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Wright, ER; Moore, ML (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.; Wright, ER; Moore, ML (reprint author), Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.; Wright, ER (reprint author), Emory Univ, Robert P Apkarian Integrated Electron Microscopy, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM erwrigh@emory.edu; martin.moore@emory.edu FU Emory Children's Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV); Emory University; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; Georgia Research Alliance; Center for AIDS Research at Emory University [P30 AI050409]; James B. Pendleton Charitable Trust; NIH [R21 AI101775, R01 GM114561]; NSF [0923395, S10 RR025679]; Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [HHSN272201000004I]; [R01 AI087798]; [U19 AI095227]; [T32 AI074492]; [K12 HD072245] FX This work was supported by R01 AI087798 (M.L.M.), U19 AI095227 (M.L.M.), T32 AI074492 (C.C.S.), K12 HD072245 (C.A.R.), and the Emory Children's Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV). This work was also supported in part by Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Georgia Research Alliance to E.R.W.; the Center for AIDS Research at Emory University (P30 AI050409); the James B. Pendleton Charitable Trust to E.R.W.; public health service grants R21 AI101775, R01 GM114561, to E.R.W. from the NIH, and NSF grant 0923395 to E.R.W., and S10 RR025679. We thank Ursula Buchholz (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD) for the BSR-T7/5 cells used for virus recovery; Michael Teng (University of South Florida, Tampa, FL) for the rabbit antisera against NS1 and NS2 used for Western blot analysis; Nancy Ulbrandt (MedImmune, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD) for motavizumab; Jeannette Taylor (Emory University, Atlanta, GA) for her assistance and guidance with the TEM immunolabeling experiments; John Heumann (University of Colorado, Boulder, CO) for his advice using PEET; and the Robert P. Apkarian Integrated Electron Microscopy Core of Emory University for microscopy services. The cotton rat studies performed at Baylor College of Medicine were supported by the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (HHSN272201000004I). NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD DEC 21 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 13916 DI 10.1038/ncomms13916 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EF3JW UT WOS:000390221700001 PM 28000669 ER PT J AU Ye, XY Wong, LY Dwivedi, P Zhou, XL Jia, T Calafat, AM AF Ye, Xiaoyun Wong, Lee-Yang Dwivedi, Prabha Zhou, Xiaoliu Jia, Tao Calafat, Antonia M. TI Urinary Concentrations of the Antibacterial Agent Triclocarban in United States Residents: 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BISPHENOL-A; IN-VITRO; TRICLOSAN; EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; PHENOLS; 3,4,4'-TRICHLOROCARBANILIDE; EXCRETION AB Triclocarban is widely used as an antibacterial agent in personal care products, and the potential for human exposure exists. We present here the first nationally representative assessment of exposure to triclocarban among Americans >= 6 years of age who participated in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We detected triclocarban at concentrations above 0.1 mu g/L in 36.9% of 2686 urine samples examined. Triclocarban was detected more frequently in adolescents and adults than in children, and in non-Hispanic black compared to other ethnic groups. In univariate analysis, log-creatinine, sex, age, race, and body surface area (BSA) were significantly associated with the likelihood of having triclocarban concentrations above the 95th percentile. In multiple regression models, persons with BSA at or above the median (>= 1.86 m(2)) were 2.43 times more likely than others, and non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white were 3.71 times and 2.23 times more likely than "all Hispanic," respectively, to have urinary concentrations above the 95th percentile. We found no correlations between urinary concentrations of triclocarban and triclosan, another commonly used antibacterial agent. Observed differences among demographic groups examined may reflect differences in physiological factors (i.e., BSA) as well as use of personal care products containing triclocarban. C1 [Ye, Xiaoyun; Wong, Lee-Yang; Dwivedi, Prabha; Zhou, Xiaoliu; Jia, Tao; Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ye, XY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM xay5@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 24 BP 13548 EP 13554 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b04668 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF8ZQ UT WOS:000390620900044 PM 27993070 ER PT J AU Harpaz, R Dahl, RM Dooling, KL AF Harpaz, Rafael Dahl, Rebecca M. Dooling, Kathleen L. TI Prevalence of Immunosuppression Among US Adults, 2013 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID DISEASES C1 [Harpaz, Rafael; Dahl, Rebecca M.; Dooling, Kathleen L.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Harpaz, R (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM rzh6@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 316 IS 23 BP 2547 EP 2548 DI 10.1001/jama.2016.16477 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EG3QH UT WOS:000390959300023 PM 27792809 ER PT J AU Frieden, TR AF Frieden, Thomas R. TI Reducing Sodium Intake in the Population Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID REDUCTION C1 [Frieden, Thomas R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Frieden, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tfrieden@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 316 IS 23 BP 2550 EP 2551 DI 10.1001/jama.2016.16106 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EG3QH UT WOS:000390959300027 PM 27997649 ER PT J AU Becker, AD Birger, RB Teillant, A Gastanaduy, PA Wallace, GS Grenfella, BT AF Becker, Alexander D. Birger, Ruthie B. Teillant, Aude Gastanaduy, Paul A. Wallace, Gregory S. Grenfell, Bryan T. TI Estimating enhanced prevaccination measles transmission hotspots in the context of cross-scale dynamics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cross-scale dynamics; measles; mathematical model; childhood infection; vaccine refusal ID DISEASE DYNAMICS; EPIDEMICS; MODELS; VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; POPULATION; INFERENCE; OUTBREAKS; RATES; PATTERNS AB A key question in clarifying human-environment interactions is how dynamic complexity develops across integrative scales from molecular to population and global levels. Apart from its public health importance, measles is an excellent test bed for such an analysis. Simple mechanistic models have successfully illuminated measles dynamics at the city and country levels, revealing seasonal forcing of transmission as a major driver of long-term epidemic behavior. Seasonal forcing ties closely to patterns of school aggregation at the individual and community levels, but there are few explicit estimates of school transmission due to the relative lack of epidemic data at this scale. Here, we use data from a 1904 measles outbreak in schools in Woolwich, London, coupled with a stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model to analyze measles incidence data. Our results indicate that transmission within schools and age classes is higher than previous population-level serological data would suggest. This analysis sheds quantitative light on the role of school-aged children in measles cross-scale dynamics, as we illustrate with references to the contemporary vaccination landscape. C1 [Becker, Alexander D.; Birger, Ruthie B.; Teillant, Aude; Grenfell, Bryan T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gastanaduy, Paul A.; Wallace, Gregory S.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Wallace, Gregory S.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Grenfell, Bryan T.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Becker, AD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM adbecker@princeton.edu FU Center for Health and Wellbeing at Princeton University; Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX We thank the Wellcome Collection for digitalizing the original documents. A.D.B. was supported by the Center for Health and Wellbeing at Princeton University. B.T.G. was supported by the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security, the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 51 BP 14595 EP 14600 DI 10.1073/pnas.1604976113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EF0VR UT WOS:000390044900039 PM 27872300 ER PT J AU Lucero, MG Inobaya, MT Nillos, LT Tan, AG Arguelles, VLF Dureza, CJC Mercado, ES Bautista, AN Tallo, VL Barrientos, AV Rodriguez, T Olveda, RM AF Lucero, Marilla G. Inobaya, Marianette T. Nillos, Leilani T. Tan, Alvin G. Arguelles, Vina Lea F. Dureza, Christine Joy C. Mercado, Edelwisa S. Bautista, Analisa N. Tallo, Veronica L. Barrientos, Agnes V. Rodriguez, Tomas Olveda, Remigio M. TI National Influenza Surveillance in the Philippines from 2006 to 2012: seasonality and circulating strains SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Influenza seasonality; Average epidemic curve; Seasonal threshold; Alert threshold; Circulating influenza strains; Influenza vaccine strains ID VIRUSES AB Background: The results of routine influenza surveillance in 13 regions in the Philippines from 2006 to 2012 are presented, describing the annual seasonal epidemics of confirmed influenza virus infection, seasonal and alert thresholds, epidemic curve, and circulating influenza strains. Methods: Retrospective analysis of Philippine influenza surveillance data from 2006 to 2012 was conducted to determine seasonality with the use of weekly influenza positivity rates and calculating epidemic curves and seasonal and alert thresholds using the World Health Organization (WHO) global epidemiological surveillance standards for influenza. Results: Increased weekly influenza positive rates were observed from June to November, coinciding with the rainy season and school opening. Two or more peaks of influenza activity were observed with different dominant influenza types associated with each peak. A-H1N1, A-H3N2, and two types of B viruses circulated during the influenza season in varying proportions every year. Increased influenza activity for 2012 occurred 8 weeks late in week 29, rather than the expected week of rise of cases in week 21 as depicted in the established average epidemic curve and seasonal threshold. The intensity was severe going above the alert threshold but of short duration. Southern Hemisphere vaccine strains matched circulating influenza virus for more surveillance years than Northern Hemisphere vaccine strains. Conclusions: Influenza seasonality in the Philippines is from June to November. The ideal time to administer Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine should be from April to May. With two lineages of influenza B circulating annually, quadrivalent vaccine might have more impact on influenza control than trivalent vaccine. Establishment of thresholds and average epidemic curve provide a tool for policy-makers to assess the intensity or severity of the current influenza epidemic even early in its course, to help plan more precisely resources necessary to control the outbreak. Influenza surveillance activities should be continued in the Philippines and funding for such activities should already be incorporated into the Philippine health budget. C1 [Lucero, Marilla G.; Inobaya, Marianette T.; Nillos, Leilani T.; Tan, Alvin G.; Arguelles, Vina Lea F.; Dureza, Christine Joy C.; Mercado, Edelwisa S.; Bautista, Analisa N.; Tallo, Veronica L.; Barrientos, Agnes V.; Olveda, Remigio M.] Filinvest Corp City, Res Inst Trop Med, Dept Hlth, Muntinlupa, Philippines. [Rodriguez, Tomas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lucero, MG (reprint author), Filinvest Corp City, Res Inst Trop Med, Dept Hlth, Muntinlupa, Philippines. EM marilla.lucero@gmail.com FU national influenza surveillance; National Influenza Surveillance of the DOH FX Funding for the national influenza surveillance as well as the BOD study conducted by the RITM-Tohoku University collaboration came from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The National Influenza Surveillance of the DOH conducted the surveillance according to a protocol submitted to the funding agency. The funding agency (CDC) did not participate in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data except for help by one of the authors in the comparison or matching of the vaccine strains circulating in the country and the strains available in the Southern and Northern Hemisphere vaccine. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD DEC 19 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 762 DI 10.1186/s12879-016-2087-9 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EF4EJ UT WOS:000390277300003 PM 27993136 ER PT J AU Xiang, NJ Li, XY Ren, RQ Wang, DY Zhou, SZ Greene, CM Song, Y Zhou, L Yang, L Davis, CT Zhang, Y Wang, YL Zhao, J Li, XD Iuliano, AD Havers, F Olsen, SJ Uyeki, TM Azziz-Baumgartner, E Trock, S Liu, B Sui, HT Huang, X Zhang, YP Ni, DX Feng, ZJ Shu, YL Li, Q AF Xiang, Nijuan Li, Xiyan Ren, Ruiqi Wang, Dayan Zhou, Suizan Greene, Carolyn M. Song, Ying Zhou, Lei Yang, Lei Davis, C. Todd Zhang, Ye Wang, Yali Zhao, Jian Li, Xiaodan Iuliano, A. Danielle Havers, Fiona Olsen, Sonja J. Uyeki, Timothy M. Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo Trock, Susan Liu, Bo Sui, Haitian Huang, Xu Zhang, Yanping Ni, Daxin Feng, Zijian Shu, Yuelong Li, Qun TI Assessing Change in Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Infections During the Fourth Epidemic - China, September 2015-August 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID A H7N9 VIRUS C1 [Xiang, Nijuan; Ren, Ruiqi; Zhou, Lei; Wang, Yali; Zhao, Jian; Liu, Bo; Sui, Haitian; Huang, Xu; Zhang, Yanping; Ni, Daxin; Li, Qun] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Emergency Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiyan; Wang, Dayan; Yang, Lei; Zhang, Ye; Li, Xiaodan; Shu, Yuelong] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Diag & Treatment Infect Di, Chinese Natl Influenza Ctr, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiyan; Wang, Dayan; Yang, Lei; Zhang, Ye; Li, Xiaodan; Huang, Xu] Natl Hlth & Family Planning Commiss, Key Lab Med Virol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Suizan; Greene, Carolyn M.; Song, Ying; Davis, C. Todd; Iuliano, A. Danielle; Havers, Fiona; Olsen, Sonja J.; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo; Trock, Susan] CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Feng, Zijian] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Emergency Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM liqun@chinacdc.cn NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 9 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 49 BP 1390 EP 1394 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF8YJ UT WOS:000390617600001 PM 27977644 ER PT J AU Razzaghi, H Quesnel-Crooks, S Sherman, R Joseph, R Kohler, B Andall-Brereton, G Ivey, MA Edwards, BK Mery, L Gawryszewski, V Saraiya, M AF Razzaghi, Hilda Quesnel-Crooks, Sarah Sherman, Recinda Joseph, Rachael Kohler, Betsy Andall-Brereton, Glennis Ivey, Marsha A. Edwards, Brenda K. Mery, Les Gawryszewski, Vilma Saraiya, Mona TI Leading Causes of Cancer Mortality - Caribbean Region, 2003-2013 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Razzaghi, Hilda; Joseph, Rachael; Saraiya, Mona] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Razzaghi, Hilda; Joseph, Rachael; Saraiya, Mona] US PHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Quesnel-Crooks, Sarah; Andall-Brereton, Glennis; Ivey, Marsha A.] Caribbean Publ Hlth Agcy, Port Of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. [Sherman, Recinda; Kohler, Betsy] North Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, Springfield, IL USA. [Edwards, Brenda K.] NCI, Rockville, MD USA. [Mery, Les] WHO, Int Agcy Res Canc, Lyon, France. [Gawryszewski, Vilma] WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. RP Razzaghi, H (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Razzaghi, H (reprint author), US PHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. EM Hrazzaghi@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 49 BP 1395 EP 1400 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF8YJ UT WOS:000390617600002 PM 27977639 ER PT J AU Kabore, HJ Desamu-Thorpe, R Jean-Charles, L Toews, KA Avchen, RN AF Kabore, Hyacinte Julien Desamu-Thorpe, Rodel Jean-Charles, Lisa Toews, Karrie-Ann Avchen, Rachel Nonkin TI Monitoring of Persons with Risk for Exposure to Ebola Virus - United States, November 3, 2014-December 27, 2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Kabore, Hyacinte Julien; Desamu-Thorpe, Rodel; Jean-Charles, Lisa; Toews, Karrie-Ann; Avchen, Rachel Nonkin] CDC, Div State & Local Readiness, Off Publ Hlth Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kabore, HJ (reprint author), CDC, Div State & Local Readiness, Off Publ Hlth Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yti2@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 49 BP 1401 EP 1404 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF8YJ UT WOS:000390617600003 PM 27977641 ER PT J AU Meites, E Kempe, A Markowitz, LE AF Meites, Elissa Kempe, Allison Markowitz, Lauri E. TI Use of a 2-Dose Schedule for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination - Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID HPV VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY; FEWER; GIRLS; WOMEN AB Recommendations for use of vaccines in children, adolescents and adults are developed by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). ACIP is chartered as a federal advisory committee to provide expert external advice and guidance to the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on use of vaccines and related agents for the control of vaccine preventable diseases in the civilian population of the United States. Recommendations for use of vaccines in children and adolescents are harmonized to the greatest extent possible with recommendations made by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Recommendations for routine use of vaccines in adults are harmonized with recommendations of AAFP, ACOG, and the American College of Physicians (ACP). ACIP recommendations approved by the CDC Director become agency guidelines on the date published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). Additional information about ACIP is available at https://www.cdc.govivaccineslacip. C1 [Meites, Elissa; Markowitz, Lauri E.] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kempe, Allison] Advisory Comm Immunizat Practices, HPV Vaccines Work Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kempe, Allison] Univ Colorado Anschutz Med Campus, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO USA. RP Meites, E (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM emeites@cdc.gov OI Meites, Elissa/0000-0002-0077-2591 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 49 BP 1405 EP 1408 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF8YJ UT WOS:000390617600004 PM 27977643 ER PT J AU Cuevas, EL Tong, VT Rozo, N Valencia, D Pacheco, O Gilboa, SM Mercado, M Renquist, CM Gonzalez, M Ailes, EC Duarte, C Godoshian, V Sancken, CL Turca, AMR Galles, DL Ayala, M Morgan, P Perez, ENT Bonilla, HQ Gomez, RC Estupinan, AC Gunturiz, ML Meaney-Delman, D Jamieson, DJ Honein, MA Martinez, MLO AF Liliana Cuevas, Esther Tong, Van T. Rozo, Nathaly Valencia, Diana Pacheco, Oscar Gilboa, Suzanne M. Mercado, Marcela Renquist, Christina M. Gonzalez, Maritza Ailes, Elizabeth C. Duarte, Carolina Godoshian, Valerie Sancken, Christina L. Rico Turca, Angelica Maria Galles, Dinorah L. Ayala, Martha Morgan, Paula Tolosa Perez, Erika Natalia Quijada Bonilla, Hernan Caceres Gomez, Ruben Carolina Estupinan, Ana Luz Gunturiz, Maria Meaney-Delman, Dana Jamieson, Denise J. Honein, Margaret A. Ospina Martinez, Martha Lucia TI Preliminary Report of Microcephaly Potentially Associated with Zika Virus Infection During Pregnancy - Colombia, January-November 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID BIRTH C1 [Liliana Cuevas, Esther; Rozo, Nathaly; Pacheco, Oscar; Mercado, Marcela; Gonzalez, Maritza; Duarte, Carolina; Rico Turca, Angelica Maria; Ayala, Martha; Tolosa Perez, Erika Natalia; Quijada Bonilla, Hernan; Caceres Gomez, Ruben; Luz Gunturiz, Maria; Ospina Martinez, Martha Lucia] Inst Nacl Salud, Bogota, Colombia. [Tong, Van T.; Valencia, Diana; Gilboa, Suzanne M.; Renquist, Christina M.; Ailes, Elizabeth C.; Godoshian, Valerie; Sancken, Christina L.; Galles, Dinorah L.; Morgan, Paula; Meaney-Delman, Dana; Jamieson, Denise J.; Honein, Margaret A.] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Carolina Estupinan, Ana] Minist Salud & Protecc Social, Bogota, Colombia. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zikamch@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 8 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 49 BP 1409 EP 1413 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF8YJ UT WOS:000390617600005 PM 27977645 ER PT J AU Janelle, SJ Kallen, A de Man, T Limbago, B Walters, M Halpin, A Xavier, K Knutsen, J Badolato, E Bamberg, WM AF Janelle, Sarah J. Kallen, Alexander de Man, Tom Limbago, Brandi Walters, Maroya Halpin, Alison Xavier, Karen Knutsen, Joyce Badolato, Elizabeth Bamberg, Wendy M. TI New Delhi Metallo-beta-Lactamase-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Identified in Patients Without Known Health Care Risk Factors - Colorado, 2014-2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Janelle, Sarah J.; Xavier, Karen; Knutsen, Joyce; Badolato, Elizabeth; Bamberg, Wendy M.] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Kallen, Alexander; de Man, Tom; Limbago, Brandi; Walters, Maroya; Halpin, Alison] CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Janelle, SJ (reprint author), Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. EM Sarah.Janelle@state.co.us NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 49 BP 1414 EP 1415 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF8YJ UT WOS:000390617600006 PM 27977640 ER PT J AU Jenness, SM Goodreau, SM Rosenberg, E Beylerian, EN Hoover, KW Smith, DK Sullivan, P AF Jenness, Samuel M. Goodreau, Steven M. Rosenberg, Eli Beylerian, Emily N. Hoover, Karen W. Smith, Dawn K. Sullivan, Patrick TI Impact of the Centers for Disease Control's HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Guidelines for Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE HIV; men who have sex with men; preexposure prophylaxis; clinical guidelines; mathematical model; sexual network ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; TRANSGENDER WOMEN; WHITE MEN; PREVENTION; RISK; INFECTION; ATLANTA; ANTIRETROVIRALS; PREVALENCE; RESISTANCE AB Background. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) within trial settings. Population impact will depend on clinical indications for PrEP initiation, coverage levels, and drug adherence. No modeling studies have estimated the impact of clinical practice guidelines for PrEP issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Methods. Mathematical models of HIV transmission among MSM were used to estimate the percentage of infections averted (PIA) and the number needed to treat (NNT) under behavioral indications of the CDC's PrEP guidelines. We modeled the contribution of these indications while varying treatment coverage and adherence. Results. At 40% coverage of indicated MSM over the next decade, application of CDC guidelines would avert 1162 infections per 100 000 person-years, 33.0% of expected infections. The predicted NNT for the guidelines would be 25. Increasing coverage and adherence jointly raise the PIA, but reductions to the NNT were associated with better adherence only. Conclusions. Implementation of CDC PrEP guidelines would result in strong and sustained reductions in HIV incidence among MSM in the United States. The guidelines strike a good balance between epidemiological impact (PIA) and efficiency (NNT) at plausible scale-up levels. Adherence counseling could maximize public health investment in PrEP by decreasing the NNT. C1 [Jenness, Samuel M.; Rosenberg, Eli; Sullivan, Patrick] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick] Emory Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Hoover, Karen W.; Smith, Dawn K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Goodreau, Steven M.] Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beylerian, Emily N.] Univ Washington, Ctr Studies Demog & Ecol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Jenness, SM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM samuel.m.jenness@emory.edu FU CDC [U38 PS004646]; National Institutes of Health [R01 HD068395, R21 HD075662, R24 HD042828]; Emory Center for AIDS Research [P30 AI050409] FX This work was supported by CDC (grant: U38 PS004646), the National Institutes of Health (grants: R01 HD068395, R21 HD075662, and R24 HD042828), and the Emory Center for AIDS Research (grant: P30 AI050409). NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 214 IS 12 BP 1800 EP 1807 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiw223 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EJ3RT UT WOS:000393130000005 PM 27418048 ER PT J AU Aronson, N Herwaldt, BL Libman, M Pearson, R Lopez-Velez, R Weina, P Carvalho, EM Ephros, M Jeronimo, S Magill, A AF Aronson, Naomi Herwaldt, Barbara L. Libman, Michael Pearson, Richard Lopez-Velez, Rogelio Weina, Peter Carvalho, Edgar M. Ephros, Moshe Jeronimo, Selma Magill, Alan TI Diagnosis and Treatment of Leishmaniasis: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH) SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cutaneous leishmaniasis; mucosal leishmaniasis; visceral leishmaniasis; immunocompromised host; leishmaniasis diagnostic testing ID VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS AB It is important to realize that leishmaniasis guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. The IDSA and ASTMH consider adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determinations regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances. C1 [Aronson, Naomi] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Herwaldt, Barbara L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Libman, Michael] McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Pearson, Richard] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Lopez-Velez, Rogelio] Ramon & Cajal Univ Hosp, Madrid, Spain. [Weina, Peter] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Carvalho, Edgar M.] Fiocruz MS, Goncalo Moniz Res Ctr, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Ephros, Moshe] Carmel Hosp, Haifa, Israel. [Jeronimo, Selma] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. [Magill, Alan] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. RP Aronson, N (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM naomi.aronson@usuhs.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 12 BP 1539 EP 1557 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw742 PG 19 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EI7WW UT WOS:000392716100003 PM 27941143 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, RK Nowalk, MP Chung, J Jackson, ML Jackson, LA Petrie, JG Monto, AS McLean, HQ Belongia, EA Gaglani, M Murthy, K Fry, AM Flannery, B AF Zimmerman, Richard K. Nowalk, Mary Patricia Chung, Jessie Jackson, Michael L. Jackson, Lisa A. Petrie, Joshua G. Monto, Arnold S. McLean, Huong Q. Belongia, Edward A. Gaglani, Manjusha Murthy, Kempapura Fry, Alicia M. Flannery, Brendan CA US Flu VE Investigators TI 2014-2015 Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States by Vaccine Type SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; vaccine effectiveness ID TEST-NEGATIVE DESIGN; SEASONAL INFLUENZA; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; VIRUS; AGE; RECOMMENDATIONS; PREVENTION; PROTECTION AB Background. Circulating A/H3N2 influenza viruses drifted significantly after strain selection for the 2014-2015 vaccines. Also in 2014-2015, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended preferential use of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) over inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) among children aged 2-8 years. Methods. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) across age groups and vaccine types was examined among outpatients with acute respiratory illness at 5 US sites using a test-negative design, that compared the odds of vaccination among reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed influenza positives and negatives. Results. Of 9311 enrollees with complete data, 7078 (76%) were influenza negative, 1840 (19.8%) were positive for influenza A (A/H3N2, n = 1817), and 395 (4.2%) were positive for influenza B (B/Yamagata, n = 340). The overall adjusted VE was 19% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10% to 27%) and was statistically significant in all age strata except those aged 18-64 years. The adjusted VE of 6% (95% CI, -5% to 17%) against A/H3N2-associated illness was not statistically significant, unlike VE for influenza B/Yamagata, which was 55% (95% CI, 43% to 65%). Among those aged 2-8 years, VE against A/H3N2 was 15% (95% CI, - 16% to 38%) for IIV and -3% (CI, -50% to 29%) for LAIV; VE against B/Yamagata was 40% (95% CI, -20% to 70%) for IIV and 74% (95% CI, 25% to 91%) for LAIV. Conclusions. The 2014-2015 influenza vaccines offered little protection against the predominant influenza A/H3N2 virus but were effective against influenza B. Preferential use of LAIV among young children was not supported. C1 [Zimmerman, Richard K.; Nowalk, Mary Patricia] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Chung, Jessie; Fry, Alicia M.; Flannery, Brendan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jackson, Michael L.; Jackson, Lisa A.] Grp Hlth Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [Petrie, Joshua G.; Monto, Arnold S.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [McLean, Huong Q.; Belongia, Edward A.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI USA. [Gaglani, Manjusha; Murthy, Kempapura] Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Med, Baylor Scott & White Hlth, Temple, TX USA. RP Zimmerman, RK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Family Med, Ste 520,4420 Bayard Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM zimmer@pitt.edu FU CDC; University of Michigan [U01 IP000474]; Group Health Research Institute [U01 IP000466]; Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation [U01 IP000471]; University of Pittsburgh [U01 IP000467]; Baylor Scott and White Health [U01 IP000473]; NIH [UL1 RR024153, UL1TR000005] FX This work was supported by the CDC through cooperative agreements with the University of Michigan (U01 IP000474), Group Health Research Institute (U01 IP000466), Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation (U01 IP000471), University of Pittsburgh (U01 IP000467), and Baylor Scott and White Health (U01 IP000473) and by the NIH (grants UL1 RR024153 and UL1TR000005 to the University of Pittsburgh). NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 12 BP 1564 EP 1573 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw635 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EI7WW UT WOS:000392716100005 PM 27702768 ER PT J AU Moore, MS Ivanina, E Bornschlegel, K Qiao, BZ Schymura, MJ Laraque, F AF Moore, Miranda S. Ivanina, Elena Bornschlegel, Katherine Qiao, Baozhen Schymura, Maria J. Laraque, Fabienne TI Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Viral Hepatitis in New York City SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE hepatocellular carcinoma; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; survival; screening ID UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; DEATHS AB Background. The incidence and mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are increasing in the United States. Viral hepatitis infection is a primary risk factor for HCC. This study describes the relationship between viral hepatitis and HCC in New York City (NYC). Methods. Viral hepatitis cases reported to the NYC Department of Health from 1999-2012 were matched to HCC cases diagnosed from 2001 to 2012 and reported to the New York State Cancer Registry. HCC cases were stratified by the presence or absence of viral hepatitis. Demographic characteristics, factors associated with specific causes of death, and survival time were analyzed for all HCC cases. Results. From 2001-2012, a total of 8827 NYC residents had HCC diagnosed; 38.4% had hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 17.9% had hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and 2.2% had both. Patients with HCC were predominantly men (74.8%), with equal proportions of white non-Hispanic (28.6%) and Hispanic (28.9%) patients. Those with HBV infection were primarily Asian/Pacific Islanders (63.2%). The median survival time after HCC diagnosis for persons with HBV infection was 22.3 months, compared with 13.1 months for persons with HCV infection, and 6.9 months for noninfected persons. The 5-year survival rate was 37.5% for those with HBV infection, 20.0% for those with HCV infection, 29.5% among coinfected individuals, and 16.1% for those with neither infection reported. Conclusions. In NYC, most persons with HCC have viral hepatitis; the majority of viral hepatitis infections are due to HCV. Survival for persons with HCC differs widely by viral hepatitis status. This study highlights the importance of viral hepatitis prevention and treatment and HCC screening. C1 [Moore, Miranda S.; Ivanina, Elena; Bornschlegel, Katherine; Laraque, Fabienne] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Queens, GA USA. [Qiao, Baozhen; Schymura, Maria J.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Moore, Miranda S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Appl Epidemiol Fellowship, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Laraque, F (reprint author), NYC Dept Social Serv, Homeless Serv, 33 Beaver St,13th Fl, New York, NY 10004 USA. EM flaraque@dhs.nyc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [1U38OT000143-03]; American Cancer Society [124287-PTAPM-04-079-13-PTAPM]; CDC [5U58DP003879] FX This work was supported by an appointment to the Applied Epidemiology Fellowship Program, administered by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (cooperative agreement 1U38OT000143-03 to M. S. M.); by the American Cancer Society (Physician Training Award in Cancer Prevention 124287-PTAPM-04-079-13-PTAPM to E. I.); and by the CDC (cooperative agreement 5U58DP003879 awarded to the New York State Department of Health for B. Q.). NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 12 BP 1577 EP 1583 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw605 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EI7WW UT WOS:000392716100007 PM 27585801 ER PT J AU Spivak, ES Cosgrove, SE Srinivasan, A AF Spivak, Emily S. Cosgrove, Sara E. Srinivasan, Arjun TI Measuring Appropriate Antimicrobial Use: Attempts at Opening the Black Box SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antibiotic; quality; antimicrobial stewardship; drug resistance; utilization ID POINT-PREVALENCE SURVEY; ANTIBIOTIC USE; NURSING-HOMES; THERAPY; HOSPITALS; IMPACT; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY; INFECTION; DURATION AB Indiscriminate antimicrobial use has plagued medicine since antibiotics were first introduced into clinical practice >70 years ago. Infectious diseases physicians and public health officials have advocated for preservation of these life-saving drugs for many years. With rising burden of antimicrobial-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile infections, halting unnecessary antimicrobial use has become one of the largest public health concerns of our time. Inappropriate antimicrobial use has been quantified in various settings using numerous definitions; however, no established reference standard exists. With mounting national efforts to improve antimicrobial use, a consensus definition and standard method of measuring appropriate antimicrobial use is imperative. We review existing literature on systematic approaches to define and measure appropriate antimicrobial use, and describe a collaborative effort at developing standardized audit tools for assessing the quality of antimicrobial prescribing. C1 [Spivak, Emily S.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Cosgrove, Sara E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Spivak, ES (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Div Infect Dis,VA Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, 30 N 1900 E,Rm 4B319, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM emily.spivak@hsc.utah.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 12 BP 1639 EP 1644 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw658 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EI7WW UT WOS:000392716100019 PM 27682070 ER PT J AU Aronson, N Herwaldt, BL Libman, M Pearson, R Lopez-Velez, R Weina, P Carvalho, EM Ephros, M Jeronimo, S Magill, A AF Aronson, Naomi Herwaldt, Barbara L. Libman, Michael Pearson, Richard Lopez-Velez, Rogelio Weina, Peter Carvalho, Edgar M. Ephros, Moshe Jeronimo, Selma Magill, Alan TI Diagnosis and Treatment of Leishmaniasis: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH) SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cutaneous leishmaniasis; mucosal leishmaniasis; visceral leishmaniasis; immunocompromised host; leishmaniasis diagnostic testing ID LIPOSOMAL AMPHOTERICIN-B; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INDIAN VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; WORLD CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; AZAR DERMAL LEISHMANIASIS; RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; INTRALESIONAL MEGLUMINE ANTIMONIATE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DIRECT AGGLUTINATION-TEST AB It is important to realize that leishmaniasis guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. The IDSA and ASTMH consider adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determinations regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances. C1 [Aronson, Naomi] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Herwaldt, Barbara L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Libman, Michael] McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Pearson, Richard] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Lopez-Velez, Rogelio] Ramon & Cajal Univ Hosp, Madrid, Spain. [Weina, Peter] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Carvalho, Edgar M.] Fiocruz MS, Goncalo Moniz Res Ctr, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Ephros, Moshe] Carmel Hosp, Haifa, Israel. [Jeronimo, Selma] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. [Magill, Alan] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. RP Aronson, N (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM naomi.aronson@usuhs.edu NR 502 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 12 BP E202 EP E264 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw670 PG 63 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EI7WW UT WOS:000392716100001 PM 27941151 ER PT J AU Charette, MF Oh, YS Maric-Bilkan, C Scott, LL Wu, CC Eblen, M Pearson, K Tolunay, HE Galis, ZS AF Charette, Marc F. Oh, Young S. Maric-Bilkan, Christine Scott, Lindsey L. Wu, Charles C. Eblen, Matthew Pearson, Katrina Tolunay, H. Eser Galis, Zorina S. TI Shifting Demographics among Research Project Grant Awardees at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB The present study was initiated because of concerns expressed by NHLBI-funded midcareer investigators regarding perceived difficulties in the renewal of their grant awards. This led us to ask: "Are mid-career investigators experiencing disproportionate difficulties in the advancement of their professional careers?" Our portfolio analysis indicates that there has been a significant and evolving shift in the demographics of research project grant (RPG) awardees at NHLBI. In 1998, mid-career (ages 41-55) investigators constituted approximately 60% of all investigators with the remaining 40% being equally divided between early-stage (ages 24-40) investigators and established (ages 56 to 70 and older) investigators. However, since 1998, the proportion of established RPG awardees has been increasing in a slowly progressive and strikingly linear fashion. At the same time the proportion of early-stage awardees fell precipitously until 2006 and then stabilized. During the same period, the proportion of mid-career awardees, which had been relatively stable through 2006, began to fall significantly. In examining potential causes of these demographic shifts we have identified certain inherent properties within the RPG award system that appear to promote an increasingly more established awardee population and a persistent decrease in the proportion of mid-career investigators. A collateral result of these demographic shifts, when combined with level or declining funding, is a significant reduction in the number of RPG awards received by NHLBI mid-career investigators and a corresponding decrease in the number of independent research laboratories. C1 [Charette, Marc F.; Oh, Young S.; Maric-Bilkan, Christine; Tolunay, H. Eser; Galis, Zorina S.] NHLBI, Vasc Biol & Hypertens Branch, Div Cardiovasc Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Scott, Lindsey L.; Wu, Charles C.; Pearson, Katrina] NIH, Stat Anal & Reporting Branch, Off Planning Anal & Commun, Off Extramural Res, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Eblen, Matthew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Sci Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Charette, MF (reprint author), NHLBI, Vasc Biol & Hypertens Branch, Div Cardiovasc Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM marc.charette@nih.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0168511 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0168511 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EG7HN UT WOS:000391217400115 PM 27978544 ER PT J AU Cheng, YLJ Gregg, EW Rolka, DB Thompson, TJ AF Cheng, Yiling J. Gregg, Edward W. Rolka, Deborah B. Thompson, Theodore J. TI Using multi-year national survey cohorts for period estimates: an application of weighted discrete Poisson regression for assessing annual national mortality in US adults with and without diabetes, 2000-2006 SO POPULATION HEALTH METRICS LA English DT Article DE Complex survey; Surveillance; Mortality; Survival analysis; Discrete survival time; Poisson regression ID TIME-SCALE; BINARY DATA; MODELS; CHOICE; PREVALENCE; PREDICTORS AB Background: Monitoring national mortality among persons with a disease is important to guide and evaluate progress in disease control and prevention. However, a method to estimate nationally representative annual mortality among persons with and without diabetes in the United States does not currently exist. The aim of this study is to demonstrate use of weighted discrete Poisson regression on national survey mortality follow-up data to estimate annual mortality rates among adults with diabetes. Methods: To estimate mortality among US adults with diabetes, we applied a weighted discrete time-to-event Poisson regression approach with post-stratification adjustment to national survey data. Adult participants aged 18 or older with and without diabetes in the National Health Interview Survey 1997-2004 were followed up through 2006 for mortality status. We estimated mortality among all US adults, and by self-reported diabetes status at baseline. The time-varying covariates used were age and calendar year. Mortality among all US adults was validated using direct estimates from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). Results: Using our approach, annual all-cause mortality among all US adults ranged from 8.8 deaths per 1,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.0, 9.6) in year 2000 to 7.9 (95% CI: 7.6, 8.3) in year 2006. By comparison, the NVSS estimates ranged from 8.6 to 7.9 (correlation = 0.94). All-cause mortality among persons with diabetes decreased from 35.7 (95% CI: 28.4, 42.9) in 2000 to 31.8 (95% CI: 28.5, 35.1) in 2006. After adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, persons with diabetes had 2.1 (95% CI: 2.01, 2.26) times the risk of death of those without diabetes. Conclusion: Period-specific national mortality can be estimated for people with and without a chronic condition using national surveys with mortality follow-up and a discrete time-to-event Poisson regression approach with post-stratification adjustment. C1 [Cheng, Yiling J.; Gregg, Edward W.; Rolka, Deborah B.; Thompson, Theodore J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS F-73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cheng, YLJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS F-73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ycheng@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1478-7954 J9 POPUL HEALTH METR JI Popul. Health Metr. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 14 AR 48 DI 10.1186/s12963-016-0117-x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF4HW UT WOS:000390287000001 PM 27978825 ER PT J AU Honein, MA Jamieson, DJ AF Honein, Margaret A. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Monitoring and Preventing Congenital Zika Syndrome SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; MALFORMATIONS C1 [Honein, Margaret A.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 375 IS 24 BP 2393 EP 2394 DI 10.1056/NEJMe1613368 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EF0SO UT WOS:000390036500013 PM 27960068 ER PT J AU Califf, RM Robb, MA Bindman, AB Briggs, JP Collins, FS Conway, PH Coster, TS Cunningham, FE De Lew, N DeSalvo, KB Dymek, C Dzau, VJ Fleurence, RL Frank, RG Gaziano, M Kaufmann, P Lauer, M Marks, PW McGinnis, JM Richards, C Selby, JV Shulkin, DJ Shuren, J Slavitt, AM Smith, SR Washington, BV White, PJ Woodcock, J Woodson, J Sherman, RE AF Califf, Robert M. Robb, Melissa A. Bindman, Andrew B. Briggs, Josephine P. Collins, Francis S. Conway, Patrick H. Coster, Trinka S. Cunningham, Francesca E. De Lew, Nancy DeSalvo, Karen B. Dymek, Christine Dzau, Victor J. Fleurence, Rachael L. Frank, Richard G. Gaziano, Michael Kaufmann, Petra Lauer, Michael Marks, Peter W. McGinnis, J. Michael Richards, Chesley Selby, Joe V. Shulkin, David J. Shuren, Jeffrey Slavitt, Andrew M. Smith, Scott R. Washington, B. Vindell White, P. Jon Woodcock, Janet Woodson, Jonathan Sherman, Rachel E. TI Transforming Evidence Generation to Support Health and Health Care Decisions SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TECHNOLOGY; GUIDELINES; SYSTEM C1 [Califf, Robert M.; Sherman, Rachel E.] US FDA, Off Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Robb, Melissa A.; Sherman, Rachel E.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Marks, Peter W.] US FDA, Biol Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Shuren, Jeffrey] US FDA, Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Bindman, Andrew B.] Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Off Director, Rockville, MD USA. [Dymek, Christine] Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Evidence & Practice Improvement, Rockville, MD USA. [Briggs, Josephine P.] NIH, Natl Ctr Complementary & Integrat Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Collins, Francis S.] NIH, Off Director, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kaufmann, Petra] NIH, Natl Ctr Adv Translat Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Lauer, Michael] NIH, Off Extramural Res Act, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Conway, Patrick H.; Slavitt, Andrew M.] Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. [Coster, Trinka S.] US Army, Off Surg Gen Pharmacovigilance Ctr, Falls Church, VA USA. [Shulkin, David J.] Dept Vet Affairs, Off Secretary Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [De Lew, Nancy; DeSalvo, Karen B.] Off Assistant Secretary Planning & Evaluat, Off Hlth Policy, Washington, DC USA. [DeSalvo, Karen B.] Off Assistant Secretary Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Washington, B. Vindell; White, P. Jon] Off Natl Coordinator Hlth Informat Technol, Washington, DC USA. [Dzau, Victor J.; McGinnis, J. Michael] Natl Acad Med, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Fleurence, Rachael L.; Selby, Joe V.] Patient Centered Outcomes Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Cunningham, Francesca E.] Dept Vet Affairs, Ctr Medicat Safety, Hines, IL USA. [Frank, Richard G.] Harvard Univ, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [McGinnis, J. Michael] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Aging, Mill Veteran Program, Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [McGinnis, J. Michael] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. [Woodson, Jonathan] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Richards, Chesley] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Sci Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Califf, RM (reprint author), US FDA, Off Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 375 IS 24 BP 2395 EP 2400 DI 10.1056/NEJMsb1610128 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EF0SO UT WOS:000390036500014 PM 27974039 ER PT J AU Cogswell, ME Frieden, TR AF Cogswell, Mary E. Frieden, Thomas R. TI Dietary Sodium and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID TRIALS C1 [Cogswell, Mary E.; Frieden, Thomas R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cogswell, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcogswell@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 375 IS 24 BP 2407 EP 2408 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EF0SO UT WOS:000390036500025 PM 27974027 ER PT J AU Gust, DA Soud, F Hardnett, FP Malotte, CK Rose, C Kebaabetswe, P Makgekgenene, L Henderson, F Paxton, L Segolodi, T Kilmarx, PH AF Gust, Deborah A. Soud, Fatma Hardnett, Felicia P. Malotte, Charles K. Rose, Charles Kebaabetswe, Poloko Makgekgenene, Lebogang Henderson, Faith Paxton, Lynn Segolodi, Tebogo Kilmarx, Peter H. TI Evaluation of Sexual Risk Behavior Among Study Participants in the TDF2 PrEP Study Among Heterosexual Adults in Botswana SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE clinical trial; tenofovir/emtricitabine; risk compensation; sexual risk behavior ID VACCINE EFFICACY TRIAL; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV-INFECTION; PREEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIRETROVIRAL PROPHYLAXIS; TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; EDUCATIONAL-ATTAINMENT; MALE CIRCUMCISION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Objective: Among participants of a clinical trial to test the efficacy of tenofovir/emtricitabine in protecting heterosexual men and women living in Botswana from HIV infection, the aim was to determine (1) if sexual risk behavior, specifically condomless sex acts and number of sex partners, changed over time, (2) factors associated with condomless sex acts and number of sex partners, and (3) the effect of participant treatment arm perception on risk behavior to address the possibility of risk compensation. Methods: A longitudinal modeling of rates of risk behaviors was used to determine if the rate of condomless sex acts (#acts/person) and rate of sex partners (#partners/person) changed over time and which factors were associated with behavior change. Results: One thousand two hundred participants were analyzed over 1 year. There was a 25% decrease in the rate of sex partners among participants sexually active in the last 30 days. The rate of reported condomless sex acts was greater for males [rate ratio (RR) = 1.34; confidence interval (CI): 1.07 to 1.67] and participants whose sexual debut in years was <= 15 years of age (RR = 1.65; CI: 1.14 to 2.38) and 16-17 (RR = 1.68; CI: 1.22 to 2.31) compared with those >= 20 years. Rate of reported sex partners was greater for males (RR = 3.67; CI: 2.86 to 4.71) and participants whose age at sexual debut in years was <= 15 (RR = 2.92; CI: 2.01 to 4.22) and 16-17 (RR = 2.34; CI: 1.69 to 3.24) compared with those >= 20. There was no effect of participant treatment arm perception on risk behavior. Conclusions: Our study of preexposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV infection found no evidence of risk compensation which may have been due to participants' motivations to reduce their risk behaviors and risk-reduction counseling. C1 [Gust, Deborah A.; Soud, Fatma; Hardnett, Felicia P.; Rose, Charles; Henderson, Faith; Paxton, Lynn; Kilmarx, Peter H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Malotte, Charles K.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Ctr Healthcare Innovat, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Malotte, Charles K.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Hlth Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Kebaabetswe, Poloko; Makgekgenene, Lebogang] Univ Botswana, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Fac Med, Gaborone, Botswana. [Segolodi, Tebogo] CDC Botswana, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Gaborone, Botswana. [Kilmarx, Peter H.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gust, DA (reprint author), Clin Trials Team, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E45, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM dgust@cdc.gov FU Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Health FX Supported by Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Health. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 73 IS 5 BP 556 EP 563 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ED7LF UT WOS:000389045300013 PM 27509251 ER PT J AU Davis, NL Miller, WC Hudgens, MG Chasela, CS Sichali, D Kayira, D Nelson, JAE Fiscus, SA Tegha, G Kamwendo, DD Rigdon, J Stringer, JSA Juliano, JJ Ellington, SR Kourtis, AP Jamieson, DJ van der Horst, C AF Davis, Nicole L. Miller, William C. Hudgens, Michael G. Chasela, Charles S. Sichali, Dorothy Kayira, Dumbani Nelson, Julie A. E. Fiscus, Susan A. Tegha, Gerald Kamwendo, Deborah D. Rigdon, Joseph Stringer, Jeffrey S. A. Juliano, Jonathan J. Ellington, Sascha R. Kourtis, Athena P. Jamieson, Denise J. van der Horst, Charles CA BAN Study Team TI Maternal and Breastmilk Viral Load: Impacts of Adherence on Peripartum HIV Infections Averted-The Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition Study SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE adherence; antiretroviral; breastfeeding; HIV transmission; PMTCT ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CELL-FREE; WOMEN; PREVENTION; TRIAL; BAN; PROPHYLAXIS; ZIDOVUDINE; RISK AB Background: Antiretroviral (ARV) interventions are used to reduce HIV viral replication and prevent mother-to-child transmission. Viral suppression relies on adherence to ARVs. Methods: A 2-phase study was conducted using data from the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition study. We included mothers randomized to 28 weeks of postpartum ARVs with >= 1 plasma or breastmilk specimen. All mothers who transmitted HIV to their infants from 2-28 weeks (n = 31) and 15% of mothers who did not (n = 232) were included. Adherence was measured by pill count [categorized as poor (0%-80%), partial (81%-98%), and near perfect (>98%)]. Associations between adherence and breastmilk RNA were assessed using mixed-effects models. Cox models were used to estimate associations between breastmilk RNA and HIV transmission. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we estimated the number of transmissions that would occur had everyone randomized to maternal ARVs been 90% and 100% adherent. Results: Partial or near perfect ARV adherence significantly reduced the odds of having detectable (>= 40 copies/mL) breastmilk RNA, compared with poor adherence (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.67; OR 0.36, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.81, respectively). Detectable breastmilk RNA was associated with increased breastmilk transmission compared with undetectable breastmilk RNA (hazard ratio 3.8, 95% CI: 1.2 to 12.1). All transmitting mothers had >= 1 plasma viral load specimen >100 copies per milliliter. An estimated similar number of transmissions would occur with 90% adherence compared with 100%. Conclusions: Helping patients adhere to ARVs throughout breastfeeding is important for realizing the full potential of recommended ARV interventions to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. Maintaining plasma viral load <100 copies per milliliter may prevent breastmilk transmission. C1 [Davis, Nicole L.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Davis, Nicole L.; Miller, William C.; Juliano, Jonathan J.; van der Horst, Charles] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Davis, Nicole L.; Ellington, Sascha R.; Kourtis, Athena P.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hudgens, Michael G.; Rigdon, Joseph] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Chasela, Charles S.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Parktown, South Africa. [Sichali, Dorothy; Kayira, Dumbani; Tegha, Gerald; Kamwendo, Deborah D.] Univ N Carolina, UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Nelson, Julie A. E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS Res, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Stringer, Jeffrey S. A.] Univ N Carolina, Div Global Womens Hlth, Inst Global Hlth & Infect Dis, Dept Obstet & Gynecol,Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Davis, NL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dwg4@cdc.gov FU Prevention Research Centers Special Interest Project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [SIP 13-01 U48-CCU409660-09, SIP 26-04 U48-DP000059-01, SIP 22-09 U48-DP001944-01]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R56 AI091547, U01 AI068632]; University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research [P30 AI050410]; NIH Fogarty AIDS International Training and Research Program [DHHS/NIH/FIC 2-D43 TW01039-06]; Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars Program [R24 TW007988]; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Training Grant [5T32 AI070114]; Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation; United Nations Children's Fund; World Food Program; Malawi Ministry of Health and Population; Johnson Johnson; U.S. Agency for International Development; National Institutes of Health (NIH); NIH; CDC; Gates Foundation FX The Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition study was supported by grants from the Prevention Research Centers Special Interest Project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (SIP 13-01 U48-CCU409660-09, SIP 26-04 U48-DP000059-01, and SIP 22-09 U48-DP001944-01), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R56 AI091547 and U01 AI068632), the University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research (P30 AI050410), the NIH Fogarty AIDS International Training and Research Program (DHHS/NIH/FIC 2-D43 TW01039-06), the Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars Program (R24 TW007988); the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, and the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Training Grant (5T32 AI070114). The antiretrovirals used in the BAN study were donated by Abbott Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche Pharmaceuticals, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. The Call to Action PMTCT program was supported by the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, the United Nations Children's Fund, the World Food Program, the Malawi Ministry of Health and Population, Johnson & Johnson, and the U.S. Agency for International Development.; N.L.D., J.R., and W.C.M. report grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) during the conduct of the study, and N.L.D. is currently employed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). J.A.E.N. reports grants from NIH and CDC during the conduct of the study; grants from Merck, GSK, and Janssen outside the submitted work. M.G.H. reports grants from CDC, NIH, and Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 73 IS 5 BP 572 EP 580 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ED7LF UT WOS:000389045300015 PM 27846071 ER PT J AU Canini, L Woolhouse, MEJ Maines, TR Carrat, F AF Canini, Laetitia Woolhouse, Mark E. J. Maines, Taronna R. Carrat, Fabrice TI Heterogeneous shedding of influenza by human subjects and its implications for epidemiology and control SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS-INFECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; DYNAMICS; PATHOGENESIS; COMMUNITY; KINETICS; ILLNESS; FERRETS AB Heterogeneity of infectiousness is an important feature of the spread of many infections, with implications for disease dynamics and control, but its relevance to human influenza virus is still unclear. For a transmission event to occur, an infected individual needs to release infectious particles via respiratory symptoms. Key factors to take into account are virus dynamics, particle release in relation to respiratory symptoms, the amount of virus shed and, importantly, how these vary between infected individuals. A quantitative understanding of the process of influenza transmission is relevant to designing effective mitigation measures. Here we develop an influenza infection dynamics model fitted to virological, systemic and respiratory symptoms to investigate how within-host dynamics relates to infectiousness. We show that influenza virus shedding is highly heterogeneous between subjects. From analysis of data on experimental infections, we find that a small proportion (<20%) of influenza infected individuals are responsible for the production of 95% of infectious particles. Our work supports targeting mitigation measures at most infectious subjects to efficiently reduce transmission. The effectiveness of public health interventions targeted at highly infectious individuals would depend on accurate identification of these subjects and on how quickly control measures can be applied. C1 [Canini, Laetitia; Woolhouse, Mark E. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Immun Infect & Evolut, Edinburgh, Scotland. [Maines, Taronna R.] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Carrat, Fabrice] Inst Pierre Louis DEpidmiol & Sant Publique, INSERM, UMR S 1136, Paris, France. [Carrat, Fabrice] Sorbonne Univ, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inst Pierre Louis DEpidmiol & Sant Publ, UMR S 1136, Paris, France. [Carrat, Fabrice] Hopital St Antoine, Assistance Publ Hopitaux Paris, Paris, France. RP Canini, L (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Immun Infect & Evolut, Edinburgh, Scotland. EM laetitia.canini@gmail.com FU UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [1698:BB/L001330/1] FX We thank Marthe Diricq Vincentelli, J.P. Paccioni, S. Courcier, and S. Muller from Glaxo-SmithKline and I. Morer and P. Maison Neuve from the French Medicines Agency (ANSM) for kindly providing the data used in this paper. This work was funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant reference 1698: BB/L001330/1). NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 14 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 38749 DI 10.1038/srep38749 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE6DW UT WOS:000389699900001 PM 27966651 ER PT J AU Ntiri, MP Duque, J McMorrow, ML Frimpong, JA Parbie, P Badji, E Nzussouo, NT Benson, EM Adjabeng, M Dueger, E Widdowson, MA Dawood, FS Koram, K Ampofo, W AF Ntiri, Michael Preko Duque, Jazmin McMorrow, Meredith L. Frimpong, Joseph Asamoah Parbie, Prince Badji, Edem Nzussouo, Ndahwouh Talla Benson, Eve-Marie Adjabeng, Michael Dueger, Erica Widdowson, Marc-Alain Dawood, Fatimah S. Koram, Kwadwo Ampofo, William TI Incidence of medically attended influenza among residents of Shai-Osudoku and Ningo-Prampram Districts, Ghana, May 2013-April 2015 SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Respiratory; Burden; Rate; Children; Ghana; West Africa; Africa ID PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; SEASONAL INFLUENZA; AFRICA; SURVEILLANCE AB Background: Influenza vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization for high risk groups, yet few data exist on influenza disease burden in West Africa. Methods: We estimated medically attended influenza-associated illness rates among residents of Shai-Osudoku and Ningo Pram-Pram Districts (SONPD), Ghana. From May 2013 to April 2015, we conducted prospective surveillance for severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) and influenza-like illness (ILI) in 17 health facilities. In 2015, we conducted a retrospective assessment at an additional 18 health facilities to capture all SONPD SARI and ILI patients during the study period. We applied positivity rates to those not tested to estimate total influenza cases. Results: Of 612 SARI patients tested, 58 (9%) were positive for influenza. The estimated incidence of influenza-associated SARI was 30 per 100,000 persons (95% CI: 13-84). Children aged 0 to 4 years had the highest influenza-associated SARI incidence (135 per 100,000 persons, 95% CI: 120-152) and adults aged 25 to 44 years had the lowest (3 per 100,000 persons, 95% CI: 1-7) (p < 0.01). Of 2,322 ILI patients tested, 407 (18%) were positive for influenza. The estimated incidence of influenza-associated ILI was 844 per 100,000 persons (95% CI: 501-1,099). The highest incidence of influenza-associated ILI was also among children aged 0 to 4 years (3,448 per 100,000 persons, 95% CI: 3,727-3,898). The predominant circulating subtype during May to December 2013 and January to April 2015 was influenza A(H3N2) virus, and during 2014 influenza B virus was the predominant circulating type. Conclusions: Influenza accounted for 9% and 18% of medically attended SARI and ILI, respectively. Rates were substantive among young children and suggest the potential value of exploring the benefits of influenza vaccination in Ghana, particularly in this age group. C1 [Ntiri, Michael Preko; Frimpong, Joseph Asamoah; Parbie, Prince; Badji, Edem; Benson, Eve-Marie; Koram, Kwadwo; Ampofo, William] Univ Ghana, Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Accra, Ghana. [Duque, Jazmin] Battelle Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. [Duque, Jazmin; McMorrow, Meredith L.; Nzussouo, Ndahwouh Talla; Dueger, Erica; Widdowson, Marc-Alain; Dawood, Fatimah S.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A32, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [McMorrow, Meredith L.; Dawood, Fatimah S.] US PHS, Rockville, MD USA. [Nzussouo, Ndahwouh Talla] CTS Global Inc, El Segundo, CA USA. [Adjabeng, Michael] Ghana Hlth Serv, Accra, Ghana. RP Duque, J (reprint author), Battelle Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA.; Duque, J (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A32, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM JDuque@cdc.gov FU United States Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U011P000607-04] FX This study was funded by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Award Number: U011P000607-04. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of the CDC. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD DEC 13 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 757 DI 10.1186/s12879-016-2078-x PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EF4EA UT WOS:000390276400002 PM 27964716 ER PT J AU Zaza, S Kann, L Barrios, LC AF Zaza, Stephanie Kann, Laura Barrios, Lisa C. TI Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents Population Estimate and Prevalence of Health Behaviors SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zaza, Stephanie; Kann, Laura; Barrios, Lisa C.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-75, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Barrios, LC (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-75, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM lbarrios@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 13 PY 2016 VL 316 IS 22 BP 2355 EP 2356 DI 10.1001/jama.2016.11683 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EE8OE UT WOS:000389884600011 PM 27532437 ER PT J AU Markowitz, LE Meites, E Unger, ER AF Markowitz, Lauri E. Meites, Elissa Unger, Elizabeth R. TI Two vs Three Doses of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine New Policy for the Second Decade of the Vaccination Program SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID 9-VALENT HPV VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; AS04-ADJUVANTED VACCINE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY; 2-DOSE; WOMEN; ADOLESCENTS; INFECTION C1 [Markowitz, Lauri E.; Meites, Elissa] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A34, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Unger, Elizabeth R.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A34, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Markowitz, LE (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A34, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM lem2@cdc.gov OI Meites, Elissa/0000-0002-0077-2591 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 13 PY 2016 VL 316 IS 22 BP 2370 EP 2372 DI 10.1001/jama.2016.16393 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EE8OE UT WOS:000389884600018 PM 27893046 ER PT J AU Zhu, Z Chen, MH Abernathy, E Icenogle, J Zhou, SJ Wang, CY Zhao, CF Wang, Y Chen, HY Si, Y Xu, WB AF Zhu, Zhen Chen, Min-Hsin Abernathy, Emily Icenogle, Joseph Zhou, Shujie Wang, Changyin Zhao, Chunfang Wang, Yan Chen, Haiyun Si, Yuan Xu, Wenbo TI Analysis of complete genomes of the rubella virus genotypes 1E and 2B which circulated in China, 2000-2013 SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEASE; DOMAIN; IDENTIFICATION; INTRODUCTIONS; REPLICATION; POLYPROTEIN; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; SEQUENCE; STRAINS AB Rubella viruses of genotypes 1E and 2B are currently the most frequently detected wild-type viruses in the world. Genotype 1E viruses from China have been genetically distinct from genotype 1E viruses found elsewhere, while genotype 2B viruses found in China are not distinguishable from genotype 2B viruses from other areas. Genetic clusters of viruses of both genotypes were defined previously using sequences of the 739-nt genotyping window. Here we report phylogenic analysis using whole genomic sequences from seven genotype 1E and three genotype 2B viruses which were isolated in China between 2000 and 2013 and confirm the subgrouping of current circulating genotypes 1E and 2B viruses. In addition, the whole genomic characterization of Chinese rubella viruses was clarified. The results indicated that the Chinese rubella viruses were highly conserved at the genomic level, and no predicted amino acid variations were found at positions where functional domains of the proteins were identified. Therefore, it gives us the idea that the rubella control and elimination goal should be achieved if vaccine immunization coverage continues maintaining at the high level. C1 [Zhu, Zhen; Xu, Wenbo] Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, WHO WPRO Reg Reference Measles Rubella Lab, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Zhen; Xu, Wenbo] Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Key Lab Med Virol, Minist Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, Min-Hsin; Abernathy, Emily; Icenogle, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesviruses Lab Branch, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zhou, Shujie] Anhui Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hefei, Peoples R China. [Wang, Changyin] Shandong Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Jinan, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Chunfang] Chongqing Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chongqing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yan] Liaoning Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Changchun, Peoples R China. [Chen, Haiyun] Hainan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Haikou, Peoples R China. [Si, Yuan] Shaanxi Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Xian, Peoples R China. RP Xu, WB (reprint author), Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, WHO WPRO Reg Reference Measles Rubella Lab, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Xu, WB (reprint author), Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Key Lab Med Virol, Minist Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM wenbo_xu1@aliyun.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [81101244]; Key Technologies R&D Program of National Ministry of Science [2013ZX10004-202, 2012ZX10004201-003, 2012ZX10004215, 2012ZX10004-206, 2011ZX10004-001]; National Science and Technology Major Project for Creation of Major New Drugs [2013ZX09304101]; WHO Measles Regional Reference Laboratory Funding [WPCHN1002802] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project no. 81101244), Key Technologies R&D Program of National Ministry of Science (2013ZX10004-202, 2012ZX10004201-003, 2012ZX10004215, 2012ZX10004-206 and 2011ZX10004-001), National Science and Technology Major Project for Creation of Major New Drugs (2013ZX09304101), and the WHO Measles Regional Reference Laboratory Funding (WPCHN1002802). We would also like to acknowledge Anhui, Shandong, Chongqing, Liaoning, and Shaanxi provincial laboratories that isolated the viruses used in this study. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 13 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 39025 DI 10.1038/srep39025 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE5FI UT WOS:000389630500001 PM 27959338 ER PT J AU Alleman, MM Wannemuehler, KA Hao, LJ Perelygina, L Icenogle, JP Vynnycky, E Fwamba, F Edidi, S Mulumba, A Sidibe, K Reef, SE AF Alleman, Mary M. Wannemuehler, Kathleen A. Hao, Lijuan Perelygina, Ludmila Icenogle, Joseph P. Vynnycky, Emilia Fwamba, Franck Edidi, Samuel Mulumba, Audry Sidibe, Kassim Reef, Susan E. TI Estimating the burden of rubella virus infection and congenital rubella syndrome through a rubella immunity assessment among pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Potential impact on vaccination policy SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Rubella; Rubella antibody seroprevalence; Rubella serosurvey; Rubella IgG; Rubella incidence; Rubella transmission; Africa; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Pregnant women; Antenatal; Congenital rubella syndrome ID BURKINA-FASO; SEROPREVALENCE; MEASLES; PREVALENCE; KINSHASA; REGION; ANTIBODIES; CHALLENGE; TANZANIA; CHILD AB Background: Rubella-containing vaccines (RCV) are not yet part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo's (DRC) vaccination program; however RCV introduction is planned before 2020. Because documentation of DRC's historical burden of rubella virus infection and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) has been minimal, estimates of the burden of rubella virus infection and of CRS would help inform the country's strategy for RCV introduction. Methods: A rubella antibody seroprevalence assessment was conducted using serum collected during 2008-2009 from 1605 pregnant women aged 15-46 years attending 7 antenatal care sites in 3 of DRC's provinces. Estimates of age-and site-specific rubella antibody seroprevalence, population, and fertility rates were used in catalytic models to estimate the incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births and the number of CRS cases born in 2013 in DRC. Results: Overall 84% (95% CI 82, 86) of the women tested were estimated to be rubella antibody seropositive. The association between age and estimated antibody seroprevalence, adjusting for study site, was not significant (p = 0.10). Differences in overall estimated seroprevalence by study site were observed indicating variation by geographical area (p <= 0.03 for all). Estimated seroprevalence was similar for women declaring residence in urban (84%) versus rural (83%) settings (p = 0.67). In 2013 for DRC nationally, the estimated incidence of CRS was 69/100,000 live births (95% CI 0, 186), corresponding to 2886 infants (95% CI 342, 6395) born with CRS. Conclusions: In the 3 provinces, rubella virus transmission is endemic, and most viral exposure and seroconversion occurs before age 15 years. However, approximately 10-20% of the women were susceptible to rubella virus infection and thus at risk for having an infant with CRS. This analysis can guide plans for introduction of RCV in DRC. Per World Health Organization recommendations, introduction of RCV should be accompanied by a campaign targeting all children 9 months to 14 years of age as well as vaccination of women of child bearing age through routine services. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Alleman, Mary M.; Wannemuehler, Kathleen A.; Reef, Susan E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hao, Lijuan; Perelygina, Ludmila; Icenogle, Joseph P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vynnycky, Emilia] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Ctr Math Modelling Infect Dis, TB Modelling Grp, London, England. [Vynnycky, Emilia] Publ Hlth England, London, England. [Fwamba, Franck; Edidi, Samuel] Minist Publ Hlth, Programme Natl Lutte IST SIDA, Kinshasa, Zaire. [Mulumba, Audry] Minist Publ Hlth, Expanded Programme Immunizat, Kinshasa, Zaire. [Sidibe, Kassim] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Kinshasa, Zaire. RP Alleman, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mea4@cdc.gov FU research program of the Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The work presented in this report was supported by the research program of the Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 12 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 51 BP 6502 EP 6511 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.059 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EF7JO UT WOS:000390506100007 PM 27866768 ER PT J AU Stark, GV Sivko, GS VanRaden, M Schiffer, J Taylor, KL Hewitt, JA Quinn, CP Nuzum, EO AF Stark, G. V. Sivko, G. S. VanRaden, M. Schiffer, J. Taylor, K. L. Hewitt, J. A. Quinn, C. P. Nuzum, E. O. TI Cross-species prediction of human survival probabilities for accelerated anthrax vaccine absorbed (AVA) regimens and the potential for vaccine and antibiotic dose sparing SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Correlate of protection; Bootstrap; Logistic regression; Cross-species prediction ID POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; RHESUS MACAQUES; PROTECTION; EFFICACY; MODEL; IMMUNOGENICITY; CORRELATE; SCHEDULE AB Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA, BioThrax) was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) indication in adults 18-65 years of age. The schedule is three doses administered subcutaneous (SC) at 2-week intervals (0, 2, and 4 weeks), in conjunction with a 60-day course of antimicrobials. The Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE) developed an animal model to support assessment of a shortened antimicrobial PEP duration following Bacillus anthracis exposure. A nonhuman primate (NHP) study was completed to evaluate the efficacy of a two dose anthrax vaccine absorbed (AVA) schedule (0, 2 weeks) aerosol challenged with high levels of B. anthracis spores at week 4 the time point at which humans would receive the third vaccination of the approved PEP schedule. Here we use logistic regression models to combine the survival data from the NHP study along with serum anthrax lethal toxin neutralizing activity (TNA) and anti-PA IgG measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) data to perform a cross-species analysis to estimate survival probabilities in vaccinated human populations at this time interval (week 4 of the PEP schedule). The bridging analysis demonstrated that high levels of NHP protection also yield high predicted probability of human survival just 2 weeks after the second dose of vaccine with the full or half antigen dose regimen. The absolute difference in probability of human survival between the full and half antigen dose was estimated to be at most approximately 20%, indicating that more investigation of the half-antigen dose for vaccine dose sparing strategies may be warranted. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stark, G. V.; Sivko, G. S.] Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [VanRaden, M.; Taylor, K. L.; Hewitt, J. A.; Nuzum, E. O.] NIAID, Div Microbiol & Infect Dis, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schiffer, J.; Quinn, C. P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Stark, GV (reprint author), 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM starkg@battelle.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [HHSN272201200003I] NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 12 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 51 BP 6512 EP 6517 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.041 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EF7JO UT WOS:000390506100008 PM 27558619 ER PT J AU Sivko, GS Stark, GV Tordoff, KP Taylor, KL Glaze, E VanRaden, M Schiffer, JM Hewitt, JA Quinn, CP Nuzum, EO AF Sivko, G. S. Stark, G. V. Tordoff, K. P. Taylor, K. L. Glaze, E. VanRaden, M. Schiffer, J. M. Hewitt, J. A. Quinn, C. P. Nuzum, E. O. TI Evaluation of early immune response-survival relationship in cynomolgus macaques after Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed vaccination and Bacillus anthracis spore challenge SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE BioThrax; Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Correlates of protection ID EXPERIMENTAL INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; RHESUS MACAQUES; ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOGENICITY; PATHOGENESIS; SCHEDULE; SAFETY AB Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA, BioThrax) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of anthrax in adults. The PEP schedule is 3 subcutaneous (SC) doses (0, 14 and 28 days), in conjunction with a 60 day course of antimicrobials. The objectives of this study were to understand the onset of protection from AVA PEP vaccination and to assess the potential for shortening the duration of antimicrobial treatment (http://www.phe.gov/Preparednessimcm/phemce/Documents/2014-phemce-sip.pdf). We determined the efficacy against inhalation anthrax in nonhuman primates (NHP) of the first two doses of the PEP schedule by infectious challenge at the time scheduled for receipt of the third PEP dose (Day 28). Forty-eight cynomolgus macaques were randomized to five groups and vaccinated with serial dilutions of AVA on Days 0 and 14. NHP were exposed to Bacillus anthracis Ames spores on Day 28 (target dose 200 LD50 equivalents). Anti-protective antigen (PA) IgG and toxin neutralizing antibody (TNA) responses to vaccination and in post-challenge survivors were determined. Post-challenge blood and selected tissue samples were assessed for B. anthracis at necropsy or end of study (Day 56). Pre-challenge humoral immune responses correlated with survival, which ranged from 24 to 100% survival depending on vaccination group. Surviving, vaccinated animals had elevated anti-PA IgG and TNA levels for the duration of the study, were abacteremic, exhibited no apparent signs of infection, and had no gross or microscopic lesions. However, survivors had residual spores in lung tissues. We conclude that the first two doses of the PEP schedule provide high levels of protection by the scheduled timing of the third dose. These data may also support consideration of a shorter duration PEP antimicrobial regimen. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sivko, G. S.; Stark, G. V.; Tordoff, K. P.] Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Taylor, K. L.; Glaze, E.; VanRaden, M.; Hewitt, J. A.; Nuzum, E. O.] NIAID, Div Microbiol & Infect Dis, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schiffer, J. M.; Quinn, C. P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Sivko, GS (reprint author), 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM sivkog@battelle.org FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) [HHSN272201200003I/HHSN27200002] FX This study was supported by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) under Contract HHSN272201200003I/HHSN27200002. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 12 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 51 BP 6518 EP 6528 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.048 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EF7JO UT WOS:000390506100009 PM 27155494 ER PT J AU Ma, C Gregory, CJ Hao, LX Wannemuehler, KA Su, QR An, ZJ Quick, L Rodewald, L Ma, FB Yan, R Song, LZ Zhang, YY Kong, Y Zhang, XS Wang, HQ Li, L Cairns, L Wang, N Luo, HM AF Ma, Chao Gregory, Christopher J. Hao, Lixin Wannemuehler, Kathleen A. Su, Qiru An, Zhijie Quick, Linda Rodewald, Lance Ma, Fubao Yan, Rui Song, Lizhi Zhang, Yanyang Kong, Yi Zhang, Xiaoshu Wang, Huaqing Li, Li Cairns, Lisa Wang, Ning Luo, Huiming TI Risk factors for measles infection in 0-7 month old children in China after the 2010 nationwide measles campaign: A multi-site case-control study, 2012-2013 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Measles; Measles elimination; Case-control study; Population immunity; Risk factors; China ID AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; ELIMINATION; SETTINGS; EPIDEMIC; PROGRESS; OFFICE AB Introduction: Endemic measles persists in China, despite >95% reported coverage of two measles containing vaccine doses and nationwide campaign that vaccinated more than 100 million children in 2010. We performed a case-control study in six Chinese provinces during January 2012 through June 2013 to identify risk factors for measles infection among children aged 0-7 months. Methods: Children with laboratory-confirmed measles were neighborhood matched with three controls. We interviewed parents of case and control infants on potential risk factors for measles. Adjusted matched odds ratios (mOR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) were calculated,by multivariable conditional logistic modeling. We calculated attributable fractions for risk factors that could be interpreted as causal. Results: Eight hundred thirty cases and 2303 controls were enrolled. In multivariable analysis, male sex (mOR 1.6 [1.3, 2.0]), age 5-7 months (mOR 3.9 [3.0, 5.11), migration between counties (mOR 2.3 [1.6,3.4]), outpatient hospital visits (mOR 9.4 [6.6, 13.31) and inpatient hospitalization (mOR 107.1 [48.8, 235.11) were significant risk factors. The calculated attributable fractions for hospital visits was 43.1% (95% CI: 40.1, 47.5%) adjusted for age, sex and migration. Conclusions: Hospital visitation was the largest risk factor for measles infection in infants. Improved hospital infection control practices would accelerate measles elimination in China. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Ma, Chao; Hao, Lixin; Su, Qiru; An, Zhijie; Wang, Huaqing; Li, Li; Luo, Huiming] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gregory, Christopher J.; Wannemuehler, Kathleen A.; Quick, Linda; Cairns, Lisa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rodewald, Lance] World Hlth Org Off China, Expanded Program Immunizat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ma, Fubao] Jiangsu Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yan, Rui] Zhejiang Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Song, Lizhi] Shandong Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Jinan, Shangdong Provi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yanyang] Henan Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Peoples R China. [Kong, Yi] Yunnan Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kunming, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xiaoshu] Gansu Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Ning] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr AIDS STD Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Luo, HM (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM luohm@chinacdc.cn OI Rodewald, Lance/0000-0003-2593-542X FU Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Global Immunization Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Funding to support the activities described in this article came from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Global Immunization Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 12 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 51 BP 6553 EP 6560 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.002 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EF7JO UT WOS:000390506100013 PM 27013438 ER PT J AU Clarke, DK Hendry, RM Singh, V Rose, JK Seligman, SJ Klug, B Kochhar, S Mac, LM Carbery, B Chen, RT AF Clarke, David K. Hendry, R. Michael Singh, Vidisha Rose, John K. Seligman, Stephen J. Klug, Bettina Kochhar, Sonali Mac, Lisa Marie Carbery, Baevin Chen, Robert T. CA Brighton Collaboration ViralVector TI Live virus vaccines based on a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) backbone: Standardized template with key considerations for a risk/benefit assessment SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccines; Vesicular stomatitis virus vector; Viral vector; Brighton collaboration; Risk/benefit assessment; Vaccine safety ID PROVIDES COMPLETE PROTECTION; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; VIRAL VECTORS; BRIGHTON COLLABORATION; REPLICATION-COMPETENT; GENE TRANSLOCATIONS; MARBURG VIRUSES; MEASLES-VIRUS; NATURAL HOST; FOREIGN GENE AB The Brighton Collaboration Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group (V3SWG) was formed to evaluate the safety of live, recombinant viral vacci2;nes incorporating genes from heterologous viral and other microbial pathogens in their genome (so-called "chimeric virus vaccines"). Many such viral vector vaccines are now at various stages of clinical evaluation. Here, we introduce an attenuated form of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) as a potential chimeric virus vaccine for HIV-1, with implications for use as a vaccine vector for other pathogens. The rVSV/HIV-1 vaccine vector was attenuated by combining two major genome modifications. These modifications acted synergistically to greatly enhance vector attenuation and the resulting rVSV vector demonstrated safety in sensitive mouse and non-human primate neurovirulence models. This vector expressing HIV-1 gag protein has completed evaluation in two Phase I clinical trials. In one trial the rVSV/HIV-1 vector was administered in a homologous two-dose regimen, and in a second trial with pDNA in a heterologous prime boost regimen. No serious adverse events were reported nor was vector detected in blood, urine or saliva post vaccination in either trial. Gag specific immune responses were induced in both trials with highest frequency T cell responses detected in the prime boost regimen. The rVSV/HIV-1 vector also demonstrated safety in an ongoing Phase I trial in HIV-1 positive participants. Additionally, clinical trial material has been produced with the rVSV vector expressing HIV-1 env, and Phase I clinical evaluation will initiate in the beginning of 2016. In this paper, we use a standardized template describing key characteristics of the novel rVSV vaccine vectors, in comparison to wild type VSV. The template facilitates scientific discourse among key stakeholders by increasing transparency and comparability of information. The Brighton Collaboration V3SWG template may also be useful as a guide to the evaluation of other recombinant viral vector vaccines. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clarke, David K.] Profectus BioSci Inc, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA. [Hendry, R. Michael; Singh, Vidisha; Mac, Lisa Marie; Carbery, Baevin; Chen, Robert T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rose, John K.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Seligman, Stephen J.] New York Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [Seligman, Stephen J.] Rockefeller Univ, St Giles Lab Human Genet Infect Dis, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Klug, Bettina] Paul Ehrlich Inst, D-63225 Langen, Germany. [Kochhar, Sonali] Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM brightoncollaborationv3swg@gmail.com FU HVDDT - NIH [HHSN272200800061C] FX The authors are grateful to IAVI for sharing their in-house vector characteristics template. We also wish to thank the following persons for their support and helpful comments: (1) additional V3SWG members (Karin Bok, Louisa Chapman, Jean-Louis Excler, David Garber, Marc Gurwith, Denny Kim, Najwa Khuri-Bulos, Dagna Laufer, Janet McNicholl, Rebecca Sheets, Anna-Lise Williamson); (2) Brighton Collaboration Reference Groups. The design, development and clinical testing of the rVSV/HIV-1 vaccine vectors described here were supported by HVDDT Contract HHSN272200800061C, awarded by the NIH. NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 12 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 51 BP 6597 EP 6609 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.071 PG 13 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EF7JO UT WOS:000390506100017 PM 27395563 ER PT J AU Condit, RC Williamson, AL Sheets, R Seligman, SJ Monath, TP Excler, JL Gurwith, M Bok, K Robertson, JS Kim, D Hendry, RM Singh, V Mac, LM Chen, RT AF Condit, Richard C. Williamson, Anna-Lise Sheets, Rebecca Seligman, Stephen J. Monath, Thomas P. Excler, Jean-Louis Gurwith, Marc Bok, Karin Robertson, James S. Kim, Denny Hendry, R. Michael Singh, Vidisha Mac, Lisa M. Chen, Robert T. CA Brighton Collaboration Viral TI Unique safety issues associated with virus-vectored vaccines: Potential for and theoretical consequences of recombination with wild type virus strains SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Live viral vaccines; Vaccines; Vaccine safety; Potential for recombination; Virus recombination; Vaccine manufacturing; Brighton Collaboration ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; FLAVIVIRUS VACCINES; RNA RECOMBINATION; CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT; ATTENUATED VACCINES; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; DENGUE VIRUS; FEVER VIRUS; LIVE AB In 2003 and 2013, the World Health Organization convened informal consultations on characterization and quality aspects of vaccines based on live virus vectors. In the resulting reports, one of several issues raised for future study was the potential for recombination of virus-vectored vaccines with wild type pathogenic virus strains. This paper presents an assessment of this issue formulated by the Brighton Collaboration. To provide an appropriate context for understanding the potential for recombination of virus-vectored vaccines, we review briefly the current status of virus-vectored vaccines, mechanisms of recombination between viruses, experience with recombination involving live attenuated vaccines in the field, and concerns raised previously in the literature regarding recombination of virus-vectored vaccines with wild type virus strains. We then present a discussion of the major variables that could influence recombination between a virus-vectored vaccine and circulating wild type virus and the consequences of such recombination, including intrinsic recombination properties of the parent virus used as a vector; sequence relatedness of vector and wild virus; virus host range, pathogenesis and transmission; replication competency of vector in target host; mechanism of vector attenuation; additional factors potentially affecting virulence; and circulation of multiple recombinant vectors in the same target population. Finally, we present some guiding principles for vector design and testing intended to anticipate and mitigate the potential for and consequences of recombination of virus-vectored vaccines with wild type pathogenic virus strains. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Condit, Richard C.] Univ Florida, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Williamson, Anna-Lise] Univ Cape Town, Inst Infect Dis & Mol Med, Cape Town, South Africa. [Williamson, Anna-Lise] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Cape Town, South Africa. [Sheets, Rebecca] NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20893 USA. [Seligman, Stephen J.] New York Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [Seligman, Stephen J.] Rockefeller Univ, St Giles Lab Human Genet Infect Dis, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Monath, Thomas P.] Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Excler, Jean-Louis] US Mil HIV Res Program MHRP, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Excler, Jean-Louis] Int AIDS Vaccine Initiat, New York, NY 10004 USA. [Gurwith, Marc] PaxVax Inc, 900 Vet Blvd,Ste 500, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Bok, Karin] US Dept HHS, Natl Vaccine Program Off, OASH, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Robertson, James S.] Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. [Kim, Denny] Takeda Vaccines Inc, One Takeda Pkwy, Deerfield, IL 60015 USA. [Hendry, R. Michael; Singh, Vidisha; Mac, Lisa M.; Chen, Robert T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Monath, Thomas P.] NewLink Genet Corp, BioProtect Syst, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM brightoncollaborationv3swg@gmail.com FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 12 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 51 BP 6610 EP 6616 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.060 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EF7JO UT WOS:000390506100018 PM 27346303 ER PT J AU Wang, TW Kenemer, B Tynan, MA Singh, T King, B AF Wang, Teresa W. Kenemer, Brandon Tynan, Michael A. Singh, Tushar King, Brian TI Consumption of Combustible and Smokeless Tobacco - United States, 2000-2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Wang, Teresa W.; Kenemer, Brandon; Tynan, Michael A.; Singh, Tushar; King, Brian] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wang, Teresa W.; Singh, Tushar] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tynan, MA (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mtynan@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 9 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 48 BP 1357 EP 1363 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF2UI UT WOS:000390180700001 PM 27932780 ER PT J AU DiGiulio, A Haddix, M Jump, Z Babb, S Schecter, A Williams, KAS Asman, K Armour, BS AF DiGiulio, Anne Haddix, Meredith Jump, Zach Babb, Stephen Schecter, Anna Williams, Kisha-Ann S. Asman, Kat Armour, Brian S. TI State Medicaid Expansion Tobacco Cessation Coverage and Number of Adult Smokers Enrolled in Expansion Coverage - United States, 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID SMOKING; QUIT C1 [DiGiulio, Anne; Haddix, Meredith; Jump, Zach] Amer Lung Assoc, Chicago, IL USA. [Babb, Stephen; Schecter, Anna; Williams, Kisha-Ann S.; Asman, Kat; Armour, Brian S.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Babb, S (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sbabb@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 9 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 48 BP 1364 EP 1369 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF2UI UT WOS:000390180700002 PM 27932786 ER PT J AU Fischer, LS Santibanez, S Hatchett, RJ Jernigan, DB Meyers, LA Thorpe, PG Meltzer, MI AF Fischer, Leah S. Santibanez, Scott Hatchett, Richard J. Jernigan, Daniel B. Meyers, Lauren Ancel Thorpe, Phoebe G. Meltzer, Martin I. TI CDC Grand Rounds: Modeling and Public Health Decision-Making SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES C1 [Fischer, Leah S.; Santibanez, Scott; Meltzer, Martin I.] CDC, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hatchett, Richard J.] US Dept HHS, Biomed Adv Res & Dev Author, Off Assistant Secretary Preparedness & Response, Washington, DC USA. [Jernigan, Daniel B.] CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Meyers, Lauren Ancel] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Thorpe, Phoebe G.] CDC, Off Associate Director Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fischer, LS (reprint author), CDC, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lsfischer@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 9 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 48 BP 1374 EP 1377 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF2UI UT WOS:000390180700004 PM 27932782 ER PT J AU Kassem, AM Tengelsen, L Atkins, B Link, K Taylor, M Peterson, E Machado, A Carter, K Hutton, S Turner, K Hahn, C AF Kassem, Ahmed M. Tengelsen, Leslie Atkins, Brandon Link, Kimberly Taylor, Mike Peterson, Erin Machado, Ashley Carter, Kris Hutton, Scott Turner, Kathryn Hahn, Christine TI Plague in Domestic Cats - Idaho, 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Kassem, Ahmed M.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kassem, Ahmed M.; Tengelsen, Leslie; Peterson, Erin; Machado, Ashley; Carter, Kris; Hutton, Scott; Turner, Kathryn; Hahn, Christine] Idaho Dept Hlth & Welf, Div Publ Hlth, Boise, ID 83704 USA. [Atkins, Brandon; Link, Kimberly] Cent Dist Hlth Dept, Boise, ID USA. [Taylor, Mike] Eastern Idaho Publ Hlth, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Carter, Kris] CDC, Off Publ Hlth Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kassem, AM (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Kassem, AM (reprint author), Idaho Dept Hlth & Welf, Div Publ Hlth, Boise, ID 83704 USA. EM akassem@cdc.gov OI Kassem, Ahmed/0000-0003-4053-7841 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 9 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 48 BP 1378 EP 1379 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF2UI UT WOS:000390180700005 PM 27932783 ER PT J AU Navon, L Clegg, WJ Morgan, J Austin, C McQuiston, JR Blaney, DD Walters, MS Moulton-Meissner, H Nicholson, A AF Navon, Livia Clegg, Whitney J. Morgan, Jodi Austin, Connie McQuiston, John R. Blaney, David D. Walters, Maroya Spalding Moulton-Meissner, Heather Nicholson, Ainsley TI Investigation of Elizabethkingia anophelis Cluster - Illinois, 2014-2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS C1 [Navon, Livia; Clegg, Whitney J.; Morgan, Jodi; Austin, Connie] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. [Navon, Livia] CDC, Div State & Local Readiness, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [McQuiston, John R.; Blaney, David D.; Nicholson, Ainsley] CDC, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Walters, Maroya Spalding; Moulton-Meissner, Heather] CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Navon, L (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. EM len8@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 9 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 48 BP 1380 EP 1381 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF2UI UT WOS:000390180700006 PM 27932784 ER PT J AU Gunnala, R Ogbuanu, IU Adegoke, OJ Scobie, HM Uba, BV Wannemuehler, KA Ruiz, A Elmousaad, H Ohuabunwo, CJ Mustafa, M Nguku, P Waziri, NE Vertefeuille, JF AF Gunnala, Rajni Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu U. Adegoke, Oluwasegun J. Scobie, Heather M. Uba, Belinda V. Wannemuehler, Kathleen A. Ruiz, Alicia Elmousaad, Hashim Ohuabunwo, Chima J. Mustafa, Mahmud Nguku, Patrick Waziri, Ndadilnasiya Endie Vertefeuille, John F. TI Routine Vaccination Coverage in Northern Nigeria: Results from 40 District-Level Cluster Surveys, 2014-2015 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ERADICATION AB Background Despite recent success towards controlling poliovirus transmission, Nigeria has struggled to achieve uniformly high routine vaccination coverage. A lack of reliable vaccination coverage data at the operational level makes it challenging to target program improvement. To reliably estimate vaccination coverage, we conducted district-level vaccine coverage surveys using a pre-existing infrastructure of polio technical staff in northern Nigeria. Methods Household-level cluster surveys were conducted in 40 polio high risk districts of Nigeria during 2014-2015. Global positioning system technology and intensive supervision by a pool of qualified technical staff were used to ensure high survey quality. Vaccination status of children aged 12-23 months was documented based on vaccination card or caretaker's recall. District-level coverage estimates were calculated using survey methods. Results Data from 7,815 children across 40 districts were analyzed. District-level coverage with the third dose of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DPT3) ranged widely from 1-63%, with all districts having DPT3 coverage below the target of 80%. Median coverage across all districts for each of eight vaccine doses (1 Bacille Calmette-Guerin dose, 3 DPT doses, 3 oral poliovirus vaccine doses, and 1 measles vaccine dose) was < 50%. DPT3 coverage by survey was substantially lower (range: 28%-139%) than the 2013 administrative coverage reported among children aged < 12 months. Common reported reasons for non-vaccination included lack of knowledge about vaccines and vaccination services (50%) and factors related to access to routine immunization services (15%). Conclusions Survey results highlighted vaccine coverage gaps that were systematically underestimated by administrative reporting across 40 polio high risk districts in northern Nigeria. Given the limitations of administrative coverage data, our approach to conducting quality district-level coverage surveys and providing data to assess and remediate issues contributing to poor vaccination coverage could serve as an example in countries with sub-optimal vaccination coverage, similar to Nigeria. C1 [Gunnala, Rajni; Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu U.; Scobie, Heather M.; Wannemuehler, Kathleen A.; Ruiz, Alicia; Elmousaad, Hashim; Vertefeuille, John F.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Adegoke, Oluwasegun J.; Uba, Belinda V.; Ohuabunwo, Chima J.; Waziri, Ndadilnasiya Endie] Nigeria Natl Stop Transmiss Polio, Abuja, Nigeria. [Mustafa, Mahmud] Natl Primary Hlth Care Dev Agcy, Abuja, Nigeria. [Nguku, Patrick] Nigeria Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria. RP Gunnala, R (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rajni.gunnala@gmail.com FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was supported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 9 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0167835 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0167835 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4PU UT WOS:000389587100212 PM 27936077 ER PT J AU Modi, S Cavanaugh, JS Shiraishi, RW Alexander, HL McCarthy, KD Burmen, B Muttai, H Heilig, CM Nakashima, AK Cain, KP AF Modi, Surbhi Cavanaugh, Joseph S. Shiraishi, Ray W. Alexander, Heather L. McCarthy, Kimberly D. Burmen, Barbara Muttai, Hellen Heilig, Chad M. Nakashima, Allyn K. Cain, Kevin P. TI Performance of Clinical Screening Algorithms for Tuberculosis Intensified Case Finding among People Living with HIV in Western Kenya SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INFECTED PREGNANT-WOMEN; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; SERVICES; DISEASE; AFRICA AB Objective To assess the performance of symptom-based screening for tuberculosis (TB), alone and with chest radiography among people living with HIV (PLHIV), including pregnant women, in Western Kenya. Design Prospective cohort study Methods PLHIV from 15 randomly-selected HIV clinics were screened with three clinical algorithms [World Health Organization (WHO), Ministry of Health (MOH), and "Improving Diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected persons" (ID-TB/HIV) study], underwent chest radiography (unless pregnant), and provided two or more sputum specimens for smear microscopy, liquid culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF. Performance of clinical screening was compared to laboratory results, controlling for the complex design of the survey. Results Overall, 738 (85.6%) of 862 PLHIV enrolled were included in the analysis. Estimated TB prevalence was 11.2% (95% CI, 9.9-12.7). Sensitivity of the three screening algorithms was similar [WHO, 74.1% (95% CI, 64.1-82.2); MOH, 77.5% (95% CI, 68.6-84.5); and IDTB/HIV, 72.5% (95% CI, 60.9-81.7)]. Sensitivity of the WHO algorithm was significantly lower among HIV-infected pregnant women [28.2% (95% CI, 14.9-46.7)] compared to nonpregnant women [78.3% (95% CI, 67.3-86.4)] and men [77.2% (95% CI, 68.3-84.2)]. Chest radiography increased WHO algorithm sensitivity and negative predictive value to 90.9% (95% CI, 86.4-93.9) and 96.1% (95% CI, 94.4-97.3), respectively, among asymptomatic men and non-pregnant women. Conclusions Clinical screening missed approximately 25% of laboratory-confirmed TB cases among all PLHIV and more than 70% among HIV-infected pregnant women. National HIV programs should evaluate the feasibility of laboratory-based screening for TB, such as a single Xpert MTB/RIF test for all PLHIV, especially pregnant women, at enrollment in HIV services. C1 [Modi, Surbhi; Shiraishi, Ray W.; Alexander, Heather L.; Nakashima, Allyn K.] United States Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Global HIV & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cavanaugh, Joseph S.; McCarthy, Kimberly D.; Heilig, Chad M.; Cain, Kevin P.] CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Burmen, Barbara] Ctr Global Hlth Res, Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Kisumu, Kenya. [Burmen, Barbara] KEMRI CDC Res & Publ Hlth Collaborat, Kisumu, Kenya. [Muttai, Hellen; Cain, Kevin P.] CDC, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Modi, S (reprint author), United States Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Global HIV & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM smodi@cdc.gov OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310 FU U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [5U19GH000041]; United States Agency for International Development FX Primary funding for this study was provided by the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through Cooperative Agreement 5U19GH000041 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the Kenya Medical Research Institute. Additional funding was provided by the United States Agency for International Development. Approval for study design was obtained from the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Public Health Evaluation Scientific Committee. The funders had no role in data collection, analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 9 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0167685 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0167685 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4PU UT WOS:000389587100150 PM 27936146 ER PT J AU Stern, D Olson, VA Smith, SK Pietraszczyk, M Miller, L Miethe, P Dorner, BG Nitsche, A AF Stern, Daniel Olson, Victoria A. Smith, Scott K. Pietraszczyk, Marko Miller, Lilija Miethe, Peter Dorner, Brigitte G. Nitsche, Andreas TI Rapid and sensitive point-of-care detection of Orthopoxviruses by ABICAP immunofiltration SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Orthopoxvirus; Variola virus; Monkeypox virus; Cowpox virus; Vaccinia virus; bioterrorism; Zoonosis; Point-of-care; Rapid detection; ABICAP ID ANTIGEN-DETECTION ASSAY; REAL-TIME PCR; HUMAN MONKEYPOX; VIRUS; CONGO; DNA AB Background: The rapid and reliable detection of infectious agents is one of the most challenging tasks in scenarios lacking well-equipped laboratory infrastructure, like diagnostics in rural areas of developing countries. Commercially available point-of-care diagnostic tests for emerging and rare diseases are particularly scarce. Results: In this work we present a point-of-care test for the detection of Orthopoxviruses (OPV). The OPV ABICAP assay detects down to 1 x 10(4) plaque forming units/mL of OPV particles within 45 min. It can be applied to clinical material like skin crusts and detects all zoonotic OPV infecting humans, including Vaccinia, Cowpox, Monkeypox, and most importantly Variola virus. Conclusions: Given the high sensitivity and the ease of handling, the novel assay could be highly useful for on-site diagnostics of suspected Monkeypox virus infections in areas lacking proper laboratory infrastructure as well as rapid on-site testing of suspected bioterrorism samples. C1 [Stern, Daniel; Miller, Lilija; Dorner, Brigitte G.; Nitsche, Andreas] Robert Koch Inst, Ctr Biol Threats & Special Pathogens ZBS, Seestr 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Olson, Victoria A.; Smith, Scott K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pietraszczyk, Marko] Senova GmbH, Weimar, Germany. [Miethe, Peter] FZMB GmbH, Bad Langensalza, Germany. [Miller, Lilija] Paul Ehrlich Inst, Novel Vaccinat Strategies & Early Immune Response, Langen, Germany. RP Stern, D (reprint author), Robert Koch Inst, Ctr Biol Threats & Special Pathogens ZBS, Seestr 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. EM SternD@rki.de OI Stern, Daniel/0000-0001-9057-4283 FU Federal Ministry of Education and Research [13 N9601, 13 N9596] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research [grant numbers 13 N9601, 13 N9596]. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD DEC 9 PY 2016 VL 13 AR 207 DI 10.1186/s12985-016-0665-5 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA EE9MV UT WOS:000389951700001 PM 27938377 ER PT J AU Liu, SY Roellig, DM Guo, YQ Li, N Frace, MA Tang, K Zhang, LX Feng, YY Xiao, LH AF Liu, Shiyou Roellig, Dawn M. Guo, Yaqiong Li, Na Frace, Michael A. Tang, Kevin Zhang, Longxian Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua TI Evolution of mitosome metabolism and invasion-related proteins in Cryptosporidium SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Reductive evolution; Genomics; Mitosome metabolism; Apicomplexa; Cryptosporidium ID SELF-ORGANIZING MAP; ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE; APICOMPLEXAN PARASITE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; EUKARYOTIC GENOMES; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; RNA GENES; PARVUM; SEQUENCE AB Background: The switch from photosynthetic or predatory to parasitic life strategies by apicomplexans is accompanied with a reductive evolution of genomes and losses of metabolic capabilities. Cryptosporidium is an extreme example of reductive evolution among apicomplexans, with losses of both the mitosome genome and many metabolic pathways. Previous observations on reductive evolution were largely based on comparative studies of various groups of apicomplexans. In this study, we sequenced two divergent Cryptosporidium species and conducted a comparative genomic analysis to infer the reductive evolution of metabolic pathways and differential evolution of invasion-related proteins within the Cryptosporidium lineage. Results: In energy metabolism, Cryptosporidium species differ from each other mostly in mitosome metabolic pathways. Compared with C. parvum and C. hominis, C. andersoni possesses more aerobic metabolism and a conventional electron transport chain, whereas C. ubiquitum has further reductions in ubiquinone and polyisprenoid biosynthesis and has lost both the conventional and alternative electron transport systems. For invasion-associated proteins, similar to C. hominis, a reduction in the number of genes encoding secreted MEDLE and insulinase-like proteins in the subtelomeric regions of chromosomes 5 and 6 was also observed in C. ubiquitum and C. andersoni, whereas mucin-type glycoproteins are highly divergent between the gastric C. andersoni and intestinal Cryptosporidium species. Conclusions: Results of the study suggest that rapidly evolving mitosome metabolism and secreted invasion-related proteins could be involved in tissue tropism and host specificity in Cryptosporidium spp. The finding of progressive reduction in mitosome metabolism among Cryptosporidium species improves our knowledge of organelle evolution within apicomplexans. C1 [Liu, Shiyou; Guo, Yaqiong; Li, Na; Feng, Yaoyu] East China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resources & Environm Engn, State Key Lab Bioreactor Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shiyou; Roellig, Dawn M.; Guo, Yaqiong; Li, Na; Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Frace, Michael A.; Tang, Kevin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Resources, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Zhang, Longxian] Henan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. RP Feng, YY (reprint author), East China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resources & Environm Engn, State Key Lab Bioreactor Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China.; Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM yyfeng@ecust.edu.cn; lxiao@cdc.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31425025, 31229005, 31110103901, 31302078]; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou, China [SKLVEB2014KFKT008]; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31425025, 31229005, 31110103901 and 31302078); Open Funding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou, China (SKLVEB2014KFKT008); and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 8 PY 2016 VL 17 AR 1006 DI 10.1186/s12864-016-3343-5 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA EE7ZI UT WOS:000389843600004 PM 27931183 ER PT J AU Garzan, A Willby, MJ Green, KD Gajadeera, CS Hou, CX Tsodikov, OV Posey, JE Gameau-Tsodikova, S AF Garzan, Atefeh Willby, Melisa J. Green, Keith D. Gajadeera, Chathurada S. Hou, Caixia Tsodikov, Oleg V. Posey, James E. Gameau-Tsodikova, Sylvie TI Sulfonamide-Based Inhibitors of Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferase Eis Abolish Resistance to Kanamycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL PROTEIN; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; ENZYMES; 2'-N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; CAPREOMYCIN; SMEGMATIS AB A two-drug combination therapy where one drug targets an offending cell and the other targets a resistance mechanism to the first drug is a time-tested, yet underexploited approach to combat or prevent drug resistance. By high-throughput screening, we identified a sulfonamide scaffold that served as a pharmacophore to generate inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis acetyltransferase Eis, whose upregulation causes resistance to the aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotic kanamycin A (KAN) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rational systematic derivatization of this scaffold to maximize Eis inhibition and abolish the Eis-mediated KAN resistance of M. tuberculosis yielded several highly potent agents. A crystal structure of Eis in complex with one of the most potent inhibitors revealed that the inhibitor bound Eis in the AG-binding pocket held by a conformationally malleable region of Eis (residues 28-37) bearing key hydrophobic residues. These Eis inhibitors are promising leads for preclinical development of innovative AG combination therapies against resistant TB. C1 [Garzan, Atefeh; Green, Keith D.; Gajadeera, Chathurada S.; Hou, Caixia; Tsodikov, Oleg V.; Gameau-Tsodikova, Sylvie] Univ Kentucky, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm, 789 South Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Willby, Melisa J.; Posey, James E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycobacteriol Lab Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tsodikov, OV; Gameau-Tsodikova, S (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm, 789 South Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.; Posey, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycobacteriol Lab Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sylviegtsodikova@uky.edu; jposey@cdc.gov; oleg.tsodikov@uky.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [AI090048]; Center for Chemical Genomics (CCG) at the University of Michigan; Firland Foundation; College of Pharmacy at the University of Kentucky FX This work was funded by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant AI090048 (S.G.-T.), a grant from the Center for Chemical Genomics (CCG) at the University of Michigan (S.G.-T.), a grant from the Firland Foundation (S.G.-T.), as well as by startup funds from the College of Pharmacy at the University of Kentucky (S.G.-T. and O.V.T.). We thank Steve Vander Roest, Martha Larsen, and Paul Kirchhoff (CCG, University of Michigan) for help with HTS. We thank the staff of Sector 22 (SER-CAT) of the Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National Laboratories for their assistance with the remote X-ray diffraction data collection. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 EI 1520-4804 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD DEC 8 PY 2016 VL 59 IS 23 BP 10619 EP 10628 DI 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01161 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA EE5DB UT WOS:000389623900017 PM 27933949 ER PT J AU Hulland, EN Blanton, CJ Leidman, EZ Bilukha, OO AF Hulland, Erin N. Blanton, Curtis J. Leidman, Eva Z. Bilukha, Oleg O. TI Parameters associated with design effect of child anthropometry indicators in small-scale field surveys SO EMERGING THEMES IN EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Design effect; Anthropometry; Survey methodology; Cluster surveys; Wasting; Stunting; Underweight AB Background: Cluster surveys provide rapid but representative estimates of key nutrition indicators in humanitarian crises. For these surveys, an accurate estimate of the design effect is critical to calculate a sample size that achieves adequate precision with the minimum number of sampling units. This paper describes the variability in design effect for three key nutrition indicators measured in small-scale surveys and models the association of design effect with parameters hypothesized to explain this variability. Methods: 380 small-scale surveys from 28 countries conducted between 2006 and 2013 were analyzed. We calculated prevalence and design effect of wasting, underweight, and stunting for each survey as well as standard deviations of the underlying continuous Z-score distribution. Mean cluster size, survey location and year were recorded. To describe design effects, median and interquartile ranges were examined. Generalized linear regression models were run to identify potential predictors of design effect. Results: Median design effect was under 2.00 for all three indicators; for wasting, the median was 1.35, the lowest among the indicators. Multivariable linear regression models suggest significant, positive associations of design effect and mean cluster size for all three indicators, and with prevalence of wasting and underweight, but not stunting. Standard deviation was positively associated with design effect for wasting but negatively associated for stunting. Survey region was significant in all three models. Conclusions: This study supports the current field survey guidance recommending the use of 1.5 as a benchmark for design effect of wasting, but suggests this value may not be large enough for surveys with a primary objective of measuring stunting or underweight. The strong relationship between design effect and region in the models underscores the continued need to consider country-and locality-specific estimates when designing surveys. These models also provide empirical evidence of a positive relationship between design effect and both mean cluster size and prevalence, and introduces standard deviation of the underlying continuous variable (Z-scores) as a previously unexplored factor significantly associated with design effect. The magnitude and directionality of this association differed by indicator, underscoring the need for further investigation into the relationship between standard deviation and design effect. C1 [Hulland, Erin N.; Blanton, Curtis J.; Leidman, Eva Z.; Bilukha, Oleg O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Recovery Branch, Div Global Hlth Protect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hulland, EN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Recovery Branch, Div Global Hlth Protect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM YGJ3@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-7622 J9 EMERG THEMES EPIDEMI JI Emerg. Themes Epidemiol. PD DEC 7 PY 2016 VL 13 AR 13 DI 10.1186/s12982-016-0054-y PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EM4DI UT WOS:000395263100001 PM 27980596 ER PT J AU Haber, P Arana, J Pilishvili, T Lewis, P Moro, PL Cano, M AF Haber, Penina Arana, Jorge Pilishvili, Tamara Lewis, Paige Moro, Pedro L. Cano, Maria TI Post-licensure surveillance of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in adults aged >= 19 years old in the United States, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), June 1, 2012 December 31, 2015 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccine safety; Post-licensure surveillance; 13-Valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; IMMUNIZATION SAFETY DATA; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; ANAPHYLAXIS; GUIDELINES; COLLECTION; INFLUENZA AB Background: The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was first recommended for use in adults aged >= 19 years with immunocompromising conditions in June 2012. On August 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended routine use of PCV13 among adults aged >= 65 years. Methods: We assessed adverse events (AEs) reports following PCV13 in adults aged >= 19 years reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from June 2012 to December 2015. VAERS is a national spontaneous reporting system for monitoring AEs following vaccination. Our assessment included automated data analysis, clinical review of all serious reports and reports of special interest. We conducted empirical Bayesian data mining to assess for disproportionate reporting. Results: VAERS received 2976 US PCV13 adult reports; 2103 (71%) of these reports were from PCV13 administered alone. Fourteen percent were in persons aged 19-64 years and 86% were in persons aged >= 65 years. Injection site erythema (28%), injection site pain (24%) and fever (22%) were the most frequent AEs among persons aged 19-64 years; injection site erythema (30%), erythema (20%) and injection site swelling (18%) were the most frequent among persons aged >= 65 years who were given the vaccine alone. The most frequently reported AEs among non-death serious reports were injection site reactions and general malaise among persons 19-64 years old; injection site reactions, general malaise and Guillain-Barre syndrome among those >= 65 years (Table 2). Data mining did not detect disproportional reporting for any unexpected AE. Conclusions: The results of this study were consistent with safety data from pre-licensure studies of PCV13. We did not detect any new or unexpected AEs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Haber, Penina; Arana, Jorge; Lewis, Paige; Moro, Pedro L.; Cano, Maria] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Immunizat Safety Off, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis NCEZID, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Pilishvili, Tamara] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis NCIRD, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Haber, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Immunizat Safety Off, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis NCEZID, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM PHaber@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 7 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 50 BP 6330 EP 6334 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.052 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EF9AH UT WOS:000390622600034 PM 27836437 ER PT J AU Pringle, K Cardemil, CV Pabst, LJ Parashar, UD Cortese, MM AF Pringle, Kimberly Cardemil, Cristina V. Pabst, Laura J. Parashar, Umesh D. Cortese, Margaret M. TI Uptake of rotavirus vaccine among US infants at Immunization Information System Sentinel Sites SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Rotavirus vaccine; Gastroenteritis; Vaccine coverage; Rotavirus; Rotavirus vaccine uptake; Childhood immunizations ID ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; PRACTICES ACIP; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; RECOMMENDATIONS; GASTROENTERITIS; PREVENTION AB Objective: Coverage with rotavirus vaccine among US children has been lower compared to that with other routine childhood vaccines. Our objectives were to examine rotavirus vaccine (RV) uptake over time compared to other routine vaccinations, ages at administration, and quantitate potential missed opportunities for RV receipt. Methods: We analyzed data from 6 Immunization Information System (IIS) Sentinel Sites, which represent approximately 10% of the United States (US) pediatric population. Among infants aged 5 months, we compared uptake of >= 1 dose of RV, to that of Diphtheria, Tetanus, and acellular Pertussis (DTaP) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), for each quarter during 2006-2013. We used data from infants in the 2012 birth cohort to examine RV receipt in more detail. Results: Among infants aged 5 months, the average site coverage with >= 1 dose of RV reached 78% in 2010 and subsequently stayed steady at 79-81% through 2013. The average difference between >= 1 dose DTaP coverage and RV coverage remained between about 6 and 8 percentage points during mid-2012 through 2013. Infants born in 2012 received RV doses closely in line with the timing recommended by the ACIP. Approximately one-third of the difference in coverage between >= 1 dose of DTaP and >= 1 dose of RV among infants could be due to the maximum age restriction of the first RV dose. The other two-thirds of the difference appears to have been a result of potential missed opportunities for starting the RV series-these infants received another routine immunization when age eligible to receive RV dose 1, but did not receive RV. Conclusion: Uptake with RV during infancy remains below that of other routine vaccines. Understanding the barriers to administration of RV among age-eligible infants could help improve vaccine coverage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pringle, Kimberly; Parashar, Umesh D.; Cortese, Margaret M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Pringle, Kimberly] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cardemil, Cristina V.; Pabst, Laura J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cortese, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcortese@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 7 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 50 BP 6396 EP 6401 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.005 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EF9AH UT WOS:000390622600043 PM 27810316 ER PT J AU Xiang, NJ Iuliano, AD Zhang, YP Ren, RQ Geng, XY Ye, BL Tu, WX Li, C Lv, Y Yang, M Zhao, J Wang, YL Yang, FQ Zhou, L Liu, B Shu, YL Ni, DX Feng, ZJ Li, Q AF Xiang, Nijuan Iuliano, A. Danielle Zhang, Yanping Ren, Ruiqi Geng, Xingyi Ye, Bili Tu, Wenxiao Li, Chao Lv, Yong Yang, Ming Zhao, Jian Wang, Yali Yang, Fuqiang Zhou, Lei Liu, Bo Shu, Yuelong Ni, Daxin Feng, Zijian Li, Qun TI Comparison of the first three waves of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus circulation in the mainland of the People's Republic of China SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; H7N9; China; Pandemic ID A H7N9; INFECTION; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION AB Background: H7N9 human cases were first detected in mainland China in March 2013. Circulation of this virus has continued each year shifting to typical winter months. We compared the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics for the first three waves of virus circulation. Methods: The first wave was defined as reported cases with onset dates between March 31-September 30, 2013, the second wave was defined as October 1, 2013-September 30, 2014 and the third wave was defined as October 1, 2014-September 30, 2015. We used simple descriptive statistics to compare characteristics of the three distinct waves of virus circulation. Results: In mainland China, 134 cases, 306 cases and 219 cases were detected and reported in first three waves, respectively. The median age of cases was statistically significantly older in the first wave (61 years vs. 56 years, 56 years, p < 0.001) compared to the following two waves. Most reported cases were among men in all three waves. There was no statistically significant difference between case fatality proportions (33, 42 and 45%, respectively, p = 0.08). There were no significant statistical differences for time from illness onset to first seeking healthcare, hospitalization, lab confirmation, initiation antiviral treatment and death between the three waves. A similar percentage of cases in all waves reported exposure to poultry or live poultry markets (87%, 88%, 90%, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of severe disease between the each of the first three waves of virus circulation. Twenty-one clusters were reported during these three waves (4, 11 and 6 clusters, respectively), of which, 14 were considered to be possible human-to-human transmission. Conclusion: Though our case investigation for the first three waves found few differences between the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, there is continued international concern about the pandemic potential of this virus. Since the virus continues to circulate, causes more severe disease, has the ability to mutate and become transmissible from human-to-human, and there is limited natural protection from infection in communities, it is critical that surveillance systems in China and elsewhere are alert to the influenza H7N9 virus. C1 [Xiang, Nijuan; Zhang, Yanping; Ren, Ruiqi; Tu, Wenxiao; Zhao, Jian; Wang, Yali; Zhou, Lei; Liu, Bo; Ni, Daxin; Feng, Zijian; Li, Qun] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Iuliano, A. Danielle] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Geng, Xingyi] Jinan Prefecture Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Ye, Bili] Shenzhen Prefecture Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Li, Chao] Tianjin Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Lv, Yong] Luan Prefecture Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Luan, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Yang, Ming] Xuancheng Prefecture Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Xuancheng, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Yang, Fuqiang] Jiangxi Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Peoples R China. [Shu, Yuelong] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM liqun@chinacdc.cn FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China; Emergency Technology Research Issue on Prevention and Control for Human Infection with A(H7N9) Avian Influenza Virus [KJYJ-2013-01-02]; National Science and Technology Major Project, Study on Evaluation of the Harmfulness of Novel Influenza Virus [2014ZX10004002-002-004] FX This study is funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Emergency Technology Research Issue on Prevention and Control for Human Infection with A(H7N9) Avian Influenza Virus (KJYJ-2013-01-02) and National Science and Technology Major Project, Study on Evaluation of the Harmfulness of Novel Influenza Virus (2014ZX10004002-002-004). NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD DEC 5 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 734 DI 10.1186/s12879-016-2049-2 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EF4BG UT WOS:000390268900003 PM 27919225 ER PT J AU Dodd, KE Mazurek, JM AF Dodd, Katelynn E. Mazurek, Jacek M. TI Asthma Among Employed Adults, by Industry and Occupation-21 States, 2013 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID WORK-RELATED ASTHMA; HEALTH C1 [Dodd, Katelynn E.; Mazurek, Jacek M.] CDC, Resp Hlth Div, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dodd, Katelynn E.] CDC, Assoc Sch & Programs Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Fellowship Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dodd, KE (reprint author), CDC, Resp Hlth Div, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Dodd, KE (reprint author), CDC, Assoc Sch & Programs Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Fellowship Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yla8@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 2 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 47 BP 1325 EP 1331 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE4GX UT WOS:000389561400001 PM 27906909 ER PT J AU Lecher, S Williams, J Fonjungo, PN Kim, AA Ellenberger, D Zhang, G Toure, CA Agolory, S Appiah-Pippim, G Beard, S Borget, MY Carmona, S Chipungu, G Diallo, K Downer, M Edgil, D Haberman, H Hurlston, M Jadzak, S Kiyaga, C MacLeod, W Makumb, B Muttai, H Mwangi, C Mwangi, JW Mwasekaga, M Naluguza, M Ng'Ang'A, LW Nguyen, S Sawadogo, S Sleeman, K Stevens, W Kuritsky, J Hader, S Nkengasong, J AF Lecher, Shirley Williams, Jason Fonjungo, Peter N. Kim, Andrea A. Ellenberger, Dennis Zhang, Guoqing Toure, Christiane Adje Agolory, Simon Appiah-Pippim, Georgette Beard, Suzanne Borget, Marie Yolande Carmona, Sergio Chipungu, Geoffrey Diallo, Karidia Downer, Marie Edgil, Dianna Haberman, Holly Hurlston, Mackenzie Jadzak, Steven Kiyaga, Charles MacLeod, William Makumb, Boniface Muttai, Hellen Mwangi, Christina Mwangi, Jane W. Mwasekaga, Michael Naluguza, Mary Ng'Ang'A, Lucy W. Nguyen, Shon Sawadogo, Souleymane Sleeman, Katrina Stevens, Wendy Kuritsky, Joel Hader, Shannon Nkengasong, John TI Progress with Scale-Up of HIV Viral Load Monitoring - Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries, January 2015-June 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Lecher, Shirley; Fonjungo, Peter N.; Kim, Andrea A.; Ellenberger, Dennis; Zhang, Guoqing; Appiah-Pippim, Georgette; Beard, Suzanne; Diallo, Karidia; Haberman, Holly; Hurlston, Mackenzie; Jadzak, Steven; Nguyen, Shon; Sleeman, Katrina; Hader, Shannon; Nkengasong, John] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Williams, Jason; Edgil, Dianna; Kuritsky, Joel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Toure, Christiane Adje; Borget, Marie Yolande] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Agolory, Simon; Sawadogo, Souleymane] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Windhoek, Namibia. [Carmona, Sergio; Stevens, Wendy] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Dept Mol Med & Haematol, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Chipungu, Geoffrey] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Downer, Marie; Muttai, Hellen; Mwangi, Jane W.; Ng'Ang'A, Lucy W.] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kiyaga, Charles] Cent Publ Hlth Labs, Kampala, Uganda. [MacLeod, William] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Clin Med, Fac Hlth Sci, Hlth Econ & Epidemiol Res Off,Dept Internal Med, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Makumb, Boniface] Namibia Inst Pathol, Windhoek, Namibia. [Mwangi, Christina; Naluguza, Mary] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Kampala, Uganda. [Mwasekaga, Michael] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Lecher, S (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM slecher@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 2 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 47 BP 1332 EP 1335 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE4GX UT WOS:000389561400002 PM 27906910 ER PT J AU Wejnert, C Hess, KL Hall, HI Van Handel, M Hayes, D Fulton, P An, Q Koenig, LJ Prejean, J Valleroy, LA AF Wejnert, Cyprian Hess, Kristen L. Hall, H. Irene Van Handel, Michelle Hayes, Demorah Fulton, Paul, Jr. An, Qian Koenig, Linda J. Prejean, Joseph Valleroy, Linda A. TI Vital Signs: Trends in HIV Diagnoses, Risk Behaviors, and Prevention Among Persons Who Inject Drugs - United States SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; USERS AB Background: Persons who inject drugs (PWID) Are at increased risk for poor health outcomes and bloodbome infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections. Although Substantial progress has beenmade in reducing HIV infections among PWID, recent changes in drug use could challenge this success. Methods: CDC used National HIV Surveillance Systern data to-analyzetrends in HIV diagnoses. Further, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance interviews of PWID in 22 cities were analyzed to describe risk behaviors and use of prevention services among all PWID and among PWID who first injected drugs, during the 5 years before their interview (new PWID). Results: During 2008-2014, HIV diagnoses among PWID declined in urban and nonurban areas, but have leveled Off in,tecent years. Among PWID in 22 cities, during 2005-2015, syringe Sharing decreased by 34% among blacks/African Americans (blacks) and by 12% among Hispanics/Latinos (Hispanics), but remained unchanged among-whites. The racial composition of new PWID changed during 2005-2015: the percentage who were black decreased from 38% to 19%, the percentage who were-white increased from 38% to -54%, and the percentage who were HispaniC-remained stable: Among new PWID interviewed in 2015, whites engaged in riskier injection behaviors than blacks. Conclusions: Decreases in HIV diagnoses among PWID indicate success in HIV prevention. However, emerging behavioral and demographic trends could reverse this success. Implications for public health practice: Access to comprehensive prevention services is essential for all PWID, Syringe services programareduce syringe-sharing and can help PWID access prevention and treatment services for HIV and other bloodbotrie diseases, such as hepatitis C and hepatitis B. C1 [Wejnert, Cyprian; Hess, Kristen L.; Hall, H. Irene; Van Handel, Michelle; Hayes, Demorah; Fulton, Paul, Jr.; An, Qian; Koenig, Linda J.; Prejean, Joseph; Valleroy, Linda A.] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wejnert, C (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cwejnert@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 2 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 47 BP 1336 EP 1342 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE4GX UT WOS:000389561400003 PM 27906906 ER PT J AU van der Linden, V Pessoa, A Dobyns, W Barkovich, AJ van der Linden, H Rolim, EL Ribeiro, EM Leal, MD Coimbra, PPDA Araglo, MDVV Vercosa, I Ventura, C Ramos, RC Cruz, DDCS Cordeiro, MT Mota, VMR Dott, M Hillard, C Moore, CA AF van der Linden, Vanessa Pessoa, Andre Dobyns, William Barkovich, A. James van der Linden, Helio, Jr. Rolim Filho, Epitacio Leite Ribeiro, Erlane Marques Leal, Mariana de Carvalho de Aratijo Coimbra, Pablo Picasso Viana Vasco Araglo, Maria de Fatima Vercosa, Islane Ventura, Camila Ramos, Regina Coeli Sousa Cruz, Danielle Di Cavalcanti Cordeiro, Marli Tenorio Ribeiro Mota, Vivian Maria Dott, Mary Hillard, Christina Moore, Cynthia A. TI Description of 13 Infants Born During October 2015-January 2016 With Congenital Zika Virus Infection Without Microcephaly at Birth - Brazil SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [van der Linden, Vanessa; Rolim Filho, Epitacio Leite] Assoc Assistance Disabled Children, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Pessoa, Andre; Ribeiro, Erlane Marques] Hosp Infantil Albert Sabin, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Dobyns, William] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dobyns, William] Seattle Childrens Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [Barkovich, A. James] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [van der Linden, Helio, Jr.] Dr Henrique Santillo Rehabil Ctr, Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Rolim Filho, Epitacio Leite; Leal, Mariana de Carvalho] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Leal, Mariana de Carvalho] Agamenon Magalhaes Hosp HAM, Recife, PE, Brazil. [de Aratijo Coimbra, Pablo Picasso] Uniclin Diagnost Imagem, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Viana Vasco Araglo, Maria de Fatima] Ctr Diagnost Multimagem, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Viana Vasco Araglo, Maria de Fatima] Mauricio de Nassau Univ, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Vercosa, Islane] Caviver Clin, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Ventura, Camila; Ramos, Regina Coeli] Altino Ventura Fdn, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Ventura, Camila; Sousa Cruz, Danielle Di Cavalcanti] Pernambucos Eye Hosp, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Ventura, Camila; Ramos, Regina Coeli] Oswaldo Cruz Univ Hosp, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Ventura, Camila; Sousa Cruz, Danielle Di Cavalcanti] Prof Fernando Figueira Integral Med Inst, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Cordeiro, Marli Tenorio] Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Ribeiro Mota, Vivian Maria] Univ Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Dott, Mary] CDC, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hillard, Christina; Moore, Cynthia A.] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moore, CA (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zikamch@cdc.gov OI Dobyns, William/0000-0002-7681-2844 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 11 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 2 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 47 BP 1343 EP 1348 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE4GX UT WOS:000389561400004 PM 27906905 ER PT J AU Middaugh, N Petersen, B McCollum, AM Smelser, C AF Middaugh, Nicole Petersen, Brett McCollum, Andrea M. Smelser, Chad TI Adverse Reaction After Vaccinia Virus Vaccination - New Mexico, 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Middaugh, Nicole] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Petersen, Brett; McCollum, Andrea M.] CDC, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smelser, Chad] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Middaugh, N (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nmiddaugh@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD DEC 2 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 47 BP 1351 EP 1352 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE4GX UT WOS:000389561400006 PM 27906908 ER PT J AU Koyande, S Subramanian, S Edwards, P Hoover, S Deshmane, V Tankga, F Dikshit, R Saraiya, M AF Koyande, Shravani Subramanian, Sujha Edwards, Patrick Hoover, Sonja Deshmane, Vinay Tankga, Florence Dikshit, Rajesh Saraiya, Mona TI Economic evaluation of Mumbai and its satellite cancer registries: Implications for expansion of data collection SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE India; Mumbai; Economic evaluation; Cancer registry; Cost ID INDIA; VOLUME; IMPACT AB Background: The Mumbai Cancer Registry is a population-based cancer registry that has been in operation for more than five decades and has successfully initiated and integrated three satellite registries in Pune, Nagpur, and Aurangabad, each covering specific urban populations of the Indian state Maharashtra. Data collectors at the satellites perform data abstraction, but Mumbai carries out all other core registration activities such as data analysis and quality assurance. Each of the three satellite registries follows the same data collection methodology as the main Mumbai Cancer Registry. This study examines the cost of operating the Mumbai and its satellite cancer registries. Methods: We modified and used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) International Registry Costing Tool (IntRegCosting Tool) to collect cost and resource use data for the Mumbai Cancer Registry and three satellites. Results: Almost 60% of the registration expenditure was borne by the Indian Cancer Society, which hosts the Mumbai Cancer Registry, and more than half of the registry expenditure was related to data collection activities. Across the combined registries, 93% of the expenditure was spent on labor. Overall, registration activities had a low cost per case of 226.10 Indian rupees (or a little less than 4.00 US dollars in 2014 [ used average exchange rate in 2014: 1 US $ = 60 Indian rupees]). Conclusion: The centralization of fixed-cost activities in Mumbai likely resulted in economies of scale in operating the Mumbai and satellite registries, which, together, report on almost 20,000 cancer cases annually. In middle-income countries like India, where financial resources are limited, the operational framework provided by the Mumbai and satellite registries can serve as a model for other registries looking to expand data collection. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Koyande, Shravani; Deshmane, Vinay] Indian Canc Soc, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. [Subramanian, Sujha; Edwards, Patrick; Hoover, Sonja] RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,Res Triangle Pk, Durham, NC USA. [Tankga, Florence; Saraiya, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dikshit, Rajesh] Tata Mem Hosp, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. RP Subramanian, S (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,Res Triangle Pk, Durham, NC USA. EM ssubramanian@rti.org FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2008-27958] FX This work was funded in part by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Contract Number 200-2008-27958, Task Order 43, to RTI International. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1877-7821 EI 1877-783X J9 CANCER EPIDEMIOL JI Cancer Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 45 SU 1 BP S43 EP S49 DI 10.1016/j.canep.2016.10.002 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EM9HR UT WOS:000395623000007 PM 27726981 ER PT J AU Martelly, TN Rose, AMC Subramanian, S Edwards, P Tangka, FKL Saraiya, M AF Martelly, Tanya N. Rose, Angela M. C. Subramanian, Sujha Edwards, Patrick Tangka, Florence K. L. Saraiya, Mona TI Economic assessment of integrated cancer and cardiovascular registries: The Barbados experience SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Non-communicable disease registries; Cancer; Cardiovascular disease; Economic evaluation; Activity-based cost AB Background: This report describes the resources required to support the integrated approach of the Barbados National Registry for Chronic Non-communicable Diseases (BNR) to non-communicable disease (NCD) case registration, and to identify differences in cost for collecting and maintaining information on cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) case registration. Methods: We used the modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's International Registry Costing Tool to collect data from the CVD and cancer registries. We used cancer and CVD cost data for the annual period April 2014 through March 2015 to estimate the total cost and cost per case. We used prospectively collected average annual CVD cases, and for cancer cases we assumed 2 or 3 years are needed for retrospective data collection. Results: The Ministry of Health provided 56% of the resources for the registries. Labor accounted for over 70% of both registries' budgets, while management and administration, along with data collection and analysis, incurred the highest costs per case. Total variable cost activities related to data collection and analysis were higher for the CVD component (US$ 131,297) than the cancer component (US$ 58,917). The CVD cost per case (US$ 489) was in between the cancer 2-year (US$ 382) and the cancer 3-year (US$ 573) cost-per-case estimates. Conclusion: These findings indicate that there are substantial fixed costs related to management and administration of NCD registries. All registries need management and administration support. When registries are combined, management and administration costs can be shared. We project that registries that can share fixed-cost infrastructure are likely to incur a lower total cost per case. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Martelly, Tanya N.; Rose, Angela M. C.] Univ West Indies, Chron Dis Res Ctr, Avalon,Jemmotts Lane,St, Kingston, Barbados. [Subramanian, Sujha; Edwards, Patrick] RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,Res Triangle Pk, Durham, NC USA. [Tangka, Florence K. L.; Saraiya, Mona] Centers Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tangka, FKL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, 4770 Buford Highway, Buford Highway, NE 4770 USA. EM fbt9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-200827958] FX We would like to thank the staff at the CDRC, UWI, and the registry team at the BNR for their assistance in providing the information needed to ensure a comprehensive and detailed data collection process. This work was funded in part by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Contract Number 200-200827958, Task Order 43, to RTI International. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1877-7821 EI 1877-783X J9 CANCER EPIDEMIOL JI Cancer Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 45 SU 1 BP S37 EP S42 DI 10.1016/j.canep.2016.10.020 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EM9HR UT WOS:000395623000006 PM 27865650 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Tangka, FKL Asma, S Richardson, LC AF Saraiya, Mona Tangka, Florence K. L. Asma, Samira Richardson, Lisa C. TI Importance of economic evaluation of cancer registration in the resource limited setting: Laying the groundwork for surveillance systems SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Saraiya, Mona] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Off Int Canc Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tangka, Florence K. L.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promotion, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Asma, Samira] Div Global Hlth Protect, Noncommunicable Dis Branch, Ctr Global Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Richardson, Lisa C.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Divis Canc Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Centers Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 4770 USA. EM MSaraiya@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1877-7821 EI 1877-783X J9 CANCER EPIDEMIOL JI Cancer Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 45 SU 1 BP S1 EP S3 DI 10.1016/j.canep.2016.10.001 PG 3 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EM9HR UT WOS:000395623000001 PM 27751693 ER PT J AU Tangka, FKL Subramanian, S Edwards, P Cole-Beebe, M Parkin, DM Bray, F Joseph, R Mery, L Saraiya, M AF Tangka, Florence K. L. Subramanian, Sujha Edwards, Patrick Cole-Beebe, Maggie Parkin, D. Maxwell Bray, Freddie Joseph, Rachael Mery, Les Saraiya, Mona CA Canc Registration Economic Evaluat TI Resource requirements for cancer registration in areas with limited resources: Analysis of cost data from four low-and middle-income countries SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Economic evaluation; Cost; Cancer registries; Low-and middle-income countries; Africa; India; South america; Surveillance; Cancer control ID NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES; VOLUME AB Background: The key aims of this study were to identify sources of support for cancer registry activities, to quantify resource use and estimate costs to operate registries in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) at different stages of development across three continents. Methods: Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) International Registry Costing Tool (IntRegCosting Tool), cost and resource use data were collected from eight population-based cancer registries, including one in a low-income country (Uganda [Kampala)]), two in lower to middle-income countries (Kenya [Nairobi] and India [Mumbai]), and five in an upper to middle-income country (Colombia [Pasto, Barranquilla, Bucaramanga, Manizales and Cali cancer registries]). Results: Host institution contributions accounted for 30%-70% of total investment in cancer registry activities. Cancer registration involves substantial fixed cost and labor. Labor accounts for more than 50% of all expenditures across all registries. The cost per cancer case registered in low-income and lower-middle-income countries ranged from US $3.77 to US $15.62 (United States dollars). In Colombia, an upper to middle-income country, the cost per case registered ranged from US $41.28 to US $113.39. Registries serving large populations (over 15 million inhabitants) had a lower cost per inhabitant (less than US $0.01 in Mumbai, India) than registries serving small populations (under 500,000 inhabitants) [US $0.22] in Pasto, Colombia. Conclusion: This study estimates the total cost and resources used for cancer registration across several countries in the limited-resource setting, and provides cancer registration stakeholders and registries-with opportunities to identify cost savings and efficiency improvements. Our results suggest that cancer registration involve substantial fixed costs and labor, and that partnership with other institutions is critical for the operation and sustainability of cancer registries in limited resource settings. Although we included registries from a variety of limited-resource areas, information from eight registries in four countries may not be large enough to capture all the potential differences among the registries in limited-resource settings. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tangka, Florence K. L.; Saraiya, Mona] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Subramanian, Sujha; Edwards, Patrick] RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,Res Triangle Pk, Durham, NC USA. [Parkin, D. Maxwell; Joseph, Rachael] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Honorary Senior Res Fellow, Richard Doll Bldg,Old Rd Campus,Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7LF, England. [Bray, Freddie; Mery, Les] Int Agcy Res Canc IARC, Sect Canc Surveillance, Lyon, France. [Joseph, Rachael] United States Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Tangka, FKL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA.; Tangka, FKL (reprint author), Centers Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC 4770 Buford Highway NE Mailstop K-76, Durham, NC 4770 USA. EM fbt9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2008-27958] FX This work was funded in part by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Contract Number 200-2008-27958, Task Order 43, to RTI International. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1877-7821 EI 1877-783X J9 CANCER EPIDEMIOL JI Cancer Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 45 SU 1 BP S50 EP S58 DI 10.1016/j.canep.2016.10.009 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EM9HR UT WOS:000395623000008 PM 27793574 ER PT J AU Goga, AE Dinh, TH Jackson, DJ Lombard, CJ Puren, A Sherman, G Ramokolo, V Woldesenbet, S Doherty, T Noveve, N Magasana, V Singh, Y Ramraj, T Bhardwaj, S Pillay, Y AF Goga, Ameena E. Dinh, Thu-Ha Jackson, Debra J. Lombard, Carl J. Puren, Adrian Sherman, Gayle Ramokolo, Vundli Woldesenbet, Selamawit Doherty, Tanya Noveve, Nobuntu Magasana, Vuyolwethu Singh, Yagespari Ramraj, Trisha Bhardwaj, Sanjana Pillay, Yogan CA South Africa PMTCT Evaluation SAPM TI Population-level effectiveness of PMTCT Option A on early mother-to-child (MTCT) transmission of HIV in South Africa: implications for eliminating MTCT SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL REGIMENS; PROGRAM AB Background Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV (EMTCT), defined as <= 50 infant HIV infections per 100 000 live births, is a global priority. Since 2011 policies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) shifted from maternal antiretroviral (ARV) treatment or prophylaxis contingent on CD4 cell count to lifelong maternal ARV treatment (cART). We sought to measure progress with early (4-8 weeks postpartum) MTCT prevention and elimination, 2011-2013, at national and sub-national levels in South Africa, a high antenatal HIV prevalence setting (approximate to 29%), where early MTCT was 3.5% in 2010. Methods Two surveys were conducted (August 2011-March 2012 and October 2012-May 2013), in 580 health facilities, randomly selected after two-stage probability proportional to size sampling of facilities (the primary sampling unit), to provide valid national and sub-national-(provincial)- level estimates. Data collectors interviewed caregivers of eligible infants, reviewed patient-held charts, and collected infant dried blood spots (iDBS). Confirmed positive HIV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and positive total HIV nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated infant HIV exposure or infection, respectively. Weighted survey analysis was conducted for each survey and for the pooled data. Findings National data from 10 106 and 9120 participants were analyzed (2011-12 and 2012-13 surveys respectively). Infant HIV exposure was 32.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 30.7-33.6%), in 2011-12 and 33.1% (95% CI 31.8-34.4%), provincial range of 22.1-43.6% in 2012-13. MTCT was 2.7% (95% CI 2.1%-3.2%) in 2011-12 and 2.6% (95% CI 2.0-3.2%), provincial range of 1.9-5.4% in 2012-13. HIV-infected ARV-exposed mothers had significantly lower unadjusted early MTCT (2.0% [2011-12: 1.6-2.5%; 2012-13: 1.5-2.6%]) compared to HIV-infected ARV-naive mothers [10.2% in 2011-12 (6.5-13.8%); 9.2% in 2012-13 (5.6-12.7%)]. Pooled analyses demonstrated significantly lower early MTCT among exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) mothers receiving > 10 weeks ARV prophylaxis or cART compared with EBF and no ARVs: (2.2% [95% CI 1.25-3.09%] vs 12.2% [95% CI 4.7-19.6%], respectively); among HIV-infected ARV-exposed mothers, 24.9% (95% CI 23.5-26.3%) initiated cART during or before the first trimester, and their early MTCT was 1.2% (95% CI 0.6-1.7%). Extrapolating these data, assuming 32% EIA positivity and 2.6% or 1.2% MTCT, 832 and 384 infants per 100 000 live births were HIV infected, respectively. Conclusions: Although we demonstrate sustained national-level PMTCT impact in a high HIV prevalence setting, results are far-removed from EMTCT targets. Reducing maternal HIV prevalence and treating all maternal HIV infection early are critical for further progress. C1 [Goga, Ameena E.; Ramokolo, Vundli; Woldesenbet, Selamawit; Doherty, Tanya; Noveve, Nobuntu; Magasana, Vuyolwethu; Singh, Yagespari; Ramraj, Trisha] South African Med Res Council, Hlth Syst Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa. [Goga, Ameena E.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Paediat, Pretoria, South Africa. [Dinh, Thu-Ha] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jackson, Debra J.; Doherty, Tanya] Univ Western Cape, Sch Publ Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa. [Jackson, Debra J.] UNICEF, New York, NY USA. [Lombard, Carl J.] South African Med Res Council, Biostat Unit, Cape Town, South Africa. [Lombard, Carl J.] Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, Cape Town, South Africa. [Puren, Adrian; Sherman, Gayle] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr HIV & STI, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Puren, Adrian] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Med, Sch Pathol, Div Virol & Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Sherman, Gayle] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Bhardwaj, Sanjana] UNICEF, Pretoria, South Africa. [Pillay, Yogan] Natl Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Goga, AE (reprint author), Francie van Zyl Dr, ZA-7505 Cape Town, South Africa. EM ameena.goga@mrc.ac.za FU CDC [1U2GPS001137]; SAMRC [1U2GPS001137]; UNICEF; National Department of Health; South African National AIDS Council; European Union (through the National Department of Health); South African National Research Foundation; Global Fund FX This evaluation was primarily supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief under the Cooperative Agreement between CDC and the SAMRC (1U2GPS001137). We also thank UNICEF and the National Department of Health for technical and financial support; the South African National AIDS Council, European Union (through the National Department of Health), the South African National Research Foundation and the Global Fund for financial support. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV EDINBURGH, GLOBAL HEALTH SOC PI EDINBURGH PA CENTRE POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES, TEVIOT PL, EDINBURGH, EH8 9AG, ENGLAND SN 2047-2978 EI 2047-2986 J9 J GLOB HEALTH JI J. Glob. Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 6 IS 2 AR 020405 DI 10.7189/jogh.06.020405 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EO8YN UT WOS:000396976500015 ER PT J AU Hubbard, D Johnson, W Baytop, C Royal, S AF Hubbard, Donna Johnson, Wayne Baytop, Chanza Royal, Scott TI Risk Behaviors and Testing History of African American MSM: Implications for Prevention SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE HIV; African American; MSM; Testing; Social network strategy ID HIV; MEN; SEX AB Objectives: Knowledge of HIV status is an important step in prevention efforts especially for at risk populations like MSM. CDC recommends that MSM be tested at least annually. There is a limited information on the demographics and risk behaviors of MSM who never tested or test infrequently. This study examined the demographic characteristics, risk behaviors, and HIV status of African American MSM who reported never previously testing for HIV, testing > 12 months prior, or testing within the last 12 months from a testing evaluation study in Washington, D.C. Methods: Eligibility requirements were: 18 -> 64 years old; Black/African American; biologically male; and self-reported oral and/or anal sex with a man in the past six months. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used. Results: Men who never tested had greater odds of being 25 -> 34 years old, identifying as bisexual or heterosexual and reporting condomless sex with female and male partners. In the multivariate model, men who never tested or tested > 12 months prior to the study had a greater likelihood of having a BS degree, and being age 35 or over. Being newly identified as HIV-positive was associated with never testing and testing > 12 months prior, but was significant in the multivariate model only for never testing. Conclusion: Results suggest prevention strategies should target risk behaviors rather than orientation and engage older men. Future studies should identify factors associated with risky sexual behaviors for men who never test or test infrequently in order to inform prevention interventions. C1 [Hubbard, Donna; Johnson, Wayne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS D-21, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Baytop, Chanza; Royal, Scott] Abt Associates Inc, 4550 Montgomery Ave,8th Floor, Bethesda, MD 20866 USA. RP Hubbard, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS D-21, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zyr1@cdc.gov FU U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1UR6 PS000330-01] FX This work was funded by a Cooperative Agreement from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Contract # 1UR6 PS000330-01. The authors wish to acknowledge other members of the CDC Study Team, Mr. Greg Millett, Dr. Kenneth Jones, Dr. Holly Fisher and Mr. Sekhar Thadiparthi for their outstanding contributions to this study. We also thank Dr. Ron Simmons, the staff of Us Helping Us, People Into Living, Incorporated and the study participants for making this effort possible. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 EI 1943-4693 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD WIN PY 2016 VL 108 IS 4 BP 220 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.jnma.2016.08.003 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EP0BT UT WOS:000397052500008 ER PT J AU Teo, CG Yesupriya, A Chang, MH Zhang, L AF Teo, Chong-Gee Yesupriya, Ajay Chang, Man-Huei Zhang, Lyna TI Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms and Their Protective Effect on Hepatitis E Virus Replication Reply SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Teo, Chong-Gee; Zhang, Lyna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Yesupriya, Ajay] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Res Data Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chang, Man-Huei] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Off Directors, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Teo, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0270-9139 EI 1527-3350 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD DEC PY 2016 VL 64 IS 6 BP 2276 EP 2277 DI 10.1002/hep.28787 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA EK4MF UT WOS:000393900200096 PM 27541196 ER PT J AU Karpathy, SE Slater, KS Goldsmith, CS Nicholson, WL Paddock, CD AF Karpathy, Sandor E. Slater, Kimetha S. Goldsmith, Cynthia S. Nicholson, William L. Paddock, Christopher D. TI Rickettsia amblyommatis sp nov, a spotted fever group Rickettsia associated with multiple species of Amblyomma ticks in North, Central and South America SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ACARI IXODIDAE; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; ORGANISMS; ARGENTINA; EHRLICHIA; TENNESSEE; CAROLINA AB In 1973, investigators isolated a rickettsial organism, designated strain WB-8-2(T), from an adult Amblyomma americanum tick collected at Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area, TN, USA. This organism is now recognized as highly prevalent in A. americanum, as well as several other Amblyomma species found throughout the Western hemisphere. It has been suggested that cross-reactivity to WB-8-2T and similar strains contributes to the increasing number of spotted fever cases reported in the USA. In 1995, investigators provided preliminary evidence that this strain, as well as another strain from Missouri, represented a distinct taxonomic unit within the genus Rickettsia by evaluating sequences of the 16S rRNA and 17 kDa protein genes. However, the bacterium was never formally named, despite the use of the designation 'Rickettsia amblyommii and later 'Candidatus Rickettsia amblyommii', for more than 20 years in the scientific literature. Herein, we provide additional molecular evidence to identify strain WB-8-2(T) as a representative strain of a unique rickettsial species and present a formal description for the species, with the proposed name modified to Rickettsia amblyommatis sp. nov. to conform to the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. We also establish a pure culture of strain WB-8-2T and designate it as the type strain for the species. The type strain is WB-8-2(T) (=CRIRC RAM004(T)=CSURP2882(T)). C1 [Karpathy, Sandor E.; Slater, Kimetha S.; Nicholson, William L.; Paddock, Christopher D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Goldsmith, Cynthia S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Karpathy, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skarpathy@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MICROBIOLOGY SOC PI LONDON PA CHARLES DARWIN HOUSE, 12 ROGER ST, LONDON WC1N 2JU, ERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 EI 1466-5034 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 66 BP 5236 EP 5243 DI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001502 PN 12 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EJ6VM UT WOS:000393357900054 PM 27638476 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, M Lyman, MM Watkins, LKF Toews, KA Bullard, L Radcliffe, RA Beall, B Langley, G Van Beneden, C Stone, ND AF Kobayashi, Miwako Lyman, Meghan M. Watkins, Louise K. Francois Toews, Karrie-Ann Bullard, Leon Radcliffe, Rachel A. Beall, Bernard Langley, Gayle Van Beneden, Chris Stone, Nimalie D. TI A Cluster of Group A Streptococcal Infections in a Skilled Nursing Facility-the Potential Role of Healthcare Worker Presenteeism SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Group A Streptococcus; skilled nursing facility; infection control; outbreak; "presenteeism" ID SICKNESS PRESENTEEISM; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; RESIDENTS; EMPLOYERS; GEORGIA; ABSENCE; IMPACT; HOMES; COST AB OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent of a group A streptococcus (GAS) cluster (2 residents with invasive GAS (invasive case-patients), 2 carriers) caused by a single strain (T antigen type 2 and M protein gene subtype 2.0 (T2, emm 2.0)), evaluate factors contributing to transmission, and provide recommendations for disease control. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis and retrospective review. SETTING: Skilled nursing facility (SNF). PARTICIPANTS: SNF residents and staff. MEASUREMENTS: The initial cluster was identified through laboratory notification and screening of SNF residents with wounds. Laboratory and SNF administrative records were subsequently reviewed to identify additional residents with GAS, oropharyngeal and wound (if present) swabs were collected from SNF staff and residents to examine GAS colonization, staff were surveyed to assess infection control practices and risk factors for GAS colonization, epidemiologic links between case-patients and persons colonized with GAS were determined, and facility infection control practices were assessed. RESULTS: No additional invasive case-patients were identified. Oropharyngeal swabs obtained from all 167 SNF residents were negative; one wound swab grew GAS that was the same as the outbreak strain (T2, emm 2.0). The outbreak strain was not identified in any of the 162 staff members. One of six staff members diagnosed with GAS pharyngitis worked while ill and had direct contact with invasive case-patients within a few weeks before their onset of symptoms. Additional minor breaches in infection control were noted. CONCLUSION: Sick healthcare workers may have introduced GAS into the SNF, with propagation by infection control lapses. " Presenteeism," or working while ill, may introduce and transmit GAS to vulnerable in SNF populations. Identification of an invasive GAS case-patient should trigger a prompt response by facilities to prevent further transmission and workplace culture, and policies should be in place to discourage presenteeism in healthcare settings. C1 [Kobayashi, Miwako; Lyman, Meghan M.; Watkins, Louise K. Francois] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kobayashi, Miwako; Watkins, Louise K. Francois; Toews, Karrie-Ann; Beall, Bernard; Langley, Gayle; Van Beneden, Chris] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lyman, Meghan M.; Stone, Nimalie D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bullard, Leon; Radcliffe, Rachel A.] South Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC USA. RP Kobayashi, M (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-25, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mkobayashi@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-8614 EI 1532-5415 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 64 IS 12 BP E279 EP E284 DI 10.1111/jgs.14505 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA EK0AR UT WOS:000393589200007 PM 27996105 ER PT J AU Mzilahowa, T Luka-Banda, M Uzalili, V Mathanga, DP Campbell, CH Mukaka, M Gimnig, JE AF Mzilahowa, Themba Luka-Banda, Madalitso Uzalili, Veronica Mathanga, Don P. Campbell, Carl H., Jr. Mukaka, Mavuto Gimnig, John E. TI Risk factors for Anopheles mosquitoes in rural and urban areas of Blantyre District, southern Malawi SO MALAWI MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DAR-ES-SALAAM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS; MALARIA VECTORS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; HOUSE ENTRY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; TANZANIA; AFRICA AB Background Although urban malaria transmission is low and seasonal, it remains a major public health problem. This study aimed at demonstrating the presence of Anopheles mosquitoes and their potential to transmit malaria in urban settings. Methods Two cross-sectional surveys were carried out in Blantyre District, Malawi, during the dry and wet seasons of 2008 and 2010, respectively. A map of Blantyre was divided into a grid of 400 cells, of which 60 cells were randomly selected. Five households located within 100 m from the centre of each selected cell were enrolled, a standard questionnaire was administered, and indoor resting mosquitoes were sampled. Results In 2008 and 2010, a total of 960 and 1045 mosquitoes were collected, respectively. Anopheles funestus comprised 9.9% (n = 95) and 10.3% (n = 108) during the two surveys, respectively. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) was rarely detected during the second survey (n = 6; 0.6%). Molecular identification was performed on samples collected during the first survey, and An. funestus sensu stricto (s.s.) was the only sibling species detected. All the Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from households located in rural areas of Blantyre and none from urban areas. In univariate analysis, the presence of open eaves was associated with increased Anopheles prevalence, both during the dry (incidence rate ratio, IRR = 4.3; 95% CI 2.4 - 7.6) and wet (IRR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.7 - 3.59) seasons. Chances of detecting Anopheles spp. decreased with increasing altitude (IRR = 0.996; 95% CI 0.995 - 0.997) and during the dry season, but increased during the wet season (IRR = 1.0017; 95% CI 1.0012 - 1.0023). These factors remained significant following a multiple Poisson regression analysis. No association was found between insecticide-treated bednet ownership and the number of Anopheles mosquitoes detected. Conclusions The presence of An. funestus s. s and An. gambiae s.l. in the periphery of Blantyre city was an indication that malaria transmission was potentially taking place in these areas. C1 [Mzilahowa, Themba; Luka-Banda, Madalitso; Uzalili, Veronica; Mathanga, Don P.] Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Malaria Alert Ctr, Blantyre, Malawi. [Campbell, Carl H., Jr.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Mukaka, Mavuto] Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clin Res Programm, Blantyre, Malawi. [Gimnig, John E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mzilahowa, T (reprint author), Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Malaria Alert Ctr, Blantyre, Malawi. EM tmzilahowa@mac.medcol.mw FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [3U01CK000135]; University of Malawi [3U01CK000135]; NIH [5R01TW7599] FX This study was made possible with funding from the Cooperative Agreement Number 3U01CK000135 between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the University of Malawi, and NIH Grant Number 5R01TW7599. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MED COLL MALAWI PI CHICHIRI PA MALAWAI MEDICAL JOURNAL, PRIVATE BAG 360, CHICHIRI, BLANTYRE 3 00000, MALAWI SN 1995-7262 EI 1995-7270 J9 MALAWI MED J JI Malawi Med. J. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 28 IS 4 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.4314/mmj.v28i4.2 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EL3MP UT WOS:000394523500002 PM 28321278 ER PT J AU Matthews, KA Holt, J Gaglioti, AH Lochner, KA Shoff, C McGuire, LC Greenlund, KJ AF Matthews, Kevin A. Holt, James Gaglioti, Anne H. Lochner, Kim A. Shoff, Carla McGuire, Lisa C. Greenlund, Kurt J. TI County-Level Variation in Per Capita Spending for Multiple Chronic Conditions Among Fee-for-Service Medicare Beneficiaries, United States, 2014 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Matthews, Kevin A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F78, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Holt, James; McGuire, Lisa C.; Greenlund, Kurt J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gaglioti, Anne H.] Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [Lochner, Kim A.; Shoff, Carla] Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Matthews, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F78, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM yrp4@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 13 AR E162 DI 10.5888/pcd13.160240 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ3KP UT WOS:000393111400002 PM 27906647 ER PT J AU Merlo, CL Michael, S Brener, ND Coffield, E Kingsley, BS Zytnick, D Blanck, H AF Merlo, Caitlin L. Michael, Shannon Brener, Nancy D. Coffield, Edward Kingsley, Beverly S. Zytnick, Deena Blanck, Heidi TI Differences in Food and Beverage Marketing Policies and Practices in US School Districts, by Demographic Characteristics of School Districts, 2012 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MINNESOTA SECONDARY-SCHOOLS; ASSOCIATIONS; ENVIRONMENTS; DISPARITIES; LUNCHROOM; STUDENTS; OBESITY; HEALTH AB Introduction Foods and beverages marketed in schools are typically of poor nutritional value. School districts may adopt policies and practices to restrict marketing of unhealthful foods and to promote healthful choices. Students' exposure to marketing practices differ by school demographics, but these differences have not yet been examined by district characteristics. Methods We analyzed data from the 2012 School Health Policies and Practices Study to examine how food and beverage marketing and promotion policies and practices varied by district characteristics such as metropolitan status, size, and percentage of non-Hispanic white students. Results Most practices varied significantly by district size: a higher percentage of large districts than small or medium-sized districts restricted marketing of unhealthful foods and promoted healthful options. Compared with districts whose student populations were majority (>50%) non-Hispanic white, a higher percentage of districts whose student populations were minority non-Hispanic white (<= 50% non-Hispanic white) prohibited advertising of soft drinks in school buildings and on school grounds, made school meal menus available to students, and provided families with information on school nutrition programs. Compared with suburban and rural districts, a higher percentage of urban districts prohibited the sale of soft drinks on school grounds and used several practices to promote healthful options. Conclusion Preliminary findings showing significant associations between district demographics and marketing policies and practices can be used to help states direct resources, training, and technical assistance to address food and beverage marketing and promotion to districts most in need of improvement. C1 [Merlo, Caitlin L.; Michael, Shannon; Brener, Nancy D.; Coffield, Edward; Kingsley, Beverly S.; Zytnick, Deena; Blanck, Heidi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Coffield, Edward] Hofstra Univ, Hempstead, NY 11550 USA. [Zytnick, Deena] Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Merlo, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-78, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cmerlo@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 13 AR E169 DI 10.5888/pcd13.160163 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ3KP UT WOS:000393111400009 PM 27978408 ER PT J AU Nadeau, M Walaszek, A Perdue, DG Rhodes, KL Haverkamp, D Forster, J AF Nadeau, Melanie Walaszek, Anne Perdue, David G. Rhodes, Kristine L. Haverkamp, Donald Forster, Jean TI Influences and Practices in Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Health Care Providers Serving Northern Plains American Indians, 2011-2012 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FECAL OCCULT BLOOD; ALASKA-NATIVES; AVERAGE-RISK; PHYSICIANS; SURVEILLANCE; BEHAVIORS; PATTERNS AB Introduction The epidemiology of colorectal cancer, including incidence, mortality, age of onset, stage of diagnosis, and screening, varies regionally among American Indians. The objective of the Improving Northern Plains American Indian Colorectal Cancer Screening study was to improve understanding of colorectal cancer screening among health care providers serving Northern Plains American Indians. Methods Data were collected, in person, from a sample of 145 health care providers at 27 health clinics across the Northern Plains from May 2011 through September 2012. Participants completed a 32-question, self-administered assessment designed to assess provider practices, screening perceptions, and knowledge. Results The proportion of providers who ordered or performed at least 1 colorectal cancer screening test for an asymptomatic, average-risk patient in the previous month was 95.9% (139 of 145). Of these 139 providers, 97.1% ordered colonoscopies, 12.9% ordered flexible sigmoidoscopies, 73.4% ordered 3-card, guaiac-based, fecal occult blood tests, and 21.6% ordered fecal immunochemical tests. Nearly two-thirds (64.7%) reported performing in-office guaiacbased fecal occult blood tests using digital rectal examination specimens. Providers who reported receiving a formal update on colorectal cancer screening during the previous 24 months were more likely to screen using digital rectal exam specimens than providers who had received a formal update on colorectal cancer screening more than 24 months prior (73.9% vs 56.9%, respectively,X-2 = 4.29, P =.04). Conclusion Despite recommendations cautioning against the use of digital rectal examination specimens for colorectal cancer screening, the practice is common among providers serving Northern Plains American Indian populations. Accurate up-to-date, ongoing education for patients, the community, and health care providers is needed. C1 [Nadeau, Melanie] North Dakota State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Fargo, ND USA. [Walaszek, Anne; Rhodes, Kristine L.] Amer Indian Canc Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Perdue, David G.] Minnesota Gastroenterol PA, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Haverkamp, Donald] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Forster, Jean] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Nadeau, M (reprint author), North Dakota State Univ, Dept 2662, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM melanie.nadeau@ndsu.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control through IHS [HHSI236201000006C] FX We acknowledge the participating IHS, tribal health, and urban health clinics that took part in the INPACS program. We especially thank the tribal health directors, chief executive officers, clinic directors, providers, and clinic staff members who contributed their time to support this work to reduce the impact of cancer in American Indian communities. Funding for this study was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control through IHS contract no. HHSI236201000006C. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 13 AR E167 DI 10.5888/pcd13.160267 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ3KP UT WOS:000393111400007 PM 27978410 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KH Tong, VT Marynak, KL King, BA AF Nguyen, Kimberly H. Tong, Van T. Marynak, Kristy L. King, Brian A. TI US Adults' Perceptions of the Harmful Effects During Pregnancy of Using Electronic Vapor Products Versus Smoking Cigarettes, Styles Survey, 2015 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID AWARENESS; NICOTINE; TOBACCO AB Introduction Research suggests aerosol from electronic vapor products (EVPs) has fewer harmful constituents than conventional cigarette smoke. Even so, EVPs and other nicotine-containing products are not safe to use during pregnancy. We examined perceptions among US adults regarding harm in using EVPs rather than smoking cigarettes during pregnancy. Methods Data came from the 2015 Styles Survey, an Internet panel survey of a sample of US adults aged 18 years or older (N = 4,127). Perceived harm was assessed by asking respondents whether using EVPs was less, equally, or more harmful for pregnant women than smoking cigarettes. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate perceived harm overall and by sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco-use status. Perceived harm was assessed among all adults, women of reproductive age (18-44 years, n = 820), and women of nonreproductive age (= 45 years, n = 1,398). Results Among all adults, 11.1% believed using EVPs during pregnancy was less harmful than smoking conventional cigarettes, 51.0% believed it was equally harmful, 11.6% believed it was more harmful, and 26.2% did not know. Prevalence of perception of less harm, by demographic category, was greatest among adults aged 18 to 24 years, men, non-Hispanic whites, adults with less than a high school diploma, current EVP users, and current cigarette smokers (P < .05). Prevalence of perception of less harm was greater among women of reproductive age (9.6%) than among those of nonreproductive age (7.9%) (P < .05). Conclusion US adults have varying levels of perceptions about the harms of EVP use versus cigarette smoking during pregnancy. Efforts are warranted to prevent nicotine exposure during pregnancy and to educate adults on the dangers of using any form of tobacco during pregnancy, including EVPs. C1 [Nguyen, Kimberly H.; Marynak, Kristy L.; King, Brian A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Tong, Van T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nguyen, KH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Uxp1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 13 AR E175 DI 10.5888/pcd13.160349 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ3KP UT WOS:000393111400015 PM 28005528 ER PT J AU Onufrak, SJ Zaganjor, H Moore, LV Carlson, S Kimmons, J Galuska, D AF Onufrak, Stephen J. Zaganjor, Hatidza Moore, Latetia V. Carlson, Susan Kimmons, Joel Galuska, Deborah TI Nutrition Standards for Food Service Guidelines for Foods Served or Sold in Municipal Government Buildings or Worksites, United States, 2014 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; IMPLEMENTATION; POLICIES; HEALTHY; IMPACT AB Introduction The Institute of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have recommended that government agencies use nutrition standards for foods and beverages sold and provided at their facilities. In this study, we examine written nutrition standards for foods sold or served in local government buildings or worksites among US municipalities. Methods We used data from a 2014 national survey of 1,945 municipal governments serving populations of 1,000 or more to assess the presence of written nutrition standards, the food groups or nutrients addressed by standards, and the populations served by facilities where standards are applied. The prevalence of standards was estimated by municipality population size, rural-urban status, census region, poverty prevalence, education level, and racial/ethnic composition. Results Overall, 3.2% of US municipalities reported nutrition standards with greater prevalence observed among large municipalities (12.8% of municipalities with >= 50,000 people vs 2.2% of municipalities with <2,500 people, P <.001). Prevalence differed by region, and standards were most common in the West (6.6%) and least common in the Midwest (2.0%, P = .003). The most common nutrition topics addressed in standards were offering low-calorie beverages, fruits and vegetables, and free drinking water. Most standards applied to facilities serving government employees (67%) or the general public (66%), with fewer serving institutionalized populations (23%). Conclusion Few municipal governments reported having written nutrition standards for foods and beverages sold in their facilities in 2014. Implementing nutrition standards for foods sold or served by local governments is a strategy for increasing access to healthier foods and beverages among municipal employees and local residents. C1 [Onufrak, Stephen J.; Zaganjor, Hatidza; Moore, Latetia V.; Carlson, Susan; Kimmons, Joel; Galuska, Deborah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Onufrak, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Obes Prevent & Control Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-77, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM seo5@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 13 AR E172 DI 10.5888/pcd13.160364 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ3KP UT WOS:000393111400012 PM 28005531 ER PT J AU Wakim, R Ritchey, M Hockenberry, J Casper, M AF Wakim, Rita Ritchey, Matthew Hockenberry, Jason Casper, Michele TI Geographic Variations in Incremental Costs of Heart Disease Among Medicare Beneficiaries, by Type of Service, 2012 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Using 2012 data on fee-for-service Medicare claims, we documented regional and county variation in incremental standardized costs of heart disease (ie, comparing costs between beneficiaries with heart disease and beneficiaries without heart disease) by type of service (eg, inpatient, outpatient, post-acute care). Absolute incremental total costs varied by region. Although the largest absolute incremental total costs of heart disease were concentrated in southern and Appalachian counties, geographic patterns of costs varied by type of service. These data can be used to inform development of policies and payment models that address the observed geographic disparities. C1 [Wakim, Rita; Ritchey, Matthew; Casper, Michele] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Wakim, Rita; Hockenberry, Jason] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Wakim, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM myc5@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We thank Soyoun Park, Elvira McIntyre, and Isaac Nwaise, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This study was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 13 AR E180 DI 10.5888/pcd13.160209 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ3KP UT WOS:000393111400019 PM 28033089 ER PT J AU Harrison, OB Clemence, M Dillard, JP Tang, CM Trees, D Grad, YH Maiden, MCJ AF Harrison, Odile B. Clemence, Marianne Dillard, Joseph P. Tang, Christoph M. Trees, David Grad, Yonatan H. Maiden, Martin C. J. TI Genomic analyses of Neisseria gonorrhoeae reveal an association of the gonococcal genetic island with antimicrobial resistance SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Whole-genome sequencing; Antimicrobial resistance; Type IV secretion system; Gene-by-gene annotation ID MEDIATED PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; ENCODED EFFLUX PUMP; IV SECRETION; SPECTINOMYCIN RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CONJUGATIVE PLASMIDS; MUTATIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATION; EVOLUTION AB Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens our ability to treat the sexually transmitted bacterial infection gonorrhoea. The increasing availability of whole genome sequence (WGS) data from Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates, however, provides us with an opportunity in which WGS can be mined for AMR determinants. Methods: Chromosomal and plasmid genes implicated in AMR were catalogued on the PubMLST Neisseria database (http://pubmlst. org/neisseria). AMR genotypes were identified in WGS from 289 gonococci for which MICs against several antimicrobial compounds had been determined. Whole genome comparisons were undertaken using whole genome MLST (wgMLST). Results: Clusters of isolates with distinct AMR genotypes were apparent following wgMLST analysis consistent with the occurrence of genome wide genetic variation. This included the presence of the gonococcal genetic island (GGI), a type 4 secretion system shown to increase recombination and for which possession was significantly associated with AMR to multiple antimicrobials. Conclusions: Evolution of the gonococcal genome occurs in response to antimicrobial selective pressure resulting in the formation of distinct N. gonorrhoeae populations evidenced by the wgMLST clusters seen here. Genomic islands offer selective advantages to host bacteria and possession of the GGI may, not only facilitate the spread of AMR in gonococcal populations, but may also confer fitness advantages. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Infection Association. C1 [Harrison, Odile B.; Clemence, Marianne; Maiden, Martin C. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Dillard, Joseph P.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med Microbiol, Madison, WI USA. [Tang, Christoph M.] Univ Oxford, Sir William Dunn Sch Pathol, Oxford, England. [Trees, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Grad, Yonatan H.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Grad, Yonatan H.] Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. RP Harrison, OB (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. EM odile.harrison@zoo.ox.ac.uk OI Maiden, Martin/0000-0001-6321-5138 FU Wellcome Institutional Strategic Support Fund (WTISSF); Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford [H2RXJo00]; Wellcome Trust [087622]; National Institutes of Health [K08-AI104767-01]; CDC; CDC's Office of Advanced Molecular Detection [AMD-18] FX This study was jointly funded by a Wellcome Institutional Strategic Support Fund (WTISSF) and the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford (H2RXJo00). MCJM was supported by the Wellcome Trust (087622). YHG was supported by the National Institutes of Health (K08-AI104767-01). DLT supported by the CDC and CDC's Office of Advanced Molecular Detection (AMD-18). NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0163-4453 EI 1532-2742 J9 J INFECTION JI J. Infect. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 6 BP 578 EP 587 DI 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.08.010 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EJ3QE UT WOS:000393125900006 PM 27575582 ER PT J AU Wang, LM Wiener, J Bulterys, M Wei, XY Chen, LL Liu, W Liang, SJ Shepard, C Wang, LH Wang, AL Zhang, FJ Kourtis, AP AF Wang, Liming Wiener, Jeffrey Bulterys, Marc Wei, Xiaoyu Chen, Lili Liu, Wei Liang, Shujia Shepard, Colin Wang, Linhong Wang, Ailing Zhang, Fujie Kourtis, Athena P. TI Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Load Response to 2 Antiviral Regimens, Tenofovir/Lamivudine and Lamivudine, in HIV/HBV-Coinfected Pregnant Women in Guangxi, China: The Tenofovir in Pregnancy (TiP) Study SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE tenofovir; HIV/HBV coinfection; pregnancy; HBV suppression; lamivudine; HBV DNV viral load ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; HIV; METAANALYSIS; INFECTION; THERAPY AB Background. There is limited information on antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HBV. Methods. A phase 2 randomized, controlled trial of a regimen containing tenofovir (TDF)/lamivudine (3TC) and a regimen containing 3TC in HIV/HBV-coinfected pregnant women in China. The HBV virological response was compared in study arms. Results. The median decline in the HBV DNA level was 2.60 log(10) copies/mL in the TDF/3TC arm and 2.24 log(10) copies/mL in the 3TC arm (P = .41). All women achieved HBV DNA levels of <6 log(10) copies/mL at delivery. Conclusions. Initiation of either regimen led to achievement of HBV DNA levels below the threshold associated with perinatal HBV transmission. C1 [Wang, Liming; Bulterys, Marc; Wei, Xiaoyu; Shepard, Colin] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Global AIDS Program China Off, Div HIV & TB, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wang, Liming; Zhang, Fujie] Capital Med Univ, Beijing Ditan Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Liming; Zhang, Fujie] Capital Med Univ, Clin Ctr HIV AIDS, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Linhong; Wang, Ailing] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Women & Childrens Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Fujie] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr AIDS STD Prevent & Control, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, Lili] Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg Hlth & Family Plann, Nanning, Peoples R China. [Liu, Wei; Liang, Shujia] Guangxi Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nanning, Peoples R China. [Wiener, Jeffrey; Kourtis, Athena P.] CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bulterys, Marc; Shepard, Colin] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bulterys, Marc] WHO, Global Hepatitis Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, NCCDPHP, F74,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM apk3@cdc.gov FU US CDC; Guangxi Provincial CDC; Gilead Sciences FX This work was supported by the US CDC, the Guangxi Provincial CDC, and Gilead Sciences (through an award to the CDC Foundation). NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 214 IS 11 BP 1695 EP 1699 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiw439 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EJ3RH UT WOS:000393128800012 PM 27658693 ER PT J AU Peterson, I Bar-Zeev, N Kennedy, N Ho, A Newberry, L SanJoaquin, MA Menyere, M Alaerts, M Mapurisa, G Chilombe, M Mambule, I Lalloo, DG Anderson, ST Katangwe, T Cunliffe, N Nagelkerke, N McMorrow, M Widdowson, MA French, N Everett, D Heyderman, RS AF Peterson, Ingrid Bar-Zeev, Naor Kennedy, Neil Ho, Antonia Newberry, Laura SanJoaquin, Miguel A. Menyere, Mavis Alaerts, Maaike Mapurisa, Gugulethu Chilombe, Moses Mambule, Ivan Lalloo, David G. Anderson, Suzanne T. Katangwe, Thembi Cunliffe, Nigel Nagelkerke, Nico McMorrow, Meredith Widdowson, Marc-Allain French, Neil Everett, Dean Heyderman, Robert S. TI Respiratory Virus-Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness and Viral Clustering in Malawian Children in a Setting With a High Prevalence of HIV Infection, Malaria, and Malnutrition SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE children; SARI; Africa; viral coinfection; influenza ID PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; LESS-THAN-5 YEARS; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; SOUTH-AFRICA; VACCINE; BURDEN; KENYA; PNEUMONIA; ETIOLOGY; AGE AB Background. We used data from 4 years of pediatric severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) sentinel surveillance in Blantyre, Malawi, to identify factors associated with clinical severity and coviral clustering. Methods. From January 2011 to December 2014, 2363 children aged 3 months to 14 years presenting to the hospital with SARI were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for influenza virus and other respiratory viruses. We assessed risk factors for clinical severity and conducted clustering analysis to identify viral clusters in children with viral codetection. Results. Hospital-attended influenza virus-positive SARI incidence was 2.0 cases per 10 000 children annually; it was highest among children aged <1 year (6.3 cases per 10 000), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children aged 5-9 years (6.0 cases per 10 000). A total of 605 SARI cases (26.8%) had warning signs, which were positively associated with HIV infection (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.9), respiratory syncytial virus infection (aRR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3-3.0) and rainy season (aRR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6-3.8). We identified 6 coviral clusters; 1 cluster was associated with SARI with warning signs. Conclusions. Influenza vaccination may benefit young children and HIV-infected children in this setting. Viral clustering may be associated with SARI severity; its assessment should be included in routine SARI surveillance. C1 [Peterson, Ingrid; Menyere, Mavis; Alaerts, Maaike; Mapurisa, Gugulethu; Chilombe, Moses; Mambule, Ivan; Nagelkerke, Nico] Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust, Blantyre, Malawi. [Kennedy, Neil; Newberry, Laura; Katangwe, Thembi] Queen Elizabeth Cent Hosp, Dept Paediat, Blantyre, Malawi. [Bar-Zeev, Naor; Cunliffe, Nigel; French, Neil; Everett, Dean] Univ Liverpool, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Fac Hlth & Life Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Ho, Antonia] Univ Liverpool, Inst Ageing & Chron Dis, Fac Hlth & Life Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Lalloo, David G.] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Heyderman, Robert S.] UCL, Div Infect & Immun, London, England. [SanJoaquin, Miguel A.] World Bank, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Anderson, Suzanne T.] Med Res Council Gambia, Banjul, Gambia. [McMorrow, Meredith] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC South Africa, Influenza Div, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Widdowson, Marc-Allain] CDC, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Everett, D (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. EM deaneve@liverpool.ac.uk FU CDC [5U01CK000146-04] FX This work was supported by with the CDC through a cooperative agreement (grant 5U01CK000146-04). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 214 IS 11 BP 1700 EP 1711 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiw426 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EJ3RH UT WOS:000393128800013 PM 27630199 ER PT J AU Ali, O Aseffa, A Omer, AB Lema, T Demissie, TM Tekletsion, Y Worku, A Xabher, HG Yamuah, L Boukary, RM Collard, JM Dano, ID Habiboulaye, I Issaka, B Jusot, JF Ousmane, S Rabe, I Daugla, DM Gami, JP Gamougam, K Mbainadji, L Naibei, N Narbe, M Toralta, J Berthe, A Diallo, K Keita, M Coulibaly, A Onwuchekwa, U Sow, SO Tamboura, B Traore, A Toure, A Clark, T Mayer, L Amodu, M Beida, O Gadzama, G Omotara, B Zailani, S Yahya, S Chandramohan, D Greenwood, BM Hassan-King, M Manigart, O Nascimento, M Stuart, JM Woukeu, A Basta, NE Bai, XL Borrow, R Findlow, H Alavo, S Bassene, H Diallo, A Dieng, M Doucoure, S Gomis, JF Ndiaye, A Sokhna, C Trape, JF Bugri, A Forgor, A Hodgson, A Osei, I Quaye, SL Williams, J Wontuo, P Irving, T Trotter, CL Karachaliou, A Bennett, J Hill, D Harrison, O Maiden, MC Rebbetts, L Watkins, E AF Ali, Oumer Aseffa, Abraham Omer, Ahmed Bedru Lema, Tsehaynesh Demissie, Tesfaye Moti Tekletsion, Yenenesh Worku, Alemayehu Xabher, Haimanot Guebre Yamuah, Lawrence Boukary, Rahamatou Moustapha Collard, Jean-Marc Dano, Ibrahim Dan Habiboulaye, Ibrahim Issaka, Bassira Jusot, Jean-Francois Ousmane, Sani Rabe, Issoufa Daugla, Doumagoum Moto Gami, Jean Pierre Gamougam, Kadidja Mbainadji, Lodoum Naibei, Nathan Narbe, Maxime Toralta, Jacques Berthe, Abdoulaye Diallo, Kanny Keita, Mahamadou Coulibaly, Adama Onwuchekwa, Uma Sow, Samba O. Tamboura, Boubou Traore, Awa Toure, Aliou Clark, Tom Mayer, Leonard Amodu, Mary Beida, Omeiza Gadzama, Galadima Omotara, Babatunji Zailani, Sambo Yahya, Shuaibu Chandramohan, Daniel Greenwood, Brian M. Hassan-King, Musa Manigart, Olivier Nascimento, Maria Stuart, James M. Woukeu, Arouna Basta, Nicole E. Bai, Xilian Borrow, Ray Findlow, Helen Alavo, Serge Bassene, Hubert Diallo, Aldiouma Dieng, Marietou Doucoure, Souleymane Gomis, Jules Francois Ndiaye, Assane Sokhna, Cheikh Trape, Jean Francois Bugri, Akalifa Forgor, Abudulai Hodgson, Abraham Osei, Isaac Quaye, Stephen L. Williams, John Wontuo, Peter Irving, Thomas Trotter, Caroline L. Karachaliou, Andromachi Bennett, Julia Hill, Dorothea Harrison, Odile Maiden, Martin C. Rebbetts, Lisa Watkins, Eleanor CA MenAfriCar Consortium TI Household transmission of Neisseria meningitidis in the African meningitis belt: a longitudinal cohort study SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MENINGOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; PHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; BURKINA-FASO; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; SEROGROUP; LACTAMICA; POPULATION; MENAFRIVAC; COMMUNITY AB Background Information on transmission of meningococcal infection in the African meningitis belt is scarce. We aimed to describe transmission patterns of Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) in households in the African meningitis belt. Methods Cross-sectional carriage surveys were done in seven African meningitis belt countries (Chad, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal) between Aug 1, 2010, and Oct 15, 2012. Meningococcal carriers identified in these surveys and all available people in their households were recruited into this longitudinal cohort study. We took pharyngeal swabs at first visit and took further swabs twice a month for 2 months and then monthly for a further 4 months. We used conventional bacteriological and molecular techniques to identify and characterise meningococci. We estimated the rates of carriage acquisition and recovery using a multi-state Markov model. Findings Meningococci were isolated from 241 (25%) of 980 members of 133 households in which a carrier had been identified in the cross-sectional survey or at the first household visit. Carriage was detected subsequently in another household member who was not an index carrier in 75 households. Transmission within a household, suggested by detection of a further carrier with the same strain as the index carrier, was found in 52 of these 75 households. Children younger than 5 years were the group that most frequently acquired carriage from other household members. The overall individual acquisition rate was 2.4% (95% CI 1.6-4.0) per month, varying by age and household carriage status. The mean duration of carriage was 3.4 months (95% CI 2.7-4.4). Interpretation In the African meningitis belt, transmission of meningococci within households is important, particularly for young children, and periods of carriage are usually of short duration. C1 [Ali, Oumer; Aseffa, Abraham; Omer, Ahmed Bedru; Lema, Tsehaynesh; Demissie, Tesfaye Moti; Tekletsion, Yenenesh; Worku, Alemayehu; Xabher, Haimanot Guebre; Yamuah, Lawrence] Hansen Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Boukary, Rahamatou Moustapha; Collard, Jean-Marc; Dano, Ibrahim Dan; Habiboulaye, Ibrahim; Issaka, Bassira; Jusot, Jean-Francois; Ousmane, Sani; Rabe, Issoufa] Ctr Rech Med & Sanitaire CERMES, Niamey, Niger. [Daugla, Doumagoum Moto; Gami, Jean Pierre; Gamougam, Kadidja; Mbainadji, Lodoum; Naibei, Nathan; Narbe, Maxime; Toralta, Jacques] CSSI, Ndjamena, Chad. [Berthe, Abdoulaye; Diallo, Kanny; Keita, Mahamadou; Coulibaly, Adama; Onwuchekwa, Uma; Sow, Samba O.; Tamboura, Boubou; Traore, Awa; Toure, Aliou] Ctr Vaccins Dev, Bamako, Mali. [Clark, Tom; Mayer, Leonard] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Amodu, Mary; Beida, Omeiza; Gadzama, Galadima; Omotara, Babatunji; Zailani, Sambo; Yahya, Shuaibu] Univ Maiduguri, Dept Community Med, Maiduguri, Nigeria. [Chandramohan, Daniel; Greenwood, Brian M.; Hassan-King, Musa; Manigart, Olivier; Nascimento, Maria; Stuart, James M.; Woukeu, Arouna] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect Dis, London, England. [Basta, Nicole E.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Bai, Xilian; Borrow, Ray; Findlow, Helen] Publ Hlth England Vaccine Evaluat Unit, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Alavo, Serge; Bassene, Hubert; Diallo, Aldiouma; Dieng, Marietou; Doucoure, Souleymane; Gomis, Jules Francois; Ndiaye, Assane; Sokhna, Cheikh; Trape, Jean Francois] Inst Rech Dev, Dakar, Senegal. [Bugri, Akalifa; Forgor, Abudulai; Hodgson, Abraham; Osei, Isaac; Quaye, Stephen L.; Williams, John; Wontuo, Peter] Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr, Navrongo, Ghana. [Irving, Thomas] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Trotter, Caroline L.; Karachaliou, Andromachi] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Bennett, Julia; Hill, Dorothea; Harrison, Odile; Maiden, Martin C.; Rebbetts, Lisa; Watkins, Eleanor] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Trotter, CL (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. EM clt56@cam.ac.uk RI Zailani, Suhaiza/A-2968-2013 OI Zailani, Suhaiza/0000-0002-8484-1821 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Wellcome Trust FX Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 4 IS 12 BP E989 EP E995 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ2FV UT WOS:000393026400032 ER PT J AU Brooks, WA Zaman, K Lewis, KDC Ortiz, JR Goswami, D Feser, J Sharmeen, AT Nahar, K Rahman, M Rahman, MZ Barin, B Yunus, M Fry, AM Bresee, J Azim, T Neuzil, KM AF Brooks, W. Abdullah Zaman, K. Lewis, Kristen D. C. Ortiz, Justin R. Goswami, Doli Feser, Jodi Sharmeen, Amina Tahia Nahar, Kamrun Rahman, Mustafizur Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur Barin, Burc Yunus, Muhammad Fry, Alicia M. Bresee, Joseph Azim, Tasnim Neuzil, Kathleen M. TI Efficacy of a Russian-backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine among young children in Bangladesh: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID URBAN BANGLADESH; SAFETY; INFECTION; TRIVALENT; INFANTS; BURDEN AB Background The rates of influenza illness and associated complications are high among children in Bangladesh. We assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of a Russian-backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) at two field sites in Bangladesh. Methods Between Feb 27 and April 9, 2013, children aged 2-4 years in urban Kamalapur and rural Matlab, Bangladesh, were randomly assigned in a 2: 1 ratio, according to a computer-generated schedule, to receive one intranasal dose of LAIV or placebo. After vaccination, we monitored children in weekly home visits until Dec 31, 2013, with study clinic surveillance for influenza illness. The primary outcome was symptomatic, laboratory-confirmed influenza illness due to vaccine-matched strains. Analysis was per protocol. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01797029. Findings Of 1761 children enrolled, 1174 received LAIV and 587 received placebo. Laboratory-confirmed influenza illness due to vaccine-matched strains was seen in 93 (15.8%) children in the placebo group and 79 (6.7%) in the LAIV group. Vaccine efficacy of LAIV for vaccine-matched strains was 57.5% (95% CI 43.6-68.0). The vaccine was well tolerated, and adverse events were balanced between the groups. The most frequent adverse events were tachypnoea (n=86 in the LAIV group and n=54 in the placebo group), cough (n=73 and n=43), and runny nose (n=68 and n=39), most of which were mild. Interpretation This single-dose Russian-backbone LAIV was safe and efficacious at preventing symptomatic laboratory-confirmed influenza illness due to vaccine-matched strains. LAIV programmes might reduce the burden of influenza illness in Bangladesh. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brooks, W. Abdullah; Zaman, K.; Goswami, Doli; Sharmeen, Amina Tahia; Nahar, Kamrun; Rahman, Mustafizur; Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur; Yunus, Muhammad; Azim, Tasnim] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Brooks, W. Abdullah] Johns Hopkins Univ, Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lewis, Kristen D. C.; Ortiz, Justin R.; Feser, Jodi] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [Ortiz, Justin R.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ortiz, Justin R.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Barin, Burc] EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Fry, Alicia M.; Bresee, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Neuzil, KM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM kneuzil@medicine.umaryland.edu FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 4 IS 12 BP E946 EP E954 DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30200-5 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ2FV UT WOS:000393026400028 PM 27746226 ER PT J AU Meyer, SA Kristiansen, PA AF Meyer, Sarah A. Kristiansen, Paul A. TI Household transmission of Neisseria meningitidis in the meningitis belt SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID MENINGOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; PSA-TT; SEROGROUP; CARRIAGE C1 [Meyer, Sarah A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Kristiansen, Paul A.] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. RP Meyer, SA (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM smeyer@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 4 IS 12 BP E885 EP E886 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ2FV UT WOS:000393026400008 PM 27855859 ER PT J AU Victor, JC Lewis, KDC Diallo, A Niang, MN Diarra, B Dia, N Ortiz, JR Widdowson, MA Feser, J Hoagland, R Emery, SL Lafond, KE Neuzil, KM AF Victor, John C. Lewis, Kristen D. C. Diallo, Aldiouma Niang, Mbayame N. Diarra, Bou Dia, Ndongo Ortiz, Justin R. Widdowson, Marc-Alain Feser, Jodi Hoagland, Rebecca Emery, Shannon L. Lafond, Kathryn E. Neuzil, Kathleen M. TI Efficacy of a Russian-backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine among children in Senegal: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CULTURE-CONFIRMED INFLUENZA; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; VIRUS-VACCINE; TRIVALENT; SAFETY; PROTECTION; RESPONSES; PROJECT AB Background Live attenuated influenza vaccines have been shown to significantly reduce influenza in diverse populations of children, but no efficacy studies have been done in resource-poor tropical settings. In Senegal, we assessed the efficacy and safety of a live attenuated influenza vaccine based on Russian-derived master donor viruses and licensed as a single dose. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, single-centre trial done near Niakhar, Senegal, generally healthy children aged 2-5 years were randomly allocated (2:1) to receive a single intranasal dose of masked trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine or placebo. The allocation sequence was computer-generated by PATH with block sizes of three. The manufacturer provided vaccine and placebo in coded vials to preserve blinding. Participants were monitored through the predictable influenza season in Senegal for adverse events and signs and symptoms of influenza using weekly home visits and surveillance in clinics. The primary outcome was symptomatic laboratory-confirmed influenza caused by any strain and occurring from 15 days post-vaccination to the end of the study. The primary analysis was per protocol. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01854632. Findings Between May 23, and July 1, 2013, 1761 children were randomly assigned, 1174 to receive live attenuated influenza vaccine and 587 to receive placebo. The per-protocol set included 1173 vaccinees and 584 placebo recipients followed up to Dec 20, 2013. Symptomatic influenza was laboratory-confirmed in 210 (18%) of 1173 recipients of live attenuated influenza vaccine and 105 (18%) of placebo recipients, giving a vaccine efficacy of 0.0% (95% CI -26.4 to 20.9). Adverse events were balanced between the study groups. Two girls who had received live attenuated influenza vaccine died, one due to anasarca 12 days postvaccination and one due to malnutrition 70 days postvaccination. Interpretation Live attenuated influenza vaccine was well tolerated in young children in Senegal, but did not provide protection against influenza. Further study in such populations, which might experience extended periods of influenza circulation, is warranted. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license. C1 [Victor, John C.; Lewis, Kristen D. C.; Ortiz, Justin R.; Feser, Jodi] PATH, POB 900922, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Diallo, Aldiouma; Diarra, Bou] Inst Rech Dev, Mixed Res Unit 198, Dakar, Senegal. [Niang, Mbayame N.; Dia, Ndongo] Inst Pasteur, Senegal Natl Influenza Ctr, Dakar, Senegal. [Ortiz, Justin R.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ortiz, Justin R.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Widdowson, Marc-Alain; Emery, Shannon L.; Lafond, Kathryn E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hoagland, Rebecca] Enterprises Inc, Mclouth, KS USA. [Neuzil, Kathleen M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Victor, JC (reprint author), PATH, POB 900922, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM cvictor@path.org OI Victor, John/0000-0002-7970-6588 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 4 IS 12 BP E955 EP E965 DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30201-7 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ2FV UT WOS:000393026400029 PM 27746224 ER PT J AU Connelly, M Bruce, MG Bulkow, L Snowball, M McMahon, BJ AF Connelly, Marc Bruce, Michael G. Bulkow, Lisa Snowball, Mary McMahon, Brian J. TI The changing epidemiology and aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma from 1969 through 2013 in Alaska Native people SO LIVER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Alaska Native people; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; hepatocellular carcinoma; viral hepatitis ID CHRONIC HEPATITIS-B; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; VIRUS; INFECTION; ELIMINATION; SOFOSBUVIR AB Background & Aims: Alaska Native people have an increased rate of hepatocellular carcinoma compared to the United States population. Viral hepatitis is a risk factor for malignancy and the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in Alaska. With the introduction of hepatitis B immunization in 1982, as well as the emergence of hepatitis C virus in this population, the epidemiology and aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Alaska have changed. Methods: Using the Alaska Native Tumor Registry, all cases of viral and non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma occurring from 1969 through 2013 were identified and reviewed. Incidence rates per 100 000 population were calculated for hepatocellular carcinoma overall and by aetiological category. Results: One hundred and fifty-two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma were identified in 148 Alaska Native persons. Overall tumour rate was 3.82 per 100 000 and did not change significantly over the study period. Hepatitis B-associated cases decreased significantly over the study period (P = 0.048) and were eliminated in persons under the age of 20. Hepatitis C-associated cases increased significantly (P < 0.001). Undetermined hepatocellular carcinoma rates also decreased (P = 0.034). Conclusions: Overall hepatocellular carcinoma rates in Alaska Native people remained stable over the study period, but the epidemiology and aetiology are changing. Two decades after routine hepatitis B immunization, the hepatocellular carcinoma age distribution has shifted to cases presenting later in life. This is consistent with an ageing hepatitis B-infected population with no new infected young persons' coming into the population, as well as the emergence of hepatitis C in adults. C1 [Connelly, Marc] Alaska Native Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Anchorage, AK USA. [Bruce, Michael G.; Bulkow, Lisa; McMahon, Brian J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Emerging Zoonot & Infect Dis, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. [Snowball, Mary; McMahon, Brian J.] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Div Community Hlth Serv, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Bruce, MG (reprint author), Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM zwa8@CDC.gov FU CDC [1U01PS001097, 1U01PS004113] FX CDC #1U01PS001097, 1U01PS004113. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1478-3223 EI 1478-3231 J9 LIVER INT JI Liver Int. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1829 EP 1835 DI 10.1111/liv.13173 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA EJ3HS UT WOS:000393103800015 PM 27224493 ER PT J AU Perez, F Ravasi, G Figueroa, JP Grinsztejn, B Kamb, M Sued, O Ghidinelli, M AF Perez, Freddy Ravasi, Giovanni Figueroa, J. Peter Grinsztejn, Beatriz Kamb, Mary Sued, Omar Ghidinelli, Massimo TI HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment in the Region of the Americas: achievements, challenges and perspectives SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Perez, Freddy; Ravasi, Giovanni; Ghidinelli, Massimo] Pan Amer Hlth Org, HIV Hepatitis TB & STI Unit, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Figueroa, J. Peter] Univ West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. [Grinsztejn, Beatriz] Fiocruz MS, Inst Nacl Infectol Evandro Chagas, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Kamb, Mary] Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sued, Omar] Fdn Huesped, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Perez, F (reprint author), Pan Amer Hlth Org, HIV Hepatitis TB & STI Unit, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM perezf@paho.org NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD DEC PY 2016 VL 40 IS 6 BP 398 EP 400 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ4VI UT WOS:000393214700002 ER PT J AU Shrestha, RK Sansom, SL Purcell, DW AF Shrestha, Ram K. Sansom, Stephanie L. Purcell, David W. TI Assessing HIV acquisition risks among men who have sex with men in the United States of America SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HIV; HIV infections; prevention & control; pre-exposure prophylaxis; condoms; unsafe sex; risk reduction behavior; United States ID PREVENTION AB Men who have sex with men (MSM) can reduce their risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by using various prevention strategies and by understanding the effectiveness of each option over the short-and long-term. Strategies examined were: circumcision; insertive anal sex only; consistent, 100% self-reported condom use; and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PrEP efficacy was based on three levels of adherence. The cumulative HIV acquisition risk among MSM over periods of 1 year and 10 years were estimated with and without single and combinations of prevention strategies. A Bernoulli process model was used to estimate risk. In the base case with no prevention strategies, the 1-year risk of HIV acquisition among MSM was 8.8%. In contrast, the 1-year risk associated with circumcision alone was 6.9%; with insertive sex only, 5.5%; with 100% self-reported condom use, 2.7%; and with average, high, and very high PrEP adherence, 5.1%, 2.5%, and 0.7%, respectively. The 10-year risk of HIV acquisition among MSM with no prevention strategy was 60.3%. In contrast, that associated with circumcision alone was 51.1%; with insertive sex only, 43.1%; with 100% self-reported condom use, 24.0%; and with average, high, and very high PrEP adherence, 40.5%, 22.2%, and 7.2%, respectively. While MSM face substantial risk of HIV, there are now a number of prevention strategies that reduce risk. Very high adherence to PrEP alone or with other strategies appears to be the most powerful tool for HIV prevention. C1 [Shrestha, Ram K.; Sansom, Stephanie L.; Purcell, David W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shrestha, RK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rshrestha@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD DEC PY 2016 VL 40 IS 6 BP 474 EP 478 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ4VI UT WOS:000393214700013 ER PT J AU Andes, DR Safdar, N Baddley, JW Alexander, B Brumble, L Freifeld, A Hadley, S Herwaldt, L Kauffman, C Lyon, GM Morrison, V Patterson, T Perl, T Walker, R Hess, T Chiller, T Pappas, PG AF Andes, David R. Safdar, Nasia Baddley, John W. Alexander, Barbara Brumble, Lisa Freifeld, Allison Hadley, Susan Herwaldt, Loreen Kauffman, Carol Lyon, G. Marshall Morrison, Vicki Patterson, Thomas Perl, Trish Walker, Randall Hess, Tim Chiller, Tom Pappas, Peter G. CA TRANSNET Investigators TI The epidemiology and outcomes of invasive Candida infections among organ transplant recipients in the United States: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) SO TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Candida; solid organ transplant ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; SOLID-ORGAN; LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; FLUCONAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION; DOUBLE-BLIND; MORTALITY AB Background: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a common cause of mortality in solid organ transplant recipients (OTRs), but knowledge of epidemiology in this population is limited. Method: The present analysis describes data from 15 US centers that prospectively identified IC from nearly 17 000 OTRs. Analyses were undertaken to determine predictors of infection and mortality. Results: A total of 639 cases of IC were identified. The most common species was Candida albicans (46.3%), followed by Candida glabrata (24.4%) and Candida parapsilosis (8.1%). In 68 cases >1 species was identified. The most common infection site was bloodstream (44%), followed by intra-abdominal (14%). The most frequently affected allograft groups were liver (41.1%) and kidney (35.3%). All-cause mortality at 90 days was 26.5% for all species and was highest for Candida tropicalis (44%) and C. parapsilosis (35.2%). Non-white race and female gender were more commonly associated with non-albicans species. A high rate of breakthrough IC was seen in patients receiving antifungal prophylaxis (39%). Factors associated with mortality include organ dysfunction, lung transplant, and treatment with a polyene antifungal. The only modifiable factor identified was choice of antifungal drug class based upon infecting Candida species. Conclusion: These data highlight the common and distinct features of IC in OTRs. C1 [Andes, David R.; Safdar, Nasia; Hess, Tim] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med & Microbiol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baddley, John W.; Pappas, Peter G.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Alexander, Barbara] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Brumble, Lisa; Walker, Randall] Mayo Clin, Dept Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Freifeld, Allison] Univ Nebraska, Dept Med, Lincoln, NE USA. [Hadley, Susan] Tufts Univ, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Herwaldt, Loreen] Univ Iowa, Dept Med, Sch Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kauffman, Carol] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Lyon, G. Marshall] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Morrison, Vicki] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Patterson, Thomas] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Perl, Trish] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Chiller, Tom] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Andes, DR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med & Microbiol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dra@medicine.wisc.edu NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1398-2273 EI 1399-3062 J9 TRANSPL INFECT DIS JI Transpl. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 18 IS 6 BP 921 EP 931 DI 10.1111/tid.12613 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Transplantation SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Transplantation GA EJ4QU UT WOS:000393202700013 PM 27643395 ER PT J AU Peng, H Blake, TA Johnson, RC Dafferner, AJ Brimijoin, S Lockridge, O AF Peng, Hong Blake, Thomas A. Johnson, Rudolph C. Dafferner, Alicia J. Brimijoin, Stephen Lockridge, Oksana TI Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize Various Folding States of Pure Human Butyrylcholinesterase Can Immunopurify Butyrylcholinesterase from Human Plasma Stored at Elevated Temperatures SO ACS Omega LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SERUM BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NERVE AGENTS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RICH PEPTIDES; TETRAMERS; EXPOSURE; ADDUCTS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AB Human plasma to be analyzed for exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors is stored at 4 degrees C or lower to prevent denaturation of human butyrylcholinesterase (HuBChE), the biomarker of exposure. Currently published protocols immunopurify HuBChE using antibodies that bind native HuBChE before analysis by mass spectrometry. It is anticipated that the plasma collected from human casualties may be stored nonideally at elevated temperatures of up to 45 degrees C for days or maybe weeks. At 45 degrees C, the plasma loses 50% of its HuBChE activity in 8 days and 95% in 40 days. Our goal was to identify a set of monoclonal antibodies that could be used to immunopurify HuBChE from plasma stored at 45 degrees C. The folding states of pure human HuBChE stored at 4 and 45 degrees C and boiled at 100 degrees C were visualized on nondenaturing gels stained with Coomassie blue. Fully active pure HuBChE tetramers had a single band, but pure HuBChE stored at 45 degrees C had four bands, representing native, partly unfolded, aggregated, and completely denatured, boiled tetramers. The previously described monoclonal B2 18-5 captured native, partly unfolded, and aggregated HuBChE tetramers, whereas a new monoclonal, C191 developed in our laboratory, was found to selectively capture completely denatured, boiled HuBChE. The highest quantity of HuBChE protein was extracted from 45 degrees C heat-denatured human plasma when HuBChE was immunopurified with a combination of monoclonals B2 18-5 and C191. Using a mixture of these two antibodies in future emergency response assays may increase the capability to confirm exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors. C1 [Peng, Hong; Dafferner, Alicia J.; Lockridge, Oksana] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Eppley Inst, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Blake, Thomas A.; Johnson, Rudolph C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F44, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Brimijoin, Stephen] Mayo Clin, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Lockridge, O (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Eppley Inst, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM olockrid@unmc.edu OI Blake, Thomas/0000-0001-8536-9998; Lockridge, Oksana/0000-0002-8345-3640 FU DLS/NCEH/CDC [200-2015-87939]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, and Defense Threat Reduction Agency [11-005-12430]; National Institute on Drug Abuse [D1DA31340, DA023979]; National Institute of General Medicine Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [P20GM103480] FX Supported by DLS/NCEH/CDC contract 200-2015-87939 (to OL). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, and Defense Threat Reduction Agency 11-005-12430 (to TAB and RCJ). National Institute on Drug Abuse D1DA31340 and DA023979 (to SB). National Institute of General Medicine Sciences of the National Institutes of Health P20GM103480 (to Tatiana Bronich). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2470-1343 J9 ACS OMEGA JI ACS Omega PD DEC PY 2016 VL 1 IS 6 BP 1182 EP 1191 DI 10.1021/acsomega.6b00311 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EI7YQ UT WOS:000392721200013 PM 28058292 ER PT J AU Wei, BN McGuffey, JE Blount, BC Wang, LQ AF Wei, Binnian McGuffey, James E. Blount, Benjamin C. Wang, Lanqing TI Sensitive Quantification of Cannabinoids in Milk by Alkaline Saponification-Solid Phase Extraction Combined with Isotope Dilution UPLC-MS/MS SO ACS Omega LA English DT Article ID MARIJUANA USE; LACTATION AB Maternal exposure to marijuana during the lactation period-either active or passive-has prompted concerns about transmission of cannabinoids to breastfed infants and possible subsequent adverse health consequences. Assessing these health risks requires a sensitive analytical approach that is able to quantitatively measure trace-level cannabinoids in breast milk. Here, we describe a saponification-solid phase extraction approach combined with ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneously quantifying Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN) in breast milk. We demonstrate for the first time that constraints on sensitivity can be overcome by utilizing alkaline saponification of the milk samples. After extensively optimizing the saponification procedure, the validated method exhibited limits of detections of 13, 4, and 66 pg/mL for THC, CBN, and CBD, respectively. Notably, the sensitivity achieved was significantly improved, for instance, the limits of detection for THC is at least 100-fold more sensitive compared to that previously reported in the literature. This is essential for monitoring cannabinoids in breast milk resulting from passive or nonrecent active maternal exposure. Furthermore, we simultaneously acquired multiple reaction monitoring transitions for C-12- and C-13-analyte isotopes. This combined analysis largely facilitated data acquisition by reducing the repetitive analysis rate for samples exceeding the linear limits of C-12-analytes. In addition to high sensitivity and broad quantitation range, this method delivers excellent accuracy (relative error within +/- 10%), precision (relative standard deviation < 10%), and efficient analysis. In future studies, we expect this method to play a critical role in assessing infant exposure to cannabinoids through breastfeeding. C1 [Wei, Binnian; McGuffey, James E.; Blount, Benjamin C.; Wang, Lanqing] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tobacco & Volatiles Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wei, BN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tobacco & Volatiles Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bwei@cdc.gov OI Wei, Binnian/0000-0003-0465-9964 FU U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This work was funded by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We thank Nancy Maddox for her valuable comments. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2470-1343 J9 ACS OMEGA JI ACS Omega PD DEC PY 2016 VL 1 IS 6 BP 1307 EP 1313 DI 10.1021/acsomega.6b00253 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EI7YQ UT WOS:000392721200026 ER PT J AU Baxter, R Lewis, E Goddard, K Fireman, B Bakshi, N DeStefano, F Gee, J Tseng, HF Naleway, AL Klein, NP AF Baxter, Roger Lewis, Edwin Goddard, Kristin Fireman, Bruce Bakshi, Nandini DeStefano, Frank Gee, Julianne Tseng, Hung Fu Naleway, Allison L. Klein, Nicola P. TI Acute Demyelinating Events Following Vaccines: A Case-Centered Analysis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE vaccine; immunization; transverse myelitis; acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ID INFLUENZA VACCINATION; TRANSVERSE MYELITIS; OPTIC NEURITIS; HEPATITIS-B; RISK; IMMUNIZATION; DISEASES; AUTOIMMUNITY; CHILDHOOD; ADULTS AB Background. Case reports have suggested that vaccines may trigger transverse myelitis (TM) or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), but the evidence for a causal association is inconclusive. We analyzed the association of immunization and subsequent development of TM or ADEM. Methods. We identified all cases of TM and ADEM in the Vaccine Safety Datalink population. Using a case-centered method, we compared vaccination of each case to vaccination of all matched persons in the study population, who received the same type of vaccine, with respect to whether or not their vaccination occurred during a predetermined exposure interval. We calculated a risk difference (excess risk) of TM and ADEM for each vaccine. Results. Following nearly 64 million vaccine doses, only 7 cases of TM and 8 cases of ADEM were vaccinated during the primary exposure window 5-28 days prior to onset. For TM, there was no statistically significant increased risk of immunization. For ADEM, there was no statistically significant increased risk following any vaccine except for Tdap (adolescent and adult tetanus, reduced diphtheria, acellular pertussis) vaccine. Based on 2 exposed cases, the odds ratio for Tdap exposure 5-28 days prior to ADEM onset was 15.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-471.6; P = .04), and the estimated excess risk was 0.385 (95% CI, -.04 to 1.16) cases per million doses. Conclusions. We found no association between TM and prior immunization. There was a possible association of ADEM with Tdap vaccine, but the excess risk is not likely to be more than 1.16 cases of ADEM per million vaccines administered. C1 [Baxter, Roger; Lewis, Edwin; Goddard, Kristin; Fireman, Bruce; Klein, Nicola P.] Northern Calif Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ct, Oakland, CA USA. [Bakshi, Nandini] Permanente Med Grp Inc, Antioch, CA USA. [DeStefano, Frank; Gee, Julianne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tseng, Hung Fu] Kaiser Permanente Southern Calif, Dept Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Naleway, Allison L.] Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. RP Baxter, R (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, 1 Kaiser Plaza,16th Flr, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM roger.baxter@kp.org FU CDC [200-2012-53581/0006] FX This work was supported by a task order from the CDC (contract number 200-2012-53581/0006). NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1456 EP 1462 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw607 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EI7WA UT WOS:000392713900009 PM 27585798 ER PT J AU Angelo, KM Jackson, KA Wong, KK Hoekstra, RM Jackson, BR AF Angelo, Kristina M. Jackson, Kelly A. Wong, Karen K. Hoekstra, Robert M. Jackson, Brendan R. TI Assessment of the Incubation Period for Invasive Listeriosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Listeria; incubation period; listeriosis ID OUTBREAK AB We characterized incubation periods among outbreak-associated listeriosis cases, using a simulation model to account for patients with multiple exposure dates. The median was 11 days; 90% of cases occurred within 28 days, and incubation periods varied by clinical manifestation. C1 [Angelo, Kristina M.; Jackson, Kelly A.; Wong, Karen K.; Hoekstra, Robert M.; Jackson, Brendan R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Angelo, KM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM kangelo@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1487 EP 1489 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw569 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EI7WA UT WOS:000392713900016 PM 27535950 ER PT J AU Thompson-Paul, AM Lichtenstein, KA Armon, C Palella, FJ Skarbinski, J Chmiel, JS Hart, R Wei, SC Loustalot, F Brooks, JT Buchacz, K AF Thompson-Paul, Angela M. Lichtenstein, Kenneth A. Armon, Carl Palella, Frank J., Jr. Skarbinski, Jacek Chmiel, Joan S. Hart, Rachel Wei, Stanley C. Loustalot, Fleetwood Brooks, John T. Buchacz, Kate TI Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction in the HIV Outpatient Study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; risk prediction; HIV ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; LIPID-LOWERING THERAPY; INFECTED PATIENTS; DATA-COLLECTION; FRAMINGHAM; MODELS; COHORT; SCORE; VALIDATION AB Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction tools are often applied to populations beyond those in which they were designed when validated tools for specific subpopulations are unavailable. Methods. Using data from 2283 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults aged >= 18 years, who were active in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS), we assessed performance of 3 commonly used CVD prediction models developed for general populations: Framingham general cardiovascular Risk Score (FRS), American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort equations (PCEs), and Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) high-risk equation, and 1 model developed in HIV-infected persons: the Data Collection on Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study equation. C-statistics assessed model discrimination and the ratio of expected to observed events (E/O) and Hosmer-Lemeshow chi(2) P value assessed calibration. Results. From January 2002 through September 2013, 195 (8.5%) HOPS participants experienced an incident CVD event in 15 056 person-years. The FRS demonstrated moderate discrimination and was well calibrated (C-statistic: 0.66, E/O: 1.01, P = .89). The PCE and D: A: D risk equations demonstrated good discrimination but were less well calibrated (C-statistics: 0.71 and 0.72 and E/O: 0.88 and 0.80, respectively; P < .001 for both), whereas SCORE performed poorly (C-statistic: 0.59, E/O: 1.72; P = .48). Conclusions. Only the FRS accurately estimated risk of CVD events, while PCE and D: A: D underestimated risk. Although these models could potentially be used to rank US HIV-infected individuals at higher or lower risk for CVD, the models may fail to identify substantial numbers of HIV-infected persons with elevated CVD risk who could potentially benefit from additional medical treatment. C1 [Thompson-Paul, Angela M.; Skarbinski, Jacek; Wei, Stanley C.; Brooks, John T.; Buchacz, Kate] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thompson-Paul, Angela M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Loustalot, Fleetwood] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lichtenstein, Kenneth A.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Armon, Carl; Hart, Rachel] Cerner Corp, Kansas City, MO USA. [Palella, Frank J., Jr.; Chmiel, Joan S.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Thompson-Paul, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4700 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-77, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eup4@cdc.gov FU CDC [200-2001-00133, 200-2006-18797, 200-2011-41872] FX This work was supported by the CDC (contract numbers 200-2001-00133, 200-2006-18797, and 200-2011-41872). NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1508 EP 1516 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw615 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EI7WA UT WOS:000392713900021 PM 27613562 ER PT J AU Barger-Kamate, B Knoll, MD Kagucia, EW Prosperi, C Baggett, HC Brooks, WA Feikin, DR Hammitt, LL Howie, SRC Levine, OS Madhi, SA Scott, JAG Thea, DM Amornintapichet, T Anderson, TP Awori, JO Baillie, VL Chipeta, J DeLuca, AN Driscoll, AJ Goswami, D Higdon, MM Hossain, L Karron, RA Maloney, S Moore, DP Morpeth, SC Mwananyanda, L Ofordile, O Olutunde, E Park, DE Sow, SO Tapia, MD Murdoch, DR O'Brien, KL Kotloff, KL AF Barger-Kamate, Breanna Knoll, Maria Deloria Kagucia, E. Wangeci Prosperi, Christine Baggett, Henry C. Brooks, W. Abdullah Feikin, Daniel R. Hammitt, Laura L. Howie, Stephen R. C. Levine, Orin S. Madhi, Shabir A. Scott, J. Anthony G. Thea, Donald M. Amornintapichet, Tussanee Anderson, Trevor P. Awori, Juliet O. Baillie, Vicky L. Chipeta, James DeLuca, Andrea N. Driscoll, Amanda J. Goswami, Doli Higdon, Melissa M. Hossain, Lokman Karron, Ruth A. Maloney, Susan Moore, David P. Morpeth, Susan C. Mwananyanda, Lawrence Ofordile, Ogochukwu Olutunde, Emmanuel Park, Daniel E. Sow, Samba O. Tapia, Milagritos D. Murdoch, David R. O'Brien, Katherine L. Kotloff, Karen L. CA Pneumonia Etiology Res Child TI Pertussis-Associated Pneumonia in Infants and Children From Low- and Middle-Income Countries Participating in the PERCH Study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE pertussis; infant; pneumonia; whooping cough; vaccination ID BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; ETIOLOGY RESEARCH; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; HEALTH PROJECT; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; MORTALITY; DIAGNOSIS; COLLECTION AB Background. Few data exist describing pertussis epidemiology among infants and children in low-and middle-income countries to guide preventive strategies. Methods. Children 1-59 months of age hospitalized with World Health Organization-defined severe or very severe pneumonia in 7 African and Asian countries and similarly aged community controls were enrolled in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study. They underwent a standardized clinical evaluation and provided nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and induced sputum (cases only) for Bordetella pertussis polymerase chain reaction. Risk factors and pertussis-associated clinical findings were identified. Results. Bordetella pertussis was detected in 53 of 4200 (1.3%) cases and 11 of 5196 (0.2%) controls. In the age stratum 1-5 months, 40 (2.3% of 1721) cases were positive, all from African sites, as were 8 (0.5% of 1617) controls. Pertussis-positive African cases 1-5 months old, compared to controls, were more often human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uninfected-exposed (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.2), unvaccinated (aOR, 3.7), underweight (aOR, 6.3), and too young to be immunized (aOR, 16.1) (all P <= .05). Compared with pertussis-negative African cases in this age group, pertussis-positive cases were younger, more likely to vomit (aOR, 2.6), to cough >= 14 days (aOR, 6.3), to have leukocyte counts >20 000 cells/mu L (aOR, 4.6), and to have lymphocyte counts >10 000 cells/mu L (aOR, 7.2) (all P <= .05). The case fatality ratio of pertussis-infected pneumonia cases 1-5 months of age was 12.5% (95% confidence interval, 4.2%-26.8%; 5/40); pertussis was identified in 3.7% of 137 in-hospital deaths among African cases in this age group. Conclusions. In the postneonatal period, pertussis causes a small fraction of hospitalized pneumonia cases and deaths; however, case fatality is substantial. The propensity to infect unvaccinated infants and those at risk for insufficient immunity (too young to be vaccinated, premature, HIV-infected/exposed) suggests that the role for maternal vaccination should be considered along with efforts to reduce exposure to risk factors and to optimize childhood pertussis vaccination coverage. C1 [Barger-Kamate, Breanna] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Emergency Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Barger-Kamate, Breanna] Spokane Emergency Phys, Washington, DC USA. [Knoll, Maria Deloria; Kagucia, E. Wangeci; Prosperi, Christine; Feikin, Daniel R.; Hammitt, Laura L.; Levine, Orin S.; DeLuca, Andrea N.; Driscoll, Amanda J.; Higdon, Melissa M.; Park, Daniel E.; O'Brien, Katherine L.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Int Vaccine Access Ctr, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Baggett, Henry C.] Thailand Minist Publ Health US Ctr Dis Control &, Global Dis Detect Ctr, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Baggett, Henry C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Hlth Protect, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brooks, W. Abdullah] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Brooks, W. Abdullah] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Brooks, W. Abdullah; Goswami, Doli; Hossain, Lokman] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Matlab, Bangladesh. [Feikin, Daniel R.; Ofordile, Ogochukwu; Olutunde, Emmanuel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hammitt, Laura L.; Scott, J. Anthony G.; Awori, Juliet O.; Morpeth, Susan C.] Kenya Med Res Inst Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Kilifi, Kenya. [Howie, Stephen R. C.] MRC Unit, Basse, Gambia. [Howie, Stephen R. C.] Univ Auckland, Dept Paediat, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Howie, Stephen R. C.] Univ Otago, Ctr Int Hlth, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Levine, Orin S.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Madhi, Shabir A.; Baillie, Vicky L.; Moore, David P.] Univ Witwatersrand, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, Med Res Council, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Madhi, Shabir A.; Baillie, Vicky L.; Moore, David P.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Sci & Technol, Natl Res Fdn, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Scott, J. Anthony G.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. [Thea, Donald M.; Mwananyanda, Lawrence] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Amornintapichet, Tussanee] Thailand Minist Hlth, Sa Kaeo Prov Hosp, Sa Kaeo, Thailand. [Anderson, Trevor P.; Murdoch, David R.] Canterbury Hlth Labs, Microbiol Unit, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Chipeta, James] Univ Zambia, Sch Med, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. [Chipeta, James; Mwananyanda, Lawrence] Univ Teaching Hosp, Lusaka, Zambia. [DeLuca, Andrea N.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Karron, Ruth A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Maloney, Susan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV & TB, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Morpeth, Susan C.] Counties Manukau Dist Hlth Board, Middlemore Hosp, Microbiol Lab, Auckland, New Zealand. [Park, Daniel E.] George Washington Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Milken Inst Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Sow, Samba O.] Ctr Dev Vaccins, Bamako, Mali. [Tapia, Milagritos D.; Kotloff, Karen L.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Global Hlth, Div Infect Dis & Trop Pediat,Dept Pediat Ctr Vacc, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Murdoch, David R.] Univ Otago, Dept Pathol, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Kotloff, KL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Global Hlth, Div Infect Dis & Trop Pediat,Dept Pediat Ctr Vacc, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM kkotloff@medicine.umaryland.edu FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [48968]; Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars and Fellows Program at Vanderbilt University [R24 TW007988] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant number 48968) to the International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Travel for B. B.-K. was supported by the Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars and Fellows Program at Vanderbilt University (grant number R24 TW007988). NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 63 SU 4 BP S187 EP S196 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw546 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EI7WI UT WOS:000392714700011 PM 27838672 ER PT J AU Blain, AE Lewis, M Banerjee, E Kudish, K Liko, J McGuire, S Selvage, D Watt, J Martin, SW Skoff, TH AF Blain, Amy E. Lewis, Melissa Banerjee, Emily Kudish, Kathy Liko, Juventila McGuire, Suzanne Selvage, David Watt, James Martin, Stacey W. Skoff, Tami H. TI An Assessment of the Cocooning Strategy for Preventing Infant Pertussis-United States, 2011 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cocooning; pertussis; Tdap ID VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS; PROTECTING NEWBORNS; TETANUS-DIPHTHERIA; WANING IMMUNITY; TDAP; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; TRANSMISSION; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION AB Background. Infants are at greatest risk for severe pertussis. In 2006, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended that adolescents and adults, especially those with infant contact, receive a single dose of Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine). To assess the effectiveness of cocooning, we conducted a case-control evaluation of infant close contacts. Methods. Pertussis cases aged < 2 months with onset between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2011 were identified in Emerging Infections Program Network sites. For each case, we recruited 3 controls from birth certificates and interviewed identified adult close contacts (CCs) or parents of CCs aged < 18 years. Pertussis vaccination was verified through medical providers and/or immunization registries. Results. Forty-two cases were enrolled, with 154 matched controls. Around enrolled infants, 859 CCs were identified (600 adult and 259 nonadult). An average of 5.4 CCs was identified per case and 4.1 CCs per control. Five hundred fifty-four (64.5%) CCs were enrolled (371 adult and 183 non-adult CCs); 119 (32.1% of enrolled) adult CCs had received Tdap. The proportion of Tdap-vaccinated adult CCs was similar between cases and controls (P = .89). The 600 identified adult CCs comprised 172 potential cocoons; 71 (41.3%) potential cocoons had all identified adult CCs enrolled. Of these, 9 were fully vaccinated and 43.7% contained no Tdap-vaccinated adults. The proportion of fully vaccinated case (4.8%) and control (10.0%) cocoons was similar (P = .43). Conclusions. Low Tdap coverage among adult CCs reinforces the difficulty of implementing the cocooning strategy and the importance of vaccination during pregnancy to prevent infant pertussis. C1 [Blain, Amy E.; Lewis, Melissa; Martin, Stacey W.; Skoff, Tami H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Banerjee, Emily] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Kudish, Kathy] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Liko, Juventila] Oregon Hlth Author, Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [McGuire, Suzanne] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Selvage, David] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Watt, James] Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. RP Blain, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-25, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ablain@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CK12-1202] FX This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cooperative agreement CK12-1202). NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 63 SU 4 BP S221 EP S226 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw528 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EI7WI UT WOS:000392714700015 PM 27838676 ER PT J AU Omer, SB Kazi, AM Bednarczyk, RA Allen, KE Quinn, CP Aziz, F Sial, K Phadke, VK Tondella, ML Williams, MM Orenstein, WA Ali, SA AF Omer, Saad B. Kazi, A. Momin Bednarczyk, Robert A. Allen, Kristen E. Quinn, Conrad P. Aziz, Fatima Sial, Khurram Phadke, Varun K. Tondella, Maria L. Williams, Margaret M. Orenstein, Walter A. Ali, S. Asad TI Epidemiology of Pertussis Among Young Pakistani Infants: A Community-Based Prospective Surveillance Study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE pertussis; maternal vaccine; Tdap; Pakistan; surveillance ID REAL-TIME PCR; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; SPECIMENS; SEVERITY; DEATHS AB Background. Pertussis remains a cause of morbidity and mortality among young infants. There are limited data on the pertussis disease burden in this age group from low-and lower-middle-income countries, including in South Asia. Methods. We conducted an active community-based surveillance study from February 2015 to April 2016 among 2 cohorts of young infants in 4 low-income settlements in Karachi, Pakistan. Infants were enrolled either at birth (closed cohort) or at ages up to 10 weeks (open cohort) and followed until 18 weeks of age. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from infants who met a standardized syndromic case definition and tested for Bordetella pertussis using real-time polymerase chain reaction. We determined the incidence of pertussis using a protocol-defined case definition, as well as the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definitions for confirmed and probable pertussis. Results. Of 2021 infants enrolled into the study, 8 infants met the protocol-defined pertussis case definition, for an incidence of 3.96 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84-7.50) cases per 1000 infants. Seven of the pertussis cases met the CDC pertussis case definition (5 confirmed, 2 probable), for incidences of CDC-defined confirmed pertussis of 2.47 (95% CI,.90-5.48) cases per 1000 infants, and probable pertussis of 0.99 (95% CI,.17-3.27) cases per 1000 infants. Three of the pertussis cases were severe according to the Modified Preziosi Scale score. Conclusions. In one of the first prospective surveillance studies of infant pertussis in a developing country, we identified a moderate burden of pertussis disease in early infancy in Pakistan. C1 [Omer, Saad B.; Allen, Kristen E.] Emory Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Omer, Saad B.; Bednarczyk, Robert A.] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Omer, Saad B.] Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Omer, Saad B.; Bednarczyk, Robert A.; Orenstein, Walter A.] Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kazi, A. Momin; Aziz, Fatima; Sial, Khurram; Ali, S. Asad] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan. [Quinn, Conrad P.; Tondella, Maria L.; Williams, Margaret M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Phadke, Varun K.; Orenstein, Walter A.] Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Omer, SB (reprint author), Emory Univ, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Rm 7017,CNR Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM somer@emory.edu FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1092014]; NIAID [T32AI074492] FX This study was supported by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1092014). Varun K. Phadke (VKP) was supported by Award Number T32AI074492 from the NIAID. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 63 SU 4 BP S148 EP S153 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw561 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EI7WI UT WOS:000392714700006 PM 27838667 ER PT J AU Marlow, MA AF Marlow, Mariel A. TI Writing scientific articles like a native English speaker: concise writing for Portuguese speakers SO Clinics LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Marlow, Mariel A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marlow, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmarlow3@gmail.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HOSPITAL CLINICAS, UNIV SAO PAULO PI SAO PAULO PA FAC MEDICINA, UNIV SAO PAULO, SAO PAULO, SP 00000, BRAZIL SN 1807-5932 EI 1980-5322 J9 CLINICS JI Clinics PD DEC PY 2016 VL 71 IS 12 BP 684 EP 686 DI 10.6061/clinics/2016(12)01 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EI7YZ UT WOS:000392722300001 PM 28076510 ER PT J AU Kreslake, JM Wahyuningrum, Y Iuliano, AD Storms, AD Lafond, KE Mangiri, A Praptiningsih, CY Safi, B Uyeki, TM Storey, JD AF Kreslake, Jennifer M. Wahyuningrum, Yunita Iuliano, Angela D. Storms, Aaron D. Lafond, Kathryn E. Mangiri, Amalya Praptiningsih, Catharina Y. Safi, Basil Uyeki, Timothy M. Storey, J. Douglas TI The Intersection of Care Seeking and Clinical Capacity for Patients With Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus in Indonesia: Knowledge and Treatment Practices of the Public and Physicians SO Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness LA English DT Article DE health care utilization; delivery of health care; influenza A virus (H5N1 subtype); health communication; Indonesia ID HUMAN INFECTION AB Background: Indonesia has the highest human mortality from highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) virus infection in the world. Methods: A survey of households (N = 2520) measured treatment sources and beliefs among symptomatic household members. A survey of physicians (N = 554) in various types of health care facilities measured knowledge, assessment and testing behaviors, and perceived clinical capacity. Results: Households reported confidence in health care system capacity but infrequently sought treatment for potential HPAI H5N1 signs/symptoms. More clinicians were confident in their knowledge of diagnosis and treatment than in the adequacy of related equipment and resources at their facilities. Physicians expressed awareness of the HPAI H5N1 suspect case definition, yet expressed only moderate knowledge in questioning symptomatic patients about exposures. Self-reported likelihood of testing for HPAI H5N1 virus was high after learning of certain exposures. Knowledge of antiviral treatment was moderate, but it was higher among clinicians in puskesmas. Physicians in private outpatient clinics, the most heavily used facilities, reported the lowest confidence in their diagnostic and treatment capabilities. Conclusions: Educational campaigns can encourage recall of possible poultry exposure when patients are experiencing signs/symptoms and can raise awareness of the effectiveness of antivirals to drive people to seek health care. Clinicians may benefit from training regarding exposure assessment and referral procedures, particularly in private clinics. C1 [Kreslake, Jennifer M.; Wahyuningrum, Yunita; Safi, Basil; Storey, J. Douglas] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. [Iuliano, Angela D.; Storms, Aaron D.; Lafond, Kathryn E.; Mangiri, Amalya; Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Storms, Aaron D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Praptiningsih, Catharina Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Kreslake, JM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Hampton House,2nd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jkreslak@jhsph.edu OI Kreslake, Jennifer/0000-0001-6605-1327 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1935-7893 EI 1938-744X J9 DISASTER MED PUBLIC JI Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 10 IS 6 BP 838 EP 847 DI 10.1017/dmp.2016.81 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EI7YX UT WOS:000392722100006 PM 27298195 ER PT J AU Steele, MK Remais, JV Gambhir, M Glasser, JW Handel, A Parashar, UD Lopman, BA AF Steele, Molly K. Remais, Justin V. Gambhir, Manoj Glasser, John W. Handel, Andreas Parashar, Umesh D. Lopman, Benjamin A. TI Targeting pediatric versus elderly populations for norovirus vaccines: a model-based analysis of mass vaccination options SO Epidemics LA English DT Article DE Vaccination; Norovirus; Transmission; Mathematical modeling; Herd immunity ID UNITED-STATES; NORWALK VIRUS; GASTROENTERITIS; DISEASE; ADULTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; ENGLAND AB BACKGROUND: Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne diarrheal disease in the United States. Norovirus vaccine development has progressed in recent years, but critical questions remain regarding which age groups should be vaccinated to maximize population impact. METHODS: We developed a deterministic, age-structured compartmental model of norovirus transmission and immunity in the U.S. population. The model was fit to age-specific monthly U.S. hospitalizations between 1996 and 2007. We simulated mass immunization of both pediatric and elderly populations assuming realistic coverages of 90% and 65%, respectively. We considered two mechanism of vaccine action, resulting in lower vaccine efficacy (IVE) between 22% and 43% and higher VE (hVE) of 50%. RESULTS: Pediatric vaccination was predicted to avert 33% (95% CI: 27%, 40%) and 60% (95% CI: 49%, 71%) of norovirus episodes among children under five years for lVE and hVE, respectively. Vaccinating the elderly averted 17% (95% CI: 12%, 20%) and 38% (95% CI: 34%, 42%) of cases in 65+ year olds for lVE and hVE, respectively. At a population level, pediatric vaccination was predicted to avert 18-21 times more cases and twice as many deaths per vaccinee compared to elderly vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: The potential benefits are likely greater for a pediatric program, both via direct protection of vaccinated children and indirect protection of unvaccinated individuals, including adults and the elderly. These findings argue for a clinical development plan that will deliver a vaccine with a safety and efficacy profile suitable for use in children. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Steele, Molly K.; Glasser, John W.; Parashar, Umesh D.; Lopman, Benjamin A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Steele, Molly K.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Remais, Justin V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gambhir, Manoj] Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Epidemiol Modelling Unit, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Handel, Andreas] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lopman, Benjamin A.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Steele, MK (reprint author), Dept Environm Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA USA. EM molly.steele@emory.edu FU NoroCORE Graduate Fellowship - United States Department of Agriculture - National Institute of Food and Agriculture Food Virology Collaborative; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [K01AI091864]; National Science Foundation Water Sustainability and Climate Program [1360330]; National Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center [R01TW010286] FX This work was supported by a NoroCORE Graduate Fellowship-funded by the United States Department of Agriculture - National Institute of Food and Agriculture Food Virology Collaborative [to MKS]; a fellowship from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education [to MKS]; the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases[K01AI091864 to JVR]; the National Science Foundation Water Sustainability and Climate Program [1360330 to JVR]; and the National Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center [R01TW010286 to JVR]. The funding sources for this study had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing the report. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1755-4365 J9 EPIDEMICS-NETH JI Epidemics PD DEC PY 2016 VL 17 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.epidem.2016.10.006 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EJ1CQ UT WOS:000392948300006 PM 27821278 ER PT J AU Jaime, MCD Stocking, M Freire, K Perkinson, L Ciaravino, S Miller, E AF Jaime, M. C. D. Stocking, M. Freire, K. Perkinson, L. Ciaravino, S. Miller, E. TI Using a domestic and sexual violence prevention advocate to implement a dating violence prevention program with athletes SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RISK BEHAVIOR; ABUSE PERPETRATION; GENDER ATTITUDES; SUBSTANCE USE; COLLEGE MEN; ADOLESCENT; EDUCATION; PARTICIPATION; INTERVENTIONS AB 'Coaching Boys into Men' is an evidence-based dating violence prevention program for coaches to implement with male athletes. A common adaptation of this program is delivery by domestic violence and sexual violence prevention advocates instead of coaches. We explored how this implementer adaptation may influence athlete uptake of program messages and outcomes. Randomly, one school received the program delivered by an advocate while another school received the program delivered by coaches. Athletes completed baseline and follow-up surveys (n = 148), and a subset who received the advocate-led program participated in focus groups (four groups; n = 26). We compared changes in athlete attitudes and behaviors and conducted thematic analyses with qualitative data. We found no significant differences between athletes who received the program from the advocate versus their coaches. Athletes highlighted the advocate's delivery and role as a non-judgmental adult ally as qualities that influenced their uptake of program messages. The acceptability of the advocate-led program may be related to the implementer type along with specific implementer characteristics and delivery methods. Using advocates together with coaches as implementers could increase the reach of this program. Further study of best practices for Coaching Boys into Men adaptation is needed to guide program dissemination and sustainability. C1 [Jaime, M. C. D.; Ciaravino, S.; Miller, E.] Univ Pittsburgh, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pediat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Stocking, M.; Freire, K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Perkinson, L.] CDC Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Jaime, MCD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pediat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM maria.virata@chp.edu FU Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [69547]; CDC Division of Violence Prevention FX This work was supported by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [grant number 69547] to the CDC Foundation and implemented in partnership with the CDC Division of Violence Prevention. The CDC Division of Violence Prevention funded researchers from Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 EI 1465-3648 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 6 BP 679 EP 696 DI 10.1093/her/cyw045 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ0ZD UT WOS:000392938900001 PM 27923860 ER PT J AU Trindade, GD Emerson, GL Sammons, S Frace, M Govil, D Mota, BEF Abrahao, JS de Assis, FL Olsen-Rasmussen, M Goldsmith, CS Li, Y Carroll, D da Fonseca, FG Kroon, E Damon, IK AF Trindade, Giliane de Souza Emerson, Ginny L. Sammons, Scott Frace, Michael Govil, Dhwani Fernandes Mota, Bruno Eduardo Abrahao, Jonatas Santos de Assis, Felipe Lopes Olsen-Rasmussen, Melissa Goldsmith, Cynthia S. Li, Yu Carroll, Darin da Fonseca, Flavio Guimaraes Kroon, Erna Damon, Inger K. TI Serro 2 Virus Highlights the Fundamental Genomic and Biological Features of a Natural Vaccinia Virus Infecting Humans SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE vaccinia virus; genome; virulence; outbreak; poxvirus; public health ID BRAZILIAN SMALLPOX VACCINE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; POXVIRUS INFECTIONS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; CANTAGALO VIRUS; PROTECTS MICE; IN-VITRO; SEQUENCE; GENE; NEUTRALIZATION AB Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been implicated in infections of dairy cattle and humans, and outbreaks have substantially impacted local economies and public health in Brazil. During a 2005 outbreak, a VACV strain designated Serro 2 virus (S2V) was collected from a 30-year old male milker. Our aim was to phenotypically and genetically characterize this VACV Brazilian isolate. S2V produced small round plaques without associated comets when grown in BSC40 cells. Furthermore, S2V was less virulent than the prototype strain VACV-Western Reserve (WR) in a murine model of intradermal infection, producing a tiny lesion with virtually no surrounding inflammation. The genome of S2V was sequenced by primer walking. The coding region spans 184,572 bp and contains 211 predicted genes. Mutations in envelope genes specifically associated with small plaque phenotypes were not found in S2V; however, other alterations in amino acid sequences within these genes were identified. In addition, some immunomodulatory genes were truncated in S2V. Phylogenetic analysis using immune regulatory-related genes, besides the hemagglutinin gene, segregated the Brazilian viruses into two clusters, grouping the S2V into Brazilian VACV group 1. S2V is the first naturally-circulating human-associated VACV, with a low passage history, to be extensively genetically and phenotypically characterized. C1 [Trindade, Giliane de Souza; Emerson, Ginny L.; Sammons, Scott; Frace, Michael; Govil, Dhwani; Olsen-Rasmussen, Melissa; Goldsmith, Cynthia S.; Li, Yu; Carroll, Darin; Damon, Inger K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, CCID CDC, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Trindade, Giliane de Souza; Fernandes Mota, Bruno Eduardo; Abrahao, Jonatas Santos; de Assis, Felipe Lopes; da Fonseca, Flavio Guimaraes; Kroon, Erna] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Microbiol, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM gitrindade@yahoo.com.br; dtt4@cdc.gov; ssammons@cdc.gov; mfrace@cdc.gov; dgovil@cdc.gov; brunofmota@gmail.com; jonatas.abrahao@gmail.com; felipelopesassis@gmail.com; mOlsen-Rasmussen@cdc.gov; cgoldsmith@cdc.gov; lay4@cdc.gov; dcarroll@cdc.gov; fdafonseca@icb.ufmg.br; kroone@icb.ufmg.br; IDamon@cdc.gov FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG); Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento (MAPA) FX We thank Joao Rodrigues dos Santos, Angela Sana Lopes, Ilda Gamma, and colleagues from Laboratorio de Virus (ICB-UFMG/Escola de Veterinaria) for their excellent technical support. We also thank the Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuaria (IMA) for technical support during the field expeditions. G.d.S.T., F.G.d.F., J.S.A. and E.K. are CNPq researchers. Financial support was provided by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento (MAPA). G.d.S.T., J.S.A., F.G.d.F. and E.K. are researchers from CNPq. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD DEC PY 2016 VL 8 IS 12 AR 328 DI 10.3390/v8120328 PG 21 WC Virology SC Virology GA EI4SW UT WOS:000392484600008 ER PT J AU Foster, S Jones, SE AF Foster, Stephanie Jones, Sherry Everett TI Association of School District Policies for Radon Testing and Radon-Resistant New Construction Practices with Indoor Radon Zones SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE radon; schools; school district; testing; radon-resistant new construction; policy AB Radon is a naturally occurring, colorless, odorless, and tasteless radioactive gas. Without testing, its presence is unknown. Using nationally representative data from the 2012 School Health Policies and Practices Study, we examined whether the prevalence of school district policies for radon testing and for radon-resistant new construction practices varied by district location in relation to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Map of Radon Zones. Among school districts located in counties with high predicted average indoor radon, 42.4% had policies for radon testing and 37.5% had policies for radon-resistant new construction practices. These findings suggest a critical need for improved awareness among policy makers regarding potential radon exposure for both students and school staff. C1 [Foster, Stephanie] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Jones, Sherry Everett] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Foster, S (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM slfoster@cdc.gov; severettjones@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 13 IS 12 AR 1234 DI 10.3390/ijerph13121234 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EI1XN UT WOS:000392280100005 ER PT J AU Chawla, N Blanch-Hartigan, D Virgo, KS Ekwueme, DU Han, XS Forsythe, L Rodriguez, J McNeel, TS Yabroff, KR AF Chawla, Neetu Blanch-Hartigan, Danielle Virgo, Katherine S. Ekwueme, Donatus U. Han, Xuesong Forsythe, Laura Rodriguez, Juan McNeel, Timothy S. Yabroff, K. Robin TI Quality of Patient-Provider Communication Among Cancer Survivors: Findings From a Nationally Representative Sample SO JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; CARE PLANS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OF-CARE; EXPERIENCES; OUTCOMES; BREAST; SURVEILLANCE; TIME AB Purpose Although patient-provider communication is an essential component of health care delivery, little is known about the quality of these discussions among patients with cancer. Methods Data are from the 2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Experiences with Cancer survey among 1,202 adult cancer survivors. We evaluated discussions with any provider after a cancer diagnosis about: (1) follow-up care; (2) late or long-term treatment effects; (3) lifestyle recommendations, such as diet, exercise, and quitting smoking; and (4) emotional or social needs. Using a response scale ranging from "did not discuss" to "discussed in detail," a summary score was constructed to define communication quality as high, medium, or low. Patient factors associated with the quality of provider discussions were examined using multivariable polytomous logistic regression analyses. Results At the time of the survey, approximately one half of the patients (46%) were either within 1 year (24.1%) or between 1 and 5 years (22.0%) of treatment. More than one third of cancer survivors reported that they did not receive detailed communication about follow-up care, and more than one half reported that they did not receive detailed communication regarding late or long-term effects, lifestyle recommendations, or emotional and social needs. Only 24% reported high-quality communication for all four elements, indicating that the vast majority experienced suboptimal communication. In multivariable analysis, survivors reporting a high communication quality with providers included those who were within 1 year of treatment, between the ages of 18 and 64 years, non-Hispanic black or other ethnicity, and married. Conclusion Study findings demonstrate gaps in the communication quality experienced by cancer survivors in the United States and help identify survivors for targeted interventions. C1 Kaiser Permanente Northern Calif, Oakland, CA USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Bentley Univ, Waltham, MA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Patient Ctr Outcomes Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Chawla, N (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Northern CA, Div Res, 2000 Broadway Ave, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM neetu.chawla@kp.org NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 1554-7477 EI 1935-469X J9 J ONCOL PRACT JI J. Oncol. Pract. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 12 IS 12 BP E964 EP E971 DI 10.1200/JOP.2015.006999 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA EI3II UT WOS:000392383200013 PM 27221992 ER PT J AU Amer, S ElKhatam, A Zidan, S Feng, YY Xiao, LH AF Amer, Said ElKhatam, Ahmed Zidan, Shereif Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua TI Identity of Fasciola spp. in sheep in Egypt SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Fasciola; Genotype; ITS1; nad1; Hybridization; Egypt ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; LIVER FLUKE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; INTERMEDIATE FORMS; GALBA-TRUNCATULA; ENDEMIC AREA; F-GIGANTICA; HEPATICA AB Background: In Egypt, liver flukes, Fasciola spp. (Digenea: Fasciolidae), have a serious impact on the farming industry and public health. Both Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are known to occur in cattle, providing the opportunity for genetic recombination. Little is known on the identity and genetic variability of Fasciola populations in sheep. Methods: This study was performed to determine the prevalence of liver flukes in sheep in Menofia Province as a representative area of the delta region in Egypt, as measured by postmortem examination of slaughtered animals at three abattoirs. The identity and genetic variability of Fasciola spp. in slaughtered animals were determined by PCR-sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes. Results: Physical inspection of the liver indicated that 302 of 2058 (14.7%) slaughtered sheep were infected with Fasciola spp. Sequence analysis of the ITS1 and nad1 genes of liver flukes from 17 animals revealed that 11 animals were infected with F. hepatica, four with F. gigantica, and two with both species. Seventy eight of 103 flukes genetically characterized from these animals were F. hepatica, 23 were F. gigantica, and two had ITS1 sequences identical to F. hepatica but nad1 sequences identical to F. gigantica. nad1 sequences of Egyptian isolates of F. gigantica showed pronounced differences from those in the GenBank database. Egyptian F. gigantica haplotypes formed haplogroup D, which clustered in a sister clade with haplogroups A, B and C circulating in Asia, indicating the existence of geographic isolation in the species. Conclusions: Both F. hepatica and F. gigantica are prevalent in sheep in Egypt and an introgressed form of the two occurs as the result of genetic recombination. In addition, a geographically isolated F. gigantica population is present in the country. The importance of these observations in epidemiology of fascioliasis needs to be examined in future studies. C1 [Amer, Said; Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Amer, Said] Kafr El Sheikh Univ, Dept Zool, Fac Sci, Kafr Al Sheikh, Egypt. [ElKhatam, Ahmed] Univ Sadat City, Dept Parasitol, Fac Vet Med, Menoufia, Egypt. [Zidan, Shereif] Univ Sadat City, Dept Anim Hyg & Zoonoses, Fac Vet Med, Menoufia, Egypt. [Feng, Yaoyu] South China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Feng, YY (reprint author), South China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM yyfeng2015@sina.com; lxiao@cdc.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31110103901]; Kafr El Sheikh University; University of Sadat City; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31110103901), Kafr El Sheikh University, University of Sadat City, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The funding bodies played no direct role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 9 AR 623 DI 10.1186/s13071-016-1898-2 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA EI3DQ UT WOS:000392370300003 PM 27906040 ER PT J AU Corbel, V Achee, NL Chandre, F Coulibaly, MB Dusfour, I Fonseca, DM Grieco, J Juntarajumnong, W Lenhart, A Martins, AJ Moyes, C Ng, LC Pinto, J Raghavendra, K Vatandoost, H Vontas, J Weetman, D Fouque, F Velayudhan, R David, JP AF Corbel, Vincent Achee, Nicole L. Chandre, Fabrice Coulibaly, Mamadou B. Dusfour, Isabelle Fonseca, Dina M. Grieco, John Juntarajumnong, Waraporn Lenhart, Audrey Martins, Ademir J. Moyes, Catherine Ng, Lee Ching Pinto, Joao Raghavendra, Kamaraju Vatandoost, Hassan Vontas, John Weetman, David Fouque, Florence Velayudhan, Raman David, Jean-Philippe TI Tracking Insecticide Resistance in Mosquito Vectors of Arboviruses: The Worldwide Insecticide resistance Network (WIN) SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 [Corbel, Vincent; Chandre, Fabrice] IRD, MIVEGEC, UM1, CNRS 5290,IRD 224, Montpellier, France. [Achee, Nicole L.; Grieco, John] UND, Eck Inst Global Hlth, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN USA. [Coulibaly, Mamadou B.] MRTC, Bamako, Mali. [Dusfour, Isabelle] IPG, Cayenne, French Guiana. [Fonseca, Dina M.] RU, Ctr Vector Biol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Corbel, Vincent; Juntarajumnong, Waraporn] KU, Dept Entomol, Bangkok, Thailand. [Lenhart, Audrey] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martins, Ademir J.] Inst Oswaldo Cruz Fiocruz, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Moyes, Catherine] OU, Li Ka Shing Ctr Hlth Informat & Discovery, Oxford Big Data Inst, Oxford, England. [Ng, Lee Ching] NEA, EHI, Singapore, Singapore. [Pinto, Joao] Univ Nova Lisboa, GHTM, IHMT, Lisbon, Portugal. [Raghavendra, Kamaraju] NIMR, Insecticides & Insecticide Resistance Lab, Delhi, India. [Vatandoost, Hassan] Tehran Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Med Entomol & Vector Control, Tehran, Iran. [Vontas, John] Fdn Res & Technol FORTH, IMBB, Iraklion, Greece. [Vontas, John] Agr Univ Athens, Pesticide Sci Lab, Athens, Greece. [Weetman, David] LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Fouque, Florence] WHO, Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, Geneva, Switzerland. [Velayudhan, Raman] WHO, Vector Ecol & Management, Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis HTM NTD, Geneva, Switzerland. [David, Jean-Philippe] Univ Grenoble, CNRS, Lab Ecol Alpine LECA, UMR 5553, Domaine Univ St Martin dHeres, Grenoble, France. RP Corbel, V (reprint author), IRD, MIVEGEC, UM1, CNRS 5290,IRD 224, Montpellier, France.; Corbel, V (reprint author), KU, Dept Entomol, Bangkok, Thailand. EM vincent.corbel@ird.fr RI Pinto, Joao/C-2208-2012; OI Pinto, Joao/0000-0001-8572-7708; Dusfour, Isabelle/0000-0002-5265-8432; Moyes, Catherine/0000-0002-8028-4079 FU WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR); World Health Organization FX This work was funded by the WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR, http://www.who.int/tdr/en). Authors VC, NLA, FC, MBC, ID, DF, JG, WJ, AL, AJM, CM, LCN, JP, KR, HV, JV, DW, and JPD received salaries from academic or research institutions from their respective countries. Authors FF and RV received salaries from the World Health Organization. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, or decision to publish. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0005054 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005054 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EI0IX UT WOS:000392158100008 PM 27906961 ER PT J AU Maze, MJ Biggs, HM Rubach, MP Galloway, RL Cash-Goldwasser, S Allan, KJ Halliday, JEB Hertz, JT Saganda, W Lwezaula, BF Cleaveland, S Mmbaga, BT Maro, VP Crump, JA AF Maze, Michael J. Biggs, Holly M. Rubach, Matthew P. Galloway, Renee L. Cash-Goldwasser, Shama Allan, Kathryn J. Halliday, Jo E. B. Hertz, Julian T. Saganda, Wilbrod Lwezaula, Bingileki F. Cleaveland, Sarah Mmbaga, Blandina T. Maro, Venance P. Crump, John A. TI Comparison of the Estimated Incidence of Acute Leptospirosis in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania between 2007-08 and 2012-14 SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MAYOTTE INDIAN-OCEAN; RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; SEROLOGICAL SURVEY; BOVINE LEPTOSPIROSIS; TYPHOID-FEVER; HEALTH-CARE; EL-NINO; ZIMBABWE; ANIMALS; AFRICA AB Background The sole report of annual leptospirosis incidence in continental Africa of 75-102 cases per 100,000 population is from a study performed in August 2007 through September 2008 in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. To evaluate the stability of this estimate over time, we estimated the incidence of acute leptospirosis in Kilimanjaro Region, northern Tanzania for the time period 2012-2014. Methodology and Principal Findings Leptospirosis cases were identified among febrile patients at two sentinel hospitals in the Kilimanjaro Region. Leptospirosis was diagnosed by serum microscopic agglutination testing using a panel of 20 Leptospira serovars belonging to 17 separate serogroups. Serum was taken at enrolment and patients were asked to return 4-6 weeks later to provide convalescent serum. Confirmed cases required a 4-fold rise in titre and probable cases required a single titre of >= 800. Findings from a healthcare utilisation survey were used to estimate multipliers to adjust for cases not seen at sentinel hospitals. We identified 19 (1.7%) confirmed or probable cases among 1,115 patients who presented with a febrile illness. Of cases, the predominant reactive serogroups were Australis 8 (42.1%), Sejroe 3 (15.8%), Grippotyphosa 2 (10.5%), Icterohaemorrhagiae 2 (10.5%), Pyrogenes 2 (10.5%), Djasiman 1 (5.3%), Tarassovi 1 (5.3%). We estimated that the annual incidence of leptospirosis was 11-18 cases per 100,000 population. This was a significantly lower incidence than 2007-08 (p<0.001). Conclusions We estimated a much lower incidence of acute leptospirosis than previously, with a notable absence of cases due to the previously predominant serogroup Mini. Our findings indicate a dynamic epidemiology of leptospirosis in this area and highlight the value of multi-year surveillance to understand leptospirosis epidemiology. C1 [Maze, Michael J.; Crump, John A.] Univ Otago, Ctr Int Hlth, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Maze, Michael J.; Rubach, Matthew P.; Cash-Goldwasser, Shama; Mmbaga, Blandina T.; Maro, Venance P.] Kilimanjaro Christian Med Ctr, Moshi, Tanzania. [Biggs, Holly M.; Rubach, Matthew P.; Crump, John A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Durham, NC USA. [Rubach, Matthew P.; Cash-Goldwasser, Shama; Hertz, Julian T.; Mmbaga, Blandina T.; Crump, John A.] Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA. [Galloway, Renee L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Allan, Kathryn J.; Halliday, Jo E. B.] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Boyd Orr Ctr Populat & Ecosyst Hlth, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Saganda, Wilbrod; Lwezaula, Bingileki F.; Cleaveland, Sarah] Mawenzi Reg Referral Hosp, Moshi, Tanzania. [Mmbaga, Blandina T.; Maro, Venance P.; Crump, John A.] Kilimanjaro Christian Med Univ Coll, Moshi, Tanzania. RP Maze, MJ (reprint author), Univ Otago, Ctr Int Hlth, Dunedin, New Zealand.; Maze, MJ (reprint author), Kilimanjaro Christian Med Ctr, Moshi, Tanzania. EM mazmi604@student.otago.ac.nz FU US National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Science Foundation (NSF) Ecology of Infectious Disease program [R01TW009237]; Research Council UK; Research Council UK Department for International Development; Research Council UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSR) [BB/J010367/1]; Research Council Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, under the Zoonoses and Emerging Livestock Systems (ZELS) programme [BB/L018926, BB/L017679, BB/L018845]; US National Institutes of Health International Studies on AIDS Associated Co-infections (ISAAC) award [U01 AI062563]; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPPGH5231]; University of Otago Frances G. Cotter Scholarship; US National Institutes of Health National Institute for Allergy and Infectious grant [R01 AI121378]; National Institutes of Health Interdisciplinary Research Training Program in AIDS [NIAID-AI007392]; National Institutes of Health Research Training Grant [R25 TW009337]; National Institutes of Health Research [R25 TW009343, AI116869]; Fogarty International Center; National Institute of Mental Health; Wellcome Trust [096400/Z/11/Z]; National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center through the International Clinical Research Fellows Program at Vanderbilt University [R24TW007988] FX This research was supported by the joint US National Institutes of Health (NIH:www.nih.gov)-National Science Foundation (NSF:www.nsf.gov) Ecology of Infectious Disease program (R01TW009237) and the Research Councils UK, UK Department for International Development, and UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSR:www.bbsrc.ac.uk) (grant numbers BB/J010367/1). The research was supported in part by the Research Councils UK, UK Department for International Development, and the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, under the Zoonoses and Emerging Livestock Systems (ZELS) programme (BB/L018926, BB/L017679, BB/L018845) and by an US National Institutes of Health International Studies on AIDS Associated Co-infections (ISAAC) award (U01 AI062563) and in part by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (www.gatesfoundation.org) funded Typhoid Fever Surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa Program (TSAP) grant (OPPGH5231). MJM received support from a University of Otago Frances G. Cotter Scholarship. MPR, VPM, and JAC received support from a US National Institutes of Health National Institute for Allergy and Infectious grant (R01 AI121378). HMB received support from the National Institutes of Health Interdisciplinary Research Training Program in AIDS (NIAID-AI007392). SCG support from a National Institutes of Health Research Training Grant (R25 TW009337). MPR received support from a National Institutes of Health Research Training Grant (R25 TW009343) and Early Career Award (AI116869) and funded by the Fogarty International Center and the National Institute of Mental Health. KJA received support from the Wellcome Trust (www.wellcome.ac.uk) (096400/Z/11/Z). JTH received support from the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center through the International Clinical Research Fellows Program at Vanderbilt University (R24TW007988). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0005165 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005165 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EI0IX UT WOS:000392158100035 PM 27911902 ER PT J AU Scobie, HM Phares, CR Wannemuehler, KA Nyangoma, E Taylor, EM Fulton, A Wongjindanon, N Aung, NR Travers, P Date, K AF Scobie, Heather M. Phares, Christina R. Wannemuehler, Kathleen A. Nyangoma, Edith Taylor, Eboni M. Fulton, Anna Wongjindanon, Nuttapong Aung, Naw Rody Travers, Phillipe Date, Kashmira TI Use of Oral Cholera Vaccine and Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in a Long-Standing Refugee Camp, Thailand, 2012-2014 SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MASS VACCINATION; SOCIOCULTURAL DETERMINANTS; ANTICIPATED ACCEPTANCE; KATANGA PROVINCE; RURAL HAITI; BANGLADESH; COVERAGE; HEALTH; DHAKA; POPULATION AB Oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are relatively new public health interventions, and limited data exist on the potential impact of OCV use on traditional cholera prevention and control measures D safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH). To assess OCV acceptability and knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding cholera and WaSH, we conducted cross-sectional surveys, 1 month before (baseline) and 3 and 12 months after (first and second follow-up) a preemptive OCV campaign in Maela, a long-standing refugee camp on the Thailand-Burma border. We randomly selected households for the surveys, and administered questionnaires to female heads of households. In total, 271 (77%), 187 (81%), and 199 (85%) households were included in the baseline, first and second follow-up surveys, respectively. Anticipated OCV acceptability was 97% at baseline, and 91% and 85% of household members were reported to have received 1 and 2 OCV doses at first follow-up. Compared with baseline, statistically significant differences (95% Wald confidence interval not overlapping zero) were noted at first and second follow-up among the proportions of respondents who correctly identified two or more means of cholera prevention (62% versus 78% and 80%), reported boiling or treating drinking water (19% versus 44% and 69%), and washing hands with soap (66% versus 77% and 85%); a significant difference was also observed in the proportion of households with soap available at handwashing areas (84% versus 90% and 95%), consistent with reported behaviors. No significant difference was noted in the proportion of households testing positive for Escherichia coli in stored household drinking water at second follow-up (39% versus 49% and 34%). Overall, we observed some positive, and no negative changes in cholera-and WaSH-related KAPs after an OCV campaign in Maela refugee camp. OCV campaigns may provide opportunities to reinforce beneficial WaSH-related KAPs for comprehensive cholera prevention and control. C1 [Scobie, Heather M.; Wannemuehler, Kathleen A.; Date, Kashmira] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Scobie, Heather M.; Nyangoma, Edith; Taylor, Eboni M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Phares, Christina R.; Wongjindanon, Nuttapong] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Phares, Christina R.; Nyangoma, Edith; Taylor, Eboni M.; Fulton, Anna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. [Aung, Naw Rody; Travers, Phillipe] Premiere Urgence Aide Med Int, Mae Sot, Thailand. [Taylor, Eboni M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Scobie, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Scobie, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vih8@cdc.gov FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1058728] FX This work was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1058728; CRP and KD; www.gatesfoundation.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0005210 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005210 PG 17 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EI0IX UT WOS:000392158100067 PM 27992609 ER PT J AU Wilson, NO Ly, AB Cama, VA Cantey, PT Cohn, D Diawara, L Direny, A Fall, M Feeser, KR Fox, LM Kabore, A Seck, AF Sy, N Ndiaye, D Dubray, C AF Wilson, Nana O. Ly, Alioune Badara Cama, Vitaliano A. Cantey, Paul T. Cohn, Daniel Diawara, Lamine Direny, Abdel Fall, Mawo Feeser, Karla R. Fox, LeAnne M. Kabore, Achille Seck, Amadou F. Sy, Ngayo Ndiaye, Daouda Dubray, Christine TI Evaluation of Lymphatic Filariasis and Onchocerciasis in Three Senegalese Districts Treated for Onchocerciasis with Ivermectin SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI MICROFILAREMIA; ENDEMIC FOCI; ELIMINATION; AFRICA; PROGRAM; IMPACT; MALI AB In Africa, onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are co-endemic in many areas. Current efforts to eliminate both diseases are through ivermectin-based mass drug administration (MDA). Years of ivermectin distribution for onchocerciasis may have interrupted LF transmission in certain areas. The Ke A dougou region, Senegal, is co-endemic for LF and onchocerciasis. Though MDA for onchocerciasis started in 1988, in 2014 albendazole had not yet been added for LF. The objective of this study was to assess in an integrated manner the LF and onchocerciasis status in the three districts of the Ke A dougou region after >= 10 years of ivermectin-based MDA. The study employed an African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) onchocerciasis-related methodology. In the three districts, 14 villages close to three rivers that have Simulium damnosum breeding sites were surveyed. Convenience sampling of residents >= 5 years old was performed. Assessment for LF antigenemia by immunochromatographic testing (ICT) was added to skin snip microscopy for onchocerciasis. Participants were also tested for antibodies against Wb123 (LF) and Ov16 (onchocerciasis) antigens. In two districts, no participants were ICT or skin snip positive. In the third district, 3.5% were ICT positive and 0.7% were skin snip positive. In all the three districts, Wb123 prevalence was 0.6%. Overall, Ov16 prevalence was 6.9%. Ov16 prevalence among children 5-9 years old in the study was 2.5%. LF antigenemia prevalence was still above treatment threshold in one district despite >= 10 years of ivermectin-based MDA. The presence of Ov16 positive children suggested recent transmission of Onchocerca volvulus. This study showed the feasibility of integrated evaluation of onchocerciasis and LF but development of integrated robust methods for assessing transmission of both LF and onchocerciasis are needed to determine where MDA can be stopped safely in co-endemic areas. C1 [Wilson, Nana O.; Cama, Vitaliano A.; Cantey, Paul T.; Feeser, Karla R.; Fox, LeAnne M.; Dubray, Christine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ly, Alioune Badara; Seck, Amadou F.] Minist Sante & Act Sociale, Dakar, Senegal. [Cohn, Daniel; Kabore, Achille] RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. [Diawara, Lamine] WHO, Reg Off Africa, Dakar, Senegal. [Diawara, Lamine] African Programme Onchocerciasis Control Represen, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Direny, Abdel] IMA World Hlth, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Fall, Mawo] RTI ENVISION, Dakar, Senegal. [Sy, Ngayo] Minist Sante & Act Sociale, Serv Lutte Antiparasitaire, Thies, Senegal. [Ndiaye, Daouda] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal. RP Wilson, NO; Dubray, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wie4@cdc.gov; ffg5@cdc.gov FU ENVISION, a global project; US Agency for International Development [AID-OAA-A-11-00048] FX The onchocerciasis assessment survey was made possible by the funding from ENVISION, a global project led by RTI International. ENVISION is funded by the US Agency for International Development under cooperative agreement No. AID-OAA-A-11-00048. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0005198 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005198 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EI0IX UT WOS:000392158100062 PM 27926918 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Sashti, N Ingram, A Phan, Q Booth, H Rounds, J Nicholson, CS Cosgrove, S Crocker, K Gould, LH AF Jones, Timothy F. Sashti, Nupur Ingram, Amanda Phan, Quyen Booth, Hillary Rounds, Joshua Nicholson, Cyndy S. Cosgrove, Shaun Crocker, Kia Gould, L. Hannah TI Characteristics of Clusters of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157 Detected by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis that Predict Identification of Outbreaks SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article DE pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); foodborne disease; outbreaks ID SURVEILLANCE; MINNESOTA; DISEASES; STATES AB Introduction: Molecular subtyping of pathogens is critical for foodborne disease outbreak detection and investigation. Many clusters initially identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) are not confirmed as point-source outbreaks. We evaluated characteristics of clusters that can help prioritize investigations to maximize effective use of limited resources. Materials and Methods: A multiagency collaboration (FoodNet) collected data on Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157 clusters for 3 years. Cluster size, timing, extent, and nature of epidemiologic investigations were analyzed to determine associations with whether the cluster was identified as a confirmed outbreak. Results: During the 3-year study period, 948 PFGE clusters were identified; 849 (90%) were Salmonella and 99 (10%) were E. coli O157. Of those, 192 (20%) were ultimately identified as outbreaks (154 [18%] of Salmonella and 38 [38%] of E. coli O157 clusters). Successful investigation was significantly associated with larger cluster size, more rapid submission of isolates (e.g., for Salmonella, 6 days for outbreaks vs. 8 days for nonoutbreaks) and PFGE result reporting to investigators (16 days vs. 29 days, respectively), and performance of analytic studies (completed in 33% of Salmonella outbreaks vs. 1% of nonoutbreaks) and environmental investigations (40% and 1%, respectively). Intervals between first and second cases in a cluster did not differ significantly between outbreaks and nonoutbreaks. Conclusions: Molecular subtyping of pathogens is a rapidly advancing technology, and successfully identifying outbreaks will vary by pathogen and methods used. Understanding criteria for successfully investigating outbreaks is critical for efficiently using limited resources. C1 [Jones, Timothy F.; Sashti, Nupur; Ingram, Amanda] Tennessee Dept Hlth, 4th Floor,AJT 710 James Robertson Pkwy, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. [Phan, Quyen] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Booth, Hillary] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Rounds, Joshua] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Nicholson, Cyndy S.] New Mexico Emerging Infect Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Cosgrove, Shaun] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Crocker, Kia] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gould, L. Hannah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, 4th Floor,AJT 710 James Robertson Pkwy, Nashville, TN 37243 USA. EM tim.f.jones@tn.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Emerging Infections Program Cooperative Agreement in participating states FX The authors thank Alvina Chu, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, and members of the FoodNet Outbreak Working Group for their assistance with this study. This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Emerging Infections Program Cooperative Agreement in participating states. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 13 IS 12 BP 674 EP 678 DI 10.1089/fpd.2016.2171 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA EH5MY UT WOS:000391818400005 PM 27676287 ER PT J AU Schmidt, V Kositz, C Herbinger, KH Carabin, H Ngowi, B Naman, E Wilkins, PP Noh, J Matuja, W Winkler, AS AF Schmidt, Veronika Kositz, Christian Herbinger, Karl-Heinz Carabin, Helene Ngowi, Bernard Naman, Ezra Wilkins, Patricia P. Noh, John Matuja, William Winkler, Andrea Sylvia TI Association between Taenia solium infection and HIV/AIDS in northern Tanzania: a matched cross sectional-study SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY LA English DT Article DE Taenia solium; Taeniosis; Cysticercosis; Neurocysticercosis; HIV; AIDS; Co-infection; Helminth; Tapeworm; Prevalence ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS HIV; PORCINE CYSTICERCOSIS; RURAL TANZANIA; EASTERN ZAMBIA; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; EPILEPSY AB Background: The frequency of Taenia solium, a zoonotic helminth, is increasing in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa, where the prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also high. However, little is known about how these two infections interact. The aim of this study was to compare the proportion of HIV positive (+) and negative (-) individuals who are infected with Taenia solium (TSOL) and who present with clinical and neurological manifestations of cysticercosis (CC). Methods: In northern Tanzania, 170 HIV+ individuals and 170 HIV-controls matched for gender, age and village of origin were recruited. HIV staging and serological tests for TSOL antibodies (Ab) and antigen (Ag) were performed. Neurocysticercosis (NCC) was determined by computed tomography (CT) using standard diagnostic criteria. Neurological manifestations were confirmed by a standard neurological examination. In addition, demographic, clinical and neuroimaging data were collected. Further, CD4(+) cell counts as well as information on highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) were noted. Results: No significant differences between HIV+ and HIV-individuals regarding the sero-prevalence of taeniosis-Ab (0.6% vs 1.2%), CC-Ab (2.4% vs 2.4%) and CC-Ag (0.6% vs 0.0%) were detected. A total of six NCC cases (3 HIV+ and 3 HIV-) were detected in the group of matched participants. Two individuals (1 HIV+ and 1 HIV-) presented with headaches as the main symptom for NCC, and four with asymptomatic NCC. Among the HIV+ group, TSOL was not associated with CD4(+) cell counts, HAART duration or HIV stage. Conclusions: This study found lower prevalence of taeniosis, CC and NCC than had been reported in the region to date. This low level of infection may have resulted in an inability to find cross-sectional associations between HIV status and TSOL infection or NCC. Larger sample sizes will be required in future studies conducted in that area to conclude if HIV influences the way NCC manifests itself. C1 [Schmidt, Veronika; Kositz, Christian; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia] Tech Univ Munich, Klinikum Rechts Isar, Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Ismaninger Str 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany. [Herbinger, Karl-Heinz] Univ Munich, Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis & Trop Med DITM, Munich, Germany. [Carabin, Helene] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Ngowi, Bernard] Natl Inst Med Res, Muhimbili Med Res Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Naman, Ezra] Haydom Lutheran Hosp, HIV Care & Treatment Ctr, Haydom, Tanzania. [Wilkins, Patricia P.; Noh, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Matuja, William] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Neurol, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Winkler, Andrea Sylvia] Univ Oslo, Ctr Global Hlth, Oslo, Norway. RP Schmidt, V (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Klinikum Rechts Isar, Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Ismaninger Str 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany. EM veronika.schmidt@tum.de FU DFG (German Research Foundation) [BR3752/1-1] FX This study was funded by the DFG (German Research Foundation) within the research grant (BR3752/1-1) "Neurocysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa". The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2049-9957 J9 INFECT DIS POVERTY JI Infect. Dis. Poverty PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 5 DI 10.1186/s40249-016-0209-7 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EH3VA UT WOS:000391698900001 PM 27903304 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Sanders, JH Denison, AM Muehlenbachs, A Zaki, SR AF Paddock, Christopher D. Sanders, Jeanine H. Denison, Amy M. Muehlenbachs, Atis Zaki, Sherif R. TI Routine argyrophil techniques detect Rickettsia rickettsii in tissues of patients with fatal Rocky Mountain spotted fever SO JOURNAL OF HISTOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Argyrophil; Dieterle's; Rickettsia rickettsii; Steiner; Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Warthin-Starry ID UNITED-STATES; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; INFECTION; DISEASE; MEXICO; PREDICTORS; ARGENTINA; SPECIMENS; DIAGNOSIS; PANAMA AB Rickettsia rickettsii, a bacterial tickborne pathogen that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), stains poorly or not at all with conventional tissue Gram techniques, and contemporary visualization of the pathogen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues has relied almost entirely on immunohistochemical staining methods that are generally limited to specialized research laboratories or national reference centers. To our knowledge, previously described argyrophil-based histochemical techniques have not successfully detected rickettsiae in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. To investigate the ability of standard silver impregnation techniques to demonstrate the occurrence and distribution of R. rickettsii in tissues of patients with RMSF confirmed by molecular and immunohistochemical methods, three widely recognized and commercially available silver impregnation methods (Warthin-Starry, Steiner, and Dieterle's) were applied to various tissues obtained at autopsy from 10 patients with fatal RMSF. R. rickettsii bacteria were demonstrated in one or more tissues of all patients, using each of the argyrophil-based methods, and appeared as small, dark brown-to-black lanceolate rods, often in pairs and occasionally surrounded by a faint halo. Rickettsiae were identified most consistently in small arteries and arterioles of liver, kidney, and leptomeninges, and were localized predominantly to the cytoplasm of endothelial cells and less often within the internal elastic lamella and smooth muscle of the media. This validation of argyrophilic techniques to detect R. rickettsii demonstrates the utility of inexpensive core histochemical methods in the diagnosis of infectious agents in pathology specimens and may have utility in certain resource-limited settings where RMSF is endemic. C1 [Paddock, Christopher D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mailstop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sanders, Jeanine H.; Denison, Amy M.; Muehlenbachs, Atis; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mailstop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdp9@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0147-8885 EI 2046-0236 J9 J HISTOTECHNOL JI J. Histotechnol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 116 EP 122 DI 10.1080/01478885.2016.1196868 PG 7 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA EH1WI UT WOS:000391558000004 ER PT J AU Richardson, LC AF Richardson, Lisa C. TI Improving Breast Cancer Outcomes Through Patient Navigation SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIAGNOSIS C1 [Richardson, Lisa C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS F-76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Richardson, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS F-76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lfr8@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 EI 1931-843X J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1193 EP 1194 DI 10.1089/jwh.2016.6222 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA EH1DA UT WOS:000391502600001 PM 27870596 ER PT J AU D'Inverno, AS Kearns, MC Reidy, DE AF D'Inverno, Ashley Schappell Kearns, Megan C. Reidy, Dennis E. TI The Potential Role of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Programs in Reducing Teen Dating Violence and Intimate Partner Violence SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article DE intimate partner violence; teen dating violence; policy ID INTERVENTION; WOMEN AB Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) are growing fields that provide job stability, financial security, and health prosperity for professionals in these fields. Unfortunately, females are underrepresented in STEM, which is potentially both a consequence and precipitant of gender inequity in the United States. In addition to the financial and health benefits, increasing the number of girls and women in STEM fields may also indirectly prevent and/or reduce teen dating violence and intimate partner violence by: (1) increasing women's financial independence, thereby reducing dependence on potentially abusive partners; (2) decreasing household poverty and financial stress, which may lead to reductions in relationship discord; and (3) increasing attitudes and beliefs about women as equals, thereby increasing gender equity. In this commentary, we discuss the potential role of primary and secondary school STEM programs in reducing violence against women. We review the literature on existing evaluations of STEM programs for educational outcomes, discuss the limitations of these evaluations, and offer suggestions for future research. C1 [D'Inverno, Ashley Schappell; Kearns, Megan C.; Reidy, Dennis E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS F-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP D'Inverno, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS F-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lyi5@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 EI 1931-843X J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1199 EP 1203 DI 10.1089/jwh.2016.6213 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA EH1DA UT WOS:000391502600004 PM 27982745 ER PT J AU Phillips-Bell, GS Sappenfield, W Robbins, CL Hernandez, L AF Phillips-Bell, Ghasi S. Sappenfield, William Robbins, Cheryl L. Hernandez, Leticia TI Chronic Diseases and Use of Contraception Among Women at Risk of Unintended Pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular health; contraception; diabetes; epidemiology; reproductive health ID CHRONIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS; CHRONIC HYPERTENSION; PRECONCEPTION CARE; OBESE WOMEN; HEALTH-CARE; OUTCOMES; PREECLAMPSIA; SYSTEM; ASTHMA AB Background: Womenwith chronic diseases are at increased risk of having unintended pregnancies. Little is known whether chronic diseases are associated with increased likelihood of effective/highly effective contraceptive use. Methods: We analyzed 2008-2010 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for women aged 18-44 years who were at risk of unintended pregnancy. Multivariable Poisson regression estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for contraceptive use in relation to diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and current asthma. We assessed the association of chronic disease status with use of three different contraception outcomes: (1) any method versus none, (2) less effective methods (methods associated with >= 10 unintended pregnancies/100 women/year) versus none, and (3) effective/highly effective methods (< 10 unintended pregnancies/100 women/year) versus none. Results: Among 4473 women at risk for unintended pregnancy, 87% were using any method of contraception (22.5% less effective methods and 64.5% effective/highly effective methods). Women with CVD were more likely than those without CVD to use any contraception (aPR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.15), less effective (aPR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.70), and effective/highly effective (aPR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.19) contraception. Women with diabetes were more likely to use less effective methods than women without diabetes (aPR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.72). No significant associations were observed for asthma, regardless of contraceptive effectiveness. Conclusions: Self-reported use of effective/highly effective contraception was higher than nonuse or use of less effective methods among all women at risk of unintended pregnancy, but could be improved, especially among women with chronic diseases. C1 [Phillips-Bell, Ghasi S.; Hernandez, Leticia] Florida Dept Hlth, Div Community Hlth Promot, 4052 Bald Cypress Way Bin A13, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Phillips-Bell, Ghasi S.; Robbins, Cheryl L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sappenfield, William] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. RP Phillips-Bell, GS (reprint author), Florida Dept Hlth, Div Community Hlth Promot, 4052 Bald Cypress Way Bin A13, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. EM ghasi.phillips-bell@flhealth.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Florida Department of Health; College of Public Health, University of South Florida FX G.P.-B. has no conflicts of interest and was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Florida Department of Health. W.S. has no conflicts of interest and was supported by the College of Public Health, University of South Florida and originally the Florida Department of Health. C.R. has no conflicts of interest and was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. L.H. has no conflicts of interest and was supported by the Florida Department of Health. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 EI 1931-843X J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1262 EP 1269 DI 10.1089/jwh.2015.5576 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA EH1DA UT WOS:000391502600012 PM 27295335 ER PT J AU Mbulo, L Palipudi, KM Andes, L Morton, J Bashir, R Fouad, H Ramanandraibe, N Caixeta, R Dias, RC Wijnhoven, TMA Kashiwabara, M Sinha, DN d'Espaignet, ET AF Mbulo, Lazarous Palipudi, Krishna Mohan Andes, Linda Morton, Jeremy Bashir, Rizwan Fouad, Heba Ramanandraibe, Nivo Caixeta, Roberta Dias, Rula Cavaco Wijnhoven, Trudy M. A. Kashiwabara, Mina Sinha, Dhirendra N. d'Espaignet, Edouard Tursan CA GATS Collaborative Grp TI Secondhand smoke exposure at home among one billion children in 21 countries: findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HAND SMOKE; ASSOCIATION; TRENDS; POLICY AB Objective Children are vulnerable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure because of limited control over their indoor environment. Homes remain the major place where children may be exposed to SHS. Our study examines the magnitude, patterns and determinants of SHS exposure in the home among children in 21 countries (19 low-income and middle-income countries and 2 high-income countries). Methods Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data, a household survey of people 15 years of age or older. Data collected during 2009-2013 were analysed to estimate the proportion of children exposed to SHS in the home. GATS estimates and 2012 United Nations population projections for 2015 were also used to estimate the number of children exposed to SHS in the home. Results The proportion of children younger than 15 years of age exposed to SHS in the home ranged from 4.5% (Panama) to 79.0% (Indonesia). Of the approximately one billion children younger than 15 years of age living in the 21 countries under study, an estimated 507.74 million were exposed to SHS in the home. China, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia and the Philippines accounted for almost 84.6% of the children exposed to SHS. The prevalence of SHS exposure was higher in countries with higher adult smoking rates and was also higher in rural areas than in urban areas, in most countries. Conclusions A large number of children were exposed to SHS in the home. Encouraging of voluntary smoke-free rules in homes and cessation in adults has the potential to reduce SHS exposure among children and prevent SHS-related diseases and deaths. C1 [Mbulo, Lazarous; Palipudi, Krishna Mohan; Andes, Linda; Morton, Jeremy; Bashir, Rizwan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth Global Tobacco Control Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fouad, Heba] World Hlth Org, Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt. [Ramanandraibe, Nivo] World Hlth Org, Reg Off Africa, Brazzaville, Rep Congo. [Caixeta, Roberta] World Hlth Org, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. [Dias, Rula Cavaco; Wijnhoven, Trudy M. A.] WHO Reg Off Europe, Div Noncommunicable Dis & Promoting Hlth Life Cou, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Kashiwabara, Mina] World Hlth Org, Reg Off Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. [Sinha, Dhirendra N.] World Hlth Org, Reg Off South East Asia, New Delhi, India. [d'Espaignet, Edouard Tursan] World Hlth Org, Tobacco Free Initiat, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Mbulo, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vyp7@cdc.gov FU Bloomberg Philanthropies' Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Ministry of Health in Greece; Ministry of Health in India; Ministry of Health in Malaysia; Ministry of Health in Panama; Ministry of Health in Qatar; Ministry of Health in Thailand FX GATS was supported by the Bloomberg Philanthropies' Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Ministries of Health in Greece, India, Malaysia, Panama, Qatar and Thailand. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 EI 1468-3318 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD DEC PY 2016 VL 25 IS E2 BP E95 EP E100 DI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052693 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EH0FI UT WOS:000391438200006 PM 26869598 ER PT J AU Nahar, VK Rosenthal, M Lemon, SC Holman, DM Watson, M Hillhouse, JJ Pagoto, SL AF Nahar, Vinayak K. Rosenthal, Meagen Lemon, Stephenie C. Holman, Dawn M. Watson, Meg Hillhouse, Joel J. Pagoto, Sherry L. TI Characteristics and Practices of Adults Who Use Tanning Beds in Private Residences SO JAMA DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Nahar, Vinayak K.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Jackson, MS USA. [Nahar, Vinayak K.] Lincoln Mem Univ, Sch Allied Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth Phys Educ & Exercise Sci, Harrogate, TN USA. [Nahar, Vinayak K.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Appl Sci, Dept Hlth Exercise Sci & Recreat Management, University, MS 38677 USA. [Rosenthal, Meagen] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharm Adm, University, MS 38677 USA. [Lemon, Stephenie C.; Pagoto, Sherry L.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Prevent & Behav Med, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. [Holman, Dawn M.; Watson, Meg] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hillhouse, Joel J.] East Tennessee State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Behav Hlth, Johnson City, TN USA. RP Pagoto, SL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Prevent & Behav Med, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. EM sherry.pagoto@umassmed.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K24 HL124366] NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-6068 EI 2168-6084 J9 JAMA DERMATOL JI JAMA Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 152 IS 12 BP 1383 EP 1385 DI 10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.3111 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA EG8FR UT WOS:000391291900020 PM 27653547 ER PT J AU Enger, KS Leak, ES Aw, TG Coulliette, AD Rose, JB AF Enger, Kyle S. Leak, Emaly S. Aw, Tiong Gim Coulliette, Angela D. Rose, Joan B. TI Antibacterial and antiviral effectiveness of two household water treatment devices that use monobrominated hydantoinylated polystyrene SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE developing countries; drinking water; MS2; Salmonella; sewage; Vibrio cholerae ID DRINKING-WATER; DISINFECTANT; DIARRHEA AB Many different household water treatment (HWT) methods have been researched and promoted to mitigate the serious burden of diarrheal disease in developing countries. However, HWT methods using bromine have not been extensively evaluated. Two gravity-fed HWT devices (AquaSure (TM) and Waterbird (TM)) were used to test the antimicrobial effectiveness of HaloPure (R) Br beads 9monobrominated hydantoinylated polystyrene) that deliver bromine. As water flows over the beads, reactive bromine species are eluted, which inactivate microorganisms. To assess log(10) reduction values (LRVs) for Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, bacteriophage MS2, human adenovirus 2 (HAdV2), and murine norovirus 9MN), these organisms were added to potable water and sewage-contaminated water. These organisms were quantified before and after water treatment by the HWT devices. On average, 6 LRVs against Vibrio were attained, as well as 5 LRVs against Salmonella, 4 LRVs against MS2, 5 LRVs against HAdV2, and 3 LRVs against MN. Disinfection was similar regardless of whether sewage was present. Polymer beads delivering bromine to drinking water are a potentially effective and useful component of HWT methods in developing countries. C1 [Enger, Kyle S.] Blue Cross Blue Shield Michigan, 232 S Capitol Ave,Mail Code L05F, Lansing, MI 48933 USA. [Leak, Emaly S.] Chobani LLC, 669 Cty Rd 25, New Berlin, NY 13411 USA. [Aw, Tiong Gim] Tulane Univ, Dept Global Environm Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, 1440 Canal St,Suite 2100, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Coulliette, Angela D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, CDC OID NCIRD DVD, CLFT Bldg 17,Ropm 6044,MS G-17, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Rose, Joan B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd,Room 13, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Enger, KS (reprint author), Blue Cross Blue Shield Michigan, 232 S Capitol Ave,Mail Code L05F, Lansing, MI 48933 USA. EM engerkyl@msu.edu FU HaloSource, Inc., makers of HaloPure(R) beads FX This work was supported by a grant from HaloSource, Inc., makers of HaloPure (R) beads. Although this represents a potential conflict of interest, we attest that HaloSource, Inc. did not influence the design of the study, the results, or the decision to publish the results. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 14 IS 6 BP 950 EP 960 DI 10.2166/wh.2016.153 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA EG8IT UT WOS:000391300800007 PM 27959873 ER PT J AU Fang, J Zhao, GX Wang, GJ Ayala, C Loustalot, F AF Fang, Jing Zhao, Guixiang Wang, Guijing Ayala, Carma Loustalot, Fleetwood TI Insurance Status Among Adults With Hypertension-The Impact of Underinsurance SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE hypertension; insurance status; underinsured; using antihypertensive medication; visiting doctor office within past year ID AFFORDABLE CARE ACT; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-INSURANCE; US ADULTS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; COVERAGE; AWARENESS; MORTALITY; ACCESS; TRENDS AB Background-Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Health insurance coverage affects hypertension treatment and control, but limited information is available for US adults with hypertension who are classified as underinsured. Methods and Results-Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2013 data, we identified adults with self-reported hypertension. On the basis of self-reported health insurance status and health care-related financial burdens, participants were categorized as uninsured, underinsured, or adequately insured. Proxies for health care received included whether they reported taking antihypertensive medications and whether they visited a doctor for a routine checkup in the past year. We assessed the association between health insurance status and health care received, adjusting for selected sociodemographic characteristics. Among 123 257 participants from 38 states and District of Columbia with self-reported hypertension, 12% were uninsured, 26% were underinsured, and 62% were adequately insured. In adjusted models using adequately insured participants as referent, both uninsured (adjusted odds ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.35-0.43) and underinsured (0.83, 0.76-0.89) participants were less likely to report using antihypertensive medication than those of adequately insured participants. Similarly, adjusted odds ratio of visiting a doctor for routine checkup in the past year were 0.25 (0.23-0.28) for those who were uninsured and 0.78 (0.72-0.84) for those who were underinsured compared to those with adequate insurance. Conclusions-Uninsured and underinsured participants with hypertension were less likely to report receiving care compared to those with adequate insurance coverage. Disparities in health care coverage may necessitate targeted interventions, even among people with health insurance. C1 [Fang, Jing; Zhao, Guixiang; Ayala, Carma; Loustalot, Fleetwood] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS F-72, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Zhao, Guixiang] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Populat Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fang, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS F-72, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jfang@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2047-9980 J9 J AM HEART ASSOC JI J. Am. Heart Assoc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 5 IS 12 AR e004313 DI 10.1161/JAHA.116.004313 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA EG1JF UT WOS:000390787700030 ER PT J AU Tepper, NK Curtis, KM Nanda, K Jamieson, DJ AF Tepper, Naomi K. Curtis, Kathryn M. Nanda, Kavita Jamieson, Denise J. TI Safety of intrauterine devices among women with HIV: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE HIV; Pelvic inflammatory disease; Intrauterine device; Systematic review ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ELECTROSURGICAL EXCISION PROCEDURE; INFECTED WOMEN; HIV-1-INFECTED WOMEN; CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; GENITAL-TRACT; NEOPLASIA; HIV/AIDS AB Background: Use of highly effective contraception among women living with HIV is critical to prevent unintended pregnancy and subsequent risk of maternal complications and perinatal 11W transmission. However, it is not known whether use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) among women with advanced HIV disease poses an increased risk of pelvic infection or IIIV progression and transmission. Objectives: To identify evidence regarding the risk of pelvic infection, HIV disease progression or HIV transmission among women with HIV using IUDs and whether this risk differs by severity of HIV disease. Methods: We searched the PubMed database for all articles published from database inception through January 2016. For the outcome of pelvic infection, we included studies that examined women using IUDs and reported risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (Pm) or pelvic infections among women with varying levels of HIV severity or among women with HIV compared with women without HIV. For the outcomes of HIV disease progression and HIV transmission to noninfected male partners, we included studies of women with HIV using IUDs compared with other contraceptive methods or no method. Results: The review identified eight articles from six study populations which addressed pelvic infections or other IUD-related complications and found mixed results. One study that directly compared women with varying levels of IIW disease severity found no differences in complication rates between those with severe or mild disease after short-and longer-term follow-up. The remaining studies generally found low or no incidence of PM among IUD users. Among eight articles from seven study populations that reported on HIV disease progression, there were generally no differences between women using IUDs compared with other contraceptives, nor were there changes between baseline and follow-up. One article that reported directly on HIV disease transmission to noninfected male partners found no difference in HIV disease transmission, and five articles found no differences in genital viral shedding among women using IUDs. No direct evidence addresses potential differences in HIV disease progression or transmission by HIV disease severity. Conclusion: Limited evidence of fair to poor quality found no differences in infectious complications when comparing IUD complication rates among women with varying levels of HIV disease severity. One study found that IUD use was not associated with HIV transmission, and studies generally found no differences in genital viral shedding or disease progression; however, there was little direct evidence to address potential differences related to HIV severity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tepper, Naomi K.; Curtis, Kathryn M.; Jamieson, Denise J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Nanda, Kavita] FHI 360, Durham, NC USA. RP Tepper, NK (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ntepper@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 713 EP 724 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.06.011 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EE2CR UT WOS:000389391800013 PM 27343750 ER PT J AU Patel, P Bush, T Kojic, EM Overton, ET Henry, K Onen, N Rhame, F Conley, L Brooks, JT Fry, A AF Patel, Pragna Bush, Timothy Kojic, E. Milu Overton, Edgar T. Henry, Keith Onen, Nur Rhame, Frank Conley, Lois Brooks, John T. Fry, Alicia TI Duration of Influenza Virus Shedding Among HIV-Infected Adults in the cART Era, 2010-2011 SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article DE HIV; influenza; shedding ID A VIRUS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT; PANDEMIC H1N1; RESISTANT; OSELTAMIVIR; THERAPY; MORTALITY; ILLNESS AB The duration of influenza virus shedding in HIV-infected adults is unknown and could affect quarantine and treatment recommendations. Participants were monitored for influenza-like illness (ILI), defined as fever and cough or sore throat, using weekly telephone audio computer-assisted self-interviews. Those with ILI were further evaluated at three HIV specialty clinics. For those with influenza, we collected nasopharyngeal washes every 3 days after the date of confirmed influenza infection for 21-28 days; specimens underwent reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral culture. Duration of influenza virus shedding was the interval from the date of onset (day 0) of ILI to the date of last culture-positive specimen. Characteristics were compared between patients with and without influenza using Fisher's exact test. We used the Wilcoxon rank-sum test to examine factors that may have affected influenza virus shedding. From October 2010 to April 2011, we enrolled 961 participants in syndromic surveillance and diagnosed 20 patients with influenza whose characteristics were as follows: median age 48 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 43-53), 60% male, 50% non-Hispanic black, 95% had been prescribed combination highly active antiretroviral therapy (cART), 85% were virologically suppressed (HIV RNA <400 copies/ml), median CD4 cell count 317 cells/mm(3) (IQR: 190-544), and median follow-up time 21 days (IQR: 19-22). Compared with persons without influenza, persons with influenza were more likely to be older, use injection drugs, and have a lower median CD4 cell count and were less likely to have had an influenza vaccination in the past 12 months. Median durations of shedding, PCR detection, and ILI symptoms were 3 (IQR: 0-5), 10 (IQR: 6-15), and 14 days (IQR: 12-26), respectively. Median days of shedding were similar among patients with and without any prior influenza vaccination (0 vs. 4, p=.448), HIV viral suppression (2 vs. 6, p=.053), and oseltamivir use (5 vs. 0, p=.083). HIV-infected persons on cART in our study shed influenza virus for a similar duration as that reported for HIV-uninfected persons. C1 [Patel, Pragna; Bush, Timothy; Conley, Lois; Brooks, John T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kojic, E. Milu] Brown Univ, Dept Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Overton, Edgar T.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Med Sch Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Henry, Keith] Univ Minnesota, Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Onen, Nur] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. [Rhame, Frank] Abbott NW Hosp, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Fry, Alicia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Patel, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM plp3@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1180 EP 1186 DI 10.1089/aid.2015.0349 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA EF8PZ UT WOS:000390592600006 PM 27174191 ER PT J AU Hastey, CJ Boyd, H Schuetz, AN Anderson, K Citron, DM Dzink-Fox, J Hackel, M Hecht, DW Jacobus, NV Jenkins, SG Karlsson, M Knapp, CC Koeth, LM Wexler, H Roe-Carpenter, DE AF Hastey, Christine J. Boyd, Halsey Schuetz, Audrey N. Anderson, Karen Citron, Diane M. Dzink-Fox, Jody Hackel, Meredith Hecht, David W. Jacobus, Nilda V. Jenkins, Stephen G. Karlsson, Maria Knapp, Cynthia C. Koeth, Laura M. Wexler, Hannah Roe-Carpenter, Darcie E. CA Ad Hoc Working Grp Antimicrobial S TI Changes in the antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria from 2007-2009 to 2010-2012 based on the CLSI methodology SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE Antimicrobial susceptibility; Anaerobe; Antibiogram ID RESISTANT BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS; INFECTIONS AB Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic isolates was conducted at four independent sites from 2010 to 2012 and compared to results from three sites during the period of 2007-2009. This data comparison shows significant changes in antimicrobial resistance in some anaerobic groups. Therefore, we continue to recommend institutions regularly perform susceptibility testing when anaerobes are cultured from pertinent sites. Annual generation of an institutional-specific antibiogram is recommended for tracking of resistance trends over time. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hastey, Christine J.; Boyd, Halsey; Roe-Carpenter, Darcie E.] Beckman Coulter Diagnost Inc, 1584 Enterprise Blvd, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. [Schuetz, Audrey N.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Cornell Med Coll, New York, NY USA. [Anderson, Karen; Karlsson, Maria] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Citron, Diane M.] RM Alden Res Lab, Culver City, CA USA. [Dzink-Fox, Jody] Novartis Inst Biomed Res, Cambridge, MA USA. [Hackel, Meredith] Int Hlth Management Associates Inc, Schaumburg, IL USA. [Hecht, David W.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Jacobus, Nilda V.] Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Jenkins, Stephen G.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY USA. [Knapp, Cynthia C.] Thermo Fisher Sci, Cleveland, OH USA. [Koeth, Laura M.] Lab Specialists Inc, Westlake, OH USA. [Wexler, Hannah] UCLA Sch Med, Westwood, CA USA. RP Roe-Carpenter, DE (reprint author), Beckman Coulter Diagnost Inc, 1584 Enterprise Blvd, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. EM decarpenter@beckman.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 EI 1095-8274 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD DEC PY 2016 VL 42 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.07.003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EF9CP UT WOS:000390628600004 PM 27427465 ER PT J AU McCormack, MC Belli, AJ Waugh, D Matsui, EC Peng, RD Williams, DL Paulin, L Saha, A Aloe, CM Diette, GB Breysse, PN Hansel, NN AF McCormack, Meredith C. Belli, Andrew J. Waugh, Darryn Matsui, Elizabeth C. Peng, Roger D. Williams, D'Ann L. Paulin, Laura Saha, Anik Aloe, Charles M. Diette, Gregory B. Breysse, Patrick N. Hansel, Nadia N. TI Respiratory Effects of Indoor Heat and the Interaction with Air Pollution in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease SO ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Rationale: There is limited evidence of the effect of exposure to heat on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) morbidity, and the interactive effect between indoor heat and air pollution has not been established. Objectives: To determine the effect of indoor and outdoor heat exposure onCOPDmorbidity and to determine whether air pollution concentrations modify the effect of temperature. Methods: Sixty-nine participants with COPD were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study, and data from the 601 participant days that occurred during the warm weather season were included in the analysis. Participants completed home environmental monitoring with measurement of temperature, relative humidity, and indoor air pollutants and simultaneous daily assessment of respiratory health with questionnaires and portable spirometry. Measurements and Main Results: Participants had moderate to severe COPD and spent the majority of their time indoors. Increases in maximal indoor temperature were associated with worsening of daily Breathlessness, Cough, and Sputum Scale scores and increases in rescue inhaler use. The effect was detected on the same day and lags of 1 and 2 days. The detrimental effect of temperature on these outcomes increased with higher concentrations of indoor fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide (P<0.05 for interaction terms). On days during which participants went outdoors, increases in maximal daily outdoor temperature were associated with increases in Breathlessness, Cough, and Sputum Scale scores after adjusting for outdoor pollution concentrations. Conclusions: For patients with COPD who spend the majority of their time indoors, indoor heat exposure during the warmer months represents a modifiable environmental exposure that may contribute to respiratory morbidity. In the context of climate change, adaptive strategies that include optimization of indoor environmental conditions are needed to protect this high-risk group from the adverse health effects of heat. C1 [McCormack, Meredith C.; Belli, Andrew J.; Paulin, Laura; Saha, Anik; Diette, Gregory B.; Hansel, Nadia N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Matsui, Elizabeth C.; Aloe, Charles M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Allergy & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [McCormack, Meredith C.; Williams, D'Ann L.; Diette, Gregory B.; Breysse, Patrick N.; Hansel, Nadia N.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Peng, Roger D.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Waugh, Darryn] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Peng, Roger D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH ATSDR, Mail Stop F61,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McCormack, MC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Pulm & Crit Care Med, 1830 East Monument St,5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM mmccor16@jhmi.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) [R21ES024021, R21ES015781, R21ES025840, R01 ES022607, R01ES019560, R01 ES023500]; NIH-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [K24AI114769]; NIEHS/Environmental Protection Agency [P50ES015903/RD83213901, P01ES018176/RD83451001]; NIH-National Institute on Minority and Health Disparities (NIMHD) [P50 MD010431/RD83615201]; Johns Hopkins Environment, Energy, Sustainability, and Health Institutes FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) (R21ES024021 [M.C.M.], R21ES015781 [N.N.H.], R21ES025840 [M.C.M.], R01 ES022607 [N.N.H.], R01ES019560 [R.D.P.], and R01 ES023500 [N.N.H.]), the NIH-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (K24AI114769 [E.C.M.]), the NIEHS/Environmental Protection Agency (P50ES015903/RD83213901 [E.C.M. and G.B.D] and P01ES018176/RD83451001 [M.C.M., R.D.P., and N.N.H.]), the NIH-National Institute on Minority and Health Disparities (NIMHD) (P50 MD010431/RD83615201 [M.C.M., R.D.P., and N.N.H.]), and a Johns Hopkins Environment, Energy, Sustainability, and Health Institutes Faculty Award (M.C.M.). NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1546-3222 EI 2325-6621 J9 ANN AM THORAC SOC JI Ann. Am. Thoracic Society PD DEC PY 2016 VL 13 IS 12 BP 2125 EP 2131 DI 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201605-329OC PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA EF9OF UT WOS:000390658800008 PM 27684429 ER PT J AU Auld, SC Lee, SH Click, ES Miramontes, R Day, CL Gandhi, NR Heilig, CM AF Auld, Sara C. Lee, Scott H. Click, Eleanor S. Miramontes, Roque Day, Cheryl L. Gandhi, Neel R. Heilig, Charles M. TI IFN-gamma Release Assay Result Is Associated with Disease Site and Death in Active Tuberculosis SO ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Rationale: The IFN-gamma release assays and tuberculin skin tests are used to support the diagnosis of both latent and active tuberculosis. However, we previously demonstrated that a negative tuberculin test in active tuberculosis is associated with disseminated disease and death. It is unknown whether the same associations exist for IFN-gamma release assays. Objectives: To determine the association between these tests and site of tuberculosis and death among persons with active tuberculosis. Methods: We analyzed IFN-gamma release assays and tuberculin test results for all persons with culture-confirmed tuberculosis reported to the U. S. National Tuberculosis Surveillance System from 2010 to 2014. Weused logistic regression to calculate the association between these tests and site of disease and death. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 24,803 persons with culture-confirmed tuberculosis had either of these test results available for analysis. Persons with a positive tuberculin test had lower odds of disseminated disease (i.e., miliary or combined pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease), but there was no difference in the odds of disseminated disease with a positive IFN-gamma release assay. However, persons who were positive to either of these tests had lower odds of death. An indeterminate IFN-gamma release assay result was associated with greater odds of both disseminated disease and death. Conclusions: Despite perceived equivalence in clinical practice, IFN-gamma release assays and tuberculin test results have different associations with tuberculosis site, yet similar associations with the risk of death. Furthermore, an indeterminate IFN-gamma release assay result in a person with active tuberculosis is not unimportant, and rather carries greater odds of disseminated disease and death. Prospective study may improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which these tests are associated with disease localization and death. C1 [Auld, Sara C.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lee, Scott H.; Heilig, Charles M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Click, Eleanor S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV TB, Atlanta, GA USA. [Miramontes, Roque] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Day, Cheryl L.] Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Day, Cheryl L.] Emory Univ, Dept Microbiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gandhi, Neel R.] Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gandhi, Neel R.] Emory Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gandhi, Neel R.] Emory Univ, Dept Med, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gandhi, Neel R.] Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Auld, SC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 615 Michael St,NE Suite 205, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM sauld@emory.edu RI Day, Cheryl/J-9844-2012 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute [UL1 TR000454] FX Supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and in part by UL1 TR000454 from the Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute. No direct funding was received for this study. No funding bodies had any role in the study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions of this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1546-3222 EI 2325-6621 J9 ANN AM THORAC SOC JI Ann. Am. Thoracic Society PD DEC PY 2016 VL 13 IS 12 BP 2151 EP 2158 DI 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201606-482OC PG 8 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA EF9OF UT WOS:000390658800011 PM 27580246 ER PT J AU Welch, SR Guerrero, LW Chakrabarti, AK McMullan, LK Flint, M Bluemling, GR Painter, GR Nichol, ST Spiropoulou, CF Albarino, CG AF Welch, Stephen R. Guerrero, Lisa Wiggleton Chakrabarti, Ayan K. McMullan, Laura K. Flint, Mike Bluemling, Gregory R. Painter, George R. Nichol, Stuart T. Spiropoulou, Christina F. Albarino, Cesar G. TI Lassa and Ebola virus inhibitors identified using minigenome and recombinant virus reporter systems SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-THROUGHPUT; HEPATITIS-C; MARBURG-VIRUS; REPLICATION; FEVER; TRANSCRIPTION; RIBAVIRIN; ENTRY; BETA-D-2'-DEOXY-2'-FLUORO-2'-C-METHYLCYTIDINE; POLYMERASE AB Lassa virus (LASV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) infections are important global health issues resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. While several promising drug and vaccine trials for EBOV are ongoing, options for LASV infection are currently limited to ribavirin treatment. A major factor impeding the development of antiviral compounds to treat these infections is the need to manipulate the virus under BSL-4 containment, limiting research to a few institutes worldwide. Here we describe the development of a novel LASV minigenome assay based on the ambisense LASV S segment genome, with authentic terminal untranslated regions flanking a ZsGreen (ZsG) fluorescent reporter protein and a Gaussia princeps luciferase (gLuc) reporter gene. This assay, along with a similar previously established EBOV minigenome, was optimized for high-throughput screening (HTS) of potential antiviral compounds under BSL-2 containment. In addition, we rescued a recombinant LASV expressing ZsG, which, in conjunction with a recombinant EBOV reporter virus, was used to confirm any potential antiviral hits in vitro. Combining an initial screen to identify potential antiviral compounds at BSL-2 containment before progressing to HTS with infectious virus will reduce the amount of expensive and technically challenging BSL-4 containment research. Using these assays, we identified 6-azauridine as having anti-LASV activity, and demonstrated its anti-EBOV activity in human cells. We further identified 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine as having potent anti-LASV activity, with an EC50 value 10 times lower than that of ribavirin. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Welch, Stephen R.; Guerrero, Lisa Wiggleton; Chakrabarti, Ayan K.; McMullan, Laura K.; Flint, Mike; Nichol, Stuart T.; Spiropoulou, Christina F.; Albarino, Cesar G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MG G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Bluemling, Gregory R.; Painter, George R.] Emory Univ, Emory Inst Drug Dev, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Albarino, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MG G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM bwu4@cdc.gov FU Research Participation Program at the CDC FX We thank Florine Scholte and Eric Bergeron for their technical assistance, and Tatyana Klimova for assistance with editing this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC. Steve Welch holds a fellowship supported by the Research Participation Program at the CDC administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and CDC. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 EI 1872-9096 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 136 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.10.007 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA EG0TP UT WOS:000390745400002 PM 27771389 ER PT J AU Gurale, BP He, Y Cui, XK Dinh, H Dhawane, AN Lucchi, NW Udhayakumar, V Iyer, SS AF Gurale, Bharat P. He, Yun Cui, Xikai Dinh, Hieu Dhawane, Abasaheb N. Lucchi, Naomi W. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Iyer, Suri S. TI Toward the Development of the Next Generation of a Rapid Diagnostic Test: Synthesis of Glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) Analogues of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunological Characterization SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL ANCHORS; CONVERGENT SYNTHESIS; CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS; MALARIA; VACCINE; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; IMMUNITY; REGION; ACID AB A large number of proteins in malaria parasites are anchored using glycophosphatidylinositols (GPIs) with lipid tails. These GPIs are structurally distinct from human GPIs. Plasmodium falciparum GPIs have been considered as potential vaccine candidates because these molecules are involved in inducing inflammatory responses in human hosts, and natural anti-GPI antibody responses have been shown to be associated with protection against severe disease. GPIs can also be considered as targets for rapid diagnostic tests. Because isolation of native GPIs in large quantities is challenging, development of synthetic GPI molecules can facilitate further exploration of GPI molecules for diagnostics. Here, we report synthesis and immunological characterization of a panel of malaria-specific GPI analogues. A total of three GPI analogues were chemically synthesized and conjugated to a carrier protein to immunize and generate antibodies in rabbits. The rabbit immune sera showed reactivity with synthetic GPIs and native GPIs extracted from P. falciparum parasite, as determined by Luminex and ELISA methods. C1 [Gurale, Bharat P.; Cui, Xikai; Dinh, Hieu; Dhawane, Abasaheb N.; Iyer, Suri S.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Diagnost & Therapeut, 788 Petit Sci Ctr,161 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [He, Yun] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Lucchi, Naomi W.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Iyer, SS (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Diagnost & Therapeut, 788 Petit Sci Ctr,161 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM siyer@gsu.edu FU Office of the Vice President of Research, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA FX We are grateful to the Office of the Vice President of Research, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA for funding. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2886 EP 2899 DI 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00542 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA EG0NH UT WOS:000390729000012 PM 27792303 ER PT J AU Kawwass, JF Kulkarni, AD Hipp, HS Crawford, S Kissin, DM Jamieson, DJ AF Kawwass, Jennifer F. Kulkarni, Aniket D. Hipp, Heather S. Crawford, Sara Kissin, Dmitry M. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Extremities of body mass index and their association with pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilization in the United States SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE IVF; miscarriage; outcomes; preterm; underweight ID ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TREATMENT; PRETERM BIRTH; LIVE BIRTH; WEIGHT; RISK; CYCLES; BMI; OVERWEIGHT; IMPACT AB Objective: To investigate the associations among underweight body mass index (BMI), pregnancy, and obstetric outcomes among women using assisted reproductive technology (ART). Design: Retrospective cohort study using national data and log binomial regression. Setting: Not applicable. Patient(s): Women undergoing IVF in the United States from 2008 to 2013. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Pregnancy outcomes (intrauterine pregnancy, live birth rates) per transfer, miscarriage rate per pregnancy, and low birth weight and preterm delivery rates among singleton and twin pregnancies. Result(s): For all fresh autologous in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles in the United States from 2008 to 2013 (n = 494,097 cycles, n = 402,742 transfers, n = 180,855 pregnancies) reported to the national ART Surveillance System, compared with normal weight women, underweight women had a statistically significant decreased chance of intrauterine pregnancy (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-0.99) and live birth (aRR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98) per transfer. Obese women also had a statistically decreased likelihood of both (aRR 0.94; 95% CI, 0.94-0.95; aRR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.86-0.88, respectively). Among cycles resulting in singleton pregnancy, both underweight and obese statuses were associated with increased risk of low birth weight (aRR 1.39; 95% CI, 1.25-1.54, aRR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.20-1.33, respectively) and preterm delivery (aRR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.23, aRR 1.42; 95% CI, 1.36-1.48, respectively). The association between underweight status and miscarriage was not statistically significant (aRR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.98-1.11). In contrast, obesity was associated with a statistically significantly increased miscarriage risk (aRR 1.23; 95% CI, 1.20-1.26). Conclusion(s): Among women undergoing IVF, prepregnancy BMI affects pregnancy and obstetric outcomes. Underweight status may have a limited impact on pregnancy and live-birth rates, but it is associated with increased preterm and low-birth-weight delivery risk. Obesity negatively impacts all ART and obstetric outcomes investigated. (C) 2016 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine. C1 [Kawwass, Jennifer F.; Hipp, Heather S.; Kissin, Dmitry M.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kawwass, Jennifer F.; Kulkarni, Aniket D.; Hipp, Heather S.; Crawford, Sara; Kissin, Dmitry M.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kawwass, JF (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, 550 Peachtree St,Suite 1800, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA.; Kawwass, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 550 Peachtree St,Suite 1800, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. EM jennifer.kawwass@emory.edu OI Hipp, Heather/0000-0002-1089-3928 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 EI 1556-5653 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 106 IS 7 BP 1742 EP 1750 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.08.028 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA EF9RU UT WOS:000390668400030 PM 27666564 ER PT J AU Alexiev, I Shankar, A Dimitrova, R Gancheva, A Kostadinova, A Teoharov, P Golkocheva, E Nikolova, M Muhtarova, M Elenkov, I Stoycheva, M Nikolova, D Varleva, T Switzer, WM AF Alexiev, Ivailo Shankar, Anupama Dimitrova, Reneta Gancheva, Anna Kostadinova, Asia Teoharov, Pavel Golkocheva, Elitsa Nikolova, Maria Muhtarova, Mariya Elenkov, Ivaylo Stoycheva, Mariyana Nikolova, Daniela Varleva, Tonka Switzer, William M. TI Origin and spread of HIV-1 in persons who inject drugs in Bulgaria SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE HIV; Molecular epidemiology; Injection drug use; Subtype; Drug resistance; Hepatitis ID ROMA GYPSY MEN; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK BEHAVIOR; PREVALENCE; RESISTANCE; PREDICTORS; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; USERS; HCV AB Increased HIV transmission in persons who inject drugs (PWIDs) has led to subepidemics and outbreaks in several countries in Europe, including Bulgaria. In this study in Bulgaria, we investigate the origin and spatiotemporal evolutionary history of HIV-1 infections in PWIDs and the distribution of antiretroviral resistance mutations and hepatitis co-infections in these populations. We analyzed HIV-1 polymerase sequences available from 117 of 359 PWIDs diagnosed with HIV/AIDS from1999 to 2011. Of these, 50 (42.7%) were classified as CRF02_AG, 41 (35.0%) CRF01_AE, 12 (10.3%) URFs, ten (8.5%) subtype B, two (1.7%) subtype F1 and two (1.7%) CRF14_BG. Most recent common ancestor dating suggests that CRF01_AE was likely first introduced from Southeast Asia into persons reporting heterosexual infection in Bulgaria in 1992 and spread subsequently to PWIDs in the capital city of Sofia around 2003. Conversely, CRF02_AG in Bulgaria was likely first introduced into PWID from Germany in 2000 and later entered heterosexual populations around 2009. The overall prevalence of resistance mutations was 6.8% (8/117), of which 5.1% (5/117) was observed in patients on antiretroviral therapy and 1.7% (2/117) was from transmitted drug resistance mutations in drug-naive individuals. 189/204 (92.6%) PWIDs were also co-infected with hepatitis C (HCV) and 31/183 (16.9%) were co-infected with hepatitis B (HBV). Our study provides valuable molecular epidemiological information on the introduction and distribution of the main HIV-1 subtypes, resistance mutations and hepatitis co-infections among PWIDs with HIV-1 in Bulgaria which can be used to target prevention efforts. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alexiev, Ivailo; Dimitrova, Reneta; Gancheva, Anna; Kostadinova, Asia] Natl Ctr Infect & Parasit Dis, Natl Reference Lab HIV, 44a Gen N Stoletov Blvd, Sofia 1233, Bulgaria. [Shankar, Anupama; Switzer, William M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Teoharov, Pavel; Golkocheva, Elitsa] Natl Ctr Infect & Parasit Dis, Natl Reference Lab Hepatitis, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Nikolova, Maria; Muhtarova, Mariya] Natl Ctr Infect & Parasit Dis, Natl Reference Lab Immunol, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Elenkov, Ivaylo] Hosp Infect & Parasit Dis, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Stoycheva, Mariyana] Med Univ, Dept Infect Dis, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. [Nikolova, Daniela] Med Univ, Clin Infect Dis, Varna, Bulgaria. [Varleva, Tonka] Minist Hlth, Program Prevent & Control HIV AIDS, Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Alexiev, I (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect & Parasit Dis, Natl Reference Lab HIV, 44a Gen N Stoletov Blvd, Sofia 1233, Bulgaria. EM ivoalexiev@yahoo.com NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 46 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.05.029 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EF6QP UT WOS:000390456000036 PM 27221346 ER PT J AU Rosen, T Clark, S Bloemen, EM Mulcare, MR Stern, ME Hall, JE Flomenbaum, NE Lachs, MS Eachempati, SR AF Rosen, Tony Clark, Sunday Bloemen, Elizabeth M. Mulcare, Mary R. Stern, Michael E. Hall, Jeffrey E. Flomenbaum, Neal E. Lachs, Mark S. Eachempati, Soumitra R. TI Geriatric assault victims treated at US trauma centers: Five-year analysis of the national trauma data bank SO INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED LA English DT Article DE Violence; Assault; Elder abuse; Geriatric trauma ID OLDER-ADULTS; BRAIN-INJURY; ELDER ABUSE; MAXILLOFACIAL INJURIES; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; FACIAL FRACTURES; UNITED-STATES; LEVEL I; MORTALITY; HEAD AB Introduction: While geriatric trauma patients have begun to receive increased attention, little research has investigated assault-related injuries among older adults. Our goal was to describe characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of geriatric assault victims and compare them both to geriatric victims of accidental injury and younger assault victims. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the 2008-2012 National Trauma Data Bank. We identified cases of assault-related injury admitted to trauma centers in patients aged >= 60 using the variable "intent of injury." Results: 3564 victims of assault-related injury in patients aged >= 60 were identified and compared to 200,194 geriatric accident victims and 94,511 assault victims aged 18-59. Geriatric assault victims were more likely than geriatric accidental injury victims to be male (81% vs. 47%) and were younger than accidental injury victims (67 +/- 7 vs. 74 +/- 9 years). More geriatric assault victims tested positive for alcohol or drugs than geriatric accident victims (30% vs. 9%). Injuries for geriatric assault victims were more commonly on the face (30%) and head (27%) than for either comparison group. Traumatic brain injury (34%) and penetrating injury (32%) occurred commonly. The median injury severity score (ISS) for geriatric assault victims was 9, with 34% having severe trauma (ISS >= 16). Median length of stay was 3 days, 39% required ICU care, and in-hospital mortality was 8%. Injury severity was greater in geriatric than younger adult assault victims, and, even when controlling for injury severity, in-hospital mortality, length of hospitalization, and need for ICU-level care were significantly higher in older adults. Conclusions: Geriatric assault victims have characteristics and injury patterns that differ significantly from geriatric accidental injury victims. These victims also have more severe injuries, higher mortality, and poorer outcomes than younger victims. Additional research is necessary to improve identification of these victims and inform treatment strategies for this unique population. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosen, Tony; Clark, Sunday; Mulcare, Mary R.; Stern, Michael E.; Flomenbaum, Neal E.] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Div Emergency Med, New York, NY USA. [Bloemen, Elizabeth M.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Hall, Jeffrey E.] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Div Geriatr & Palliat Med, New York, NY USA. [Lachs, Mark S.] CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Eachempati, Soumitra R.] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Surg, New York, NY USA. RP Rosen, T (reprint author), 525 East 68th St, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM aer2006@med.cornell.edu FU John A. Hartford Foundation; American Geriatrics Society; Emergency Medicine Foundation; Society of Academic Emergency Medicine; National Institute on Aging [R03 AG048109, K24 AG022399]; Jahnigen Career Development Award FX The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. Dr. Rosen's participation was supported by a GEMSSTAR (Grants for Early Medical and Surgical Subspecialists' Transition to Aging Research) grant from the National Institute on Aging (R03 AG048109). Dr. Rosen is also the recipient of a Jahnigen Career Development Award, supported by the John A. Hartford Foundation, the American Geriatrics Society, the Emergency Medicine Foundation, and the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine. Dr. Lachs is the recipient of a mentoring award in patient-oriented research from the National Institute on Aging (K24 AG022399). NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-1383 EI 1879-0267 J9 INJURY JI Injury-Int. J. Care Inj. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2671 EP 2678 DI 10.1016/j.injury.2016.09.001 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery GA EF7XX UT WOS:000390543800010 PM 27720184 ER PT J AU Klevens, J Luo, FJ Xu, LK Peterson, C Latzman, NE AF Klevens, Joanne Luo, Feijun Xu, Likang Peterson, Cora Latzman, Natasha E. TI Paid family leave's effect on hospital admissions for pediatric abusive head trauma SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Paediatric abusive head trauma (AHT) is a leading cause of fatal child maltreatment among young children. Current prevention efforts have not been consistently effective. Policies such as paid parental leave could potentially prevent AHT, given its impacts on risk factors for child maltreatment. To explore associations between California's 2004 paid family leave (PFL) policy and hospital admissions for AHT, we used difference-in-difference analyses of 1995-2011 US state-level data before and after the policy in California and seven comparison states. Compared with seven states with no PFL policies, California's 2004 PFL showed a significant decrease in AHT admissions in both <1 and <2-year-olds. Analyses using additional data years and comparators could yield different results. C1 [Klevens, Joanne; Luo, Feijun; Xu, Likang; Peterson, Cora; Latzman, Natasha E.] Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F-63, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Klevens, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F-63, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jklevens@cdc.gov OI Peterson, Cora/0000-0001-7955-0977 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 EI 1475-5785 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 6 BP 442 EP 445 DI 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041702 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF8PL UT WOS:000390591200012 PM 26869666 ER PT J AU Pereira, TA Syn, WK Pereira, FEL Lambertucci, JR Secor, WE Diehl, AM AF Pereira, Thiago Almeida Syn, Wing-Kin Pereira, Fausto E. L. Lambertucci, Jose Roberto Secor, William Evan Diehl, Anna Mae TI Serum osteopontin is a biomarker of severe fibrosis and portal hypertension in human and murine schistosomiasis mansoni SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Osteopontin; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Liver fibrosis; Portal hypertension; Biomarker ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PATHOLOGICAL SYNDROMES; CBA/J MICE; INFECTIONS; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; IMMUNOREGULATION; ACTIVATION; CELLS AB Schistosomiasis is a major cause of fibrosis and portal hypertension. The reason 4-10% of infected subjects develops hepatosplenic schistosomiasis remains unclear. Chronically infected male CBA/J mice reproduce the dichotomic forms of human schistosomiasis. Most mice (80%) develop moderate splenomegaly syndrome (similar to hepatointestinal disease in humans) and 20% present severe hypersplenomegaly syndrome (analogous to human hepatosplenic disease). We demonstrated that the profibrogenic molecule osteopontin discriminates between mice with severe and mild disease and could be a novel morbidity biomarker in murine and human schistosomiasis. Failure to downregulate osteopontin during the chronic phase may explain why hepatosplenic subjects develop severe fibrosis. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology. C1 [Pereira, Thiago Almeida; Diehl, Anna Mae] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Pereira, Thiago Almeida; Lambertucci, Jose Roberto] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fac Med, Lab Doencas Infecciosas & Parasitarias, Dept Clin Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Pereira, Thiago Almeida] NIAID, Immunopathogesis Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Syn, Wing-Kin] Fdn Liver Res, Inst Hepatol, Liver Regenerat & Repair Res Grp, London, England. [Syn, Wing-Kin] Med Univ South Carolina, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Syn, Wing-Kin] Ralph H Johnson Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Sect, Charleston, SC USA. [Pereira, Fausto E. L.] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Nucleo Doengas Infecciosas, Vitoria, ES, Spain. [Secor, William Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Diehl, AM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Duke Liver Ctr,Div Gastroenterol, 905 S LaSalle St,GSRB1 Snyderman Bldg,Suite 1073, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM diehl004@mc.duke.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA [R01-DK-077794]; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), USA; Duke University Endowment, USA; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Brazil (CNPq); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Brazil FX We thank Mr Carl Stone for administrative support. This work was supported by: National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA (grant number R01-DK-077794 (to AMD); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), USA (to TAP)); the Duke University Endowment, USA (the Florence McAlister Professorship) (to AMD), the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Brazil (CNPq) (to TAP, FEP and JRL); and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Brazil (to JRL). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 46 IS 13-14 BP 829 EP 832 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.08.004 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA EG0ML UT WOS:000390726800001 PM 27729270 ER PT J AU Harvey, RR Virji, MA Edwards, NT Cummings, KJ AF Harvey, R. Reid Virji, M. Abbas Edwards, Nicole T. Cummings, Kristin J. TI Comparing plasma, serum and whole blood indium concentrations from workers at an indium-tin oxide (ITO) production facility SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Indium-tin oxide (ITO); Indium lung disease; Blood matrices ID LUNG-DISEASE; TRACE AB Objective Occupational exposure to indium compounds including indium-tin oxide (ITO) can result in potentially fatal indium lung disease. We compared plasma, serum and whole blood indium concentrations (In-P, In-S and In-B) from workers at a single ITO production facility to assess the comparability of these matrices used for biological monitoring of indium exposure. Method In-P, In-S and In-B were measured using inductively coupled mass spectrometry from consenting workers at an ITO production facility with specimen collection occurring during June-July 2014. Matched pairs from workers were assessed to determine the matrix relationships using the Pearson correlation, paired t-tests, per cent difference, linear regression and statistics. Results Indium matrices were collected from 80 workers. Mean (SD) In-P, In-S and In-B were 3.48 (3.84), 3.90 (4.15) and 4.66 (5.32)mcg/L, respectively. The In-S-In-P difference was 14%; In-S was higher in all but two workers. In-P and In-S were highly correlated (r=>0.99). The In-B-In-S difference was 19%; In-B was higher in 85% of workers. The In-B-In-P difference was 34%; In-B was higher in 66% of workers. In-B was highly correlated with both In-P and In-S (r=0.97 and 0.96, respectively). Statistics were 0.84, 0.83 and 0.82 for In-P, In-S and In-B, respectively, for individuals with each matrix 1mcg/L (p<0.01). Conclusions While all matrices were highly correlated, we encourage the use of In-P and In-S to reliably compare studies across different populations using different matrices. The higher per cent difference and increased variability of In-B may limit its utility in comparisons with In-P and In-S in different populations. C1 [Harvey, R. Reid; Virji, M. Abbas; Edwards, Nicole T.; Cummings, Kristin J.] NIOSH, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S H2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Harvey, RR (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S H2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM iez1@cdc.gov FU intramural National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) FX This work was supported by the intramural National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) funding from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 EI 1470-7926 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 864 EP 867 DI 10.1136/oemed-2016-103685 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF8OW UT WOS:000390589500010 PM 27456157 ER PT J AU Moro, PL Chen, RT AF Moro, Pedro L. Chen, Robert T. TI Obstetrical and neonatal case definitions for immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; CHILDREN; RISK C1 [Moro, Pedro L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chen, Robert T.] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moro, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM psm9@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 49 SI SI BP 5991 EP 5992 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.026 PG 2 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EF7MP UT WOS:000390514000001 ER PT J AU Jones, CE Munoz, FM Spiegel, HML Heininger, U Zuber, PLF Edwards, KM Lambach, P Neels, P Kohl, KS Gidudu, J Hirschfeld, S Oleske, JM Khuri-Bulos, N Bauwens, J Eckert, LO Kochhar, S Bonhoeffer, J Heath, PT AF Jones, Christine E. Munoz, Flor M. Spiegel, Hans M. L. Heininger, Ulrich Zuber, Patrick L. F. Edwards, Kathryn M. Lambach, Philipp Neels, Pieter Kohl, Katrin S. Gidudu, Jane Hirschfeld, Steven Oleske, James M. Khuri-Bulos, Najwa Bauwens, Jorgen Eckert, Linda O. Kochhar, Sonali Bonhoeffer, Jan Heath, Paul T. CA Brighton Collaboration Immunizatio TI Guideline for collection, analysis and presentation of safety data in clinical trials of vaccines in pregnant women SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Adverse event; Immunization; Pregnancy; Guidelines; Clinical trials; Vaccines; Safety ID INFLUENZA VACCINATION; STATEMENT; INFANTS; QUALITY; RECOMMENDATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; PROTOCOL AB Vaccination during pregnancy is increasingly being used as an effective approach for protecting both young infants and their mothers from serious infections. Drawing conclusions from published studies in this area can be difficult because of the inability to compare vaccine trial results across different studies and settings due to the heterogeneity in the definitions of terms used to assess the safety of vaccines in pregnancy and the data collected in such studies. The guidelines proposed in this document have been developed to harmonize safety data collection in all phases of clinical trials of vaccines in pregnant women and apply to data from the mother, fetus and infant. Guidelines on the prioritization of the data to be collected is also provided to allow applicability in various geographic, cultural and resource settings, including high, middle and low-income countries. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jones, Christine E.; Heath, Paul T.] St Georges Univ London, Inst Infect & Immun, Paediat Infect Dis Res Grp, Jenner Wing,Level 2,Room 2-213, London SW17 0RE, England. [Munoz, Flor M.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Spiegel, Hans M. L.] Henry Jackson Fdn, Bethesda, MD USA. [Heininger, Ulrich; Bonhoeffer, Jan] Univ Basel, Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. [Zuber, Patrick L. F.] WHO, SAV, Regulat Med & Other Hlth Technol RHT, Dept Essential Med & Hlth Prod EMP,Hlth Syst & In, Geneva, Switzerland. [Edwards, Kathryn M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Vanderbilt Vaccine Res Program, Nashville, TN USA. [Lambach, Philipp] WHO, Initiat Vaccine Res, Geneva, Switzerland. [Neels, Pieter] IABS EU, Int Alliance Biol Standardizat, Lyon, France. [Kohl, Katrin S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gidudu, Jane] CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hirschfeld, Steven] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Oleske, James M.] Rutgers New Jersey Med Sch, Div Pediat Allergy Immunol & Infect Dis, Newark, NJ USA. [Khuri-Bulos, Najwa] Univ Jordan, Infect Dis & Vaccine Ctr, Amman, Jordan. [Bauwens, Jorgen] Brighton Collaborat Fdn, Basel, Switzerland. [Eckert, Linda O.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kochhar, Sonali] Global Healthcare Consulting, Delhi, India. RP Heath, PT (reprint author), St Georges Univ London, Inst Infect & Immun, Paediat Infect Dis Res Grp, Jenner Wing,Level 2,Room 2-213, London SW17 0RE, England. EM contact@brightoncollaboration.org FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1119788] FX This work has been supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grant OPP1119788, Global Alignment of Immunization Safety Assessment in pregnancy (GAIA). NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 49 SI SI BP 5998 EP 6006 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.032 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EF7MP UT WOS:000390514000003 PM 27481360 ER PT J AU Vergnano, S Buttery, J Cailes, B Chandrasekaran, R Chiappini, E Clark, E Cutland, C de Andrade, SD Esteves-Jaramillo, A Guinazu, JR Jones, C Kampmann, B King, J Kochhar, S Macdonald, N Mangili, A Martins, RD Munoz, CV Padula, M Munoz, FM Oleske, J Sanicas, M Schlaudecker, E Spiegel, H Subelj, M Sukumaran, L Tagbo, BN Top, KA Tran, D Heath, PT AF Vergnano, Stefania Buttery, Jim Cailes, Ben Chandrasekaran, Ravichandran Chiappini, Elena Clark, Ebiere Cutland, Clare de Andrade, Solange Dourado Esteves-Jaramillo, Alejandra Guinazu, Javier Ruiz Jones, Chrissie Kampmann, Beate King, Jay Kochhar, Sonali Macdonald, Noni Mangili, Alexandra Martins, Reinaldo de Menezes Velasco Munoz, Cesar Padula, Michael Munoz, Flor M. Oleske, James Sanicas, Melvin Schlaudecker, Elizabeth Spiegel, Hans Subelj, Maja Sukumaran, Lakshmi Tagbo, Beckie N. Top, Karina A. Tran, Dat Heath, Paul T. CA Brighton Collaboration Neonatal In TI Neonatal infections: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Neonatal infections; Sepsis; Meningitis; Bacteremia; Possible bacterial infection; Pneumonia; Bronchiolitis; Perinatal; Newborn; Adverse event; Immunisation; Guidelines; Case definition ID BLOOD-CELL COUNT; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; HEALTH-CARE; SEPSIS; INFANTS AB Maternal vaccination is an important area of research and requires appropriate and internationally comparable definitions and safety standards. The GALA group, part of the Brighton Collaboration was created with the mandate of proposing standardised definitions applicable to maternal vaccine research. This study proposes international definitions for neonatal infections. The neonatal infections GAIA working group performed a literature review using Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane collaboration and collected definitions in use in neonatal and public health networks. The common criteria derived from the extensive search formed the basis for a consensus process that resulted in three separate definitions for neonatal blood stream infections (BSI), meningitis and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). For each definition three levels of evidence are proposed to ensure the applicability of the definitions to different settings, Recommendations about data collection, analysis and presentation are presented and harmonized with the Brighton Collaboration and GAIA format and other existing international standards for study reporting. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Vergnano, Stefania; Cailes, Ben; Jones, Chrissie; Heath, Paul T.] St Georges Univ London, Inst Infect & Immun, Paediat Infect Dis Res Grp, London, England. [Buttery, Jim] Monash Med Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Chandrasekaran, Ravichandran] Madras Med Coll & Govt Gen Hosp, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. [Chiappini, Elena] Univ Florence, Meyer Childrens Hosp, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Clark, Ebiere] Enhanced Vigilance Syst, Poole, Dorset, England. [Cutland, Clare] Univ Witwatersrand, Wits Hlth Consortium, DST NRF Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit RMPRU, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [de Andrade, Solange Dourado] Fundacao Med Trop Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Esteves-Jaramillo, Alejandra] Sanofi Pasteur, Global Pharmacovigilance, Swiftwater, PA USA. [Guinazu, Javier Ruiz] GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium. [Kampmann, Beate] Imperial Coll, London, England. [Kampmann, Beate] MRC Unit, Serrekunda, Gambia. [Kochhar, Sonali] Global Healthcare Consulting, Delhi, India. [Macdonald, Noni; Top, Karina A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Paediat, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Mangili, Alexandra] Novartis Vaccine GSK Vaccines, Cambridge, MA USA. [Martins, Reinaldo de Menezes] Bio Manguinhos Fiocruz, Manguinho, RJ, Brazil. [Velasco Munoz, Cesar] Univ Barcelona, ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr Int Hlth Res CRESIB, E-08007 Barcelona, Spain. [Padula, Michael] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Neonatol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Padula, Michael] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Munoz, Flor M.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Oleske, James] Rutgers New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ USA. [Sanicas, Melvin] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Schlaudecker, Elizabeth] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Global Hlth Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Spiegel, Hans] Henry Jackson Fdn, Bethesda, MD USA. [Subelj, Maja] Natl Inst Publ Hlth NIJZ, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Sukumaran, Lakshmi] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Tagbo, Beckie N.] Univ Nigeria, Teaching Hosp, Inst Child Hlth, Enugu, Nigeria. [Tran, Dat] Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Dept Paediat, Div Infect Dis, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP Heath, PT (reprint author), St Georges Univ London, Inst Infect & Immun, Paediat Infect Dis Res Grp, London, England. EM contact@brightoncollaboration.org OI Martins, Reinaldo/0000-0002-0667-532X; Chiappini, Elena/0000-0002-1476-4752; Velasco Munoz, Cesar/0000-0001-8566-1155 FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX The authors are grateful for the support and helpful comments provided by the Brighton Collaboration (Jan Bonhoeffer, Jorgen Bauwens) and the reference group (see https://brightoncollaboration.org/public/what-we-do/setting-standards/ca se-definitions/groups.html for reviewers), as well as other experts consulted as part of the process. The authors are also grateful to the Brighton Collaboration Secretariat and to the members of the ISPE Special Interest Group in Vaccines (VAX SIG) for their review and constructive comments on this document. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the Global Alignment of Immunisation Safety Assessment in Pregnancy (GAIA) project, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 49 SI SI BP 6038 EP 6046 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.046 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EF7MP UT WOS:000390514000007 PM 27491687 ER PT J AU Courtenay-Quirk, C Spindler, H Leidich, A Bachanas, P AF Courtenay-Quirk, Cari Spindler, Hilary Leidich, Aimee Bachanas, Pam TI BUILDING CAPACITY FOR DATA-DRIVEN DECISION MAKING IN AFRICAN HIV TESTING PROGRAMS: FIELD PERSPECTIVES ON DATA USE WORKSHOPS SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID IMPACT AB Strategic, high quality HIV testing services (HTS) delivery is an essential step towards reaching the end of AIDS by 2030. We conducted HTS Data Use workshops in five African countries to increase data use for strategic program decision-making. Feedback was collected on the extent to which workshop skills and tools were applied in practice and to identify future capacity-building needs. We later conducted six semistructured phone interviews with workshop planning teams and sent a web-based survey to 92 past participants. The HTS Data Use workshops provided accessible tools that were readily learned by most respondents. While most respondents reported increased confidence in interpreting data and frequency of using such tools over time, planning team representatives indicated ongoing needs for more automated tools that can function across data systems. To achieve ambitious global HIV/AIDS targets, national decision makers may continue to seek tools and skill-building opportunities to monitor programs and identify opportunities to refine strategies. C1 [Courtenay-Quirk, Cari; Bachanas, Pam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Spindler, Hilary; Leidich, Aimee] Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Courtenay-Quirk, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ccourtenayquirk@cdc.gov FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This project was funded through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. This project was reviewed and approved as nonresearch by the Global Division of HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 370 SEVENTH AVE, SUITE 1200, NEW YORK, NY 10001-1020 USA SN 0899-9546 EI 1943-2755 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 28 IS 6 BP 472 EP 484 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF4JL UT WOS:000390291500002 PM 27925491 ER PT J AU Metcalf, BJ Chochua, S Gertz, RE Li, Z Walker, H Tran, T Hawkins, PA Glennen, A Lynfield, R Li, Y McGee, L Beall, B AF Metcalf, B. J. Chochua, S. Gertz, R. E., Jr. Li, Z. Walker, H. Tran, T. Hawkins, P. A. Glennen, A. Lynfield, R. Li, Y. McGee, L. Beall, B. CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Using whole genome sequencing to identify resistance determinants and predict antimicrobial resistance phenotypes for year 2015 invasive pneumococcal disease isolates recovered in the United States SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Accessory genome; Core genome; Minimum inhibitory concentrations; Pneumococcal; Whole genome ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; MACROLIDE-RESISTANCE; FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; IN-VITRO; GENE; MECHANISMS AB Our whole genome sequence (WGS) pipeline was assessed for accurate prediction of antimicrobial phenotypes. For 2316 invasive pneumococcal isolates recovered during 2015 we compared WGS pipeline data to broth dilution testing (BDT) for 18 antimicrobials. For 11 antimicrobials categorical discrepancies were assigned when WGS-predicted MICs and BDT MICs predicted different categorizations for susceptibility, intermediate resistance or resistance, ranging from 0.9% (tetracycline) to 2.9% (amoxicillin). For beta-lactam antibiotics, the occurrence of at least four-fold differences in MIC ranged from 0.2% (meropenem) to 1.0% (penicillin), although phenotypic retesting resolved 25%-78% of these discrepancies. Non-susceptibility to penicillin, predicted by penicillin-binding protein types, was 2.7% (non-meningitis criteria) and 23.8% (meningitis criteria). Other common resistance determinants included mef (475 isolates), ermB (191 isolates), ermB + mef (48 isolates), tetM (261 isolates) and cat (51 isolates). Additional accessory resistance genes (tetS, tet32, aphA-3, sat4) were rarely detected (one to three isolates). Rare core genome mutations conferring erythromycin-resistance included a two-codon rplD insertion (rplD69-KG-70) and the 23S rRNA A2061G substitution (six isolates). Intermediate cotrimoxazole-resistance was associated with one or two codon insertions within folP (238 isolates) or the folA I100L substitution (38 isolates), whereas full cotrimoxazole-resistance was attributed to alterations in both genes (172 isolates). The two levofloxacin-resistant isolates contained parC and/or gyrA mutations. Of 11 remaining isolates with moderately elevated MICs to both ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, seven contained parC or gyrA mutations. The two rifampin-resistant isolates contained rpoB mutations. WGS-based antimicrobial phenotype prediction was an informative alternative to BDT for invasive pneumococci. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. C1 [Metcalf, B. J.; Chochua, S.; Gertz, R. E., Jr.; Li, Z.; Walker, H.; Tran, T.; Hawkins, P. A.; Li, Y.; McGee, L.; Beall, B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Glennen, A.; Lynfield, R.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbeall@cdc.gov FU Advanced Molecular Detection (AMD) initiative at CDC FX Major funding for this work was provided through support from the Advanced Molecular Detection (AMD) initiative at CDC. We are grateful to the Minnesota Department of Public Health laboratory for susceptibility testing of all isolates recovered in Minnesota. We thank the following individuals for their contributions to the establishment and maintenance of the ABCs system. California Emerging Infections Program: A. Reingold, S. Brooks and H. Randel. Colorado Emerging Infections Program: L. Miller, B. White, D. Aragon, M. Barnes and J. Sadlowski. Connecticut Emerging Infections Program: S. Petit, M. Cartter, C. Marquez and M. Wilson. Georgia Emerging Infections Program: M. Farley, S. Thomas, A. Tunali and W. Baughman. Maryland Emerging Infections Program: L. Harrison, J. Benton, T. Carter, R. Hollick, K. Holmes and A. Riner. Minnesota Emerging Infections Program: C. Holtzman, R. Danila and K. Mac-Innes. New Mexico Emerging Infections Program: K. Scherzinger, K. Angeles, J. Bareta, L. Butler, S. Khanlian, R. Mansmann and M. Nichols. New York Emerging Infections Program: N. Bennett, S. Zansky, S. Currenti and S. McGuire. Oregon Emerging Infections Program: A. Thomas, M. Schmidt, J. Thompson and T. Poissant. Tennessee Emerging Infections Program: W. Schaffner, B. Barnes, K. Leib, K. Dyer and L. McKnight. CDC: R. Gierke, O. Almendares, J. Hudson, L. McGlone and G. Langley. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1198-743X EI 1469-0691 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 12 DI 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.08.001 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA EF6DK UT WOS:000390420800009 ER PT J AU Li, Z Commodore, A Hartinger, S Lewin, M Sjodin, A Pittman, E Trinidad, D Hubbard, K Lanata, CF Gil, AI Mausezahl, D Naeher, LP AF Li, Zheng Commodore, Adwoa Hartinger, Stella Lewin, Michael Sjodin, Andreas Pittman, Erin Trinidad, Debra Hubbard, Kendra Lanata, Claudio F. Gil, Ana I. Mausezahl, Daniel Naeher, Luke P. TI Biomonitoring Human Exposure to Household Air Pollution and Association with Self-reported Health Symptoms - A Stove Intervention Study in Peru SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE woodsmoke; household air pollution; stove intervention; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; biomonitoring; 1-hydroxypyrene ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE EXPOSURES; URINARY 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; MEXICAN WOMEN; SOLID-FUEL; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; LUNG-FUNCTION; WOOD SMOKE; RURAL PERU AB Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from indoor biomass stoves contains harmful pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and is a leading risk factor for global disease burden. We used biomonitoring to assess HAP exposure and association with self-reported symptoms in 334 non-smoking Peruvian women to evaluate the efficacy of a stove intervention program. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study within the framework of a community randomized control trial. Using urinary PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) as the exposure biomarkers, we investigated whether the intervention group (n = 155, with new chimney-equipped stoves) were less exposed to HAP compared to the control group (n = 179, with mostly open-fire stoves). We also estimated associations between the exposure biomarkers, risk factors, and self-reported health symptoms, such as recent eye conditions, respiratory conditions, and headache. Results: We observed reduced headache and ocular symptoms in the intervention group than the control group. Urinary 2-naphthol, a suggested biomarker for inhalation PAH exposure, was significantly lower in the intervention group (GM with 95% CI: 13.4 [12.3, 14.6] mu g/g creatinine) compared to control group (16.5 [15.0, 18.0] mu g/g creatinine). Stove type and/or 2-naphthol was associated with a number of self-reported symptoms, such as red eye (adjusted OR with 95% CI: 3.80 [1.32, 10.9]) in the past 48 h. Conclusions: Even with the improved stoves, the biomarker concentrations in this study far exceeded those of the general populations and were higher than a no-observed-genotoxic-effect-level, indicating high exposure and a potential for increased cancer risk in the population. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Li, Zheng; Sjodin, Andreas; Pittman, Erin; Trinidad, Debra; Hubbard, Kendra] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Li, Zheng; Lewin, Michael] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Human Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. [Commodore, Adwoa] Med Univ South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Hartinger, Stella; Lanata, Claudio F.; Gil, Ana I.] Inst Invest Nutr, Lima, Peru. [Hartinger, Stella; Mausezahl, Daniel] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland. [Hartinger, Stella; Mausezahl, Daniel] Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland. [Hartinger, Stella; Naeher, Luke P.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Naeher, Luke P.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,F-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ZJLi@cdc.gov OI Hartinger, Stella /0000-0003-3523-1725 FU Fogarty International Center, National Institutes on Environmental Health Services [5-D43TW005746-04]; UBS Optimus Foundation [ISRCTN28191222]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health through the University of Alabama, Birmingham [2T42OH008436]; University of Georgia Graduate School and Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program FX This work was made possible by NIH Research Grant #5-D43TW005746-04 funded by the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes on Environmental Health Services. This work was also supported by the UBS Optimus Foundation for the parent study (ISRCTN28191222) and grant #2T42OH008436 from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health through the University of Alabama, Birmingham. Additional funding was from the University of Georgia Graduate School and Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program. The co-authors of this manuscript do not have any financial conflict of interest with any parties involved in this study. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position of the CDC and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 97 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.011 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE8YP UT WOS:000389912900023 PM 27680405 ER PT J AU Mirabelli, MC Vaidyanathan, A Flanders, WD Qin, XT Garbe, P AF Mirabelli, Maria C. Vaidyanathan, Ambarish Flanders, W. Dana Qin, Xiaoting Garbe, Paul TI Outdoor PM2.5, Ambient Air Temperature, and Asthma Symptoms in the Past 14 Days among Adults with Active Asthma SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; DAILY MORTALITY; RESPIRATORY-DISEASES; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; US CITIES; POLLUTION; FINE; HEALTH; OZONE; ASSOCIATION AB Background: Relationships between air quality and health are well-described, but little information is available about the joint associations between particulate air pollution, ambient temperature, and respiratory morbidity. Objectives: We evaluated associations between concentrations of particulate matter <= 2.5 mu m in diameter (PM2.5) and exacerbation of existing asthma and modification of the associations by ambient air temperature. Methods: Data from 50,356 adult respondents to the Asthma Call-back Survey from 2006-2010 were linked by interview date and county of residence to estimates of daily averages of PM2.5 and maximum air temperature. Associations between 14-day average PM2.5 and the presence of any asthma symptoms during the 14 days leading up to and including the interview date were evaluated using binomial regression. We explored variation by air temperature using similar models, stratified into quintiles of the 14-day average maximum temperature. Results: Among adults with active asthma, 57.1% reported asthma symptoms within the past 14days, and 14-day average PM2.5 >= 7.07 mu g/m(3) was associated with an estimated 4-5% higher asthma symptom prevalence. In the range of 4.00-7.06 mu g/m(3) of PM2.5, each 1-mu g/m(3) increase was associated with a 3.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 5.7] increase in symptom prevalence; across categories of temperature from 1.1 to 80.5 degrees F, each 1-mu g/m(3) increase was associated with increased symptom prevalence (1.1-44.4 degrees F: 7.9%; 44.5-58.6 degrees F: 6.9%; 58.7-70.1 degrees F: 2.9%; 70.2-80.5 degrees F: 7.3%). Conclusions: These results suggest that each unit increase in PM2.5 may be associated with an increase in the prevalence of asthma symptoms, even at levels as low as 4.00-7.06 mu g/m(3). C1 [Mirabelli, Maria C.; Qin, Xiaoting; Garbe, Paul] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE Mailstop F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Vaidyanathan, Ambarish] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Tracking Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Flanders, W. Dana] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Mirabelli, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE Mailstop F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zif7@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 124 IS 12 BP 1882 EP 1890 DI 10.1289/EHP92 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA EF3FX UT WOS:000390211200015 PM 27385358 ER PT J AU Vuong, AM Braun, JM Sjodin, A Webster, GM Yolton, K Lanphear, BP Chen, AM AF Vuong, Ann M. Braun, Joseph M. Sjodin, Andreas Webster, Glenys M. Yolton, Kimberly Lanphear, Bruce P. Chen, Aimin TI Prenatal Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Exposure and Body Mass Index in Children Up To 8 Years of Age SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID THYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; FLAME RETARDANTS; PBDE EXPOSURE; WEIGHT-LOSS; HUMAN-SERUM; IN-UTERO; OBESITY; PLASMA AB Background: Prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors has been associated with increased risk of childhood obesity. However, epidemiologic studies on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are limited despite animal studies indicating PBDEs' potential role as an obesogen. Objectives: We investigated whether maternal concentrations of BDEs 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, and SPBDEs during pregnancy were associated with anthropometric measures in children aged 1-8years. Methods: We examined 318 mother-child pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a birth cohort enrolled from 2003 through 2006 (Cincinnati, OH). Serum PBDEs were measured at 16 +/- 3weeks gestation. We measured child height (1-8years), weight (1-8years), body mass index (BMI) (2-8years), waist circumference (4-8years), and body fat (8years). To account for repeated measures, we used linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations to estimate associations between maternal PBDEs and child anthropometric measures. Results: We found no statistically significant associations between prenatal PBDEs and height or weight z-score. A 10-fold increase in maternal serum BDE-153 was associated with lower BMI z-score (beta= -0.36; 95% CI: -0.60, -0.13) at 2-8years, smaller waist circumference (beta= -1.81cm; 95% CI: -3.13, -0.50) at 4-8years, and lower percent body fat (beta= -2.37%; 95% CI: -4.21, -0.53) at 8years. A decrease in waist circumference at 4-8years was observed with a 10-fold increase in BDE-100 (beta= -1.50cm; 95% CI: -2.93, -0.08) and SPBDEs (beta= -1.57cm; 95% CI: -3.11, -0.02). Conclusions: Reverse causality may have resulted in prenatal PBDEs, particularly BDE-153, and decreased BMI, waist circumference, and body fat. C1 [Vuong, Ann M.; Chen, Aimin] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Epidemiol, POB 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Braun, Joseph M.] Brown Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Sjodin, Andreas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Webster, Glenys M.; Lanphear, Bruce P.] Simon Fraser Univ, BC Childrens Hosp Res Inst, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Yolton, Kimberly] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Gen & Community Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RP Chen, AM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Epidemiol, POB 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM aimin.chen@uc.edu RI Braun, Joseph/H-8649-2014 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/National Institutes of Health [P01 ES11261, R01 ES014575, R01 ES020349, R00 ES020346]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [EPA P01 R829389] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/National Institutes of Health (P01 ES11261, R01 ES014575, R01 ES020349, and R00 ES020346) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (EPA P01 R829389). NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 124 IS 12 BP 1891 EP 1897 DI 10.1289/EHP139 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA EF3FX UT WOS:000390211200016 PM 27285825 ER PT J AU Scinicariello, F Buser, MC AF Scinicariello, Franco Buser, Melanie C. TI Serum Testosterone Concentrations and Urinary Bisphenol A, Benzophenone-3, Triclosan, and Paraben Levels in Male and Female Children and Adolescents: NHANES 2011-2012 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; MALE REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; SEX-HORMONE LEVELS; BUTYL PARABEN; IN-VITRO; MEN; EXPOSURE; ANDROGEN; CELLS; WOMEN AB Background: Exposure to environmental phenols (e. g., bisphenolA, benzophenone-3, and triclosan) and parabens is widespread in the population. Many of these chemicals have been shown to have anti-androgenic effects both invitro and invivo. Objective: We examined the association of bisphenolA (BPA), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), triclosan (TCS), and parabens with serum total testosterone (TT) levels in child and adolescent participants (ages 6-19years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. Methods: We performed multivariable linear regression to estimate associations between natural log-transformed serum TT and quartiles of urinary BPA, BP-3, TCS, and parabens in male and female children (ages 6-11years) and adolescents (ages 12-19years). Results: BP-3 and BPA were associated with significantly lower TT in male adolescents, and BPA was associated with significantly higher TT in female adolescents. TT was not consistently -associated with TCS or total parabens in children or adolescents of either sex. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association of both BP-3 and BPA with serum TT in adolescents. Associations between BPA and TT differed according to sex in adolescents, with inverse associations in boys and positive associations in girls. BP-3 was associated with significantly lower TT in adolescent boys only. However, because of the limitations inherent to the cross-sectional study design, further studies are needed to confirm and elucidate on our findings. C1 [Scinicariello, Franco; Buser, Melanie C.] ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Human Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Scinicariello, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fes6@cdc.gov FU Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC (M.C.B.). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 23 U2 23 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 124 IS 12 BP 1898 EP 1904 DI 10.1289/EHP150 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA EF3FX UT WOS:000390211200017 PM 27383665 ER PT J AU Griffin, S Naavaal, S Scherrer, C Griffin, PM Harris, K Chattopadhyay, S AF Griffin, Susan Naavaal, Shillpa Scherrer, Christina Griffin, Paul M. Harris, Kate Chattopadhyay, Sajal TI School-Based Dental Sealant Programs Prevent Cavities And Are Cost-Effective SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID ORAL-HEALTH; CHILDREN; RECOMMENDATIONS; CARIES; PERFORMANCE; MEDICAID; REVIEWS; IMPACT AB Untreated cavities can have far-reaching negative consequences for people's ability to eat, speak, and learn. By adolescence, 27 percent of low-income children in the United States will have untreated cavities. School-based sealant programs typically provide dental sealants (a protective coating that adheres to the surface of molars) at little or no cost to students attending schools in areas with low socioeconomic status. These programs have been shown to increase the number of students receiving sealants and to prevent cavities. We analyzed the cost-effectiveness of school sealant programs using data (from school programs in fourteen states between 2013 and 2014) on children's cavity risk, including the effects of untreated cavities on a child's quality of life. We found that providing sealants in school programs to 1,000 children would prevent 485 fillings and 1.59 disability-adjusted life-years. School-based sealant programs saved society money and remained cost-effective across a wide range of reasonable values. C1 [Griffin, Susan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Naavaal, Shillpa] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Pediat Dent, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Scherrer, Christina] Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Syst & Ind Engn, Kennesaw, GA USA. [Griffin, Paul M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Harris, Kate; Chattopadhyay, Sajal] CDC, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Griffin, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sig1@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2233 EP 2240 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0839 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA EF4UR UT WOS:000390328000011 PM 27920311 ER PT J AU Shams, AM Rose, LJ Edwards, JR Cali, S Harris, AD Jacob, JT LaFae, A Pineles, LL Thom, KA McDonald, LC Arduino, MJ Noble-Wang, JA AF Shams, Alicia M. Rose, Laura J. Edwards, Jonathan R. Cali, Salvatore Harris, Anthony D. Jacob, Jesse T. LaFae, Anna Pineles, Lisa L. Thom, Kerri A. McDonald, L. Clifford Arduino, Matthew J. Noble-Wang, Judith A. TI Assessment of the Overall and Multidrug-Resistant Organism Bioburden on Environmental Surfaces in Healthcare Facilities SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION; ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII; HOSPITAL SURFACES; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; INFECTION RISK; BURN UNIT; DISINFECTION; STANDARDS AB OBJECTIVE To determine the typical microbial bioburden (overall bacterial and multidrug-resistant organisms [MDROs]) on high-touch healthcare environmental surfaces after routine or terminal cleaning. DESIGN Prospective 2.5-year microbiological survey of large surface areas (>1,000 cm(2)). SETTING MDRO contact-precaution rooms from 9 acute-care hospitals and 2 long-term care facilities in 4 states. PARTICIPANTS Samples from 166 rooms (113 routine cleaned and 53 terminal cleaned rooms). METHODS Using a standard sponge-wipe sampling protocol, 2 composite samples were collected from each room; a third sample was collected from each Clostridium difficile room. Composite 1 included the TV remote, telephone, call button, and bed rails. Composite 2 included the room door handle, IV pole, and overbed table. Composite 3 included toileting surfaces. Total bacteria and MDROs (ie, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci [VRE], Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and C. difficile) were quantified, confirmed, and tested for drug resistance. RESULTS The mean microbial bioburden and range from routine cleaned room composites were higher (2,700 colony-forming units [CFU]/100 cm(2); 1-130,000 CFU/100 cm(2)) than from terminal cleaned room composites (353 CFU/100 cm(2); 1-4,300 CFU/100 cm(2)). MDROs were recovered from 34% of routine cleaned room composites (range 1-13,000 CFU/100 cm(2)) and 17% of terminal cleaned room composites (1-524 CFU/100 cm(2)). MDROs were recovered from 40% of rooms; VRE was the most common (19%). CONCLUSIONS This multicenter bioburden summary provides a first step to determining microbial bioburden on healthcare surfaces, which may help provide a basis for developing standards to evaluate cleaning and disinfection as well as a framework for studies using an evidentiary hierarchy for environmental infection control. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1426-1432 C1 [Shams, Alicia M.; Rose, Laura J.; Edwards, Jonathan R.; McDonald, L. Clifford; Arduino, Matthew J.; Noble-Wang, Judith A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cali, Salvatore] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Harris, Anthony D.; Pineles, Lisa L.; Thom, Kerri A.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Jacob, Jesse T.; LaFae, Anna] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shams, AM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-16, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM AShams@cdc.gov FU Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; National Institute of Health Career Development [1K23AI082450-01A1] FX This study was funded by the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Kerri A. Thom was supported by the National Institute of Health Career Development (grant no. 1K23AI082450-01A1). NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0899-823X EI 1559-6834 J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1426 EP 1432 DI 10.1017/ice.2016.198 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA EF5DW UT WOS:000390351900005 PM 27619507 ER PT J AU Epstein, L Stone, ND LaPlace, L Harper, J Lynfield, R Warnke, L Whitten, T Maloney, M Melchreit, R Rodriguez, R Quinlan, G Concannon, C Dumyati, G Thompson, DL Thompson, N AF Epstein, Lauren Stone, Nimalie D. LaPlace, Lisa Harper, Jane Lynfield, Ruth Warnke, Linn Whitten, Tory Maloney, Meghan Melchreit, Richard Rodriguez, Richard Quinlan, Gail Concannon, Cathleen Dumyati, Ghinwa Thompson, Deborah L. Thompson, Nicola TI Comparison of Data Collection for Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance in Nursing Homes SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM-CARE; PREVALENCE; US AB OBJECTIVE To facilitate surveillance and describe the burden of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in nursing homes (NHs), we compared the quality of resident-level data collected by NH personnel and external staff. DESIGN A 1-day point-prevalence survey SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Overall, 9 nursing homes among 4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Emerging Infection Program (EIP) sites were included in this study. METHODS NH personnel collected data on resident characteristics, clinical risk factors for HAIs, and the presence of 3 HAI screening criteria on the day of the survey. Trained EIP surveillance officers collected the same data elements via retrospective medical chart review for comparison; surveillance officers also collected available data to identify HAIs (using revised McGeer definitions). Overall agreement was calculated among residents identified by both teams with selected risk factors and HAI screening criteria. The impact of using NH personnel to collect screening criteria on HAI prevalence was assessed. RESULTS The overall prevalence of clinical risk factors among the 1,272 residents was similar between NH personnel and surveillance officers, but the level of positive agreement (residents with factors identified by both teams) varied between 39% and 87%. Surveillance officers identified 253 residents (20%) with 1 HAI screening criterion, resulting in 67 residents with an HAI (5.3 per 100 residents). The NH personnel identified 152 (12%) residents with 1 HAI screening criterion; 42 residents had an HAI (3.5 per 100 residents). CONCLUSION We identified discrepancies in resident-level data collection between surveillance officers and NH personnel, resulting in varied estimates of the HAI prevalence. These findings have important implications for the design and implementation of future HAI prevalence surveys. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1440-1445 C1 [Epstein, Lauren; Stone, Nimalie D.; LaPlace, Lisa; Thompson, Nicola] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd Mailstop A-24, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Harper, Jane; Lynfield, Ruth; Warnke, Linn; Whitten, Tory] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Maloney, Meghan; Melchreit, Richard; Rodriguez, Richard] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Quinlan, Gail; Concannon, Cathleen; Dumyati, Ghinwa] New York Rochester Emerging Infect Program, Rochester, NY USA. [Quinlan, Gail; Concannon, Cathleen; Dumyati, Ghinwa] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Thompson, Deborah L.] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Epstein, L; Thompson, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd Mailstop A-24, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM Xdd0@cdc.gov; dvq0@cdc.gov FU Emerging Infections Program FX The survey was supported through a cooperative agreement with the Emerging Infections Program. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0899-823X EI 1559-6834 J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1440 EP 1445 DI 10.1017/ice.2016.200 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA EF5DW UT WOS:000390351900007 PM 27691989 ER PT J AU Hersh, AL Fleming-Dutra, KE Shapiro, DJ Hyun, DY Hicks, LA AF Hersh, Adam L. Fleming-Dutra, Katherine E. Shapiro, Daniel J. Hyun, David Y. Hicks, Lauri A. CA Outpatient Antibiotic Use Target- TI Frequency of First-line Antibiotic Selection Among US Ambulatory Care Visits for Otitis Media, Sinusitis, and Pharyngitis SO JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Hersh, Adam L.] Univ Utah, Pediat Infect Dis, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Fleming-Dutra, Katherine E.; Hicks, Lauri A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shapiro, Daniel J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Hyun, David Y.] Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC USA. RP Hersh, AL (reprint author), 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM adam.hersh@hsc.utah.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-6106 EI 2168-6114 J9 JAMA INTERN MED JI JAMA Intern. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 176 IS 12 BP 1870 EP 1872 DI 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.6625 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EF3WN UT WOS:000390255700032 PM 27775770 ER PT J AU Syamlal, G Jamal, A Mazurek, JM AF Syamlal, Girija Jamal, Ahmed Mazurek, Jacek M. TI Combustible Tobacco and Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Working AdultsUnited States, 2012 to 2014 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CURRENT CIGARETTE-SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; PRODUCTS; SMOKERS; COHORT AB Objective:The aim of this study was to examine tobacco use among working adults at least 18 years of age.Methods:The 2012 to 2014 National Health Interview Survey (n=105,779) was used to estimate prevalences for cigarette smoking, other combustible tobacco use, and smokeless tobacco use and prevalence odds ratios (PORs) for any tobacco product use among working adults at least 18 years of age, by industry and occupation.Results:Of the estimated 144 million currently employed adults, 17% were cigarette smokers, 7.0% other noncigarette combustible tobacco users, and 3.4% smokeless tobacco users. Odds of using tobacco varied by sociodemographic characteristics and by industry and occupations.Conclusions:Disparities in tobacco use exist among working adults. Continued implementation of proven interventions to prevent and reduce all forms of tobacco use among U.S. workers is warranted, particularly among those workers with a higher burden of use. C1 [Syamlal, Girija; Mazurek, Jacek M.] NIOSH, Resp Hlth Div, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. [Jamal, Ahmed] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Syamlal, G (reprint author), 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop HG 900-2, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM gsyamlal@cdc.gov FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was supported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1076-2752 EI 1536-5948 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1185 EP 1189 DI 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000898 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF3QE UT WOS:000390238500007 PM 27930476 ER PT J AU Holt, RL Kann, D Rassbach, CE Schwenk, HT Ritter, JM Rota, PA Elbers, J AF Holt, Rebecca L. Kann, Dylan Rassbach, Caroline E. Schwenk, Hayden T. Ritter, Jana M. Rota, Paul A. Elbers, Jorina TI Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: The Foothold in Undervaccination SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MEASLES-VIRUS; CASE SERIES; ENCEPHALITIS; ANTIBODIES; OUTBREAK; ANTIGEN; DISEASE; SSPE AB Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a fatal complication of measles infection. We present a case of a fully vaccinated 3-year-old boy who was diagnosed with and treated for autoimmune encephalitis before arriving at a diagnosis of SSPE. We discuss the challenges of diagnosing SSPE in developed countries. C1 [Holt, Rebecca L.; Elbers, Jorina] Stanford Childrens Hlth, Dept Neurol, Div Child Neurol, Stanford, CA USA. [Kann, Dylan; Schwenk, Hayden T.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Rassbach, Caroline E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Hosp Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Ritter, Jana M.] Ctr Dis Control, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rota, Paul A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Elbers, J (reprint author), Div Child Neurol, 750 Welch Rd,Suite 317, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM jelbers@stanford.edu OI Elbers, Jorina/0000-0002-7509-8909 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 179 BP 259 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.08.051 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA EF0PD UT WOS:000390027100051 PM 27634625 ER PT J AU Sun, XJ Zeng, H Kumar, A Belser, JA Maines, TR Tumpey, TM AF Sun, Xiangjie Zeng, Hui Kumar, Amrita Belser, Jessica A. Maines, Taronna R. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Constitutively Expressed IFITM3 Protein in Human Endothelial Cells Poses an Early Infection Block to Human Influenza Viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; WEST NILE VIRUS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RECEPTOR-BINDING; DENGUE VIRUS; LUNG INJURY; PATHOGENESIS; H5N1; PH; TRACT AB A role for pulmonary endothelial cells in the orchestration of cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment during influenza virus infection, leading to severe lung damage, has been recently identified. As the mechanistic pathway for this ability is not fully known, we extended previous studies on influenza virus tropism in cultured human pulmonary endothelial cells. We found that a subset of avian influenza viruses, including potentially pandemic H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 viruses, could infect human pulmonary endothelial cells (HULEC) with high efficiency compared to human H1N1 or H3N2 viruses. In HULEC, human influenza viruses were capable of binding to host cellular receptors, becoming internalized and initiating hemifusion but failing to uncoat the viral nucleocapsid and to replicate in host nuclei. Unlike numerous cell types, including epithelial cells, we found that pulmonary endothelial cells constitutively express a high level of the restriction protein IFITM3 in endosomal compartments. IFITM3 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) could partially rescue H1N1 virus infection in HULEC, suggesting IFITM3 proteins were involved in blocking human influenza virus infection in endothelial cells. In contrast, selected avian influenza viruses were able to escape IFITM3 restriction in endothelial cells, possibly by fusing in early endosomes at higher pH or by other, unknown mechanisms. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the human pulmonary endothelium possesses intrinsic immunity to human influenza viruses, in part due to the constitutive expression of IFITM3 proteins. Notably, certain avian influenza viruses have evolved to escape this restriction, possibly contributing to virus-induced pneumonia and severe lung disease in humans. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses, including H5N1 and H7N9, have been associated with severe respiratory disease and fatal outcomes in humans. Although acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and progressive pulmonary endothelial damage are known to be present during severe human infections, the role of pulmonary endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of avian influenza virus infections is largely unknown. By comparing human seasonal influenza strains to avian influenza viruses, we provide greater insight into the interaction of influenza virus with human pulmonary endothelial cells. We show that human influenza virus infection is blocked during the early stages of virus entry, which is likely due to the relatively high expression of the host antiviral factors IFITMs (interferon-induced transmembrane proteins) located in membrane-bound compartments inside cells. Overall, this study provides a mechanism by which human endothelial cells limit replication of human influenza virus strains, whereas avian influenza viruses overcome these restriction factors in this cell type. C1 [Sun, Xiangjie; Zeng, Hui; Kumar, Amrita; Belser, Jessica A.; Maines, Taronna R.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov FU HHS | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This work, including the efforts of Xiangjie Sun, was funded by HHS | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 90 IS 24 BP 11157 EP 11167 DI 10.1128/JVI.01254-16 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA EF2BL UT WOS:000390129300016 PM 27707929 ER PT J AU Leonard, AS McClain, MT Smith, GJD Wentworth, DE Halpin, RA Lin, XD Ransier, A Stockwell, TB Das, SR Gilbert, AS Lambkin-Williams, R Ginsburg, GS Woods, CW Koelle, K AF Leonard, Ashley Sobel McClain, Micah T. Smith, Gavin J. D. Wentworth, David E. Halpin, Rebecca A. Lin, Xudong Ransier, Amy Stockwell, Timothy B. Das, Suman R. Gilbert, Anthony S. Lambkin-Williams, Robert Ginsburg, Geoffrey S. Woods, Christopher W. Koelle, Katia TI Deep Sequencing of Influenza A Virus from a Human Challenge Study Reveals a Selective Bottleneck and Only Limited Intrahost Genetic Diversification SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS; EMBRYONATED CHICKEN EGGS; EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS; MAMMALIAN ADAPTATION; VACCINE PRODUCTION; HEMAGGLUTININ; DIVERSITY; HOST; TRANSMISSION; MUTATIONS AB Knowledge of influenza virus evolution at the point of transmission and at the intrahost level remains limited, particularly for human hosts. Here, we analyze a unique viral data set of next-generation sequencing (NGS) samples generated from a human influenza challenge study wherein 17 healthy subjects were inoculated with cell-and egg-passaged virus. Nasal wash samples collected from 7 of these subjects were successfully deep sequenced. From these, we characterized changes in the subjects' viral populations during infection and identified differences between the virus in these samples and the viral stock used to inoculate the subjects. We first calculated pairwise genetic distances between the subjects' nasal wash samples, the viral stock, and the influenza virus A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) reference strain used to generate the stock virus. These distances revealed that considerable viral evolution occurred at various points in the human challenge study. Further quantitative analyses indicated that (i) the viral stock contained genetic variants that originated and likely were selected for during the passaging process, (ii) direct intranasal inoculation with the viral stock resulted in a selective bottleneck that reduced nonsynonymous genetic diversity in the viral hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein, and (iii) intrahost viral evolution continued over the course of infection. These intrahost evolutionary dynamics were dominated by purifying selection. Our findings indicate that rapid viral evolution can occur during acute influenza infection in otherwise healthy human hosts when the founding population size of the virus is large, as is the case with direct intranasal inoculation. IMPORTANCE Influenza viruses circulating among humans are known to rapidly evolve over time. However, little is known about how influenza virus evolves across single transmission events and over the course of a single infection. To address these issues, we analyze influenza virus sequences from a human challenge experiment that initiated infection with a cell-and egg-passaged viral stock, which appeared to have adapted during its preparation. We find that the subjects' viral populations differ genetically from the viral stock, with subjects' viral populations having lower representation of the amino-acid-changing variants that arose during viral preparation. We also find that most of the viral evolution occurring over single infections is characterized by further decreases in the frequencies of these amino-acid-changing variants and that only limited intrahost genetic diversification through new mutations is apparent. Our findings indicate that influenza virus populations can undergo rapid genetic changes during acute human infections. C1 [Leonard, Ashley Sobel; Koelle, Katia] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [McClain, Micah T.; Ginsburg, Geoffrey S.; Woods, Christopher W.] Duke Ctr Appl Genom & Precis Med, Durham, NC USA. [Smith, Gavin J. D.] Duke NUS Med Sch, Emerging Infect Dis, Lab Virus Evolut, Singapore, Singapore. [Wentworth, David E.; Halpin, Rebecca A.; Lin, Xudong; Ransier, Amy; Stockwell, Timothy B.; Das, Suman R.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. [Gilbert, Anthony S.; Lambkin-Williams, Robert] HVIVO, London, England. [Wentworth, David E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stockwell, Timothy B.] Natl Biodef & Countermeasures Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Leonard, AS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM Ashley.Sobel@duke.edu OI Lambkin-Williams, Robert/0000-0003-2107-0174 FU HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) [U54-GM111274, HHSN272201400006C]; HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [HHSN272200900007C]; HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [T32 GM007171]; DOD | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [N66001-07-C-2024] FX This work, including the efforts of Ashley Sobel Leonard and Katia Koelle, was funded by HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) (U54-GM111274). This work, including the efforts of David E. Wentworth and Suman R. Das, was funded by HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (HHSN272200900007C). This work, including the efforts of Ashley Sobel Leonard, was funded by HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) (T32 GM007171). This work, including the efforts of Gavin J. D. Smith, was funded by HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) (HHSN272201400006C). This work, including the efforts of Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, was funded by DOD | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (N66001-07-C-2024). NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 90 IS 24 BP 11247 EP 11258 DI 10.1128/JVI.01657-16 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA EF2BL UT WOS:000390129300023 ER PT J AU Garzan, A Willby, MJ Green, KD Tsodikov, OV Posey, JE Garneau-Tsodikova, S AF Garzan, Atefeh Willby, Melisa J. Green, Keith D. Tsodikov, Oleg V. Posey, James E. Garneau-Tsodikova, Sylvie TI Discovery and Optimization of Two Eis Inhibitor Families as Kanamycin Adjuvants against Drug-Resistant M. tuberculosis SO ACS MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Aminoglycoside acetyltransferase; resistance; enzyme inactivation; drug combination; structure-activity relationship ID ACETYLTRANSFERASE EIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; AMINOGLYCOSIDE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; ENZYMES AB Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a global threat and innovative approaches such as using adjuvants of anti-TB therapeutics are required to combat it. High-throughput screening yielded two lead scaffolds of inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) acetyltransferase Eis, whose upregulation causes resistance to the anti-TB drug kanamycin (KAN). Chemical optimization on these scaffolds resulted in potent Eis inhibitors. One compound restored the activity of KAN in a KAN-resistant Mtb strain. Model structures of Eis-inhibitor complexes explain the structure activity relationship. C1 [Garzan, Atefeh; Green, Keith D.; Tsodikov, Oleg V.; Garneau-Tsodikova, Sylvie] Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Willby, Melisa J.; Posey, James E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycobacteriol Lab Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Garneau-Tsodikova, S (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.; Posey, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycobacteriol Lab Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jposey@cdc.gov; sylviegtsodikova@uky.edu FU NIH [AI090048]; CCG at the U. Michigan; Firland Foundation; College of Pharmacy at the U. Kentucky FX This work was supported by a NIH Grant AI090048 (S.G.-T.), a grant from the CCG at the U. Michigan (S.G.-T.), a grant from the Firland Foundation (S.G.-T.), and by startup funds from the College of Pharmacy at the U. Kentucky (S.G.-T. and O.V.T.). We thank Steve Vander Roest, Martha Larsen, and Paul Kirchhoff (CCG, UM) for help with HTS. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-5875 J9 ACS MED CHEM LETT JI ACS Med. Chem. Lett. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1219 EP 1221 DI 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00261 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA EE5CK UT WOS:000389622100044 PM 27994767 ER PT J AU Wurzelbacher, SJ Al-Tarawneh, IS Meyers, AR Bushnell, PT Lampl, MP Robins, DC Tseng, CY Wei, C Bertke, SJ Raudabaugh, JA Haviland, TM Schnorr, TM AF Wurzelbacher, Steven J. Al-Tarawneh, Ibraheem S. Meyers, Alysha R. Bushnell, P. Timothy Lampl, Michael P. Robins, David C. Tseng, Chih-Yu Wei, Chia Bertke, Stephen J. Raudabaugh, Jill A. Haviland, Thomas M. Schnorr, Teresa M. TI Development of Methods for Using Workers' Compensation Data for Surveillance and Prevention of Occupational Injuries Among State-Insured Private Employers in Ohio SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE workers' compensation; surveillance; prevention; claims; safety ID WASHINGTON-STATE; PRIORITIZING INDUSTRIES; CODING CAUSATION; ILLNESSES; CARE; DISORDERS; BARRIERS; SECTOR; CLAIMS; BACK AB Background Workers' compensation (WC) claims data may be useful for identifying high-risk industries and developing prevention strategies. Methods WC claims data from private-industry employers insured by the Ohio state-based workers' compensation carrier from 2001 to 2011 were linked with the state's unemployment insurance (UI) data on the employer's industry and number of employees. National Labor Productivity and Costs survey data were used to adjust UI data and estimate full-time equivalents (FTE). Rates of WC claims per 100 FTE were computed and Poisson regression was used to evaluate differences in rates. Results Most industries showed substantial claim count and rate reductions from 2001 to 2008, followed by a leveling or slight increase in claim count and rate from 2009 to 2011. Despite reductions, there were industry groups that had consistently higher rates. Conclusion WC claims data linked to employment data could be used to prioritize industries for injury research and prevention activities among State-insured private employers. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Wurzelbacher, Steven J.; Meyers, Alysha R.; Bushnell, P. Timothy; Tseng, Chih-Yu; Wei, Chia; Bertke, Stephen J.; Haviland, Thomas M.; Schnorr, Teresa M.] NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studie, Ctr Workers Compensat Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Al-Tarawneh, Ibraheem S.; Lampl, Michael P.; Robins, David C.] Ohio Bur Workers Compensat, Div Safety & Hyg, Columbus, OH USA. [Raudabaugh, Jill A.] Adivo Inc, Columbus, OH USA. RP Wurzelbacher, SJ (reprint author), NIOSH, 1090 Tusculum Ave,MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM srw3@cdc.gov FU NIOSH FX This research was supported by NIOSH intramural funds, awarded as part of the competitive National Occupational Research Agenda process. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-3586 EI 1097-0274 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 59 IS 12 BP 1087 EP 1104 DI 10.1002/ajim.22653 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE5GJ UT WOS:000389633300004 PM 27667651 ER PT J AU Kucera, KL Roos, KG Hootman, JM Lipscomb, HJ Dement, JM Silverstein, BA AF Kucera, Kristen L. Roos, Karen G. Hootman, Jennifer M. Lipscomb, Hester J. Dement, John M. Silverstein, Barbara A. TI Work-Related Illness and Injury Claims Among Nationally Certified Athletic Trainers Reported to Washington and California From 2001 to 2011 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE workers' compensation claims; injury; athletic trainer; reporting; musculoskeletal injury ID POISSON REGRESSION-MODELS; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; PHYSICAL-THERAPISTS; OCCUPATIONAL INJURY; HOSPITAL WORKERS; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; COMPENSATION; EXPOSURE; HEALTH AB Background Little is known about the work-related injury and illnesses experienced by certified athletic trainers (AT). Methods The incidence and characteristics of injury/illness claims filed in two workers' compensation systems were described from 2001 to 2011. Yearly populations at risk were estimated from National Athletic Trainers' Association membership statistics. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were reported by job setting. Results Claims were predominantly for traumatic injuries and disorders (82.7%: 45.7% sprains/strains, 12.0% open wounds, 6.5% bruises) and at these body sites (back 17.2%, fingers 12.3%, and knee 9.6%) and over half were caused by body motion and overexertion (51.5%). Compared with school settings, clinic/hospital settings had modestly higher claim rates (IRR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.06-1.52) while other settings (e.g., professional or youth sport, nursing home) had lower claim rates (IRR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44-0.70). Conclusions These first known estimates of work-related injuries/illnesses among a growing healthcare profession help identify occupational tasks and settings imposing injury risk for ATs. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Kucera, Kristen L.; Lipscomb, Hester J.; Dement, John M.] Duke Univ, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Durham, NC USA. [Kucera, Kristen L.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Exercise & Sport Sci, 123 Fetzer Hall,CB 8700, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Roos, Karen G.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hootman, Jennifer M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Silverstein, Barbara A.] State Washington Dept Labor & Ind, Safety & Hlth Assessment & Res Prevent SHARP Prog, Olympia, WA USA. RP Kucera, KL (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Exercise & Sport Sci, 123 Fetzer Hall,CB 8700, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kkucera@email.unc.edu FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [K01 OH009713] FX This study was funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Grant number: K01 OH009713). NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-3586 EI 1097-0274 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 59 IS 12 BP 1156 EP 1168 DI 10.1002/ajim.22648 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE5GJ UT WOS:000389633300011 PM 27779316 ER PT J AU Kawwass, JF Crawford, S Hipp, HS Boulet, SL Kissin, DM Jamieson, DJ AF Kawwass, Jennifer F. Crawford, Sara Hipp, Heather S. Boulet, Sheree L. Kissin, Dmitry M. Jamieson, Denise J. CA Natl ART Surveillance System Grp TI Embryo donation: national trends and outcomes, 2000 through 2013 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE donor; embryo; in vitro fertilization; live birth; outcome; pregnancy; success ID UNITED-STATES; PREGNANCY; PROGRAMS; CYCLES AB BACKGROUND: Limited published data exist detailing outcomes of donor embryo cycles. Patients and clinicians would benefit from information specific to donor embryo cycles to inform fertility treatment options, counselling, and clinical decision-making. OBJECTIVE: We sought to quantify trends in donor embryo cycles in the United States, to characterize donor embryo recipients, and to report transfer, pregnancy, and birth outcomes of donor embryo transfers. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study of frozen donor embryo transfers uses data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National ART Surveillance System to quantify trends in the use of donor embryos and corresponding rates of pregnancy and live birth from 2000 through 2013. For 2007 through 2013, years reflective of current practice, rates of cancellation, pregnancy, miscarriage, live birth, singleton and twin live birth, and delivery of a full-term singleton infant of normal birthweight (>= 37 weeks, >= 2500 g) are reported. RESULTS: Among all frozen transfers from 2000 through 2013 (n = 391,662), the annual number of donor embryo transfers increased significantly from 332-1374, however the proportion of donor embryo transfers among all frozen transfers did not change significantly (2.3-2.6%). Both overall pregnancy and live birth rates per frozen donor embryo transfer increased significantly (33.3-49.1% and 26.5-40.8%, respectively) (P < .01). Among all initiated donor embryo cycles from 2007 through 2013 (n = 7289), the overall cancellation rate prior to transfer was 7.1%. Among all transfers from 2007 through 2013 (n = 6773), 3193 (47.2%) resulted in pregnancy and 2589 (38.2%) resulted in a live birth. Among all pregnancies, 535 (16.9%) resulted in a miscarriage. Among all live births, 1929 (74.5%) delivered a singleton of which 1482 (76.8%) were full term and normal birthweight. CONCLUSION: The increasing availability of donor embryos, low chance of cancellation, and increasing likelihood of achieving live birth can inform consumers and providers who are considering assisted reproductive technology options. Collection of data surrounding donated embryo formation would allow for additional studies that can elucidate predictors of success among donor embryo transfers. C1 [Kawwass, Jennifer F.; Hipp, Heather S.; Kissin, Dmitry M.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Emory Univ, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Emory Reprod Ctr,Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kawwass, Jennifer F.; Crawford, Sara; Hipp, Heather S.; Boulet, Sheree L.; Kissin, Dmitry M.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Natl ART Surveillance System Grp] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kawwass, JF (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Emory Reprod Ctr,Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.; Kawwass, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jennifer.kawwass@emory.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 EI 1097-6868 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 215 IS 6 AR 747.e1-5 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.06.050 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EE3RM UT WOS:000389514400011 PM 27393270 ER PT J AU Okoroh, EM Kroelinger, CD Smith, AM Goodman, DA Barfield, WD AF Okoroh, Ekwutosi M. Kroelinger, Charlan D. Smith, Alexander M. Goodman, David A. Barfield, Wanda D. TI US and territory telemedicine policies: identifying gaps in perinatal care SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maternal; neonate; perinatal regionalization; policy; risk-appropriate care; telemedicine ID HIGH-RISK PREGNANCIES; HEALTH-SERVICES; DELIVERY; IMPACT; TECHNOLOGY; STATEWIDE; MORTALITY; PROGRAM; ANGELS AB BACKGROUND: Perinatal regionalization is a system of maternal and neonatal risk-appropriate health care delivery in which resources are ideally allocated for mothers and newborns during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and postpartum, in order to deliver appropriate care. Typically, perinatal risk-appropriate care is provided in-person, but with the advancement of technologies, the opportunity to provide care remotely has emerged. Telemedicine provides distance-based care to patients by consultation, diagnosis, and treatment in rural or remote US jurisdictions (states and territories). OBJECTIVE: We sought to summarize the telemedicine policies of states and territories and assess if maternal and neonatal risk-appropriate care is specified. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a 2014 systematic World Wide Web-based review of publicly available rules, statutes, regulations, laws, planning documents, and program descriptions among US jurisdictions (N = 59) on telemedicine care. Policies including language on the topics of consultation, diagnosis, or treatment, and those specific to maternal and neonatal risk-appropriate care were categorized for analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 36 jurisdictions (32 states; 3 territories; and District of Columbia) (61%) had telemedicine policies with language referencing consultation, diagnosis, or treatment; 29 (49%) referenced consultation, 30 (51%) referenced diagnosis, and 35 (59%) referenced treatment. In all, 26 jurisdictions (22 states; 3 territories; and District of Columbia) (44%), referenced all topics. Only 3 jurisdictions (3 states; 0 territories) (5%), had policy language specifically addressing perinatal care. CONCLUSION: The majority of states have published telemedicine policies, but few specify policy language for perinatal risk-appropriate care. By ensuring that language specific to the perinatal population is included in telemedicine policies, access to maternal and neonatal care can be increased in rural, remote, and resource-challenged jurisdictions. C1 [Okoroh, Ekwutosi M.; Kroelinger, Charlan D.; Smith, Alexander M.; Goodman, David A.; Barfield, Wanda D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Okoroh, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eokoroh@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 EI 1097-6868 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 215 IS 6 AR 772.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.08.020 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EE3RM UT WOS:000389514400025 PM 27565048 ER PT J AU Simeone, RM Tinker, SC Gilboa, SM Agopian, AJ Oster, ME Devine, OJ Honein, MA AF Simeone, Regina M. Tinker, Sarah C. Gilboa, Suzanne M. Agopian, A. J. Oster, Matthew E. Devine, Owen J. Honein, Margaret A. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Proportion of selected congenital heart defects attributable to recognized risk factors SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heart defects, congenital; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome; Population attributable fraction; Tetralogy of Fallot ID STRUCTURAL BIRTH-DEFECTS; SEROTONIN-REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; BODY-MASS INDEX; UNITED-STATES; CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; MATERNAL SMOKING; EARLY-PREGNANCY; HEALTH-CARE; DISEASE AB Purpose: To assess the contribution of multiple risk factors for two congenital heart defects hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods: We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2011) to estimate average adjusted population attributable fractions for several recognized risk factors, including maternal prepregnancy overweight-obesity, pregestational diabetes, age, and infant sex. Results: There were 594 cases of isolated simple HLHS, 971 cases of isolated simple TOF, and 11,829 controls in the analysis. Overall, 57.0% of HLHS cases and 37.0% of TOF cases were estimated to be attributable to risk factors included in our model. Among modifiable HLHS risk factors, maternal pre-pregnancy overweight-obesity accounted for the largest proportion of cases (6.5%). Among modifiable TOF risk factors, maternal prepregnancy overweight-obesity and maternal age of 35 years or older accounted for the largest proportions of cases (8.3% and 4.3%, respectively). Conclusions: Approximately half of HLHS cases and one-third of TOF cases were estimated to be attributable to risk factors included in our models. Interventions targeting factors that can be modified may help reduce the risk of HLHS and TOF development. Additional research into the etiology of HLHS and TOF may reveal other modifiable risk factors that might contribute to primary prevention efforts. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Simeone, Regina M.; Tinker, Sarah C.; Gilboa, Suzanne M.; Oster, Matthew E.; Devine, Owen J.; Honein, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Congenital & Dev Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Agopian, A. J.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Oster, Matthew E.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. [Devine, Owen J.] Carter Consulting, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Simeone, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rsimeone@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [PA 96043, PA 02081, FOA DD09-001] FX The authors thank Elizabeth Ailes and Annelise Arth for their careful data replication. The authors also extend sincere thanks to the staff and scientists at each National Birth Defects Prevention Study site, as well as to the families who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. This work was supported through cooperative agreements under PA 96043, PA 02081, and FOA DD09-001 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the Centers for Birth Defects Research and Prevention participating in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Coding of drug information in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study used the Slone Drug Dictionary under license from the Slone Epidemiology Center of Boston University. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 EI 1873-2585 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 26 IS 12 BP 838 EP 845 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.10.003 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE6PV UT WOS:000389735600004 PM 27894567 ER PT J AU Hung, MC Ekwueme, DU Rim, SH White, A AF Hung, Mei-Chuan Ekwueme, Donatus U. Rim, Sun Hee White, Arica TI Racial/ethnicity disparities in invasive breast cancer among younger and older women: An analysis using multiple measures of population health SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Breast cancer; Racial health disparity; Incidence and mortality; Survival; Life expectancy and expected years of life lost ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; UNITED-STATES; ADJUVANT THERAPY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; EXPECTED YEARS; WHITE WOMEN; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; RATES; DIAGNOSIS AB Introduction: Few studies have examined age and racial/ethnic disparities in invasive breast cancer among younger (age 15-44 years) vs. older (age 45-64 years) women. This study estimates disparities in breast cancer among younger compared with older women by race/ethnicity using five measures of population health: life expectancy (LE), expected years of life lost (EYLL), cumulative incidence rate (CIR), and incidence and mortality rate ratios (IRR and MRR). Methods: Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, LE and EYLL were estimated from a cohort of 15-44 and 45-64 years, non-Hispanic black (NHB), non-Hispanic white (NHW), and Hispanic women diagnosed with breast cancer, 2000-2013. Survival function was obtained from the study years and then extrapolated to lifetime using the Monte Carlo method. The CIR, IRR and MRR were calculated using 2009-2013 breast cancer incidence and mortality rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries. Results: The estimated LE ranged from 32.12 to 7.42 years for localized to distant stages among younger NHB women compared to 33.05 to 9.95 years for younger NHW women. The estimated EYLL was 12.78 years for younger women, and 4.99 for older women. By race/ethnicity, it was 15.53 years for NHB, 14.23 years for Hispanic and 11.87 years for NHW (P < 0.00025). The CIR for age-group 15-44 years (CIR15-44) indicated a 1 in 86 probability for NHB compared to a 1 in 87 probability for NHW being diagnosed with breast cancer by age 45. The estimated age-adjusted incidence rate for NHB-to-NHW women was IRR = 1.10 (95%, CI = 1.08-1.11) and the corresponding mortality rate was MRR = 2.02 (95%, CI = 1.94-2.11). Conclusions: The breast cancer disparities between younger NHB compared to NHW women highlight the need for expanded efforts to address these disparities through primary prevention and to improve access to quality healthcare to minority women with breast cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hung, Mei-Chuan; Ekwueme, Donatus U.; Rim, Sun Hee; White, Arica] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ekwueme, DU (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM donatus.ekwueme@cdc.hhs.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1877-7821 EI 1877-783X J9 CANCER EPIDEMIOL JI Cancer Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 45 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.canep.2016.10.013 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE3RV UT WOS:000389515900016 PM 27792934 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Tepper, NK Jatlaoui, TC Whiteman, MK AF Curtis, Kathryn M. Tepper, Naomi K. Jatlaoui, Tara C. Whiteman, Maura K. TI Removing medical barriers to contraception - evidence-based recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016 SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; WOMEN C1 [Curtis, Kathryn M.; Tepper, Naomi K.; Jatlaoui, Tara C.; Whiteman, Maura K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 579 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.08.007 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EE2CR UT WOS:000389391800001 PM 27589882 ER PT J AU Jatlaoui, TC Curtis, KM AF Jatlaoui, Tara C. Curtis, Kathryn M. TI Safety and effectiveness data for emergency contraceptive pills among women with obesity: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE Obesity; Weight; BMI; Emergency contraception ID ULIPRISTAL ACETATE; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; BODY-WEIGHT; MASS INDEX; LEVONORGESTREL; TRIAL; METAANALYSIS; EFFICACY; IMPACT AB Objective: This study aims to determine whether emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are less safe and effective for women with obesity compared with those without obesity. Study design: We searched PubMed for articles through November 2015 regarding the safety and effectiveness of ECPs [ulipristal acetate (UPA), levonorgestrel (LNG) and combined estrogen and progestin] among obese users. We assessed study quality using the United States Preventive Services Task Force evidence grading system. Results: We identified four pooled secondary analyses (quality: poor to fair), two of which examined UPA and three examined LNG formulations. Three analyses pooled overlapping data from a total of three primary studies and demonstrated significant associations between obesity and risk of pregnancy after ECP use. One analysis reported a 4-fold increased risk of pregnancy among women with obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) compared with women within normal/underweight categories (BMI<25 kg/m(2)) after use of LNG ECPs [odds ratio (OR) 4.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-9.4]. Further analysis of the same LNG data found that, at an approximate weight of 80 kg, the rate of pregnancy rose above 6%, which is the estimated pregnancy probability without contraception; at weights less than 75 kg, the rate of pregnancy was less than 2%. Two analyses examining UPA suggested an approximate 2-fold increased risk of pregnancy among women with obesity compared with either normal/underweight women or nonobese (BMI<30 kg/m(2)) women (OR 2.6; 95% CI 0.9-7.0 and OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0-4.3, respectively), but CIs were wide. Finally, the fourth secondary analysis pooled data from three separate randomized controlled trials on LNG ECPs and found no increase in pregnancy risk with increasing weight or BMI and found no consistent association between pregnancy and both factors when adjusted for other covariates. Conclusion: While data are limited and poor to fair quality, findings suggest that women with obesity experience an increased risk of pregnancy after use of LNG ECP compared with those normal/underweight. Women with obesity may also experience an increased risk of pregnancy compared with women without obesity after use of UPA ECP, though differences did not reach statistical significance. Providers should counsel all women at risk for unintended pregnancy, including those with obesity, about the effectiveness of the full range of emergency contraception options in order for them to understand their options, to receive advanced supplies of emergency contraception as needed and to understand how to access an emergency copper intrauterine device if desired. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jatlaoui, Tara C.; Curtis, Kathryn M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jatlaoui, TC (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tjatlaoui@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.05.002 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EE2CR UT WOS:000389391800004 PM 27234874 ER PT J AU Whiteman, MK Oduyebo, T Zapata, LB Walker, S Curtis, KM AF Whiteman, Maura K. Oduyebo, Titilope Zapata, Lauren B. Walker, Seth Curtis, Kathryn M. TI Contraceptive safety among women with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE Contraception; Cystic fibrosis; Safety; Effectiveness; Systematic review ID ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; PHARMACOKINETICS; STATEMENT; DISEASE AB Background: With dramatic improvements in life expectancy for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, contraception for women with CF has become an important issue. There are theoretical concerns that hormonal contraceptive use among women with CF may impact disease severity or risk for other adverse health outcomes, including thrombosis and poor bone health, as well as concerns that malabsorption or altered drug metabolism might impact contraceptive effectiveness. Objective: To evaluate evidence on the safety and effectiveness of contraceptive methods among women with CF. Search Strategy: We searched the PubMed database for all articles published from database inception through October 2015. Selection Criteria: We included studies that examined measures of disease severity, other health outcomes or indicators of contraceptive effectiveness among women with CF initiating or continuing a contraceptive method. Results: Seven studies met our inclusion criteria. Three observational studies of fair to poor quality suggest that use of oral contraceptives (OCs) does not negatively impact CF disease severity, defined as changes in pulmonary function, number of exacerbations or need for intravenous antibiotics. Three small studies of poor quality reported on contraceptive failure among women with CF using combined hormonal contraceptives (combined OCs, patch or ring). One pregnancy was reported in a patch user out of 43 hormonal contraceptive users across all studies. One pharmacokinetic study reported that women with CF achieve steroid hormone plasma concentrations similar to healthy women after ingestion of combined OCs. Conclusions: Limited evidence suggests that hormonal contraceptive use does not negatively impact disease severity among women with CF and that hormonal contraceptive effectiveness is not impaired by CF. Studies were limited by small sample sizes and short duration of followup. No studies examined the effect of hormonal contraception on thrombosis or bone health among women with CF. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Whiteman, Maura K.; Oduyebo, Titilope; Zapata, Lauren B.; Curtis, Kathryn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Walker, Seth] Emory Univ, Adult Cyst Fibrosis Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Whiteman, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acq5@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 621 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.05.016 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EE2CR UT WOS:000389391800006 PM 27287694 ER PT J AU Tepper, NK Whiteman, MK Zapata, LB Marchbanks, PA Curtis, KM AF Tepper, Naomi K. Whiteman, Maura K. Zapata, Lauren B. Marchbanks, Polly A. Curtis, Kathryn M. TI Safety of hormonal contraceptives among women with migraine: A systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE Migraine; Combined oral contraceptives; Stroke; Systematic review ID ASSOCIATION/AMERICAN STROKE ASSOCIATION; HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; YOUNG-WOMEN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK; METAANALYSIS; PREVENTION; STATEMENT AB Background: Migraine is common among women of reproductive age and is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are also associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Use of hormonal contraception among women with migraine might further elevate the risk of stroke among women of reproductive age. Objective: To identify evidence regarding the risk of arterial thromboembolism (stroke or myocardial infarction) among women with migraine who use hormonal contraceptives. Methods: We searched the PubMed database for all articles published from database inception through January 2016. We included studies that examined women with migraine overall or separated by subtype (with or without aura). Hormonal contraceptives of interest included combined hormonal methods (COCs, patch and ring) and progestin-only methods (progestin-only pills, injectables, implants and progestin intrauterine devices). Results: Seven articles met inclusion criteria. All were case control studies of fair to poor quality reporting on use of COCs or oral contraceptives (OCs) not further described and all reported stroke outcomes. Four studies demonstrated that, among women with migraine (not separated by subtype), COC use was associated with approximately two to four times the risk of stroke compared with nonuse. The only study to examine specific migraine subtypes found an elevated risk of stroke among women with migraine with aura, and this risk was similar regardless of OC use, although these odds ratios were not reported. Two studies did not report risks among women with migraine and COC use combined, but both found increased risks of stroke with migraine and COC use independently. No evidence was found on other hormonal contraceptives or on risk of myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Limited evidence suggests a two-to fourfold increased risk of stroke among women with migraine who use COCs compared with nonuse. Additional study is needed on the risks of hormonal contraceptives, including combined and progestin-only methods, among women with different migraine subtypes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tepper, Naomi K.; Whiteman, Maura K.; Zapata, Lauren B.; Marchbanks, Polly A.; Curtis, Kathryn M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tepper, NK (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ntepper@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 630 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.04.016 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EE2CR UT WOS:000389391800007 PM 27153744 ER PT J AU Pagano, HP Zapata, LB Berry-Bibee, EN Nanda, K Curtis, KM AF Pagano, H. Pamela Zapata, Lauren B. Berry-Bibee, Erin N. Nanda, Kavita Curtis, Kathryn M. TI Safety of hormonal contraception and intrauterine devices among women with depressive and bipolar disorders: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE Depression; Bipolar disorder; Hormonal contraception; Intrauterine device; Systematic review ID COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATION; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; PERINATAL DEPRESSION; PREVALENCE; MOOD; METAANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION; PREGNANCY; SYMPTOMS; LIFETIME AB Background: Women with depressive or bipolar disorders are at an increased risk for unintended pregnancy. Objective: To examine the safety of hormonal contraception among women with depressive and bipolar disorders. Methods: We searched for articles published through January 2016 on the safety of using any hormonal contraceptive method among women with depressive or bipolar disorders, including those who had been diagnosed clinically or scored above threshold levels on a validated screening instrument. Outcomes included changes in symptoms, hospitalization, suicide and modifications in medication regimens such as increase or decrease in dosage or changes in type of drug. Results: Of 2376 articles, 6 met the inclusion criteria. Of three studies that examined women clinically diagnosed with depressive or bipolar disorder, one found that oral contraceptives (OCs) did not significantly change mood across the menstrual cycle among women with bipolar disorder, whereas mood did significantly change across the menstrual cycle among women not using OCs; one found no significant differences in the frequency of psychiatric hospitalizations among women with bipolar disorder who used depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), intrauterine devices (IUDs) or sterilization; and one found no increase in depression scale scores among women with depression using and not using OCs, for both those treated with fluoxetine and those receiving placebo. Of three studies that examined women who met a threshold for depression on a screening instrument, one found that adolescent girls using combined OCs (COCs) had significantly improved depression scores after 3 months compared with placebo, one found that OC users had similar odds of no longer being depressed at follow-up compared with nonusers, and one found that COC users were less frequently classified as depressed over 11 months than IUD users. Conclusions: Limited evidence from six studies found that OC, levonorgestrel-releasing IUD and DMPA use among women with depressive or bipolar disorders was not associated with worse clinical course of disease compared with no hormonal method use. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Pagano, H. Pamela; Zapata, Lauren B.; Berry-Bibee, Erin N.; Curtis, Kathryn M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Nanda, Kavita] FHI360, Durham, NC USA. RP Pagano, HP (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hpagano@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 641 EP 649 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.06.012 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EE2CR UT WOS:000389391800008 PM 27364100 ER PT J AU Berry-Bibee, EN Kim, MJ Simmons, KB Tepper, NK Riley, HEM Pagano, HP Curtis, KM AF Berry-Bibee, Erin N. Kim, Myong-Jin Simmons, Katharine B. Tepper, Naomi K. Riley, Halley E. M. Pagano, H. Pamela Curtis, Kathryn M. TI Drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and psychotropic drugs: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE Hormonal contraception; Drug interactions; Psychotropic drugs; Depression; Anxiety ID DOSE ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MENTAL-HEALTH; CLOMIPRAMINE; PREGNANCY; WOMEN; AGE; DEPRESSION; CLOZAPINE; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Objective: To examine whether the co-administration of hormonal contraceptives (HC) and psychotropic drugs commonly used to treat anxiety and/or depression results in safety or efficacy concerns for either drug. Methods: We searched PubMed and Cochrane libraries for clinical or pharmacokinetic (PK) studies that examined co-administration of any HC with psychotropic drugs [selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), oral benzodiazepines, bupropion, mirtazapine, trazadone, buspirone, hydroxyzine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), or atypical antipsychotics] in reproductive aged women. Results: Of 555 articles identified, 22 articles (18 studies) met inclusion criteria. We identified 5 studies on SSRIs, four on TCAs, one on bupropion, three on atypical antipsychotics and five on oral benzodiazepines. No articles met inclusion criteria for SNRIs, mirtazapine, trazadone, buspirone, hydroxyzine or MAOIs. Overall, clinical studies did not demonstrate differences in unintended pregnancy rates when HCs were administered with and without psychotropic drugs or in psychotropic drug treatment outcomes when psychotropic drugs were administered with and without HCs. PK studies did not demonstrate changes in drug exposure related to contraceptive safety, contraceptive effectiveness or psychotropic drug effectiveness for most classes of psychotropic drugs. However, limited PK data raise concern for HCs increasing systemic exposure of amitriptyline and imipramine (both TCAs), theoretically posing safety concerns. Conclusion: Limited quality and quantity evidence on use of psychotropic drugs and HCs suggests low concern for clinically significant interactions, though no data exist specifically for non-oral formulations of HC. Given the high frequency of use for both HCs and psychotropic drugs among reproductive-age women in the US, this review highlights a need for further research in this area. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Berry-Bibee, Erin N.; Simmons, Katharine B.; Tepper, Naomi K.; Riley, Halley E. M.; Pagano, H. Pamela; Curtis, Kathryn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kim, Myong-Jin] US FDA, Off Clin Pharmacol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Berry-Bibee, EN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wnw4@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 650 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.011 PG 18 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EE2CR UT WOS:000389391800009 PM 27444984 ER PT J AU Berry-Bibee, EN Kim, MJ Tepper, NK Riley, HEM Curtis, KM AF Berry-Bibee, Erin N. Kim, Myong-Jin Tepper, Naomi K. Riley, Halley E. M. Curtis, Kathryn M. TI Co-administration of St. John's wort and hormonal contraceptives: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE St. John's wort; Hypericum peiforatum; Hormonal contraception; Drug interactions; Depression ID ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; PHARMACOKINETICS; COMPLEMENTARY; ADULTS; TRENDS; DRUGS AB Objectives: St. John's wort (SJW) is a known strong inducer of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3 A4 enzyme, and both the ethinyl estradiol and progestin components of hormonal contraceptives are substrates of CYP3A4. This systematic review examined whether the co-administration of SJW and hormonal contraceptives leads to significant safety or efficacy concerns. Study design: Systematic review. Methods: PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles of any comparative study design (clinical or pharmacokinetic) that examined potential interactions between SJW and hormonal contraceptives in women of reproductive age. Results: Of the 48 identified articles, four studies met inclusion criteria and compared use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) alone to the use of COCs co-administered with SJW. Two studies demonstrated no change in markers of ovulation, but one study demonstrated increased follicular growth and probable ovulation when COCs were co-administered with SJW. Three studies demonstrated an increased risk of breakthrough bleeding with COCs and SJW. Three studies showed changes in at least one pharmacokinetic parameter that suggested a significantly decreased exposure to hormone concentrations when COCs were co-administered with SJW. The only study that did not demonstrate any significant pharmacokinetic differences examined a SJW product containing a low amount of hypericin. Conclusion: Limited evidence showing increased risk of ovulation and breakthrough bleeding raises concern for decreased contraceptive efficacy when COCs are co-administered with SJW. The pharmacokinetic evidence is mixed but suggests that SJW administration may be associated with weak to moderate induction of the metabolism of COCs. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Berry-Bibee, Erin N.; Tepper, Naomi K.; Riley, Halley E. M.; Curtis, Kathryn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kim, Myong-Jin] US FDA, Off Clin Pharmacol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Berry-Bibee, EN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wnw4@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 31 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 668 EP 677 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.010 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EE2CR UT WOS:000389391800010 PM 27444983 ER PT J AU Tepper, NK Whiteman, MK Marchbanksa, PA James, AH Curtis, KM AF Tepper, Naomi K. Whiteman, Maura K. Marchbanksa, Polly A. James, Andra H. Curtis, Kathryn M. TI Progestin-only contraception and thromboembolism: A systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE Progestin-only contraception; Venous thromboembolism; Stroke; Myocardial infarction; Systematic review ID DOSE ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; NATIONAL CASE-CONTROL; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION; RISK-FACTORS; YOUNG-WOMEN; THROMBOSIS; USERS; METAANALYSIS AB Background: Women with medical conditions associated with increased risk for thrombosis generally should not use estrogen-containing contraceptives; however, less is known about progestin-only contraceptives (POCs) and thrombosis risk. Objectives: The objective was to identify evidence regarding the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) or arterial thromboembolism [stroke or acute myocardial infarction (AMI)] among women using POCs. Methods: We searched the PubMed database for all articles published from database inception through January 2016 for studies examining thrombosis among women using POCs. We included studies which examined women with medical conditions associated with thrombosis risk, as well as studies of women in the general population (either without these conditions or who were not specified to have these conditions). Hormonal contraceptives of interest included progestin-only pills (POPs), injectables, implants and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (LNG-IUDs). Outcomes of interest included VTE, stroke and AMI. Results: There were 26 articles of good to poor quality that met inclusion criteria; 9 studies examined women with medical conditions and 20 examined women in the general population. Two studies found that, among smokers and women with certain thrombogenic mutations, use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) had elevated odds of VTE compared with nonsmokers or those without mutations, although confidence intervals were wide and overlapped with odds among nonusers. One study found that, among women with previous VTE, use of POCs (including DMPA) was associated with a nonsignificant increased odds of recurrent VTE (all of which were among DMPA users); two other studies that examined POCs other than DMPA did not observe an association with recurrent VTE. Two studies found that use of DMPA among healthy women was also associated with increased odds of VTE. Two studies found that use of POCs for therapeutic indications was associated with increased odds of VTE. Studies did not fmd increased odds of VTE with POPs for contraceptive purposes, implants or LNG-IUDs nor were there increased odds of stroke or AMI with any POCs. Conclusion: The majority of evidence identified by this systematic review did not suggest an increase in odds for venous or arterial events with use of most POCs. Limited evidence suggested increased odds of VTE with use of injectables (three studies) and use of POCs for therapeutic indications (two studies, one with POCs unspecified and the other with POPs). Any increase in risk likely translates to a small increase in absolute numbers of thrombotic events at the population level. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tepper, Naomi K.; Whiteman, Maura K.; Marchbanksa, Polly A.; Curtis, Kathryn M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [James, Andra H.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Tepper, NK (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ntepper@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 678 EP 700 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.04.014 PG 23 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EE2CR UT WOS:000389391800011 PM 27153743 ER PT J AU Jatlaoui, TC Simmons, KB Curtis, KM AF Jatlaoui, Tara C. Simmons, Katharine B. Curtis, Kathryn M. TI The safety of intrauterine contraception initiation among women with current asymptomatic cervical infections or at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE Intrauterine device; Cervical infection; Pelvic inflammatory disease; Gonorrhea; Chlamydia ID PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; ACTING REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTION; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION; DEVICE INSERTION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; UNITED-STATES; IUD; LEVONORGESTREL; PREVALENCE AB Objective: The objective was to assess risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (RD) among women with current asymptomatic undiagnosed cervical infection or who are at high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), comparing those who have a copper-bearing (Cu-) or levonorgestrel (LNG-) intrauterine device (IUD) placed with women who do not. Study design: We searched PubMed and Cochrane Library for articles from January 1984 through January 2016 addressing our objective. We assessed study quality using the United States Preventive Services Task Force evidence grading system. Results: Our search strategy yielded 2220 articles, of which 10 met inclusion criteria. Two studies provided direct evidence of PM rates in women with undiagnosed gonococcal or chlamydial (GC/CT) infection or at high risk for STIs initiating IUDs versus other contraceptive methods (level II-2, fair to poor), and neither study found a difference. Eight studies provided indirect evidence (II-2 to II-3, fair to poor). One study found no difference in PID rates between initiators of Cu- versus LNG-IUDs. Five studies compared algorithms based on patient factors with laboratory GC/CT screening to predict cervical infection. Based on 'likelihood ratios, none of these algorithms adequately identified women at high risk of asymptomatic cervical infection who should not undergo IUD placement. Two studies compared IUD placement on the same day as STI screening with delayed placement after screening and found no difference in HD rates. Conclusion: Limited evidence suggests that IUD placement does not increase the risk of PID compared with no IUD placement among women with asymptomatic undiagnosed cervical infection or at high risk of STIs. Algorithms based on patient characteristics to identify women with asymptomatic GC/CT may be overly restrictive, leading to missed opportunities for IUD initiation. Historical concerns about higher PID risk among women at risk for STIs who use IUDs may not be relevant with modern devices and STI screening and treatment practices. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jatlaoui, Tara C.; Simmons, Katharine B.; Curtis, Kathryn M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Jatlaoui, TC (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM tjatlaoui@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 701 EP 712 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.05.013 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EE2CR UT WOS:000389391800012 PM 27263041 ER PT J AU Berry-Bibee, EN Tepper, NK Jatlaoui, TC Whiteman, MK Jamieson, DJ Curtis, KM AF Berry-Bibee, Erin N. Tepper, Naomi K. Jatlaoui, Tara C. Whiteman, Maura K. Jamieson, Denise J. Curtis, Kathryn M. TI The safety of intrauterine devices in breastfeeding women: a systematic review SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE IUD; Intrauterine device; breastfeeding; uterine perforation ID UTERINE PERFORATION; COPPER-T; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; FERTILITY REGULATION; LACTATING WOMEN; NURSING WOMEN; INFANT GROWTH; IUD; PERFORMANCE; POSTPARTUM AB Objectives: To investigate levonorgestrel (LNG)-releasing and copper-bearing (Cu) intrauterine device (IUD) safety among breastfeeding women and, for Cu-IUD use, breastfeeding performance and infant health. Study design: Systematic review. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov for articles through January 2016. We included studies of Cu-IUD or LNG-IUD users comparing IUD-specific (perforation, expulsion) and other contraceptive-related (infection, removal/cessation due to bleeding/pain and other adverse events) outcomes for breastfeeding vs. non-breastfeeding women. We also included studies of breastfeeding women comparing contraceptive-related outcome for IUD-users vs. other contraceptive-method users. Finally, we included studies comparing breastfeeding outcomes among Cu-IUD users to users of other nonhormonal contraceptives or no contraception. Results: Of 548 articles identified, 23 (16 studies) met the inclusion criteria. Two studies suggested that the risk of IUD perforation was 6-10 times higher among breastfeeding vs. non-breastfeeding women. Seven studies suggested that risks for other adverse events were similar or lower among breastfeeding vs. non-breastfeeding women. Three studies among breastfeeding women found no increased risk of adverse events in IUD users vs. nonusers. Breastfeeding performance and infant growth were similar for Cu-IUD users and users of other nonhormonal methods or no contraception. Conclusion: Overall, risks for adverse events among IUD users, including expulsion, pain and removals, were similar or lower for breastfeeding women vs. non-breastfeeding women. Uterine perforation with IUDs, while rare, appeared more frequent among breastfeeding women. No evidence indicated that Cu-IUD use in breastfeeding women influences breastfeeding performance or infant growth. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Berry-Bibee, Erin N.; Tepper, Naomi K.; Jatlaoui, Tara C.; Whiteman, Maura K.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Curtis, Kathryn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Berry-Bibee, EN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM wnw4@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 EI 1879-0518 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 725 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.006 PG 14 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA EE2CR UT WOS:000389391800014 PM 27421765 ER PT J AU Salzer, JS Pinto, CM Grippi, DC Williams-Newkirk, AJ Peterhans, JK Rwego, IB Carroll, DS Gillespie, TR AF Salzer, Johanna S. Miguel Pinto, C. Grippi, Dylan C. Williams-Newkirk, Amanda Jo Peterhans, Julian Kerbis Rwego, Innocent B. Carroll, Darin S. Gillespie, Thomas R. TI Impact of Anthropogenic Disturbance on Native and Invasive Trypanosomes of Rodents in Forested Uganda SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE disease; small mammals; forest fragment; Kibale National Park; Praomys; Rattus; Trypanosoma lewisi; Trypanosoma varani ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; WILD RODENTS; LONG-TERM; PARASITES; PATTERNS; HOSTS; RISK; BIODIVERSITY; PREVALENCE AB Habitat disturbance and anthropogenic change are globally associated with extinctions and invasive species introductions. Less understood is the impact of environmental change on the parasites harbored by endangered, extinct, and introduced species. To improve our understanding of the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on such host-parasite interactions, we investigated an invasive trypanosome (Trypanosoma lewisi). We screened 348 individual small mammals, representing 26 species, from both forested and non-forested habitats in rural Uganda. Using microscopy and PCR, we identified 18% of individuals (order Rodentia) as positive for trypanosomes. Further phylogenetic analyses revealed two trypanosomes circulating-T. lewisi and T. varani. T. lewisi was found in seven species both native and invasive, while T. varani was identified in only three native forest species. The lack of T. varani in non-forested habitats suggests that it is a natural parasite of forest-dwelling rodents. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic disturbance may lead to spillover of an invasive parasite (T. lewisi) from non-native to native species, and lead to local co-extinction of a native parasite (T. varani) and native forest-dwelling hosts. C1 [Salzer, Johanna S.; Grippi, Dylan C.; Williams-Newkirk, Amanda Jo; Gillespie, Thomas R.] Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, 400 Dowman Dr,Math & Sci Ctr 5th Floor, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Salzer, Johanna S.; Williams-Newkirk, Amanda Jo; Rwego, Innocent B.; Carroll, Darin S.; Gillespie, Thomas R.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Salzer, Johanna S.; Carroll, Darin S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch Div High Consequence Pat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Miguel Pinto, C.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mammal, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Miguel Pinto, C.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Miguel Pinto, C.] Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Ciencias Biol, POB 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador. [Williams-Newkirk, Amanda Jo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Peterhans, Julian Kerbis] Roosevelt Univ, Coll Profess Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Peterhans, Julian Kerbis] Field Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Rwego, Innocent B.; Gillespie, Thomas R.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Rwego, Innocent B.] Makerere Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kampala, Uganda. RP Gillespie, TR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, 400 Dowman Dr,Math & Sci Ctr 5th Floor, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.; Gillespie, TR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.; Gillespie, TR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM thomas.gillespie@emory.edu FU Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University Environmental Science Department; CDC FX This research was supported in part by the Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University Environmental Science Department, and the appointment of J.S.S. to the Research Participation Program administered by Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an Interagency Agreement with CDC. The authors thank the Uganda Wildlife Authority, Uganda National Council for Science and Technology, Makerere University Biological Field Station and local authorities for permission to conduct this study. The authors are thankful to J. de Roode for his encouragement and interests in investigating blood-borne pathogens. The authors thank S. Ockers, C. Akora, and I. Mwesige who provided valuable assistance in the field and K. Cross for assistance in the laboratory. The authors also thank S. L. Perkins, J. N. Mills, I. K. Damon, W. Stanley, U. Kitron, R. R. Lash, and S. P. Montgomery for helpful comments, logistical, and/or analytical assistance. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2016 VL 13 IS 4 BP 698 EP 707 DI 10.1007/s10393-016-1160-6 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE9AQ UT WOS:000389918400011 PM 27655649 ER PT J AU Hegde, ST Sazzad, HMS Hossain, MJ Alam, MU Kenah, E Daszak, P Rollin, P Rahman, M Luby, SP Gurley, ES AF Hegde, Sonia T. Sazzad, Hossain M. S. Hossain, M. Jahangir Alam, Mahbub-Ul Kenah, Eben Daszak, Peter Rollin, Pierre Rahman, Mahmudur Luby, Stephen P. Gurley, Emily S. TI Investigating Rare Risk Factors for Nipah Virus in Bangladesh: 2001-2012 SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE Nipah virus; Bangladesh; risk factors; zoonoses; rare exposures; prevention ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; DATE PALM SAP; ATTRIBUTABLE RISK; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; DISEASE; ENCEPHALITIS; HUMANS AB Human Nipah encephalitis outbreaks have been identified almost yearly in Bangladesh since 2001. Though raw date palm sap consumption and person-to-person contact are recognized as major transmission pathways, alternative pathways of transmission are plausible and may not have been identified due to limited statistical power in each outbreak. We conducted a risk factor analysis using all 157 cases and 632 controls surveyed in previous investigations during 2004-2012 to identify exposures independently associated with Nipah, since date palm sap was first asked about as an exposure in 2004. To further explore possible rare exposures, we also conducted in-depth interviews with all cases, or proxies, since 2001 that reported no exposure to date palm sap or contact with another case. Cases were 4.9 (95% 3.2-7.7) times more likely to consume raw date palm sap and 7.3 (95% 4.0-13.4) times more likely to have contact with a Nipah case than controls. In-depth interviews revealed that 39/182 (21%) of Nipah cases reporting neither date palm sap consumption nor contact with another case were misclassified. Prevention efforts should be focused on interventions to interrupt transmission through date palm sap consumption and person-to-person contact. Furthermore, pooling outbreak investigation data is a good method for assessing rare exposures. C1 [Hegde, Sonia T.; Rollin, Pierre; Luby, Stephen P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hegde, Sonia T.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sazzad, Hossain M. S.; Hossain, M. Jahangir; Alam, Mahbub-Ul; Gurley, Emily S.] Icddr B, Ctr Communicable Dis Icddr B 68, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Hossain, M. Jahangir] MRC Unit, Banjul, Gambia. [Kenah, Eben] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Daszak, Peter] EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY USA. [Rahman, Mahmudur] Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Luby, Stephen P.] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Gurley, ES (reprint author), Icddr B, Ctr Communicable Dis Icddr B 68, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM egurley@icddrb.org RI Gurley, Emily/B-7903-2010; OI Gurley, Emily/0000-0002-8648-9403; Hegde, Sonia/0000-0001-6426-0096 FU icddr,b; CDC [5U01CI000628-01]; NIH (Bangladesh-NIH/Emerging) [07-015-0712- 52200] FX Funded by icddr,b and CDC cooperative agreement (no. 5U01CI000628-01), NIH Grant No. 07-015-0712- 52200 (Bangladesh-NIH/Emerging). icddr,b is grateful to the Governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden and the UK for providing core/unrestricted support. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2016 VL 13 IS 4 BP 720 EP 728 DI 10.1007/s10393-016-1166-0 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE9AQ UT WOS:000389918400013 PM 27738775 ER PT J AU Yu, W Gwinn, M Dotson, WD Green, RF Clyne, M Wulf, A Bowen, S Kolor, K Khoury, MJ AF Yu, Wei Gwinn, Marta Dotson, W. David Green, Ridgely Fisk Clyne, Mindy Wulf, Anja Bowen, Scott Kolor, Katherine Khoury, Muin J. TI A knowledge base for tracking the impact of genomics on population health SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION; MEDICINE; BEDSIDE AB Purpose: We created an online knowledge base (the Public Health Genoinics Knowledge Base (PHGKB)) to provide system, atically curated and updated informatkin that bridges population-based research on genomics with clinical and public health applications Methods: Weekly horizon scanning of a wide variety of online, resources is used to-retrieve relevant scientific publications, guide, lines, and commentaries. After curation by domain experts, links are deposited-inta Web-based databases. Results: PHGKB currently consists of nine component databases. Users can search the entire knowledge base or search one or more component databases directly and choose options. for customizing the display of their search results. Conclusion: PHGKB offers researchers, policy makers, practitioners, and the general public a way to fmd information they need to tinder- stand the complicated landscape of genomics and population health. C1 [Yu, Wei; Gwinn, Marta; Dotson, W. David; Green, Ridgely Fisk; Wulf, Anja; Bowen, Scott; Kolor, Katherine; Khoury, Muin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gwinn, Marta] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Green, Ridgely Fisk] Carter Consulting Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Clyne, Mindy] NCI, Epidemiol & Genom Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Clyne, Mindy] Kelly Serv, Troy, NY USA. [Wulf, Anja] Cadence Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. EM wby0@cdc.gov OI Dotson, William David/0000-0002-9606-6594 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1098-3600 EI 1530-0366 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1312 EP 1314 DI 10.1038/gim.2016.63 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA EE4HU UT WOS:000389563700022 PM 27280867 ER PT J AU Pathela, P Jamison, K Papadouka, V Kabir, R Markowitz, LE Dunne, EF Schillinger, JA AF Pathela, Preeti Jamison, Kelly Papadouka, Vikki Kabir, Rezaul Markowitz, Lauri E. Dunne, Eileen F. Schillinger, Julia A. TI Measuring Adolescent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Coverage: A Match of Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic and Immunization Registry Data SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE AB Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for adolescents. By the end of 2013, 64% of female and 40% of male New York City residents aged 13-18 years had received >= 1 HPV vaccine dose. Adolescents attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics are at high risk for HPV exposure and could benefit from vaccination. Our objective was to estimate HPV vaccination coverage for this population. Methods: We matched records of New York City's STD clinic patients aged 13-18 years during 2010-2013 with the Citywide Immunization Registry. We assessed HPV vaccine initiation (>= 1 dose) and series completion (>= 3 doses among those who initiated) as of clinic visit date and by patient demographics. We compared receipt of >= 1 dose for HPV, tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis, and meningococcal conjugate vaccine. Results: Eighty-two percent of clinic attendees (13,505/16,364) had records in the Citywide Immunization Registry. Receipt of >= 1 HPV dose increased during 2010-2013 (females: 57.6%-69.7%; males: 1.5%-36.3%). Among females, >= 1-dose coverage was lowest among whites (53.4%) and highest among Hispanics (73.3%); among males, >= 1-dose coveragewas lowest among whites (6.9%) and highest among Asians (20.9%). Series completion averaged 57.7% (females) and 28.0% (males), with little variation by race/ethnicity or poverty level. Receipt of >= 1 dose was 59.7% for HPV, 82% for tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis, and 76% for meningococcal conjugate vaccines. Conclusions: HPV vaccine initiation and completion were low among adolescent STD clinic patients; coverage was lower compared with other recommended vaccines. STD clinics may be good venues for delivering HPV vaccine, thereby enhancing efforts to improve HPV vaccination. (C) 2016 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Pathela, Preeti; Jamison, Kelly; Schillinger, Julia A.] Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 42-09 28th St,CN 73, Queens, NY 11101 USA. [Papadouka, Vikki; Kabir, Rezaul] Bur Immunizat, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Queens, NY USA. [Markowitz, Lauri E.; Dunne, Eileen F.; Schillinger, Julia A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dunne, Eileen F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pathela, P (reprint author), Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 42-09 28th St,CN 73, Queens, NY 11101 USA. EM ppathela@health.nyc.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X EI 1879-1972 J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 59 IS 6 BP 710 EP 715 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.07.021 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA EE3XM UT WOS:000389534900016 PM 27671357 ER PT J AU Cauley, JA Barbour, KE Harrison, SL Cloonan, YK Danielson, ME Ensrud, KE Fink, HA Orwoll, ES Boudreau, R AF Cauley, Jane A. Barbour, Kamil E. Harrison, Stephanie L. Cloonan, Yona K. Danielson, Michelle E. Ensrud, Kristine E. Fink, Howard A. Orwoll, Eric S. Boudreau, Robert TI Inflammatory Markers and the Risk of Hip and Vertebral Fractures in Men: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CYTOKINES; AGING; OSTEOPOROSIS; GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES; FRACTURE RISK ASSESSMENT ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; MOBILITY LIMITATION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; FACTOR-ALPHA; OLDER MEN; HEALTHY PREMENOPAUSAL; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PHYSICAL FUNCTION AB Cytokines play major roles in regulating bone remodeling, but their relationship to incident fractures in older men is uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that men with higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory markers have a higher risk of fracture. We used a case-cohort design and measured inflammatory markers in a random sample of 961 men and in men with incident fractures including 120 clinical vertebral, 117 hip, and 577 non-spine fractures; average follow-up 6.13 years (7.88 years for vertebral fractures). We measured interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), soluble receptors (SR) of IL-6 (IL-6SR) and TNF (TNFSR1 and TNFSR2), and IL-10. The risk of non-spine, hip, and clinical vertebral fracture was compared across quartiles (Q) of inflammatory markers using Cox proportional hazard models with tests for linear trend. In multivariable-adjusted models, men with the highest (Q4) TNFa cytokine concentrations and their receptors had a 2.0-4.2-fold higher risk of hip and clinical vertebral fracture than men with the lowest (Q1). Results were similar for all non-spine fractures, but associations were smaller. There was no association between CRP and IL-6SR and fracture. Men in the highest Q of IL-10 had a 49% lower risk of vertebral fracture compared with men in Q1. Among men with 3 inflammatory markers in the highest Q, the hazard ratio (HR) for hip fractures was 2.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-3.71) and for vertebral fracture 3.06 (1.66-5.63). The HRs for hip fracture were attenuated by 27%, 27%, and 15%, respectively, after adjusting for appendicular lean mass (ALM), disability, and bone density, suggesting mediating roles. ALM also attenuated the HR for vertebral fractures by 10%. There was no association between inflammation and rate of hip BMD loss. We conclude that inflammation may play an important role in the etiology of fractures in older men. (c) 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. C1 [Cauley, Jane A.; Cloonan, Yona K.; Danielson, Michelle E.; Boudreau, Robert] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, 130 DeSoto St,A510, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Barbour, Kamil E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Harrison, Stephanie L.] Calif Pacific Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. [Ensrud, Kristine E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Box 736 UMHC, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ensrud, Kristine E.; Fink, Howard A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Ensrud, Kristine E.; Fink, Howard A.] VA Hlth Care Syst, Ctr Chron Dis Outcomes Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Fink, Howard A.] VA Hlth Care Syst, Geriatr Educ & Clin Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Orwoll, Eric S.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Bone & Mineral Unit, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Cauley, JA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, 130 DeSoto St,A510, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM jcauley@edc.pitt.edu FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute on Aging (NIA); National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS); NIH Roadmap for Medical Research [U01 AG027810, U01 AG042124, U01 AG042139, U01 AG042140, U01 AG042143, U01 AG042145, U01 AG042168, U01 AR066160, UL1 TR000128]; NIAMS for JAC's grant [P60 AR054731] FX The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study is supported by National Institutes of Health funding. The following institutes provide support: the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research under the following grant numbers: U01 AG027810, U01 AG042124, U01 AG042139, U01 AG042140, U01 AG042143, U01 AG042145, U01 AG042168, U01 AR066160, and UL1 TR000128. Additional funding was obtained from NIAMS for JAC's grant entitled, "Inflammation and Aging: Cytokines, Bone Loss, and Fracture in Older Men," P60 AR054731. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0884-0431 EI 1523-4681 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2129 EP 2138 DI 10.1002/jbmr.2905 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA EE2WF UT WOS:000389445100010 PM 27371811 ER PT J AU Patel, P Ordunez, P DiPette, D Escobar, MC Hassell, T Wyss, F Hennis, A Asma, S Angell, S AF Patel, Pragna Ordunez, Pedro DiPette, Donald Escobar, Maria Cristina Hassell, Trevor Wyss, Fernando Hennis, Anselm Asma, Samira Angell, Sonia CA Standardized Hypertension TI Improved Blood Pressure Control to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality: The Standardized Hypertension Treatment and Prevention Project SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES; DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEMS; PUBLIC-HEALTH APPROACH; CHRONIC CARE MODEL; INCOME COUNTRIES; CHRONIC ILLNESS; MANAGEMENT; AWARENESS; PREVALENCE; THERAPY AB Hypertension is the leading remediable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide, and is responsible for more than 10 million preventable deaths globally each year. While hypertension can be successfully diagnosed and treated, only one in seven persons with hypertension have controlled blood pressure. To meet the challenge of improving the control of hypertension, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, the authors developed the Standardized Hypertension Treatment and Prevention Project, which involves a health systems-strengthening approach that advocates for standardized hypertension management using evidence-based interventions. These interventions include the use of standardized treatment protocols, a core set of medications along with improved procurement mechanisms to increase the availability and affordability of these medications, registries for cohort monitoring and evaluation, patient empowerment, team-based care (task shifting), and community engagement. With political will and strong partnerships, this approach provides the groundwork to reduce high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality. C1 [Patel, Pragna; Asma, Samira; Angell, Sonia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Ordunez, Pedro; Hennis, Anselm] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. [DiPette, Donald] Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [DiPette, Donald] Univ South Carolina, Sch Med, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Escobar, Maria Cristina] Ministerio Salud Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Hassell, Trevor] Healthy Caribbean Coalit, Bridgetown, Barbados. [Wyss, Fernando] Interamerican Soc Cardiol, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Patel, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ppatel1@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1524-6175 EI 1751-7176 J9 J CLIN HYPERTENS JI J. Clin. Hypertens. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1284 EP 1294 DI 10.1111/jch.12861 PG 11 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA EE7UX UT WOS:000389831200016 PM 27378199 ER PT J AU Sharapov, UM Wendel, AM Davis, JP Keene, WE Farrar, J Sodha, S Hyytia-Trees, E Leeper, M Gerner-Smidt, P Griffin, PM Braden, C AF Sharapov, Umid M. Wendel, Arthur M. Davis, Jeffrey P. Keene, William E. Farrar, Jeffrey Sodha, Samir Hyytia-Trees, Eija Leeper, Molly Gerner-Smidt, Peter Griffin, Patricia M. Braden, Chris CA Outbreak Invest Team TI Multistate Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Associated with Consumption of Fresh Spinach: United States, 2006 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analyses; Outbreak; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Spinach ID O157-H7; CALIFORNIA AB During September to October, 2006, state and local health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigated a large, multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections. Case patients were interviewed regarding specific foods consumed and other possible exposures. E. coli O157:H7 strains isolated from human and food specimens were subtyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analyses (MLVA). Two hundred twenty-five cases (191 confirmed and 34 probable) were identified in 27 states; 116 (56%) case patients were hospitalized, 39 (19%) developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, and 5 (2%) died. Among 176 case patients from whom E. coli O157:H7 with the outbreak genotype (MLVA outbreak strain) was isolated and who provided details regarding spinach exposure, 161 (91%) reported fresh spinach consumption during the 10 days before illness began. Among 116 patients who provided spinach brand information, 106 (91%) consumed bagged brand A. E. coli O157:H7 strains were isolated from 13 bags of brand A spinach collected from patients' homes; isolates from 12 bags had the same MLVA pattern. Comprehensive epidemiologic and laboratory investigations associated this large multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections with consumption of fresh bagged spinach. MLVA, as a supplement to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping of case patient isolates, was important to discern outbreak-related cases. This outbreak resulted in enhanced federal and industry guidance to improve the safety of leafy green vegetables and launched an independent collaborative approach to produce safety research in 2007. C1 [Sharapov, Umid M.; Wendel, Arthur M.; Sodha, Samir] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Sharapov, Umid M.; Sodha, Samir; Hyytia-Trees, Eija; Leeper, Molly; Gerner-Smidt, Peter; Griffin, Patricia M.; Braden, Chris] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Wendel, Arthur M.; Davis, Jeffrey P.] Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, 1 West Wilson St,POB 2659, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Keene, William E.] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, 800 NE Oregon St, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Farrar, Jeffrey] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, POB 997377,MS 0500, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA. RP Sharapov, UM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.; Sharapov, UM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM usharapov@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 79 IS 12 BP 2024 EP 2030 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-556 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA EE4JE UT WOS:000389567300001 PM 28221950 ER PT J AU Beckman, MG Abe, K Barnes, K Bartman, B Brady, PJ Hooper, WC AF Beckman, Michele G. Abe, Karon Barnes, Kelly Bartman, Barbara Brady, P. Jeffrey Hooper, W. Craig TI Strategies and Partnerships Toward Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Venous Thromboembolism SO JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EVENTS C1 [Beckman, Michele G.; Abe, Karon; Hooper, W. Craig] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, 4770 Buford Highway,MS E-64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Barnes, Kelly] Joint Commiss Ctr Transforming Healthcare, Oak Brook Terrace, IL USA. [Bartman, Barbara; Brady, P. Jeffrey] Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Beckman, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Blood Disorders, 4770 Buford Highway,MS E-64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mbeckman@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1553-5592 EI 1553-5606 J9 J HOSP MED JI J. Hosp. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 11 IS SUPP 2 BP S5 EP S7 DI 10.1002/jhm.2659 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EE2MT UT WOS:000389419200005 PM 27925420 ER PT J AU Jewett, A Beck, LF Taylor, C Baldwin, G AF Jewett, Amy Beck, Laurie F. Taylor, Christopher Baldwin, Grant TI Bicycle helmet use among persons 5 years and older in the United States, 2012 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bicycle; Helmet; Children; Adults ID HEAD-INJURY; MOTOR-VEHICLES; RISK-FACTORS; LEGISLATION; IMPACT; CYCLISTS; CHILDREN; ROAD AB Introduction: In 2013, injuries to bicyclists accounted for 925 fatalities and 493,884 nonfatal, emergency department-treated injuries in the United States. Bicyclist deaths increased by 19% from 2010 to 2013. The greatest risk of death and disability to bicyclists is head injuries. The objective of this study was to provide estimates of prevalence and associated factors of bicycle riding and helmet use among children and adults in the United States. Method: CDC analyzed self-reported data from the 2012 Summer ConsumerStyles survey. Adult respondents (18 + years) were asked about bicycle riding and helmet use in the last 30 days for themselves and their children (5 to 17 years). For bicycle riders, CDC estimated the prevalence of helmet use and conducted multivariable regression analyses to identify factors associated with helmet use. Results: Among adults, 21% rode bicycles within the past 30 days and 29% always wore helmets. Respondents reported that, of the 61% of children who rode bicycles within the past 30 days, 42% always wore helmets. Children were more likely to always wear helmets (90%) when their adult respondents always wore helmets than when their adult respondents did not always wear helmets (38%). Children who lived in states with a child bicycle helmet law were more likely to always wear helmets (47%) than those in states without a law (39%). Conclusions: Despite the fact that bicycle helmets are highly effective at reducing the risk for head injuries, including severe brain injuries and death, less than half of children and adults always wore bicycle helmets while riding. Practical application: States and communities should consider interventions that improve the safety of riding such as policies to promote helmet use, modeling of helmet wearing by adults, and focusing on high risk groups, including Hispanic cyclists, occasional riders, adults, and children ages 10 to 14. National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jewett, Amy; Beck, Laurie F.; Taylor, Christopher; Baldwin, Grant] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jewett, A (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ACJewett@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 EI 1879-1247 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 59 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2016.09.001 PG 7 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA EE6NU UT WOS:000389730300001 PM 27846992 ER PT J AU Okun, AH Guerin, RJ Schulte, PA AF Okun, Andrea H. Guerin, Rebecca J. Schulte, Paul A. TI Foundational workplace safety and health competencies for the emerging workforce SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Young workers; Life skills; Career readiness; Health Belief Model; Workplace safety and health ID BELIEF MODEL; YOUNG WORKERS; UNITED-STATES; OCCUPATIONAL INJURY; CONSTRUCTION WORKERS; EMPLOYEE HEALTH; WORKING TEENS; RISK-TAKING; ADOLESCENTS; YOUTH AB Introduction: Young workers (aged 15-24) suffer disproportionately from workplace injuries, with a nonfatal injury rate estimated to be two times higher than among workers age 25 or over. These workers make up approximately 9% of the U.S. workforce and studies have shown that nearly 80% of high school students work at some point during high school. Although young worker injuries are a pressing public health problem, the critical knowledge and skills needed to prepare youth for safe and healthy work are missing from most frameworks used to prepare the emerging U.S. workforce. Methods: A framework of foundational workplace safety and health knowledge and skills (the NIOSH 8 Core Competencies) was developed based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Results: The proposed NIOSH Core Competencies utilize the HBM to provide a framework for foundational workplace safety and health knowledge and skills. An examination of how these competencies and the HBM apply to actions that workers take to protect themselves is provided. The social and physical environments that influence these actions are also discussed. Conclusions: The NIOSH 8 Core Competencies, grounded in one of the most widely used health behavior theories, fill a critical gap in preparing the emerging U.S. workforce to be cognizant of workplace risks. Practical applications: Integration of the NIOSH 8 Core Competencies into school curricula is one way to ensure that every young person has the foundational workplace safety and health knowledge and skills to participate in, and benefit from, safe and healthy work. National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Okun, Andrea H.; Guerin, Rebecca J.; Schulte, Paul A.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Okun, AH (reprint author), 1090 Tusculum Ave,MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM aho1@cdc.gov; hlb3@cdc.gov; pas4@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 108 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 EI 1879-1247 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 59 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2016.09.004 PG 9 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA EE6NU UT WOS:000389730300005 PM 27846998 ER PT J AU Billie, H Crump, CE Letourneau, RJ West, BA AF Billie, Holly Crump, Carolyn E. Letourneau, Robert J. West, Bethany A. TI Child safety and booster seat use in five tribal communities, 2010-2014 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Child passenger safety; American Indian/Alaska Native; Racial/ethnic disparities; Tailoring evidence-based interventions; Motor vehicle ID VEHICLE-RELATED DEATHS; UNITED-STATES AB Problem: Motor-vehide crashes are a leading cause of death for American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) including AI/AN children. Child safety seats prevent injury and death among children in a motor -vehicle crash, yet use is low among AI/AN children. Methods: To increase the use of child safety seats (CSS; car seats and booster seats), five tribal communities implemented evidence -based strategies from the Guide to Community Preventive Services during 2010-2014. Increased CSS use was evaluated through direct observational surveys and CSS event data. CSS events are used to check the installation, use, and safety of CSS and new CSS can be provided. Results: CSS use increased in all five programs (ranging from 6% to 40%). Four out of five programs exceeded their goals for increased use. Among the five communities, a total of 91 CSS events occurred resulting in 1417 CSS checked or provided. Conclusions and practical applications: Evidence -based child passenger safety interventions are both feasible in and transferable to tribal communities. C1 [Billie, Holly; West, Bethany A.] CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Crump, Carolyn E.; Letourneau, Robert J.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Billie, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hdb3@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention [200-2010-M-36435] FX This project received funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, under contract 200-2010-M-36435. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 EI 1879-1247 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 59 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2016.09.002 PG 5 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA EE6NU UT WOS:000389730300012 PM 27846994 ER PT J AU Jewett, A Shults, RA Bhat, G AF Jewett, Amy Shults, Ruth A. Bhat, Geeta TI Parental perceptions of teen driving: Restrictions, worry and influence SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Driver safety; Teen safety; Motor vehicle; Adolescents; Parent perception ID DRIVERS; EXPERIENCE; PASSENGERS; BEHAVIORS; LICENSURE; SAFETY; CRASH; RATES AB Introduction: Parents play a critical role in preventing crashes among teens. Research of parental perceptions and concerns regarding teen driving safety is limited. We examined results from the 2013 Summer ConsuinerStyles survey that queried parents about restrictions placed on their teen drivers, their perceived level of "worry" about their teen driver's safety, and influence of parental restrictions regarding their teen's driving. Methods: We produced frequency distributions for the number of restrictions imposed, parental "worry," and influence of rules regarding their teen's driving, reported by teen's driving license status (learning to drive or obtained a driver's license). Response categories were dichotomized because of small cell sizes, and we ran separate log-linear regression models to explore whether imposing all four restrictions on teen drivers was associated with either worry intensity ("a lot" versus "somewhat, not very much or not at all") or perceived influence of parental rules ("a lot" versus "somewhat, not very much or not at all"). Results: Among the 456 parent respondents, 80% reported having restrictions for their teen driver regarding use of safety belts, drinking and driving, cell phones, and text messaging while driving. However, among the 188 parents of licensed teens, only 9% reported having a written parent-teen driving agreement, either currently or in the past. Worrying "a lot" was reported less frequently by parents of newly licensed teens (36%) compared with parents of learning teens (61%). Conclusions and Practical Applications: Parents report having rules and restrictions for their teen drivers, but only a small percentage formalize the rules and restrictions in a written parent-teen driving agreement. Parents worry less about their teen driver's safety during the newly licensed phase, when crash risk is high as compared to the learning phase. Further research is needed into how to effectively support parents in supervising and monitoring their teen driver. C1 [Jewett, Amy; Shults, Ruth A.; Bhat, Geeta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jewett, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM iuj3@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 EI 1879-1247 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 59 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2016.09.003 PG 5 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA EE6NU UT WOS:000389730300013 PM 27846995 ER PT J AU Leung, J Harpaz, R AF Leung, Jessica Harpaz, Rafael TI Impact of the Maturing Varicella Vaccination Program on Varicella and Related Outcomes in the United States: 1994-2012 SO JOURNAL OF THE PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hospitalizations; MarketScan; outpatient visits; vaccination; varicella ID ZOSTER-VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STROKE; CHICKENPOX; HOSPITALIZATIONS; ELIMINATION; ERA; US AB Background. Although the 1-dose varicella vaccination program, introduced in 1996, has led to significant declines in varicella disease, outbreaks continued to occur, which led to the adoption of a 2-dose vaccination program in 2007. We previously reported an 88% decline in varicella-related hospitalizations and a 59% decline in outpatient visits during 1994-2002. We now update data on varicella healthcare utilization with 10 years of additional data, during a period of stabilizing first-dose coverage and rapidly increasing second-dose coverage. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study using claims data from 1994-2012 Truven Health MarketScan databases. We examined trends in rates of varicella-related outpatient visits and hospitalizations for MarketScan enrollees aged 0-49 years, including outpatient laboratory testing, outpatient antiviral use, and pediatric strokes, with 1994-1995 as the prevaccination period and 2006-2012 as the 2-dose varicella vaccination period. Results. Varicella outpatient visits declined 84% in 2012 versus the prevaccination period, with a 60% decline during the 2-dose period. Varicella hospitalizations declined 93% in 2012 versus the prevaccination period, with a 38% decline during the 2-dose period. The proportion of those with a varicella outpatient visit having varicella laboratory testing increased from 6% in 2003 to 17% in 2012. There were 21 445 (17%) with a claim for antivirals, which was relatively stable over time. There was no reduction in pediatric strokes during 19942012. Conclusions. We document from our large study population that the varicella vaccination program has led to significant declines in outpatient visits and hospitalizations from the prevaccination period through 2012, with additional declines during the 2-dose varicella vaccination period. C1 [Leung, Jessica; Harpaz, Rafael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Leung, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jleung@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2048-7193 EI 2048-7207 J9 J PEDIATR INFECT DIS JI J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 5 IS 4 BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.1093/jpids/piv044 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EE8EA UT WOS:000389856800007 PM 26407276 ER PT J AU Omore, R Osawa, F Musia, J Rha, B Ismail, A Kiulia, NM Moke, F Vulule, J Wainaina, AM Tole, J Machoki, SM Nuorti, JP Breiman, RF Parashar, UD Montgomery, JM Tate, JE AF Omore, Richard Osawa, Francis Musia, Janet Rha, Brian Ismail, Amina Kiulia, Nicholas Mukaria Moke, Fenny Vulule, John Wainaina, Anthony Mungai Tole, John Machoki, Stanley Mugambi Nuorti, J. Pekka Breiman, Robert F. Parashar, Umesh D. Montgomery, Joel M. Tate, Jacqueline E. TI Intussusception Cases Among Children Admitted to Referral Hospitals in Kenya, 2002-2013: Implications for Monitoring Postlicensure Safety of Rotavirus Vaccines in Africa SO JOURNAL OF THE PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE childhood mortality; intussusception; Kenya; risk factors ID SURVEILLANCE; MEXICO AB To describe the epidemiology of intussusception before introduction of the rotavirus vaccine, we reviewed the records of 280 patients younger than 5 years who were hospitalized in Kenya between 2002 and 2013. The patients who died (18 [6.4%]) had sought care later after symptom onset than the patients who survived (median, 5 vs 3 days, respectively; P=.04). Seeking prompt care may improve therapeutic outcomes. C1 [Omore, Richard; Moke, Fenny; Vulule, John] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, POB 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya. [Omore, Richard; Nuorti, J. Pekka] Univ Tampere, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Tampere, Finland. [Osawa, Francis] Univ Nairobi, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Nairobi, Kenya. [Musia, Janet] Univ Nairobi, Sch Med, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Rha, Brian; Parashar, Umesh D.; Tate, Jacqueline E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ismail, Amina] Minist Publ Hlth & Sanitat, Div Dis Surveillance & Response, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kiulia, Nicholas Mukaria] Inst Primate Res, Enter Viruses Res Grp, Nairobi, Kenya. [Wainaina, Anthony Mungai] Kenyatta Natl Hosp, Nairobi, Kenya. [Tole, John; Machoki, Stanley Mugambi] Aga Khan Univ Hosp, Nairobi, Kenya. [Breiman, Robert F.] Emory Univ, Global Hlth Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Breiman, Robert F.; Montgomery, Joel M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Off, Global Dis Detect Div, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Omore, R (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth Res, POB 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya. EM romore@kemricdc.org RI Kiulia, Nicholas /B-8655-2015 OI Kiulia, Nicholas /0000-0001-8754-4227 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2048-7193 EI 2048-7207 J9 J PEDIATR INFECT DIS JI J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 5 IS 4 BP 465 EP 469 DI 10.1093/jpids/piv051 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EE8EA UT WOS:000389856800016 PM 26407281 ER PT J AU Alarcon, A Morgan, M Montgomery, SP Scavo, L Wong, ECC Hahn, A Jantausch, B AF Alarcon, Andres Morgan, Mackenzie Montgomery, Susan P. Scavo, Louis Wong, Edward C. C. Hahn, Andrea Jantausch, Barbara TI Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Chagas Disease in a Premature Infant SO JOURNAL OF THE PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material DE benznidazole; congenital Chagas disease; Trypanosoma cruzi ID TRANSMISSION C1 [Alarcon, Andres; Hahn, Andrea; Jantausch, Barbara] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. [Alarcon, Andres; Scavo, Louis; Wong, Edward C. C.; Hahn, Andrea; Jantausch, Barbara] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD USA. [Morgan, Mackenzie] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. [Montgomery, Susan P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Scavo, Louis] Childrens Natl Hlth Syst, Neonatol, Washington, DC USA. [Scavo, Louis; Hahn, Andrea; Jantausch, Barbara] Childrens Natl Hlth Syst, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC USA. [Wong, Edward C. C.] Childrens Natl Hlth Syst, Dept Lab Med, Washington, DC USA. [Wong, Edward C. C.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Pathol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Jantausch, B (reprint author), Childrens Natl Hlth Syst, Div Pediat Infect Dis, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM bjantaus@childrensnational.org NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2048-7193 EI 2048-7207 J9 J PEDIATR INFECT DIS JI J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 5 IS 4 BP E28 EP E31 DI 10.1093/jpids/piw043 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EE8EA UT WOS:000389856800001 PM 27466398 ER PT J AU Marjuki, H Mishin, VP Chai, N Tan, MW Newton, EM Tegeris, J Erlandson, K Willis, M Jones, J Davis, T Stevens, J Gubareva, LV AF Marjuki, Henju Mishin, Vasiliy P. Chai, Ning Tan, Man-Wah Newton, Elizabeth M. Tegeris, John Erlandson, Karl Willis, Melissa Jones, Joyce Davis, Todd Stevens, James Gubareva, Larisa V. TI Human Monoclonal Antibody 81.39a Effectively Neutralizes Emerging Influenza A Viruses of Group 1 and 2 Hemagglutinins SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; B VIRUSES; IN-VIVO; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; FERRETS; H1N1; TRANSMISSION; SUBTYPES; H7N9 AB The pandemic threat posed by emerging zoonotic influenza A viruses necessitates development of antiviral agents effective against various antigenic subtypes. Human monoclonal antibody (hMAb) targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) stalk offers a promising approach to control influenza virus infections. Here, we investigated the ability of the hMAb 81.39a to inhibit in vitro replication of human and zoonotic viruses, representing 16 HA subtypes. The majority of viruses were effectively neutralized by 81.39a at a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of <0.01 to 4.9 mu g/ml. Among group 2 HA viruses tested, a single A(H7N9) virus was not neutralized at 50 mu g/ml; it contained HA(2)-Asp19Gly, an amino acid position previously associated with resistance to neutralization by the group 2 HA-neutralizing MAb CR8020. Notably, among group 1 HA viruses, H11-H13 and H16 subtypes were not neutralized at 50 mu g/ml; they shared the substitution HA(2)-Asp19Asn/Ala. Conversely, H9 viruses harboring HA(2)-Asp19Ala were fully susceptible to neutralization. Therefore, amino acid variance at HA(2)-Asp19 has subtype-specific adverse effects on in vitro neutralization. Mice given a single injection (15 or 45 mg/kg of body weight) at 24 or 48 h after infection with recently emerged A(H5N2), A(H5N8), A(H6N1), or A(H7N9) viruses were protected from mortality and showed drastically reduced lung viral titers. Furthermore, 81.39a protected mice infected with A(H7N9) harboring HA(2)-Asp19Gly, although the antiviral effect was lessened. A(H1N1) pdm09-infected ferrets receiving a single dose (25 mg/kg) had reduced viral titers and showed less lung tissue injury, despite 24- to 72-h-delayed treatment. Taken together, this study provides experimental evidence for the therapeutic potential of 81.39a against diverse influenza A viruses. IMPORTANCE Zoonotic influenza viruses, such as A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) subtypes, have caused severe disease and deaths in humans, raising public health concerns. Development of novel anti-influenza therapeutics with a broad spectrum of activity against various subtypes is necessary to mitigate disease severity. Here, we demonstrate that the hemagglutinin (HA) stalk-targeting human monoclonal antibody 81.39a effectively neutralized the majority of influenza A viruses tested, representing 16 HA subtypes. Furthermore, delayed treatment with 81.39a significantly suppressed virus replication in the lungs, prevented dramatic body weight loss, and increased survival rates of mice infected with A(H5Nx), A(H6N1), or A(H7N9) viruses. When tested in ferrets, delayed 81.39a treatment reduced viral titers, particularly in the lower respiratory tract, and substantially alleviated disease symptoms associated with severe A(H1N1) pdm09 influenza. Collectively, our data demonstrated the effectiveness of 81.39a against both seasonal and emerging influenza A viruses. C1 [Marjuki, Henju; Mishin, Vasiliy P.; Jones, Joyce; Davis, Todd; Stevens, James; Gubareva, Larisa V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chai, Ning; Tan, Man-Wah] Genentech Inc, Dept Infect Dis, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Newton, Elizabeth M.] Genentech Inc, Portfolio Management & Operat Dept, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Tegeris, John; Erlandson, Karl; Willis, Melissa] Biomed Adv Res & Dev Author, Influenza Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Gubareva, LV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lgubareva@cdc.gov FU CDC Influenza Division FX This work, including the efforts of Henju Marjuki, Vasiliy P. Mishin, Joyce Jones, Todd Davis, James Stevens, and Larisa V. Gubareva, was funded by CDC Influenza Division. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 90 IS 23 BP 10446 EP 10458 DI 10.1128/JVI.01284-16 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA EE8VL UT WOS:000389904500002 PM 27630240 ER PT J AU Sun, XJ Belser, JA Pulit-Penaloza, JA Zeng, H Lewis, A Shieh, WJ Tumpey, TM Maines, TR AF Sun, Xiangjie Belser, Jessica A. Pulit-Penaloza, Joanna A. Zeng, Hui Lewis, Amanda Shieh, Wun-Ju Tumpey, Terrence M. Maines, Taronna R. TI Pathogenesis and Transmission Assessments of Two H7N8 Influenza A Viruses Recently Isolated from Turkey Farms in Indiana Using Mouse and Ferret Models SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; HUMAN CONJUNCTIVITIS; HOST ADAPTATION; H5N1 VIRUSES; MICE; PATHOGENICITY; INFECTION; REPLICATION; EVOLUTION; STRAIN AB Avian influenza A H7 viruses have caused multiple outbreaks in domestic poultry throughout North America, resulting in occasional infections of humans in close contact with affected birds. In early 2016, the presence of H7N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses and closely related H7N8 low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses was confirmed in commercial turkey farms in Indiana. These H7N8 viruses represent the first isolation of this subtype in domestic poultry in North America, and their virulence in mammalian hosts and the potential risk for human infection are largely unknown. In this study, we assessed the ability of H7N8 HPAI and LPAI viruses to replicate in vitro in human airway cells and in vivo in mouse and ferret models. Both H7N8 viruses replicated efficiently in vitro and in vivo, but they exhibited substantial differences in disease severity in mammals. In mice, while the H7N8 LPAI virus largely remained avirulent, the H7N8 HPAI virus exhibited greater infectivity, virulence, and lethality. Both H7N8 viruses replicated similarly in ferrets, but only the H7N8 HPAI virus caused moderate weight loss, lethargy, and mortality. The H7N8 LPAI virus displayed limited transmissibility in ferrets placed in direct contact with an inoculated animal, while no transmission of H7N8 HPAI virus was detected. Our results indicate that the H7N8 avian influenza viruses from Indiana are able to replicate in mammals and cause severe disease but with limited transmission. The recent appearance of H7N8 viruses in domestic poultry highlights the need for continued influenza surveillance in wild birds and close monitoring of the potential risk to human health. IMPORTANCE H7 influenza viruses circulate in wild birds in the United States, but when the virus emerges in domestic poultry populations, the frequency of human exposure and the potential for human infections increases. An H7N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus and an H7N8 low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus were recently isolated from commercial turkey farms in Indiana. To determine the risk that these influenza viruses pose to humans, we assessed their pathogenesis and transmission in vitro and in mammalian models. We found that the H7N8 HPAI virus exhibited enhanced virulence, and although transmission was only observed with the H7N8 LPAI virus, the ability of this H7 virus to transmit in a mammalian host and quickly evolve to a more virulent strain is cause for concern. Our findings offer important insight into the potential for emerging H7 avian influenza viruses to acquire the ability to cause disease and transmit among mammals. C1 [Sun, Xiangjie; Belser, Jessica A.; Pulit-Penaloza, Joanna A.; Zeng, Hui; Tumpey, Terrence M.; Maines, Taronna R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lewis, Amanda; Shieh, Wun-Ju] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Maines, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tmaines@cdc.gov FU DOE \ LDRD \ Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) FX This work, including the efforts of Joanna A. Pulit-Penaloza, was funded by DOE vertical bar LDRD vertical bar Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 90 IS 23 BP 10936 EP 10944 DI 10.1128/JVI.01646-16 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA EE8VL UT WOS:000389904500041 PM 27681133 ER PT J AU Nelson, MI Stucker, KM Schobel, SA Trovao, NS Das, SR Dugan, VG Nelson, SW Sreevatsan, S Killian, ML Nolting, JM Wentworth, DE Bowman, AS AF Nelson, Martha I. Stucker, Karla M. Schobel, Seth A. Trovao, Nidia S. Das, Suman R. Dugan, Vivien G. Nelson, Sarah W. Sreevatsan, Srinand Killian, Mary L. Nolting, Jacqueline M. Wentworth, David E. Bowman, Andrew S. TI Introduction, Evolution, and Dissemination of Influenza A Viruses in Exhibition Swine in the United States during 2009 to 2013 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; HUMANS AB The swine-human interface created at agricultural fairs, along with the generation of and maintenance of influenza A virus diversity in exhibition swine, presents an ongoing threat to public health. Nucleotide sequences of influenza A virus isolates collected from exhibition swine in Ohio (n = 262) and Indiana (n = 103) during 2009 to 2013 were used to investigate viral evolution and movement within this niche sector of the swine industry. Phylogenetic and Bayesian analyses were employed to identify introductions of influenza A virus to exhibition swine and study viral population dynamics. In 2013 alone, we identified 10 independent introductions of influenza A virus into Ohio and/or Indiana exhibition swine. Frequently, viruses from the same introduction were identified at multiple fairs within the region, providing evidence of rapid and widespread viral movement within the exhibition swine populations of the two states. While pigs moving from fair to fair to fair is possible in some locations, the concurrent detection of nearly identical strains at several fairs indicates that a common viral source was more likely. Importantly, we detected an association between the high number of human variant H3N2 (H3N2v) virus infections in 2012 and the widespread circulation of influenza A viruses of the same genotype in exhibition swine in Ohio fairs sampled that year. The extent of viral diversity observed in exhibition swine and the rapidity with which it disseminated across long distances indicate that novel strains of influenza A virus will continue to emerge and spread within exhibition swine populations, presenting an ongoing threat to humans. IMPORTANCE Understanding the underlying population dynamics of influenza A viruses in commercial and exhibition swine is central to assessing the risk for human infections with variant viruses, including H3N2v. We used viral genomic sequences from isolates collected from exhibition swine during 2009 to 2013 to understand how the peak of H3N2v cases in 2012 relates to long-term trends in the population dynamics of pandemic viruses recently introduced into commercial and exhibition swine in the United States. The results of our spatial analysis underscore the key role of rapid viral dispersal in spreading multiple genetic lineages throughout a multistate network of agricultural fairs, providing opportunities for divergent lineages to coinfect, reassort, and generate new viral genotypes. The higher genetic diversity of genotypes cocirculating in exhibition swine since 2013 could facilitate the evolution of new reassortants, potentially with even greater ability to cause severe infections in humans or cause human-to-human transmission, highlighting the need for continued vigilance. C1 [Nelson, Martha I.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Stucker, Karla M.; Schobel, Seth A.; Das, Suman R.; Dugan, Vivien G.; Wentworth, David E.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. [Trovao, Nidia S.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. [Nelson, Sarah W.; Nolting, Jacqueline M.; Bowman, Andrew S.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sreevatsan, Srinand] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Killian, Mary L.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Stucker, Karla M.] George Sch, Newtown, PA USA. [Schobel, Seth A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. [Das, Suman R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ctr Translat Immunol & Infect Dis, Nashville, TN USA. [Dugan, Vivien G.] NIAID, Off Genom & Adv Technol, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Wentworth, David E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virol Surveillance & Diag Branch, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bowman, AS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bowman.214@osu.edu OI Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403; Sequeira Trovao, Nidia/0000-0002-2106-1166 FU HHS \ National Institutes of Health (NIH) [HHSN272201400006C, HHSN272201400008C, HHSN266200700007C, HHSN272200900007C, U19-AI-110819] FX This work, including the efforts of Sarah W. Nelson, Jacqueline M. Nolting, and Andrew S. Bowman, was funded by HHS vertical bar National Institutes of Health (NIH) (HHSN272201400006C). This work, including the efforts of Martha I. Nelson, was funded by HHS vertical bar National Institutes of Health (NIH) (HHSN272201400008C). This work, including the efforts of Sarah W. Nelson, Srinand Sreevatsan, Jacqueline M. Nolting, and Andrew S. Bowman, was funded by HHS vertical bar National Institutes of Health (NIH) (HHSN266200700007C). This work, including the efforts of Karla M. Stucker, Seth A. Schobel, Suman R. Das, Vivien G. Dugan, and David E. Wentworth, was funded by HHS vertical bar National Institutes of Health (NIH) (HHSN272200900007C). This work, including the efforts of Suman R. Das and David E. Wentworth, was funded by HHS vertical bar National Institutes of Health (NIH) (U19-AI-110819). NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 90 IS 23 BP 10963 EP 10971 DI 10.1128/JVI.01457-16 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA EE8VL UT WOS:000389904500044 PM 27681134 ER PT J AU Shantha, JG Crozier, I Varkey, JB Kraft, CS Lyon, GM Mehta, AK Carlson, RD Hill, CE Kumar, G Debiec, MR Patel, PS Olsen, TW Nussenblatt, RB Martin, DF Stroher, U Uyeki, TM Ribner, BS Franzco, JRS Yeh, S AF Shantha, Jessica G. Crozier, Ian Varkey, Jay B. Kraft, Colleen S. Lyon, G. Marshall, III Mehta, Aneesh K. Carlson, Renee Donahue Hill, Charles E. Kumar, Gokul Debiec, Matthew R. Patel, Purnima S. Olsen, Timothy W. Nussenblatt, Robert B. Martin, Daniel F. Stroeher, Ute Uyeki, Timothy M. Ribner, Bruce S. Franzco, Justine R. Smith Yeh, Steven TI Long-term Management of Panuveitis and Iris Heterochromia in an Ebola Survivor SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID VIRUS DISEASE C1 [Shantha, Jessica G.; Kumar, Gokul; Debiec, Matthew R.; Patel, Purnima S.; Olsen, Timothy W.; Yeh, Steven] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Eye Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Crozier, Ian] Mulago Hosp Complex, Infect Dis Inst, Kampala, Uganda. [Varkey, Jay B.; Kraft, Colleen S.; Lyon, G. Marshall, III; Mehta, Aneesh K.; Carlson, Renee Donahue; Ribner, Bruce S.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kraft, Colleen S.; Hill, Charles E.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Nussenblatt, Robert B.] NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Martin, Daniel F.] Cleveland Clin, Cole Eye Inst, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Stroeher, Ute; Uyeki, Timothy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Franzco, Justine R. Smith] Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Yeh, S (reprint author), 1365B Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM steven.yeh@emory.edu FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000454]; NEI NIH HHS [P30 EY006360] NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 EI 1549-4713 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD DEC PY 2016 VL 123 IS 12 BP 2626 EP 2628 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA EE3YZ UT WOS:000389539900031 PM 27594198 ER PT J AU DeVries, A Talley, P Sweet, K Kline, S Stinchfield, P Tosh, P Danila, R AF DeVries, Aaron Talley, Pamela Sweet, Kristin Kline, Susan Stinchfield, Patricia Tosh, Pritish Danila, Richard TI Development and Implementation of the Ebola Traveler Monitoring Program and Clinical Outcomes of Monitored Travelers during October - May 2015, Minnesota SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS DISEASE; SIERRA-LEONE; DIAGNOSIS AB Background In October 2014, the United States began actively monitoring all persons who had traveled from Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone in the previous 21 days. State public health departments were responsible for monitoring all travelers; Minnesota has the largest Liberian population in the United States. The MDH Ebola Clinical Team (ECT) was established to assess travelers with symptoms of concern for Ebola virus disease (EVD), coordinate access to healthcare at appropriate facilities including Ebola Assessment and Treatment Units (EATU), and provide guidance to clinicians. Methods Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) began receiving traveler information collected by U. S. Customs and Border Control and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff on October 21, 2014 via encrypted electronic communication. All travelers returning from Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea during 10/21/14-5/15/15 were monitored by MDH staff in the manner recommended by CDC based on the traveler's risk categorization as "low (but not zero)", "some" and "high" risk. When a traveler reported symptoms or a temperature >= 100.4 degrees F at any time during their 21-day monitoring period, an ECT member would speak to the traveler and perform a clinical assessment by telephone or via video-chat. Based on the assessment the ECT member would recommend 1) continued clinical monitoring while at home with frequent telephone follow-up by the ECT member, 2) outpatient clinical evaluation at an outpatient site agreed upon by all parties, or 3) inpatient clinical evaluation at one of four Minnesota EATUs. ECT members assessed and approved testing for Ebola virus infection at MDH. Traveler data, calls to the ECT and clinical outcomes were logged on a secure server at MDH. Results During 10/21/14-5/15/15, a total of 783 travelers were monitored; 729 (93%) traveled from Liberia, 30 (4%) Sierra Leone, and 24 (3%) Guinea. The median number monitored per week was 59 (range 45-143). The median age was 35 years; 136 (17%) were aged <18 years. Thirteen of 256 women of reproductive age (5%) were pregnant. The country of passport issuance was known for 720 of the travelers. The majority of monitored travelers (478 [66%]) used a non-U.S. passport including 442 (61%) Liberian nationals. A total of 772 (99%) travelers were "low (but not zero)" risk; 11 (1%) were "some" risk. Among monitored travelers, 43 (5%) experienced illness symptoms; 29 (67%) had a symptom consistent with EVD. Two were tested for Ebola virus disease and had negative results. Most frequently reported symptoms were fever (20/43, 47%) and abdominal pain (12/43, 28%). During evaluation, 16 (37%) of 43 travelers reported their symptoms began prior to travel; chronic health conditions in 24 travelers including tumors/cancer, pregnancy, and orthopedic conditions were most common. Infectious causes in 19 travelers included upper respiratory infection, malaria, and gastrointestinal infections. Discussion Prior to 2014, no similar active monitoring program for travelers had been performed in Minnesota; assessment and management of symptomatic travelers was a new activity for MDH. Ensuring safe entrance into healthcare was particularly challenging for children, and pregnant women, as well as those without an established connection to healthcare. Unnecessary inpatient evaluations were successfully avoided by close clinical follow-up by phone. Before similar monitoring programs are considered in the future, careful thought must be given to necessary resources and the impact on affected populations, public health, and the healthcare system. C1 [DeVries, Aaron] Minneapolis VA Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, Minneapolis, MN USA. [DeVries, Aaron] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Talley, Pamela] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Sci Educ & Profess Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Talley, Pamela; Sweet, Kristin; Danila, Richard] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Prevent & Control Div, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. [Kline, Susan] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Stinchfield, Patricia] Childrens Hosp & Clin Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA. [Tosh, Pritish] Mayo Clin, Div Infect Dis, Rochester, MN USA. RP Danila, R (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Prevent & Control Div, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. EM richard.danila@state.mn.us FU Hospital Preparedness Program (HPP); Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) [CDC-RFA-TP12-12010302SUPP15, CDC-RFA-TP12-120102CONT14]; Domestic Ebola Supplement to Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases (ELC)-Building and Strengthening Epidemiology, Laboratory and Health Information Systems Capacity in State and Local Health Departments [CK14-1401PPHFSUPP15] FX Funded in part by the Hospital Preparedness Program (HPP) and Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) Cooperative Agreements / PHEP Supplemental for Ebola Preparedness and Response Activities CDC-RFA-TP12-12010302SUPP15 and CDC-RFA-TP12-120102CONT14; and the Domestic Ebola Supplement to Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases (ELC)-Building and Strengthening Epidemiology, Laboratory and Health Information Systems Capacity in State and Local Health Departments CK14-1401PPHFSUPP15. Funds did not go to individuals but went to the Minnesota Department of Health as an agency, which employed ASD, KS, and RND at the time. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0166797 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0166797 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE3JC UT WOS:000389482700041 PM 27907013 ER PT J AU Jobarteh, K Shiraishi, RW Malimane, I Gudo, PS Decroo, T Auld, AF Macome, V Couto, A AF Jobarteh, Kebba Shiraishi, Ray W. Malimane, Inacio Gudo, Paula Samo Decroo, Tom Auld, Andrew F. Macome, Vania Couto, Aleny TI Community ART Support Groups in Mozambique: The Potential of Patients as Partners in Care SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT; MORTALITY; ADHERENCE; THERAPY AB Background High rates of attrition are stymying Mozambique's national HIV Program's efforts to achieve 80% treatment coverage. In response, Mozambique implemented a national pilot of Community Adherence and Support Groups (CASG). CASG is a model in which antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients form groups of up to six patients. On a rotating basis one CASG group member collects ART medications at the health facility for all group members, and distributes those medications to the other members in the community. Patients also visit their health facility bi-annually to receive clinical services. Methods A matched retrospective cohort study was implemented using routinely collected patient level data in 68 health facilities with electronic data systems and CASG programs. A total of 129,938 adult ART patients were registered in those facilities. Of the 129,938 patients on ART, 6,760 were CASG members. A propensity score matched analysis was performed to assess differences in mortality and loss to follow-up (LTFU) between matched CASG and non-CASG members. Propensity scores were estimated using a random-effects logistic regression model. The following covariates where included in the model: sex, educational status, WHO stage, year of ART initiation, age, CASG eligibility, CD4 cell count category, weight, and employment status. Results Non-CASG participants had higher LTFU rates (HR 2.356; p = 0.04) than matched CASG participants; however, there were no significant mortality differences between CASG and non-CASG participants. Compared with the full cohort of non-CASG members, CASG members were more likely to be female (74% vs. 68%), tended to have a lower median CD4 counts at ART initiation (183 cells/m3 vs. 200cells/m3) and be less likely to have a second ary school education (15% vs. 23%). Conclusion ART patients enrolled in CASG were significantly less likely to be LTFU compared to matched patients who did not join CASG. CASG appears to be an effective strategy to decrease LTFU in Mozambique's national ART program. C1 [Jobarteh, Kebba; Malimane, Inacio; Gudo, Paula Samo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Maputo, Mozambique. [Shiraishi, Ray W.; Auld, Andrew F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Decroo, Tom] Operat Ctr Brussels, Med Sans Frontieres, Dept Med, Brussels, Belgium. [Macome, Vania; Couto, Aleny] Mozamb Minist Hlth, Maputo, Mozambique. RP Jobarteh, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Maputo, Mozambique. EM kebba@mac.com OI Auld, Andrew/0000-0001-5089-9163 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0166444 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0166444 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE3JC UT WOS:000389482700027 PM 27907084 ER PT J AU Buchholz, AE Katz, AR Galloway, R Stoddard, RA Goldstein, SM AF Buchholz, A. E. Katz, A. R. Galloway, R. Stoddard, R. A. Goldstein, S. M. TI Feral Swine Leptospira Seroprevalence Survey in Hawaii, USA, 2007-2009 SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Feral swine; leptospirosis; Hawaii; survey ID WILD BOARS; SUS-SCROFA; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; OUTBREAK; FLORIDA; HUMANS; PIGS AB notifiable disease in the United States until 1995 and was reinstated to the list of nationally notifiable diseases in 2014. During the time of national surveillance, Hawaii consistently led the nation in reported annual incidence rates. Leptospirosis has remained a reportable disease in Hawaii. Significant changes have been documented since the early 1970s in the predominant serogroup infecting humans in Hawaii: infections due to Icterohaemorrhagiae have declined while infections due to Australis have increased. A recent study from Hawaii demonstrated that Australis was an uncommon infecting serogroup for small mammal hosts. Swine have not been previously studied in Hawaii but are well-recognized maintenance hosts for leptospires belonging to the Australis serogroup. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of Leptospira antibody in feral swine in Hawaii. From January 2007 through December 2009, blood samples were collected opportunistically from feral swine. Using the microscopic agglutination test, we found antibody titres >= 1 : 100 to leptospires in 272 (33.8%) of 804 feral swine. The most frequently reacting serovars to the swine sera were Icterohaemorrhagiae (Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup) (41.5%) and Bratislava (Australis serogroup) (33.8%). The high seroprevalence and presumptively infecting serovars suggest a link between swine and human infection. C1 [Buchholz, A. E.; Katz, A. R.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Galloway, R.; Stoddard, R. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Goldstein, S. M.] USDA, Honolulu, HI USA. [Buchholz, A. E.] USDA, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Katz, AR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Off Publ Hlth Studies, 1960 East West Rd,Biomed Sci Bldg,Room D104M, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM katz@hawaii.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1863-1959 EI 1863-2378 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 63 IS 8 BP 584 EP 587 DI 10.1111/zph.12266 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA ED8VJ UT WOS:000389148700002 PM 26969849 ER PT J AU Krueger, A Dietz, P Van Handel, M Belcher, L Johnson, AS AF Krueger, Amy Dietz, Patricia Van Handel, Michelle Belcher, Lisa Johnson, Anna Satcher TI Estimates of CDC-Funded and National HIV Diagnoses: A Comparison by Demographic and HIV-related Factors SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Human immunodeficiency virus; CDC-funded; HIV testing; HIV diagnoses ID UNITED-STATES; PERSONS AWARE; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; INFECTION; UNAWARE; VIRUS AB To determine whether CDC-funded HIV testing programs are reaching persons disproportionately affected by HIV infection. The percentage distribution for HIV testing and diagnoses by demographics and transmission risk group (diagnoses only) were calculated using 2013 data from CDC's National HIV Surveillance System and CDC's national HIV testing program data. In 2013, nearly 3.2 million CDC-funded tests were provided to persons aged 13 years and older. Among persons who received a CDC-funded test, 41.1 % were aged 20-29 years; 49.2 % were male, 46.2 % were black/African American, and 56.2 % of the tests were conducted in the South. Compared with the characteristics of all persons diagnosed with HIV in the United States in 2013, among persons diagnosed as a result of CDC-funded tests, a higher percentage were aged 20-29 years (40.3 vs 33.7 %) and black/African American (55.3 vs 46.0 %). CDC-funded HIV testing programs are reaching young people and blacks/African Americans. C1 [Krueger, Amy; Dietz, Patricia; Van Handel, Michelle; Belcher, Lisa; Johnson, Anna Satcher] CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Krueger, Amy] Univ Tampere, Sch Hlth Sci, Tampere, Finland. RP Krueger, A (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Krueger, A (reprint author), Univ Tampere, Sch Hlth Sci, Tampere, Finland. EM akrueger@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 EI 1573-3254 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 20 IS 12 BP 2961 EP 2965 DI 10.1007/s10461-016-1293-1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA ED1AF UT WOS:000388575100017 PM 26796383 ER PT J AU Hess, KL DiNenno, E Sionean, C Ivy, W Paz-Bailey, G AF Hess, Kristen L. DiNenno, Elizabeth Sionean, Catlainn Ivy, Wade Paz-Bailey, Gabriela TI Prevalence and Correlates of Heterosexual Anal Intercourse Among Men and Women, 20 US Cities SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Heterosexual anal intercourse; HIV/AIDS; High-risk behavior; Condom use ID TRANSMITTED-DISEASE CLINICS; HIGH-RISK; SENSITIVE QUESTIONS; HIV TRANSMISSION; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION; PARTNER; ADULTS AB Heterosexual anal intercourse (HAI) is not an uncommon behavior and it confers a higher risk of HIV transmission than vaginal intercourse. We examined data from heterosexuals recruited in 20 US cities for the 2013 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system. We assessed correlates of reporting HAI in the previous year. Then, among people reporting HAI in the past year, we assessed what event-level factors are associated with having HAI at last sex. Thirty percent of women and 35 % of men reported HAI in the past year. Among people who had HAI in the past year, those who had HAI at last sex were more likely to have a partner who was HIV-positive or of unknown status or to have exchanged money or drugs for sex at last sex. Information that highlights the risk of HIV transmission associated with HAI would complement existing HIV prevention messages focused on heterosexuals in the U.S. C1 [Hess, Kristen L.; DiNenno, Elizabeth; Sionean, Catlainn; Ivy, Wade; Paz-Bailey, Gabriela] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E47, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Hess, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E47, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM xgm0@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [PS11-001] FX This work was funded by a cooperative agreement between the Health Departments of the 20 study U.S. cities (Atlanta, Georgia; Baltimore, Maryland; Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; Dallas, Texas; Denver, Colorado; Detroit, Michigan; Houston, Texas; Los Angeles, California; Miami, Florida; Nassau, New York; Newark, New Jersey; New Orleans, Louisiana; New York City, New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; San Diego, California; San Francisco, California; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Seattle, Washington; and Washington, District of Columbia) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Funding Opportunity Announcement #PS11-001). NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 EI 1573-3254 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 20 IS 12 BP 2966 EP 2975 DI 10.1007/s10461-016-1295-z PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA ED1AF UT WOS:000388575100018 PM 26781872 ER PT J AU Rosinger, AY Lawman, HG Akinbami, LJ Ogden, CL AF Rosinger, Asher Y. Lawman, Hannah G. Akinbami, Lara J. Ogden, Cynthia L. TI The role of obesity in the relation between total water intake and urine osmolality in US adults, 2009-2012 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE effect modification; hydration status; NHANES; obesity; water intake ID HYDRATION BIOMARKERS; DEHYDRATION ASSESSMENT; PLASMA HYPERTONICITY; DIAGNOSTIC-ACCURACY; FLUID CONSUMPTION; BOLIVIAN AMAZON; TSIMANE ADULTS; RISK; POPULATION; PERFORMANCE AB Background: Adequate water intake is critical to physiologic and cognitive functioning. Although water requirements increase with body size, it remains unclear whether weight status modifies the relation between water intake and hydration status. Objective: We examined how the association between water intake and urine osmolality, which is a hydration biomarker, varied by weight status. Design: NHANES cross-sectional data (2009-2012) were analyzed in 9601 nonpregnant adults aged >= 20 y who did not have kidney failure. Weight status was categorized with the use of body mass index on the basis of measured height and weight (underweight or normal weight, overweight, and obesity). Urine osmolality was determined with the use of freezing-point depression osmometry. Hypohydration was classified according to the following age dependent formula:>= 831 mOsm/kg - [3.4 X (age - 20 y)]. Total water intake was determined with the use of a 24-h dietary recall and was dichotomized as adequate or low on the basis of the Institute of Medicine's adequate intake recommendations for men and women (men: >= 3.7 or <3.7 L; nonlactating women: >= 2.7 or <2.7 L; lactating women: >= 3.8 or <3.8 L for adequate or low intakes, respectively). We tested interactions and conducted linear and log-binomial regressions. Results: Total water intake (P = 0.002), urine osmolality (P < 0.001), and hypohydration prevalence (P < 0.001) all increased with higher weight status. Interactions between weight status and water intake status were significant in linear (P = 0.005) and log-binomial (P = 0.015) models, which were then stratified. The prevalence ratio of hypohydration between subjects with adequate water intake and those with low water intake was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.73) in adults who were underweight or normal weight, 0.67 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.79) in adults who were overweight, and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.88) in adults who were obese. Conclusion: On a population level, obesity modifies the association between water intake and hydration status. C1 [Rosinger, Asher Y.] Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Rosinger, Asher Y.; Lawman, Hannah G.; Akinbami, Lara J.; Ogden, Cynthia L.] CDC, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Akinbami, Lara J.] Publ Hlth Serv, Rockville, MD USA. [Lawman, Hannah G.] Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, 1101 Market St,9th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Rosinger, AY (reprint author), Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.; Rosinger, AY (reprint author), CDC, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. EM yxm9@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1554 EP 1561 DI 10.3945/ajcn.116.137414 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EE0RV UT WOS:000389287500009 PM 27935519 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Sternberg, MR Hamner, HC Crider, KS Lacher, DA Rogers, LM Bailey, RL Yetley, EA AF Pfeiffer, Christine M. Sternberg, Maya R. Hamner, Heather C. Crider, Krista S. Lacher, David A. Rogers, Lisa M. Bailey, Regan L. Yetley, Elizabeth A. TI Applying inappropriate cutoffs leads to misinterpretation of folate status in the US population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE deficiency; insufficiency; microbiologic assay; NHANES; radioprotein-binding assay ID BIO-RAD RADIOASSAY; WHOLE-BLOOD FOLATE; MICROBIOLOGIC ASSAY; UNITED-STATES; RBC FOLATE; NHANES 1988-2010; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SERUM FOLATE; LC-MS/MS; NUTRITION AB Background: Folate cutoffs for risk of deficiency compared with possible deficiency were originally derived differently (experimental compared with epidemiologic data), and their interpretations are different. The matching of cutoffs derived from one assay with population-based data derived from another assay requires caution. Objective: We assessed the extent of folate-status misinterpretation with the use of inappropriate cutoffs. Design: In the cross-sectional NHANES, serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate were first measured with the use of a radioprotein-binding assay (RPBA) (1988-2006) and, afterwards, with the use of a microbiologic assay (2007-2010). We compared prevalence estimates for assay matched cutoffs (e.g., with the use of an RPBA cutoff with RPBA data) and assay-mismatched cutoffs (e.g., with the use of microbiologic assay cutoff with RPBA data) for risk of deficiency on the basis of megaloblastic anemia as a hematologic indicator in persons y of age (e.g., serum folate concentration <7 nmol/L and RBC folate concentration <305 nmol/L derived with the use of a microbiologic assay), possible deficiency on the basis of rising homocysteine as a metabolic indicator in persons y of age (e.g., serum folate concentration <10 nmol/L and RBC folate concentration <340 nmol/L derived with the use of an RPBA), and insufficiency on the basis of elevated risk of neural tube defects in women 12-49 y old (e.g., RBC folate concentration <906 nmol/L derived with the use of a microbiologic assay). Results: Pre folic acid fortification (1988-1994), risks of deficiency for assay-matched compared with assay-mismatched cutoffs were 5.6% compared with 16% (serum folate), respectively, and 7.4% compared with 28% (RBC folate), respectively; risks declined postfortification (1999-2006) to <1% compared with <1% (serum folate), respectively, and to <1% compared with 2.5% (RBC folate), respectively. Prefortification (1988-1994), risks of possible deficiency for assay-matched compared with assay-mismatched cutoffs were 35% compared with 56% (serum folate), respectively, and 37% compared with 84% (RBC folate), respectively; risks declined post fortification (1999-2006) to 1.9% compared with 7.0% (serum folate), respectively, and to 4.8% compared with 53% (RBC folate), respectively. Postfortification (2007-2010), risks of insufficiency were 3% (assay matched) compared with 39% (assay mismatched), respectively. Conclusions: The application of assay-mismatched cutoffs leads to a misinterpretation of folate status. This confusion likely applies to clinical assays because no comparability data are available, to our knowledge. C1 [Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Sternberg, Maya R.] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hamner, Heather C.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Crider, Krista S.] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lacher, David A.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Rogers, Lisa M.] WHO Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. [Bailey, Regan L.] Purdue Univ, Nutr Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bailey, Regan L.; Yetley, Elizabeth A.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cfp8@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1607 EP 1615 DI 10.3945/ajcn.116.138529 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EE0RV UT WOS:000389287500014 PM 27680995 ER PT J AU Violanti, JM Fekedulegn, D Hartley, TA Charles, LE Andrew, ME Ma, CC Burchfiel, CM AF Violanti, John M. Fekedulegn, Desta Hartley, Tara A. Charles, Luenda E. Andrew, Michael E. Ma, Claudia C. Burchfiel, Cecil M. TI Highly Rated and most Frequent Stressors among Police Officers: Gender Differences SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE LA English DT Article DE Police; Stress; Ratings; Frequency; Gender differences ID OCCUPATIONAL STRESS; WOMEN; PREDICTORS; FORCE; WORK AB This descriptive study examined the top five most frequent and highly rated occupational stressors from the Spielberger Police Stress Survey among 365 police officers enrolled in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Study (2004-2009). Prevalence, frequency, and rating of stressors were compared across gender. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence and prevalence ratio (PR) of events. Analysis of variance was used to compare mean frequency of occurrence and mean stress ratings by gender. Many reported stressors dealt with violent situations. Responding to family disputes (83 %) was reported as the most frequent stressor and exposure to battered children (27 %) was the most highly rated stressor (mean rating: 67.6 +/- A 35.3). Killing someone in the line of duty (mean rating: 66.3 +/- A 43.0) and experiencing a fellow officer being killed (mean rating: 65.3 +/- A 40.6) were highly rated but infrequent (0.27 % and 3.6 %, respectively). Male officers tended to report more frequent stressors which took away from their time off duty such as court appearances (PR = 1.26, 1.04-1.52) and working second jobs (PR = 2.37, 1.57-3.57). In contrast, female officers reported experiencing a 37 % higher prevalence of lack of support from supervisor (PR = 0.63, 0.48-0.82) relative to male officers. Results of the present study are discussed within the context of specific police stressors and gender. C1 [Violanti, John M.] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Epidemiol & Environm Hlth, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY USA. [Fekedulegn, Desta; Hartley, Tara A.; Charles, Luenda E.; Andrew, Michael E.; Ma, Claudia C.; Burchfiel, Cecil M.] Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Violanti, JM (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Epidemiol & Environm Hlth, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY USA. EM violanti@buffalo.edu; djf@cdc.gov; tow9@cdc.gov; ley0@cdc.gov; mta6@cdc.gov; iia4@cdc.gov; zar5@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1066-2316 EI 1936-1351 J9 AM J CRIM JUSTICE JI Am. J. Crim. Just. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 41 IS 4 BP 645 EP 662 DI 10.1007/s12103-016-9342-x PG 18 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA ED4II UT WOS:000388810900002 PM 28260848 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Helmick, CG AF Hootman, Jennifer M. Helmick, Charles G. TI Fibromyalgia is overdiagnosed in the general population: comment on the article by Hootman et al Reply SO Arthritis & Rheumatology LA English DT Letter ID REPORTED RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PREVALENCE; VALIDATION; VALIDITY; HEALTH C1 [Hootman, Jennifer M.; Helmick, Charles G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2326-5191 EI 2326-5205 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUMATOL JI Arthritis Rheumatol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 68 IS 12 BP 3044 EP 3045 DI 10.1002/art.39838 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA ED8XE UT WOS:000389153400029 PM 27564118 ER PT J AU Beer, L Bradley, H Mattson, CL Johnson, CH Hoots, B Shouse, RL AF Beer, Linda Bradley, Heather Mattson, Christine L. Johnson, Christopher H. Hoots, Brooke Shouse, Roy L. CA Med Monitoring Project TI Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Antiretroviral Therapy Prescription and Viral Suppression in the United States, 2009-2013 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; antiretroviral therapy; viral load; health status disparities; social determinants of health ID HIV-INFECTED ADULTS; VIROLOGICAL SUPPRESSION; GENDER DISPARITIES; CARE-SYSTEM; BLACK-MEN; HEALTH; OUTCOMES; SEX; INITIATION; ADHERENCE AB Objectives: To examine trends in racial/ethnic disparities in antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescription and viral suppression among HIV-infected persons in care, overall and among men who have sex with men (MSM), from 2009 to 2013. Design: The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is a complex sample survey of HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States. Methods: We used weighted interview and medical record data collected June 2009-May 2014 to estimate the prevalence of ART prescription and viral suppression among racial/ethnic groups overall and among MSM. Results: We found significant increases in ART prescription and viral suppression among all racial/ethnic groups from 2009 to 2013, both overall and among MSM. By 2013, overall and among MSM, the Hispanic-white disparity in ART prescription was nonexistent, and the black-white disparity was not significant after accounting for differences between blacks and whites in age and length of HIV diagnosis. Despite reductions in racial/ethnic disparities in viral suppression over the time period, significant disparities remained among the total population, even after adjusting for differences in racial/ethnic group characteristics. Encouragingly, however, there was no significant Hispanic-white disparity in viral suppression among MSM by 2013. Conclusions: Despite significant improvements in ART prescription and viral suppression in recent years, racial and ethnic disparities persist, particularly for black persons. If the United States is to achieve the National HIV/AIDS Strategy goal of reducing HIV-related health disparities, continued efforts to accelerate the rate of improvement in ART prescription and viral suppression among Hispanic and black persons may need to be prioritized. C1 [Beer, Linda; Bradley, Heather; Mattson, Christine L.; Johnson, Christopher H.; Hoots, Brooke; Shouse, Roy L.; Med Monitoring Project] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E46, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Beer, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E46, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM LBeer@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Funding for the Medical Monitoring Project is provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 73 IS 4 BP 446 EP 453 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ED7LB UT WOS:000389044800014 PM 27391389 ER PT J AU Chiu, A Modi, S Rivadeneira, ED Koumans, EH AF Chiu, Alexander Modi, Surbhi Rivadeneira, Emilia D. Koumans, Emilia H. TI Optimizing Infant HIV Diagnosis in Resource-Limited Settings: Modeling the Impact of HIV DNA PCR Testing at Birth SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV testing; modeling; early infant diagnosis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; EARLY ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; INFECTED INFANTS; POOLED ANALYSIS; MORTALITY; DISEASE; AFRICA; WOMEN AB Background: Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected infants significantly improves survival but is often delayed in resource-limited settings. Adding HIV testing of infants at birth to the current recommendation of testing at age 4-6 weeks may improve testing rates and decrease time to ART initiation. We modeled the benefit of adding HIV testing at birth to the current 6-week testing algorithm. Methods: Microsoft Excel was used to create a decision-tree model of the care continuum for the estimated 1,400,000 HIV-infected women and their infants in sub-Saharan Africa in 2012. The model assumed average published rates for facility births (42.9%), prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission utilization (63%), mother-to-child-transmission rates based on prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission regimen (5%-40%), return of test results (41%), enrollment in HIV care (52%), and ART initiation (54%). We conducted sensitivity analyses to model the impact of key variables and applied the model to specific country examples. Results: Adding HIV testing at birth would increase the number of infants on ART by 204% by age 18 months. The greatest increase is seen in early ART initiations (543% by age 3 months). The increase would lead to a corresponding increase in survival at 12 months of age, with 5108 fewer infant deaths (44,550, versus 49,658). Conclusion: Adding HIV testing at birth has the potential to improve the number and timing of ART initiation of HIV-infected infants, leading to a decrease in infant mortality. Using this model, countries should investigate a combination of HIV testing at birth and during the early infant period. C1 [Chiu, Alexander; Modi, Surbhi; Rivadeneira, Emilia D.; Koumans, Emilia H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chiu, Alexander] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Experience Appl Epidemiol Fellowship, Sci Educ & Profess Dev Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chiu, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alex.s.chiu@gmail.com FU U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Global HIV/AIDS (DGHA) FX This publication was made possible by support from the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Global HIV/AIDS (DGHA). NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 73 IS 4 BP 454 EP 462 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ED7LB UT WOS:000389044800015 PM 27792684 ER PT J AU Westblade, LF Mathison, BA Singer, MS Jerris, RC Caltharp, SA AF Westblade, Lars F. Mathison, Blaine A. Singer, Michael S. Jerris, Robert C. Caltharp, Shelley A. TI A 4-Year-Old Boy Vomits on His Sister a Noctuid Caterpillar SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Westblade, Lars F.; Jerris, Robert C.; Caltharp, Shelley A.] Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Westblade, Lars F.; Jerris, Robert C.; Caltharp, Shelley A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Mathison, Blaine A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Singer, Michael S.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Biol, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Caltharp, SA (reprint author), Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.; Caltharp, SA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM Shelley.Caltharp@choa.org NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 54 IS 12 BP 2845 EP + DI 10.1128/JCM.03112-14 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ED9RF UT WOS:000389209600001 PM 27881633 ER PT J AU Gargis, AS Kalman, L Lubin, IM AF Gargis, Amy S. Kalman, Lisa Lubin, Ira M. TI Assuring the Quality of Next-Generation Sequencing in Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratories SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID STANDARDS; DIAGNOSIS; PATHOLOGY AB Clinical microbiology and public health laboratories are beginning to utilize next-generation sequencing (NGS) for a range of applications. This technology has the potential to transform the field by providing approaches that will complement, or even replace, many conventional laboratory tests. While the benefits of NGS are significant, the complexities of these assays require an evolving set of standards to ensure testing quality. Regulatory and accreditation requirements, professional guidelines, and best practices that help ensure the quality of NGS-based tests are emerging. This review highlights currently available standards and guidelines for the implementation of NGS in the clinical and public health laboratory setting, and it includes considerations for NGS test validation, quality control procedures, proficiency testing, and reference materials. C1 [Gargis, Amy S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Kalman, Lisa; Lubin, Ira M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gargis, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM AGargis@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 54 IS 12 BP 2857 EP 2865 DI 10.1128/JCM.00949-16 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ED9RF UT WOS:000389209600005 PM 27510831 ER PT J AU Kaniga, K Cirillo, DM Hoffner, S Ismail, NA Kaur, D Lounis, N Metchock, B Pfyffer, GE Venter, A AF Kaniga, Kone Cirillo, Daniela M. Hoffner, Sven Ismail, Nazir A. Kaur, Devinder Lounis, Nacer Metchock, Beverly Pfyffer, Gaby E. Venter, Amour TI A Multilaboratory, Multicountry Study To Determine Bedaquiline MIC Quality Control Ranges for Phenotypic Drug Susceptibility Testing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; MICROTITER ASSAY PLATE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; INEXPENSIVE METHOD; SYSTEM; TMC207; TB AB The aim of this study was to establish standardized drug susceptibility testing (DST) methodologies and reference MIC quality control (QC) ranges for bedaquiline, a diarylquinoline antimycobacterial, used in the treatment of adults with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Two tier-2 QC reproducibility studies of bedaquiline DST were conducted in eight laboratories using Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Agar dilution and broth microdilution methods were evaluated. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was used as the QC reference strain. Bedaquiline MIC frequency, mode, and geometric mean were calculated. When resulting data occurred outside predefined CLSI criteria, the entire laboratory data set was excluded. For the agar dilution MIC, a 4-dilution QC range (0.015 to 0.12 mu g/ml) centered around the geometric mean included 95.8% (7H10 agar dilution; 204/213 observations with one data set excluded) or 95.9% (7H11 agar dilution; 232/242) of bedaquiline MICs. For the 7H9 broth microdilution MIC, a 3-dilution QC range (0.015 to 0.06 mu g/ml) centered around the mode included 98.1% (207/211, with one data set excluded) of bedaquiline MICs. Microbiological equivalence was demonstrated for bedaquiline MICs determined using 7H10 agar and 7H11 agar but not for bedaquiline MICs determined using 7H9 broth and 7H10 agar or 7H9 broth and 7H11 agar. Bedaquiline DST methodologies and MIC QC ranges against the H37Rv M. tuberculosis reference strain have been established: 0.015 to 0.12 mu g/ml for the 7H10 and 7H11 agar dilution MICs and 0.015 to 0.06 mu g/ml for the 7H9 broth microdilution MIC. These methodologies and QC ranges will be submitted to CLSI and EUCAST to inform future research and provide guidance for routine clinical bedaquiline DST in laboratories worldwide. C1 [Kaniga, Kone] Janssen Res & Dev LLC, Titusville, NJ 08560 USA. [Cirillo, Daniela M.] Ist Sci San Raffaele, IRCCS, Milan, Italy. [Hoffner, Sven] Publ Hlth Agcy Sweden, TB Supranatl Reference Lab, Solna, Sweden. [Ismail, Nazir A.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr TB, Natl TB Reference Lab, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Ismail, Nazir A.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Med Microbiol, Pretoria, South Africa. [Kaur, Devinder] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Massachusetts Supranatl TB Reference Lab, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Lounis, Nacer] Janssen Pharmaceut NV, Beerse, Belgium. [Metchock, Beverly] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Reference Lab, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pfyffer, Gaby E.] Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Ctr Lab Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Luzern, Switzerland. [Venter, Amour] Univ Stellenbosch, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Div Mol Biol & Human Genet, TASK Appl Sci,SA MRC Ctr TB Res,DST NRF Ctr Excel, Tygerberg, South Africa. RP Kaniga, K (reprint author), Janssen Res & Dev LLC, Titusville, NJ 08560 USA. EM kkaniga@its.jnj.com FU Janssen Pharmaceuticals except the Reference Laboratory, Division of TB Elimination, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA FX All participating laboratories received funds for this study from Janssen Pharmaceuticals except the Reference Laboratory, Division of TB Elimination, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Support for medical writing assistance was provided by Janssen Pharmaceuticals. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 54 IS 12 BP 2956 EP 2962 DI 10.1128/JCM.01123-16 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ED9RF UT WOS:000389209600018 PM 27654337 ER PT J AU Kaniga, K Cirillo, DM Hoffner, S Ismail, NA Kaur, D Lounis, N Metchock, B Pfyffer, GE Venter, A AF Kaniga, Kone Cirillo, Daniela M. Hoffner, Sven Ismail, Nazir A. Kaur, Devinder Lounis, Nacer Metchock, Beverly Pfyffer, Gaby E. Venter, Amour TI A Multilaboratory, Multicountry Study To Determine MIC Quality Control Ranges for Phenotypic Drug Susceptibility Testing of Selected First-Line Antituberculosis Drugs, Second-Line Injectables, Fluoroquinolones, Clofazimine, and Linezolid SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; BREAKPOINTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; MODEL AB Our objective was to establish reference MIC quality control (QC) ranges for drug susceptibility testing of antimycobacterials, including first-line agents, second-line injectables, fluoroquinolones, and World Health Organization category 5 drugs for multidrug- resistant tuberculosis using a 7H9 broth microdilution MIC method. A tier-2 reproducibility study was conducted in eight participating laboratories using Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Three lots of custom-made frozen 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates were used and prepared with 2x prediluted drugs in 7H9 broth-oleic acid albumin dextrose catalase. The QC reference strain was Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. MIC frequency, mode, and geometric mean were calculated for each drug. QC ranges were derived based on predefined, strict CLSI criteria. Any data lying outside CLSI criteria resulted in exclusion of the entire laboratory data set. Data from one laboratory were excluded due to higher MIC values than other laboratories. QC ranges were established for 11 drugs: isoniazid (0.03 to 0.12 mu g/ml), rifampin (0.03 to 0.25 mu g/ml), ethambutol (0.25 to 2 mu g/ml), levofloxacin (0.12 to 1 mu g/ml), moxifloxacin (0.06 to 0.5 mu g/ml), ofloxacin (0.25 to 2 mu g/ml), amikacin (0.25 to 2 mu g/ml), kanamycin (0.25 to 2 mu g/ml), capreomycin (0.5 to 4 mu g/ml), linezolid (0.25 to 2 mu g/ml), and clofazimine (0.03 to 0.25 mu g/ml). QC ranges could not be established for nicotinamide (pyrazinamide surrogate), prothionamide, or ethionamide, which were assay nonperformers. Using strict CLSI criteria, QC ranges against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv reference strain were established for the majority of commonly used antituberculosis drugs, with a convenient 7H9 broth microdilution MIC method suitable for use in resource-limited settings. C1 [Kaniga, Kone] Janssen Res & Dev LLC, Titusville, NJ 08560 USA. [Cirillo, Daniela M.] Ist Sci San Raffaele, IRCCS, Milan, Italy. [Hoffner, Sven] Publ Hlth Agcy Sweden, TB Supranatl Reference Lab, Solna, Sweden. [Ismail, Nazir A.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr TB, Natl TB Reference Lab, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Ismail, Nazir A.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Med Microbiol, Pretoria, South Africa. [Kaur, Devinder] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Massachusetts Supranatl TB Reference Lab, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Lounis, Nacer] Janssen Pharmaceut NV, Beerse, Belgium. [Metchock, Beverly] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Reference Lab, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pfyffer, Gaby E.] Luzerner Kantonsspital LUKS, Ctr Lab Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Luzern, Switzerland. [Venter, Amour] Univ Stellenbosch, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Div Mol Biol & Human Genet, TASK Appl Sci,SA MRC Ctr TB Res,DST NRF Ctr Excel, Tygerberg, South Africa. RP Kaniga, K (reprint author), Janssen Res & Dev LLC, Titusville, NJ 08560 USA. EM kkaniga@its.jnj.com FU Janssen Pharmaceuticals except the Reference Laboratory, Division of TB Elimination, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA FX All participating laboratories received funds for this study from Janssen Pharmaceuticals except the Reference Laboratory, Division of TB Elimination, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Support for medical writing assistance was provided by Janssen Pharmaceuticals. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 54 IS 12 BP 2963 EP 2968 DI 10.1128/JCM.01138-16 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ED9RF UT WOS:000389209600019 PM 27654338 ER PT J AU Hu, F Rishishwar, L Sivadas, A Mitchell, GJ Jordan, IK Murphy, TF Gilsdorf, JR Mayer, LW Wang, X AF Hu, Fang Rishishwar, Lavanya Sivadas, Ambily Mitchell, Gabriel J. Jordan, I. King Murphy, Timothy F. Gilsdorf, Janet R. Mayer, Leonard W. Wang, Xin TI Comparative Genomic Analysis of Haemophilus haemolyticus and Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and a New Testing Scheme for Their Discrimination SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; STRAINS; DISEASE; GENES; SEQUENCES; CHILDREN AB Haemophilus haemolyticus has been recently discovered to have the potential to cause invasive disease. It is closely related to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NT H. influenzae). NT H. influenzae and H. haemolyticus are often misidentified because none of the existing tests targeting the known phenotypes of H. haemolyticus are able to specifically identify H. haemolyticus. Through comparative genomic analysis of H. haemolyticus and NT H. influenzae, we identified genes unique to H. haemolyticus that can be used as targets for the identification of H. haemolyticus. A real-time PCR targeting purT (encoding phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 in the purine synthesis pathway) was developed and evaluated. The lower limit of detection was 40 genomes/PCR; the sensitivity and specificity in detecting H. haemolyticus were 98.9% and 97%, respectively. To improve the discrimination of H. haemolyticus and NT H. influenzae, a testing scheme combining two targets (H. haemolyticus purT and H. influenzae hpd, encoding protein D lipoprotein) was also evaluated and showed 96.7% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity for the identification of H. haemolyticus and 92.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the identification of H. influenzae, respectively. The dual-target testing scheme can be used for the diagnosis and surveillance of infection and disease caused by H. haemolyticus and NT H. influenzae. C1 [Hu, Fang; Mayer, Leonard W.; Wang, Xin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rishishwar, Lavanya; Sivadas, Ambily; Mitchell, Gabriel J.; Jordan, I. King] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rishishwar, Lavanya; Jordan, I. King] Appl Bioinformat Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rishishwar, Lavanya; Jordan, I. King] PanAmer Bioinformat Inst, Cali, Valle Dei Cauca, Colombia. [Mitchell, Gabriel J.] IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria. [Murphy, Timothy F.] SUNY Buffalo, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Clin & Translat Res Ctr,Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Buffalo, NY USA. [Gilsdorf, Janet R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gqe8@cdc.gov OI Rishishwar, Lavanya/0000-0002-2055-9392 FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR001412]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI019641] NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 54 IS 12 BP 3010 EP 3017 DI 10.1128/JCM.01511-16 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ED9RF UT WOS:000389209600026 PM 27707939 ER PT J AU Jayakumar, A Savic, RM Everett, CK Benator, D Alland, D Heilig, CM Weiner, M Friedrich, SO Martinson, NA Kerrigan, A Zamudio, C Goldberg, SV Whitworth, WC Davis, JL Nahid, P AF Jayakumar, A. Savic, R. M. Everett, C. K. Benator, D. Alland, D. Heilig, C. M. Weiner, M. Friedrich, S. O. Martinson, N. A. Kerrigan, A. Zamudio, C. Goldberg, S. V. Whitworth, W. C. Davis, J. L. Nahid, P. TI Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Shows Faster Clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA with Higher Levels of Rifapentine Exposure SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; BIOMARKER AB The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is both sensitive and specific as a diagnostic test. Xpert also reports quantitative output in cycle threshold (C-T) values, which may provide a dynamic measure of sputum bacillary burden when used longitudinally. We evaluated the relationship between Xpert C-T trajectory and drug exposure during tuberculosis (TB) treatment to assess the potential utility of Xpert C-T for treatment monitoring. We obtained serial sputum samples from patients with smear-positive pulmonary TB who were consecutively enrolled at 10 international clinical trial sites participating in study 29X, a CDC-sponsored Tuberculosis Trials Consortium study evaluating the tolerability, safety, and antimicrobial activity of rifapentine at daily doses of up to 20 mg/kg of body weight. Xpert was performed at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12. Longitudinal C-T data were modeled using a nonlinear mixed effects model in relation to rifapentine exposure (area under the concentration-time curve [AUC]). The rate of change of C-T was higher in subjects receiving rifapentine than in subjects receiving standard-dose rifampin. Moreover, rifapentine exposure, but not assigned dose, was significantly associated with rate of change in C-T (P = 0.02). The estimated increase in C-T slope for every additional 100 mu g . h/ml of rifapentine drug exposure (as measured by AUC) was 0.11 C-T/week (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05 to 0.17). Increasing rifapentine exposure is associated with a higher rate of change of Xpert C-T, indicating faster clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA. These data suggest that the quantitative outputs of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay may be useful as a dynamic measure of TB treatment response. C1 [Jayakumar, A.; Everett, C. K.; Nahid, P.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Savic, R. M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Pharm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Benator, D.] Washington DC VA Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Benator, D.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Alland, D.] Rutgers New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ USA. [Heilig, C. M.; Goldberg, S. V.; Whitworth, W. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Weiner, M.] Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Weiner, M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Friedrich, S. O.] Univ Stellenbosch, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, DST NRF Ctr Excellence Biomed TB Res, Div Med Physiol,MRC Ctr TB Res, Tygerberg, South Africa. [Martinson, N. A.] Univ Witwatersrand, MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Ctr HIV AIDS &, Perinatal HIV Res Unit PHRU, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Kerrigan, A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Zamudio, C.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Davis, J. L.] Yale Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. RP Nahid, P (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM pnahid@ucsf.edu OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310 FU HHS \ National Institutes of Health (NIH) [5T32HL007185-37, AI097005]; HHS \ NIH \ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [R01AI104589]; HHS \ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This work, including the efforts of Archana Jayakumar, was funded by HHS vertical bar National Institutes of Health (NIH) (5T32HL007185-37). This work, including the efforts of Charles K. Everett, was funded by HHS vertical bar National Institutes of Health (NIH) (AI097005). This work, including the efforts of Payam Nahid, was funded by HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (R01AI104589). This work, including the efforts of Debra Benator, Charles M. Heilig, Marc Weiner, Neil Martinson, AmyKerrigan, Carlos Zamudio, Stefan V. Goldberg, William C. Whitworth, and Payam Nahid, was funded by HHS vertical bar Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 54 IS 12 BP 3028 EP 3033 DI 10.1128/JCM.01313-16 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ED9RF UT WOS:000389209600029 PM 27733634 ER PT J AU Boone, JT Campbell, DE Dandro, AS Chen, L Herbein, JF AF Boone, Jeremy T. Campbell, Davina E. Dandro, Amy S. Chen, Li Herbein, Joel F. TI A Rapid Immunoassay for Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Directly from Human Fecal Samples and Its Performance in Detection of Toxin Subtypes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; REAL-TIME PCR; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; ASYMPTOMATIC HUMAN CARRIERS; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; VIRULENCE FACTORS; STRUCTURAL GENES; SOUTHERN ALBERTA; STOOL SAMPLES; STX GENES AB Fecal samples (n = 531) submitted to a regional clinical laboratory during a 6-month period were tested for the presence of Shiga toxin using both a Vero cell cytotoxicity assay and the Shiga Toxin Quik Chek test (STQC), a rapid membrane immunoassay. Testing the samples directly (without culture), 9 positives were identified by the Vero cell assay, all of which were also detected by the STQC. The correlation between the two assays was 100%. Not all of the identified positive samples were detected when fecal broth cultures were tested. By testing broth cultures of characterized isolates representing all described Shiga toxin subtypes, the STQC detected all subtypes. Levels of induction of toxin production by ciprofloxacin differed among the strains tested, with more toxin induction seen in strains harboring Stx2 phages than in those harboring Stx1 phages. C1 [Boone, Jeremy T.; Campbell, Davina E.; Dandro, Amy S.; Chen, Li; Herbein, Joel F.] TechLab Inc, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Campbell, Davina E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dandro, Amy S.] Revivicor Inc, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Boone, JT (reprint author), TechLab Inc, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM jeboone@techlab.com NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 54 IS 12 BP 3056 EP 3063 DI 10.1128/JCM.01785-16 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ED9RF UT WOS:000389209600033 PM 27733635 ER PT J AU Thompson, ND LaPlace, L Epstein, L Thompson, D Dumyati, G Concannon, C Quinlan, G Witten, T Warnke, L Lynfield, R Maloney, M Melchreit, R Stone, ND AF Thompson, Nicola D. LaPlace, Lisa Epstein, Lauren Thompson, Deborah Dumyati, Ghinwa Concannon, Cathleen Quinlan, Gail Witten, Tory Warnke, Linn Lynfield, Ruth Maloney, Meghan Melchreit, Richard Stone, Nimalie D. TI Prevalence of Antimicrobial Use and Opportunities to Improve Prescribing Practices in US Nursing Homes SO Journal of the American Medical Directors Association LA English DT Article DE Nursing home; surveillance; antimicrobial use; antibiotic; prescribing ID URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; ANTIBIOTIC USE; CARE AB Objectives: To describe the prevalence and epidemiology of antimicrobial use (AU) in nursing home residents. Design: One-day point prevalence survey. Setting and participants: Nine nursing homes in four states; 1,272 eligible residents. Measurement: Frequency of antimicrobials prescribed, drug name, start date, duration, route, rationale, and treatment site. AU prevalence per 100 residents overall and by resident characteristic. Results: AU prevalence was 11.1% (95% confidence interval, 9.4%-12.9%) and varied by resident characteristics. Most (32%) antimicrobials were given for urinary tract infection. For 38% of AU, key prescribing information was not documented. Conclusion: Opportunities to improve AU documentation and prescribing exist in nursing homes. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. C1 [Thompson, Nicola D.; LaPlace, Lisa; Epstein, Lauren; Stone, Nimalie D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thompson, Deborah] New Mexico Dept Hlth, New Mexico Emerging Infect Program, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Dumyati, Ghinwa] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. [Dumyati, Ghinwa; Concannon, Cathleen; Quinlan, Gail] Emerging Infect Program, Rochester, NY USA. [Witten, Tory; Warnke, Linn; Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minnesota Emerging Infect Program, St Paul, MN USA. [Maloney, Meghan; Melchreit, Richard] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT USA. RP Thompson, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd MS A-16, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ndthompson@cdc.gov FU CDC FX All authors report no relevant financial support and conflicts of interest. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Funding for Emerging Infections Program sites was provided by CDC through a cooperate agreement. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-8610 EI 1538-9375 J9 J AM MED DIR ASSOC JI J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1151 EP 1153 DI 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.08.013 PG 3 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA ED9NM UT WOS:000389198200014 PM 27751803 ER PT J AU Thornton, JH Batengana, BM Eiras, AE Irish, SR AF Thornton, Jonathan Harold Batengana, Bernard Malongo Eiras, Alvaro Eduardo Irish, Seth Robert TI Evaluation of collection methods for Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes simpsoni in northeastern Tanzania SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex quinquefasciatus; Aedes aegypti; gravid trap; MosquiTrap; Aedes simpsoni; Tanzania ID FEVER VIRUS VECTOR; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; GRAVID TRAPS; DENGUE; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; TRANSMISSION; CHIKUNGUNYA; MOSQUITOS; AFRICA AB In East Africa, significant morbidity and mortality are caused by infections spread by Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. Sticky traps have been shown to be effective tools for sampling populations of Aedes mosquitoes and have been found to catch Cx. quinquefasciatus. Thus, they could potentially be used to sample populations of this species. This study compared Sticky ovitraps (SO) and MosquiTraps (MQT) with the CDC Gravid trap (CDC-GT) for collection of Culex and Aedes mosquito populations in Tanzania. A follow-up experiment was carried out using traps set for a 24-h period to accommodate the oviposition habits of Aedes aegypti and Ae. simpsoni s.l. mosquitoes. The results showed that the CDC-GT caught significantly more Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti than the SO or MQT, but there was no significant difference in the number of mosquitoes caught between the two sticky traps or of Ae. simpsoni s.l. caught among the three trap types. The results suggest that CDC-GTs are the most appropriate in sampling of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Although CDC-GTs collected more Ae. aegypti than the sticky traps, the simplicity and cost benefit of sticky traps facilitates large scale studies. All three trap types should be considered for monitoring Aedes mosquitoes. C1 [Thornton, Jonathan Harold] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Batengana, Bernard Malongo] Natl Inst Med Res Muheza, Amani Med Res Ctr, Muheza, Tanzania. [Eiras, Alvaro Eduardo] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Parasitol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Irish, Seth Robert] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Irish, Seth Robert] Ctr Dis Control, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Irish, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM sirish@cdc.gov FU London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine FX Thanks to Dr. Mary Cameron for help in project development, input, and support. Thanks to Dr. William Kisinza, Dr. Yahya Athumani Derua, and Dr. Matt Kirby for facilitating the work in Tanzania. Thanks to Kisesa Kassim and Joseph Miyamba for assistance in setting and collecting traps and identifying mosquitoes. Thanks to Ecovec for supplying the MosquiTraps. Dr. Alvaro E. Eiras thanks CNPq-Pronex-Dengue and DECIT (Ministerio da Saude). The funding for this study was provided by the MSc project fund of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 EI 1948-7134 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 41 IS 2 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1111/jvec.12221 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EC7LE UT WOS:000388319300007 PM 27860009 ER PT J AU Hemme, RR Poole-Smith, BK Hunsperger, EA Felix, GE Horiuchi, K Biggerstaff, BJ Lopez-Ortiz, R Barrera, R AF Hemme, Ryan R. Poole-Smith, B. Katherine Hunsperger, Elizabeth A. Felix, Gilberto E. Horiuchi, Kalanthe Biggerstaff, Brad J. Lopez-Ortiz, Ricardo Barrera, Roberto TI Non-human primate antibody response to mosquito salivary proteins: Implications for dengue virus transmission in Puerto Rico SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE Anti-salivary gland protein antibodies; Dengue; Non-human primates; Aedes mediovittatus; Aedes aegypti; Culex quinquefasciatus ID AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; MEDIOVITTATUS DIPTERA; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; CULICIDAE; VECTOR; INFECTION; BIOMARKER; BLOOD; HOSTS; IGE AB An important step to incriminate a mosquito as a vector of a disease pathogen is finding evidence of direct contact between the mosquito and humans. Typically, this is accomplished through landing/biting catches, or host blood meal analysis in engorged mosquitoes via immunologic assays. An alternate approach is to identify the presence of specific mosquito anti-saliva protein antibodies in the blood of exposed hosts. Following the discovery of dengue infected, free roaming non-human primates in Puerto Rico, we investigated which mosquito species had bitten these primates using a serologic assay. Serum samples from 20 patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) and two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatto) were used to evaluate mosquito bite exposure to Aedes aegypti, Aedes mediovittatus, Aedes taeniorhynchus, and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Of 22 non-human primates examined 20 (90%), 17 (77%), 13 (59%), and 7 (31%) were positive for exposure to Ae. mediovittatus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. taeniorhynchus, and Ae. aegypti, respectively. Our findings indicated that free-roaming primates in Puerto Rico were exposed to the bites of one proven dengue vector, Ae. aegypti and one potential dengue vector, Ae. mediovittatus. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Hemme, Ryan R.; Poole-Smith, B. Katherine; Hunsperger, Elizabeth A.; Felix, Gilberto E.; Barrera, Roberto] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. [Horiuchi, Kalanthe; Biggerstaff, Brad J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Off Director, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Lopez-Ortiz, Ricardo] Puerto Rico Dept Nat & Environm Resources, Fish & Wildlife Bur, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Hemme, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Entomol & Ecol Act, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM rhemme@cdc.gov; betty.k.poolesmith.mil@mail.mil; enh4@cdc.gov; ckn5@cdc.gov; jqe2@cdc.gov; bkb5@cdc.gov; rlopez@drna.gobierno.pr; amz9@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X EI 1873-6254 J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 164 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.08.027 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA ED7YD UT WOS:000389087700046 PM 27593498 ER PT J AU Siddiqui, R Ali, IKM Cope, JR Khan, NA AF Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah Ali, Ibne Karim M. Cope, Jennifer R. Khan, Naveed Ahmed TI Biology and pathogenesis of Naegleria fowleri SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Review DE Pathogenic amoebae; Nasal irrigation; Muslims; Diagnosis; Treatment ID PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; REAL-TIME PCR; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; PORE-FORMING POLYPEPTIDES; COMPLEMENT-MEDIATED LYSIS; MELTING-CURVE ANALYSIS; IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FRESH-WATER FISHES AB Naegleria fowleri is a protist pathogen that can cause lethal brain infection. Despite decades of research, the mortality rate related with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis owing to N. fowleri remains more than 90%. The amoebae pass through the nose to enter the central nervous system killing the host within days, making it one of the deadliest opportunistic parasites. Accordingly, we present an up to date review of the biology and pathogenesis of N. fowleri and discuss needs for future research against this fatal infection. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah; Khan, Naveed Ahmed] Sunway Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia. [Ali, Ibne Karim M.; Cope, Jennifer R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Waterborne Dis Prevent Branch, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Khan, NA (reprint author), Sunway Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia. EM naveed5438@gmail.com FU Sunway University, Malaysia FX This work was supported by Sunway University, Malaysia. NR 277 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X EI 1873-6254 J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 164 BP 375 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.009 PG 20 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA ED7YD UT WOS:000389087700047 PM 27616699 ER PT J AU Babiker, A Sanchez, GV Bhandary, S Bordon, JM AF Babiker, Ahmed Sanchez, Guillermo V. Bhandary, Siddartha Bordon, Jose M. TI Reply to "Nitrofurantoin, an Excellent Empiric Choice for Outpatient Cystitis" SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter C1 [Babiker, Ahmed; Bhandary, Siddartha; Bordon, Jose M.] Providence Hosp, Washington, DC 20017 USA. [Sanchez, Guillermo V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bordon, JM (reprint author), Providence Hosp, Washington, DC 20017 USA. EM jbordon@provhosp.org NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 EI 1098-6596 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 60 IS 12 BP 7536 EP 7536 PG 1 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ED7QO UT WOS:000389064300069 PM 27872109 ER PT J AU Delatour, V Liu, QD Vesper, HW AF Delatour, Vincent Liu, Qinde Vesper, Hubert W. CA LNE-LABAC Working Grp TI Commutability Assessment of External Quality Assessment Materials with the Difference in Bias Approach: Are Acceptance Criteria Based on Medical Requirements too Strict? SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID LDL CHOLESTEROL; HDL C1 [Delatour, Vincent] Lab Natl Metrol & Essais LNE, Paris, France. [Liu, Qinde] Hlth Sci Author Singapore, Appl Sci Grp, Chem Metrol Div, Singapore, Singapore. [Vesper, Hubert W.] CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Delatour, V (reprint author), 1 Rue Gaston Boissier, Paris, France. EM vincent.delatour@lne.fr NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 EI 1530-8561 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 62 IS 12 BP 1670 EP 1671 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2016.261008 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA ED5XN UT WOS:000388926800019 PM 27899458 ER PT J AU Visser, SN Deubler, EL Bitsko, RH Holbrook, JR Danielson, ML AF Visser, Susanna N. Deubler, Emily L. Bitsko, Rebecca H. Holbrook, Joseph R. Danielson, Melissa L. TI Demographic Differences Among a National Sample of US Youth With Behavioral Disorders SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCT DISORDER; ADOLESCENTS C1 [Visser, Susanna N.; Deubler, Emily L.; Bitsko, Rebecca H.; Holbrook, Joseph R.; Danielson, Melissa L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, E-88,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Visser, SN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, E-88,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM svisser@cdc.gov OI Danielson, Melissa/0000-0001-9461-0341 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0009-9228 EI 1938-2707 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 55 IS 14 BP 1358 EP 1362 DI 10.1177/0009922815623229 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ED2IA UT WOS:000388666000013 ER PT J AU Danforth, M Novak, M Petersen, J Mead, P Kingry, L Weinburke, M Buttke, D Hacker, G Tucker, J Niemela, M Jackson, B Padgett, K Liebman, K Vugia, D Kramer, V AF Danforth, Mary Novak, Mark Petersen, Jeannine Mead, Paul Kingry, Luke Weinburke, Matthew Buttke, Danielle Hacker, Gregory Tucker, James Niemela, Michael Jackson, Bryan Padgett, Kerry Liebman, Kelly Vugia, Duc Kramer, Vicki TI Investigation of and Response to 2 Plague Cases, Yosemite National Park, California, USA, 2015 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID YERSINIA-PESTIS; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN EXPOSURE AB In August 2015, plague was diagnosed for 2 persons who had visited Yosemite National Park in California, USA. One case was septicemic and the other bubonic. Subsequent environmental investigation identified probable locations of exposure for each patient and evidence of epizootic plague in other areas of the park. Transmission of Yersinia pestis was detected by testing rodent serum, fleas, and rodent carcasses. The environmental investigation and whole-genome multilocus sequence typing of Y pestis isolates from the patients and environmental samples indicated that the patients had been exposed in different locations and that at least 2 distinct strains of Y. pestis were circulating among vector host populations in the area. Public education efforts and insecticide applications in select areas to control rodent fleas probably reduced the risk for plague transmission to park visitors and staff. C1 [Danforth, Mary; Novak, Mark; Hacker, Gregory; Tucker, James; Niemela, Michael; Jackson, Bryan; Padgett, Kerry; Liebman, Kelly; Vugia, Duc; Kramer, Vicki] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Sacramento, CA USA. [Petersen, Jeannine; Mead, Paul; Kingry, Luke] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Weinburke, Matthew; Buttke, Danielle] Natl Pk Serv, El Portal, CA USA. [Weinburke, Matthew; Buttke, Danielle] Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kramer, V (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Infect Dis Branch, Div Communicable Dis Control, 1616 Capitol Ave,MS-7307,POB 997377, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA. EM vicki.kramer@cdph.ca.gov OI Kingry, Luke/0000-0002-5724-2575 FU NPS FX This study was partially supported by contract funding from the NPS to Public Health Foundation Enterprises. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2045 EP 2053 DI 10.3201/eid2212.160560 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ED5SP UT WOS:000388912900002 ER PT J AU Bosco-Lauth, AM Calvert, AE Root, JJ Gidlewski, T Bird, BH Bowen, RA Muehlenbachs, A Zaki, SR Brault, AC AF Bosco-Lauth, Angela M. Calvert, Amanda E. Root, J. Jeffrey Gidlewski, Tom Bird, Brian H. Bowen, Richard A. Muehlenbachs, Atis Zaki, Sherif R. Brault, Aaron C. TI Vertebrate Host Susceptibility to Heartland Virus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; THROMBOCYTOPENIA SYNDROME VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; BUNYAVIRIDAE PHLEBOVIRUS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TOSCANA VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; DC-SIGN AB Heartland virus (HRTV) is a recently described phlebovirus initially isolated in 2009 from 2 humans who had leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Serologic assessment of domestic and wild animal populations near the residence of 1 of these persons showed high exposure rates to raccoons, white-tailed deer, and horses. To our knowledge, no laboratory-based assessments of viremic potential of animals infected with HRTV have been performed. We experimentally inoculated several vertebrates (raccoons, goats, chickens, rabbits, hamsters, C57BL/6 mice, and interferon-alpha/beta/gamma receptor deficient [Ag129]) mice with this virus. All animals showed immune responses against HRTV after primary or secondary exposure. However, neutralizing antibody responses were limited. Only Ag129 mice showed detectable viremia and associated illness and death, which were dose dependent. Ag129 mice also showed development of mean peak viral antibody titers >8 logio PFU/mL, hemorrhagic hepatic lesions, splenomegaly, and large amounts of HRTV antigen in mononuclear cells and hematopoietic cells in the spleen. C1 [Bosco-Lauth, Angela M.; Calvert, Amanda E.; Brault, Aaron C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3156 Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Bosco-Lauth, Angela M.; Bowen, Richard A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Root, J. Jeffrey; Gidlewski, Tom] USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bird, Brian H.; Muehlenbachs, Atis; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brault, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3156 Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM abrault@cdc.gov FU American Society for Microbiology postdoctoral fellowship FX A.M.B.-L. was supported by an American Society for Microbiology postdoctoral fellowship. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2070 EP 2077 DI 10.3201/eid2212.160472 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ED5SP UT WOS:000388912900005 PM 27869591 ER PT J AU Sapp, SGH Rascoe, LN Wilkins, PP Handali, S Gray, EB Eberhard, M Woodhall, DM Montgomery, SP Bailey, KL Lankau, EW Yabsley, MJ AF Sapp, Sarah G. H. Rascoe, Lisa N. Wilkins, Patricia P. Handali, Sukwan Gray, Elizabeth B. Eberhard, Mark Woodhall, Dana M. Montgomery, Susan P. Bailey, Karen L. Lankau, Emily W. Yabsley, Michael J. TI Baylisascaris procyonis Roundworm Seroprevalence among Wildlife Rehabilitators, United States and Canada, 2012-2015 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LOTOR; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; USA; DIAGNOSIS; EGGS AB Baylisascaris procyonis roundworms can cause potentially fatal neural larva migrans in many species, including humans. However, the clinical spectrum of baylisascariasis is not completely understood. We tested 347 asymptomatic adult wildlife rehabilitators for B. procyonis antibodies; 24 were positive, suggesting that subclinical baylisascariasis is occurring among this population. C1 [Sapp, Sarah G. H.; Bailey, Karen L.; Lankau, Emily W.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rascoe, Lisa N.; Wilkins, Patricia P.; Handali, Sukwan; Gray, Elizabeth B.; Eberhard, Mark; Woodhall, Dana M.; Montgomery, Susan P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bailey, Karen L.] Kentucky Wildlife Ctr, Lexington, KY USA. [Lankau, Emily W.] Ronin Inst, Montclair, NJ USA. RP Sapp, SGH (reprint author), Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30605 USA.; Sapp, SGH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Wildlife Dis Bldg, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM sgsapp@uga.edu FU wildlife management agency of the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study member states through the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917); US Department of the Interior [G11AC20003] FX Some financial support was provided by the wildlife management agencies of the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study member states through the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917) and by the US Department of the Interior Cooperative Agreement G11AC20003. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2128 EP 2131 DI 10.3201/eid2212.160467 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ED5SP UT WOS:000388912900012 PM 27869612 ER PT J AU Marinova-Petkova, A Franks, J Tenzin, S Dahal, N Dukpa, K Dorjee, J Feeroz, MM Rehg, JE Barman, S Krauss, S McKenzie, P Webby, RJ Webster, RG AF Marinova-Petkova, Atanaska Franks, John Tenzin, Sangay Dahal, Narapati Dukpa, Kinzang Dorjee, Jambay Feeroz, Mohammed M. Rehg, Jerold E. Barman, Subrata Krauss, Scott McKenzie, Pamela Webby, Richard J. Webster, Robert G. TI Highly Pathogenic Reassortant Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.2.1a in Poultry, Bhutan SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID H5N1 VIRUSES; BANGLADESH AB Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1), Glade 2.3.2.1a, with an H9-like polymerase basic protein 1 gene, isolated in Bhutan in 2012, replicated faster in vitro than its H5N1 parental genotype and was transmitted more efficiently in a chicken model. These properties likely help limit/eradicate outbreaks, combined with strict control measures. C1 [Marinova-Petkova, Atanaska; Franks, John; Rehg, Jerold E.; Barman, Subrata; Krauss, Scott; McKenzie, Pamela; Webby, Richard J.; Webster, Robert G.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Tenzin, Sangay; Dahal, Narapati; Dukpa, Kinzang; Dorjee, Jambay] Minist Agr & Forests, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth, Thimphu, Bhutan. [Feeroz, Mohammed M.] Jahangirnagar Univ, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Marinova-Petkova, Atanaska] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Webster, RG (reprint author), St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, MS 330,262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM robert.webster@stjude.org FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institutes of Health [HHSN266200700005C, HHSN272201400006C]; Department of Health and Human Services; American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities FX This work was funded by contracts HHSN266200700005C and HHSN272201400006C from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Health and Human Services, and by the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2137 EP 2141 DI 10.3201/eid2212.160611 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ED5SP UT WOS:000388912900014 PM 27584733 ER PT J AU Garlick, J Lee, TJ Shepherd, P Linam, WM Pastula, DM Weinstein, S Schexnayder, SM AF Garlick, Jeremy Lee, T. Jacob Shepherd, Patrick Linam, W. Matthew Pastula, Daniel M. Weinstein, Susan Schexnayder, Stephen M. TI Locally Acquired Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Disease, Arkansas, USA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID MASSACHUSETTS C1 [Garlick, Jeremy; Lee, T. Jacob; Shepherd, Patrick; Linam, W. Matthew; Schexnayder, Stephen M.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Pastula, Daniel M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Pastula, Daniel M.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Weinstein, Susan] Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Schexnayder, SM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Med, Sect Crit Care Med, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, 1 Childrens Way,S-4415, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM SchexnayderSM@uams.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2216 EP 2217 DI 10.3201/eid2212.160844 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ED5SP UT WOS:000388912900041 PM 27662563 ER PT J AU Heffernan, AL English, K Toms, LML Calafat, AM Valentin-Blasini, L Hobson, P Broomhall, S Ware, RS Jagals, P Sly, PD Mueller, JF AF Heffernan, A. L. English, K. Toms, L. M. L. Calafat, A. M. Valentin-Blasini, L. Hobson, P. Broomhall, S. Ware, R. S. Jagals, P. Sly, P. D. Mueller, J. F. TI Cross-sectional biomonitoring study of pesticide exposures in Queensland, Australia, using pooled urine samples SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biomonitoring; Urine; Pesticides; Organophosphate; Pyrethroid; Children ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DIALKYLPHOSPHATE METABOLITES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; 3-PHENOXYBENZOIC ACID; NORTHERN POLAND; PREGNANT-WOMEN; POPULATION; CHEMICALS AB A range of pesticides are available in Australia for use in agricultural and domestic settings to control pests, including organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, herbicides, and insect repellents, such as N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET). The aim of this study was to provide a cost-effective preliminary assessment of background exposure to a range of pesticides among a convenience sample of Australian residents. De-identified urine specimens stratified by age and sex were obtained from a community-based pathology laboratory and pooled (n = 24 pools of 100 specimens). Concentrations of urinary pesticide biomarkers were quantified using solid-phase extraction coupled with isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Geometric mean biomarker concentrations ranged from < 0.1 to 36.8 ng/mL for organophosphate insecticides, < 0.1 to 5.5 ng/mL for pyrethroid insecticides, and < 0.1 to 8.51 ng/mL for all other biomarkers with the exception of the DEET metabolite 3-diethylcarbamoyl benzoic acid (4.23 to 850 ng/mL). We observed no association between age and concentration for most biomarkers measured but noted a "U-shaped" trend for five organophosphate metabolites, with the highest concentrations observed in the youngest and oldest age strata, perhaps related to age-specific differences in behavior or physiology. The fact that concentrations of specific and non-specific metabolites of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos were higher than reported in USA and Canada may relate to differences in registered applications among countries. Additional biomonitoring programs of the general population and focusing on vulnerable populations would improve the exposure assessment and the monitoring of temporal exposure trends as usage patterns of pesticide products in Australia change over time. C1 [Heffernan, A. L.; Mueller, J. F.] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. [Heffernan, A. L.] Florey Inst Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Parkville, Vic, Australia. [English, K.] Univ Queensland, Sch Med, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [English, K.; Ware, R. S.; Jagals, P.; Sly, P. D.] Univ Queensland, Childrens Hlth & Environm Program, Child Hlth Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Toms, L. M. L.] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Work, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Toms, L. M. L.] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Hlth & Biomed Innovat, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Calafat, A. M.; Valentin-Blasini, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hobson, P.] Sullivan Nicolaides Pathol Taringa, Taringa, Qld, Australia. [Broomhall, S.] Australian Govt, Dept Environm, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Ware, R. S.; Jagals, P.] Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Heffernan, AL (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia.; Heffernan, AL (reprint author), Florey Inst Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Parkville, Vic, Australia. EM amy.heffernan@uqconnect.edu.au; k.english@uq.edu.au; leisamaree.toms@qut.edu.au; aic7@cdc.gov; lvb5@cdc.gov; Peter_Hobson@snp.com.au; Sara.Broomhall@environment.gov.au; r.ware@uq.edu.au; p.jagals@uq.edu.au; p.sly@uq.edu.au; j.mueller@uq.edu.au RI Mueller, Jochen/C-6241-2008; Ware, Robert/B-2024-2014 OI Ware, Robert/0000-0002-6129-6736 FU NHMRC-ARC Fellowship [APP1106911]; Australian Government Postgraduate Award; ARC DECRA [DE120100161]; Australian Government Department of the Environment; Victorian Government; Operational Infrastructure Support Grant FX The authors wish to thank the staff at Entox and Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology Taringa for their assistance with the sample collection and pooling. We also gratefully acknowledge Sam Baker, Mark Davis, Angela Montesano, and other CDC staff for their technical assistance in measuring the urinary concentrations of the pesticide biomarkers. ALH is funded by an NHMRC-ARC Fellowship (APP1106911), KE by an Australian Government Postgraduate Award, LMT by an ARC DECRA (DE120100161), PDS is an NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellow (no. 1102590), and JFM is an ARC Future Fellow (FF120100546). The authors would like to thank the Australian Government Department of the Environment for their financial support. The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health acknowledges the strong support from the Victorian Government and in particular the funding from the Operational Infrastructure Support Grant. Entox is a joint venture of the University of Queensland and the Queensland Department of Health. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 23 IS 23 BP 23436 EP 23448 DI 10.1007/s11356-016-7571-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED1JL UT WOS:000388601400009 PM 27613627 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ Farley, MM Petit, S Reingold, A Weston, EJ Pondo, T Jain, JH Lynfield, R AF Schrag, Stephanie J. Farley, Monica M. Petit, Susan Reingold, Arthur Weston, Emily J. Pondo, Tracy Jain, Jennifer Hudson Lynfield, Ruth TI Epidemiology of Invasive Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis, 2005 to 2014 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; INTRAPARTUM ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; UNITED-STATES; COLI DISEASE; AMPICILLIN; SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTION; RESISTANCE; INFANTS; BURDEN AB BACKGROUND: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Escherichia coli have historically dominated as abstract causes of early-onset neonatal sepsis. Widespread use of intrapartum prophylaxis for GBS disease led to concerns about the potential adverse impact on E coli incidence. METHODS: Active, laboratory, and population-based surveillance for culture-positive (blood or cerebrospinal fluid) bacterial infections among infants 0 to 2 days of age was conducted statewide in Minnesota and Connecticut and in selected counties of California and Georgia during 2005 to 2014. Demographic and clinical information were collected and hospital live birth denominators were used to calculate incidence rates (per 1000 live births). We used the Cochran-Amitage test to assess trends. RESULTS: Surveillance identified 1484 cases. GBS was most common (532) followed by E coli (368) and viridans streptococci (280). Eleven percent of cases died and 6.3% of survivors had sequelae at discharge. All-cause (2005: 0.79; 2014: 0.77; P =.05) and E coli (2005: 0.21; 2014: 0.18; P =.25) sepsis incidence were stable. GBS incidence decreased (2005: 0.27; 2014: 0.22; P =.02). Among infants < 1500 g, incidence was an order of magnitude higher for both pathogens and stable. The odds of death among infants < 1500 g were similar for both pathogens but among infants >= 1500 g, the odds of death were greater for E coli cases (odds ratio: 7.0; 95% confidence interval: 2.7-18.2). CONCLUSIONS: GBS prevention efforts have not led to an increasing burden of early-onset E coli infections. However, the stable burden of E coli sepsis and associated mortality underscore the need for interventions. C1 [Schrag, Stephanie J.; Weston, Emily J.; Pondo, Tracy; Jain, Jennifer Hudson] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Petit, Susan] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Reingold, Arthur] Univ Calif Berkley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA USA. [Lynfield, Ruth] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS C25,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM sjschrag@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Emerging Infections Program Network/Active Bacterial Core surveillance FX This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Emerging Infections Program Network/Active Bacterial Core surveillance. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2016 VL 138 IS 6 AR e20162013 DI 10.1542/peds.2016-2013 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ED5WX UT WOS:000388924800043 ER PT J AU Wiegand, RE Rose, CE Karon, JM AF Wiegand, Ryan E. Rose, Charles E. Karon, John M. TI Comparison of models for analyzing two-group, cross-sectional data with a Gaussian outcome subject to a detection limit SO STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE limit of detection; regression; statistical power ID MIXED EFFECTS MODELS; HIV-RNA DATA; CENSORED-DATA; SAMPLE-SIZE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; MIXTURE MODEL; VIRAL LOAD; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; LINEAR-REGRESSION; EXPOSURE DATA AB A potential difficulty in the analysis of biomarker data occurs when data are subject to a detection limit. This detection limit is often defined as the point at which the true values cannot be measured reliably. Multiple, regression-type models designed to analyze such data exist. Studies have compared the bias among such models, but few have compared their statistical power. This simulation study provides a comparison of approaches for analyzing two-group, cross-sectional data with a Gaussian-distributed outcome by exploring statistical power and effect size confidence interval coverage of four models able to be implemented in standard software. We found using a Tobit model fit by maximum likelihood provides the best power and coverage. An example using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ribonucleic acid data is used to illustrate the inferential differences in these models. C1 [Wiegand, Ryan E.; Rose, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Karon, John M.] Apex Syst Inc, Richmond, VA USA. RP Wiegand, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS A-06,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rwiegand@cdc.gov NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0962-2802 EI 1477-0334 J9 STAT METHODS MED RES JI Stat. Methods Med. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 25 IS 6 BP 2733 EP 2749 DI 10.1177/0962280214531684 PG 17 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics; Statistics & Probability SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics; Mathematics GA ED1SR UT WOS:000388625700021 PM 24803511 ER PT J AU Rico, AB Phillips, AT Schountz, T Jarvis, DL Tjalkens, RB Powers, AM Olson, KE AF Rico, Amber B. Phillips, Aaron T. Schountz, Tony Jarvis, Donald L. Tjalkens, Ronald B. Powers, Ann M. Olson, Ken E. TI Venezuelan and western equine encephalitis virus E1 liposome antigen nucleic acid complexes protect mice from lethal challenge with multiple alphaviruses SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alphavirus; Bioluminescence; Eastern equine encephalitis virus; In vivo imaging; Subunit vaccine; Togaviridae; Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; Western equine encephalitis virus ID EASTERN EQUINE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; VACCINE; GLYCOPROTEIN; REPLICATION; VECTORS; SYSTEM AB Eastern, Venezuelan and western equine encephalitis viruses (EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV) are mosquito borne viruses that cause substantial disease in humans and other vertebrates. Vaccines are limited and current treatment options have not proven successful. In this report, we vaccinated outbred mice with lipid-antigen-nucleicacid-complexes (LANACs) containing VEEV E1 +WEEV E1 antigen and characterized protective efficacy against lethal EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV challenge. Vaccination resulted in complete protection against EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV in CD-1 mice. Measurements of bioluminescence and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) indicate that LANAC VEEV E1 +WEEV E1 vaccination is sterilizing against VEEV and WEEV challenge; whereas immunity to EEEV is not sterilizing. Passive transfer of rabbit VEEV El +WEEV El immune serum to naive mice extended the mean time to death (MTD) of EEEV challenged mice and provided significant protection from lethal VEEV and WEEV challenge. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rico, Amber B.; Phillips, Aaron T.; Schountz, Tony; Olson, Ken E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jarvis, Donald L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Mol Biol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Phillips, Aaron T.; Tjalkens, Ronald B.] CSU, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Powers, Ann M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Rico, AB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM amber.rico@colostate.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [RO1 AI46435, ES021656, R21 ES024183]; Colorado State University (DMIP Bridge Grant Fund) [1673192]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) (NIH-RCE) [A1065357] FX Our research has been funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (RO1 AI46435, ES021656 and R21 ES024183 and NIH-RCE (A1065357)) and Colorado State University (fund# 1673192) (DMIP Bridge Grant Fund). The funding sources had no role in study design; data collection and analysis; decision to publish; or preparation of the manuscript. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC PY 2016 VL 499 BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2016.08.023 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA EC3YI UT WOS:000388062600004 PM 27632563 ER PT J AU Reidy, DE Smith-Darden, JP Kernsmith, PD AF Reidy, Dennis E. Smith-Darden, Joanne P. Kernsmith, Poco D. TI Behavioral and Mental Health Correlates of Youth Stalking Victimization A Latent Class Approach SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; DEPRESSION; PROFILE; SCALES; CHILD AB Introduction: Although recognized as a public health problem, little attention has been paid to the problem of stalking among youth. Latent profile analysis was used to identify latent groups of adolescent stalking victims and their behavioral and mental health correlates. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 1,236 youths were randomly selected from 13 schools stratified by community risk level (i.e., low, moderate, and high risk) and gender. Students completed surveys assessing behavioral indicators of stalking victimization, as well as substance use, sexual behavior, dating violence, and psychiatric symptoms. Data were collected in 2013 and data analyses were performed in 2015. Results: Analysis indicated the presence of a non-victim class, a minimal exposure class, and a victim class for boys and girls alike. Approximately 14% of girls and 13% of boys were in the stalking victim class. Adolescents in the victim class reported more symptoms of post-traumatic stress, mood disorder, and hopelessness, as well as more instances of alcohol use, binge drinking, and physical dating violence victimization. Girls in the victim class also reported engaging in sexting behaviors and oral sex with significantly more partners than their non-victim peers. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable knowledge of the prevalence and pertinent health correlates of stalking victimization in adolescence. The data suggest a substantial proportion of adolescents are victims of stalking and are likewise at risk for a number of deleterious health outcomes. As such, this population merits further attention by prevention researchers and practitioners. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Reidy, Dennis E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Smith-Darden, Joanne P.; Kernsmith, Poco D.] Wayne State Univ, Sch Social Work, Detroit, MI USA. RP Reidy, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dreidy@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1U01CE002115-01] FX This work was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Grant #1U01CE002115-01. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1007 EP 1014 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.035 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA EC7ZD UT WOS:000388358800020 PM 27743623 ER PT J AU Lu, PJ O'Halloran, AC Ding, H Williams, WW Black, CL AF Lu, Peng-Jun O'Halloran, Alissa C. Ding, Helen Williams, Walter W. Black, Carla L. TI Influenza Vaccination of Healthcare Personnel by Work Setting and Occupation-US, 2014 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SELF-REPORT; ADULT-POPULATIONS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; HOME STAFF; REQUIREMENTS; IMMUNIZATION; HOSPITALS; COVERAGE; MORTALITY AB Introduction: Routine influenza vaccination of healthcare personnel (HCP) can reduce influenza-related illness and its potentially serious consequences among HCP and their patients. Influenza vaccination has been routinely recommended for HCP since 1984. Methods: Data from the 2013 and 2014 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed in 2015. Kaplan-Meier survival estimated the cumulative proportion of HCP reporting 2013-2014 season influenza vaccination. Vaccination coverage by work setting and occupation were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression and predictive marginal analyses identified factors independently associated with vaccination among HCP. Results: Influenza vaccination coverage was 64.9% among HCP aged >= 18 years (95% CI = 60.5%, 69.3%), which was significantly higher compared with non-HCP among the same age group (41.0%, 95% CI = 39.8%, 42.1%) (p < 0.05). Vaccination coverage was higher among physicians (82.3%) and nurses (77.5%) than other types of HCP (range, 50.2%-65.6%). Coverage was higher among HCP working in hospitals (76.9%) versus other settings (range, 53.9%-60.2%). Characteristics independently associated with an increased likelihood of vaccination among HCP were older age, higher education, having more physician contacts, and having health insurance. Having never been married was independently associated with decreased likelihood of vaccination among HCP. Conclusions: Influenza vaccination coverage was higher among HCP than non-HCP, but still below the national target of 90%. Vaccination coverage varied widely by occupation type, work settings, and demographic characteristics. Evidence-based interventions, such as making vaccine available at no cost in the workplace and active promotion of vaccination, are needed to increase influenza vaccination among HCP in all healthcare settings. (C) 2016 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lu, Peng-Jun; O'Halloran, Alissa C.; Ding, Helen; Williams, Walter W.; Black, Carla L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lu, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lhp8@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1015 EP 1026 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.038 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA EC7ZD UT WOS:000388358800021 PM 27866594 ER PT J AU Wang, TW Agaku, IT Marynak, KL King, BA AF Wang, Teresa W. Agaku, Israel T. Marynak, Kristy L. King, Brian A. TI Attitudes Toward Prohibiting Tobacco Sales in Pharmacy Stores Among US Adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTS; RISK AB Introduction: Pharmacy stores are positioned to cultivate health and wellness among patrons. This study assessed attitudes toward prohibiting tobacco product sales in pharmacy stores among U.S. adults. Methods: Data from the 2014 Summer Styles, an Internet survey of U.S. adults aged >= 18 years (n = 4,269), were analyzed in 2015. Respondents were asked: Do you favor or oppose banning the sale of all tobacco products in retail pharmacy stores? Responses were: strongly favor, somewhat favor, somewhat oppose, and strongly oppose. Prevalence ratios were calculated using multivariate Poisson regression to determine sociodemographic correlates of favorability (strongly or somewhat). Results: Among all adults, 66.1% "strongly" or "somewhat" favored prohibiting tobacco product sales in pharmacy stores. Favorability was 46.5% among current cigarette smokers, 66.3% among former smokers, and 71.8% among never smokers. Favorability was 47.8% among current non-cigarette tobacco users, 63.2% among former users, and 71.4% among never users. Following adjustment, favorability was more likely among women compared with men (p<0.05). Conversely, favorability was less likely among the following: adults aged 25-44 years and 45-64 years compared with those aged >= 65 years, those with annual household income of $15,000-$24,999 compared with >=$60,000, current cigarette smokers compared with never smokers, and current and former non-cigarette tobacco users compared with never tobacco users (p<0.05). Conclusions: Most U.S. adults favor prohibiting tobacco sales in retail pharmacy stores. Eliminating tobacco product sales in these settings may reinforce pharmacy stores' efforts to promote wellness, and further cultivate social climates that reduce the desirability, acceptability, and accessibility of tobacco. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Wang, Teresa W.; Agaku, Israel T.; Marynak, Kristy L.; King, Brian A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Wang, Teresa W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wang, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM yxn7@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1038 EP 1043 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.06.017 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA EC7ZD UT WOS:000388358800023 PM 27593419 ER PT J AU Culp, LA Caucci, L Fenlon, NE Lindley, MC Nelson, NP Murphy, TV AF Culp, Lindsay A. Caucci, Lisa Fenlon, Nancy E. Lindley, Megan C. Nelson, Noele P. Murphy, Trudy V. TI Assessment of State Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Laws SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Introduction: Identifying pregnant women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection for post-exposure prophylaxis of their infants is critical to preventing mother-to-child transmission of HBV infection. HBV infection in infancy results in premature death from chronic liver disease or cancer in 25% of affected infants. Universal screening of pregnant women for HBV infection is the standard of care, and in many states is supported by laws for screening and reporting these infections to public health. No recent assessment of state screening and reporting laws for HBV infection has been published. Methods: In 2014, the authors analyzed laws current through December 31, 2013 from U.S. jurisdictions (50 states and the District of Columbia) related to HBV infection and hepatitis B surface antigen screening and reporting requirements generally and for pregnant women specifically. Results: All states require reporting of cases of HBV infection. Twenty-six states require pregnant women to be screened. Thirty-three states require public health reporting of HBV infections in pregnant women, but only 12 states require reporting pregnancy status of women with HBV infection. Conclusions: This assessment revealed significant variability in laws related to screening and reporting of HBV infection among pregnant women in the U.S. Implementing comprehensive HBV infection screening and reporting laws for pregnant women may facilitate identifying HBV-infected pregnant women and preventing HBV infection in their infants. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Culp, Lindsay A.; Caucci, Lisa] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off State Tribal Local & Terr Support, 4770 Buford Highway,MS E-85, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Fenlon, Nancy E.; Lindley, Megan C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Nelson, Noele P.; Murphy, Trudy V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Culp, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off State Tribal Local & Terr Support, 4770 Buford Highway,MS E-85, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lculp@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 51 IS 6 BP E179 EP E185 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.005 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA EC7ZD UT WOS:000388358800003 PM 27866601 ER PT J AU Mitsch, AJ Hall, I Babu, AS AF Mitsch, Andrew John Hall, Irene Babu, Aruna Surendera TI Trends in HIV Infection Among Persons Who Inject Drugs: United States and Puerto Rico, 2008-2013 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; HEALTH-CARE; OUTBREAK; COVERAGE; PEOPLE; HEROIN; ADULTS AB Objectives. To describe trends in HIV diagnoses and prevalence among persons who inject drugs (PWID), and trend variations by jurisdiction. Methods. We used National HIV Surveillance System data to estimate the number of HIV diagnoses made during 2008 through 2013, and measured trends by estimated annual percent change; and persons living with diagnosed HIV infection at year-end 2008 to 2012, and measured trends in prevalence by the 2012-2008 arithmetic difference. Results. During 2008 through 2013, the number of HIV diagnoses was stable among all persons (<2% per year), and decreased among PWID (>10% per year) overall and in 10 jurisdictions. The Black-to-White PWID diagnosis ratio was 2 to 1. During 2008 through 2012, the number of persons living with diagnosed HIV infection increased overall, was stable among PWID, and decreased in 14 jurisdictions. Conclusions. Had the rate of decrease in diagnoses of HIV infection among PWID equaled that of all persons, an additional 1500 diagnoses would have occurred between 2008 and 2013. Prevalence was stable among PWID, and increased overall among all persons living with HIV infection. Pronounced racial inequities persist, particularly for Blacks, and appear to be diminishing. C1 [Mitsch, Andrew John; Hall, Irene] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Babu, Aruna Surendera] ICF Macro Int Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mitsch, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30324 USA. EM amitsch@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 106 IS 12 BP 2194 EP 2201 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303380 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC4IQ UT WOS:000388091700046 PM 27631746 ER PT J AU Flagg, EW Torrone, EA Weinstock, H AF Flagg, Elaine W. Torrone, Elizabeth A. Weinstock, Hillard TI Ecological Association of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination with Cervical Dysplasia Prevalence in the United States, 2007-2014 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID YOUNG-WOMEN; HPV VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; INFECTION; LESIONS; CANCER; ABNORMALITIES; RECOMMENDATIONS; ADOLESCENTS AB Objectives. To examine prevalence of low-and high-grade cervical lesions over time in a large cohort of US female adolescents and women. Methods. We used health care claims data from 9 million privately insured female patients aged 15 to 39 years to estimate annual prevalence of cytologically detected cervical low-grade (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and high-grade histologically detected cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 (CIN2+) during 2007 through 2014. We restricted analyses to those who received cervical cancer screening in a given calendar year. Results. Prevalence of HSIL and CIN2+ decreased significantly for those aged 15 to 19 years. Average annual percent change in prevalence in this group during 2007 through 2014 for HSIL and CIN2+ was -8.3% and -14.4%, respectively (P<.001 for both estimates). Prevalence of HSIL and CIN2+ also decreased significantly for women aged 20 to 24 years. No decreases were seen in women aged 25 to 39 years. Conclusions. Decreases in high-grade lesions reflected their greater association with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, compared with low-grade lesions, providing ecological evidence of population effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination among young, privately insured women. C1 [Flagg, Elaine W.; Torrone, Elizabeth A.; Weinstock, Hillard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MSE 63, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Flagg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MSE 63, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM eflagg@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 106 IS 12 BP 2211 EP 2218 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303472 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC4IQ UT WOS:000388091700050 PM 27736208 ER PT J AU Lambert, LA Armstrong, LR Lobato, MN Ho, C France, AM Haddad, MB AF Lambert, Lauren A. Armstrong, Lori R. Lobato, Mark N. Ho, Christine France, Anne Marie Haddad, Maryam B. TI Tuberculosis in Jails and Prisons: United States, 2002-2013 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; TRANSMISSION AB Objectives. To describe cases and estimate the annual incidence of tuberculosis in correctional facilities. Methods. We analyzed 2002 to 2013 National Tuberculosis Surveillance System case reports to characterize individuals who were employed or incarcerated in correctional facilities at time they were diagnosed with tuberculosis. Incidence was estimated with Bureau of Justice Statistics denominators. Results. Among 299 correctional employees with tuberculosis, 171 (57%) were US-born and 82 (27%) were female. Among 5579 persons incarcerated at the time of their tuberculosis diagnosis, 2520 (45%) were US-born and 495 (9%) were female. Median estimated annual tuberculosis incidence rates were 29 cases per 100 000 local jail inmates, 8 per 100 000 state prisoners, and 25 per 100 000 federal prisoners. The foreign-born proportion of incarcerated men 18 to 64 years old increased steadily from 33% in 2002 to 56% in 2013. Between 2009 and 2013, tuberculosis screenings were reported as leading to 10% of diagnoses among correctional employees, 47% among female inmates, and 42% among male inmates. Conclusions. Systematic screening and treatment of tuberculosis infection and disease among correctional employees and incarcerated individuals remain essential to tuberculosis prevention and control. C1 [Lambert, Lauren A.; Armstrong, Lori R.; Lobato, Mark N.; Ho, Christine; France, Anne Marie; Haddad, Maryam B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Lambert, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM llambert@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 106 IS 12 BP 2231 EP 2237 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303423 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC4IQ UT WOS:000388091700053 PM 27631758 ER PT J AU Kostygina, G England, L Ling, PM AF Kostygina, Ganna England, Lucinda Ling, Pamela M. TI SMOKING HARM REDUCTION RESPONSE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID CESSATION; PREVENTION; INDUSTRY C1 [Kostygina, Ganna] Univ Chicago, NORC, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ling, Pamela M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Tobacco Control Res & Educ, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Ling, Pamela M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [England, Lucinda] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kostygina, G (reprint author), Univ Chicago, NORC, Hlth Media Collaboratory, 55 E Monroe St,3105L, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. EM kostygina-anna@norc.org NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 106 IS 12 BP E2 EP E3 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303476 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC4IQ UT WOS:000388091700004 PM 27831785 ER PT J AU Magill, SS Li, QN Gross, C Dudeck, M Allen-Bridson, K Edwards, JR AF Magill, Shelley S. Li, Qunna Gross, Cindy Dudeck, Margaret Allen-Bridson, Katherine Edwards, Jonathan R. TI Incidence and Characteristics of Ventilator Associated Events Reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network in 2014 SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE critical care; nosocomial infections; pneumonia; ventilator associated; public health surveillance; ventilators; mechanical ID AUTOMATED SURVEILLANCE; PNEUMONIA; IMPACT; PREVENTABILITY; COMPLICATIONS; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; PATIENT AB Objective: Ventilator:associated event surveillance was introduced in the National Healthcare Safety Network in 2013, replacing surveillance for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adult inpatient locations. We determined incidence rates and characteristics of ventilator-associated events reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network. Design, Setting, and Patients: We analyzed data reported from U.S. healthcare facilities for ventilator-associated events that occurred in 2014, the first year during which ventilator-associated event surveillance definitions were stable. We used negative binomial regression modeling to identify healthcare facility and inpatient location characteristics associated with ventilator-associated events. We calculated ventilator-associated event incidence rates, rate distributions, and ventilator utilization ratios in critical care and noncritical care locations and described event characteristics. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 1,824 healthcare facilities reported 32,772 location months of ventilator-associated event surveillance data to the National Healthcare Safety Network in 2014. Critical care unit pooled mean ventilator-associated event incidence rates ranged from 2.00 to 11.79 per 1,000 ventilator days, whereas noncritical care unit rates ranged from 0 to 14.86 per 1,000 ventilator days. The pooled mean proportion of ventilator-associated events defined as infection-related varied from 15.38% to 47.62% in critical care units. Pooled mean ventilator utilization ratios in critical care units ranged from 0.24 to 0.47. Conclusions: We found substantial variability in ventilator-associated event incidence, proportions of ventilator-associated events characterized as infection-related, and ventilator utilization within and among location types. More work is needed to understand the preventable fraction of ventilator-associated events and identify patient care strategies that reduce ventilator-associated events. C1 [Magill, Shelley S.; Li, Qunna; Gross, Cindy; Dudeck, Margaret; Allen-Bridson, Katherine; Edwards, Jonathan R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Magill, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM smagill@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0090-3493 EI 1530-0293 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 44 IS 12 BP 2154 EP 2162 DI 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001871 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA EC3VZ UT WOS:000388056500005 PM 27513356 ER PT J AU Foster, MA Xing, J Moorman, AC Boscarino, J Gordon, SC Lu, M Rupp, L Schmidt, MA Trinacty, CM Xu, F Holmberg, SD Spradling, PR AF Foster, Monique A. Xing, Jian Moorman, Anne C. Boscarino, Joseph Gordon, Stuart C. Lu, Mei Rupp, Loralee Schmidt, Mark A. Trinacty, Connie M. Xu, Fujie Holmberg, Scott D. Spradling, Philip R. TI Frequency of and Factors Associated with Receipt of Liver-Related Specialty Care Among Patients with Hepatitis C in the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Assessment; Hepatitis C; Referral; Specialty care; Treatment ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS-INFECTION; COMORBIDITY; OUTCOMES AB Linking persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) to care and treatment is critical to reduction in disease burden; typically, this entailed referral to a specialist. However, data regarding the frequency and factors associated with referral among patients in healthcare organizations (HCOs) are lacking. Among persons in four US HCOs with newly diagnosed HCV during 2006-2011, we determined the frequency of liver-related specialist care after diagnosis. We also identified sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with such care by multivariate analysis, adjusted for all variables. Among 3592 patients with newly diagnosed HCV, 57 % (range among sites 45-90 %) received specialist care; of these, 57 % received care within 90 days of diagnosis. Patient characteristics associated with receipt of specialist care included: affiliation with one of the study sites [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.8 vs. the referent site); having Medicare plus private insurance (aOR 1.6 vs. Medicaid); and having elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (aOR 1.6 vs. normal ALT) or lower platelet values (aOR 1.4 vs. normal platelet level). Specialist care within 90 days of diagnosis was associated with private insurance (aOR 1.5 vs. Medicaid), elevated ALT levels (aOR 1.3-2.3 vs. normal), and having aeyen2 comorbid conditions (aOR 1.4 vs. no comorbid conditions). Compared to patients not referred, those referred were more likely to be treated (aOR 3.5). Receipt of specialist care among persons with newly diagnosed HCV varied among HCOs. Clinical evidence of liver disease and having private insurance were associated with prompt receipt of specialist care and HCV treatment. C1 [Foster, Monique A.; Xing, Jian; Moorman, Anne C.; Xu, Fujie; Holmberg, Scott D.; Spradling, Philip R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G 37, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Boscarino, Joseph] Geisinger Hlth Syst, 100 N. Acad Ave, Danville, PA 17866 USA. [Gordon, Stuart C.; Lu, Mei; Rupp, Loralee] Henry Ford Hlth Syst, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Schmidt, Mark A.] Kaiser Permanente Hlth Res, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 USA. [Trinacty, Connie M.] Kaiser Permanente Hlth Res, 501 Alakawa St,Suite 201, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. RP Foster, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G 37, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ydg9@cdc.gov; esw4@cdc.gov; acm4@cdc.gov; jaboscarino@geisinger.edu; SGordon3@hfhs.org; MLU1@hfhs.org; LRUPP1@hfhs.org; Mark.A.Schmidt@kpchr.org; connie.mah.trinacty@kp.org; fax1@cdc.gov; sdh1@cdc.gov; pps9@cdc.gov FU CDC Foundation; AbbVie; Gilead Sciences; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group; Vertex Pharmaceuticals; Bristol-Myers Squibb FX This study and the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study were funded by the CDC Foundation, which received grants from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Past funders include Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, and Vertex Pharmaceuticals. Past partial funders include Bristol-Myers Squibb. Granting corporations did not have access to CHeCS data and did not contribute to data analysis or writing of manuscripts. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0163-2116 EI 1573-2568 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 61 IS 12 BP 3469 EP 3477 DI 10.1007/s10620-016-4269-0 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA EC6DT UT WOS:000388227400016 PM 27510752 ER PT J AU O'Connor, K Glasser, J AF O'Connor, K. Glasser, J. TI SOCIAL NETWORK MODELLING OF AN EBOLA CLUSTER TO FACILITATE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FIELD INVESTIGATIONS SO IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [O'Connor, K.] HSE South East, Cambridge, MA USA. [Glasser, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0021-1265 EI 1863-4362 J9 IRISH J MED SCI JI Irish J. Med. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 185 SU 12 BP 550 EP 550 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EC4PX UT WOS:000388116600059 ER PT J AU Wu, D Yen, C Yin, ZD Li, YX Liu, N Liu, YM Wang, HQ Cui, FQ Gregory, CJ Tate, JE Parashar, UD Yin, DP Li, L AF Wu, Dan Yen, Catherine Yin, Zun-Dong Li, Yi-Xing Liu, Na Liu, Yan-Min Wang, Hua-Qing Cui, Fu-Qiang Gregory, Christopher J. Tate, Jacqueline E. Parashar, Umesh D. Yin, Da-Peng Li, Li TI The Public Health Burden of Rotavirus Disease in Children Younger Than Five Years and Considerations for Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in China SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; diarrhea; gastroenteritis; rotavirus vaccines ID HOSPITAL-BASED SURVEILLANCE; REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; HONG-KONG; DIARRHEA; DIVERSITY; GENOTYPE; STRAINS AB Background: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea among young children worldwide. Rotavirus vaccines have demonstrated substantial benefits in many countries that have introduced vaccine nationally. In China, where rotavirus vaccines are not available through the national immunization program, it will be important to review relevant local and global information to determine the potential value of national introduction. Therefore, we reviewed evidence of rotavirus disease burden among Chinese children younger than 5 years to help inform rotavirus vaccine introduction decisions. Methods: We reviewed scientific literature on rotavirus disease burden in China from 1994 through 2014 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and PubMed. Studies were selected if they were conducted for periods of 12 month increments, had more than 100 patients enrolled and used an accepted diagnostic test. Results: Overall, 45 reports were included and indicate that rotavirus causes similar to 40% and similar to 30% of diarrhea-related hospitalizations and outpatient visits, respectively, among children younger than 5 years in China. Over 50% of rotavirus-related hospitalizations occur by age 1 year; similar to 90% occur by age 2 years. Regarding circulating rotavirus strains in China, there has been natural, temporal variation, but the predominant local strains are the same as those that are globally dominant. Conclusions: These findings affirm that rotavirus is a major cause of childhood diarrheal disease in China and suggest that a vaccination program with doses given early in infancy has the potential to prevent the majority of the burden of severe rotavirus disease. C1 [Wu, Dan; Yin, Zun-Dong; Li, Yi-Xing; Liu, Yan-Min; Wang, Hua-Qing; Cui, Fu-Qiang; Yin, Da-Peng; Li, Li] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yen, Catherine; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Parashar, Umesh D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Liu, Na] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gregory, Christopher J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Hlth Protect, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Li, L (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Yin, DP (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 27 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM yindp@chinacdc.cn FU Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention FX The authors express their gratitude to Zijian Feng and Zhaojun Duan of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention for their grant support. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0891-3668 EI 1532-0987 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 35 IS 12 BP E392 EP E398 DI 10.1097/INF.0000000000001327 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA EC6AH UT WOS:000388217900005 PM 27626917 ER PT J AU Patel, D Davis, KC Cox, S Bradfield, B King, BA Shafer, P Caraballo, R Bunnell, R AF Patel, Deesha Davis, Kevin C. Cox, Shanna Bradfield, Brian King, Brian A. Shafer, Paul Caraballo, Ralph Bunnell, Rebecca TI Reasons for current E-cigarette use among US adults SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Electronic cigarettes; Adult; Nicotine ID TOBACCO PRODUCT USE; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES; AWARENESS; INTERNET; SMOKING; YOUTH AB E-cigarette use has increased rapidly among U.S. adults. However, reasons for use among adults are unclear. We assessed reasons for e-cigarette useamong a national sample of U.S. adults. Data were collected via online surveys among U.S. adults aged 18 or older from April through June 2014. Descriptive and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to assess reasons for e-cigarette use among 2448 current e-cigarette users, by sociodemographic characteristics and product type. Assessed reasons included cessation/health, consideration of others, convenience, cost, curiosity, flavoring, and simulation of conventional cigarettes. Among current e-cigarette users, 93% were also current cigarette smokers. The most common reasons for e-cigarette use were cessation/health (84.5%), consideration of others (71.5%), and convenience (56.7%). The prevalence of citing convenience (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.49) and curiosity (aPR= 1.54) as reasons for e-cigarette use were greater among current cigarette smokers than nonsmokers (P < 0.05). The prevalence of citing flavoring as a reason for use was greater among adults aged 18 to 24 (aPR = 2.02) than 55 or older (P < 0.05). Tank use was associated with greater prevalence of citing every assessed reason except convenience and curiosity. Cessation-and health-related factors are primary reasons cited for e-cigarette use among adults, and flavorings are more commonly cited by younger adults. Efforts are warranted to provide consumers with accurate information on the health effects of e-cigarettes and to ensure that flavoring and other unregulated features do not promote nicotine addiction, particularly among young adults. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Patel, Deesha; Cox, Shanna; King, Brian A.; Caraballo, Ralph; Bunnell, Rebecca] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Davis, Kevin C.; Bradfield, Brian; Shafer, Paul] RTI Int Res, Ctr Hlth Policy Sci & Tobacco Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Shafer, Paul] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Patel, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Corp Blvd,MS E59, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM dpatel3@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2007-20016 TO29] FX This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (contract number 200-2007-20016 TO29). NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 EI 1096-0260 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 93 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.09.011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA EC8IA UT WOS:000388383700003 PM 27612572 ER PT J AU Peterman, TA O'Connor, K Bradley, HM Torrone, EA Bernstein, KT AF Peterman, Thomas A. O'Connor, Kevin Bradley, Heather M. Torrone, Elizabeth A. Bernstein, Kyle T. TI Gonorrhea Control, United States, 1972-2015, A Narrative Review SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Review ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; CASE-FINDING EFFECTIVENESS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; FOLLOW-UP; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; INFECTIONS AB Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported infection. It can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Rates of gonorrhea decreased after the National Gonorrhea Control Program began in 1972, but stabilized in the mid 1990s. The emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains increases the urgency for enhanced gonorrhea control efforts. To identify possible approaches for improving gonorrhea control, we reviewed historic protocols, reports, and other documents related to the activities of the National Gonorrhea Control Program using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention records and the published literature. The Program was a massive effort that annually tested up to 9.3 million women, and treated up to 85,000 infected partners and 100,000 additional exposed partners. Reported gonorrhea rates fell by 74% between 1976 and 1996, then stabilized. Testing positivity was 1.6-4.2% in different settings in 1976. In 1999-2008, the test positivity of a random sample of 14- to 25-year-olds was 0.4%. Gonorrhea testing rates remain high, however, partner notification efforts decreased in the 1990s as attention shifted to human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted diseases. The decrease and subsequent stabilization of gonorrhea rates was likely also influenced by changes in behavior, such as increases in condom use in response to acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Renewed emphasis on partner treatment might lead to further decreases in rates of gonorrhea. C1 [Peterman, Thomas A.; O'Connor, Kevin; Torrone, Elizabeth A.; Bernstein, Kyle T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bradley, Heather M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop E02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tap1@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0148-5717 EI 1537-4521 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 43 IS 12 BP 725 EP 730 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000515 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EC5UM UT WOS:000388202400001 PM 27835623 ER PT J AU Caffe, S Perez, F Kamb, ML de Leon, RGP Alonso, M Midy, R Newman, L Hayashi, C Ghidinelli, M AF Caffe, Sonja Perez, Freddy Kamb, Mary L. Gomez Ponce de Leon, Rodolfo Alonso, Monica Midy, Ralph Newman, Lori Hayashi, Chika Ghidinelli, Massimo TI Cuba Validated as the First Country to Eliminate Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Congenital Syphilis: Lessons Learned from the Implementation of the Global Validation Methodology SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Caffe, Sonja; Perez, Freddy; Alonso, Monica; Ghidinelli, Massimo] Pan Amer Hlth Org, 525 23rd St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Kamb, Mary L.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gomez Ponce de Leon, Rodolfo] Perinatol Ctr, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Midy, Ralph] United Nations Childrens Fund UNICEF, Panama City, Panama. [Newman, Lori; Hayashi, Chika] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Caffe, S (reprint author), Pan Amer Hlth Org, 525 23rd St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM caffes@paho.org NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0148-5717 EI 1537-4521 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 43 IS 12 BP 733 EP 736 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000528 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EC5UM UT WOS:000388202400003 PM 27835624 ER PT J AU Schillinger, JA Katz, BP Markowitz, LE Braslins, PG Shrier, LA Madico, G Van der Pol, B Orr, DP Rice, PA Batteiger, BE AF Schillinger, Julia A. Katz, Barry P. Markowitz, Lauri E. Braslins, Phillip G. Shrier, Lydia A. Madico, Guillermo Van der Pol, Barbara Orr, Donald P. Rice, Peter A. Batteiger, Byron E. TI Genotype-Specific Concordance of Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Infection Within Heterosexual Partnerships SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CHAIN-REACTION; SEROVAR-E; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; GENE; PCR; URETHRITIS AB Background: Sexual transmission rates of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) cannot be measured directly; however, the study of concordance of Ct infection in sexual partnerships (dyads) can help to illuminate factors influencing Ct transmission. Methods: Heterosexual men and women with Ct infection and their sex partners were enrolled and partner-specific coital and behavioral data collected for the prior 30 days. Microbiological data included Ct culture, and nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT), quantitative Ct polymerase chain reaction, and ompA genotyping. We measured Ct concordance in dyads and factors (correlates) associated with concordance. Results: One hundred twenty-one women and 125 men formed 128 dyads. Overall, 72.9% of male partners of NAAT-positive women and 68.6% of female partners of NAAT-positive men were Ct-infected. Concordance was more common in dyads with culture-positive members (78.6% of male partners, 77% of female partners). Partners of women and men who were NAAT-positive only had lower concordance (33.3%, 46.4%, respectively). Women in concordant dyads had significantly higher median endocervical quantitative Ct polymerase chain reaction values (3,032) compared with CT-infected women in discordant dyads (1013 inclusion forming units DNA equivalents per mL; P < 0.01). Among 54 Ct-concordant dyads with ompA genotype data for both members, 96.2% had identical genotypes. Conclusions: Higher organism load appears associated with concordance among women. Same-genotype chlamydial concordance was high in sexual partnerships. No behavioral factors were sufficiently discriminating to guide partner services activities. Findings may help model coitus-specific transmission probabilities. C1 [Schillinger, Julia A.; Markowitz, Lauri E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Katz, Barry P.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Katz, Barry P.] Richard M Fairbanks Sch Publ Hlth, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Braslins, Phillip G.; Madico, Guillermo; Rice, Peter A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Shrier, Lydia A.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Adolescent Young Adult Med, Boston, MA USA. [Shrier, Lydia A.] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA USA. [Van der Pol, Barbara; Batteiger, Byron E.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Orr, Donald P.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Sect Adolescent Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Batteiger, Byron E.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Schillinger, Julia A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevention, Div STD Prevent, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, 42-09 28th St, New York, NY 11101 USA. [Rice, Peter A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA USA. [Braslins, Phillip G.] Univ New England, Sch Rural Med, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. [Van der Pol, Barbara] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Markowitz, Lauri E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Schillinger, JA (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevention, Div STD Prevent, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, 42-09 28th St, New York, NY 11101 USA.; Schillinger, JA (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur STD Control, 42-09 28th St,CN 73, New York, NY 11101 USA. EM jschilli@health.nyc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [UR3/CCU516481-04, UR3/CCU116484-04-1] FX This work was supported by cooperative agreements with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Byron Batteiger received grant UR3/CCU516481-04 and Peter Rice received grant UR3/CCU116484-04-1 from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For the remaining authors: none were declared. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0148-5717 EI 1537-4521 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 43 IS 12 BP 741 EP 749 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000525 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EC5UM UT WOS:000388202400005 PM 27835626 ER PT J AU Morton, B Mitsi, E Pennington, SH Reine, J Wright, AD Parker, R Welters, ID Blakey, JD Rajam, G Ades, EW Ferreira, DM Wang, D Kadioglu, A Gordon, SB AF Morton, Ben Mitsi, Elena Pennington, Shaun H. Reine, Jesus Wright, Angela D. Parker, Robert Welters, Ingeborg D. Blakey, John D. Rajam, Gowrisankar Ades, Edwin W. Ferreira, Daniela M. Wang, Duolao Kadioglu, Aras Gordon, Stephen B. TI AUGMENTED PASSIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY WITH P4 PEPTIDE IMPROVES PHAGOCYTE ACTIVITY IN SEVERE SEPSIS SO SHOCK LA English DT Article DE Bacterial infection; innate immunity; neutrophil biology ID PNEUMOCOCCAL SURFACE ADHESIN; SEPTIC SHOCK; INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; SURVIVING SEPSIS; ANTIBODY; THERAPY; TRIAL; STREPTOCOCCUS; NEUTROPHILS; INFECTION AB Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance threatens to undermine treatment of severe infection; new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Preclinical work shows that augmented passive immunotherapy with P4 peptide increases phagocytic activity and shows promise as a novel therapeutic strategy. Our aim was to determine ex vivo P4 activity in a target population of patients admitted to critical care with severe infection. Methods: We prospectively recruited UK critical care unit patients with severe sepsis and observed clinical course (>= 3 months postdischarge). Blood samples were taken in early (<= 48 h postdiagnosis, n = 54), latent (7 days postdiagnosis, n = 39), and convalescent (3-6 months postdiagnosis, n = 18) phases of disease. The primary outcome measure was killing of opsonized Streptococcus pneumoniae by neutrophils with and without P4 peptide stimulation. We also used a flow cytometric whole blood phagocytosis assay to determine phagocyte association and oxidation of intraphagosomal reporter beads. Results: P4 peptide increased neutrophil killing of opsonized pneumococci by 8.6% (confidence interval 6.35-10.76, P< 0.001) in all phases of sepsis, independent of infection source and microbiological status. This represented a 54.9% increase in bacterial killing compared with unstimulated neutrophils (15.6%) in early phase samples. Similarly, P4 peptide treatment significantly increased neutrophil and monocyte intraphagosomal reporter bead association and oxidation, independent of infection source. Conclusions: We have extended preclinical work to demonstrate that P4 peptide significantly increases phagocytosis and bacterial killing in samples from a target patient population with severe sepsis. This study supports the rationale for augmented passive immunotherapy as a therapeutic strategy in severe sepsis. C1 [Morton, Ben; Parker, Robert; Blakey, John D.] Aintree Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Morton, Ben; Mitsi, Elena; Pennington, Shaun H.; Reine, Jesus; Wright, Angela D.; Parker, Robert; Blakey, John D.; Ferreira, Daniela M.; Wang, Duolao; Gordon, Stephen B.] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Clin Sci, CTID Bldg,Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Pennington, Shaun H.; Kadioglu, Aras] Univ Liverpool, Clin Infect Microbiol & Immunol, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Wright, Angela D.] Local Comprehens Res Network, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Welters, Ingeborg D.] Univ Liverpool, Inst Ageing & Chron Dis, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Rajam, Gowrisankar; Ades, Edwin W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morton, B (reprint author), Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Clin Sci, CTID Bldg,Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. EM ben.morton@lstmed.ac.uk NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1073-2322 EI 1540-0514 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD DEC PY 2016 VL 46 IS 6 BP 635 EP 641 DI 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000715 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA EC9XP UT WOS:000388497900006 PM 27488089 ER PT J AU Nelson, JM Li, RW Perrine, CG Scanlon, KS AF Nelson, Jennifer M. Li, Ruowei Perrine, Cria G. Scanlon, Kelley S. TI Public Opinions About Infant Feeding in the United States SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Article DE breastmilk; breastfeeding; infant formula; public opinion ID METAANALYSIS; ATTITUDES; RISK AB BackgroundExclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of life. However, many barriers to breastfeeding exist. We examine public opinions about the benefits of breastfeeding and the infant health risks associated with formula feeding. MethodsA national public opinion survey was conducted in 2013. Participants indicated their level of agreement with four breastfeeding-related statements. Except for the last one, all statements were positively worded with agreement representing positive opinions toward breastfeeding. To focus on the prevalence of positive opinions, we estimated percentage agreement with the first three statements, but disagreement with the fourth. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine how odds of these positive opinions varied by socio-demographic factors. ResultsSeventy-eight percent of participants agreed that breastmilk is nutritionally designed for infants, but few believed breastfeeding protects against overweight (12%). Approximately one-quarter agreed that formula feeding increases the chance of illness, whereas 45 percent disagreed that infant formula is equivalent to breastmilk. Older, less-educated, unmarried, and non-Hispanic black participants were less likely to agree that formula feeding increases the risk of infant illness. Races other than non-Hispanic white, participants aged 30-44 years and 45-59 years, unmarried, and less-educated participants were less likely to disagree with the equivalence of infant formula to breastmilk. DiscussionThe nutritional value of breastmilk is well known. Fewer adults believe that breastfeeding protects against childhood overweight or that formula feeding increases the chance of infant illness. Communication efforts may increase public awareness of the health benefits of breastfeeding. C1 [Nelson, Jennifer M.; Li, Ruowei; Perrine, Cria G.; Scanlon, Kelley S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nutr Branch, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-77, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Nelson, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nutr Branch, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-77, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jmnelson@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7659 EI 1523-536X J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD DEC PY 2016 VL 43 IS 4 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1111/birt.12248 PG 7 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA EC1VJ UT WOS:000387895900006 PM 27568829 ER PT J AU Nwankwo, T Gindi, R Chen, TC Galinsky, A Miller, I Terry, A AF Nwankwo, Tatiana Gindi, Renee Chen, Te-Ching Galinsky, Adena Miller, Ivey Terry, Ana TI Comparison of blood pressure measurements obtained in the home setting: analysis of the Health Measures at Home Study SO BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; health technician; home measurements; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ID AGREEMENT AB Background Automated blood pressure (BP) devices have been used in the home for self-management purposes and are increasingly being used in population-based research. Although these devices are convenient and affordable and may be used by inexperienced lay personnel, the potential impact of an examiner's skill level on the results needs to be evaluated quantitatively. The aim of this study was to compare BP measurements obtained in a home setting by personnel with healthcare experience with those obtained by personnel without healthcare experience. In addition, the percent agreement in high blood pressure (HBP) classification between the home BP measurement by the field interviewer (FI) and measurements obtained in a standardized environment was examined. Methods The Health Measures at Home Study was a pilot study carried out among 128 adult participants recruited from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Health Measures at Home Study provided the opportunity to compare the BP values obtained with an automated device in a home setting by both experienced health technicians (HTs) with those obtained by FIs who had no healthcare experience. Differences between measurements obtained by the HT and measurements obtained by the FI were assessed using paired t-tests, Pearson's correlations, and Bland-Altman plots. Percent agreement and kappa-statistics were used to assess agreement in HBP classification between examiners in the home. Measurements obtained by the FI were also compared with those obtained in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey mobile exam center (MEC) by a physician using percent agreement and kappa-statistics. Results There was a high correlation in both systolic blood pressure (SBP; r = 0.903) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; r = 0.894) between measurements obtained by HTs and those obtained by FIs. The mean SBP and DBP obtained by the FIs (SBP, 119.0 +/- 14.4 mmHg; DBP, 71.9 +/- 9.8 mmHg) were significantly higher than the HT measurements (SBP, 117.0 +/- 12.7 mmHg; DBP, 69.9.9 +/- 9.2 mmHg). In the home, the FI classified 11.7% as having HBP, whereas the HT classified 7.0%. The percent of individuals classified as having HBP by the physician in the MEC was 10.2% of the participants. Conclusion Operationally, FIs could take BP measurements in the home; however, there were some differences between measurements obtained by the FI and HT. The absolute difference between measurements obtained by the FI and those obtained by the HT in the home showed that measurements obtained by the FI tended to be higher than the HT, but the magnitude of these differences was less than 5 mmHg. The HT classified 7.0% of HBP whereas the FI classified 11.7% of HBP. Similarly, the FI and the MEC physician classified a different percent of individuals with HBP. Further investigation is warranted to determine the cause of these small but significant absolute differences between measurements obtained by the FI and HT. Copyright (C) 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nwankwo, Tatiana; Chen, Te-Ching; Miller, Ivey; Terry, Ana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Cubicle 005, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Gindi, Renee; Galinsky, Adena] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Nwankwo, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Cubicle 005, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM bwt4@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1359-5237 EI 1473-5725 J9 BLOOD PRESS MONIT JI Blood Press. Monit. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 21 IS 6 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1097/MBP.0000000000000210 PG 8 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA EB6NM UT WOS:000387500900002 PM 27579901 ER PT J AU Ostchega, Y Nwankwo, T Zhang, GY Chiappa, M AF Ostchega, Yechiam Nwankwo, Tatiana Zhang, Guangyu Chiappa, Michele TI Blood pressure cuff comparability study SO BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING LA English DT Article DE automatic oscillometric blood pressure device; blood pressure cuffs; comparison ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; SPHYGMOMANOMETER CUFFS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; WIDTH AB Background Manufacturer-supplied blood pressure (BP) cuffs are part of the automatic oscillometric BP devices algorithm. Materials and methods This study assessed the differences in BP values using the Omron HEM 907-XL (Omron) device with two types of cuffs: the Baum cuff (BC) and the supplied Omron cuff (OC). A sample of 102 adults participated in the study, 34 per cuff size (adult, large, and extra-large). After a 5-min resting period, three pairs of BP determinations (systolic and diastolic) were taken simultaneously on both arms. One arm was cuffed with a BC and the other arm was cuffed with an OC. The cuffs were switched to opposite arms after 5 min of rest. The order was decided randomly as to which cuff was applied to which arm first. Results The BP readings were highly correlated between the cuffs (systolic BP, r = 0.98; diastolic BP, r = 0.98). The overall mean differences (BC-OC) were 2.66 mmHg (SD = 3.9 mmHg) for systolic BP (P < 0.05) and 0.33 mmHg (SD = 2.03 mmHg) for diastolic BP (P > 0.05). Increased cuff size corresponded to increased differences in systolic BP values (adult: 1.51 mmHg; large: 2.56 mmHg; and extralarge: 3.9 mmHg; P < 0.05). For diastolic BP values, a statistically significant difference was observed only for adult cuff size (difference = 1.31 mmHg, SD = 1.34 mmHg, P < 0.05). Conclusion Using a BC with the Omron could result in higher systolic BP readings and higher diastolic BP readings with the adult cuff size. Copyright (C) 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ostchega, Yechiam; Nwankwo, Tatiana] CDC, Operat Branch, NHANES Program, NCHS, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4319, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Zhang, Guangyu] CDC, Div Res & Methodol, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Chiappa, Michele] Harris Corp, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Ostchega, Y (reprint author), CDC, Operat Branch, NHANES Program, NCHS, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4319, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM yxo1@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1359-5237 EI 1473-5725 J9 BLOOD PRESS MONIT JI Blood Press. Monit. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 21 IS 6 BP 345 EP 351 DI 10.1097/MBP.0000000000000208 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA EB6NM UT WOS:000387500900005 PM 27495190 ER PT J AU Kalis, MA Oeffinger, J Baddour, LJ Tate, C Oeffinger, K White, L Kleiman, D Shorter, C AF Kalis, Martin A. Oeffinger, John Baddour, Liljana Johnson Tate, Christl Oeffinger, Kathy White, Luann Kleiman, Diana Shorter, Charles TI Innovative Vector and Pest E-Learning for Environmental Health Professionals SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Editor's Note: NEHA strives to provide up-to-date and relevant information on environmental health and to build partnerships in the profession. In pursuit of these goals, we feature a column from the Environmental Health Services Branch (EHSB) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in every issue of the Journal. In these columns, EHSB and guest authors share insights and information about environmental health programs, trends, issues, and resources. The conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of CDC. C1 [Kalis, Martin A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Oeffinger, John] Texas Hlth Inst, Austin, TX USA. [Baddour, Liljana Johnson] Natl Network Publ Hlth Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Tate, Christl] Natl Environm Hlth Assoc, Denver, CO USA. [Oeffinger, Kathy] O2 Digital Media, Austin, TX USA. [White, Luann; Shorter, Charles] Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Kalis, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-58, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mkalis@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 79 IS 5 BP 30 EP 32 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EB8IZ UT WOS:000387636000006 ER PT J AU Yip, F AF Yip, Fuyuen TI The Future of Environmental Public Health Tracking: 2020 and Beyond SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Editor's Note: As part of our continuing effort to highlight innovative approaches and tools to improve the health and environment of communities, the Journal is pleased to publish a bimonthly column from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (Tracking Network). The Tracking Network is a system of integrated health, exposure, and hazard information and data from a variety of national, state, and city sources. The Tracking Network brings together data concerning health and environmental problems with the goal of providing information to help improve where we live, work, and play. Environmental causes of chronic diseases are hard to identify. Measuring amounts of hazardous substances in our environment in a standard way, tracing the spread of these over time and area, seeing how they show up in human tissues, and understanding how they may cause illness is critical. The Tracking Network is a tool that can help connect these efforts. Through these columns, readers will learn about the program and the resources, tools, and information available from CDC's Tracking Network. The conclusions of this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of CDC. CAPT Fuyuen Yip is the acting branch chief of the Environmental Public Health Tracking Program and is a commissioned officer with the U.S. Public Health Service. C1 [Yip, Fuyuen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Environm Hlth Tracking Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Yip, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Environm Hlth Tracking Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fay1@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 79 IS 5 BP 34 EP 36 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EB8IZ UT WOS:000387636000007 ER PT J AU Ward, JW AF Ward, John W. TI Building the evidence base to eliminate hepatitis B and C as public health threats SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID MORTALITY C1 [Ward, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Ward, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jward@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1314 EP 1316 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30272-9 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EC3YK UT WOS:000388062800008 PM 27615027 ER PT J AU Wright, PF Connor, RI Wieland-Alter, WF Hoen, AG Boesch, AW Ackerman, ME Oberste, MS Gast, C Brickley, EB Asturias, EJ Ruttimann, R Bandyopadhyay, AS AF Wright, Peter F. Connor, Ruth I. Wieland-Alter, Wendy F. Hoen, Anne G. Boesch, Austin W. Ackerman, Margaret E. Oberste, M. Steven Gast, Chris Brickley, Elizabeth B. Asturias, Edwin J. Ruttimann, Ricardo Bandyopadhyay, Ananda S. TI Vaccine-induced mucosal immunity to poliovirus: analysis of cohorts from an open-label, randomised controlled trial in Latin American infants SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL IMMUNITY; POLIOMYELITIS; LIVE; IMMUNIZATION; TRANSMISSION; SECRETIONS; INFECTION; SCHEDULES; ANTIBODY; VIRUS AB Background Identification of mechanisms that limit poliovirus replication is crucial for informing decisions aimed at global polio eradication. Studies of mucosal immunity induced by oral poliovirus (OPV) or inactivated poliovirus (IPV) vaccines and mixed schedules thereof will determine the effectiveness of different vaccine strategies to block virus shedding. We used samples from a clinical trial of different vaccination schedules to measure intestinal immunity as judged by neutralisation of virus and virus-specific IgA in stools. Methods In the FIDEC trial, Latin American infants were randomly assigned to nine groups to assess the efficacy of two schedules of bivalent OPV (bOPV) and IPV and challenge with monovalent type 2 OPV, and stools samples were collected. We selected three groups of particular interest-the bOPV control group (serotypes 1 and 3 at 6, 10, and 14 weeks), the trivalent attenuated OPV (tOPV) control group (tOPV at 6, 10, and 14 weeks), and the bOPV IPV group (bOPV at 6, 10, and 14 weeks plus IPV at 14 weeks). Neutralising activity and poliovirus type-specific IgA were measured in stool after a monovalent OPV type 2 challenge at 18 weeks of age. Mucosal immunity was measured by in-vitro neutralisation of a type 2 polio pseudovirus (PV2). Neutralisation titres and total and poliovirus-type-specific IgG and IgA concentrations in stools were assessed in samples collected before challenge and 2 weeks after challenge from all participants. Findings 210 infants from Guatemala and Dominican Republic were included in this analysis. Of 38 infants tested for mucosal antibody in the tOPV group, two were shedding virus 1 week after challenge, compared with 59 of 85 infants receiving bOPV (p<0.0001) and 53 of 87 infants receiving bOPV IPV (p<0.0001). Mucosal type 2 neutralisation and type-specific IgA were noted primarily in response to tOPV. An inverse correlation was noted between virus shedding and both serum type 2 neutralisation at challenge (p<0.0001) and mucosal type 2 neutralisation at challenge (p<0.0001). Interpretation Mucosal type-2-specific antibodies can be measured in stool and develop in response to receipt of OPV type 2 either in the primary vaccine series or at challenge. These mucosal antibodies influence the amount of virus that is shed in an established infection. C1 [Wright, Peter F.; Wieland-Alter, Wendy F.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Pediat, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Connor, Ruth I.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Hoen, Anne G.; Brickley, Elizabeth B.] Dartmouth Coll, Geisel Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Boesch, Austin W.; Ackerman, Margaret E.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Oberste, M. Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gast, Chris] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1124 Columbia St, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Asturias, Edwin J.] Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO USA. [Asturias, Edwin J.] Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Aurora, CO USA. [Ruttimann, Ricardo] FIDEC, Miami, FL USA. [Bandyopadhyay, Ananda S.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. RP Wright, PF (reprint author), Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Geisel Sch Med Dartmouth, Dept Pediat, One Med Ctr Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. OI Bandyopadhyay, Ananda/0000-0002-8395-2001 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1377 EP 1384 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30169-4 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EC3YK UT WOS:000388062800047 PM 27638357 ER PT J AU Anigstein, R Olsher, RH Loomis, DA Ansari, A AF Anigstein, Robert Olsher, Richard H. Loomis, Donald A. Ansari, Armin TI USE OF TRANSPORTABLE RADIATION DETECTION INSTRUMENTS TO ASSESS INTERNAL CONTAMINATION FROM INTAKES OF RADIONUCLIDES PART II: CALIBRATION FACTORS AND ICAT COMPUTER PROGRAM SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE biokinetics; detector; scintillation; intake; radionuclide; phantom mathematical ID RADIOLOGICAL DISPERSAL DEVICE; INDUCED CURRENT DENSITIES; COMPUTATIONAL PHANTOMS; ADULT; RESOLUTION; FIELDS; BODY AB The detonation of a radiological dispersion device or other radiological incidents could result in widespread releases of radioactive materials and intakes of radionuclides by affected individuals. Transportable radiation monitoring instruments could be used to measure radiation from gamma-emitting radionuclides in the body for triaging individuals and assigning priorities to their bioassay samples for in vitro assessments. The present study derived sets of calibration factors for four instruments: the Ludlum Model 44-2 gamma scintillator, a survey meter containing a 2.54 x 2.54-cm NaI(Tl) crystal; the Captus 3000 thyroid uptake probe, which contains a 5.08 x 5.08-cm NaI(Tl) crystal; the Transportable Portal Monitor Model TPM-903B, which contains two 3.81 x 7.62 x 182.9-cm polyvinyltoluene plastic scintillators; and a generic instrument, such as an ionization chamber, that measures exposure rates. The calibration factors enable these instruments to be used for assessing inhaled or ingested intakes of any of four radionuclides: Co-60, I-131, Cs-137, and Ir-192. The derivations used biokinetic models embodied in the DCAL computer software system developed by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNPX radiation transport code. The three physical instruments were represented by MCNP models that were developed previously. The affected individuals comprised children of five ages who were represented by the revised Oak Ridge National Laboratory pediatric phantoms, and adult men and adult women represented by the Adult Reference Computational Phantoms described in Publication 110 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. These calibration factors can be used to calculate intakes; the intakes can be converted to committed doses by the use of tabulated dose coefficients. These calibration factors also constitute input data to the ICAT computer program, an interactive Microsoft Windows-based software package that estimates intakes of radionuclides and cumulative and committed effective doses, based on measurements made with these instruments. This program constitutes a convenient tool for assessing intakes and doses without consulting tabulated calibration factors and dose coefficients. C1 [Anigstein, Robert; Loomis, Donald A.] S Cohen & Associates, 1608 Spring Hill Rd, Vienna, VA 2218 USA. [Olsher, Richard H.] HP Consulting LLC, 20 Grand Canyon Dr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Ansari, Armin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Radiat Studies Branch, EHHE, NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Anigstein, R (reprint author), S Cohen & Associates, 740 West End Ave,Apt 95A, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM anigstein@cs.com FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [GS-10F-0093K]; S. Cohen & Associates (SCA, Inc.); SciMetrika, LLC [200-2009-28540, 0008] FX This work was supported by Contract No. GS-10F-0093K from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with S. Cohen & Associates (SC&A, Inc.). Additional support was provided by SciMetrika, LLC, under Contract No. 200-2009-28540, Task Order 0008. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 111 IS 6 BP 542 EP 558 DI 10.1097/HP.0000000000000572 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA EB6JG UT WOS:000387488100004 PM 27798478 ER PT J AU Burris, S Hitchcock, L Ibrahim, J Penn, M Ramanathan, T AF Burris, Scott Hitchcock, Laura Ibrahim, Jennifer Penn, Matthew Ramanathan, Tara TI Policy Surveillance: A Vital Public Health Practice Comes of Age SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLITICS POLICY AND LAW LA English DT Article DE evidence-based policy; translation; public health law research; big data; transdisciplinary public health law; legal epidemiology ID UNITED-STATES; LAW; REQUIREMENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; REGULATIONS; PROVISIONS; TOBACCO AB Governments use statutes, regulations, and policies, often in innovative ways, to promote health and safety. Organizations outside government, from private schools to major corporations, create rules on matters as diverse as tobacco use and paid sick leave. Very little of this activity is systematically tracked. Even as the rest of the health system is working to build, share, and use a wide range of health and social data, legal information largely remains trapped in text files and pdfs, excluded from the universe of usable data. This article makes the case for the practice of policy surveillance to help end the anomalous treatment of law in public health research and practice. Policy surveillance is the systematic, scientific collection and analysis of laws of public health significance. It meets several important needs. Scientific collection and coding of important laws and policies creates data suitable for use in rigorous evaluation studies. Policy surveillance addresses the chronic lack of readily accessible, nonpartisan information about status and trends in health legislation and policy. It provides the opportunity to build policy capacity in the public health workforce. We trace its emergence over the past fifty years, show its value, and identify major challenges ahead. C1 [Burris, Scott] Temple Univ, Law & Publ Hlth, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Policy Surveillance Program, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Hitchcock, Laura] Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Legal Epidemiol & Policy Surveillance Program, Seattle, WA USA. [Ibrahim, Jennifer] Temple Univ, Dept Hlth Serv Adm & Policy, Coll Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Ibrahim, Jennifer] Temple Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Acad Affairs, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Ibrahim, Jennifer] Temple Univ, Off Publ Hlth Law Res, Natl Program Off Publ Hlth Law Res, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Penn, Matthew; Ramanathan, Tara] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burris, S (reprint author), Temple Univ, Law & Publ Hlth, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Policy Surveillance Program, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. FU Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC-RFA-OT13-1302] FX Work on this article was supported by grants from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and by Collaborating Agreement Number CDC-RFA-OT13-1302, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Opinions expressed here are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the funding agencies. Professor Burns is a founder at Legal Science, LLC, a company that provides MonQcle software and research services for policy surveillance. Legal Science has licensed the LawAtlas software system from Temple University. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 10 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 0361-6878 J9 J HEALTH POLIT POLIC JI J. Health Polit. Policy Law PD DEC PY 2016 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1173 DI 10.1215/03616878-3665931 PG 23 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, Legal; Social Issues; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Legal Medicine; Social Issues; Biomedical Social Sciences GA EB3WF UT WOS:000387298900008 ER PT J AU Morris, E Topete, P Rasberry, CN Lesesne, CA Kroupa, E Carver, L AF Morris, Elana Topete, Pablo Rasberry, Catherine N. Lesesne, Catherine A. Kroupa, Elizabeth Carver, Lisa TI School-Based HIV/STD Testing Behaviors and Motivations Among Black and Hispanic Teen MSM: Results From a Formative Evaluation SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HIV testing; STD testing; HIV prevention; adolescent health; school health; services; young men who have sex with men ID REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH-CARE; SEXUAL ORIENTATION; YOUNG MEN; RISK BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; HIV; ADOLESCENTS; YOUTH; DISCRIMINATION; INFECTION AB BACKGROUNDThis evaluation explores experiences with, and motivations for, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing among black and Hispanic school-aged young men who have sex with men (YMSM). METHODSParticipants were recruited at community-based organizations that serve YMSM in New York City, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. Eligible participants were 13- to 19-year-old black or Hispanic males who reported attraction to or sexual behavior with other males and/or identified as gay or bisexual, and attended at least 90 days of school in the previous 18 months. Participants (N = 415) completed web-based questionnaires and/or in-depth interviews (N = 32). RESULTSIn the past year, 72.0% of questionnaire participants had been tested for HIV, 13.5% of them at school or school clinic. Participants reported that they would be more likely to get an HIV test if they could be tested close to or at school (34.4%), and 64.4% would use HIV testing if offered in schools. Most interview participants reported willingness to use school-based services if they were offered nonjudgmentally, privately, and confidentially by providers with experience serving YMSM. CONCLUSIONSchools can provide opportunities to make HIV and STD testing accessible to school-aged YMSM, but the services must be provided in ways that are comfortable to them. C1 [Morris, Elana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-75, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Topete, Pablo; Lesesne, Catherine A.; Carver, Lisa] ICF Int, 3 Corp Sq,Suite 370, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Rasberry, Catherine N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-75, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Kroupa, Elizabeth] ICF Int, 710 Second Ave,Suite 550, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Morris, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-75, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM efm9@cdc.gov; Pablo.Topete@icfi.com; CRasberry@cdc.gov; Catherine.Lesesne@icfi.com; Elizabeth.Kroupa@icfi.com; Lisa.Carver@icfi.com OI Rasberry, Catherine/0000-0001-8256-6961 FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health [200-2009-30503] FX This formative evaluation was supported by contract 200-2009-30503 from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health as technical assistance to Advocates for Youth. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-4391 EI 1746-1561 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 86 IS 12 BP 888 EP 897 DI 10.1111/josh.12457 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EB6ON UT WOS:000387504200005 PM 27866390 ER PT J AU Routh, JC Cheng, EY Austin, JC Baum, MA Gargollo, PC Grady, RW Herron, AR Kim, SS King, SJ Koh, CJ Paramsothy, P Raman, L Schechter, MS Smith, KA Tanaka, ST Thibadeau, JK Walker, WO Wallis, MC Wiener, JS Joseph, DB AF Routh, Jonathan C. Cheng, Earl Y. Austin, J. Christopher Baum, Michelle A. Gargollo, Patricio C. Grady, Richard W. Herron, Adrienne R. Kim, Steven S. King, Shelly J. Koh, Chester J. Paramsothy, Pangaja Raman, Lisa Schechter, Michael S. Smith, Kathryn A. Tanaka, Stacy T. Thibadeau, Judy K. Walker, William O. Wallis, M. Chad Wiener, John S. Joseph, David B. TI Design and Methodological Considerations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Urologic and Renal Protocol for the Newborn and Young Child with Spina Bifida SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE pediatrics; spinal dysraphism; urinary bladder; neurogenic; urology ID CLEAN INTERMITTENT CATHETERIZATION; VESICOURETERAL REFLUX; PATIENT REGISTRY; BLADDER CAPACITY; CYSTATIN C; PROPHYLAXIS; MANAGEMENT; SCAMPS; MYELODYSPLASIA; OUTCOMES AB Purpose: Care of children with spina bifida has significantly advanced in the last half century, resulting in gains in longevity and quality of life for affected children and caregivers. Bladder dysfunction is the norm in patients with spina bifida and may result in infection, renal scarring and chronic kidney disease. However, the optimal urological management for spina bifida related bladder dysfunction is unknown. Materials and Methods: In 2012 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a working group composed of pediatric urologists, nephrologists, epidemiologists, methodologists, community advocates and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention personnel to develop a protocol to optimize urological care of children with spina bifida from the newborn period through age 5 years. Results: An iterative quality improvement protocol was selected. In this model participating institutions agree to prospectively treat all newborns with spina bifida using a single consensus based protocol. During the 5-year study period outcomes will be routinely assessed and the protocol adjusted as needed to optimize patient and process outcomes. Primary study outcomes include urinary tract infections, renal scarring, renal function and bladder characteristics. The protocol specifies the timing and use of testing (eg ultrasonography, urodynamics) and interventions (eg intermittent catheterization, prophylactic antibiotics, antimuscarinic medications). Starting in 2014 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began funding 9 study sites to implement and evaluate the protocol. Conclusions: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Urologic and Renal Protocol for the Newborn and Young Child with Spina Bifida began accruing patients in 2015. Assessment in the first 5 years will focus on urinary tract infections, renal function, renal scarring and clinical process improvements. C1 [Routh, Jonathan C.; Wiener, John S.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Urol, Durham, NC USA. [Cheng, Earl Y.] Lurie Childrens Hosp Chicago, Div Urol, Chicago, IL USA. [Austin, J. Christopher] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Urol, Portland, OR USA. [Baum, Michelle A.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA USA. [Gargollo, Patricio C.] Mayo Clin, Dept Urol, Rochester, MN USA. [Grady, Richard W.] Seattle Childrens Hosp, Dept Urol, Seattle, WA USA. [Walker, William O.] Seattle Childrens Hosp, Div Dev Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Herron, Adrienne R.; Paramsothy, Pangaja; Thibadeau, Judy K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kim, Steven S.] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Div Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [Smith, Kathryn A.] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Div Gen Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [King, Shelly J.] Riley Hosp Children, Dept Urol, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Koh, Chester J.] Baylor Coll Med, Texas Childrens Hosp, Div Urol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Raman, Lisa] Spina Bifida Assoc, Arlington, VA USA. [Schechter, Michael S.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Childrens Hosp Richmond, Div Pediat Pulm Med, Richmond, VA USA. [Tanaka, Stacy T.] Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hosp Vanderbilt, Div Pediat Urol, Nashville, TN USA. [Wallis, M. Chad] Primary Childrens Med Ctr, Div Urol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Joseph, David B.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Urol, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Routh, JC (reprint author), DUMC 3831, Div Urol, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM jonathan.routh@duke.edu OI Herron, Adrienne R./0000-0002-5793-7801 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U01-DD001087] FX This project is supported by collaborative agreements with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U01-DD001087). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. No other funding source supports this project. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 EI 1527-3792 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 196 IS 6 BP 1728 EP 1734 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2016.07.081 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA EB5QS UT WOS:000387436000064 PM 27475969 ER PT J AU Liu, BM Yu, MD Graubard, BI Troiano, RP Schenker, N AF Liu, Benmei Yu, Mandi Graubard, Barry I. Troiano, Richard P. Schenker, Nathaniel TI Multiple imputation of completely missing repeated measures data within person from a complex sample: application to accelerometer data in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE accelerometer data; missing; primary sampling units; multiple imputation; alternative conditional expectation models ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; METABOLIC SYNDROME; REGRESSION-MODELS; STEPPING CADENCE; 2005-2006 NHANES; UNITED-STATES; TRANSFORMATIONS; STEPS/DAY; PATTERNS; ADULTS AB The Physical Activity Monitor component was introduced into the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to collect objective information on physical activity including both movement intensity counts and ambulatory steps. Because of an error in the accelerometer device initialization process, the steps data were missing for all participants in several primary sampling units, typically a single county or group of contiguous counties, who had intensity count data from their accelerometers. To avoid potential bias and loss in efficiency in estimation and inference involving the steps data, we considered methods to accurately impute the missing values for steps collected in the 2003-2004 NHANES. The objective was to come up with an efficient imputation method that minimized model-based assumptions. We adopted a multiple imputation approach based on additive regression, bootstrapping and predictive mean matching methods. This method fits alternative conditional expectation (ace) models, which use an automated procedure to estimate optimal transformations for both the predictor and response variables. This paper describes the approaches used in this imputation and evaluates the methods by comparing the distributions of the original and the imputed data. A simulation study using the observed data is also conducted as part of the model diagnostics. Finally, some real data analyses are performed to compare the before and after imputation results. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Liu, Benmei; Yu, Mandi; Troiano, Richard P.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Graubard, Barry I.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. [Schenker, Nathaniel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Liu, BM (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM liub2@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 CA999999] NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0277-6715 EI 1097-0258 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 35 IS 28 BP 5170 EP 5188 DI 10.1002/sim.7049 PG 19 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA EB4PR UT WOS:000387355100004 PM 27488606 ER PT J AU Vagi, KJ Brookmeyer, KA Gladden, RM Chiang, LF Brooks, A Nyunt, MZ Kwesigabo, G Mercy, JA Dahlberg, LL AF Vagi, Kevin J. Brookmeyer, Kathryn A. Gladden, R. Matthew Chiang, Laura F. Brooks, Andrew Nyunt, Myo-Zin Kwesigabo, Gideon Mercy, James A. Dahlberg, Linda L. TI Sexual Violence Against Female and Male Children in the United Republic of Tanzania SO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LA English DT Article DE sexual violence; Tanzania; international; violence against children; health consequences ID INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; DATING VIOLENCE; RISK BEHAVIORS; SOUTH-AFRICA; ABUSE; PREVALENCE; STUDENTS; PROGRAM; TRIAL; YOUTH AB During a household survey in Tanzania, a nationally representative sample of females and males aged 13-24 years reported any experiences of sexual violence that occurred before the age of 18 years. The authors explore the prevalence, circumstances, and health outcomes associated with childhood sexual violence. The results suggest that violence against children in Tanzania is pervasive, with roughly three in 10 females and one in eight males experiencing some form of childhood sexual violence, and its health consequences are severe. Results are being used by the Tanzanian government to implement a National Plan of Action. C1 [Vagi, Kevin J.; Brookmeyer, Kathryn A.; Gladden, R. Matthew; Chiang, Laura F.; Mercy, James A.; Dahlberg, Linda L.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brooks, Andrew] UNICEF Afrique Ouest & Ctr West & Cent Africa Reg, Dakar, Senegal. [Nyunt, Myo-Zin] United Nations Childrens Fund, Viangchan, Laos. [Kwesigabo, Gideon] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Kwesigabo, Gideon] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Vagi, KJ (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-F63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kvagi@cdc.gov FU U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; UNICEF FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention contributed funding indirectly by covering the travel cost and salaries of its staff. UNICEF provided funding for the data collection portion of this project. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-8012 EI 1552-8448 J9 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM JI Violence Against Women PD DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 14 BP 1788 EP 1807 DI 10.1177/1077801216634466 PG 20 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA EB1QG UT WOS:000387128500007 ER PT J AU Latzman, RD Shishido, Y Latzman, NE Clark, LA AF Latzman, Robert D. Shishido, Yuri Latzman, Natasha E. Clark, Lee Anna TI Anxious and Depressive Symptomatology Among Male Youth: The Joint and Interactive Contribution of Temperament and Executive Functioning SO CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Anxiety; Depression; Youth; Tripartite model; Temperament; Executive functioning ID CROSS-INFORMANT CORRELATIONS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; EFFORTFUL CONTROL; TRIPARTITE MODEL; SELF-REGULATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL MEASURES; ADAPTIVE PERSONALITY; NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY; COGNITIVE CONTROL; POSITIVE AFFECT AB Few studies have investigated the combined effects of temperament and executive functioning (EF) on anxious and depressive symptomatology in youth. The current study is the first to investigate the joint and interactive contribution of mother- and youth self-reported affective dimensions of temperament and EF to the explanation of anxious and depressive symptomatology. Participants included 174 adolescent males (M (age) = 13.6 +/- 1.35). Results confirmed the joint and interactive contribution of temperament in the explanation of anxious and depressive symptomatology. Further, EF contributed to the explanation of anxious/depressive symptomatology via interaction with youth-, but not mother-reported, temperament; it was not a unique predictor. Results support the need to consider both affective dimensions of temperament and EF in etiological models of anxious and depressive symptomatology, which has implications for identifying at-risk youth and developing early intervention and targeted problem-specific prevention programs. C1 [Latzman, Robert D.; Shishido, Yuri] Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, POB 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Latzman, Natasha E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Clark, Lee Anna] Notre Dame Univ, Dept Psychol, Notre Dame, IN USA. [Latzman, Natasha E.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Latzman, RD (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, POB 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM rlatzman@gsu.edu NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-398X EI 1573-3327 J9 CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D JI Child Psychiat. Hum. Dev. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 47 IS 6 BP 925 EP 937 DI 10.1007/s10578-016-0623-x PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA EA4DI UT WOS:000386558500008 PM 26754748 ER PT J AU Benoit, SR Gregg, EW Zhou, WG Painter, JA AF Benoit, Stephen R. Gregg, Edward W. Zhou, Weigong Painter, John A. TI Diabetes Among United States-Bound Adult Refugees, 2009-2014 SO JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Diabetes; Prevalence; Refugees; Chronic disease ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES; IRAQI REFUGEES; TUBERCULOSIS; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; MELLITUS; IMMIGRANTS; OBESITY; BURDEN AB We reported diabetes prevalence among all US-bound adult refugees and assessed factors associated with disease. We analyzed overseas medical evaluations of US-bound refugees from 2009 through 2014 by using CDC's Electronic Disease Notification System. We identified refugees with diabetes by searching for diabetes-related keywords and medications in examination forms with text-parsing techniques. Age-adjusted prevalence rates were reported and factors associated with diabetes were assessed by using logistic regression. Of 248,850 refugees aged aeyen18 years examined over 5 years, 5767 (2.3 %) had diabetes. Iraqis had the highest crude (5.1 %) and age-adjusted (8.9 %) prevalence of disease. Higher age group and body mass index were associated with diabetes in all regions. Diabetes prevalence varied by refugee nationality. Although the absolute rates were lower than rates in the United States, the prevalence is still concerning given the younger age of the population and their need for health services upon resettlement. C1 [Benoit, Stephen R.; Zhou, Weigong; Painter, John A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immigrant Refugee & Migrant Hlth Branch, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-03, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Gregg, Edward W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Benoit, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immigrant Refugee & Migrant Hlth Branch, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-03, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM bvy8@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1912 EI 1557-1920 J9 J IMMIGR MINOR HEALT JI J. Immigr. Minor. Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1357 EP 1364 DI 10.1007/s10903-016-0381-7 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EA3JY UT WOS:000386499600013 PM 26976006 ER PT J AU Aholou, TM Cooks, E Murray, A Sutton, MY Gaul, Z Gaskins, S Payne-Foster, P AF Aholou, Tiffiany M. Cooks, Eric Murray, Ashley Sutton, Madeline Y. Gaul, Zaneta Gaskins, Susan Payne-Foster, Pamela TI "Wake Up! HIV is at Your Door": African American Faith Leaders in the Rural South and HIV Perceptions: A Qualitative Analysis SO JOURNAL OF RELIGION & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Black Church; African Americans; HIV; Stigma; Rural south ID HIV/AIDS PREVENTION; UNITED-STATES; STIGMA; CHURCHES; SPIRITUALITY; COMMUNITIES; HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; EXPERIENCES; INFECTION AB In Alabama, 70 % of new HIV cases are among African Americans. Because the Black Church plays an important role for many African Americans in the south, we conducted qualitative interviews with 10 African American pastors recruited for an HIV intervention study in rural Alabama. Two main themes emerged: (1) HIV stigma is prevalent and (2) the role of the Black Church in addressing HIV in the African American community. Our data suggest that pastors in rural Alabama are willing to be engaged in HIV prevention solutions; more formalized training is needed to decrease stigma, strengthen HIV prevention and support persons living with HIV/AIDS. C1 [Aholou, Tiffiany M.; Murray, Ashley; Sutton, Madeline Y.; Gaul, Zaneta] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Cooks, Eric; Gaskins, Susan; Payne-Foster, Pamela] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Gaul, Zaneta] ICF Int, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aholou, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM taholou@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [PS11-003, 5U01PS003320] FX This study was funded in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Program Announcement PS11-003; 5U01PS003320. We thank all of the ministerial liaisons and pastors who participated in this study. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4197 EI 1573-6571 J9 J RELIG HEALTH JI J. Relig. Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1968 EP 1979 DI 10.1007/s10943-016-0193-z PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Religion SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Religion GA DX6YU UT WOS:000384532800012 PM 26883229 ER PT J AU Cunningham, TJ Wheaton, AG Ford, ES Croft, JB AF Cunningham, Timothy J. Wheaton, Anne G. Ford, Earl S. Croft, Janet B. TI Racial/ethnic disparities in self-reported short sleep duration among US-born and foreign-born adults SO ETHNICITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Sleep; nativity; immigration; race; ethnicity; stress ID RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; HEALTH; RACE/ETHNICITY; SEGREGATION; OCCUPATION; IMMIGRANTS; SAMPLE; RISK AB Objective. Racial/ethnic health disparities are infrequently considered by nativity status in the United States, although the immigrant population has practically doubled since 1990. We investigated the modifying role of nativity status (US- vs. foreign-born) on racial/ethnic disparities in short sleep duration (<7 h), which has serious health consequences.Design. Cross-sectional data from 23,505 US-born and 4,326 foreign-born adults aged 18 years from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey and multivariable log-linear regression were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) for reporting short sleep duration and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results. After controlling for sociodemographic covariates, short sleep was more prevalent among blacks (PR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.21-1.37), Hispanics (PR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.29), and Asians (PR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.16-1.61) than whites among US-born adults. Short sleep was more prevalent among blacks (PR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.38, 2.13) and Asians (PR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.47) than whites among the foreign-born.Conclusion. Among both US- and foreign-born adults, blacks and Asians had a higher likelihood of short sleep compared to whites. US-born Hispanics, but not foreign-born Hispanics, had a higher likelihood than their white counterparts. Future research should aim to uncover mechanisms underlying these disparities. C1 [Cunningham, Timothy J.; Wheaton, Anne G.; Ford, Earl S.; Croft, Janet B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F78, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cunningham, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Populat Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F78, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tsc2@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-7858 EI 1465-3419 J9 ETHNIC HEALTH JI Ethn. Health PD DEC PY 2016 VL 21 IS 6 BP 628 EP 638 DI 10.1080/13557858.2016.1179724 PG 11 WC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DW9XH UT WOS:000384015600008 PM 27150351 ER PT J AU Singh, T Kennedy, SM Sharapova, SS Schauer, GL Rolle, IV AF Singh, Tushar Kennedy, Sara M. Sharapova, Saida S. Schauer, Gillian L. Rolle, Italia V. TI Modes of ever marijuana use among adult tobacco users and non-tobacco users-Styles 2014 SO JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE LA English DT Article DE Marijuana; mode of use; tobacco ID CO-USE; YOUNG-ADULTS; CANNABIS USE; DRUG-USE; ADOLESCENTS; SMOKING; DEPENDENCE; PATTERNS; YOUTH; CIGAR AB Background: Tobacco and marijuana use are related behaviors; therefore, it is important to identify how users consume marijuana, and how it varies with tobacco use status. We estimated the modes of ever marijuana use among current, former, and never adult tobacco users. Methods: Weighted data were analyzed for 4181 adults from 2014 Styles, an online consumer panel survey of US adults, to estimate proportions for modes of ever marijuana use. Differences in modes of ever marijuana use between categories of tobacco use status were assessed (p-value <0.05). Results: More than half of current (56.6%) and former tobacco users (50.9%) had ever used marijuana, whereas only 13.0% of never tobacco users had ever used marijuana. Among ever marijuana users, joint use was the most common mode of use among current (86.4%), former (92.5%), and never (79.8%) tobacco users. Similarly, other modes of marijuana use were significantly higher in current and former tobacco users compared to never tobacco users. Conclusions: Prevalence of all modes of ever marijuana use was higher in current and former tobacco users. These findings underscore the importance of considering the relationship between marijuana and tobacco use when developing programs and policies aimed at preventing and reducing marijuana use. C1 [Singh, Tushar; Sharapova, Saida S.; Rolle, Italia V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Singh, Tushar] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kennedy, Sara M.] RTI Int, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schauer, Gillian L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Carter Consulting Inc, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Singh, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM TSingh@cdc.gov FU CDC contract [200-2008-27958-0044] FX Sara Kennedy was supported by CDC contract # 200-2008-27958-0044. The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of authors and do not necessarily represent the official positions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or RTI International. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1465-9891 EI 1475-9942 J9 J SUBST USE JI J. Subst. Use PD DEC PY 2016 VL 21 IS 6 BP 631 EP 635 DI 10.3109/14659891.2015.1122100 PG 5 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA DW4VD UT WOS:000383640200012 PM 27840591 ER PT J AU Benedict, K Derado, G Mody, RK AF Benedict, Kaitlin Derado, Gordana Mody, Rajal K. TI Histoplasmosis-Associated Hospitalizations in the United States, 2001-2012 SO OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE histoplasmosis; Histoplasma; hospitalization; United States ID ENDEMIC FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; DISEASES; THERAPY AB We examined trends in histoplasmosis-associated hospitalizations in the United States using the 2001-2012 National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample. An estimated 50 778 hospitalizations occurred, with significant increases in hospitalizations overall and in the proportion of hospitalizations associated with transplant, diabetes, and autoimmune conditions often treated with biologic therapies; therefore, histoplasmosis remains an important opportunistic infection. C1 [Benedict, Kaitlin; Mody, Rajal K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Derado, Gordana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Off, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Mody, RK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM crz5@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2328-8957 J9 OPEN FORUM INFECT DI JI Open Forum Infect. Dis. PD WIN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 DI 10.1093/ofid/ofv219 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DJ4QB UT WOS:000374190900039 ER PT J AU Hunter, JC Mu, Y Dumyati, GK Farley, MM Winston, LG Johnston, HL Meek, JI Perlmutter, R Holzbauer, SM Beldavs, ZG Phipps, EC Dunn, JR Cohen, JA Avillan, J Stone, ND Gerding, DN McDonald, LC Lessa, FC AF Hunter, Jennifer C. Mu, Yi Dumyati, Ghinwa K. Farley, Monica M. Winston, Lisa G. Johnston, Helen L. Meek, James I. Perlmutter, Rebecca Holzbauer, Stacy M. Beldavs, Zintars G. Phipps, Erin C. Dunn, John R. Cohen, Jessica A. Avillan, Johannetsy Stone, Nimalie D. Gerding, Dale N. McDonald, L. Clifford Lessa, Fernanda C. TI Burden of Nursing Home-Onset Clostridium difficile Infection in the United States: Estimates of Incidence and Patient Outcomes SO OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Clostridium difficile; long-term care facility; nursing home ID TERM-CARE FACILITIES; RISK-FACTORS; POINT-PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; METAANALYSIS; PREVENTION; DISEASE AB Background. Approximately 4 million Americans receive nursing home (NH) care annually. Nursing home residents commonly have risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), including advanced age and antibiotic exposures. We estimated national incidence of NH-onset (NHO) CDI and patient outcomes. Methods. We identified NHO-CDI cases from population-based surveillance of 10 geographic areas in the United States. Cases were defined by C difficile-positive stool collected in an NH (or from NH residents in outpatient settings or <= 3 days after hospital admission) without a positive stool in the prior 8 weeks. Medical records were reviewed on a sample of cases. Incidence was estimated using regression models accounting for age and laboratory testing method; sampling weights were applied to estimate hospitalizations, recurrences, and deaths. Results. A total of 3503 NHO-CDI cases were identified. Among 262 sampled cases, median age was 82 years, 76% received antibiotics in the 12 weeks prior to the C difficile-positive specimen, and 57% were discharged from a hospital in the month before specimen collection. After adjusting for age and testing method, the 2012 national estimate for NHO-CDI incidence was 112 800 cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 93 400-131 800); 31 400 (28%) were hospitalized within 7 days after a positive specimen (95% CI, 25 500-37 300), 20 900 (19%) recurred within 14-60 days (95% CI, 14 600-27 100), and 8700 (8%) died within 30 days (95% CI, 6600-10 700). Conclusions. Nursing home onset CDI is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Strategies focused on infection prevention in NHs and appropriate antibiotic use in both NHs and acute care settings may decrease the burden of NHO CDI. C1 [Hunter, Jennifer C.; Mu, Yi; Cohen, Jessica A.; Avillan, Johannetsy; Stone, Nimalie D.; McDonald, L. Clifford; Lessa, Fernanda C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hunter, Jennifer C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Educ & Profess Dev, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dumyati, Ghinwa K.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Winston, Lisa G.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Johnston, Helen L.] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Meek, James I.] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Perlmutter, Rebecca] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Holzbauer, Stacy M.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Holzbauer, Stacy M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div State & Local Readiness, Off Publ Hlth Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA USA. [Beldavs, Zintars G.] Oregon Hlth Author, Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Phipps, Erin C.] Univ New Mexico, New Mexico Emerging Infect Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dunn, John R.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Cohen, Jessica A.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gerding, Dale N.] Loyola Univ Chicago, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Med, Maywood, IL USA. [Gerding, Dale N.] Edward Hines Jr Vet Affairs Hosp, Hines, IL USA. RP Hunter, JC (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jhunter@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 38 U2 68 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2328-8957 J9 OPEN FORUM INFECT DI JI Open Forum Infect. Dis. PD WIN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 DI 10.1093/ofid/ofv196 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DJ4QB UT WOS:000374190900017 ER PT J AU Juarez-Reyes, M Gallivan, M Chyorny, A O'Keeffe, L Shah, NS AF Juarez-Reyes, Maria Gallivan, Mark Chyorny, Alexander O'Keeffe, Linda Shah, Neha S. TI Completion Rate and Side-Effect Profile of Three-Month Isoniazid and Rifapentine Treatment for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in an Urban County Jail SO OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE correctional healthcare; prevention; tuberculosis ID UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; TB AB In an urban jail population, 3 months of isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) was associated with an 85% latent tuberculosis infection treatment completion rate compared with 18% in a standard 9 -month isoniazid treatment group. Among the 91 patients who started 3HP therapy, there were 2 treatment discontinuations from adverse drug reactions. C1 [Juarez-Reyes, Maria] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, 3250 Alpine Rd, Portola Valley, CA 94028 USA. [Gallivan, Mark; Shah, Neha S.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. [Chyorny, Alexander; O'Keeffe, Linda] Santa Clara Valley Med Ctr, Custody Hlth Serv, San Jose, CA 95128 USA. [Shah, Neha S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Juarez-Reyes, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, 3250 Alpine Rd, Portola Valley, CA 94028 USA. EM mjuarezreyes@stanford.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2328-8957 J9 OPEN FORUM INFECT DI JI Open Forum Infect. Dis. PD WIN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 DI 10.1093/ofid/ofv220 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DJ4QB UT WOS:000374190900040 ER PT J AU Medus, C Besser, JM Juni, BA Koziol, B Lappi, V Smith, KE Hedberg, CW AF Medus, Carlota Besser, John M. Juni, Billie A. Koziol, Bonnie Lappi, Victoria Smith, Kirk E. Hedberg, Craig W. TI Long-Term Sentinel Surveillance for Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (i)n Minnesota SO OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; pathogenic Escherichia coli; Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli ID TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; DIAGNOSTIC PRACTICES; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; PATHOGENS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ILLNESS; O157; USA AB Background. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are not detected by conventional culture methods. The prevalence of ETEC infections in the United States is unknown, and recognized cases are primarily associated with foreign travel. Gaps remain in our understanding of STEC epidemiology. Methods. Two sentinel surveillance sites were enrolled: an urban health maintenance organization laboratory (Laboratory A) and a rural hospital laboratory (Laboratory B). Residual sorbitol MacConkey (SMAC) plates from stool cultures performed at Laboratory A (1996-2006) and Laboratory B (2000-2008) were collected. Colony sweeps from SMAC plates were tested for genes encoding STEC toxins stx1 and stx2 (1996-2008) and ETEC heat-labile and heat-stable toxins eltB, estA 1, 2 and 3 (2000-2008) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays. Results. In Laboratory A, a bacterial pathogen was identified in 7.0% of 21 970 specimens. During 1996-2006, Campylobacter was the most common bacterial pathogen (2.7% of cultures), followed by Salmonella (1.2%), Shigella (1.0%), and STEC (0.9%). Among STEC (n = 196), O157 was the most common serogroup (31%). During 2000-2006, ETEC (1.9%) was the second most common bacterial pathogen after Campylobacter (2.6%). In Laboratory B, of 19 293 specimens tested, a bacterial pathogen was identified for 5.5%, including Campylobacter (2.1%), STEC (1.3%), Salmonella (1.0%), and ETEC (0.8%). Among STEC (n = 253), O157 was the leading serogroup (35%). Among ETEC cases, 61% traveled internationally. Conclusions. Enterotoxigenic E. coli and STEC infections were as common as most other enteric bacterial pathogens, and ETEC may be detected more frequently by culture-independent multiplex PCR diagnostic methods. A high proportion of ETEC cases were domestically acquired. C1 [Medus, Carlota; Smith, Kirk E.; Hedberg, Craig W.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Foodborne Waterborne Vectorborne & Zoonot Dis Sec, 625 Robert St N,POB 64975, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. [Besser, John M.; Juni, Billie A.; Koziol, Bonnie; Lappi, Victoria] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. [Hedberg, Craig W.] Univ Minnesota, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Besser, John M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Medus, C (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Foodborne Waterborne Vectorborne & Zoonot Dis Sec, 625 Robert St N,POB 64975, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. EM carlota.medus@state.mn.us NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 29 U2 48 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2328-8957 J9 OPEN FORUM INFECT DI JI Open Forum Infect. Dis. PD WIN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 DI 10.1093/ofid/ofw003 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DJ4QB UT WOS:000374190900044 ER PT J AU Rolfes, MA Yousey-Hindes, KM Meek, JI Fry, AM Chaves, SS AF Rolfes, Melissa A. Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly M. Meek, James I. Fry, Alicia M. Chaves, Sandra S. TI Respiratory Viral Testing and Influenza Antiviral Prescriptions During Hospitalization for Acute Respiratory Illnesses SO OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE influenza; influenza antivirals; respiratory virus testing; acute respiratory illness hospitalizations ID CHILDREN; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; INFECTION; ADULTS AB We examined respiratory viral testing and influenza antiviral prescriptions at a US tertiary care hospital. During the 201011 to 2012-13 influenza seasons, antiviral prescriptions among acute respiratory illness (ARI) hospitalizations were associated with viral testing (rate ratio = 15.0), and empiric prescriptions were rare (<1% of ARI hospitalizations). C1 [Rolfes, Melissa A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rolfes, Melissa A.; Fry, Alicia M.; Chaves, Sandra S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly M.; Meek, James I.] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. RP Rolfes, MA (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ydi8@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2328-8957 J9 OPEN FORUM INFECT DI JI Open Forum Infect. Dis. PD WIN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 DI 10.1093/ofid/ofv216 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DJ4QB UT WOS:000374190900036 ER PT J AU Wesolowski, LG Nasrullah, M Coombs, RW Rosenberg, E Ethridge, SF Hutchinson, AB Dragavon, J Rychert, J Nolte, FS Madory, JE Werner, BG AF Wesolowski, Laura G. Nasrullah, Muazzam Coombs, Robert W. Rosenberg, Eric Ethridge, Steven F. Hutchinson, Angela B. Dragavon, Joan Rychert, Jennifer Nolte, Frederick S. Madory, James E. Werner, Barbara G. TI Acute Infections, Cost per Infection and Turnaround Time in Three United States Hospital Laboratories Using Fourth-Generation Antigen-Antibody Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immunoassays SO OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE acute infection; cost; HIV; laboratory ID HIV-1 INFECTION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RAPID TEST; TRANSMISSION; PERFORMANCE; ASSAY; INDIVIDUALS; ALGORITHMS; PLASMA; TYPE-1 AB Background. To improve clinical and public health outcomes through early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) detection, fourth-generation antigen/antibody immunoassay (4IA) and supplemental testing results must be returned rapidly. Methods. We examined HIV testing data at Harborview Medical Center (HMC), Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), and the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), which used 4IA and supplemental antibody and nucleic acid tests (NATs). At MGH and MUSC, HIV-1 Western blot (WB) and HIV-2 testing were conducted at a reference laboratory. We compared time from specimen collection to laboratory result for established (positive WB) and acute infections (reactive 4IA, negative/indeterminate WB, detectable NAT), and we calculated testing cost per positive-test result. Results. From 3731 (MUSC) to 19 774 (MGH) tests were conducted; 0.01% (MGH) to 0.05% (HMC) were acute infections. Each laboratory had reactive 4IA, WB-negative, or indeterminate specimens without NAT (ie, potential acute infections). Time to result was 1.5 (HMC) to 5.2 days (MGH) for acute and 1.0 (HMC) to 5.2 days (MGH) for established infections. Costs were $1054 (MGH) to $1521 (MUSC). Conclusions. Conducting supplemental testing in-house lowered turnaround times, which may be further reduced with rapid HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation tests. Hospitals may benefit from quantitative NATs not requiring physician orders, so all potential acute infections receive NAT. C1 [Wesolowski, Laura G.; Nasrullah, Muazzam; Ethridge, Steven F.; Hutchinson, Angela B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Coombs, Robert W.; Dragavon, Joan] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, 325 9Th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Coombs, Robert W.] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Rosenberg, Eric] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Rosenberg, Eric; Rychert, Jennifer] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Nolte, Frederick S.; Madory, James E.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Charleston, SC USA. [Werner, Barbara G.] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. [Rychert, Jennifer] ARUP Inst Clin & Expt Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Wesolowski, LG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lig7@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 36 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2328-8957 J9 OPEN FORUM INFECT DI JI Open Forum Infect. Dis. PD WIN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 DI 10.1093/ofid/ofv188 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DJ4QB UT WOS:000374190900010 ER PT J AU Cong, Y Dyall, J Hart, BJ DeWald, LE Johnson, JC Postnikova, E Zhou, H Gross, R Rojas, O Alexander, I Josleyn, N Zhang, T Michelotti, J Janosko, K Glass, PJ Flint, M McMullan, LK Spiropoulou, CF Mierzwa, T Guha, R Shinn, P Michael, S Klumpp-Thomas, C McKnight, C Thomas, C Eakin, AE O'Loughlin, KG Green, CE Catz, P Mirsalis, JC Honko, AN Olinger, GG Bennett, RS Holbrook, MR Hensley, LE Jahrling, PB AF Cong, Yu Dyall, Julie Hart, Brit J. DeWald, Lisa Evans Johnson, Joshua C. Postnikova, Elena Zhou, Huanying Gross, Robin Rojas, Oscar Alexander, Isis Josleyn, Nicole Zhang, Tengfei Michelotti, Julia Janosko, Krisztina Glass, Pamela J. Flint, Mike McMullan, Laura K. Spiropoulou, Christina F. Mierzwa, Tim Guha, Rajarshi Shinn, Paul Michael, Sam Klumpp-Thomas, Carleen McKnight, Crystal Thomas, Craig Eakin, Ann E. O'Loughlin, Kathleen G. Green, Carol E. Catz, Paul Mirsalis, Jon C. Honko, Anna N. Olinger, Gene G., Jr. Bennett, Richard S. Holbrook, Michael R. Hensley, Lisa E. Jahrling, Peter B. TI Evaluation of the Activity of Lamivudine and Zidovudine against Ebola Virus SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; CELL-LINES; MACROPHAGES; 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE; GLYCOPROTEINS; PATHOGENESIS; PREVENTION; DIAGNOSIS; SYNERGY; ENTRY AB In the fall of 2014, an international news agency reported that patients suffering from Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Liberia were treated successfully with lamivudine, an antiviral drug used to treat human immunodeficiency virus-1 and hepatitis B virus infections. According to the report, 13 out of 15 patients treated with lamivudine survived and were declared free from Ebola virus disease. In this study, the anti-Ebola virus (EBOV) activity of lamivudine and another antiretroviral, zidovudine, were evaluated in a diverse set of cell lines against two variants of wild-type EBOV. Variable assay parameters were assessed to include different multiplicities of infection, lengths of inoculation times, and durations of dosing. At a multiplicity of infection of 1, lamivudine and zidovudine had no effect on EBOV propagation in Vero E6, Hep G2, or HeLa cells, or in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. At a multiplicity of infection of 0.1, zidovudine demonstrated limited anti-EBOV activity in Huh 7 cells. Under certain conditions, lamivudine had low anti-EBOV activity at the maximum concentration tested (320 mu M). However, lamivudine never achieved greater than 30% viral inhibition, and the activity was not consistently reproducible. Combination of lamivudine and zidovudine showed no synergistic antiviral activity. Independently, a set of in vitro experiments testing lamivudine and zidovudine for antiviral activity against an Ebolaen-hanced green fluorescent protein reporter virus was performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. No antiviral activity was observed for either compound. A study evaluating the efficacy of lamivudine in a guinea pig model of EVD found no survival benefit. This lack of benefit was observed despite plasma lamivudine concentrations in guinea pig of about 4 mu g/ml obtained in a separately conducted pharmacokinetics study. These studies found no evidence to support the therapeutic use of lamivudine for the treatment of EVD. C1 [Cong, Yu; Dyall, Julie; Hart, Brit J.; DeWald, Lisa Evans; Johnson, Joshua C.; Postnikova, Elena; Zhou, Huanying; Gross, Robin; Rojas, Oscar; Alexander, Isis; Josleyn, Nicole; Zhang, Tengfei; Michelotti, Julia; Janosko, Krisztina; Honko, Anna N.; Olinger, Gene G., Jr.; Bennett, Richard S.; Holbrook, Michael R.; Hensley, Lisa E.; Jahrling, Peter B.] NIAID, Div Clin Res, Integrated Res Facil, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Josleyn, Nicole; Glass, Pamela J.] US Army, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. [Flint, Mike; McMullan, Laura K.; Spiropoulou, Christina F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mierzwa, Tim; Guha, Rajarshi; Shinn, Paul; Michael, Sam; Klumpp-Thomas, Carleen; McKnight, Crystal; Thomas, Craig] NIH, Natl Ctr Adv Translat Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Eakin, Ann E.] NIAID, Off Biodef Res Resources & Translat Res, Div Microbiol & Infect Dis, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [O'Loughlin, Kathleen G.; Green, Carol E.; Catz, Paul; Mirsalis, Jon C.] SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jahrling, Peter B.] NIAID, Emerging Viral Pathogens Sect, NIH, Frederick, MD USA. [Hart, Brit J.] Assoc Publ Hlth Abstract Labs, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Zhang, Tengfei] Thermo Fisher Sci Inc, Frederick, MD USA. RP Dyall, J (reprint author), NIAID, Div Clin Res, Integrated Res Facil, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM dyallj@niaid.nih.gov OI Honko, Anna/0000-0001-9165-148X; Bennett, Richard/0000-0002-7227-4831 FU SRI International FX SRI International provided support in the form of salaries for authors [KGO, PC, CEG, JCM], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section.; We thank IRF Cell Culture staff in preparing the cells used in this study. We appreciate the strong support from Will Sheffield from NCI-Frederick research donor program and Linda Coe (IRF) in obtaining fresh human blood from NIH blood bank (Bethesda, MD, USA). We thank Dr. Gary Kobinger (Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, CA) for the Makona variant of EBOV (GenBank accession no. KP096420). We thank Dr. Thomas Geisbert (University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA) for the Hartley guinea pig adapted variant of EBOV. We thank Dr. Atsunobu Hiraoka (SCGF Research Laboratory, Kyoto, JP) for the kind gift of conditioned medium from KPB-M15 cells. We thank Dr. Hideki Ebihara (NIAID, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT) for Huh 7 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cells. We thank Dr. William Eugene Dowling (Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, NIH) for providing resources for the pharmacokinetic study. We thank Linh Nguyen and Julie Nop for expert technical assistance in the conduct of the pharmacokinetics study. In addition, we acknowledge Laura Bollinger and Jiro Wada at the IRF for technical writing services and figure preparation, respectively, for this manuscript. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 30 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0166318 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0166318 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE3FV UT WOS:000389474100019 PM 27902714 ER PT J AU Logan, J Bohnert, A Spies, E Jannausch, M AF Logan, Joseph Bohnert, Amy Spies, Erica Jannausch, Mary TI Suicidal ideation among young Afghanistan/Iraq War Veterans and civilians: Individual, social, and environmental risk factors and perception of unmet mental healthcare needs, United States, 2013 SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Suicide; Veterans; Socio-ecological model; Health care needs; Surveillance ID SERVICEMEMBERS ARMY STARRS; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; US ARMY; ACTIVE-DUTY; MILITARY PERSONNEL; PREVALENCE; SAMPLE; RESILIENCE; DEPRESSION; BEHAVIORS AB Suicidal Ideation among Afghanistan/Iraq War Veterans remains a health concern. As young Veterans adjust to civilian life, new risk factors might emerge and manifest differently in this group versus those in the general population. We explored these differences. With 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data, we examined differences in risk of past-year suicidal ideation between Veterans of the Afghanistan/Iraq War periods aged 18-34 years (N=328) and age-comparable civilians (N=23,222). We compared groups based on individual and socio-environmental risk factors as well as perceptions of unmet mental healthcare needs. We report adjusted rate ratios (aRRs); interaction terms tested for between-group differences. PY suicidal ideation rates for Veterans and civilians did not differ (52 versus 59 per 1,000, p=0.60) and both groups shared many risk factors. However, drug problems and perceived unmet mental health care needs were vastly stronger risk factors among Veterans versus civilians (interaction terms indicated that the aRRs were 3.8-8.0 times higher for Veterans versus civilians). Other differences were discovered as well. Past-year suicidal ideation rates did not differ by Veteran status among young adults. However, different risk factors per group were detected, which can inform Veteran suicide prevention efforts. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Logan, Joseph; Spies, Erica] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-F63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bohnert, Amy; Jannausch, Mary] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bohnert, Amy; Jannausch, Mary] US Dept Vet Affairs, Ctr Clin Management Res, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Logan, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-F63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ffa3@cdc.gov FU CDC; VA [CDA 09-204] FX All work for this manuscript was funded by CDC and the VA (CDA 09-204). NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0165-1781 J9 PSYCHIAT RES JI Psychiatry Res. PD NOV 30 PY 2016 VL 245 BP 398 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.054 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA EA6LV UT WOS:000386741600058 PM 27611069 ER PT J AU Cinar, HN Qvarnstrom, Y Wei-Pridgeon, Y Li, W Nascimento, FS Arrowood, MJ Murphy, HR Jang, A Kim, E Kim, R da Silva, A Gopinath, GR AF Cinar, Hediye Nese Qvarnstrom, Yvonne Wei-Pridgeon, Yuping Li, Wen Nascimento, Fernanda S. Arrowood, Michael J. Murphy, Helen R. Jang, AhYoung Kim, Eunje Kim, RaeYoung da Silva, Alexandre Gopinath, Gopal R. TI Comparative sequence analysis of Cyclospora cayetanensis apicoplast genomes originating from diverse geographical regions SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Cyclospora cayetanensis; Apicoplast genome; Genomics; Next generation sequencing ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PARASITE; APICOMPLEXAN; EVOLUTION; DNA; METABOLISM; EIMERIIDAE; OUTBREAKS; HUMANS; SPP. AB Background: Cyclospora cayetanensis is an emerging coccidian parasite that causes endemic and epidemic diarrheal disease called cyclosporiasis, and this infection is associated with consumption of contaminated produce or water in developed and developing regions. Food-borne outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have occurred almost every year in the USA since the 1990s. Investigations of these outbreaks are currently hampered due to lack of molecular epidemiological tools for trace back analysis. The apicoplast of C. cayetanensis, a relict non-photosynthetic plastid with an independent genome, provides an attractive target to discover sequence polymorphisms useful as genetic markers for detection and trace back analysis of the parasite. Distinct differences in the apicoplast genomes of C. cayetanensis could be useful in designing advanced molecular methods for rapid detection and, subtyping and geographical source attribution, which would aid outbreak investigations and surveillance studies. Methods: To obtain the genome sequence of the C. cayetanensis apicoplast, we sequenced the C. cayetanensis genomic DNA extracted from clinical stool samples, assembled and annotated a 34,146 bp-long circular sequence, and used this sequence as a reference genome in this study. We compared the genome and the predicted proteome to the data available from other apicomplexan parasites. To initialize the search for genetic markers, we mapped the raw sequence reads from an additional 11 distinct clinical stool samples originating from Nepal, New York, Texas, and Indonesia to the apicoplast reference genome. Results: We identified several high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertion/deletions spanning the apicoplast genome supported by extensive sequencing reads data, and a 30 bp sequence repeat at the terminal spacer region in a Nepalese sample. The predicted proteome consists of 29 core apicomplexan peptides found in most of the apicomplexans. Cluster analysis of these C. cayetanensis apicoplast genomes revealed a familiar pattern of tight grouping with Eimeria and Toxoplasma, separated from distant species such as Plasmodium and Babesia. Conclusions: SNPs and sequence repeats identified in this study may be useful as genetic markers for identification and differentiation of C. cayetanensis isolates found and could facilitate outbreak investigations. C1 [Cinar, Hediye Nese; Murphy, Helen R.; Jang, AhYoung; Kim, Eunje; Kim, RaeYoung; da Silva, Alexandre; Gopinath, Gopal R.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Qvarnstrom, Yvonne; Wei-Pridgeon, Yuping; Li, Wen; Nascimento, Fernanda S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. [Arrowood, Michael J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cinar, HN (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM hediye.cinar@fda.hhs.gov FU CDC's Advanced Molecular Detection and Response to Infectious Disease Outbreaks Initiative; Brazilian National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) fellowship [236608/2013-4] FX This study was supported by the CDC's Advanced Molecular Detection and Response to Infectious Disease Outbreaks Initiative. Fernanda S. Nascimento was supported by the Brazilian National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) fellowship (236608/2013-4). NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD NOV 29 PY 2016 VL 9 AR 611 DI 10.1186/s13071-016-1896-4 PG 14 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ED5OY UT WOS:000388902800002 PM 27899155 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Vetsaphong, P Vonglokham, P Mirza, S Khanthamaly, V Chanthalangsy, T Chittanavanh, S Syhavong, B Moen, A Bresee, J Corwin, A Xeuatvongsa, A AF Olsen, Sonja J. Vetsaphong, Phommady Vonglokham, Phouvanh Mirza, Sara Khanthamaly, Viengphone Chanthalangsy, Touy Chittanavanh, Seth Syhavong, Bounkong Moen, Ann Bresee, Joseph Corwin, Andrew Xeuatvongsa, Anonh TI A retrospective review of birth outcomes at the Mother and Child Health Hospital in Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2004-2013 SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Review DE Pregnancy outcome; Low birth weight; Preterm birth; Small for gestational age; Lao PDR ID INFLUENZA VACCINATION; INCOME COUNTRIES; GESTATIONAL-AGE; INFANTS; IMMUNIZATION; WEIGHT; PDR AB Background: The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) is a lower-middle income country making steady progress improving maternal and child health outcomes. We sought to ascertain if there have been improvements in three specific birth outcomes (low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age) over the last decade. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed birth records between 2004 and 2013 at the Mother and Child Health (MCH) hospital in Vientiane. We defined preterm birth as gestation <37 weeks and low birth weight as <2,500 g. We calculated small for gestational age (SGA). We describe birth outcomes over time and compare proportions using Chi square. Results: Between 2004 and 2013, the annual average number of newborns delivered each year was 4,322 and the frequency of low birth weight ranged from 9.5 to 12%, preterm births from 6.3 to 10%, and infants born SGA from 25 to 35%. There were no improvements in these frequencies over time. Women <18 years at delivery had a statistically significantly higher frequency of babies born with a low birth weight (15.3 vs. 10.8%, p < 0.02) or preterm (16.4 vs. 7.8%, p < 0.01) than those aged >18. There was no difference in the frequency of babies born SGA by age (26.8% in women < 18 years vs. 29.7% in women >18 years, p = 0.30). Conclusions: At the largest maternal and child hospital in Lao PDR, we found a high frequency of poor birth outcomes with no improvements over the last decade. C1 [Olsen, Sonja J.; Mirza, Sara; Moen, Ann; Bresee, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Vetsaphong, Phommady; Chanthalangsy, Touy; Chittanavanh, Seth; Xeuatvongsa, Anonh] Mother & Child Hlth Hosp, Viangchan, Laos. [Vonglokham, Phouvanh; Syhavong, Bounkong] Minist Hlth, Viangchan, Laos. [Khanthamaly, Viengphone; Corwin, Andrew] CDC, Influenza Program, Viangchan, Laos. [Corwin, Andrew] Amer Embassy, QED Grp, Viangchan, Laos. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM sco2@cdc.gov FU Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; government of Lao PDR; MCH Hospital in Vientiane, Lao PDR FX This project was funded by the Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through a contract with the MCH Hospital in Vientiane, Lao PDR and by the government of Lao PDR. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PD NOV 28 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 379 DI 10.1186/s12884-016-1168-5 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA ED6VA UT WOS:000388993600001 PM 27894346 ER PT J AU Paz-Bailey, G Wejnert, C Mendoza, MCB Prejean, J AF Paz-Bailey, Gabriela Wejnert, Cyprian Mendoza, Maria C. B. Prejean, Joseph TI Response to diversification of risk-reduction strategies and reduced threat of HIV may explain increases in condomless sex SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION; TRENDS; ERA C1 [Paz-Bailey, Gabriela; Wejnert, Cyprian; Mendoza, Maria C. B.; Prejean, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Paz-Bailey, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM gmb5@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 28 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 18 BP 2900 EP 2901 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001261 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA EB2QM UT WOS:000387206900022 PM 27824631 ER PT J AU Olsen, MH Angell, SY Asma, S Boutouyrie, P Burger, D Chirinos, JA Damasceno, A Delles, C Gimenez-Roqueplo, AP Hering, D Lopez-Jaramillo, P Martinez, F Perkovic, V Rietzschel, ER Schillaci, G Schutte, AE Scuteri, A Sharman, JE Wachtell, K Wang, JG AF Olsen, Michael H. Angell, Sonia Y. Asma, Samira Boutouyrie, Pierre Burger, Dylan Chirinos, Julio A. Damasceno, Albertino Delles, Christian Gimenez-Roqueplo, Anne-Paule Hering, Dagmara Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio Martinez, Fernando Perkovic, Vlado Rietzschel, Ernst R. Schillaci, Giuseppe Schutte, Aletta E. Scuteri, Angelo Sharman, James E. Wachtell, Kristian Wang, Ji Guang TI A call to action and a lifecourse strategy to address the global burden of raised blood pressure on current and future generations: the Lancet Commission on hypertension SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA; LEFT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; PULSE-WAVE VELOCITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE; RENAL-ARTERY STENOSIS; END-POINT REDUCTION; CONVERTING-ENZYME-INHIBITORS AB Elevated blood pressure is the strongest modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease worldwide. Despite extensive knowledge about ways to prevent as well as to treat hypertension, the global incidence and prevalence of hypertension and, more importantly, its cardiovascular complications are not reduced-partly because of inadequacies in prevention, diagnosis, and control of the disorder in an ageing world. The aim of the Lancet Commission on hypertension is to identify key actions to improve the management of blood pressure both at the population and the individual level, and to generate a campaign to adopt the suggested actions at national levels to reduce the impact of elevated blood pressure globally. The first task of the Commission is this report, which briefly reviews the available evidence for prevention, identification, and treatment of elevated blood pressure, hypertension, and its cardiovascular complications. The report focuses on how as-yet unsolved issues might be tackled using approaches with population-wide impact and new methods for patient evaluation and education in the broadest sense (some of which are not always strictly evidence based) to manage blood pressure worldwide. The report is built around the concept of lifetime risk applicable to the entire population from conception. Development of subclinical and sometimes clinical cardiovascular disease results from lifetime exposure to cardiovascular risk factors combined with the susceptibility of individuals to the harmful consequences of these risk factors. The Commission recognises the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors-eg, smoking, obesity, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus-on antihypertensive treatment. However, as a Commission on hypertension, this report focuses mainly on issues and actions related to elevated blood pressure. Previous action plans for improving management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension have not yet provided adequate results. Therefore, the Commission has identified ten essential and achievable goals and ten accompanying, mutually additive, and synergistic key actions that-if implemented effectively and broadly-will make substantial contributions to the management of blood pressure globally. The Commission deliberately has not listed these complementary key actions by priority because the balance between strength of evidence, feasibility, and potential benefit could differ by country. C1 [Olsen, Michael H.] Univ Southern Denmark, Holbaek Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Odense, Denmark. [Olsen, Michael H.] Univ Southern Denmark, Odense Univ Hosp, Ctr Individualized Med Arterial Dis CIMA, Odense, Denmark. [Olsen, Michael H.] North West Univ, Hypertens Africa Res Team HART, Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Angell, Sonia Y.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Prevent & Primary Care, New York, NY USA. [Asma, Samira] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global NCD Branch, Div Global Hlth Protect, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Boutouyrie, Pierre] Paris Descartes Univ, Georges Pompidou Hosp, Dept Pharmacol, Paris, France. [Boutouyrie, Pierre] Paris Descartes Univ, Georges Pompidou Hosp, INSERM U 970, Paris, France. [Burger, Dylan] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Kidney Res Ctr, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Chirinos, Julio A.] Hosp Univ Penn, Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Chirinos, Julio A.] Vet Adm, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Damasceno, Albertino] Eduardo Mondlane Univ, Fac Med, Maputo, Mozambique. [Delles, Christian] Univ Glasgow, Inst Cardiovasc & Med Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Schutte, Aletta E.] North West Univ, HART, Res Council Unit Hypertens & Cardiovasc Dis, Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Scuteri, Angelo] Policlin Tor Vergata, Dept Med, Hypertens Ctr, Hypertens & Nephrol Unit, Rome, Italy. [Sharman, James E.] Univ Tasmania, Menzies Inst Med Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Wachtell, Kristian] Oslo Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Div Cardiovasc & Pulm Dis, Oslo, Norway. [Wang, Ji Guang] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, RuiJin Hosp, Sch Med, Shanghai Inst Hypertens, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Olsen, MH (reprint author), Smedelundsgade 60, DK-4300 Holbaek, Denmark. EM mho@dadlnet.dk OI Sharman, James/0000-0003-2792-0811 FU International Society for Hypertension; Odense University Hospital; University of Southern Denmark; US Center for Disease Control FX We are extremely grateful to Prof Neil Poulter, Prof John Chalmers, Prof Stephane Laurent, and Prof Majid Ezzati for face-to-face critique and advice during preparation of the report. The International Society for Hypertension, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, and US Center for Disease Control generously provided financial support for Commission meetings. And we are grateful to Prof Rhian Touyz and the local organisers of the 50th Anniversary ISH meeting in Seoul for providing time in the programme to present and discuss the report of the Commission. We thank Manan Pareek (Department of Internal Medicine, Holbaek Hospital and Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark, and Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA) for his help with the references and general technical support. NR 467 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 21 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 26 PY 2016 VL 388 IS 10060 BP 2665 EP 2712 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31134-5 PG 48 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ED0EW UT WOS:000388516800035 PM 27671667 ER PT J AU Mtove, G Mugasa, JP Messenger, LA Malima, RC Mangesho, P Magogo, F Plucinski, M Hashimu, R Matowo, J Shepard, D Batengana, B Cook, J Emidi, B Halasa, Y Kaaya, R Kihombo, A Lindblade, KA Makenga, G Mpangala, R Mwambuli, A Mzava, R Mziray, A Olang, G Oxborough, RM Seif, M Sambu, E Samuels, A Sudi, W Thomas, J Weston, S Alilio, M Binkin, N Gimnig, J Kleinschmidt, I McElroy, P Moulton, LH Norris, L Ruebush, T Venkatesan, M Rowland, M Mosha, FW Kisinza, WN AF Mtove, George Mugasa, Joseph P. Messenger, Louisa A. Malima, Robert C. Mangesho, Peter Magogo, Franklin Plucinski, Mateusz Hashimu, Ramadhan Matowo, Johnson Shepard, Donald Batengana, Bernard Cook, Jackie Emidi, Basiliana Halasa, Yara Kaaya, Robert Kihombo, Aggrey Lindblade, Kimberly A. Makenga, Geofrey Mpangala, Robert Mwambuli, Abraham Mzava, Ruth Mziray, Abubakary Olang, George Oxborough, Richard M. Seif, Mohammed Sambu, Edward Samuels, Aaron Sudi, Wema Thomas, John Weston, Sophie Alilio, Martin Binkin, Nancy Gimnig, John Kleinschmidt, Immo McElroy, Peter Moulton, Lawrence H. Norris, Laura Ruebush, Trenton Venkatesan, Meera Rowland, Mark Mosha, Franklin W. Kisinza, William N. TI The effectiveness of non-pyrethroid insecticide-treated durable wall lining to control malaria in rural Tanzania: study protocol for a two-armed cluster randomized trial (vol 16, 633, 2016) SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Correction C1 [Mtove, George; Mugasa, Joseph P.; Malima, Robert C.; Mangesho, Peter; Magogo, Franklin; Hashimu, Ramadhan; Batengana, Bernard; Kihombo, Aggrey; Makenga, Geofrey; Mpangala, Robert; Mwambuli, Abraham; Mzava, Ruth; Mziray, Abubakary; Olang, George; Seif, Mohammed; Sambu, Edward; Sudi, Wema; Moulton, Lawrence H.; Kisinza, William N.] Amani Res Ctr, Natl Inst Med Res, Muheza, Tanzania. [Messenger, Louisa A.; Cook, Jackie; Weston, Sophie; Kleinschmidt, Immo; Rowland, Mark] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, London, England. [Plucinski, Mateusz; McElroy, Peter] US Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Plucinski, Mateusz; Lindblade, Kimberly A.; Samuels, Aaron; Gimnig, John; McElroy, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Matowo, Johnson; Emidi, Basiliana; Kaaya, Robert; Mosha, Franklin W.] Kilimanjaro Christian Med Coll, Moshi, Tanzania. [Shepard, Donald; Emidi, Basiliana] Natl Inst Med Res, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Halasa, Yara] Brandeis Univ, Heller Sch, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. [Oxborough, Richard M.] Abt Associates Inc, PMI Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project, London, England. [Thomas, John] Phoenix Ordinary LLC, Bridgewater, NJ USA. [Alilio, Martin; Norris, Laura; Venkatesan, Meera] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Binkin, Nancy; Ruebush, Trenton] Univ Res Co LLC, Translating Res Act Project TRAct, Bethesda, MD USA. [Moulton, Lawrence H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Mtove, G (reprint author), Amani Res Ctr, Natl Inst Med Res, Muheza, Tanzania. EM mtoveg2002@gmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD NOV 25 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 1195 DI 10.1186/s12889-016-3856-5 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EE2BC UT WOS:000389387700001 PM 27887607 ER PT J AU Jatlaoui, TC Ewing, A Mandel, MG Simmons, KB Suchdev, DB Jamieson, DJ Pazol, K AF Jatlaoui, Tara C. Ewing, Alexander Mandel, Michele G. Simmons, Katharine B. Suchdev, Danielle B. Jamieson, Denise J. Pazol, Karen TI Abortion Surveillance - United States, 2013 SO MMWR Surveillance Summaries LA English DT Article ID LOW-INCOME WOMEN; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; CONTRACEPTIVE USE; SURGICAL ABORTION; RISK-FACTORS; SERVICES; COMPLICATIONS; DIFFERENCE; TRIMESTER; MORTALITY AB Problem/Condition: Since 1969, CDC has conducted abortion surveillance to document the number and characteristics of women obtaining legal induced abortions in the United States. Period Covered: 2013. Description of System: Each year, CDC requests abortion data from the central health agencies of 52 reporting areas (the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City). The reporting areas provide this information voluntarily. For 2013, data were received from 49 reporting areas. For trend analysis, abortion data were evaluated from 47 areas that reported data every year during 2004-2013. Census and natality data, respectively, were used to calculate abortion rates (number of abortions per 1,000 women) and ratios (number of abortions per 1,000 live births). Results: A total of 664,435 abortions were reported to CDC for 2013. Of these abortions, 98.2% were from the 47 reporting areas that provided data every year during 2004-2013. Among these 47 reporting areas, the abortion rate for 2013 was 12.5 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years, and the abortion ratio was 200 abortions per 1,000 live births. From 2012 to 2013, the total number, rate, and ratio of reported abortions decreased 5%. From 2004 to 2013, the total number, rate, and ratio of reported abortions decreased 20%, 21%, and 17%, respectively. In 2013, all three measures reached their lowest level for the entire period of analysis (2004-2013). In 2013 and throughout the period of analysis, women in their 20s accounted for the majority of abortions and had the highest abortion rates; women in their 30s and older accounted for a much smaller percentage of abortions and had lower abortion rates. In 2013, women aged 20-24 and 25-29 years accounted for 32.7% and 25.9% of all abortions, respectively, and had abortion rates of 21.8 and 18.2 abortions per 1,000 women aged 20-24 and 25-29 years, respectively. In contrast, women aged 30-34, 35-39, and >= 40 years accounted for 16.8%, 9.2%, and 3.6% of all abortions, respectively, and had abortion rates of 11.8, 7.0, and 2.5 abortions per 1,000 women aged 30-34 years, 35-39 years, and >= 40 years, respectively. During 2004-2013, the decrease in abortion rates among adult women aged 20-39 years ranged from 8% to 27% across these age groups, whereas the abortion rate was stable for women aged >= 40 years. In 2013, adolescents aged < 15 and 15-19 years accounted for 0.3% and 11.4% of all abortions, respectively, and had abortion rates of 0.6 and 8.2 abortions per 1,000 adolescents aged < 15 and 15-19 years, respectively. From 2004 to 2013, the percentage of abortions accounted for by adolescents aged 15-19 years decreased 31% and their abortion rate decreased 46%. These decreases were greater than the decreases for women in any older age group. In contrast to the percentage distribution of abortions and abortion rates by age, abortion ratios in 2013 and throughout the entire period of analysis were highest among adolescents and lowest among women aged 30-39 years. Abortion ratios decreased from 2004 to 2013 for women in all age groups, except for adolescents aged < 15 years. In 2013, the majority (66.0%) of abortions were performed by <= 8 weeks' gestation, and nearly all (91.6%) were performed by <= 13 weeks' gestation. Few abortions were performed between 14 and 20 weeks' gestation (7.1%) or at >= 21 weeks' gestation (1.3%). From 2004 to 2013, the percentage of all abortions performed at <= 13 weeks' gestation remained consistently high (>= 91.5%) and among those performed at <= 13 weeks' gestation, the percentage performed at <= 6 weeks' gestation increased 16%. In 2013, among the 43 reporting areas that included medical (nonsurgical) abortion on their reporting form, a total of 67.9% of abortions were performed by curettage at <= 13 weeks' gestation, 22.2% were performed by early medical abortion (a nonsurgical abortion at <= 8 weeks' gestation), and 8.6% were performed by curettage at > 13 weeks' gestation; all other methods were uncommon. Among abortions performed at <= 8 weeks' gestation that were eligible for early medical abortion on the basis of gestational age, 32.8% were completed by this method. From 2012 to 2013, the percentage of abortions reported as early medical abortions increased 5%. Deaths of women associated with complications from abortion for 2013 are being investigated as part of CDC's Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System. In 2012, the most recent year for which data were available, four women were identified to have died as a result of complications from known legal induced abortion. No reported deaths were associated with known illegal induced abortion. Interpretation: Among the 47 areas that reported data every year during 2004-2013, the decreases in the total number, rate, and ratio of reported abortions that occurred during 2009-2012 continued from 2012 to 2013, resulting in historic lows for all three measures of abortion. Public Health Action: The data in this report can help program planners and policymakers identify groups of women with highest rates of abortion. Unintended pregnancy is the major contributor to abortion. Increasing access to and use of contraception, including the most effective methods, can reduce unintended pregnancies and further reduce the number of abortions performed in the United States. C1 [Jatlaoui, Tara C.; Ewing, Alexander; Mandel, Michele G.; Simmons, Katharine B.; Suchdev, Danielle B.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Pazol, Karen] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jatlaoui, TC (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdcinfo@cdc.gov NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-8636 J9 MMWR SURVEILL SUMM JI MMWR Surv. Summ. PD NOV 25 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1 EP 43 PG 43 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED9NA UT WOS:000389196700001 PM 27880751 ER PT J AU Diallo, K Kim, AA Lecher, S Ellenberger, D Beard, RS Dale, H Hurlston, M Rivadeneira, M Fonjungo, PN Broyles, LN Zhang, GQ Sleeman, K Nguyen, S Jadczak, S Abiola, N Ewetola, R Muwonga, J Fwamba, F Mwangi, C Naluguza, M Kiyaga, C Ssewanyana, I Varough, D Wysler, D Lowrance, D Louis, FJ Desinor, O Buteau, J Kesner, F Rouzier, V Segaren, N Lewis, T Sarr, A Chipungu, G Gupta, S Singer, D Mwenda, R Kapoteza, H Chipeta, Z Knight, N Carmona, S MacLeod, W Sherman, G Pillay, Y Ndongmo, CB Mugisa, B Mwila, A McAuley, J Chipimo, PJ Kaonga, W Nsofwa, D Nsama, D Mwamba, FZ Moyo, C Phiri, C Borget, MY Ya-Kouadio, L Kouame, A Adje-Toure, CA Nkengasong, J AF Diallo, Karidia Kim, Andrea A. Lecher, Shirley Ellenberger, Dennis Beard, R. Suzanne Dale, Helen Hurlston, Mackenzie Rivadeneira, Molly Fonjungo, Peter N. Broyles, Laura N. Zhang, Guoqing Sleeman, Katrina Shon Nguyen Jadczak, Steve Abiola, Nadine Ewetola, Raimi Muwonga, Jeremie Fwamba, Franck Mwangi, Christina Naluguza, Mary Kiyaga, Charles Ssewanyana, Isaac Varough, Deyde Wysler, Domercant Lowrance, David Louis, Frantz Jean Desinor, Olbeg Buteau, Josiane Kesner, Francois Rouzier, Vanessa Segaren, Nat Lewis, Tessa Sarr, Abdoulaye Chipungu, Geoffrey Gupta, Sundeep Singer, Daniel Mwenda, Reuben Kapoteza, Hilary Chipeta, Zawadi Knight, Nancy Carmona, Sergio MacLeod, William Sherman, Gayle Pillay, Yogan Ndongmo, Clement B. Mugisa, Bridget Mwila, Annie McAuley, James Chipimo, Peter J. Kaonga, Wezi Nsofwa, Dailess Nsama, Davy Mwamba, Fales Zulu Moyo, Crispin Phiri, Clement Borget, Marie-Yolande Ya-Kouadio, Leonard Kouame, Abo Adje-Toure, Christiane A. Nkengasong, John TI Early Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants - One Caribbean and Six Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2011-2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY C1 [Diallo, Karidia; Kim, Andrea A.; Lecher, Shirley; Ellenberger, Dennis; Beard, R. Suzanne; Dale, Helen; Hurlston, Mackenzie; Rivadeneira, Molly; Fonjungo, Peter N.; Broyles, Laura N.; Zhang, Guoqing; Sleeman, Katrina; Shon Nguyen; Jadczak, Steve; Nkengasong, John] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Abiola, Nadine; Ewetola, Raimi] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Muwonga, Jeremie] SIDA, Lab Natl Reference, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Fwamba, Franck] SIDA, Programme Natl Lutte, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO. [Mwangi, Christina; Naluguza, Mary] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Kampala, Uganda. [Kiyaga, Charles; Ssewanyana, Isaac] Cent Publ Hlth Labs, Kampala, Uganda. [Wysler, Domercant; Lowrance, David; Louis, Frantz Jean] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Desinor, Olbeg] US Agcy Int Dev, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Buteau, Josiane] Lab Natl Sante Publ, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Kesner, Francois] SIDA, Programme Natl Lutte, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Rouzier, Vanessa] Grp Haitien Etud Sarcome Kaposi & Infect Opportun, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Segaren, Nat; Lewis, Tessa] CARIS Fdn, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Sarr, Abdoulaye; Chipungu, Geoffrey; Gupta, Sundeep; Singer, Daniel] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Mwenda, Reuben; Kapoteza, Hilary] Minist Hlth, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Chipeta, Zawadi; Knight, Nancy] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Pretoria, South Africa. [Carmona, Sergio] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Pathol, Dept Haematol & Mol Med, Johannesburg, South Africa. [MacLeod, William] Univ Witwatersrand, Hlth Econ & Epidemiol Res Off, Sch Clin Med, Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Sherman, Gayle] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Paediat & Child Heath, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Sherman, Gayle] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr HIV & STI, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Pillay, Yogan] Natl Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [Ndongmo, Clement B.; Mugisa, Bridget; Mwila, Annie; McAuley, James; Chipimo, Peter J.; Kaonga, Wezi; Nsofwa, Dailess] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Lusaka, Zambia. [Nsama, Davy; Mwamba, Fales Zulu; Moyo, Crispin] Minist Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. [Phiri, Clement] Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Lusaka, Zambia. [Borget, Marie-Yolande; Ya-Kouadio, Leonard; Adje-Toure, Christiane A.] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Kouame, Abo] SIDA, Programme Natl Lutte, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Diallo, K (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kdiallo@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 25 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 46 BP 1285 EP 1290 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED1DY UT WOS:000388585700002 PM 27880749 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JL Thomas, CC Massetti, GM Duquette, D Avner, L Iskander, J Khoury, MJ Richardson, LC AF Rodriguez, Juan L. Thomas, Cheryll C. Massetti, Greta M. Duquette, Debra Avner, Lindsay Iskander, John Khoury, Muin J. Richardson, Lisa C. TI CDC Grand Rounds: Family History and Genomics as Tools for Cancer Prevention and Control SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID FORCE RECOMMENDATION STATEMENT; POPULATION HEALTH; BREAST-CANCER; WOMEN; BRCA1 C1 [Rodriguez, Juan L.; Thomas, Cheryll C.; Massetti, Greta M.; Richardson, Lisa C.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Duquette, Debra] Michigan Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Lansing, MI USA. [Avner, Lindsay] Bright Pink, Chicago, IL USA. [Iskander, John] CDC, Off Associate Director Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Khoury, Muin J.] CDC, Off Publ Hlth Genom, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rodriguez, JL (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JRodriguez2@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 25 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 46 BP 1291 EP 1294 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED1DY UT WOS:000388585700003 PM 27880748 ER PT J AU Hsu, CH Mahamud, A Safdar, RM Ahmed, J Jorba, J Sharif, S Farag, N Martinez, M Tangermann, RH Ehrhardt, D AF Hsu, Christopher H. Mahamud, Abdirahman Safdar, Rana Muhammad Ahmed, Jamal Jorba, Jaume Sharif, Salmaan Farag, Noha Martinez, Maureen Tangermann, Rudolph H. Ehrhardt, Derek TI Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication - Pakistan, January 2015-September 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID AFGHANISTAN C1 [Hsu, Christopher H.; Farag, Noha; Martinez, Maureen; Ehrhardt, Derek] CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mahamud, Abdirahman; Tangermann, Rudolph H.] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Safdar, Rana Muhammad] Pakistan Minist Hlth, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Ahmed, Jamal] Natl Emergency Operat Ctr, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Jorba, Jaume] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sharif, Salmaan] Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Virol, Islamabad, Pakistan. RP Hsu, CH (reprint author), CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM chsu@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 25 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 46 BP 1295 EP 1299 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED1DY UT WOS:000388585700004 PM 27880752 ER PT J AU Rinsky, JL Berl, E Greene, V Morrow, J Didomenico, A MacFarquhar, J Gomez, GA Luquez, C Williams, C AF Rinsky, Jessica L. Berl, E. Greene, V. Morrow, J. Didomenico, A. MacFarquhar, J. Gomez, G. A. Luquez, C. Williams, C. TI Clostridium perfringens Gastroenteritis Outbreak Associated with a Catered Lunch - North Carolina, November 2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES C1 [Rinsky, Jessica L.; MacFarquhar, J.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rinsky, Jessica L.; Berl, E.; Greene, V.; Didomenico, A.; Williams, C.] North Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. [Morrow, J.] Pitt Cty Hlth Dept, Greenville, NC USA. [MacFarquhar, J.] CDC, Career Epidemiol Field Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gomez, G. A.] CDC, Div Foodborne, Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rinsky, JL (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Rinsky, JL (reprint author), North Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. EM ywc8@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 25 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 46 BP 1300 EP 1301 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED1DY UT WOS:000388585700005 PM 27880750 ER PT J AU Straily, A Drexler, N Cruz-Loustaunau, D Paddock, CD Alvarez-Hernandez, G AF Straily, Anne Drexler, Naomi Cruz-Loustaunau, Denica Paddock, Christopher D. Alvarez-Hernandez, Gerardo TI Community-Based Prevention of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - Sonora, Mexico, 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Straily, Anne] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Straily, Anne; Drexler, Naomi; Paddock, Christopher D.] CDC, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cruz-Loustaunau, Denica] Secretariat Publ Hlth, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. [Alvarez-Hernandez, Gerardo] Univ Sonora, Dept Med & Hlth Sci, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. RP Alvarez-Hernandez, G (reprint author), Univ Sonora, Dept Med & Hlth Sci, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. EM galvarez@guayacan.uson.mx NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 25 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 46 BP 1302 EP 1303 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED1DY UT WOS:000388585700006 PM 27880753 ER PT J AU Liu, H Taylor, TH Pettus, K Johnson, S Papp, JR Trees, D AF Liu, Hsi Taylor, Thomas H., Jr. Pettus, Kevin Johnson, Steve Papp, John R. Trees, David TI Comparing the disk-diffusion and agar dilution tests for Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility testing SO ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Antibiotic; Susceptibility testing; Ceftriaxone; Cefixime; Neisseria; Gonorrhoeae ID RESISTANCE; CEPHALOSPORINS; CEFTRIAXONE; GUIDELINES AB Background: We assessed the validity of testing for antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical and mutant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) isolates by disk diffusion in comparison to agar dilution, and Etest (R) (bioMerieux, France), respectively, for three third generation extended spectrum cephalosporins (ESC): ceftriaxone (CRO), cefixime (CFX), and cefpodoxime (CPD). Methods: One hundred and five clinical isolates and ten laboratory-mutants were tested following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) and manufacturer's standards for each of the three methods. The measured diameters by the disk diffusion method were tested for correlation with the MIC values by agar dilution. In addition, comparisons with the Etest (R) were made. Categorical results for concordance, based on standard CLSI cutoffs, between the disk diffusion and the other two methods, respectively, were tested using the Chi-square statistics. Reproducibility was tested for CFX across a 6-month interval by repeated disk tests. Results: Across all 115 specimens, the disk diffusion tests produced good categorical agreements, exhibiting concordance of 93.1%, 92.1%, and 90.4% with agar dilution and 93.0%, 92.1%, and 90.4% with Etest (R), for CRO, CFX, and CPD, respectively. Pearson correlations between disk-diffusion diameters and agar dilution MIC's were -0.59, -0. 67, and -0.81 for CRO, CFX, and CPD, respectively. The correlations between disk diffusion and Etest (R) were -0.58, -0. 73, and -0.49. Pearson correlation between the CFX disk readings over a 6-month interval was 91%. Conclusions: Disk diffusion tests remain to be a useful, reliable and fast screening method for qualitative antimicrobial susceptibility testing for ceftriaxone, cefixime, and cefpodoxime. C1 [Liu, Hsi; Pettus, Kevin; Johnson, Steve; Papp, John R.; Trees, David] NCHHSTP, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Taylor, Thomas H., Jr.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, CSELS, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), NCHHSTP, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM hcl6@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2047-2994 J9 ANTIMICROB RESIST IN JI Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control PD NOV 24 PY 2016 VL 5 AR 46 DI 10.1186/s13756-016-0148-x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ED6XB UT WOS:000388999000001 PM 27904747 ER PT J AU Shehab, N Lovegrove, MC Geller, AI Rose, KO Weidle, NJ Budnitz, DS AF Shehab, Nadine Lovegrove, Maribeth C. Geller, Andrew I. Rose, Kathleen O. Weidle, Nina J. Budnitz, Daniel S. TI US Emergency Department Visits for Outpatient Adverse Drug Events, 2013-2014 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; OLDER-ADULTS; CHILDREN; ANTIPSYCHOTICS; ANTIBIOTICS; MANAGEMENT; PATIENT; ERA AB IMPORTANCE The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 brought attention to adverse drug events in national patient safety efforts. Updated, detailed, nationally representative data describing adverse drug events can help focus these efforts. OBJECTIVE To describe the characteristics of emergency department (ED) visits for adverse drug events in the United States in 2013-2014 and describe changes in ED visits for adverse drug events since 2005-2006. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Active, nationally representative, public health surveillance in 58 EDs located in the United States and participating in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project. EXPOSURES Drugs implicated in ED visits. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES National weighted estimates of ED visits and subsequent hospitalizations for adverse drug events. RESULTS Based on data from 42 585 cases, an estimated 4.0 (95% CI, 3.1-5.0) ED visits for adverse drug events occurred per 1000 individuals annually in 2013 and 2014 and 27.3% (95% CI, 22.2%-32.4%) of ED visits for adverse drug events resulted in hospitalization. An estimated 34.5%(95% CI, 30.3%-38.8%) of ED visits for adverse drug events occurred among adults aged 65 years or older in 2013-2014 compared with an estimated 25.6%(95% CI, 21.1%-30.0%) in 2005-2006; older adults experienced the highest hospitalization rates (43.6%; 95% CI, 36.6%-50.5%). Anticoagulants, antibiotics, and diabetes agents were implicated in an estimated 46.9%(95% CI, 44.2%-49.7%) of ED visits for adverse drug events, which included clinically significant adverse events, such as hemorrhage (anticoagulants), moderate to severe allergic reactions (antibiotics), and hypoglycemia with moderate to severe neurological effects (diabetes agents). Since 2005-2006, the proportions of ED visits for adverse drug events from anticoagulants and diabetes agents have increased, whereas the proportion from antibiotics has decreased. Among children aged 5 years or younger, antibiotics were the most common drug class implicated (56.4%; 95% CI, 51.8%-61.0%). Among children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years, antibiotics also were the most common drug class implicated (31.8%; 95% CI, 28.7%-34.9%) in ED visits for adverse drug events, followed by antipsychotics (4.5%; 95% CI, 3.3%-5.6%). Among older adults (aged >= 65 years), 3 drug classes (anticoagulants, diabetes agents, and opioid analgesics) were implicated in an estimated 59.9%(95% CI, 56.8%-62.9%) of ED visits for adverse drug events; 4 anticoagulants (warfarin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and enoxaparin) and 5 diabetes agents (insulin and 4 oral agents) were among the 15 most common drugs implicated. Medications to always avoid in older adults according to Beers criteria were implicated in 1.8%(95% CI, 1.5%-2.1%) of ED visits for adverse drug events. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The prevalence of emergency department visits for adverse drug events in the United States was estimated to be 4 per 1000 individuals in 2013 and 2014. The most common drug classes implicated were anticoagulants, antibiotics, diabetes agents, and opioid analgesics. C1 [Shehab, Nadine; Lovegrove, Maribeth C.; Geller, Andrew I.; Budnitz, Daniel S.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D-26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rose, Kathleen O.] Northrup Grumman Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Weidle, Nina J.] Chenega Govt Consulting, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shehab, N (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D-26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ftnO@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 22 PY 2016 VL 316 IS 20 BP 2115 EP 2125 DI 10.1001/jama.2016.16201 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ED1XD UT WOS:000388637300019 PM 27893129 ER PT J AU Mzilahowa, T Chiumia, M Mbewe, RB Uzalili, VT Luka-Banda, M Kutengule, A Mathanga, DP Ali, D Chiphwanya, J Zoya, J Mulenga, S Dodoli, W Bergeson-Lockwood, J Troell, P Oyugi, J Lindblade, K Gimnig, JE AF Mzilahowa, Themba Chiumia, Martin Mbewe, Rex B. Uzalili, Veronica T. Luka-Banda, Madalitso Kutengule, Anna Mathanga, Don P. Ali, Doreen Chiphwanya, John Zoya, John Mulenga, Shadreck Dodoli, Wilfred Bergeson-Lockwood, Jennifer Troell, Peter Oyugi, Jessica Lindblade, Kim Gimnig, John E. TI Increasing insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis in Malawi, 2011-2015 SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Insecticide resistance; Pyrethroid resistance; Malawi ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MALARIA VECTOR CONTROL; TREATED BED NETS; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; GAMBIAE-S.S.; BURKINA-FASO; POPULATIONS; MOSQUITOS; AFRICA; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Background: Susceptibility of principal Anopheles malaria vectors to common insecticides was monitored over a 5-year period across Malawi to inform and guide the national malaria control programme. Methods: Adult blood-fed Anopheles spp. and larvae were collected from multiple sites in sixteen districts across the country between 2011 and 2015. First generation (F-1) progeny aged 2-5 days old were tested for susceptibility, using standard WHO procedures, against pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin), carbamates (bendiocarb and propoxur), organophosphates (malathion and pirimiphos-methyl) and an organochlorine (DDT). Results: Mortality of Anopheles funestus to deltamethrin, permethrin, bendiocarb and propoxur declined significantly over the 5-year (2011-2015) monitoring period. There was wide variation in susceptibility to DDT but it was not associated with time. In contrast, An. funestus exhibited 100% mortality to the organophosphates (malathion and pirimiphos-methyl) at all sites tested. There was reduced mortality of Anopheles arabiensis to deltamethrin over time though this was not statistically significant. However, mortality of An. arabiensis exposed to permethrin declined significantly over time. Anopheles arabiensis exposed to DDT were more likely to be killed if there was high ITN coverage in the mosquito collection area the previous year. There were no other associations between mosquito mortality in a bioassay and ITN coverage or IRS implementation. Mortality of An. funestus from four sites exposed to deltamethrin alone ranged from 2 to 31% and from 41 to 94% when pre-exposed to the synergist piperonyl butoxide followed by deltamethrin. For permethrin alone, mortality ranged from 2 to 13% while mortality ranged from 63 to 100% when pre-exposed to PBO. Conclusion: Pyrethroid resistance was detected in An. funestus and An. arabiensis populations across Malawi and has worsened over the last 5 years. New insecticides and control strategies are urgently needed to reduce the burden of malaria in Malawi. C1 [Mzilahowa, Themba; Chiumia, Martin; Mbewe, Rex B.; Uzalili, Veronica T.; Luka-Banda, Madalitso; Kutengule, Anna; Mathanga, Don P.] Malawi Coll Med, Malaria Alert Ctr, P Bag 360, Blantyre 3, Malawi. [Ali, Doreen; Chiphwanya, John; Zoya, John; Mulenga, Shadreck] Minist Hlth, Community Hlth Serv Unit, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Dodoli, Wilfred] WHO Country Off, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Bergeson-Lockwood, Jennifer] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Troell, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Oyugi, Jessica; Lindblade, Kim; Gimnig, John E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mzilahowa, T (reprint author), Malawi Coll Med, Malaria Alert Ctr, P Bag 360, Blantyre 3, Malawi. EM tmzilahowa@mac.medcol.mw FU President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) FX Funding for this work came from several sources but primarily the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) and other support was obtained from the Malaria Capacity Development Consortium (MCDC), the European Foundation Initiative into Neglected Tropical Diseases (EFINTD) and the Global Fund to fight HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria (GF). NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 22 PY 2016 VL 15 AR 563 DI 10.1186/s12936-016-1610-1 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EC7UN UT WOS:000388345900001 PM 27876046 ER PT J AU Frew, PM Chung, YM Fisher, AK Schamel, J Basket, MM AF Frew, Paula M. Chung, Yunmi Fisher, Allison Kennedy Schamel, Jay Basket, Michelle M. TI Parental experiences with vaccine information statements: Implications for timing, delivery, and parent-provider immunization communication SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccine confidence; Vaccine acceptability; Vaccine delay; Vaccine hesitancy; Vaccine refusal; Vaccine information statement; Children; Pediatric populations; Parents ID INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM; PERSUASION; IMPACT AB Objective: We examined Vaccine Information Statements (VIS) dissemination practices and parental use and perceptions. Methods: We conducted a national online panel survey of 2603 US parents of children aged <7. Primary outcomes included reported VIS receipt, delivery timing, reading experiences, and perceived utility. Results: Most parents received a VIS (77.2%; [95% CI: 74.5-79.7%]), 59.7% [56.6-62.7%] before vaccination but 14.5% [12.5-16.8%] reported receiving it after their child's immunization; 15.1% [13.0-17.6%] were unsure of receipt status or timing; another 10.7% [9.0-12.6%] reported non-receipt of a VIS. Less than half who received a VIS before vaccination completed it before vaccination (46.2% [42.4, 50.0%]), but most who read at least some found the information useful (95.7% [93.8-97.0%]). Parents who delayed or refused at least one recommended non-influenza vaccine reported fewer opportunities to ask providers VIS questions. Conclusions: Most parents report receiving VIS before vaccination as per federal guidelines. Continued effort is needed to enhance VIS distribution practice and parent-provider VIS content communication. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Frew, Paula M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 1760 Haygood Dr,Suite W327, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Frew, Paula M.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Frew, Paula M.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Frew, Paula M.; Fisher, Allison Kennedy; Basket, Michelle M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chung, Yunmi; Schamel, Jay] ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Frew, PM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 1760 Haygood Dr,Suite W327, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM pfrew@emory.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; CDC FX We would like to acknowledge the study review by the Westat, FHI360, and Emory University IRBs and the poll participants for their involvement in the study. We would also like to thank our editor and anonymous reviewers for insightful comments during the review process. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC (Chung and Schamel). NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 21 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 48 BP 5840 EP 5844 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.026 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EC3XG UT WOS:000388059800005 PM 27789148 ER PT J AU Garcia, MC Bastian, B Rossen, LM Anderson, R Minino, A Yoon, PW Faul, M Massetti, G Thomas, CC Hong, YL Iademarco, MF AF Garcia, Macarena C. Bastian, Brigham Rossen, Lauren M. Anderson, Robert Minino, Arialdi Yoon, Paula W. Faul, Mark Massetti, Greta Thomas, Cheryll C. Hong, Yuling Iademarco, Michael F. TI Potentially Preventable Deaths Among the Five Leading Causes of Death - United States, 2010 and 2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID OVERDOSE; DISEASE; DRUG C1 [Garcia, Macarena C.; Yoon, Paula W.; Iademarco, Michael F.] CDC, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bastian, Brigham; Rossen, Lauren M.; Anderson, Robert; Minino, Arialdi] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Faul, Mark] CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Massetti, Greta; Thomas, Cheryll C.; Hong, Yuling] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Garcia, MC (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcgarcia@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 18 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 45 BP 1245 EP 1255 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED1DX UT WOS:000388585500001 PM 27855145 ER PT J AU Pan, LP Freedman, DS Sharma, AJ Castellanos-Brown, K Park, S Smith, RB Blanck, HM AF Pan, Liping Freedman, David S. Sharma, Andrea J. Castellanos-Brown, Karen Park, Sohyun Smith, Ray B. Blanck, Heidi M. TI Trends in Obesity Among Participants Aged 2-4 Years in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children United States, 2000-2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD OBESITY C1 [Pan, Liping; Freedman, David S.; Sharma, Andrea J.; Park, Sohyun; Smith, Ray B.; Blanck, Heidi M.] CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Castellanos-Brown, Karen] Food & Nutr Serv, Special Nutr Res & Anal Div, USDA, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Pan, LP (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lpan@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 18 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 45 BP 1256 EP 1260 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED1DX UT WOS:000388585500002 PM 27855143 ER PT J AU Merai, R Siegel, C Rakotz, M Basch, P Wright, J Wong, B Thorpe, P AF Merai, Rikita Siegel, Claudia Rakotz, Michael Basch, Peter Wright, Janet Wong, Betty Thorpe, Phoebe TI CDC Grand Rounds: A Public Health Approach to Detect and Control Hypertension SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; DISEASE; UPDATE C1 [Merai, Rikita; Wright, Janet] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Merai, Rikita] IHRC Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Siegel, Claudia] Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Rakotz, Michael] Northwestern Mem Phys Grp, Chicago, IL USA. [Basch, Peter] MedStar Hlth, Columbia, MD USA. [Wong, Betty; Thorpe, Phoebe] CDC, Off Associate Director Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wright, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JWright2@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 18 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 45 BP 1261 EP 1264 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED1DX UT WOS:000388585500003 PM 27855138 ER PT J AU Beckles, GL Chou, CF AF Beckles, Gloria L. Chou, Chiu-Fang TI Disparities in the Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes - United States, 1999-2002 and 2011-2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Beckles, Gloria L.; Chou, Chiu-Fang] CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beckles, GL (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM glb4@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 18 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 45 BP 1265 EP 1269 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED1DX UT WOS:000388585500004 PM 27855140 ER PT J AU Casey, RM Dumolard, L Danovaro-Holliday, C Gacic-Dobo, M Diallo, MS Hampton, LM Wallace, AS AF Casey, Rebecca M. Dumolard, Laure Danovaro-Holliday, Carolina Gacic-Dobo, Marta Diallo, Mamadou S. Hampton, Lee M. Wallace, Aaron S. TI Global Routine Vaccination Coverage, 2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Casey, Rebecca M.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Casey, Rebecca M.; Hampton, Lee M.; Wallace, Aaron S.] CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dumolard, Laure; Danovaro-Holliday, Carolina; Gacic-Dobo, Marta] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, Geneva, Switzerland. [Diallo, Mamadou S.] United Nations Childrens Fund, Div Data Res & Policy, New York, NY USA. RP Casey, RM (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Casey, RM (reprint author), CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rcasey@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 18 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 45 BP 1270 EP 1273 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED1DX UT WOS:000388585500005 PM 27855146 ER PT J AU Vasquez, AM Lake, J Ngai, S Halbrook, M Vallabhaneni, S Keckler, MS Moulton-Meissner, H Lockhart, SR Lee, CT Perkins, K Perz, JF Antwi, M Moore, MS Greenko, J Adams, E Haas, J Elkind, S Berman, M Zavasky, D Chiller, T Ackelsberg, J AF Vasquez, Amber M. Lake, Jason Ngai, Stephanie Halbrook, Megan Vallabhaneni, Snigdha Keckler, M. Shannon Moulton-Meissner, Heather Lockhart, Shawn R. Lee, Christopher T. Perkins, Kiran Perz, Joseph F. Antwi, Mike Moore, Miranda S. Greenko, Jane Adams, Eleanor Haas, Janet Elkind, Sandra Berman, Marjorie Zavasky, Dani Chiller, Tom Ackelsberg, Joel TI Fungal Bloodstream Infections Associated with a Compounded Intravenous Medication at an Outpatient Oncology Clinic - New York City, 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Vasquez, Amber M.; Lake, Jason; Lee, Christopher T.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Vasquez, Amber M.; Lake, Jason; Keckler, M. Shannon; Moulton-Meissner, Heather; Perkins, Kiran; Perz, Joseph F.] CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ngai, Stephanie; Halbrook, Megan; Lee, Christopher T.; Antwi, Mike; Moore, Miranda S.; Ackelsberg, Joel] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Vallabhaneni, Snigdha; Lockhart, Shawn R.; Chiller, Tom] CDC, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Enter Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Keckler, M. Shannon] CDC, Lab Leadership Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Greenko, Jane; Adams, Eleanor] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Haas, Janet; Elkind, Sandra; Zavasky, Dani] Lenox Hill Hosp, Northwell Hlth Syst, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Berman, Marjorie] Northwell Hlth Syst, Northwell Hlth Labs, Great Neck, NY USA. RP Vasquez, AM (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Vasquez, AM (reprint author), CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM avasquez@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 18 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 45 BP 1274 EP 1275 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED1DX UT WOS:000388585500006 PM 27855144 ER PT J AU Eggleston, W Marraffa, JM Stork, CM Mercurio-Zappala, M Su, MK Wightman, RS Cummings, KR Schier, JG AF Eggleston, William Marraffa, Jeanna M. Stork, Christine M. Mercurio-Zappala, Maria Su, Mark K. Wightman, Rachel S. Cummings, Karen R. Schier, Joshua G. TI Cardiac Dysrhythmias After Loperamide Abuse - New York, 2008-2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Eggleston, William; Marraffa, Jeanna M.; Stork, Christine M.] Upstate New York Poison Ctr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Eggleston, William; Marraffa, Jeanna M.; Stork, Christine M.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Mercurio-Zappala, Maria; Su, Mark K.; Wightman, Rachel S.] New York City Poison Control Ctr, Syracuse, NY USA. [Cummings, Karen R.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Schier, Joshua G.] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eggleston, W (reprint author), Upstate New York Poison Ctr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.; Eggleston, W (reprint author), SUNY Upstate Med Univ Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM williamdeggleston@gmail.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 18 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 45 BP 1276 EP 1277 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ED1DX UT WOS:000388585500007 PM 27855148 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Reber, AJ Kumar, A Ramos, P Sica, G Music, N Guo, Z Mishina, M Stevens, J York, IA Jacob, J Sambhara, S AF Kim, Jin Hyang Reber, Adrian J. Kumar, Amrita Ramos, Patricia Sica, Gabriel Music, Nedzad Guo, Zhu Mishina, Margarita Stevens, James York, Ian A. Jacob, Joshy Sambhara, Suryaprakash TI Non-neutralizing antibodies induced by seasonal influenza vaccine prevent, not exacerbate A(H1N1)pdm09 disease SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS-INFECTION; CD8(+) T-CELLS; PANDEMIC H1N1 INFLUENZA; HETEROSUBTYPIC IMMUNITY; DENDRITIC CELLS; IN-VIVO; RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; LETHAL INFECTION; INCREASED RISK AB The association of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) with increased infection by 2009 pandemic H1N1 (A(H1N1)pdm09) virus, initially observed in Canada, has elicited numerous investigations on the possibility of vaccine-associated enhanced disease, but the potential mechanisms remain largely unresolved. Here, we investigated if prior immunization with TIV enhanced disease upon A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in mice. We found that A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in TIV-immunized mice did not enhance the disease, as measured by morbidity and mortality. Instead, TIV-immunized mice cleared A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and recovered at an accelerated rate compared to control mice. Prior TIV immunization was associated with potent inflammatory mediators and virus-specific CD8 T cell activation, but efficient immune regulation, partially mediated by IL-10R-signaling, prevented enhanced disease. Furthermore, in contrast to suggested pathological roles, pre-existing non-neutralizing antibodies (NNAbs) were not associated with enhanced virus replication, but rather with promoted antigen presentation through FcR-bearing cells that led to potent activation of virus-specific CD8 T cells. These findings provide new insights into interactions between pre-existing immunity and pandemic viruses. C1 [Kim, Jin Hyang; Reber, Adrian J.; Kumar, Amrita; Ramos, Patricia; Music, Nedzad; Guo, Zhu; Mishina, Margarita; Stevens, James; York, Ian A.; Sambhara, Suryaprakash] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Sica, Gabriel] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Mishina, Margarita] Batelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Jacob, Joshy] Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kim, Jin Hyang] 3805 Old Easton Rd, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.; Kim, JH (reprint author), 3805 Old Easton Rd, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA. EM jkim@arbutusbio.com OI York, Ian/0000-0002-3478-3344 FU Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We thank members of the Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch in the Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for providing reagents and constructive comments for this study. This work was supported by the Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the funding agencies. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 37341 DI 10.1038/srep37341 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC4FA UT WOS:000388080500001 PM 27849030 ER PT J AU Pilishvili, T Loo, JD Schrag, S Stanistreet, D Christensen, B Yip, F Nyagol, R Quick, R Sage, M Bruce, N AF Pilishvili, Tamara Loo, Jennifer D. Schrag, Stephanie Stanistreet, Debbi Christensen, Bryan Yip, Fuyuen Nyagol, Ronald Quick, Robert Sage, Mike Bruce, Nigel TI Effectiveness of Six Improved Cookstoves in Reducing Household Air Pollution and Their Acceptability in Rural Western Kenya SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER; GLOBAL BURDEN; INDOOR; EXPOSURE; STOVES; RISK; GUATEMALA; PNEUMONIA; KEROSENE; CHILDREN AB Background Household air pollution (HAP) from biomass fuel burning is linked to poor health outcomes. Improved biomass cookstoves (ICS) have the potential to improve HAP. Objectives A pre-/post-intervention study assessed the impact of six ICS on indoor air quality and acceptability of ICS to local users in rural Western Kenya. Methods We measured mean personal and kitchen level concentrations of particulate matter <2.5 mu m in diameter (PM2.5, mu g/m(3)) and carbon monoxide (CO, ppm) during the 48-hour period of each ICS use in 45 households. We compared these levels to those observed with traditional 3-stone fire (TSF) use. We assessed ICS acceptability through interviews and focus groups. We evaluated association of stove type, fuel use, and factors related to cooking practices with mean kitchen PM2.5 and CO using multivariable regression. Results Stove type, exclusive ICS use (vs. concurrent TSF use), and the amount of fuel used were independently associated with kitchen PM2.5 and CO levels. Reductions (95% CI) in mean PM2.5 compared to TSF, ranged by ICS from 11.9% (-2.8-24.5) to 42.3% (32.3-50.8). Reductions in kitchen CO compared to TSF, ranged by ICS from -5.8% (-21.9-8.2) to 34.5% (23.2-44.1). Mean kitchen PM2.5 ranged from 319 mu g/m(3) to 518 mu g/m(3) by ICS. Women thought ICS were easy to use, more efficient, produced less smoke, and cooked faster, compared to TSF. Women also reported limitations for each ICS. Conclusions We documented reductions in HAP from ICS compared to TSF. The PM2.5 levels with ICS use were still considerably higher than WHO indoor air quality guidelines. Achieving maximal potential of ICS requires adherence to more exclusive use and addressing user reported ICS limitations. C1 [Pilishvili, Tamara; Loo, Jennifer D.; Schrag, Stephanie; Christensen, Bryan; Yip, Fuyuen; Quick, Robert; Sage, Mike] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stanistreet, Debbi; Bruce, Nigel] Univ Liverpool, Dept Publ Hlth & Policy, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England. [Nyagol, Ronald] Safe Water & AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Pilishvili, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tpilishvili@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Morgan Stanley Foundation FX Funding for the study was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The Morgan Stanley Foundation. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Kenya Medical Research Institute (protocol number 2075) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (protocol number 6155). NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0165529 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0165529 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC0MG UT WOS:000387794600012 PM 27846224 ER PT J AU Han, GS Gregory, CJ Biggerstaff, BJ Horiuchi, K Perez-Guerra, C Soto-Gomez, E Matos, D Margolis, HS Tomashek, KM AF Han, George S. Gregory, Christopher J. Biggerstaff, Brad J. Horiuchi, Kalanthe Perez-Guerra, Carmen Soto-Gomez, Eunice Matos, Desiree Margolis, Harold S. Tomashek, Kay M. TI Effect of a Dengue Clinical Case Management Course on Physician Practices in Puerto Rico SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE dengue; clinical management; evaluation; key informant interview; Puerto Rico ID CONTINUING MEDICAL-EDUCATION; SHOCK SYNDROME; CORTICOSTEROIDS; EPIDEMIC; CHILDREN; DEATHS; HEALTH; IMPACT; CARE AB Background. Prior to 2010, the clinical management of dengue in Puerto Rico was inconsistent with World Health Organization guidelines. A 4-hour classroom-style course on dengue clinical management was developed in 2009 and mandated for Puerto Rico medical licensure in 2010. Fifty physicians were trained as "master trainers" and gave this course to 7638 physicians. This study evaluated the effect of the course on the clinical management of hospitalized dengue patients. Methods. Pre- and post-course test responses were compared. Changes in physician practices were assessed by reviewing medical records of 430 adult and 1075 pediatric dengue patients at the 12 hospitals in Puerto Rico that reported the most cases during 2008-2009 (pre-intervention) and 2011 (post-intervention). Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to compare key indicators of dengue management. Results. Physician test scores increased from 48% to 72% correct. Chart reviews showed that the percentage of adult patients who did not receive corticosteroids increased from 30% to 68% (odds ratio [OR], 5.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7-9.5) and from 91% to 96% in pediatric patients (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5-4.9). Usage of isotonic intravenous saline during the critical period increased from 57% to 90% in adult patients (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 1.9-20.4) and from 25% to 44% in pediatric patients (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.2-5.3). Conclusions. Management of dengue inpatients significantly improved following implementation of a classroom-style course taught by master trainers. An online version of the course was launched in 2014 to expand its reach and sustainability. C1 [Han, George S.; Gregory, Christopher J.; Perez-Guerra, Carmen; Soto-Gomez, Eunice; Matos, Desiree; Margolis, Harold S.; Tomashek, Kay M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR USA. [Biggerstaff, Brad J.; Horiuchi, Kalanthe] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Han, GS (reprint author), 976 Lenzen Ave, San Jose, CA 95126 USA. EM gshan21@gmail.com FU CDC FX This work was supported by the CDC. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 10 BP 1297 EP 1303 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw511 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ED0TI UT WOS:000388554500010 PM 27506689 ER PT J AU Havers, F Sokolow, L Shay, DK Farley, MM Monroe, M Meek, J Kirley, PD Bennett, NM Morin, C Aragon, D Thomas, A Schaffner, W Zansky, SM Baumbach, J Ferdinands, J Fry, AM AF Havers, Fiona Sokolow, Leslie Shay, David K. Farley, Monica M. Monroe, Maya Meek, James Kirley, Pam Daily Bennett, Nancy M. Morin, Craig Aragon, Deborah Thomas, Ann Schaffner, William Zansky, Shelley M. Baumbach, Joan Ferdinands, Jill Fry, Alicia M. TI Case-Control Study of Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Hospitalizations in Older Adults, United States, 2010-2011 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccination; influenza vaccine effectiveness; influenza-associated hospitalization; older adults ID TEST-NEGATIVE DESIGN; AGED GREATER-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-50 YEARS; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; SEASON; TRIVALENT; INFECTION; METAANALYSIS; POPULATION; MORTALITY AB Background. Older adults are at increased risk of influenza-associated complications, including hospitalization, but influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) data are limited for this population. We conducted a case-control study to estimate VE to prevent laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among adults aged >= 50 years in 11 US Emerging Infections Program hospitalization surveillance sites. Methods. Cases were influenza infections (confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) in adults aged >= 50 years hospitalized during the 2010-2011 influenza season, identified through Emerging Infections Program surveillance. Community controls, identified through home telephone lists, were matched by age group (+/- 5 years), county, and month of hospitalization for case patients. Vaccination status was determined by self-report (with location and date) or medical records. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted VE (aVE) estimates (100 x [1 - adjusted odds ratio]), adjusting for sex, race, socioeconomic factors, smoking, chronic medical conditions, recent hospitalization for a respiratory condition, and functional status. Results. Among case patients, 205 of 368 (55%) were vaccinated, compared with 489 of 773 controls (63%). Case patients were more likely to be of nonwhite race and more likely to have >= 2 chronic health conditions, a recent hospitalization for a respiratory condition, an income <$35 000, and a lower functional status score (P<.01 for all). The aVE was 56.8% (95% confidence interval, 34.1%-71.7%) and was similar across age groups, including adults >= 75 years (aVE, 57.3%; 15.9%-78.4%). Conclusions. During 2010-2011, influenza vaccination was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization among adults aged >= 50 years, regardless of age group. C1 [Havers, Fiona; Sokolow, Leslie; Shay, David K.; Ferdinands, Jill; Fry, Alicia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sokolow, Leslie] Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farley, Monica M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Farley, Monica M.] VA Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Monroe, Maya] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Meek, James] Yale Sch Publ Hlth, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Kirley, Pam Daily] Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. [Bennett, Nancy M.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, New York, NY USA. [Zansky, Shelley M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Morin, Craig] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Aragon, Deborah] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Thomas, Ann] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. [Schaffner, William] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Baumbach, Joan] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Havers, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fhavers@cdc.gov FU CDC FX This work was supported by the CDC. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 10 BP 1304 EP 1311 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw512 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ED0TI UT WOS:000388554500011 PM 27486114 ER PT J AU Tao, GY Hoover, KW Nye, MB Peters, P Gift, TL Peruvemba, R Body, BA AF Tao, Guoyu Hoover, Karen W. Nye, Melinda B. Peters, Philip Gift, Thomas L. Peruvemba, Ram Body, Barbara A. TI Rectal Infection With Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in Men in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE rectal specimens; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Chlamydia trachomatis; positivity; repeat testing ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; HIV INCIDENCE; PRIMARY-CARE; PREEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; EXTRAGENITAL GONORRHEA; SEX; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION; BARRIERS; WOMEN AB Background. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend at least annual rectal screening of men who have receptive anal intercourse for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). Only limited national data are available on the prevalence of rectal GC and CT infection among US men. Methods. In collaboration with a large US commercial laboratory, we estimated positivity of the first rectal GC and CT test ("index" test) in men aged 15-60 years tested between January 2013 and May 2015. We estimated the frequency and positivity of pharyngeal or urine specimens tested for GC and CT on the index date, and the frequency and positivity of repeat rectal testing or any follow-up testing at any anatomic site after the index date. Results. Of 52 063 tested men aged 15-60 years, approximately 6.1% were positive for GC only, 8.3% for CT only, and 2.7% for both GC and CT on their index date. On that date, 86.5% had either urine or pharyngeal specimens collected, and 56.1% had both specimens collected. Pharyngeal GC infection was highly associated with rectal GC infection. Follow-up testing after 12 months ranged from 42.4% among uninfected men to 56.7% among infected men on the index date. Positivity was at least 5.7% in rectal GC, rectal CT, or pharyngeal GC at their last test. Conclusions. This analysis of a large number of male rectal specimens tested for GC and CT suggest that routine testing and timely repeat rectal GC and CT testing should be prioritized among men who report receptive rectal sex. C1 [Tao, Guoyu; Gift, Thomas L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hoover, Karen W.; Peters, Philip] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nye, Melinda B.; Peruvemba, Ram; Body, Barbara A.] Lab Corp Amer Holdings, Burlington, NC USA. RP Tao, GY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gat3@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 10 BP 1325 EP 1331 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw594 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ED0TI UT WOS:000388554500015 PM 27572098 ER PT J AU Diallo, B Sissoko, D Loman, NJ Bah, HA Bah, H Worrell, MC Conde, LS Sacko, R Mesfin, S Loua, A Kalonda, JK Erondu, NA Dahl, BA Handrick, S Goodfellow, I Meredith, LW Cotten, M Jah, U Wadoum, REG Rollin, P Magassouba, N Malvy, D Anglaret, X Carroll, MW Aylward, RB Djingarey, MH Diarra, A Formenty, P Keita, S Gunther, S Rambaut, A Duraffour, S AF Diallo, Boubacar Sissoko, Daouda Loman, Nicholas J. Bah, Hadja Aissatou Bah, Hawa Worrell, Mary Claire Conde, Lya Saidou Sacko, Ramata Mesfin, Samuel Loua, Angelo Kalonda, Jacques Katomba Erondu, Ngozi A. Dahl, Benjamin A. Handrick, Susann Goodfellow, Ian Meredith, Luke W. Cotten, Matthew Jah, Umaru Wadoum, Raoul Emeric Guetiya Rollin, Pierre Magassouba, N'Faly Malvy, Denis Anglaret, Xavier Carroll, Miles W. Aylward, Raymond Bruce Djingarey, Mamoudou Harouna Diarra, Abdoulaye Formenty, Pierre Keita, Sakoba Guenther, Stephan Rambaut, Andrew Duraffour, Sophie TI Resurgence of Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea Linked to a Survivor With Virus Persistence in Seminal Fluid for More Than 500 Days SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ebola virus; sexual transmission; seminal fluid; real-time sequencing; Ebola virus persistence ID OUTBREAK AB We report on an Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivor who showed Ebola virus in seminal fluid 531 days after onset of disease. The persisting virus was sexually transmitted in February 2016, about 470 days after onset of symptoms, and caused a new cluster of EVD in Guinea and Liberia. C1 [Diallo, Boubacar; Bah, Hawa; Conde, Lya Saidou; Sacko, Ramata; Mesfin, Samuel; Loua, Angelo; Djingarey, Mamoudou Harouna; Diarra, Abdoulaye] WHO, Conakry, Guinea. [Sissoko, Daouda; Malvy, Denis; Anglaret, Xavier] Bordeaux Univ, INSERM, U1219, Bordeaux, France. [Sissoko, Daouda; Malvy, Denis] Bordeaux Univ Hosp, Bordeaux, France. [Loman, Nicholas J.] Univ Birmingham, Inst Microbiol & Infect, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Bah, Hadja Aissatou] Hop Donka & NZerekore, Lab Fievres Hemorrag Guinee, Conakry, Guinea. [Worrell, Mary Claire; Kalonda, Jacques Katomba; Erondu, Ngozi A.; Dahl, Benjamin A.; Rollin, Pierre] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC Guinea Response Tea, Conakry, Guinea. [Worrell, Mary Claire; Dahl, Benjamin A.] CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Handrick, Susann; Carroll, Miles W.; Guenther, Stephan; Duraffour, Sophie] European Mobile Lab Consortium, Hamburg, Germany. [Handrick, Susann; Guenther, Stephan; Duraffour, Sophie] Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, Bernhard Nocht Str 74, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany. [Goodfellow, Ian; Meredith, Luke W.] Univ Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hosp, Dept Pathol, Div Virol, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Goodfellow, Ian; Meredith, Luke W.; Jah, Umaru; Wadoum, Raoul Emeric Guetiya] Univ Makeni, Dept Publ Hlth, Makeni, Sierra Leone. [Cotten, Matthew] Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, England. [Wadoum, Raoul Emeric Guetiya] Univ Rome II Tor Vergata, Dept Biol, Rome, Italy. [Rollin, Pierre] CDC, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Magassouba, N'Faly] Univ Gamal Abdel Nasser Conakry, Lab Fievres Hemorrag Guinee, Conakry, Guinea. [Anglaret, Xavier] Treichville Univ Hosp, Agence Natl Rech Sida Res Site, Programme ANRS Cooperat Cote Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Carroll, Miles W.] Publ Hlth England, Salisbury, Wilts, England. [Carroll, Miles W.] Univ Southampton, South Gen Hosp, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Aylward, Raymond Bruce; Formenty, Pierre] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Keita, Sakoba] Minist Hlth, Conakry, Guinea. [Rambaut, Andrew] Univ Edinburgh, Ashworth Labs, Ctr Infect Immun & Evolut, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Duraffour, S (reprint author), Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, Bernhard Nocht Str 74, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany. EM sophieduraffour@yahoo.fr FU European Union [666100, 666092]; Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development [IFS/2011/272-372]; French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) [C15-101]; Wellcome Trust [097997/Z/11/A] FX This work was carried out in the context of the projects EVIDENT (Ebola virus disease: correlates of protection, determinants of outcome, and clinical management) and REACTION! that received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreements 666100 (to S. G.) and 666092 (to D. M.), respectively, and in the context of service contract IFS/2011/272-372 (to S. G.) funded by the Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development. The study was further supported by grant C15-101 from the French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) to D. S. Work at the University of Makeni was supported by funding from the Wellcome Trust to I. G. (097997/Z/11/A). NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 10 BP 1353 EP 1356 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw601 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ED0TI UT WOS:000388554500019 PM 27585800 ER PT J AU Mathison, BA Bishop, HS Sanborn, CR Souza, SD Bradbury, R AF Mathison, Blaine A. Bishop, Henry S. Sanborn, Chad R. Souza, Samaly dos Santos Bradbury, Richard TI Macracanthorhynchus ingens Infection in an 18-Month-Old Child in Florida: A Case Report and Review of Acanthocephaliasis in Humans SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE Macracanthorhynchus; acanthocephaliasis; pediatrics; zoonotic; Moniliformis AB A case of acanthocephaliasis in an 18-month-old child caused by Macracanthorhynchus ingens is reported from Florida. This represents only the third documented case of this species in a human host. An overview of human cases of acanthocephaliasis in the literature is presented, along with a review of the biology, clinical manifestations and pathology in the human host, morphology, and diagnosis. C1 [Mathison, Blaine A.; Bishop, Henry S.; Souza, Samaly dos Santos; Bradbury, Richard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Souza, Samaly dos Santos] IHRC Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sanborn, Chad R.] Palm Beach Childrens Hosp, Pediat Infect Dis, W Palm Beach, FL USA. RP Mathison, BA (reprint author), Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-64, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM gqa4@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 63 IS 10 BP 1357 EP 1359 DI 10.1093/cid/ciw543 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ED0TI UT WOS:000388554500020 PM 27501844 ER PT J AU Reber, AJ Kim, JH Coleman, LA Spencer, SM Chung, JR Chen, JF Gargiullo, P Sundaram, ME Belongia, EA Shay, DK Katz, JM Sambhara, S AF Reber, Adrian J. Kim, Jin Hyang Coleman, Laura A. Spencer, Sarah M. Chung, Jessie R. Chen, Jufu Gargiullo, Paul Sundaram, Maria E. Belongia, Edward A. Shay, David K. Katz, Jacqueline M. Sambhara, Suryaprakash TI Seasonal Influenza Vaccination of Children Induces Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity Beyond the Current Season: Cross-reactivity With Past and Future Strains SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE B cell; children; cross-reactivity; hemagglutination inhibition; immune response; influenza; T cell; vaccine ID MEMORY B-CELLS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CONFIRMED INFLUENZA; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; VIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; T-CELLS; VACCINES; PROTECTION; LIVE AB Background. Influenza viruses gradually accumulate point mutations, reducing the effectiveness of prior immune protection. Methods. Children aged 9-14 years received 2010-2011 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). Vaccination history, hem-agglutination-inhibition (HI) titers, and cell-mediated immune responses were assessed to investigate the cross-reactivity with past and future influenza virus strains. Results. 2010-2011 TIV induced significant T-cell responses and HI titers of >= 160, with a fold-rise of >= 4 and titers of >= 100 maintained for >7 months in the majority of children. Pre-existing memory B cells in these children differentiated quickly to antibody-secreting cells to the new vaccine antigens. Children vaccinated in the previous year maintained high HI titers well into 2010, demonstrating elevated HI titers against A/Perth/16/2009, the future (in 2010-2011) H3N2 component. Prior vaccination enhanced CD8(+) T-cell responses to A/Perth/16/2009. Children vaccinated with the prior 2009-2010 seasonal vaccine also demonstrated higher preexisting levels of interferon gamma-secreting CD4(+)CD69(+)T cells to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1). Children previously vaccinated with 2009-2010 seasonal influenza vaccine also showed greater expansion of tumor necrosis factor alpha-secreting CD8(+)CD69(+) T cells to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) upon vaccination in the 2010-2011 season than those who were not previously vaccinated. Conclusions. Seasonal influenza viruses continuously drift, which allows them to circumvent protective immunity, but conserved epitopes provide immunological cross-reactivity in children through either vaccination directly or through prime/boost in the prior influenza season. C1 [Reber, Adrian J.; Kim, Jin Hyang; Spencer, Sarah M.; Chung, Jessie R.; Chen, Jufu; Gargiullo, Paul; Shay, David K.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Sambhara, Suryaprakash] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Coleman, Laura A.; Sundaram, Maria E.; Belongia, Edward A.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI USA. [Kim, Jin Hyang] Arbutus Biopharma, Doylestown, PA USA. [Coleman, Laura A.] Abbott Nutr, Columbus, OH USA. [Sundaram, Maria E.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Reber, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jcu1@cdc.gov FU CDC FX This work was supported by the CDC. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 214 IS 10 BP 1477 EP 1486 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiw380 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ED0ZR UT WOS:000388573700005 PM 27571905 ER PT J AU Angelo, KM Reynolds, J Karp, BE Hoekstra, RM Scheel, CM Friedman, C AF Angelo, Kristina M. Reynolds, Jared Karp, Beth E. Hoekstra, Robert Michael Scheel, Christina M. Friedman, Cindy TI Antimicrobial Resistance Among Nontyphoidal Salmonella Isolated From Blood in the United States, 2003-2013 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; nontyphoidal Salmonella; antimicrobial resistance; bacteremia ID STREAM INFECTIONS; INCREASED RISK; SEROTYPE; ENTERICA; AZITHROMYCIN; TYPHIMURIUM; OUTCOMES; FOODNET; ILLNESS; ADULTS AB Background. Salmonella causes an estimated 100 000 antimicrobial-resistant infections annually in the United States. Salmonella antimicrobial resistance may result in bacteremia and poor outcomes. We describe antimicrobial resistance among nontyphoidal Salmonella blood isolates, using data from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Methods. Human nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates from 2003 to 2013 were classified as fully susceptible, resistant to >= 1 antimicrobial agent, or resistant to a first-line agent. Logistic regression was used to compare resistance patterns, serotypes, and patient characteristics for Salmonella isolated from blood versus stool and to determine resistance trends over time. Results. Approximately 20% of blood isolates had antimicrobial resistance to a first-line treatment agent. Bacteremia was associated with male sex, age >= 65 years, and specific serotypes. Blood isolates were more likely to be resistant to >= 1 agent for serotypes Enteritidis, Javiana, Pa tetracycline (19%), and more likely resistant to a first-line agent (odds ranama, and Typhimurium. Blood isolates were most commonly resistant totio, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.56-2.11) than stool isolates. Ceftriaxone resistance increased in blood isolates from 2003 to 2013 (odd ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.22). Conclusions. Resistance to first-line treatment agents in patients with Salmonella bacteremia is a concern for public health and for informing clinical decisions. Judicious antimicrobial use is crucial to limit resistance. C1 [Angelo, Kristina M.; Reynolds, Jared; Karp, Beth E.; Hoekstra, Robert Michael; Scheel, Christina M.; Friedman, Cindy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Angelo, KM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-03, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM kangelo@cdc.gov FU US FDA FX NARMS is funded in part by the US FDA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 214 IS 10 BP 1565 EP 1570 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiw415 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ED0ZR UT WOS:000388573700016 PM 27609807 ER PT J AU Grad, YH Harris, SR Kirkcaldy, RD Green, AG Marks, DS Bentley, SD Trees, D Lipsitch, M AF Grad, Yonatan H. Harris, Simon R. Kirkcaldy, Robert D. Green, Anna G. Marks, Debora S. Bentley, Stephen D. Trees, David Lipsitch, Marc TI Genomic Epidemiology of Gonococcal Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins, Macrolides, and Fluoroquinolones in the United States, 2000-2013 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Neisseria gonorrhoeae; gonorrhea; antibiotic resistance; genomic epidemiology; molecular diagnostics; cephalosporins; macrolides; fluoroquinolones ID DISEASES TREATMENT GUIDELINES; TIME PCR ASSAY; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; MUTATIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; AZITHROMYCIN; SELECTION; CEFIXIME AB Background. Treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection is empirical and based on population-wide susceptibilities. Increasing antimicrobial resistance underscores the potential importance of rapid diagnostic tests, including sequence-based tests, to guide therapy. However, the usefulness of sequence-based diagnostic tests depends on the prevalence and dynamics of the resistance mechanisms. Methods. We define the prevalence and dynamics of resistance markers to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones in 1102 resistant and susceptible clinical N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected from 2000 to 2013 via the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project. Results. Reduced extended-spectrum cephalosporin susceptibility is predominantly clonal and associated with the mosaic penA XXXIV allele and derivatives (sensitivity 98% for cefixime and 91% for ceftriaxone), but alternative resistance mechanisms have sporadically emerged. Reduced azithromycin susceptibility has arisen through multiple mechanisms and shows limited clonal spread; the basis for resistance in 36% of isolates with reduced azithromycin susceptibility is unclear. Quinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae has arisen multiple times, with extensive clonal spread. Conclusions. Quinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae and reduced cefixime susceptibility appear amenable to development of sequence-based diagnostic tests, whereas the undefined mechanisms of resistance to ceftriaxone and azithromycin underscore the importance of phenotypic surveillance. The identification of multidrug-resistant isolates highlights the need for additional measures to respond to the threat of untreatable gonorrhea. C1 [Grad, Yonatan H.; Lipsitch, Marc] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lipsitch, Marc] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Communicable Dis Dynam, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Grad, Yonatan H.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Grad, Yonatan H.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. [Green, Anna G.; Marks, Debora S.] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Syst Biol, Boston, MA USA. [Kirkcaldy, Robert D.; Trees, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Harris, Simon R.; Bentley, Stephen D.] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Hinxton, England. [Bentley, Stephen D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Med, Cambridge, England. [Bentley, Stephen D.] Addenbrookes Hosp, Cambridge, England. RP Grad, YH (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 1,Rm 715, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ygrad@hsph.harvard.edu FU Wellcome Trust [098051]; NIH [K08-AI104767, GM106303]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [U54GM088558]; National Science Foundation [DGE1144152]; CDC; CDC's Office of Advanced Molecular Detection [AMD-18] FX This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant 098051 to the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute), the NIH (grant K08-AI104767 to Y. H. G. and grant GM106303 to D. S. M.), the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (cooperative agreement U54GM088558 to M. L.), the National Science Foundation (graduate research fellowship DGE1144152 to A. G. G.), and the CDC and the CDC's Office of Advanced Molecular Detection (support AMD-18 to D. L. T. and R. D. K.). NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 214 IS 10 BP 1579 EP 1587 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiw420 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ED0ZR UT WOS:000388573700018 PM 27638945 ER PT J AU Botelho, JC Ribera, A Cooper, HC Vesper, HW AF Botelho, Julianne Cook Ribera, Ashley Cooper, Hans C. Vesper, Hubert W. TI Evaluation of an Isotope Dilution HPLC Tandem Mass Spectrometry Candidate Reference Measurement Procedure for Total 17-beta Estradiol in Human Serum SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENDOGENOUS SEX-HORMONES; BREAST-CANCER RISK; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ENDOMETRIAL CANCER; STEROID-HORMONES; TESTOSTERONE; STANDARDIZATION; CHALLENGES; ESTROGENS; ESTRONE AB The inaccuracy of 17-beta estradiol (E2) measurements affects its use as a biomarker in patient care and research. Clinical and research communities called for accurate and standardized E2 measurements. Reference Measurement Procedures (RMPs), part of the CDC Hormone Standardization Program (HoSt), are essential in addressing this need and ensuring that methods are accurate and comparable across testing systems, laboratories, and over time. A candidate RMP (cRMP) was developed for the measurement of total E2 in serum using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) without derivatization. The cRMP meets suggested performance criteria for accuracy and precision through the use of isotope dilution, calibrator bracketing, and gravimetric measurements. The cRMP demonstrated high agreement with certified reference materials (no significant bias to BCR576, 377, and 578) and established RMPs (slope 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.01; intercept 0.02, 93% CI -0.01 to 0.06). The cRMP is highly precise with intra-assay, interassay, and total percent CVs of 2.7%, 1.3%, and 2.4%, respectively. A higher specificity was achieved by measuring E2 without derivatization, compared to methods using derivatization agents. The cRMP can serve as a higher-order standard for establishing measurement traceability and provides an accuracy base against which routine methods can be compared in HoSt. C1 [Botelho, Julianne Cook; Ribera, Ashley; Cooper, Hans C.; Vesper, Hubert W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, Clin Chem Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, Clin Chem Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM HVesper@cdc.gov FU Division of Laboratory Science at the CDC; CDC Foundation; CDC PBL/LRL; Endocrine Society; AACC; Partnership for the Accurate Testing of Hormones (PATH) FX The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Division of Laboratory Science at the CDC, the CDC Foundation, Drs. Linda Thienpont and Kathleen Van Uytfanghe from the University of Ghent, CDC Hormone Laboratory members Otoe Sugahara, Jacob Farris, Lumi Duke, Paul Kim, Brandon Laughlin, Susan Ma, Krista Poynter, Christopher Ghattas, Dr. Uliana Danilenko, and CDC PBL/LRL. In addition, the authors would like to acknowledge The Endocrine Society, AACC, and the Partnership for the Accurate Testing of Hormones (PATH) for their support. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 88 IS 22 BP 11123 EP 11129 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03220 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EC5EA UT WOS:000388154700050 PM 27744701 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Pavkov, ME AF Kahn, Henry S. Pavkov, Meda E. TI Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Development of Chronic Kidney Disease SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Kahn, Henry S.; Pavkov, Meda E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Kahn, HS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 EI 1539-3704 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 165 IS 10 BP 743 EP 743 DI 10.7326/L16-0407 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EC2RB UT WOS:000387970500026 PM 27842407 ER PT J AU Iachan, R Pierannunzi, C Healey, K Greenlund, KJ Town, M AF Iachan, Ronaldo Pierannunzi, Carol Healey, Kristie Greenlund, Kurt J. Town, Machell TI National weighting of data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) SO BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRFSS; Survey sampling; Weighting ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; OBESITY; TRENDS; US AB Background: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a network of health-related telephone surveys-conducted by all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and participating US territories-that receive technical assistance from CDC. Data users often aggregate BRFSS state samples for national estimates without accounting for state-level sampling, a practice that could introduce bias because the weighted distributions of the state samples do not always adhere to national demographic distributions. Methods: This article examines six methods of reweighting, which are then compared with key health indicator estimates from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) based on 2013 data. Results: Compared to the usual stacking approach, all of the six new methods reduce the variance of weights and design effect at the national level, and some also reduce the estimated bias. This article also provides a comparison of the methods based on the variances induced by unequal weighting as well as the bias reduction induced by raking at the national level, and recommends a preferred method. Conclusions: The new method leads to weighted distributions that more accurately reproduce national demographic characteristics. While the empirical results for key estimates were limited to a few health indicators, they also suggest reduction in potential bias and mean squared error. To the extent that survey outcomes are associated with these demographic characteristics, matching the national distributions will reduce bias in estimates of these outcomes at the national level. C1 [Iachan, Ronaldo; Healey, Kristie] ICF Int, 530 Gaither Rd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Pierannunzi, Carol; Greenlund, Kurt J.; Town, Machell] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Iachan, R (reprint author), ICF Int, 530 Gaither Rd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM Ronaldo.Iachan@icf.com FU ICF's management FX We are grateful for the support of ICF's management for this research. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2288 J9 BMC MED RES METHODOL JI BMC Med. Res. Methodol. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 155 DI 10.1186/s12874-016-0255-7 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA EC2GD UT WOS:000387926800001 PM 27842500 ER PT J AU Kim, JL Henneberger, PK Lohman, S Olin, AC Dahlman-Hoglund, A Andersson, E Toren, K Holm, M AF Kim, Jeong-Lim Henneberger, Paul K. Lohman, Susanna Olin, Anna-Carin Dahlman-Hoglund, Anna Andersson, Eva Toren, Kjell Holm, Mathias TI Impact of occupational exposures on exacerbation of asthma: a population-based asthma cohort study SO BMC PULMONARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Asthma; Exacerbation; Job exposure matrix; Occupational exposure; Work exacerbated asthma; Workplace ID THORACIC-SOCIETY STATEMENT; WORK AGGRAVATED ASTHMA; GENERAL-POPULATION; NORTHERN EUROPE; ONSET ASTHMA; PREVALENCE; ADOLESCENTS; SYMPTOMS; ADULTS; RHINE AB Background: Asthma is a prevalent chronic disease and occupation contributes to approximately 15 % of cases among adults. However, there are still few studies on risk factors for work-exacerbated asthma. The current study investigated the association between asthma exacerbations and occupational exposures. Methods: The study comprised all currently working adults (n = 1356) who reported ever asthma in prior population-based cohorts. All subjects completed a questionnaire about exposures, occupations and exacerbations of asthma. Exposure to high and low molecular weight agents, irritating agents and asthmagens were classified using the asthma-specific job exposure matrix for northern Europe (N-JEM). Severe exacerbation of asthma was defined as sought emergency care at a hospital, admitted to a hospital overnight, or made an urgent visit to a primary care physician or district medical office due to breathing problems during the last 12 months. Moderate exacerbation was defined as both being not severe exacerbation and an additional visit to a primary care physician or district medical office, or had extra treatments with corticosteroid tablets. Mild exacerbation was defined as being neither severe nor moderate exacerbation, and increasing usage of inhaled corticosteroids. Multiple logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between exacerbation of asthma and occupational exposures while adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Approximately 26 % of the working asthmatics reported exacerbation, and more than two-thirds of them had moderate or severe exacerbation. From 23 to 49 % of the asthmatics reported occupational exposure to a variety of different types of agents. Exposure to any gas, smoke or dust (OR 1.7[95 % CI 1.2-2.6]) was associated with severe exacerbation of asthma, as were organic dust (OR 1.7[1.2-2.5]), dampness and mold (OR 1.8[1.2-2.7]), cold conditions (OR 1.7[1.1-2.7]), and a physically strenuous job (OR 1.6[1.03-2.3]). Asthmagens and low molecular weight agents classified by the N-JEM were associated with mild exacerbation, with OR 1.6[1.1-2.5] and OR 2.2[1.1-4.4], respectively. Conclusions: Self-reported exposure to any gas, smoke or dust, organic dust, dampness and mold, cold conditions and physically strenuous work, and jobs handling low molecular weight agents were associated with exacerbation of asthma. Reduction of these occupational exposures may help to reduce exacerbation of asthma. C1 [Kim, Jeong-Lim; Lohman, Susanna; Olin, Anna-Carin; Dahlman-Hoglund, Anna; Andersson, Eva; Toren, Kjell; Holm, Mathias] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Sect Occupat & Environm Med, Box 414S, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Henneberger, Paul K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Kim, JL (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Sect Occupat & Environm Med, Box 414S, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM jeong-lim.kim@amm.gu.se FU Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE) FX The study was supported by the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE). NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2466 J9 BMC PULM MED JI BMC Pulm. Med. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 148 DI 10.1186/s12890-016-0306-1 PG 9 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA EC3OT UT WOS:000388036200001 PM 27842581 ER PT J AU Polis, CB Curtis, KM Hannaford, PC Phillips, SJ Chipato, T Kiarie, JN Westreich, DJ Steyn, PS AF Polis, Chelsea B. Curtis, Kathryn M. Hannaford, Philip C. Phillips, Sharon J. Chipato, Tsungai Kiarie, James N. Westreich, Daniel J. Steyn, Petrus S. TI An updated systematic review of epidemiological evidence on hormonal contraceptive methods and HIV acquisition in women SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE contraceptive implants; depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; HIV acquisition; hormonal contraception; injectable contraception; norethisterone enanthate; oral contraception; systematic review ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SOUTH-AFRICAN WOMEN; SEX WORKERS; RISK-FACTORS; MATERNAL MORTALITY; DISCORDANT COUPLES; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; COMPETING RISKS AB Objective and design: Some studies suggest that specific hormonal contraceptive methods [particularly depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)] may increase women's HIV acquisition risk. We updated a systematic review to incorporate recent epidemiological data. Methods: We searched for articles published between 15 January 2014 and 15 January 2016 and hand-searched reference lists. We identified longitudinal studies comparing users of a specific hormonal contraceptive method against either nonusers of hormonal contraception or users of another specific hormonal contraceptive method. We added newly identified studies to those in the previous review, assessed study quality, created forest plots to display results, and conducted a meta-analysis for data on DMPA versus non-use of hormonal contraception. Results: We identified 10 new reports of which five were considered 'unlikely to inform the primary question'. We focus on the other five reports, along with nine from the previous review, which were considered 'informative but with important limitations'. The preponderance of data for oral contraceptive pills, injectable norethisterone enanthate, and levonorgestrel implants do not suggest an association with HIV acquisition, though data for implants are limited. The new, higher quality studies on DMPA (or nondisaggregated injectables), which had mixed results in terms of statistical significance, had hazard ratios between 1.2 and 1.7, consistent with our meta-analytic estimate for all higher quality studies of hazard ratio 1.4. Conclusion: Although confounding in these observational data cannot be excluded, new information increases concerns about DMPA and HIV acquisition risk in women. If the association is causal, the magnitude of effect is likely hazard ratio 1.5 or less. Data for other hormonal contraceptive methods, including norethisterone enanthate, are largely reassuring. Copyright (C) 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Polis, Chelsea B.] Guttmacher Inst, 125 Maiden Lane,7th Floor, New York, NY 10038 USA. [Polis, Chelsea B.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Curtis, Kathryn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hannaford, Philip C.] Univ Aberdeen, Ctr Primary Acad Care, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. [Phillips, Sharon J.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Chipato, Tsungai] Univ Zimbabwe, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Kiarie, James N.; Steyn, Petrus S.] WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, Geneva, Switzerland. [Westreich, Daniel J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Polis, CB (reprint author), Guttmacher Inst, 125 Maiden Lane,7th Floor, New York, NY 10038 USA. EM cpolis@guttmacher.org FU NIH [DP2-HD-08-4070] FX We are grateful to Sharon Achilles for her thoughtful input related to describing potential biological mechanisms, and to all study investigators who provided additional information about their analyses. WHO provided support for the writing of this systmatic review and for the writing group to attend a working meeting in Geneva, Switzerland in October 2015. D.J.W. was partially funded by NIH DP2-HD-08-4070. The review was conducted independently of the WHO guidance development process; and conclusions represent the independent opinions of the authors. The findings and conclusions in this article do not necessarily reflect the positions and policies of the donor. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 13 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 17 BP 2665 EP 2683 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001228 PG 19 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA EB2QF UT WOS:000387206200013 PM 27500670 ER PT J AU Kim, AA Mukui, I Young, PW Mirjahangir, J Mwanyumba, S Wamicwe, J Bowen, N Wiesner, L Ng'ang'a, L De Cock, KM AF Kim, Andrea A. Mukui, Irene Young, Peter W. Mirjahangir, Joy Mwanyumba, Sophie Wamicwe, Joyce Bowen, Nancy Wiesner, Lubbe Ng'ang'a, Lucy De Cock, Kevin M. CA KAIS Study Grp TI Undisclosed HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy use in the Kenya AIDS indicator survey 2012: relevance to national targets for HIV diagnosis and treatment SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; HIV diagnosis; HIV surveillance; Kenya; self-reported data; sub-Saharan Africa; viral load ID TRIAL; SUPPRESSION; PREVENTION AB Objectives: This analysis assessed the impact of undisclosed HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on national estimates of diagnosed HIV and ART coverage in Kenya. Methods: HIV-positive dried blood spot samples from Kenya's second AIDS Indicator Survey were tested for an antiretroviral biomarker by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Weighted estimates of diagnosed HIV and ART coverage based on self-report were compared with those corrected for undisclosed HIV infection and ART use based on antiretroviral test results. Multivariate analysis determined factors associated with undisclosed HIV infection and ART use among persons on ART. Results: The antiretroviral biomarker was detected in 42.5% [confidence interval (CI) 37.4-47.7] of HIV-infected persons. Antiretroviral drugs were present in 90.7% (CI 86.1-95.2) of HIV-infected persons reporting HIV-positive status and receiving ART, 66.7% (CI 59.9-73.4) reporting HIV-positive status irrespective of ART use, 21.0% (CI 13.4-28.6) reporting HIV-negative status, and 19.3% (CI 9.0-29.5) reporting no previous HIV test. After correcting for undisclosed HIV infection and ART use, diagnosed HIV increased from 46.9 to 57.2% and ART coverage increased from 31.8 to 42.8%. Undisclosed HIV infection while on ART was associated with being aged 25-39 years and not visiting a health provider in the past year, while younger age and higher wealth were associated with undisclosed ART use. Conclusion: Substantial levels of undisclosed HIV infection and ART use among persons on ART were observed, resulting in diagnosed HIV underestimated by approximately 112000 persons and ART coverage by approximately 131000 persons. Supplementing self-reported ART status with objectivemeasures of ART use in national population-based serosurveys can improve monitoring of HIV diagnosis and treatment targets in countries. Copyright (C) 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Andrea A.; Young, Peter W.; Ng'ang'a, Lucy; De Cock, Kevin M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV & TB, Ctr Global Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mukui, Irene; Wamicwe, Joyce] Minist Hlth, Natl AIDS & STI Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mirjahangir, Joy] Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Mwanyumba, Sophie; Bowen, Nancy] Minist Hlth, Natl Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Nairobi, Kenya. [Wiesner, Lubbe] Univ Cape Town, Fac Hlth Sci, Div Clin Pharmacol, Cape Town, South Africa. RP Kim, AA (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV & TB, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aakim@cdc.gov FU US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis [PS001805, GH000069, PS001814]; Global Fund; World Bank; Joint United Nations Team for HIV/AIDS; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [UM1 AI068634, UM1 AI068636, UM1 AI106701] FX This publication was made possible by support from the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through cooperative agreements [#PS001805, GH000069, and PS001814] through the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis. This work was also funded in part by support from the Global Fund, World Bank, and the Joint United Nations Team for HIV/AIDS. Antiretroviral drug analysis reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UM1 AI068634, UM1 AI068636 and UM1 AI106701. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 13 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 17 BP 2685 EP 2695 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001227 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA EB2QF UT WOS:000387206200014 PM 27782965 ER PT J AU Jamal, A King, BA Neff, LJ Whitmill, J Babb, SD Graffunder, CM AF Jamal, Ahmed King, Brian A. Neff, Linda J. Whitmill, Jennifer Babb, Stephen D. Graffunder, Corinne M. TI Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults - United States, 2005-2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Jamal, Ahmed; King, Brian A.; Neff, Linda J.; Whitmill, Jennifer; Babb, Stephen D.; Graffunder, Corinne M.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jamal, A (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ajamal@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 44 BP 1205 EP 1211 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC3XJ UT WOS:000388060100002 PM 27832052 ER PT J AU Lipsitch, M Barclay, W Raman, R Russell, CJ Belser, JA Cobey, S Kasson, PM Lloyd-Smith, JO Maurer-Stroh, S Riley, S Beauchemin, CAA Bedford, T Friedrich, TC Handel, A Herfst, S Murcia, PR Roche, B Wilke, CO Russell, CA AF Lipsitch, Marc Barclay, Wendy Raman, Rahul Russell, Charles J. Belser, Jessica A. Cobey, Sarah Kasson, Peter M. Lloyd-Smith, James O. Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian Riley, Steven Beauchemin, Catherine A. A. Bedford, Trevor Friedrich, Thomas C. Handel, Andreas Herfst, Sander Murcia, Pablo R. Roche, Benjamin Wilke, Claus O. Russell, Colin A. TI Viral factors in influenza pandemic risk assessment SO ELIFE LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-BINDING PROPERTIES; UPPER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; SINGLE AMINO-ACID; A H7N9 VIRUS; MEMBRANE-FUSION; HEMAGGLUTININ PROTEIN; HONG-KONG; POULTRY WORKERS; HUMAN INFECTION; A(H7N9) VIRUS AB The threat of an influenza A virus pandemic stems from continual virus spillovers from reservoir species, a tiny fraction of which spark sustained transmission in humans. To date, no pandemic emergence of a new influenza strain has been preceded by detection of a closely related precursor in an animal or human. Nonetheless, influenza surveillance efforts are expanding, prompting a need for tools to assess the pandemic risk posed by a detected virus. The goal would be to use genetic sequence and/or biological assays of viral traits to identify those non-human influenza viruses with the greatest risk of evolving into pandemic threats, and/or to understand drivers of such evolution, to prioritize pandemic prevention or response measures. We describe such efforts, identify progress and ongoing challenges, and discuss three specific traits of influenza viruses (hemagglutinin receptor binding specificity, hemagglutinin pH of activation, and polymerase complex efficiency) that contribute to pandemic risk. C1 [Lipsitch, Marc] Harvard TH Chan Sch Pub Hlth, Ctr Communicable Dis Dynam, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lipsitch, Marc] Harvard TH Chan Sch Pub Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lipsitch, Marc] Harvard TH Chan Sch Pub Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Barclay, Wendy] Imperial Coll, Fac Med, Div Infect Dis, London, England. [Raman, Rahul] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Koch Inst Intergrat Canc Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Russell, Charles J.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Belser, Jessica A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cobey, Sarah] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kasson, Peter M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Biomed Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Kasson, Peter M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Lloyd-Smith, James O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Lloyd-Smith, James O.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian] Agcy Sci Technol & Res, Bioinformat Inst, Singapore, Singapore. [Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian] Minist Hlth, Communicable Dis Div, Natl Publ Hlth Lab, Singapore, Singapore. [Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Singapore, Singapore. [Riley, Steven] Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, MRC Ctr Outbreak Anal & Modelling, London, England. [Riley, Steven] Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. [Beauchemin, Catherine A. A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bedford, Trevor] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Vaccine & Infect Dis Div, 1124 Columbia St, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Friedrich, Thomas C.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Handel, Andreas] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Edidemiol & Biostat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Herfst, Sander] Erasmus MC, Dept Virosci, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Murcia, Pablo R.] MRC Univ Glasgow, Ctr Virus Res, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Roche, Benjamin] IRD UPMC UMMISCO, Montpellier, France. [Wilke, Claus O.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Ctr Computat Biol & Bioinformat, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wilke, Claus O.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Russell, Colin A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Cambridge, England. RP Lipsitch, M (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Pub Hlth, Ctr Communicable Dis Dynam, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; Lipsitch, M (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Pub Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; Lipsitch, M (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Pub Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mlipsitc@hsph.harvard.edu OI Lipsitch, Marc/0000-0003-1504-9213 FU National Institutes of Health [U54 GM088558, R01 GM098304, R01 GM088344]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance [HHSN272201400006C]; National Health and Medical Research Council [12/1/06/24/5793]; Agency for Science, Technology and Research [12/1/06/24/5793]; Wellcome [093488/Z/10/Z, 200187/Z/15/Z, 200861/Z/16/Z]; Medical Research Council [MR/J008761/1, G0801822]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [MIDAS U01 GM110721-01]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [355837-2013]; Ministry of Research and Innovation of Ontario [ER13-09-040]; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek VIDI grant [91715372]; Royal Society University FX National Institutes of Health U54 GM088558 Marc Lipsitch; National Institutes of Health RAPIDD program, Science and Technology Directorate, U.S Department of Homeland Security, and the Fogarty International Center Marc Lipsitch; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (Contract HHSN272201400006C) Charles J Russel; National Institutes of Health R01 GM098304 Peter M Kasson; National Health and Medical Research Council 12/1/06/24/5793 Sebastian Maurer-Stroh; Agency for Science, Technology and Research 12/1/06/24/5793 Sebastian Maurer-Stroh; Wellcome Project 093488/Z/10/Z Steven Riley; Wellcome 200187/Z/15/Z Steven Riley; Wellcome 200861/Z/16/Z Steven Riley; Medical Research Council MR/J008761/1 Steven Riley; National Institute of General Medical Sciences MIDAS U01 GM110721-01 Steven Riley; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada 355837-2013 Catherine AA Beauchemin; Ministry of Research and Innovation of Ontario ER13-09-040 Catherine AA Beauchemin; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek VIDI grant 91715372 Sander Herfst; Medical Research Council G0801822 Pablo R Murcia; National Institutes of Health R01 GM088344 Claus O Wilke; Royal Society University Research Fellowship Colin A Russell; The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication. NR 240 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA SHERATON HOUSE, CASTLE PARK, CAMBRIDGE, CB3 0AX, ENGLAND SN 2050-084X J9 ELIFE JI eLife PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 5 AR e18491 DI 10.7554/eLife.18491 PG 38 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EG8AB UT WOS:000391276700001 ER PT J AU Henley, SJ Thomas, CC Sharapova, SR Momin, B Massetti, GM Winn, DM Armour, BS Richardson, LC AF Henley, S. Jane Thomas, Cheryll C. Sharapova, Saida R. Momin, Behnoosh Massetti, Greta M. Winn, Deborah M. Armour, Brian S. Richardson, Lisa C. TI Vital Signs: Disparities in Tobacco-Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality - United States, 2004-2013 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID AFFORDABLE CARE ACT; SMOKING; DEATHS AB Background: Tobacco use causes at least 12 types of cancer and is the leading preventable cause of cancer.. Methods: Data from the United States Cancer Statistics dataset for 2004-2013 were used to assess incidence and death rates and trends for cancers that can be caused by tobacco use (tobacco-related cancers: oral cavity and pharynx; esophagus; stomach; colon and rectum; liver; pancreas; larynx; lung, bronchus, and trachea; kidney and renal pelvis; urinary bladder; cervix; and acute myeloid leukemia) by sex, age, race, ethnicity; state, county-level poverty and educational attainment, and cancer site: Results: Each year during 2009-2013, on average, 660,000 persons in the United States received a diagnosis of a tobacco-related cancer, and 343,000 persons died from these cancers. Tobacco-related cancer incidence and death rates were higher among men than women; highest among black men and women; higher in counties with low proportion of college graduates or high level of poverty; lowest in the West; and differed two-fold among states. During 2004-2013, incidence of tobacco-related cancer decreased 1.3% per year and mortality decreased 1.6% per year, with decreases observed across most groups, hot not at the same rate. Conclusions: Tobacco-related cancer declined during 2004-2013. However, the burden remains high, and disparities persist among certain groups with higher rates or slower declines in rates. Implications far Public Health Practice: The burden of tobacco-related cancers can be reduced through efforts to prevent and control tobacco use and other comprehensive cancer control efforts focused on reducing cancer risk, detecting cancer early, improving cancer treatments, helping more persons survive cancer, and improving cancer survivors' quality of life, and better assisting communities disproportionately impacted by cancer. C1 [Henley, S. Jane; Thomas, Cheryll C.; Momin, Behnoosh; Massetti, Greta M.; Richardson, Lisa C.] CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sharapova, Saida R.; Armour, Brian S.] CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Winn, Deborah M.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Henley, SJ (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM shenley@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 44 BP 1212 EP 1218 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC3XJ UT WOS:000388060100003 PM 27832048 ER PT J AU Lozier, M Adams, L Febo, MF Torres-Aponte, J Bello-Pagan, M Ryff, KR Munoz-Jordan, J Garcia, M Rivera, A Read, JS Waterman, SH Sharp, TM Rivera-Garcia, B AF Lozier, Matthew Adams, Laura Febo, Mitchelle Flores Torres-Aponte, Jomil Bello-Pagan, Melissa Ryff, Kyle R. Munoz-Jordan, Jorge Garcia, Myriam Rivera, Aidsa Read, Jennifer S. Waterman, Stephen H. Sharp, Tyler M. Rivera-Garcia, Brenda TI Incidence of Zika Virus Disease by Age and Sex - Puerto Rico, November 1, 2015-October 20, 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSMISSION C1 [Lozier, Matthew; Adams, Laura; Febo, Mitchelle Flores; Munoz-Jordan, Jorge; Rivera, Aidsa; Read, Jennifer S.; Waterman, Stephen H.; Sharp, Tyler M.] CDC, Div Vector Borne Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Febo, Mitchelle Flores; Torres-Aponte, Jomil; Bello-Pagan, Melissa; Ryff, Kyle R.; Rivera-Garcia, Brenda] Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol & Res, San Juan, PR USA. [Garcia, Myriam] Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, Biol & Chem Emergencies Lab, Off Publ Hlth Preparedness & Response, San Juan, PR USA. [Garcia, Myriam] Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, San Juan, PR USA. RP Lozier, M (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mlozier@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 44 BP 1219 EP 1223 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC3XJ UT WOS:000388060100004 PM 27832051 ER PT J AU Pugh, MJ Van Cott, AC Amuan, M Baca, C Rutecki, P Zack, MM Kobau, R AF Pugh, Mary Jo Van Cott, Anne C. Amuan, Megan Baca, Christine Rutecki, Paul Zack, Matthew M. Kobau, Rosemarie TI Epilepsy Among Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans - United States, 2002-2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Editorial Material ID MORTALITY; PEOPLE C1 [Pugh, Mary Jo] South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, US Dept Vet Affairs, Epilepsy Ctr Excellence, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Pugh, Mary Jo] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Van Cott, Anne C.] VA Pittsburgh Hlth Care Syst, US Dept Vet Affairs, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Van Cott, Anne C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Amuan, Megan] Edith Nourse Rogers Mem Vet Hosp, Bedford, MA USA. [Baca, Christine] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Rutecki, Paul] Univ Wisconsin, US Dept Vet Affairs, Epilepsy Ctr Excellence, Middleton Mem Vet Hosp,Dept Neurol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zack, Matthew M.; Kobau, Rosemarie] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Populat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pugh, MJ (reprint author), South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, US Dept Vet Affairs, Epilepsy Ctr Excellence, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.; Pugh, MJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM pughm@uthscsa.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 44 BP 1224 EP 1227 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC3XJ UT WOS:000388060100005 PM 27832054 ER PT J AU Patel, MK Gacic-Dobo, M Strebel, PM Dabbagh, A Mulders, MN Okwo-Bele, JM Dumolard, L Rota, PA Kretsinger, K Goodson, JL AF Patel, Minal K. Gacic-Dobo, Marta Strebel, Peter M. Dabbagh, Alya Mulders, Mick N. Okwo-Bele, Jean-Marie Dumolard, Laure Rota, Paul A. Kretsinger, Katrina Goodson, James L. TI Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination - Worldwide, 2000-2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Patel, Minal K.; Gacic-Dobo, Marta; Strebel, Peter M.; Dabbagh, Alya; Mulders, Mick N.; Okwo-Bele, Jean-Marie; Dumolard, Laure; Kretsinger, Katrina] World Hlth Org, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, London, England. [Rota, Paul A.] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Goodson, James L.] CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Patel, MK (reprint author), World Hlth Org, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, London, England. EM patelm@who.int NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 44 BP 1228 EP 1233 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC3XJ UT WOS:000388060100006 PM 27832050 ER PT J AU Vallabhaneni, S Kallen, A Tsay, S Chow, N Welsh, R Kerins, J Kemble, SK Pacilli, M Black, SR Landon, E Ridgway, J Palmore, TN Zelzany, A Adams, EH Quinn, M Chaturvedi, S Greenko, J Fernandez, R Southwick, K Furuya, EY Calfee, DP Hamula, C Patel, G Barrett, P Lafaro, P Berkow, EL Moulton-Meissner, H Noble-Wang, J Fagan, RP Jackson, BR Lockhart, SR Litvintseva, AP Chiller, TM AF Vallabhaneni, Snigdha Kallen, Alex Tsay, Sharon Chow, Nancy Welsh, Rory Kerins, Janna Kemble, Sarah K. Pacilli, Massimo Black, Stephanie R. Landon, Emily Ridgway, Jessica Palmore, Tara N. Zelzany, Adrian Adams, Eleanor H. Quinn, Monica Chaturvedi, Sudha Greenko, Jane Fernandez, Rafael Southwick, Karen Furuya, E. Yoko Calfee, David P. Hamula, Camille Patel, Gopi Barrett, Patricia Lafaro, Patricia Berkow, Elizabeth L. Moulton-Meissner, Heather Noble-Wang, Judith Fagan, Ryan P. Jackson, Brendan R. Lockhart, Shawn R. Litvintseva, Anastasia P. Chiller, Tom M. TI Investigation of the First Seven Reported Cases of Candida auris, a Globally Emerging Invasive, Multidrug-Resistant Fungus - United States, May 2013-August 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [Vallabhaneni, Snigdha; Tsay, Sharon; Chow, Nancy; Welsh, Rory; Berkow, Elizabeth L.; Jackson, Brendan R.; Lockhart, Shawn R.; Litvintseva, Anastasia P.; Chiller, Tom M.] CDC, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Food Water & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kallen, Alex; Moulton-Meissner, Heather; Noble-Wang, Judith; Fagan, Ryan P.] CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tsay, Sharon; Kerins, Janna] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Kerins, Janna; Kemble, Sarah K.; Pacilli, Massimo; Black, Stephanie R.] Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Landon, Emily; Ridgway, Jessica] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Palmore, Tara N.; Zelzany, Adrian] NIH, Ctr Clin, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Adams, Eleanor H.; Quinn, Monica; Chaturvedi, Sudha; Greenko, Jane; Fernandez, Rafael; Southwick, Karen] New York State Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Furuya, E. Yoko] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Calfee, David P.] Weill Cornell Med, New York, NY USA. [Hamula, Camille; Patel, Gopi] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Mt Sinai Hlth Syst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Barrett, Patricia] New Jersey Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ USA. [Lafaro, Patricia] Robert Wood Johnson Univ Hosp, New Brunswick, NJ USA. RP Vallabhaneni, S (reprint author), CDC, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Food Water & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM svallabhaneni@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 44 BP 1234 EP 1237 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC3XJ UT WOS:000388060100007 PM 27832049 ER PT J AU Sanchez, GV Fleming-Dutra, KE Roberts, RM Hicks, LA AF Sanchez, Guillermo V. Fleming-Dutra, Katherine E. Roberts, Rebecca M. Hicks, Lauri A. TI Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship SO MMWR RECOMMENDATIONS AND REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE INFECTION; ENHANCED COMMUNICATION-SKILLS; PRIMARY-CARE PRACTICES; FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP AB The Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship provides a framework for antibiotic stewardship for outpatient clinicians and facilities that routinely provide antibiotic treatment. This report augments existing guidance for other clinical settings. In 2014 and 2015, respectively, CDC released the Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs and the Core Elements of Antibiotic Stewardship for Nursing Homes. Antibiotic stewardship is the effort to measure and improve how antibiotics are prescribed by clinicians and used by patients. Improving antibiotic prescribing involves implementing effective strategies to modify prescribing practices to align them with evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and management. The four core elements of outpatient antibiotic stewardship are commitment, action for policy and practice, tracking and reporting, and education and expertise. Outpatient clinicians and facility leaders can commit to improving antibiotic prescribing and take action by implementing at least one policy or practice aimed at improving antibiotic prescribing practices. Clinicians and leaders of outpatient clinics and health care systems can track antibiotic prescribing practices and regularly report these data back to clinicians. Clinicians can provide educational resources to patients and families on appropriate antibiotic use. Finally, leaders of outpatient clinics and health systems can provide clinicians with education aimed at improving antibiotic prescribing and with access to persons with expertise in antibiotic stewardship. Establishing effective antibiotic stewardship interventions can protect patients and improve clinical outcomes in outpatient health care settings. C1 [Sanchez, Guillermo V.; Fleming-Dutra, Katherine E.; Roberts, Rebecca M.; Hicks, Lauri A.] CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fleming-Dutra, KE (reprint author), CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM getsmart@cdc.gov NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1057-5987 EI 1545-8601 J9 MMWR RECOMM REP JI MMWR Recomm. Rep. PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 6 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC2VX UT WOS:000387983500001 ER PT J AU Xeuatvongsa, A Datta, SS Moturi, E Wannemuehler, K Philakong, P Vongxay, V Vilayvone, V Patel, MK AF Xeuatvongsa, Anonh Datta, Siddhartha Sankar Moturi, Edna Wannemuehler, Kathleen Philakong, Phanmanisone Vongxay, Viengnakhone Vilayvone, Vansy Patel, Minal K. TI Improving hepatitis B birth dose in rural Lao People's Democratic Republic through the use of mobile phones to facilitate communication SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Postnatal visits; Lao PDR; Hepatitis B; Lay health worker; Mobile phones ID IMMUNIZATION; COUNTRIES; PROGRAM; WORKERS; IMPACT; MODEL; AGE AB Background: Hepatitis B vaccine birth dose (HepB-BD) was introduced in Lao People's Democratic Republic to prevent perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission in 2008; high coverage is challenging since only 38% of births occur in a health facility. Healthcare workers report being unaware of home births and thus unable to conduct timely postnatal care (PNC) home visits. A quasi-experimental pilot study was conducted wherein mobile phones and phone credits were provided to village health volunteers (VHV) and healthcare workers (HCWs) to assess whether this could improve HepB-BD administration, as well as birth notification and increase home visits. Methods: From April to September 2014, VHVs and HCWs in four selected intervention districts were trained, supervised, received outreach per diem for conducting home visits, and received mobile phones and phone credits. In three comparison districts, VHVs and HCWs were trained, supervised, and received outreach per diem for conducting home visits. A post-study survey compared HepB-BD coverage among children born during the study and children born one year before. HCWs and VHVs were interviewed about the study. Findings: Among intervention districts, 463 study children and 406 pre-study children were enrolled in the survey; in comparison districts, 347 study children and 309 pre-study children were enrolled. In both arms, there was a significant improvement in the proportion of children reportedly receiving a PNC home visit (intervention p < 0.0001, comparison p = 0.04). The median difference in village level HepB-BD coverage (study cohort minus pre-study cohort), was 57% (interquartile range [IQR] 32-88%, p < 0.0001) in intervention districts, compared with 20% (IQR 0-50%, p < 0.0001) in comparison districts. The improvement in the intervention districts was greater than in the comparison districts (p = 0.0009). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the provision of phones and phone credits might be one important factor for increasing coverage. However, reasons for improvement in both arms are multifactorial and discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Xeuatvongsa, Anonh] Lao Peoples Democrat Republ Minist Hlth, Natl Immunizat Program, Mother & Child Hlth Ctr, Simuang Rd, Viangchan, Laos. [Datta, Siddhartha Sankar; Philakong, Phanmanisone] WHO Representat Off Laos, 125 Saphanthong Rd,Unit 5, Sisattanak Dist, Vientiane, Laos. [Moturi, Edna; Wannemuehler, Kathleen; Patel, Minal K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Moturi, Edna] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Vongxay, Viengnakhone; Vilayvone, Vansy] Univ Hlth Sci, Lao Peoples Democrat Republ Minist Hlth, Fac Postgrad Studies, Samsenthai Rd, Vientiane Capital, Laos. [Moturi, Edna] United Nations High Commissioner Refugees, PP Box 2666, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Patel, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM anonhxeuat@gmail.com; dattas@wpro.who.int; kwamsie@gmail.com; Kpw9@cdc.gov; philakongp@wpro.who.int; viengnakhone_poom@yahoo.com; vansyvilay@yahoo.com; hgo9@cdc.gov FU WHO FX Funding for this survey was provided by WHO; WHO Lao-PDR office staff supported the Ministry of Health in implementation and interpretation of results. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 47 BP 5777 EP 5784 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.056 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EB2MP UT WOS:000387196800012 PM 27742222 ER PT J AU Daily, A Kennedy, ED Fierro, LA Reed, JH Greene, M Williams, WW Evanson, HV Cox, R Koeppl, P Gerlach, K AF Daily, Ashley Kennedy, Erin D. Fierro, Leslie A. Reed, Jenica Huddleston Greene, Michael Williams, Warren W. Evanson, Heather V. Cox, Regina Koeppl, Patrick Gerlach, Ken TI Evaluation of scanning 2D barcoded vaccines to improve data accuracy of vaccines administered SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccines; Immunization; Automatic data processing; 2D barcode technology; Electronic health record; Technology adoption ID IMMUNIZATION; TECHNOLOGY AB Background and objective: Accurately recording vaccine lot number, expiration date, and product identifiers, in patient records is an important step in improving supply chain management and patient safety in the event of a recall. These data are being encoded on two-dimensional (2D) barcodes on most vaccine vials and syringes. Using electronic vaccine administration records, we evaluated the accuracy of lot number and expiration date entered using 2D barcode scanning compared to traditional manual or drop-down list entry methods. Methods: We analyzed 128,573 electronic records of vaccines administered at 32 facilities. We compared the accuracy of records entered using 2D barcode scanning with those entered using traditional methods using chi-square tests and multilevel logistic regression. Results: When 2D barcodes were scanned, lot number data accuracy was 1.8 percentage points higher (94.3-96.1%, P < 0.001) and expiration date data accuracy was 11 percentage points higher (84.8-95.8%, P < 0.001) compared with traditional methods. In multivariate analysis, lot number was more likely to be accurate (aOR = 1.75; 99% CI, 1.57-1.96) as was expiration date (aOR = 2.39; 99% CI, 2.12-2.68). When controlling for scanning and other factors, manufacturer, month vaccine was administered, and vaccine type were associated with variation in accuracy for both lot number and expiration date. Conclusion: Two-dimensional barcode scanning shows promise for improving data accuracy of vaccine lot number and expiration date records. Adapting systems to further integrate with 2D barcoding could help increase adoption of 2D barcode scanning technology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Daily, Ashley] Deloitte Consulting LLP, 555-17th St,Suite 3600, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Kennedy, Erin D.; Williams, Warren W.; Gerlach, Ken] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Fierro, Leslie A.] Claremont Grad Univ, 150 E 10th St, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Reed, Jenica Huddleston] Deloitte Consulting LLP, 980 Ninth St,Suite 1800, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Greene, Michael] Deloitte Consulting LLP, 200 Berkeley St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Evanson, Heather V.] Deloitte Consulting LLP, 1919 North Lynn St, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Cox, Regina] Deloitte Consulting LLP, 191 Peachtree St,Suite 2000, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Koeppl, Patrick] Deloitte Consulting LLP, 2500 One PPG Pl, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM kbg4@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA FX All phases of this evaluation were supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 47 BP 5802 EP 5807 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.052 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EB2MP UT WOS:000387196800015 PM 27742219 ER PT J AU Johnson, TL Fischer, RJ Raffel, SJ Schwan, TG AF Johnson, Tammi L. Fischer, Robert J. Raffel, Sandra J. Schwan, Tom G. TI Host associations and genomic diversity of Borrelia hermsii in an endemic focus of tick-borne relapsing fever in western North America SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Ornithodoros hermsi; Tick-borne zoonosis; Montana; Argasidae ID LYME-DISEASE RISK; INTERSTATE OUTBREAK; ORNITHODOROS-HERMSI; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; GRAND-CANYON; CALIFORNIA; SPIROCHETE; INFECTION; BURGDORFERI AB Background: An unrecognized focus of tick-borne relapsing fever caused by Borrelia hermsii was identified in 2002 when five people became infected on Wild Horse Island in Flathead Lake, Montana. The terrestrial small mammal community on the island is composed primarily of pine squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), neither of which was known as a natural host for the spirochete. Thus a 3-year study was performed to identify small mammals as hosts for B. hermsii. Methods: Small mammals were captured alive on two island and three mainland sites, blood samples were collected and examined for spirochetes, and serological tests performed to detect anti-B. hermsii antibodies. Ornithodoros hermsi ticks were collected and fed on laboratory mice to assess infection. Genomic DNA samples from spirochetes isolated from infected mammals and ticks were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing. Results: Eighteen pine squirrels and one deer mouse had detectable spirochetemias when captured, from which 12 isolates of B. hermsii were established. Most pine squirrels were seropositive, and the five species of sciurids combined had a significantly higher prevalence of seropositive animals than did the other six small mammal species captured. The greater diversity of small mammals on the mainland in contrast to the islands demonstrated that other species in addition to pine squirrels were also involved in the maintenance of B. hermsii at Flathead Lake. Ornithodoros hermsi ticks produced an additional 12 isolates of B. hermsii and multilocus sequence typing identified both genomic groups of B. hermsii described previously, and identified a new genomic subdivision. Experimental infections of deer mice with two strains of B. hermsii demonstrated that these animals were susceptible to infection with spirochetes belonging to Genomic Group II but not Genomic Group I. Conclusions: Pine squirrels are the primary hosts for the maintenance of B. hermsii on the islands in Flathead Lake, however serological evidence showed that numerous additional species are also involved on the mainland. Future studies testing the susceptibility of several small mammal species to infection with different genetic types of B. hermsii will help define their role as hosts in this and other endemic foci. C1 [Johnson, Tammi L.; Fischer, Robert J.; Raffel, Sandra J.; Schwan, Tom G.] NIAID, Lab Zoonot Pathogens, Rocky Mt Labs, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. [Johnson, Tammi L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Fischer, Robert J.] NIAID, Virol Lab, Rocky Mt Labs, NIH, Hamilton, MT USA. RP Schwan, TG (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Zoonot Pathogens, Rocky Mt Labs, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. EM tschwan@niaid.nih.gov FU Montana Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program; National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by the Montana Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program, National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship, and the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD NOV 10 PY 2016 VL 9 AR 575 DI 10.1186/s13071-016-1863-0 PG 17 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA EC5AL UT WOS:000388145400001 PM 27832805 ER PT J AU Kambire, D Soeters, HM Ouedraogo-Traore, R Medah, I Sangare, L Yameogo, I Sawadogo, G Ouedraogo, AS Hema-Ouangraoua, S McGee, L Srinivasan, V Ake, F Congo-Ouedraogo, M Sanou, S Ba, AK Novak, RT Van Beneden, C AF Kambire, Dinanibe Soeters, Heidi M. Ouedraogo-Traore, Rasmata Medah, Isaie Sangare, Lassana Yameogo, Issaka Sawadogo, Guetawende Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salem Hema-Ouangraoua, Soumeya McGee, Lesley Srinivasan, Velusamy Ake, Flavien Congo-Ouedraogo, Malika Sanou, Soufian Ba, Absatou Ky Novak, Ryan T. Van Beneden, Chris CA MenAfriNet Consortium TI Nationwide Trends in Bacterial Meningitis before the Introduction of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine-Burkina Faso, 2011-2013 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CAPSULAR SEROTYPES; CHILDREN; BURDEN; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMICS; OUTBREAK AB Background Following introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in 2006 and serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine in 2010, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) became the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in Burkina Faso. We describe bacterial meningitis epidemiology, focusing on pneumococcal meningitis, before 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction in the pediatric routine immunization program in October 2013. Methods Nationwide population-based meningitis surveillance collects case-level demographic and clinical information and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) laboratory results. Sp infections are confirmed by culture, real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR), or latex agglutination, and CSF serotyped using real-time and conventional PCR. We calculated incidence rates in cases per 100,000 persons, adjusting for age and proportion of cases with CSF tested at national reference laboratories, and case fatality ratios (CFR). Results During 2011-2013, 1,528 pneumococcal meningitis cases were reported. Average annual adjusted incidence rates were 26.9 (<1 year), 5.4 (1-4 years), 7.2 (5-14 years), and 3.0 (>= 15 years). Overall CFR was 23% and highest among children aged <1 year (32%) and adults >= 30 years (30%). Of 1,528 cases, 1,036 (68%) were serotyped: 71% were PCV13-associated serotypes, 14% were non-PCV13-associated serotypes, and 15% were non typeable by PCR. Serotypes 1 (45%) and 12F/12A/12B/44/46 (8%) were most common. Among children aged <1 year, serotypes 5 (15%), 6A/6B (13%) and 1 (12%) predominated. Conclusions In Burkina Faso, the highest morbidity and mortality due to pneumococcal meningitis occurred among children aged <1 year. The majority of cases were due to PCV13-associated serotypes; introduction of PCV13 should substantially decrease this burden. C1 [Kambire, Dinanibe; Ouedraogo-Traore, Rasmata] Ctr Hosp Univ Pediat Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Soeters, Heidi M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Soeters, Heidi M.; McGee, Lesley; Srinivasan, Velusamy; Novak, Ryan T.; Van Beneden, Chris] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Medah, Isaie; Yameogo, Issaka; Sawadogo, Guetawende] Minist Sante, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Sangare, Lassana; Congo-Ouedraogo, Malika] Ctr Hosp Univ Yalgado Ouedraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salem] Ctr Hosp Univ Souro Sanou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. [Hema-Ouangraoua, Soumeya] Ctr Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. [Ake, Flavien] CDC Fdn, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Ba, Absatou Ky] Lab Natl Sante Publ, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. RP Kambire, D (reprint author), Ctr Hosp Univ Pediat Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.; Soeters, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA.; Soeters, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dinanibekambire@yahoo.fr; hzx8@cdc.gov OI Soeters, Heidi/0000-0002-9415-9340 FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Gavi; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization; Agence de Medecine Preventive FX This work was supported by the MenAfriNet Consortium, a partnership between the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and Agence de Medecine Preventive, through a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and a grant from Gavi. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 10 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0166384 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0166384 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB9ON UT WOS:000387725000117 PM 27832151 ER PT J AU Dalhatu, I Onotu, D Odafe, S Abiri, O Debem, H Agolory, S Shiraishi, RW Auld, AF Swaminathan, M Dokubo, K Ngige, E Asadu, C Abatta, E Ellerbrock, TV AF Dalhatu, Ibrahim Onotu, Dennis Odafe, Solomon Abiri, Oseni Debem, Henry Agolory, Simon Shiraishi, Ray W. Auld, Andrew F. Swaminathan, Mahesh Dokubo, Kainne Ngige, Evelyn Asadu, Chukwuemeka Abatta, Emmanuel Ellerbrock, Tedd V. TI Outcomes of Nigeria's HIV/AIDS Treatment Program for Patients Initiated on Antiretroviral Treatment between 2004-2012 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; TERM IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; FOLLOW-UP; PATIENTS LOST; THERAPY PROGRAMS; INCOME COUNTRIES; CELL COUNT; SCALE-UP AB Background The Nigerian Antiretroviral therapy (ART) program started in 2004 and now ranks among the largest in Africa. However, nationally representative data on outcomes have not been reported. Methods We evaluated retrospective cohort data from a nationally representative sample of adults aged >= 15 years who initiated ART during 2004 to 2012. Data were abstracted from 3,496 patient records at 35 sites selected using probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling. Analyses were weighted and controlled for the complex survey design. The main outcome measures were mortality, loss to follow-up (LTFU), and retention (the proportion alive and on ART). Potential predictors of attrition were assessed using competing risk regression models. Results At ART initiation, 66.4 percent (%) were females, median age was 33 years, median weight 56 kg, median CD4 count 161 cells/mm(3), and 47.1% had stage III/IV disease. The percentage of patients retained at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months was 81.2%, 74.4%, 67.2%, and 61.7%, respectively. Over 10,088 person-years of ART, mortality, LTFU, and overall attrition (mortality, LTFU, and treatment stop) rates were 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-1.8), 12.3 (95% CI: 8.9-17.0), and 13.9 (95% CI: 10.4-18.5) per 100 person-years (py) respectively. Highest attrition rates of 55.4/100py were witnessed in the first 3 months on ART. Predictors of LTFU included: lower-than-secondary level education (reference: Tertiary), care in North-East and South-South regions (reference: North-Central), presence of moderate/severe anemia, symptomatic functional status, and baseline weight <45kg. Predictor of mortality was WHO stage higher than stage I. Male sex, severe anemia, and care in a small clinic were associated with both mortality and LTFU. Conclusion Moderate/Advanced HIV disease was predictive of attrition; earlier ART initiation could improve program outcomes. Retention interventions targeting men and those with lower levels of education are needed. Further research to understand geographic and clinic size variations with outcome is warranted. C1 [Dalhatu, Ibrahim; Onotu, Dennis; Odafe, Solomon; Debem, Henry] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria. [Abiri, Oseni; Dokubo, Kainne] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Biomed Informat, Houston, TX USA. [Agolory, Simon; Shiraishi, Ray W.; Auld, Andrew F.; Swaminathan, Mahesh; Ellerbrock, Tedd V.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ngige, Evelyn; Asadu, Chukwuemeka; Abatta, Emmanuel] Fed Minist Hlth, Natl AIDS & STIs Control Program, Abuja, Nigeria. RP Odafe, S (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria. EM wsp7@cdc.gov FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This research has been supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) (http://www.pepfar.gov/) through the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (http://www.cdc.gov/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 86 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 9 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0165528 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0165528 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB9OG UT WOS:000387724300048 PM 27829033 ER PT J AU Lucchi, NW Gaye, M Diallo, MA Goldman, IF Ljolje, D Deme, AB Badiane, A Ndiaye, YD Barnwell, JW Udhayakumar, V Ndiaye, D AF Lucchi, Naomi W. Gaye, Marie Diallo, Mammadou Alpha Goldman, Ira F. Ljolje, Dragan Deme, Awa Bineta Badiane, Aida Ndiaye, Yaye Die Barnwell, John W. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Ndiaye, Daouda TI Evaluation of the Illumigene Malaria LAMP: A Robust Molecular Diagnostic Tool for Malaria Parasites SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ELIMINATION; INFECTIONS; ZANZIBAR; ETHIOPIA; KIT AB Isothermal nucleic acid amplification assays such as the loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), are well suited for field use as they do not require thermal cyclers to amplify the DNA. To further facilitate the use of LAMP assays in remote settings, simpler sample preparation methods and lyophilized reagents are required. The performance of a commercial malaria LAMP assay (Illumigene Malaria LAMP) was evaluated using two sample preparation workflows (simple filtration prep (SFP)) and gravity-driven filtration prep (GFP)) and pre-dispensed lyophilized reagents. Laboratory and clinical samples were tested in a field laboratory in Senegal and the results independently confirmed in a reference laboratory in the U.S.A. The Illumigene Malaria LAMP assay was easily implemented in the clinical laboratory and gave similar results to a real-time PCR reference test with limits of detection of <= 2.0 parasites/mu l depending on the sample preparation method used. This assay reliably detected Plasmodium sp. parasites in a simple low-tech format, providing a much needed alternative to the more complex molecular tests for malaria diagnosis. C1 [Lucchi, Naomi W.; Goldman, Ira F.; Barnwell, John W.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Gaye, Marie; Diallo, Mammadou Alpha; Deme, Awa Bineta; Badiane, Aida; Ndiaye, Yaye Die] UCAD, Lab Parasitol & Mycol, Dakar, Senegal. [Ljolje, Dragan] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, VA Med Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. RP Lucchi, NW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Nlucchi@cdc.gov; dndiaye23@gmail.com FU Malaria Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation FX We would like to thank Mbaye Pene, Mbaye Thiam, Ngayo Sy, Younouss Diedhiou, Amadou Mactar Mbaye, Guete Diallo, Daba Zoumarou, Nana Fatoumata Diop, Anna Seck, and the patients and health staff from Deggo (Pikine), Health facility, Hopital Youssou Mbargan. This report was made possible through support provided by the Malaria Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Atlanta Research and Education Foundation. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 9 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 36808 DI 10.1038/srep36808 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC0AC UT WOS:000387758800001 PM 27827432 ER PT J AU Chaguza, C Cornick, JE Harris, SR Andam, CP Bricio-Moreno, L Yang, M Yalcin, F Ousmane, S Govindpersad, S Senghore, M Ebruke, C Du Plessis, M Kiran, AM Pluschke, G Sigauque, B McGee, L Klugman, KP Turner, P Corander, J Parkhill, J Collard, JM Antonio, M von Gottberg, A Heyderman, RS French, N Kadioglu, A Hanage, WP Everett, DB Bentley, SD AF Chaguza, Chrispin Cornick, Jennifer E. Harris, Simon R. Andam, Cheryl P. Bricio-Moreno, Laura Yang, Marie Yalcin, Feyruz Ousmane, Sani Govindpersad, Shanil Senghore, Madikay Ebruke, Chinelo Du Plessis, Mignon Kiran, Anmol M. Pluschke, Gerd Sigauque, Betuel McGee, Lesley Klugman, Keith P. Turner, Paul Corander, Jukka Parkhill, Julian Collard, Jean-Marc Antonio, Martin von Gottberg, Anne Heyderman, Robert S. French, Neil Kadioglu, Aras Hanage, William P. Everett, Dean B. Bentley, Stephen D. CA PAGe Consortium TI Understanding pneumococcal serotype 1 biology through population genomic analysis SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Pneumococcal serotype 1; ST217; Phylogeography; Evolution; Antibiotic resistance ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; SEROLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; VIRULENCE FACTORS; INVASIVE-DISEASE; DNA-SEQUENCES; RECOMBINATION; GENERATION; MENINGITIS; DISCOVERY AB Background: Pneumococcus kills over one million children annually and over 90 % of these deaths occur in low-income countries especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where HIV exacerbates the disease burden. In SSA, serotype 1 pneumococci particularly the endemic ST217 clone, causes majority of the pneumococcal disease burden. To understand the evolution of the virulent ST217 clone, we analysed ST217 whole genomes from isolates sampled from African and Asian countries. Methods: We analysed 226 whole genome sequences from the ST217 lineage sampled from 9 African and 4 Asian countries. We constructed a whole genome alignment and used it for phylogenetic and coalescent analyses. We also screened the genomes to determine presence of antibiotic resistance conferring genes. Results: Population structure analysis grouped the ST217 isolates into five sequence clusters (SCs), which were highly associated with different geographical regions and showed limited intracontinental and intercontinental spread. The SCs showed lower than expected genomic sequence, which suggested strong purifying selection and small population sizes caused by bottlenecks. Recombination rates varied between the SCs but were lower than in other successful clones such as PMEN1. African isolates showed higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes than Asian isolates. Interestingly, certain West African isolates harbored a defective chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance-conferring element (Tn5253) with a deletion in the loci encoding the chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat(pC194)), which caused lower chloramphenicol than tetracycline resistance. Furthermore, certain genes that promote colonisation were absent in the isolates, which may contribute to serotype 1's rarity in carriage and consequently its lower recombination rates. Conclusions: The high phylogeographic diversity of the ST217 clone shows that this clone has been in circulation globally for a long time, which allowed its diversification and adaptation in different geographical regions. Such geographic adaptation reflects local variations in selection pressures in different locales. Further studies will be required to fully understand the biological mechanisms which makes the ST217 clone highly invasive but unable to successfully colonise the human nasopharynx for long durations which results in lower recombination rates. C1 [Chaguza, Chrispin; Cornick, Jennifer E.; Andam, Cheryl P.; Bricio-Moreno, Laura; Yang, Marie; Kiran, Anmol M.; French, Neil; Kadioglu, Aras; Everett, Dean B.; Bentley, Stephen D.] Univ Liverpool, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Dept Clin Infect Microbiol & Immunol, Liverpool L69 7BE, Merseyside, England. [Chaguza, Chrispin; Cornick, Jennifer E.; Kiran, Anmol M.; Heyderman, Robert S.; French, Neil; Everett, Dean B.] Queen Elizabeth Cent Hosp, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clin Res Programe, Blantyre, Malawi. [Harris, Simon R.; Yalcin, Feyruz; Bentley, Stephen D.] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Pathogen Genom, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. [Andam, Cheryl P.; Hanage, William P.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Communicable Dis Dynam, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ousmane, Sani; Collard, Jean-Marc] CERMES, Unite Biol, Niamey, Niger. [Govindpersad, Shanil; von Gottberg, Anne] NICD, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Ebruke, Chinelo; Antonio, Martin] MRC, Bacterial Dis Programme, Banjul, Gambia. [Senghore, Madikay; Antonio, Martin] Univ Warwick, Warwick Med Sch, Div Translat & Syst Med, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Ebruke, Chinelo; Antonio, Martin] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Pluschke, Gerd] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland. [Sigauque, Betuel] Ctr Invest Saude Manhica, Maputo, Mozambique. [McGee, Lesley] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Klugman, Keith P.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Klugman, Keith P.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Turner, Paul] Angkor Hosp Children, Cambodia Oxford Med Res Unit, Siem Reap, Cambodia. [Turner, Paul] Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford OX3 7FZ, England. [Corander, Jukka] Univ Helsinki, Dept Math & Stat, Helsinki, Finland. [von Gottberg, Anne] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Pathol, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Heyderman, Robert S.] UCL, Div Infect & Immun, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Chaguza, C; Bentley, SD (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Dept Clin Infect Microbiol & Immunol, Liverpool L69 7BE, Merseyside, England.; Chaguza, C (reprint author), Queen Elizabeth Cent Hosp, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clin Res Programe, Blantyre, Malawi.; Bentley, SD (reprint author), Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Pathogen Genom, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. EM Chrispin.Chaguza@liverpool.ac.uk; sdb@sanger.ac.uk OI du Plessis, Mignon/0000-0001-9186-0679; Chaguza, Chrispin/0000-0002-2108-1757 FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) [OPP1023440]; Wellcome Trust Major Overseas programme core award [084679/Z/08/Z]; Commonwealth Scholarship Commission, UK FX This work was supported by funds from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) (grant number: OPP1023440 awarded to DBE [http://www.pagegenomes.org/page/consortium]) and The Wellcome Trust Major Overseas programme core award (Award number: 084679/Z/08/Z). CC acknowledges support in form of a PhD scholarship from the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission, UK. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD NOV 8 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 649 DI 10.1186/s12879-016-1987-z PG 14 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EB1AT UT WOS:000387079200001 PM 27821148 ER PT J AU Saha, S Schramm, P Nolan, A Hess, J AF Saha, Shubhayu Schramm, Paul Nolan, Amanda Hess, Jeremy TI Adverse weather conditions and fatal motor vehicle crashes in the United States, 1994-2012 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Weather; Fatal crash; Injury; Precipitation ID ROAD ACCIDENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DRIVER-INJURY; RISK; PRECIPITATION; COLLISIONS; SEVERITY; CANADA; SAFETY AB Background: Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury mortality. Adverse weather and road conditions have the potential to affect the likelihood of motor vehicle fatalities through several pathways. However, there remains a dearth of assessments associating adverse weather conditions to fatal crashes in the United States. We assessed trends in motor vehicle fatalities associated with adverse weather and present spatial variation in fatality rates by state. Methods: We analyzed the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) datasets from 1994 to 2012 produced by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) that contains reported weather information for each fatal crash. For each year, we estimated the fatal crashes that were associated with adverse weather conditions. We stratified these fatalities by months to examine seasonal patterns. We calculated state-specific rates using annual vehicle miles traveled data for all fatalities and for those related to adverse weather to examine spatial variations in fatality rates. To investigate the role of adverse weather as an independent risk factor for fatal crashes, we calculated odds ratios for known risk factors (e.g., alcohol and drug use, no restraint use, poor driving records, poor light conditions, highway driving) to be reported along with adverse weather. Results: Total and adverse weather-related fatalities decreased over 1994-2012. Adverse weather-related fatalities constituted about 16 % of total fatalities on average over the study period. On average, 65 % of adverse weather-related fatalities happened between November and April, with rain/wet conditions more frequently reported than snow/icy conditions. The spatial distribution of fatalities associated with adverse weather by state was different than the distribution of total fatalities. Involvement of alcohol or drugs, no restraint use, and speeding were less likely to co-occur with fatalities during adverse weather conditions. Conclusions: While adverse weather is reported for a large number of motor vehicle fatalities for the US, the type of adverse weather and the rate of associated fatality vary geographically. These fatalities may be addressed and potentially prevented by modifying speed limits during inclement weather, improving road surfacing, ice and snow removal, and providing transit alternatives, but the impact of potential interventions requires further research. C1 [Saha, Shubhayu; Schramm, Paul] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Climate & Hlth Program, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Nolan, Amanda] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Rhodes Hall,Hlth Sci Campus, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hess, Jeremy] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Div Emergency Med, Dept Global Hlth, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Saha, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Climate & Hlth Program, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ssaha@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PD NOV 8 PY 2016 VL 15 AR 104 DI 10.1186/s12940-016-0189-x PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EB2IV UT WOS:000387183800001 PM 27821115 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Vlasova, A Velasquez, DE Saif, LJ Kandasamy, S Kochba, E Levin, Y Jiang, BM AF Wang, Yuhuan Vlasova, Anastasia Velasquez, Daniel E. Saif, Linda J. Kandasamy, Sukumar Kochba, Efrat Levin, Yotam Jiang, Baoming TI Skin Vaccination against Rotavirus Using Microneedles: Proof of Concept in Gnotobiotic Piglets SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ADULTS 18-64 YEARS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INTRADERMAL VACCINATION; REASSORTANT ROTAVIRUS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INFLUENZA VACCINES; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; INDIAN INFANTS; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFECTION AB Live-attenuated oral rotavirus (RV) vaccines have lower efficacy in low income countries, and additionally are associated with a rare but severe adverse event, intussusception. We have been pursuing the development of an inactivated rotavirus vaccine (IRV) using the human rotavirus strain CDC-9 (G1P[8]) through parenteral immunization and previously demonstrated dose sparing and enhanced immunogenicity of intradermal (ID) unadjuvanted IRV using a coated microneedle patch in comparison with intramuscular (IM) administration in mice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune response and protection against RV infection and diarrhea conferred by the administration of the ID unadjuvanted IRV using the microneedle device MicronJet600 (R) in neonatal gnotobiotic (Gn) piglets challenged with virulent Wa G1P[8] human RV. Three doses of 5 mu g IRV when administered intradermally and 5 mu g IRV formulated with aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)(3)] when administered intramuscularly induced comparable rotavirus-specific antibody titers of IgA, IgG, IgG avidity index and neutralizing activity in sera of neonatal piglets. Both IRV vaccination regimens protected against RV antigen shedding in stools, and reduced the cumulative diarrhea scores in the piglets. This study demonstrated that the ID and IM administrations of IRV are immunogenic and protective against RV-induced diarrhea in neonatal piglets. Our findings highlight the potential value of an adjuvant sparing effect of the IRV ID delivery route. C1 [Wang, Yuhuan; Velasquez, Daniel E.; Jiang, Baoming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vlasova, Anastasia; Saif, Linda J.; Kandasamy, Sukumar] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Kochba, Efrat; Levin, Yotam] NanoPass Technol Ltd, Ness Ziona, Israel. RP Jiang, BM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Gastroenteritis & Resp Viruses Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EM bxj4@cdc.gov FU NanoPass Technologies Limited FX NanoPass Technologies Limited provided support in the form of salaries for authors [YL and EK], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 8 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0166038 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0166038 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB8BE UT WOS:000387615200057 PM 27824918 ER PT J AU Lin, CY Li, L AF Lin, Carol Y. Li, Ling TI Comparison of DNA testing strategies in monitoring human papillomavirus infection prevalence through simulation SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE HPV prevalence; PCR; HPV clinical test; HPV vaccine effectiveness; Cervical cancer screening ID HYBRID CAPTURE 2; CERVICAL-CANCER; HPV-DNA; VACCINE INTRODUCTION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; LINEAR-ARRAY; YOUNG-WOMEN; ASSAY AB Background: HPV DNA diagnostic tests for epidemiology monitoring (research purpose) or cervical cancer screening (clinical purpose) have often been considered separately. Women with positive Linear Array (LA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) research test results typically are neither informed nor referred for colposcopy. Recently, a sequential testing by using Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) HPV clinical test as a triage before genotype by LA has been adopted for monitoring HPV infections. Also, HC2 has been reported as a more feasible screening approach for cervical cancer in low-resource countries. Thus, knowing the performance of testing strategies incorporating HPV clinical test (i.e., HC2-only or using HC2 as a triage before genotype by LA) compared with LA-only testing in measuring HPV prevalence will be informative for public health practice. Method: We conducted a Monte Carlo simulation study. Data were generated using mathematical algorithms. We designated the reported HPV infection prevalence in the U.S. and Latin America as the "true" underlying type-specific HPV prevalence. Analytical sensitivity of HC2 for detecting 14 high-risk (oncogenic) types was considered to be less than LA. Estimated-to-true prevalence ratios and percentage reductions were calculated. Results: When the "true" HPV prevalence was designated as the reported prevalence in the U.S., with LA genotyping sensitivity and specificity of (0.95, 0.95), estimated-to-true prevalence ratios of 14 high-risk types were 2.132, 1.056, 0.958 for LA-only, HC2-only, and sequential testing, respectively. Estimated-to-true prevalence ratios of two vaccine-associated high-risk types were 2.359 and 1.063 for LA-only and sequential testing, respectively. When designated type-specific prevalence of HPV16 and 18 were reduced by 50 %, using either LA-only or sequential testing, prevalence estimates were reduced by 18 %. Conclusion: Estimated-to-true HPV infection prevalence ratios using LA-only testing strategy are generally higher than using HC2-only or using HC2 as a triage before genotype by LA. HPV clinical testing can be incorporated to monitor HPV prevalence or vaccine effectiveness. Caution is needed when comparing apparent prevalence from different testing strategies. C1 [Lin, Carol Y.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Li, Ling] United Arab Emirates Univ, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. RP Lin, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM clin@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD NOV 7 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 642 DI 10.1186/s12879-016-1969-1 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EB1AR UT WOS:000387079000002 PM 27821079 ER PT J AU Waters, KP Mazivila, ME Dgedge, M Necochea, E Manharlal, D Zuber, A Leao, BD Bossemeyer, D Vergara, AE AF Waters, Keith P. Mazivila, Moises Ernesto Dgedge, Martinho Necochea, Edgar Manharlal, Devan Zuber, Alexandra Leao, Beatriz de Faria Bossemeyer, Debora Vergara, Alfredo E. TI eSIP-Saude: Mozambique's novel approach for a sustainable human resources for health information system SO HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Human resources information system (HRIS); Health workforce registry; HIV/AIDS; Data use; Deployment; Staffing; Retirement ID NURSING WORKFORCE; KENYA AB Introduction: Over the past decade, governments and international partners have responded to calls for health workforce data with ambitious investments in human resources information systems (HRIS). However, documentation of country experiences in the use of HRIS to improve strategic planning and management has been lacking. The purpose of this case presentation is to document for the first time Mozambique's novel approach to HRIS, sharing key success factors and contributing to the scant global knowledge base on HRIS. Case presentation: Core components of the system are a Government of Mozambique (GOM) registry covering all workers in the GOM payroll and a "health extension" which adds health-sector-specific data to the GOM registry. Separate databases for pre-service and in-service training are integrated through a business intelligence tool. The first aim of the HRIS was to identify the following: who and where are Mozambique's health workers? As of July 2015, 95 % of countrywide health workforce deployment information was populated in the HRIS, allowing the identification of health professionals' physical working location and their pay point. HRIS data are also used to quantify chronic issues affecting the Ministry of Health (MOH) health workforce. Examples include the following: HRIS information was used to examine the deployment of nurses trained in antiretroviral therapy (ART) vis-a-vis the health facilities where ART is being provided. Such results help the MOH align specialized skill sets with service provision. Twenty-five percent of the MOH health workforce had passed the 2-year probation period but had not been updated in the MOH information systems. For future monitoring of employee status, the MOH established a system of alerts in semi-monthly reports. As of August 2014, 1046 health workers were receiving their full salary but no longer working at the facilities. The MOH is now analyzing this situation to improve the retirement process and coordination with Social Security. Conclusion: The Mozambican system is an important example of an HRIS built on a local platform with local staff. Notable models of strategic data use demonstrate that the system is empowering the MOH to improve health services delivery, health workforce allocation, and management. Combined with committed country leadership and ownership of the program, this suggests strong chances of sustainability and real impact on public health equity and quality. C1 [Waters, Keith P.; Zuber, Alexandra] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV & TB, Ctr Global Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E77, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Mazivila, Moises Ernesto; Dgedge, Martinho] Minist Hlth, Av Eduardo Mondlane 1008, Maputo, Mozambique. [Necochea, Edgar] Jhpiego Johns Hopkins Univ, 1615 Thames St, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. [Manharlal, Devan; Leao, Beatriz de Faria; Bossemeyer, Debora] Jhpiego Mozambique, Rua Jose Mateus 27, Maputo, Mozambique. [Vergara, Alfredo E.] CDC Mozambique, JAT Complex 4,7th Floor, Maputo, Mozambique. RP Waters, KP (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV & TB, Ctr Global Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E77, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM kpwaters@cdc.gov FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the CDC [5U2GPS001542] FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the support of staff at the many organizations that have contributed to the development and implementation of Mozambique's HRIS-this includes the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Economy and Finance, Ministry of State Administration and Public Function, Jhpiego, CDC Mozambique, and other partners. The findings and statements in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This paper has been supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the CDC Cooperative Agreement No. 5U2GPS001542 "Strengthening Safe Hospitals and Clinics in HIV/AIDS Prevention Activities in Mozambique." NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 19 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1478-4491 J9 HUM RESOUR HEALTH JI Hum. Resour. Health PD NOV 5 PY 2016 VL 14 AR 66 DI 10.1186/s12960-016-0159-y PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Business & Economics GA EA9KU UT WOS:000386963500001 PM 27814734 ER PT J AU Ferre, C Callaghan, W Olson, C Sharma, A Barfield, W AF Ferre, Cynthia Callaghan, William Olson, Christine Sharma, Andrea Barfield, Wanda TI Effects of Maternal Age and Age-Specific Preterm Birth Rates on Overall Preterm Birth Rates - United States, 2007 and 2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article AB What is already known about this topic? Rates of births to teens and of preterm births declined in the United States from 2007 to 2014. Preterm births are more common among the youngest and oldest mothers. What is added by this report? Preterm birth rates declined for all age groups and overall from 10.41% to 9.54% of live births. Mean maternal age increased from 27.4 years to 28.3 years. The contribution of fewer births to teens and to women aged 20-24 years to the overall decline in preterm births was offset by increases in births to older mothers. What are the implications for public health practice The changing distribution of maternal age might indicate success of programs to prevent teen and unintended pregnancies. Effective public health strategies for further reducing preterm birth rates need to be tailored to different age groups. C1 [Ferre, Cynthia; Callaghan, William; Olson, Christine; Sharma, Andrea; Barfield, Wanda] CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ferre, C (reprint author), CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cferre@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 43 BP 1181 EP 1184 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC6MF UT WOS:000388249600001 PM 27811841 ER PT J AU Oliver, SE Aubin, M Atwell, L Matthias, J Cope, A Mobley, V Goode, A Minnerly, S Stoltey, J Bauer, HM Hennessy, RR DiOrio, D Fanfair, RN Peterman, TA Markowitz, L AF Oliver, Sara E. Aubin, Mark Atwell, Leah Matthias, James Cope, Anna Mobley, Victoria Goode, Alexandra Minnerly, Sydney Stoltey, Juliet Bauer, Heidi M. Hennessy, Robin R. DiOrio, Dawne Fanfair, Robyn Neblett Peterman, Thomas A. Markowitz, Lauri TI Ocular Syphilis - Eight Jurisdictions, United States, 2014-2015 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article AB What is already known about this topic? Ocular syphilis, an infrequent manifestation of syphilis infection, can cause a variety of eye symptoms, including vision loss. Clusters of ocular syphilis were reported from late 2014 to 2015. In the United States, syphilis rates have increased since 2000, but little is known about ocular syphilis cases. What is added by this report? Eight jurisdictions that reviewed syphilis surveillance and case investigation data from 2014, 2015, or both found that in 0.6% of syphilis cases, the patient had symptoms consistent with ocular syphilis. Most suspected cases were in males, and half were in HIV-positive persons. Severe outcomes, including blindness, occurred in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. What are the implications for public health practice? All patients diagnosed with syphilis that exhibit ocular manifestations should immediately be treated for neurosyphilis and be referred for formal ophthalmologic examination. Education of both patients and providers is critical to identify ocular manifestations of syphilis and manage disease sequelae. C1 [Oliver, Sara E.] CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Oliver, Sara E.; Markowitz, Lauri] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Aubin, Mark] Washington State Dept Hlth, STD Serv, Tumwater, WA USA. [Atwell, Leah; Matthias, James] Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Matthias, James; Cope, Anna; Hennessy, Robin R.; DiOrio, Dawne; Peterman, Thomas A.] CDC, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cope, Anna; Mobley, Victoria] North Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. [Goode, Alexandra] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Ctr STI Prevent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Minnerly, Sydney] Dept State Hlth Serv, HIV STD TB Viral Hepatitis Prevent Branch, Houston, TX USA. [Stoltey, Juliet; Bauer, Heidi M.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Sexually Transmitted Dis Control Branch, Sacramento, CA USA. [Hennessy, Robin R.] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur STD Control, New York, NY USA. [DiOrio, Dawne] Indiana State Dept Hlth, HIV STD Div, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Fanfair, Robyn Neblett] CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oliver, SE (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Oliver, SE (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 43 BP 1185 EP 1188 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC6MF UT WOS:000388249600002 PM 27811837 ER PT J AU MacNeil, JR Rubin, LG Patton, M Ortega-Sanchez, IR Martin, SW AF MacNeil, Jessica R. Rubin, Lorry G. Patton, Monica Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R. Martin, Stacey W. TI Recommendations for Use of Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccines in HIV-Infected Persons - Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNOGENICITY; SAFETY; DISEASE; CHILDREN; RISK AB What is currently recommended? The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) currently recommends routine vaccination with meningococcal conjugate vaccine for all adolescents and for certain groups of persons at increased risk for meningococcal disease: persons who have persistent complement component deficiencies; persons who have anatomic or functional asplenia; microbiologists who routinely are exposed to isolates of Neisseria meningitidis; persons identified to be at increased risk because of a meningococcal disease outbreak attributable to serogroup A, C, W, or Y; military recruits; first-year college students living in residence halls; and persons who travel to or reside in areas in which meningococcal disease is hyperendemic or epidemic. In addition, ACIP recommends routine vaccination with serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine for persons who have persistent complement component deficiencies; persons who have anatomic or functional asplenia; microbiologists who routinely are exposed to isolates of N. meningitidis; and persons identified to be at increased risk because of a serogroup B meningococcal disease outbreak. Why are the recommendations being modified now? A growing body of evidence supports an increased risk for meningococcal disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected persons. The evidence supporting the use of meningococcal conjugate vaccines in HIV-infected persons was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. What are the new recommendations? All HIV-infected persons aged >= 2 months should routinely receive meningococcal conjugate vaccine; children aged <2 years should be vaccinated using a multidose schedule. Persons aged >= 2 years with HIV who have not been previously vaccinated should receive a 2-dose primary series of meningococcal conjugate vaccine. Persons with HIV who have been previously vaccinated with meningococcal conjugate vaccine should receive a booster dose at the earliest opportunity (at least 8 weeks after the previous dose) and then continue to receive boosters at the appropriate intervals. If the most recent dose was received before age 7 years, a booster dose should be administered 3 years later. If the most recent dose was received at age >= 7 years, a booster should be administered 5 years later and every 5 years thereafter throughout life. C1 [MacNeil, Jessica R.; Patton, Monica; Martin, Stacey W.] CDC, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rubin, Lorry G.] Steven & Alexandra Cohen Childrens Med Ctr New Yo, Advisory Comm Immunizat Practices Meningococcal V, New Hyde Pk, NY USA. [Rubin, Lorry G.] Hofstra Northwell Sch Med, Hempstead, NY USA. [Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R.] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP MacNeil, JR (reprint author), CDC, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmacneil@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 43 BP 1189 EP 1194 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC6MF UT WOS:000388249600003 PM 27811836 ER PT J AU Mbaeyi, C Shukla, H Smith, P Tangermann, RH Martinez, M Jorba, JC Hadler, S Ehrhardt, D AF Mbaeyi, Chukwuma Shukla, Hemant Smith, Philip Tangermann, Rudolf H. Martinez, Maureen Jorba, Jaume C. Hadler, Stephen Ehrhardt, Derek TI Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication - Afghanistan, January 2015-August 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID POLIO ERADICATION; WORLDWIDE AB What is already known about this topic? Afghanistan is one of three countries where indigenous wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission has never been interrupted. The Eastern and Southern regions have been the main areas in Afghanistan with endemic WPV transmission. The last case of WPV type 3 was reported in November 2012, and only WPV type 1 has been detected globally since then. WPV type 2 has been eradicated, with the last case occurring in 1999. What is added by this report? The number of WPV type 1 cases reported in Afghanistan in 2015 declined by 29% from levels reported in 2014, indicating progress toward the eradication of polio in the past year. The establishment of national and regional emergency operations centers has led to some improvements in the quality of immunization activities; however, WPV continues to circulate in the Eastern and Southern regions, and sporadic cases are being reported from previously polio-free areas. Worsening conflict in the Eastern and Northeastern regions is imposing significant constraints on immunization activities in both regions, and cross-border transmission of polio to and from Pakistan remains unresolved. What are the implications for public health practice? Afghanistan faces considerable challenges in its quest to eliminate indigenous poliovirus transmission by the end of the year. To address these challenges, it is important that leaders of the national Polio Eradication Initiative act with a sense of urgency to implement the revised National Emergency Action Plan, leveraging the assets of the emergency operations centers to improve the quality of polio immunization activities. In addition, the worsening security situation in parts of the country calls for renewed negotiations with local authorities and innovative approaches to gain access to vaccinate children in such areas. C1 [Mbaeyi, Chukwuma; Martinez, Maureen; Ehrhardt, Derek] CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shukla, Hemant; Smith, Philip; Tangermann, Rudolf H.] WHO, Polio Eradicat Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. [Jorba, Jaume C.] CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hadler, Stephen] CDC, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mbaeyi, C (reprint author), CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmbaeyi@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 43 BP 1195 EP 1199 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC6MF UT WOS:000388249600004 PM 27811838 ER PT J AU de St Maurice, A Nyakarahuka, L Purpura, L Ervin, E Tumusiime, A Balinandi, S Kayondo, J Mulei, S Namutebi, AM Tusiime, P Wiersma, S Nichol, S Rollin, P Klena, J Knust, B Shoemaker, T AF de St Maurice, Annabelle Nyakarahuka, Luke Purpura, Lawrence Ervin, Elizabeth Tumusiime, Alex Balinandi, Stephen Kayondo, Jackson Mulei, Sophia Namutebi, Anne Marion Tusiime, Patrick Wiersma, Steven Nichol, Stuart Rollin, Pierre Klena, John Knust, Barbara Shoemaker, Trevor TI Rift Valley Fever Response - Kabale District, Uganda, March 2016 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article C1 [de St Maurice, Annabelle; Purpura, Lawrence; Ervin, Elizabeth; Tumusiime, Alex; Balinandi, Stephen; Nichol, Stuart; Rollin, Pierre; Klena, John; Knust, Barbara; Shoemaker, Trevor] CDC, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nyakarahuka, Luke; Kayondo, Jackson; Mulei, Sophia] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. [Namutebi, Anne Marion] Kabale Reg Referral Hosp, Kabale, Uganda. [Tusiime, Patrick] Kabale Dist Hlth Off, Kabale, Uganda. [Wiersma, Steven] Uganda CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. RP de St Maurice, A (reprint author), CDC, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM adestmaurice@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 65 IS 43 BP 1200 EP 1201 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EC6MF UT WOS:000388249600005 PM 27811840 ER PT J AU Nelson, KN Wallace, AS Sodha, SV Daniels, D Dietz, V AF Nelson, Kristin N. Wallace, Aaron S. Sodha, Samir V. Daniels, Danni Dietz, Vance TI Assessing strategies for increasing urban routine immunization coverage of childhood vaccines in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE Vaccination; Urban; Immunization; Slum ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AREAS; VACCINATION; IMPACT; BANGLADESH; SERVICES; PAKISTAN; PROGRAM; VISITS; COSTS AB Introduction: Immunization programs in developing countries increasingly face challenges to ensure equitable delivery of services within cities where rapid urban growth can result in informal settlements, poor living conditions, and heterogeneous populations. A number of strategies have been utilized in developing countries to ensure high community demand and equitable availability of urban immunization services; however, a synthesis of the literature on these strategies has not previously been undertaken. Methods: We reviewed articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2013 that assessed interventions for improving routine immunization coverage in urban areas in low-and middle-income countries. We categorized the intervention in each study into one of three groups: (1) interventions aiming to increase utilization of immunization services; (2) interventions aiming to improve availability of immunization services by healthcare providers, or (3) combined availability and utilization interventions. We summarized the main quantitative outcomes from each study and effective practices from each intervention category. Results: Fifteen studies were identified; 87% from the African, Eastern Mediterranean and Southeast Asian regions of the World Health Organization (WHO). Six studies were randomized controlled trials, eight were pre- and post-intervention evaluations, and one was a cross-sectional study. Four described interventions designed to improve availability of routine immunization services, six studies described interventions that aimed to increase utilization, and five studies aiming to improve both availability and utilization of services. All studies reported positive change in their primary outcome indicator, although seven different primary outcomes indicators were used across studies. Studies varied considerably with respect to the type of intervention assessed, study design, and length of intervention assessment. Conclusion: Few studies have assessed interventions designed explicitly for the unique challenges facing immunization programs in urban areas. Further research on sustainability, scalability, and cost-effectiveness of interventions is needed to fill this gap. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nelson, Kristin N.; Wallace, Aaron S.] Emory Univ, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wallace, Aaron S.; Sodha, Samir V.; Daniels, Danni; Dietz, Vance] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A04, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Nelson, KN (reprint author), Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd,Claudia Nance Rollins Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM knbratt@emory.edu FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 46 BP 5495 EP 5503 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.038 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EA9TT UT WOS:000386988300007 PM 27692772 ER PT J AU Brandileone, MCD Zanella, RC Almeida, SCG Brandao, AP Ribeiro, AF Carvalhanas, TRMP Sato, H Andrade, AL Verani, JR AF Brandileone, Maria-Cristina de C. Zanella, Rosemeire C. Almeida, Samanta C. G. Brandao, Angela P. Ribeiro, Ana F. Carvalhanas, Telma-Regina M. P. Sato, Helena Andrade, Ana-Lucia Verani, Jennifer R. CA Pneumococcal Carriage Study Grp TI Effect of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae among children in Sao Paulo, Brazil SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; Haemophilus influenzae; Pneumococcal colonization; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Pneumococcal serotypes; Pneumococcal carrier ID INVASIVE DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; PROTEIN-D; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SEROTYPE 6C; PHID-CV; COLONIZATION; IMPACT; PCR; ERA AB In March 2010, Brazil introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in the routine infant immunization program using a 4-dose schedule and catch-up for children <23 months. We investigated PCV10 effect on nasopharyngeal carriage with vaccine-type Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) among children in Sao Paulo city. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2010 (baseline) and 2013 (post-PCV10). Healthy PCV-naive children aged 12-23 months were recruited from primary health centers during immunization campaigns. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and tested for Hi; for Spn, all baseline and a stratified random sample of 400 post-PCV10 swabs were tested. We compared vaccine-type Spn and NTHi carriage prevalence pre-/post-PCV10, and used logistic regression to estimate PCV10 effectiveness (1-adjusted odds ratio x 100%). Overall 501 children were included in the baseline and 1167 in the post-PCV10 survey (including 400 tested for Spn). Spn was detected in 40.3% of children at baseline and 48.8% post-PCV10; PCV10 serotypes were found in 19.8% and 1.8% respectively, representing a decline of 90.9% (p < 0.0001). Carriage of vaccine-related serotypes increased (10.8-21.0%, p < 0.0001), driven primarily by a rise in serotype 6C (1.8-11.2%, p < 0.0001); carriage of serotypes 6A and 19A did not significantly change. PCV10 effectiveness (4 doses) against vaccine-type carriage was 97.3% (95% confidence interval 88.7-99.3). NTHi prevalence increased from 26.0% (130/501) to 43.6% (509/1167, p < 0.0001); PCV10 vaccination seemed significantly associated with NTHi carriage, even after adjusting for other known risk factors. Carriage with PCV10 serotypes among toddlers declined dramatically following PCV10 introduction in sao Paulo, Brazil. No protection of PCV10 against NTHi was observed. Our findings contribute to a growing body of evidence of PCV10 impact on vaccine-type carriage and highlight the importance of PCV10 as a tool to reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease in Brazil and globally. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brandileone, Maria-Cristina de C.; Zanella, Rosemeire C.; Almeida, Samanta C. G.; Brandao, Angela P.] IAL, Ctr Bacteriol, Natl Lab Meningitis & Pneumococcal Infect, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Brandao, Angela P.] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Ribeiro, Ana F.] Inst Infect Dis Emilio Ribas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Carvalhanas, Telma-Regina M. P.; Sato, Helena] Secretary Hlth State Sao Paulo, Ctr Epidemiol Surveillance, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Andrade, Ana-Lucia] Univ Fed Goias, Inst Trop Pathol & Publ Hlth, Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Verani, Jennifer R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brandileone, MCD (reprint author), IAL, Ctr Bacteriol, Natl Lab Meningitis & Pneumococcal Infect, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM brandi@ial.sp.gov.br; cobo@ial.sp.gov.br; salmeida@ial.sp.gov.br; abrandao@ial.sp.gov.br; anafribeiro@uol.com.br; telmacarvalhanas@terra.com.br; hsato@cve.saude.sp.gov.br; alssandrade@gmail.com; qzr7@cdc.gov FU Adolfo Lutz Institute; Center of Epidemiologic Surveillance, Secretary of Health of the State of Sao Paulo; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/CNPq; CNPq - Brazil [302175/2010-5, 306096/2010-2] FX This investigation was supported by the Adolfo Lutz Institute and Center of Epidemiologic Surveillance, Secretary of Health of the State of Sao Paulo, and The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/CNPq, M.C.C. Brandileone (Grants No. 302175/2010-5) and A.L. Andrade (Grants No. 306096/2010-2) are fellowships of CNPq - Brazil. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 46 BP 5604 EP 5611 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.027 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EA9TT UT WOS:000386988300021 PM 27692770 ER PT J AU Lin, X Fiebelkorn, AP Pabst, LJ AF Lin, Xia Fiebelkorn, Amy Parker Pabst, Laura J. TI Trends in compliance with two-dose influenza vaccine recommendations in children aged 6 months through 8 years, 2010-2015 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Influenza vaccine; Two-dose compliance; Full influenza vaccination coverage; Timing of dose administration; Children; Immunization information systems ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; SEASON; PREVENTION AB Background: Children aged 6 months through 8 years may require two doses of influenza vaccine for adequate immune response against the disease. However, poor" two-dose compliance has been reported in the literature. Methods: We analyzed data for >2.6 million children from six immunization information system (IIS) sentinel sites, and assessed full vaccination coverage and two-dose compliance in the 2010-2015 influenza vaccination seasons. Full vaccination was defined as having received at least the recommended number of influenza vaccine doses (one or two), based on recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Two-dose compliance was defined as the percentage of children during each season who received at least two doses of influenza vaccine among those who required two doses and initiated the series. Results: Across seasons, >= 1-dose influenza vaccination coverage was mainly unchanged among 6-23 month olds (range: 60.9-66.6%), 2-4 year olds (range: 44.8-47.4%), and 5-8 year olds (range: 34.5-38.9%). However, full vaccination coverage showed increasing trends from 2010-11 season to 2014-15 season (6-23 months: 43.0-46.5%; 2-4 year olds: 26.3-39.7%; 5-8 year olds, 18.5-33.9%). Across seasons, two-dose compliance remained modest in children 6-23 months (range: 63.3-67.6%) and very low in older children (range: 11.6-18.7% in children 2-4 years and 6.8-13.3% in children 5-8 years). In the 2014-15 season, among children who required and received 2 doses, only half completed the two-dose series before influenza activity peaked. Conclusions: Improved messaging of the two-dose influenza vaccine recommendations is needed for providers and parents. Providers are encouraged to determine a child's eligibility for two doses of influenza vaccine using the child's vaccination history, and to vaccinate children early in the season so that two-dose series are completed before influenza peaks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lin, Xia; Fiebelkorn, Amy Parker; Pabst, Laura J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop A19, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Lin, X (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop A19, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM wft4@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The sentinel site project is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 46 BP 5623 EP 5628 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.037 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EA9TT UT WOS:000386988300023 PM 27670074 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, TJ Kang, Y Bridges, CB Talbert, T Vagi, SJ Lamont, B Graitcer, SB AF Fitzgerald, Thomas J. Kang, Yoonjae Bridges, Carolyn B. Talbert, Todd Vagi, Sara J. Lamont, Brock Graitcer, Samuel B. TI Integrating pharmacies into public health program planning for pandemic influenza vaccine response SO VACCINE LA English DT Article ID WILLINGNESS; EMERGENCIES; CARE AB Background: During an influenza pandemic, to achieve early and rapid vaccination coverage and maximize the benefit of an immunization campaign, partnerships between public health agencies and vaccine providers are essential. Immunizing pharmacists represent an important group for expanding access to pandemic vaccination. However, little is known about nationwide coordination between public health programs and pharmacies for pandemic vaccine response planning. Methods: To assess relationships and planning activities between public health programs and pharmacies, we analyzed data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assessments of jurisdictions that received immunization and emergency preparedness funding from 2012 to 2015. Results: Forty-seven (88.7%) of 53 jurisdictions reported including pharmacies in pandemic vaccine distribution plans, 24 (45.3%) had processes to recruit pharmacists to vaccinate, and 16 (30.8%) of 52 established formal relationships with pharmacies. Most jurisdictions plan to allocate less than 10% of pandemic vaccine supply to pharmacies. Discussion: While most jurisdictions plan to include pharmacies as pandemic vaccine providers, work is needed to establish formalized agreements between public health departments and pharmacies to improve pandemic preparedness coordination and ensure that vaccinating pharmacists are fully utilized during a pandemic. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fitzgerald, Thomas J.] IHRC Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fitzgerald, Thomas J.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Fitzgerald, Thomas J.; Kang, Yoonjae; Bridges, Carolyn B.; Lamont, Brock; Graitcer, Samuel B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Talbert, Todd; Vagi, Sara J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div State & Local Readiness, Off Publ Hlth Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fitzgerald, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A19, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ymi8@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 46 BP 5643 EP 5648 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.020 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EA9TT UT WOS:000386988300026 PM 27686834 ER PT J AU Abadom, TR Smith, AD Tempia, S Madhi, SA Cohen, C Cohen, AL AF Abadom, Tochukwu Raphael Smith, Adrian D. Tempia, Stefano Madhi, Shabir A. Cohen, Cheryl Cohen, Adam L. TI Risk factors associated with hospitalisation for influenza-associated severe acute respiratory illness in South Africa: A case-population study SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Risk factors; Hospitalisation; Vaccine ID UNITED-STATES; PNEUMONIA; TUBERCULOSIS; MORTALITY; INFECTION; DEATH; EPIDEMIC; CHILDREN; ONTARIO; GENDER AB Background: Influenza is a common cause of severe respiratory illness, but risk factors for hospitalisation in low income settings with a high HIV prevalence are not well described. We aimed to assess risk factors associated with influenza-associated severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalisation in South Africa. Methods: We conducted a case-population study using data on risk conditions in patients hospitalised with SARI and the national prevalence of these conditions. Data on hospitalised cases were from the national SARI surveillance program while data on the referent population were from the latest national census or health and demographic surveillance surveys. Findings: From 2009 to 2012, we identified 3646 (7.9%) of 46,031 enrolled cases of SARI that were associated with influenza infection. Risk factors associated with hospitalisation included previous history of smoking [case-population ratio (CPR) 3.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5-4.161, HIV infection (CPR 3.61, 95% CI 3.5-3.71), asthma (CPR 2.45, 95% CI 2.19-2.73), previous history of hospital admission in the past 12 months (CPR 2.07, 95% CI 1.92-2.23), and tuberculosis (CPR 1.85, 95% CI 1.68-2.02). When stratified by age, there is increased risk of hospitalisation in those <= 5 years of age (CPR 3.07, 95% CI 2.93-3.21) and among those 35 years of age and above (CPR 1.23, 95% CI 1.28-1.18). Male sex (CPR 0.85, 95% CI 0.82-0.88) and completion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination schedule in children <5 years of age (CPR 0.74, 95% CI 0.71-0.77) were associated with decreased risk of hospitalisation. Conclusion: These results identify groups at high-risk for severe influenza who should be considered potential targets for influenza vaccination in South Africa and similar settings. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abadom, Tochukwu Raphael; Smith, Adrian D.] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England. [Tempia, Stefano; Cohen, Adam L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Program, Pretoria, South Africa. [Madhi, Shabir A.; Cohen, Cheryl] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr Resp Dis & Meningitis, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Tempia, Stefano; Cohen, Adam L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cohen, Adam L.] US PHS, Rockville, MD USA. [Cohen, Adam L.] WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Cohen, AL (reprint author), WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM abadomtochukwu@gmail.com; adrian.smith@dph.ox.ac.uk; stefanot@nicd.ac.za; ShabirM@nicd.ac.za; cherylc@nicd.ac.za; cohena@who.int FU U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford FX This was funded by the U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention and the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 46 BP 5649 EP 5655 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.011 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EA9TT UT WOS:000386988300027 PM 27720448 ER PT J AU Frew, PM Fisher, AK Basket, MM Chung, YM Schamel, J Weiner, JL Mullen, J Omer, SB Orenstein, WA AF Frew, Paula M. Fisher, Allison Kennedy Basket, Michelle M. Chung, Yunmi Schamel, Jay Weiner, Judith L. Mullen, Jennifer Omer, Saad B. Orenstein, Walter A. TI Changes in childhood immunization decisions in the United States: Results froth 2012 & 2014 National Parental Surveys SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccine acceptability; Vaccine delay; Vaccine refusal; Immunization coverage; Vaccine hesitancy ID AREA VACCINATION COVERAGE; AGED 19-35 MONTHS; PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; CHILDREN; REFUSAL; HESITANCY; DELAY; ASSOCIATION; RISK; CONSEQUENCES AB Objective: Understanding the current status of parents' vaccine decision making is crucial to inform public policy. We sought to assess changes in vaccine decisions among parents of young children. Methods: We conducted a web-based national poll of parents of children <7 years in 2012 and 2014. Participants reported vaccine decisions for their youngest child. We calculated survey-weighted population estimates of overall immunizations decisions, and delay/refusal rates for specific vaccines. Results: In 2012, 89.2% (95% CI, 87.3-90.8%)-reported accepting or planning to accept all recommended non-influenza childhood vaccines, 5.5% (4.5-6.6%) reported intentionally delaying one or more, and 5.4% (4.1-6.9%) reported refusing one or more vaccines. In 2014, the acceptance, delay, and refusal rates were 90.8% (89.3-92.1%), 5.6% (4.6-6.9%), and 3.6% (2.8-4.5%), respectively. Between 2012 and 2014, intentional vaccine refusal decreased slightly among parents of older children (2-6 years) but not younger children (0-1 years). The proportion of parents working to catch up on all vaccines increased while those refusing some but not all vaccines decreased. The South experienced a significant increase in estimated acceptance (90.1-94.1%) and a significant decrease in intentional ongoing refusal (5.0-2.1%). Vaccine delay increased in the Northeast (3.2-8.8%). Conclusions: Nationally, acceptance and ongoing intentional delay of recommended non-influenza childhood vaccines were stable. These findings suggest that more effort is warranted to counter persistent vaccine hesitancy, particularly at the local level. Longitudinal monitoring of immunization attitudes is also warranted to evaluate temporal shifts over time and geographically. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Frew, Paula M.; Omer, Saad B.; Orenstein, Walter A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, 1760 Haygood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Frew, Paula M.; Omer, Saad B.; Orenstein, Walter A.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Frew, Paula M.; Fisher, Allison Kennedy; Basket, Michelle M.; Mullen, Jennifer] Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Chung, Yunmi; Schamel, Jay] ORISE, POB 117 MS-36, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Weiner, Judith L.] Northrop Grumman, 2800 Century Pkwy NE, Chamblee, GA 30345 USA. RP Frew, PM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 1760 Haygood Rd,Suite W327, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM pfrew@emory.edu FU U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This research was supported in part by a grant from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the CDC administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and CDC. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 46 BP 5689 EP 5696 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.001 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EA9TT UT WOS:000386988300032 PM 27720447 ER PT J AU Dong, J Ma, Q AF Dong, Jie Ma, Qiang TI Myofibroblasts and lung fibrosis induced by carbon nanotube exposure SO PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Carbon nanotube; Myofibroblast; Lung fibrosis; Animal model; Mechanism; Extracellular matrix ID IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; TRANSFORMING-GROWTH-FACTOR; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; BETA/SMAD SIGNALING PATHWAY; SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN; INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS; INDUCED HEPATIC-FIBROSIS; FIBROBLASTS IN-VITRO; FACTOR-BETA 1; TGF-BETA AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are newly developed materials with unique properties and a range of industrial and commercial applications. A rapid expansion in the production of CNT materials may increase the risk of human exposure to CNTs. Studies in rodents have shown that certain forms of CNTs are potent fibrogenic inducers in the lungs to cause interstitial, bronchial, and pleural fibrosis characterized by the excessive deposition of collagen fibers and the scarring of involved tissues. The cellular and molecular basis underlying the fibrotic response to CNT exposure remains poorly understood. Myofibroblasts are a major type of effector cells in organ fibrosis that secrete copious amounts of extracellular matrix proteins and signaling molecules to drive fibrosis. Myofibroblasts also mediate the mechano-regulation of fibrotic matrix remodeling via contraction of their stress fibers. Recent studies reveal that exposure to CNTs induces the differentiation of myofibroblasts from fibroblasts in vitro and stimulates pulmonary accumulation and activation of myofibroblasts in vivo. Moreover, mechanistic analyses provide insights into the molecular underpinnings of myofibroblast differentiation and function induced by CNTs in the lungs. In view of the apparent fibrogenic activity of CNTs and the emerging role of myofibroblasts in the development of organ fibrosis, we discuss recent findings on CNT-induced lung fibrosis with emphasis on the role of myofibroblasts in the pathologic development of lung fibrosis. Particular attention is given to the formation and activation of myofibroblasts upon CNT exposure and the possible mechanisms by which CNTs regulate the function and dynamics of myofibroblasts in the lungs. It is evident that a fundamental understanding of the myofibroblast and its function and regulation in lung fibrosis will have a major influence on the future research on the pulmonary response to nano exposure, particle and fiber-induced pneumoconiosis, and other human lung fibrosing diseases. C1 [Dong, Jie; Ma, Qiang] NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM qam1@cdc.gov FU National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division; Nanotechnology Research Center FX The study was supported by a fund to QM from National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division and the Nanotechnology Research Center. NR 213 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-8977 J9 PART FIBRE TOXICOL JI Part. Fibre Toxicol. PD NOV 4 PY 2016 VL 13 AR 60 DI 10.1186/s12989-016-0172-2 PG 22 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA EA9ME UT WOS:000386967400002 PM 27814727 ER PT J AU Lin, CJ Nowalk, MP Pavlik, VN Brown, AE Zhang, S Raviotta, JM Moehling, KK Hawk, M Ricci, EM Middleton, DB Patel, S South-Paul, JE Zimmerman, RK AF Lin, Chyongchiou J. Nowalk, Mary Patricia Pavlik, Valory N. Brown, Anthony E. Zhang, Song Raviotta, Jonathan M. Moehling, Krissy K. Hawk, Mary Ricci, Edmund M. Middleton, Donald B. Patel, Suchita South-Paul, Jeannette E. Zimmerman, Richard K. TI Using the 4 pillars (TM) practice transformation program to increase adult influenza vaccination and reduce missed opportunities in a randomized cluster trial SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Influenza vaccine; Immunization; Adults ID PRIMARY-CARE; IMMUNIZATION; METAANALYSIS; PREVENTION; SETTINGS AB Background: An evidence-based, step-by-step guide, the 4 Pillars (TM) Practice Transformation Program, was the foundation of an intervention to increase adult immunizations in primary care and was tested in a randomized controlled cluster trial. The purpose of this study is to report changes in influenza immunization rates and on factors related to receipt of influenza vaccine. Methods: Twenty five primary care practices were recruited in 2013, stratified by city (Houston, Pittsburgh), location (rural, urban, suburban) and type (family medicine, internal medicine), and randomized to the intervention (n = 13) or control (n = 12) in Year 1 (2013-14). A follow-up intervention occurred in Year 2 (2014-15). Demographic and vaccination data were derived from de-identified electronic medical record extractions. Results: A cohort of 70,549 adults seen in their respective practices (n = 24 with 1 drop out) at least once each year was followed. Baseline mean age was 55.1 years, 35 % were men, 21 % were non-white and 35 % were Hispanic. After one year, both intervention and control arms significantly (P < 0.001) increased influenza vaccination, with average increases of 2.7 to 6.5 percentage points. In regression analyses, likelihood of influenza vaccination was significantly higher in sites with lower percentages of patients with missed opportunities (P < 0.001) and, after adjusting for missed opportunities, the intervention further improved vaccination rates in Houston (lower baseline rates) but not Pittsburgh (higher baseline rates). In the follow-up intervention, the likelihood of vaccination increased for both intervention sites and those that reduced missed opportunities (P < 0.005). Conclusions: Reducing missed opportunities across the practice increases likelihood of influenza vaccination of adults. The 4 Pillars (TM) Practice Transformation Program provides strategies for reducing missed opportunities to vaccinate adults. C1 [Lin, Chyongchiou J.; Nowalk, Mary Patricia; Zhang, Song; Raviotta, Jonathan M.; Moehling, Krissy K.; Middleton, Donald B.; South-Paul, Jeannette E.; Zimmerman, Richard K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, 4420 Bayard Rd,Suite 520, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Pavlik, Valory N.; Brown, Anthony E.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hawk, Mary; Ricci, Edmund M.; Zimmerman, Richard K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav & Community Hlth Sci, 130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Patel, Suchita] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brown, Anthony E.] Houston Methodist Primary Care Grp, Houston, TX USA. RP Nowalk, MP (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, 4420 Bayard Rd,Suite 520, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM tnowalk@pitt.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U01 IP000662]; National Institutes of Health [UL1 RR024153, UL1TR000005] FX This investigation was supported by a grant (U01 IP000662) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The views expressed herein are those of those authors and not those of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The project described was also supported by the National Institutes of Health through Grant Numbers UL1 RR024153 and UL1TR000005. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD NOV 3 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 623 DI 10.1186/s12879-016-1940-1 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA EA9NZ UT WOS:000386972300001 PM 27809793 ER PT J AU Worobey, M Watts, TD McKay, RA Suchard, MA Granade, T Teuwen, DE Koblin, BA Heneine, W Lemey, P Jaffe, HW AF Worobey, Michael Watts, Thomas D. McKay, Richard A. Suchard, Marc A. Granade, Timothy Teuwen, Dirk E. Koblin, Beryl A. Heneine, Walid Lemey, Philippe Jaffe, Harold W. TI 1970s and 'Patient 0' HIV-1 genomes illuminate early HIV/AIDS history in North America SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; EPIDEMIC; COHORT; PHYLOGENETICS; EVOLUTION; SPREAD; AIDS AB The emergence of HIV-1 group M subtype B in North American men who have sex with men was a key turning point in the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Phylogenetic studies have suggested cryptic subtype B circulation in the United States (US) throughout the 1970s(1,2) and an even older presence in the Caribbean(2). However, these temporal and geographical inferences, based upon partial HIV-1 genomes that postdate the recognition of AIDS in 1981, remain contentious(3,4) and the earliest movements of the virus within the US are unknown. We serologically screened >2,000 1970s serum samples and developed a highly sensitive approach for recovering viral RNA from degraded archival samples. Here, we report eight coding-complete genomes from US serum samples from 1978-1979-eight of the nine oldest HIV-1 group M genomes to date. This early, full-genome 'snapshot' reveals that the US HIV-1 epidemic exhibited extensive genetic diversity in the 1970s but also provides strong evidence for its emergence from a pre-existing Caribbean epidemic. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses estimate the jump to the US at around 1970 and place the ancestral US virus in New York City with 0.99 posterior probability support, strongly suggesting this was the crucial hub of early US HIV/AIDS diversification. Logistic growth coalescent models reveal epidemic doubling times of 0.86 and 1.12 years for the US and Caribbean, respectively, suggesting rapid early expansion in each location(3). Comparisons with more recent data reveal many of these insights to be unattainable without archival, full-genome sequences. We also recovered the HIV-1 genome from the individual known as 'Patient 0' (ref. 5) and found neither biological nor historical evidence that he was the primary case in the US or for subtype B as a whole. We discuss the genesis and persistence of this belief in the light of these evolutionary insights. C1 [Worobey, Michael; Watts, Thomas D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McKay, Richard A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Hist & Philosophy Sci, Cambridge CB2 3RH, England. [Suchard, Marc A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Biomath, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Granade, Timothy; Heneine, Walid; Jaffe, Harold W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Teuwen, Dirk E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Koblin, Beryl A.] UCB, BE-1070 Brussels, Belgium. [Lemey, Philippe] New York Blood Ctr, Lab Infect Dis Prevent, New York, NY 10065 USA. KU Leuven Univ Leuven, Rega Inst, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Minderbroedersstaat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. RP Worobey, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.; McKay, RA (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Hist & Philosophy Sci, Cambridge CB2 3RH, England. EM worobey@email.arizona.edu; ram78@cam.ac.uk FU NIH/NIAID [R01AI084691]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation (MW); Wellcome Trust [080651]; University of Oxford's Clarendon Fund; Economic and Social Research Council [PTA-026-27-2838]; J. Armand Bombardier Internationalist Fellowship (RAW; the Research Fund KU Leuven (Onderzoeksfonds KU Leuven) [PF/10/018]; 'Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen (FWO) [G066215N]; NSF DMS [1264153]; NIH [R01 HG006139, R01 A1107034] FX We thank C. Stevens and D. Hemmerlein for facilitating access to archival sera: G. -Z. Han, A. Bjork, W. Switzer, V. Sullivan, R. Ruboyianes and P Sprinkle for technical assistance; T Spira and M. Owen for geographical data on some published sequences; and the N1H AIDS Reagent program for providing reference virus samples US657 and HT599. W. W. Darrow led the initial 1982 cluster investigation and provided R.A.M. with access to his copies of archival CDC documents. This work was supported by NIH/NIAID R01AI084691 and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (MW); the Wellcome Trust (080651), the University of Oxford's Clarendon Fund, the Economic and Social Research Council (PTA-026-27-2838), and a J. Armand Bombardier Internationalist Fellowship (RAW; the Research Fund KU Leuven (Onderzoeksfonds KU Leuven, Program Financing no. PF/10/018) and the 'Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen (FWO) (G066215N) (PI); and NSF DMS 1264153, NIH R01 HG006139 and NIH R01 A1107034 (M.A.S.). NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 40 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 3 PY 2016 VL 539 IS 7627 BP 98 EP + DI 10.1038/nature19827 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EA5OJ UT WOS:000386670100037 PM 27783600 ER PT J AU Cong, ME Pau, CP Heneine, W Garcia-Lerma, JG AF Cong, Mian-er Pau, Chou-Pong Heneine, Walid Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo TI Antiretroviral Drug Activity in Macaques Infected during Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Has a Transient Effect on Cell-Associated SHIV DNA Reservoirs SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; PRIMARY HIV-1 INFECTION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AFRICAN WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; EMTRICITABINE; SHIVSF162P3; EFFICACY; THERAPY; VIREMIA AB Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) is a novel HIV prevention strategy. Suboptimal PrEP adherence and HIV infection creates an opportunity for continued antiretroviral drug activity during undiagnosed infection. We previously showed that macaques infected with SHIV during PrEP with FTC/TDF display reduced acute plasma viremias and limited virus diversity. We investigated the effect of PrEP on acute SHIV DNA dynamics and on the size of the persistent virus reservoir in lymphoid tissues. Design Cell-associated SHIV DNA levels in PBMCs were measured in 8 macaques infected during PrEP with FTC/TDF or single-agent TAF and was compared to those seen in untreated infections (n = 10). PrEP breakthrough infections continued treatment with 1-2 weekly drug doses to model suboptimal drug exposure during undiagnosed HIV infection in humans. SHIV DNA was also measured in lymphoid tissues collected from FTC/TDF PrEP breakthroughs after 1 year of infection. Results Compared to untreated controls, PrEP infections had reduced plasma RNA viremias both at peak and throughout weeks 1-12 (p<0.005). SHIV DNA levels were also reduced at peak and during the first 12 weeks of infection (p<0.043) but not throughout weeks 12-20. At 1 year, SHIV DNA reservoirs in lymphoid tissues were similar in size among macaques that received PrEP or placebo. Conclusions Antiviral drug activity due to PrEP limits acute SHIV replication but has only a transient effect on cell-associated SHIV DNA levels. Our model suggests that suboptimal drug exposure in persons that are taking PrEP and become infected with HIV may not be sufficient to reduce the pool of HIV-infected cells, and that treatment intensification may be needed to sustain potential virological benefits from the PrEP regimen. C1 [Cong, Mian-er; Pau, Chou-Pong; Heneine, Walid; Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Garcia-Lerma, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM GGarcia-Lerma@cdc.gov FU CDC intramural funds FX This work was supported by CDC intramural funds. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 2 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0164821 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164821 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EA6DJ UT WOS:000386715500014 PM 27806064 ER PT J AU Rankin, KM Kroelinger, CD DeSisto, CL Pliska, E Akbarali, S Mackie, CN Goodman, DA AF Rankin, Kristin M. Kroelinger, Charlan D. DeSisto, Carla L. Pliska, Ellen Akbarali, Sanaa Mackie, Christine N. Goodman, David A. TI Application of Implementation Science Methodology to Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Policy Roll-Out Across States SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Implementation science; Long-acting reversible contraception; Learning collaborative; Postpartum; Medicaid policy ID COST AB Purpose Providing long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) in the immediate postpartum period is an evidence-based strategy for expanding women's access to highly effective contraception and for reducing unintended and rapid repeat pregnancy. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the application of implementation science methodology to study the complexities of rolling-out policies that promote immediate postpartum LARC use across states. Description The Immediate Postpartum LARC Learning Community, sponsored by the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), is made up of multi-disciplinary, multi-agency teams from 13 early-adopting states with Medicaid reimbursement policies promoting immediate postpartum LARC. Partners include federal agencies and maternal and child health organizations. The Learning Community discussed barriers, opportunities, strategies, and promising practices at an in-person meeting. Implementation science theory and methods, including the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), and a recent compilation of implementation strategies, provide useful tools for studying the complexities of implementing immediate postpartum LARC policies in birthing facilities across early adopting states. Assessment To demonstrate the utility of this framework for guiding the expansion of immediate postpartum LARC policies, illustrative examples of barriers and strategies discussed during the in-person ASTHO Learning Community meeting are organized by the five CFIR domains-intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, characteristics of the individuals involved, and process. Conclusion States considering adopting policies can learn from ASTHO's Immediate Postpartum LARC Learning Community. Applying implementation science principles may lead to more effective statewide scale-up of immediate postpartum LARC and other evidence-based strategies to improve women and children's health. C1 [Rankin, Kristin M.; DeSisto, Carla L.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, 1603 Taylor St M-c 923, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Kroelinger, Charlan D.; Goodman, David A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Hlth Epidemiol Program, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pliska, Ellen; Akbarali, Sanaa; Mackie, Christine N.] Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Arlington, VA USA. RP Rankin, KM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, 1603 Taylor St M-c 923, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM krankin@uic.edu FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 EI 1573-6628 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 20 SU 1 BP S173 EP S179 DI 10.1007/s10995-016-2002-4 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EK9VU UT WOS:000394272800020 PM 27085341 ER PT J AU Shellhaas, C Conrey, E Crane, D Lorenz, A Wapner, A Oza-Frank, R Bouchard, J AF Shellhaas, Cynthia Conrey, Elizabeth Crane, Dushka Lorenz, Allison Wapner, Andrew Oza-Frank, Reena Bouchard, Jo TI The Ohio Gestational Diabetes Postpartum Care Learning Collaborative: Development of a Quality Improvement Initiative to Improve Systems of Care for Women SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Gestational diabetes; Quality improvement; Postpartum care ID MELLITUS; HISTORY; PREVENTION; RATES AB Objectives To improve clinical practice and increase postpartum visit Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) screening rates in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods We recruited clinical sites with at least half of pregnant patients enrolled in Medicaid to participate in an 18-month quality improvement (QI) project. To support clinical practice changes, we developed provider and patient toolkits with educational and clinical practice resources. Clinical subject-matter experts facilitated a learning network to train sites and promote discussion and learning among sites. Sites submitted data from patient chart reviews monthly for key measures that we used to provide rapid-cycle feedback. Providers were surveyed at completion regarding toolkit usefulness and satisfaction. Results Of fifteen practices recruited, twelve remained actively engaged. We disseminated more than 70 provider and 2345 patient toolkits. Documented delivery of patient education improved for timely GDM prenatal screening, reduction of future T2DM risk, smoking cessation, and family planning. Sites reported toolkits were useful and easy to use. Of women for whom postpartum data were available, 67 % had a documented postpartum visit and 33 % had a postpartum T2DM screen. Lack of information sharing between prenatal and postpartum care providers was are barriers to provision and documentation of care. Conclusions for Practice QI and toolkit resources may improve the quality of prenatal education. However, postpartum care did not reach optimal levels. Future work should focus on strategies to support coordination of care between obstetrical and primary care providers. C1 [Shellhaas, Cynthia; Conrey, Elizabeth; Wapner, Andrew; Bouchard, Jo] Ohio Dept Hlth, 246 N High St, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. [Shellhaas, Cynthia; Oza-Frank, Reena] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Conrey, Elizabeth] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Crane, Dushka; Lorenz, Allison] Ohio Coll Med Govt Resource Ctr, 150 Pressey Hall,1070 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Oza-Frank, Reena] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Ctr Perinatal Res, 700 Childrens Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. RP Shellhaas, C (reprint author), Ohio Dept Hlth, 246 N High St, Columbus, OH 43215 USA.; Shellhaas, C (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM cynthia.shellhaas@osumc.edu FU Ohio Office of Health Transformation FX The Ohio Office of Health Transformation. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 EI 1573-6628 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 20 SU 1 BP S71 EP S80 DI 10.1007/s10995-016-2170-2 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EK9VU UT WOS:000394272800010 PM 27502198 ER PT J AU Stacey, P Thorpe, A Mogridge, R Lee, T Harper, M AF Stacey, Peter Thorpe, Andrew Mogridge, Rhiannon Lee, Taekhee Harper, Martin TI A New Miniature Respirable Sampler for In-mask Sampling: Part 1-Particle Size Selection Performance SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE crystalline silica; filtering facepiece; inward leakage; mask; miniature; respirable; respiratory protective equipment; RPE; sampler ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DUST SAMPLERS; COAL-DUST; QUARTZ AB The Health and Safety Laboratory has developed a miniature respirable sampler to gain a better understanding of the exposure of workers to hazardous substances when they are wearing respiratory protective equipment (RPE) or helmets with visors in the workplace. The study was in two parts and the first part, described herein, was to develop the sampler and test its collection characteristics. Assessment of the impact of the sampler on RPE safety and its comparability with traditional laboratory-based approaches to measure protection factors was discussed in a second article. The miniature sampler (weight-5.4 g, length-13 mm) was designed to fit into the space available between the nose and chin of an individual inside a filtering facepiece type mask and has a radially omnidirectional inlet with a porous foam particle selector that allows the collection of the respirable fraction on a downstream filter. The sampling efficiency was compared with the respirable convention. A close match with the respirable convention was obtained at a flow rate of 1 l min(-1) and the 50% penetration cut off value (d(50)) was 4.08 mu m. After 3 hours sampling in high humidity (95%), the penetration curve had shifted towards smaller particle sizes (d(50) = 3.81 mu m) with 88% of the calculated bias values within 10%. The miniature sampler measured respirable dust and crystalline silica mass concentrations comparable with performance of the Safety In Mines Personal Dust Sampler (SIMPEDS), commonly used in Great Britain, at a flow rate of 0.8 l min(-1). The d 50 for the miniature sampler at 0.8 l min(-1) (4.4 mu m) is within 5% of the d 50 of the SIMPEDS at its prescribed flow rate of 2.2 l min(-1) (4.2 mu m). These results indicated that the miniature sampler was a good candidate to proceed with tests with RPE described in the second part of this series of two papers. C1 [Stacey, Peter; Thorpe, Andrew; Mogridge, Rhiannon] Hlth & Safety Execut, Div Sci, Hlth & Safety Lab, Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN, England. [Lee, Taekhee; Harper, Martin] NIOSH, Exposure Assessment Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Stacey, P (reprint author), Hlth & Safety Execut, Div Sci, Hlth & Safety Lab, Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN, England. EM peter.stacey@hsl.gsi.gov.uk FU Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Exposome Strategic Research Programme; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health FX This publication and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Exposome Strategic Research Programme and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect HSE policy or the official position of the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention/the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 EI 1475-3162 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1072 EP 1083 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mew053 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA EJ8IJ UT WOS:000393468600004 PM 27630151 ER PT J AU Crawford, A Benard, V King, J Thomas, CC AF Crawford, Anatasha Benard, Vicki King, Jessica Thomas, Cheryll C. TI Understanding Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in Women With Access to Care, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2014 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BREAST; DISEASE AB Cervical cancer screening can save lives when abnormal cervical lesions and early cancers are detected and treated; however, many women are not screened as recommended. We used the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey to examine nonfinancial barriers to cervical cancer screening among women who reported having insurance and a personal doctor or health care provider. Among these women, a higher proportion who were never or rarely screened reported having multiple chronic conditions. The results of this study underscore the importance of incorporating preventive clinical services into the management of one or more chronic conditions. Objective Widespread use of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test has decreased cervical cancer incidence and deaths. Over half of all new cervical cancers are estimated to occur in women who have never or rarely been screened (1). Limited or no access to health care is a known barrier to screening (2). In a 2012 study of women with no cervical cancer screening in the past 5 years, nearly 70% had health insurance and a regular doctor or health care provider (3). This analysis examines nonfinancial barriers to meeting cervical screening recommendations, focusing on women aged 40 to 65 years who may be seeking other preventive screening (eg, mammogram, colonoscopy) (4). Methods The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey is a state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized adult population of the United States (5). Survey data were available for all 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2014. Women were asked if they had ever had a Pap test and if so, when this test was last performed. We selected women who were aged 40 to 65 years, reported having medical insurance and at least one personal doctor or health care provider, had not had a hysterectomy, and were not pregnant at the time of the survey. In addition to screening with a Pap test alone every 3 years, current cervical cancer screening recommendations include the use of the human papillomavirus (HPV) test with the Pap test every 5 years (4). Because HPV testing rates could not be assessed for all 50 states and the District of Columbia, respondents were categorized as never or rarely screened if they reported never having a Pap test or not having one in more than 5 years to account for the possibility that a woman may have had an HPV test (women aged 30 to 65 years who want to lengthen the screening interval and be screened with a combination of Pap test and HPV test every 5 years). Comparisons were made with women who were up to date with screening (Pap test within 3 years). Respondents who refused to answer or answered "don't know or not sure" were excluded. Eleven chronic conditions (heart attack, heart disease, stroke, asthma, skin cancer, cancer other than skin, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], arthritis, depression, kidney disease, and diabetes) were ascertained by BRFSS and analyzed for this study. BRFSS data were weighted by using advanced raking techniques (6) and were age-adjusted to the 2014 BRFSS population. We performed.2 testing to compare the characteristics of the respondents across screening history (screened versus never or rarely screened). Results All variables were significant (except " asthma now" and cancer other than skin") when comparing screened versus never or rarely screened women (P <.05) (Table). Compared with women screened on time, a higher proportion of women never or rarely screened were aged 60 to 65 years (27.6%), Asian/Pacific Islander (7.0%), never married (16.2%), obese (37.3%), current smokers (25.6%), and had an annual income less than $ 10,000 (11%). A significantly higher proportion of preventive care measures (mammogram [83.2%], clinical breast examination [73.6%], and colorectal cancer screening [69.9%]) were observed among women who received timely cervical cancer screening when compared with women never or rarely screened (P=.001). Women who were never or rarely screened for cervical cancer had a higher prevalence of ever reporting 1 of 7 chronic conditions: heart disease (4.9%), COPD (13.7%), arthritis (38.1%), depression (31.4%), kidney disease (3.8%), or diabetes (15.4%) than women who were regularly screened (P <.01). Higher proportions of never or rarely screened women also reported having had a heart attack (4.2%) or a stroke (4.5%) in their lifetime than regularly screened women. Women with skin cancer were more likely to be screened for cervical cancer (6.1%, P=.004); however, there was no significant difference (P=.05) in the proportions of women screened for cervical cancer who had had other forms of cancer. A significantly higher proportion of women (P=.001) who were never or rarely screened had more than 1 or 2 chronic conditions (3 or 4 chronic conditions, 16.6%; 5 or more chronic conditions, 3.8%) (Figure). Women screened every 3 years were more likely to have no chronic conditions (48.0%, P=.001). [GRAPHICS] Discussion When we examined factors related to cervical cancer screening among women who reported having health insurance and access to a regular doctor or health care provider, a larger proportion of women with multiple chronic conditions reported not receiving the recommended screening for cervical cancer. Our findings were similar to others indicating that insured women with arthritis, diabetes, and myocardial infarction were less likely to be screened for cervical cancer (7-10). In addition, we found that a larger proportion of women with COPD, depression, heart disease, or kidney disease did not adhere to cervical cancer screening recommendations compared with women without these conditions. Studies of women with chronic conditions who received regular health care from primary care physicians and specialists showed similar findings when examining breast and colorectal cancer screening (8,11). Limitations of this study are not examining younger women who were eligible for screening and using self-reported survey data. Previous studies suggest that age, lack of awareness, lack of transportation, fatalistic health beliefs, low health literacy, poor patient compliance to provider recommendations, and low-quality health care services may prevent insured women with chronic conditions from obtaining timely cervical cancer screening (3,7,12). The primary reason women adhere to timely cancer screening is because of encouragement from a provider; however, disease management for women with multiple chronic conditions is given greater priority than disease prevention (7,9). Additional research is recommended to determine if physicians can effectively balance managing patients' chronic conditions and ensuring that patients receive recommended preventive care services. C1 [Benard, Vicki; King, Jessica; Thomas, Cheryll C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Crawford, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wwp6@cdc.gov FU US Department of Energy; CDC FX This research was supported in part by the appointment of M.L.S. to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and CDC. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 13 AR 160225 DI 10.5888/pcd13.160225 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ3JU UT WOS:000393109300004 ER PT J AU Weir, HK Anderson, RN King, SMC Soman, A Thompson, TD Hong, YL Moller, B Leadbetter, S AF Weir, Hannah K. Anderson, Robert N. King, Sallyann M. Coleman Soman, Ashwini Thompson, Trevor D. Hong, Yuling Moller, Bjorn Leadbetter, Steven TI Heart Disease and Cancer Deaths - Trends and Projections in the United States, 1969-2020 SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; NORDIC COUNTRIES; RISK-FACTORS; PREDICTION; MORTALITY; NATION AB Introduction Heart disease and cancer are the first and second leading causes of death in the United States. Age-standardized death rates (risk) have declined since the 1960s for heart disease and for cancer since the 1990s, whereas the overall number of heart disease deaths declined and cancer deaths increased. We analyzed mortality data to evaluate and project the effect of risk reduction, population growth, and aging on the number of heart disease and cancer deaths to the year 2020. Methods We used mortality data, population estimates, and population projections to estimate and predict heart disease and cancer deaths from 1969 through 2020 and to apportion changes in deaths resulting from population risk, growth, and aging. Results We predicted that from 1969 through 2020, the number of heart disease deaths would decrease 21.3% among men (-73.9% risk, 17.9% growth, 34.7% aging) and 13.4% among women (-73.3% risk, 17.1% growth, 42.8% aging) while the number of cancer deaths would increase 91.1% among men (-33.5% risk, 45.6% growth, 79.0% aging) and 101.1% among women (-23.8% risk, 48.8% growth, 76.0% aging). We predicted that cancer would become the leading cause of death around 2016, although sex-specific crossover years varied. Conclusion Risk of death declined more steeply for heart disease than cancer, offset the increase in heart disease deaths, and partially offset the increase in cancer deaths resulting from demographic changes over the past 4 decades. If current trends continue, cancer will become the leading cause of death by 2020. C1 [Anderson, Robert N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. [King, Sallyann M. Coleman; Hong, Yuling] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Soman, Ashwini] Northrop Grumman Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Thompson, Trevor D.; Leadbetter, Steven] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Moller, Bjorn] Canc Registry Norway, Dept Registrat, Oslo, Norway. RP Weir, HK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F76, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hbw4@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 13 AR 160211 DI 10.5888/pcd13.160211 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ3JU UT WOS:000393109300007 ER PT J AU Anderson, AR AF Anderson, Ayana R. TI Characterization of Chemical Suicides in the United States and Its Adverse Impact on Responders and Bystanders SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Introduction: A suicide trend that involves mixing household chemicals to produce hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen cyanide, commonly referred to as a detergent, hydrogen sulfide, or chemical suicide is a continuing problem in the United States (U.S.). Because there is not one database responsible for tracking chemical suicides, the actual number of incidents in the U.S. is unknown. To prevent morbidity and mortality associated with chemical suicides, it is important to characterize the incidents that have occurred in the U.S. Methods: The author analyzed data from 2011-2013 from state health departments participating in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's National Toxic Substance Incidents Program (NTSIP). NTSIP is a web-based chemical incident surveillance system that tracks the public health consequences (e.g., morbidity, mortality) from acute chemical releases. Reporting sources for NTSIP incidents typically include first responders, hospitals, state environmental agencies, and media outlets. To find chemical suicide incidents in NTSIP's database, the author queried open text fields in the comment, synopsis, and contributing factors variables for potential incidents. Results: Five of the nine states participating in NTSIP reported a total of 22 chemical suicide incidents or attempted suicides during 2011-2013. These states reported a total of 43 victims: 15 suicide victims who died, seven people who attempted suicide but survived, eight responders, and four employees working at a coroner's office; the remainder were members of the general public. None of the injured responders reported receiving HazMat technician-level training, and none had documented appropriate personal protective equipment. Conclusion: Chemical suicides produce lethal gases that can pose a threat to responders and bystanders. Describing the characteristics of these incidents can help raise awareness among responders and the public about the dangers of chemical suicides. Along with increased awareness, education is also needed on how to protect themselves. C1 [Anderson, Ayana R.] Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Anderson, AR (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ing9@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTJEM PI ORANGE PA C/O SHAHRAM LOTFIPOUR, MD, MPH, 333 CITY BLVD W STE 640, RT 128-01, ORANGE, CA 92868 USA SN 1936-900X EI 1936-9018 J9 WEST J EMERG MED JI West. J. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 17 IS 6 BP 680 EP 683 DI 10.5811/westjem.2016.9.32267 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA EL1ER UT WOS:000394363800002 PM 27833671 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Jakicic, JM Lewis, CE Regensteiner, JG Pi-Sunyer, X Wing, RR Curtis, JM Yanovski, SZ Evans, M Lang, W Neiberg, RH Ribisl, PM Gregg, EW Jakicic, JM Blackburn, G Bloomquist, P Bray, GA Clark, JM Coday, M Curtis, JRM Egan, C Evans, M Foreyt, JP Foster, GD Hazuda, HP Hill, JO Horton, ES Hubbard, VS Ery, RWJ Johnson, KC Abbas Kitabchi Knowler, WC Kriska, A Lang, W Lewis, CE Montez, MG Nathan, DM Neiberg, RH Patricio, J Peters, A Pi-Sunyer, X Pownall, H Redmon, B Regensteiner, JG Rejeski, WJ Ribisl, PM Ord, MS Stewart, K Trence, D Wadden, TA Wing, RR Yanovski, SZ AF Gregg, Edward W. Jakicic, John M. Lewis, Cora E. Regensteiner, Judith G. Pi-Sunyer, Xavier Wing, Rena R. Curtis, Jeffrey M. Yanovski, Susan Z. Evans, Mary Lang, Wei Neiberg, Rebecca H. Ribisl, Paul M. Gregg, Edward W. Jakicic, John M. Blackburn, George Bloomquist, Paul Bray, George A. Clark, Jeanne M. Coday, Mace Curtis, Jeff Rey M. Egan, Caitlin Evans, Mary Foreyt, John P. Foster, Gary D. Hazuda, Helen P. Hill, James O. Horton, Edward S. Hubbard, Van S. Ery, Robert W. Jeff Johnson, Karen C. Abbas Kitabchi Knowler, William C. Kriska, Andrea Lang, Wei Lewis, Cora E. Montez, Maria G. Nathan, David M. Neiberg, Rebecca H. Patricio, Jennifer Peters, Anne Pi-Sunyer, Xavier Pownall, Henry Redmon, Bruce Regensteiner, Judith G. Rejeski, W. Jack Ribisl, Paul M. Ord, Monika Saff Stewart, Kerry Trence, Dace Wadden, Thomas A. Wing, Rena R. Yanovski, Susan Z. CA Look AHEAD Res Grp TI Association of the magnitude of weight loss and changes in physical fitness with long-term cardiovascular disease outcomes in overweight or obese people with type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD randomised clinical trial SO LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; BODY-MASS; BONE LOSS; PREVENTION; ADULTS; METAANALYSIS; RISK AB Background Findings from the Look AHEAD trial showed no significant reductions in the primary outcome of cardiovascular disease incidence in adults with type 2 diabetes randomly assigned to an intensive lifestyle intervention for weight loss compared with those randomly assigned to diabetes support and education (control). We examined whether the incidence of cardiovascular disease in Look AHEAD varied by changes in weight or fitness. Methods Look AHEAD was a randomised clinical trial done at 16 clinical sites in the USA, recruiting patients from Aug 22, 2001, to April 30, 2004. In the trial, 5145 overweight or obese adults aged 45-76 years with type 2 diabetes were assigned (1: 1) to an intensive lifestyle intervention or diabetes support and education. In this observational, post-hoc analysis, we examined the association of magnitude of weight loss and fitness change over the first year with incidence of cardiovascular disease. The primary outcome of the trial and of this analysis was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or admission to hospital for angina. The secondary outcome included the same indices plus coronary artery bypass grafting, carotid endartectomy, percutaneous coronary intervention, hospitalisation for congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, or total mortality. We adjusted analyses for baseline differences in weight or fitness, demographic characteristics, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The Look AHEAD trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00017953. Findings For the analyses related to weight change, we excluded 311 ineligible participants, leaving a population of 4834; for the analyses related to fitness change, we excluded 739 participants, leaving a population of 4406. In analyses of the full cohort (ie, combining both study groups), over a median 10.2 years of follow-up (IQR 9.5-10.7), individuals who lost at least 10% of their bodyweight in the first year of the study had a 21% lower risk of the primary outcome (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.98; p=0.034) and a 24% reduced risk of the secondary outcome (adjusted HR 0.76,95% CI 0.63-0.91; p=0.003) compared with individuals with stable weight or weight gain. Achieving an increase of at least 2 metabolic equivalents in fitness change was associated with a significant reduction in the secondary outcome (adjusted HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.96; p=0.023) but not the primary outcome (adjusted HR 0.78,0.60-1.03; p=0.079). In analyses treating the control group as the reference group, participants in the intensive lifestyle intervention group who lost at least 10% of their bodyweight had a 20% lower risk of the primary outcome (adjusted HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.99; p=0.039), and a 21% lower risk of the secondary outcome (adjusted HR 0.79,95% CI 0.66-0.95; p=0.011); however, change in fitness was not significantly associated with a change in the primary outcome. Interpretation The results of this post-hoc analysis of Look AHEAD suggest an association between the magnitude of weight loss and incidence of cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes. These findings suggest a need to continue to refine approaches to identify individuals who are most likely to benefit from lifestyle interventions and to develop strategies to improve the magnitude of sustained weight loss with lifestyle interventions. C1 [Gregg, Edward W.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM edg7@cdc.gov FU US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases FX US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2213-8587 J9 LANCET DIABETES ENDO JI Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 4 IS 11 BP 913 EP 921 DI 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30162-0 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA EJ2FM UT WOS:000393025500027 ER PT J AU Li, CS Ansari, A Bartizel, C Battisti, P Franck, D Gerstmann, U Giardina, I Guichet, C Hammond, D Hartmann, M Jones, RL Kim, E Ko, R Morhard, R Quayle, D Sadi, B Saunders, D Paquet, F AF Li, Chunsheng Ansari, Armin Bartizel, Christine Battisti, Paolo Franck, Didier Gerstmann, Udo Giardina, Isabella Guichet, Claude Hammond, Derek Hartmann, Martina Jones, Robert L. Kim, Eunjoo Ko, Raymond Morhard, Ryan Quayle, Deborah Sadi, Baki Saunders, David Paquet, Francois TI GHSI EMERGENCY RADIONUCLIDE BIOASSAY LABORATORY NETWORK: SUMMARY OF A RECENT EXERCISE SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB The Global Health Security Initiative (GHSI) established a laboratory network within the GHSI community to develop their collective surge capacity for radionuclide bioassay in response to a radiological or nuclear emergency. A recent exercise was conducted to test the participating laboratories for their capabilities in screening and in vitro assay of biological samples, performing internal dose assessment and providing advice on medical intervention, if necessary, using a urine sample spiked with a single radionuclide, Am-241. The laboratories were required to submit their reports according to the exercise schedule and using pre-formatted templates. Generally, the participating laboratories were found to be capable with respect to rapidly screening samples for radionuclide contamination, measuring the radionuclide in the samples, assessing the intake and radiation dose, and providing advice on medical intervention. However, gaps in bioassay measurement and dose assessment have been identified. The network may take steps to ensure that procedures and practices within this network be harmonised and a follow-up exercise be organised on a larger scale, with potential participation of laboratories from the networks coordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Health Organization. C1 [Li, Chunsheng; Ko, Raymond; Quayle, Deborah; Sadi, Baki] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Ansari, Armin; Jones, Robert L.; Saunders, David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bartizel, Christine; Franck, Didier; Paquet, Francois] Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, St Paul Les Durance, France. [Battisti, Paolo; Giardina, Isabella] ENEA, Inst Radiat Protect, Rome, Italy. [Gerstmann, Udo; Hartmann, Martina] Bundesamt Strahlenschutz, Berlin, Germany. [Guichet, Claude] Commissariat Energie Atom, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Hammond, Derek] Publ Hlth England, Chilton, England. [Kim, Eunjoo] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba, Japan. [Morhard, Ryan] Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Li, CS (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM li.chunsheng@hc-sc.gc.ca NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 EI 1742-3406 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 171 IS 3 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncv386 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA EJ4GM UT WOS:000393174900008 PM 26405219 ER PT J AU Lozier, M Turcios-Ruiz, RM Noonan, G Ordunez, P AF Lozier, Matthew Turcios-Ruiz, Reina Maria Noonan, Gary Ordunez, Pedro TI Chronic kidney disease of nontraditional etiology in Central America: a provisional epidemiologic case definition for surveillance and epidemiologic studies SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Renal insufficiency; chronic; kidney diseases; nephritis; chronic disease; epidemiological surveillance; diagnosis; differential; Central America ID SALVADORAN AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; MESOAMERICAN NEPHROPATHY; RISK-FACTORS; UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY; EL-SALVADOR; PREVALENCE AB Over the last two decades, experts have reported a rising number of deaths caused by chronic kidney disease (CKD) along the Pacific coast of Central America, from southern Mexico to Costa Rica. However, this specific disease is not associated with traditional causes of CKD, such as aging, diabetes, or hypertension. Rather, this disease is a chronic interstitial nephritis termed chronic kidney disease of nontraditional etiology (CKDnT). According to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) mortality database, there are elevated rates of deaths related to kidney disease in many of these countries, with the highest rates being reported in El Salvador and Nicaragua. This condition has been identified in certain agricultural communities, predominantly among male farmworkers. Since CKD surveillance systems in Central America are under development or nonexistent, experts and governmental bodies have recommended creating standardized case definitions for surveillance purposes to monitor and characterize this epidemiological situation. A group of experts from Central American ministries of health, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and PAHO held a workshop in Guatemala to discuss CKDnT epidemiologic case definitions. In this paper, we propose that CKD in general be identified by the standard definition internationally accepted and that a suspect case of CKDnT be defined as a person age < 60 years with CKD, without type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertensive diseases, and other well-known causes of CKD. A probable case of CKDnT is defined as a suspect case with the same findings confirmed three or more months later. C1 [Lozier, Matthew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Turcios-Ruiz, Reina Maria] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global Hlth Protect, Cent Amer Reg Off, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Noonan, Gary] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ordunez, Pedro] WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Noncommunicable Dis Unit, Washington, DC USA. RP Lozier, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM mlozier@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD NOV PY 2016 VL 40 IS 5 BP 294 EP 300 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EJ4UT UT WOS:000393213100002 PM 28076577 ER PT J AU Flood, TJ Rienks, CM Flores, AL Mai, CT Frohnert, BK Rutkowski, RE Evans, JA Kirby, RS AF Flood, Timothy J. Rienks, Chelsea M. Flores, Alina L. Mai, Cara T. Frohnert, Barbara K. Rutkowski, Rachel E. Evans, Jane A. Kirby, Russell S. TI Using State and Provincial Surveillance Programs to Reduce Risk of Recurrence of Neural Tube Defects in the United States and Canada: A Missed Opportunity? SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neural tube defect; recurrence; prevention; spina bifida; anencephaly; folic acid ID FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVENTION; KNOWLEDGE; FORTIFICATION; WOMEN; CARE AB Background: Once a woman has had a fetus or infant affected with a neural tube defect (NTD), the risk of recurrence is approximately 3%. This risk can be significantly reduced by folic acid supplement consumption during the periconceptional period; however, this requires women at risk to be adequately informed about the appropriate dosage and timing of supplement intake before planning another pregnancy. As birth defects surveillance programs are tasked with identifying and documenting NTD-affected pregnancies and births, they are in a unique position to support recurrence prevention activities. Methods: In 2015, we surveyed state and provincial birth defects surveillance programs to assess their NTD recurrence prevention activities. The online survey was sent to programs in 52 United States (U.S.) jurisdictions and all 13 provinces and territories in Canada. Findings were compared with a similar survey conducted in 2005 among U.S. programs. Results: In 2015, of the 44 U.S. and Canadian surveillance programs that responded, only 9 programs (7 U.S. and 2 Canadian) reported currently having activities specifically directed toward preventing NTD recurrence. Compared with a 2005 survey of U.S. programs, the number of U.S. programs working on NTD recurrence prevention decreased by almost 50% (from 13 to 7 programs). Conclusion: The number of birth defects surveillance programs with NTD recurrence prevention activities has decreased over the past decade due to a range of barriers, most notably a lack of resources. However, while some recurrence prevention activities require part-time staff, other activities could be accomplished using minimal resources. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Flood, Timothy J.] Arizona Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Rienks, Chelsea M.; Flores, Alina L.; Mai, Cara T.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frohnert, Barbara K.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Birth Defects Monitoring & Anal, St Paul, MN USA. [Rutkowski, Rachel E.; Kirby, Russell S.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. [Evans, Jane A.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biochem & Med Genet, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Flood, TJ (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Arizona Birth Defects Monitoring Program, 150 N 18th Ave,Suite 550, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. EM timothy.flood@azdhs.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 106 IS 11 SI SI BP 875 EP 880 DI 10.1002/bdra.23576 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA EI9HC UT WOS:000392817500003 PM 27891782 ER PT J AU Allori, AC Cragan, JD Cassell, CH Marcus, JR AF Allori, Alexander C. Cragan, Janet D. Cassell, Cynthia H. Marcus, Jeffrey R. TI ICD-10 Based Expanded Code Set for Use in Cleft Lip/Palate Research and Surveillance SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cleft lip; cleft palate; orofacial cleft; ICD-10; ICD-10-CM; classification; coding ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; CLASSIFICATION AB Background: On October 1, 2015, the United States required use of the Clinical Modification of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10-CM) for diagnostic coding. The ICD-10-CM code set is limited to gross categories for cleft lip and/or cleft palate (using only four of a possible seven characters). Methods: Herein, a clinically useful expansion of the ICD-10-CM code set is proposed to improve the diagnostic accuracy necessary for individual clinical, research, and statistical projects that require it. (This is similar to how the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/British Paediatric Association Code served to extend the ICD-9 code base.) Results: Our proposed expansion does not replace the required use of ICD-10-CM for clinical, administrative, or financial transactions. Rather, it is offered as an optional set of cleft codes that could be used in parallel to document true classification-level data with phenotypic accuracy. Conclusion: The expanded set is "collapsible" into the official ICD-10-CM codes; this improves compatibility of the expanded codes that would be contained in research and epidemiologic databases with the standard codes from hospital electronic medical record systems and administrative billing data. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Allori, Alexander C.; Marcus, Jeffrey R.] Duke Univ, Hosp & Childrens Hlth Ctr, Div Plast Maxillofacial & Oral Surg, Durham, NC USA. [Cragan, Janet D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, NCBDDD, Atlanta, GA USA. [Cassell, Cynthia H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Allori, AC (reprint author), Duke Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Duke Cleft & Craniofacial Ctr, DUMC Plast Maxillofacial & Oral Surg 3974, 200 Trent Dr & Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM alexander@allorimd.info FU Plastic Surgery Foundation [273938] FX Supported by the generous support of the Plastic Surgery Foundation 2013 Pilot Research Grant #273938 ("Development of Cleft Lip and Palate Outcome Measures). This project was presented in part at the 71st annual meeting of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA) in Indianapolis on March 29, 2014. We thank the following for their input in preparation of this work: John B. Mulliken, MD; John G. Meara, MD, DDS, MBA; Bonnie Padwa, DMD, MD; Richard Bruun, DDS; Stephen Shusterman, DMD; Pedro Santiago, DMD; Eileen Raynor, MD; Ann Mabie, CCC-A. We also thank Gina Della Porta, MHS, for her kind assistance editing this work. Permission for publication has been received from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) after review by the National Center on Health Statistics (NCHS) and National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 106 IS 11 SI SI BP 905 EP 914 DI 10.1002/bdra.23544 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA EI9HC UT WOS:000392817500007 PM 27891780 ER PT J AU Ailes, EC Simeone, RM Dawson, AL Petersen, EE Gilboa, SM AF Ailes, Elizabeth C. Simeone, Regina M. Dawson, April L. Petersen, Emily E. Gilboa, Suzanne M. TI Using Insurance Claims Data to Identify and Estimate Critical Periods in Pregnancy: An Application to Antidepressants SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; antidepressant; claims data; MarketScan; medication; SSRI ID UNITED-STATES; MEDICATION USE; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; SURVEILLANCE; EXPOSURE; EPISODES; OUTCOMES; SYSTEM AB Background: Health insurance claims are a rich data source to examine medication use in pregnancy. Our objective was to identify pregnant women, their pregnancy outcomes, and date of their last menstrual period (LMP), and to estimate antidepressant dispensations in pregnancy. Methods: From a literature search, we identified diagnosis and procedure codes indicating the end of a pregnancy. Using Truven Health MarketScan (R) Commercial Claims and Encounters Databases, we identified all inpatient admissions and outpatient service claims with these codes. We developed an algorithm to assign: (1) pregnancy outcome (ectopic pregnancy, induced or spontaneous abortion, live birth, or stillbirth), and (2) estimated gestational age, to each inpatient or outpatient visit. For each pregnancy outcome, we estimated the LMP as the admission (for inpatient visits) or service (for outpatient visits) date minus the gestational age. To differentiate visits associated with separate pregnancies, we required >= 2 months between one pregnancy outcomes and the LMP of the next pregnancy. We used this algorithm to identify pregnancies in 2013 and to estimate the proportion of women who filled a prescription for an antidepressant from an outpatient pharmacy at various time points in pregnancy. Results: We identified 488,887 pregnancies in 2013; 79% resulted in a live birth. A prescription for an antidepressant was filled in 6.2% of pregnancies. Dispensations varied throughout pregnancy and were lowest (3.1%) during the second trimester. Conclusion: This work will inform future efforts to estimate medication dispensations during critical periods of preconception, interconception, and pregnancy using health insurance claims data. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Ailes, Elizabeth C.; Simeone, Regina M.; Dawson, April L.; Gilboa, Suzanne M.] CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Petersen, Emily E.] CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ailes, EC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eha0@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 106 IS 11 SI SI BP 927 EP 934 DI 10.1002/bdra.23573 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA EI9HC UT WOS:000392817500009 PM 27891779 ER PT J AU Ailes, EC Gilboa, SM Gill, SK Broussard, CS Crider, KS Berry, RJ Carter, TC Hobbs, CA Interrante, JD Reefhuis, J AF Ailes, Elizabeth C. Gilboa, Suzanne M. Gill, Simerpal K. Broussard, Cheryl S. Crider, Krista S. Berry, Robert J. Carter, Tonia C. Hobbs, Charlotte A. Interrante, Julia D. Reefhuis, Jennita CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention TI Association between Antibiotic Use Among Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections in the First Trimester and Birth Defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study 1997 to 2011 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; antibiotic; cephalosporin; nitrofurantoin; penicillin; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; urinary tract infection ID FOLIC-ACID ANTAGONISTS; CONGENITAL-ABNORMALITIES; MEDICATION USE; PRIMARY-CARE; RISK; EXPOSURE; NITROFURANTOIN; TRIMETHOPRIM; COHORT; MALFORMATIONS AB Background: Previous studies noted associations between birth defects and some antibiotics (e.g., nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides) but not others (e.g., penicillins). It is unclear if previous findings were due to antibiotic use, infections, or chance. To control for potential confounding by indication, we examined associations between antibiotic use and birth defects, among women reporting urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods: The National Birth Defects Prevention Study is a multi-site, population-based case-control study. Case infants/fetuses have any of over 30 major birth defects and controls are live-born infants without major birth defects. We analyzed pregnancies from 1997 to 2011 to estimate the association between maternally reported periconceptional (month before conception through the third month of pregnancy) use of nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or cephalosporins and specific birth defects, among women with periconceptional UTIs. Women with periconceptional UTIs who reported penicillin use served as the comparator. Results: Periconceptional UTIs were reported by 7.8% (2029/26,068) of case and 6.7% (686/10,198) of control mothers. Most (68.2% of case, 66.6% of control mothers) also reported antibiotic use. Among 608 case and 231 control mothers reporting at least one periconceptional UTI and certain antibiotic use, compared with penicillin, nitrofurantoin use was associated with oral clefts in the offspring (adjusted odds ratio, 1.97 [95% confidence interval, 1.10-3.53]), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use with esophageal atresia (5.31 [1.39-20.24]) and diaphragmatic hernia (5.09 [1.20-21.69]), and cephalosporin use with anorectal atresia/stenosis (5.01 [1.34-18.76]). Conclusion: Periconceptional exposure to some antibiotics might increase the risk for certain birth defects. However, because individual birth defects are rare, absolute risks should drive treatment decisions. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Ailes, Elizabeth C.; Gilboa, Suzanne M.; Broussard, Cheryl S.; Crider, Krista S.; Berry, Robert J.; Interrante, Julia D.; Reefhuis, Jennita] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Gill, Simerpal K.] Duchesnay Inc, Blainville, PQ, Canada. [Carter, Tonia C.] Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI USA. [Hobbs, Charlotte A.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Med, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Interrante, Julia D.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ailes, EC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eailes@cdc.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; CDC FX Supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the National Carter or Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 106 IS 11 SI SI BP 940 EP 949 DI 10.1002/bdra.23570 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA EI9HC UT WOS:000392817500011 PM 27891788 ER PT J AU Howley, MM Browne, ML Van Zutphen, AR Richardson, SD Blossom, SJ Broussard, CS Carmichael, SL Druschel, CM AF Howley, Meredith M. Browne, Marilyn L. Van Zutphen, Alissa R. Richardson, Sandra D. Blossom, Sarah J. Broussard, Cheryl S. Carmichael, Suzan L. Druschel, Charlotte M. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention TI Maternal Autoimmune Disease and Birth Defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autoimmune disease; autoimmune medication; pregnancy; birth defects; congenital malformations ID CONGENITAL HEART-BLOCK; LOW-DOSE METHOTREXATE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS; PREGNANCY LOSS; ANTI-SSA/RO; INFERTILITY; EXPOSURE AB Background: Little is known about the association between maternal autoimmune disease or its treatment and the risk of birth defects. We examined these associations using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multi-site, population-based, case-control study. Methods: Analyses included 25,116 case and 9897 unaffected control infants with estimated delivery dates between 1997 and 2009. Information on autoimmune disease, medication use, and other pregnancy exposures was collected by means of telephone interview. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for birth defects with five or more exposed cases; crude ORs and exact 95% CIs were estimated for birth defects with three to four exposed cases. Results: Autoimmune disease was reported by 373 mothers (279 case and 94 control mothers). The majority of birth defects evaluated were not associated with autoimmune disease; however, a statistically significant association between maternal autoimmune disease and encephalocele was observed (OR, 4.64; 95% Cl, 1.95-11.04). Eighty-two mothers with autoimmune disease used an immune modifying/suppressing medication during pregnancy; this was associated with encephalocele (OR, 7.26; 95% Cl, 1.37-24.61) and atrial septal defects (OR, 3.01; 95% Cl, 1.16-7.80). Conclusion: Our findings suggest maternal autoimmune disease and treatment are not associated with the majority of birth defects, but may be associated with some defects, particularly encephalocele. Given the low prevalence of individual autoimmune diseases and the rare use of specific medications, we were unable to examine associations of specific autoimmune diseases and medications with birth defects. Other studies are needed to confirm these findings. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Howley, Meredith M.; Browne, Marilyn L.; Van Zutphen, Alissa R.; Richardson, Sandra D.; Druschel, Charlotte M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Congenital Malformat Registry, Corning Tower,Room 1203, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Browne, Marilyn L.; Van Zutphen, Alissa R.; Druschel, Charlotte M.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Albany, NY USA. [Blossom, Sarah J.] Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Res Inst, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Broussard, Cheryl S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Carmichael, Suzan L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Howley, MM (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Congenital Malformat Registry, Corning Tower,Room 1203, Albany, NY 12237 USA. EM meredith.howley@health.ny.gov OI Browne, Marilyn/0000-0002-1872-2787 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This study was supported by a cooperative agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coding of drug information in the NBDPS used the Slone Epidemiology Center Drug Dictionary, under license from the Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. We thank the participating families, scientists, and staff from all of the NBDPS sites. We thank the California Department of Public Health Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Division for providing data. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official positions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the California Department of Public Health. The authors have no conflicts of interest or financial disclosures relevant to this manuscript. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 106 IS 11 SI SI BP 950 EP 962 DI 10.1002/bdra.23527 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA EI9HC UT WOS:000392817500012 PM 27891777 ER PT J AU Pettigrew, SM Bell, EM Van Zutphen, AR Rocheleau, CM Shaw, GM Romitti, PA Olshan, A Lupo, PJ Soim, A Makelarski, JA Michalski, AM Sanderson, W AF Pettigrew, Stacy M. Bell, Erin M. Van Zutphen, Alissa R. Rocheleau, Carissa M. Shaw, Gary M. Romitti, Paul A. Olshan, Andrew Lupo, Philip J. Soim, Aida Makelarski, Jennifer A. Michalski, Adrian M. Sanderson, Wayne CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention TI Paternal and Joint Parental Occupational Pesticide Exposure and Spina Bifida in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997 to 2002 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; spina bifida; neural tube defects; occupational paternal and parental exposures; pesticides; insecticides; fungicides; herbicides ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID ANTAGONISTS; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREGNANCY; CANCER AB Background: Because of persistent concerns over the association between pesticides and spina bifida, we examined the role of paternal and combined parental occupational pesticide exposures in spina bifida in offspring using data from a large population- based study of birth defects. Methods: Occupational information from fathers of 291 spina bifida cases and 2745 unaffected live born control infants with estimated dates of delivery from 1997 to 2002 were collected by means of maternal report. Two expert industrial hygienists estimated exposure intensity and frequency to insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios ( aOR) and 95% confidence intervals ( CI) for exposure to any pesticide and to any class of pesticide ( yes/ no; and by median), and exposure to combinations of pesticides ( yes/ no) and risk of spina bifida. Adjusted odds ratios were also estimated by parent exposed to pesticides ( neither, mother only, father only, both parents). RESULTS: Joint parental occupational pesticide exposure was positively associated with spina bifida ( aOR, 1.5; 95% Cl, 0.9- 2.4) when compared with infants with neither maternal nor paternal exposures; a similar association was not observed when only one parent was exposed. There was a suggested positive association between combined paternal insecticide and fungicide exposures and spina bifida ( aOR, 1.5; 95% Cl, 0.8- 2.8), however, nearly all other aORs were close to unity. Conclusion: Overall, there was little evidence paternal occupational pesticide exposure was associated with spina bifida. However, the small numbers make it difficult to precisely evaluate the role of pesticide classes, individually and in combination. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Pettigrew, Stacy M.; Bell, Erin M.; Van Zutphen, Alissa R.] SUNY Albany, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Rensselaer, NY USA. [Pettigrew, Stacy M.; Bell, Erin M.] SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 1 Univ Pl, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. [Van Zutphen, Alissa R.; Soim, Aida; Michalski, Adrian M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Albany, NY USA. [Rocheleau, Carissa M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Shaw, Gary M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Romitti, Paul A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Olshan, Andrew] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Lupo, Philip J.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Makelarski, Jennifer A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sanderson, Wayne] Univ Kentucky, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Lexington, KY USA. [Sanderson, Wayne] Univ Kentucky, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Preventat Med & Environm Hlth, Lexington, KY USA. RP Pettigrew, SM (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 1 Univ Pl, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. EM spettigrew@albany.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center of Excellence Award [U50/CCU913241]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [PA 96043, PA 02081, FDA DD09-001, 200-2000-08018, 254-2009-M-31293]; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health FX Supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center of Excellence Award U50/CCU913241, and cooperative agreements under PA 96043, PA 02081, and FDA DD09-001 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the Centers for Birth Defects Research and Prevention participating in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Occupational coding was supported by awards 200-2000-08018 and 254-2009-M-31293 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 106 IS 11 SI SI BP 963 EP 971 DI 10.1002/bdra.23551 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA EI9HC UT WOS:000392817500013 PM 27891778 ER PT J AU Cragan, JD Isenburg, JL Parker, SE Alverson, CJ Meyer, RE Stallings, EB Kirby, RS Lupo, PJ Liu, JS Seagroves, A Ethen, MK Cho, SJ Evans, M Liberman, RF Fornoff, J Browne, ML Rutkowski, RE Nance, AE Anderka, M Fox, DJ Steele, A Copeland, G Romitti, PA Mai, CT AF Cragan, Janet D. Isenburg, Jennifer L. Parker, Samantha E. Alverson, C. J. Meyer, Robert E. Stallings, Erin B. Kirby, Russell S. Lupo, Philip J. Liu, Jennifer S. Seagroves, Amanda Ethen, Mary K. Cho, Sook Ja Evans, MaryAnn Liberman, Rebecca F. Fornoff, Jane Browne, Marilyn L. Rutkowski, Rachel E. Nance, Amy E. Anderka, Marlene Fox, Deborah J. Steele, Amy Copeland, Glenn Romitti, Paul A. Mai, Cara T. CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention TI Population-Based Microcephaly Surveillance in the United States, 2009 to 2013: An Analysis of Potential Sources of Variation SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microcephaly; surveillance; prevalence; head circumference ID BIRTH-DEFECTS DATA; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; PREVALENCE; STANDARDS; PROGRAMS AB Background: Congenital microcephaly has been linked to maternal Zika virus infection. However, ascertaining infants diagnosed with microcephaly can be challenging. Methods: Thirty birth defects surveillance programs provided data on infants diagnosed with microcephaly born 2009 to 2013. The pooled prevalence of microcephaly per 10,000 live births was estimated overall and by maternal/infant characteristics. Variation in prevalence was examined across case finding methods. Nine programs provided data on head circumference and conditions potentially contributing to microcephaly. Results: The pooled prevalence of microcephaly was 8.7 per 10,000 live births. Median prevalence (per 10,000 live births) was similar among programs using active (6.7) and passive (6.6) methods; the interdecile range of prevalence estimates was wider among programs using passive methods for all race/ethnicity categories except Hispanic. Prevalence (per 10,000 live births) was lowest among non-Hispanic Whites (6.5) and highest among nonHispanic Blacks and Hispanics (11.2 and 11.9, respectively); estimates followed a U-shaped distribution by maternal age with the highest prevalence among mothers <20 years (11.5) and > 40 years (13.2). For gestational age and birth weight, the highest prevalence was among infants <32 weeks gestation and infants <1500 gm. Case definitions varied; 41.8% of cases had an HC > the 1 0 t h percentile for sex and gestational age. Conclusion: Differences in methods, population distribution of maternal/infant characteristics, and case definitions for microcephaly can contribute to the wide range of observed prevalence estimates across individual birth defects surveillance programs. Addressing these factors in the setting of Zika virus infection can improve the quality of prevalence estimates. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Cragan, Janet D.; Isenburg, Jennifer L.; Alverson, C. J.; Stallings, Erin B.; Liu, Jennifer S.; Seagroves, Amanda; Mai, Cara T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Congenital & Dev Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Isenburg, Jennifer L.; Stallings, Erin B.; Seagroves, Amanda] Carter Consulting Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Parker, Samantha E.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. [Meyer, Robert E.] NC Div Publ Hlth, State Ctr Hlth Stat, Raleigh, NC USA. [Kirby, Russell S.; Rutkowski, Rachel E.] Univ S Florida, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. [Lupo, Philip J.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Hematol Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Liu, Jennifer S.] Leidos Holdings Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Ethen, Mary K.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. [Cho, Sook Ja] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Div Community & Family Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Evans, MaryAnn] Oregon Publ Hlth Div, Oregon Birth Anomalies Surveillance Syst, Portland, OR USA. [Liberman, Rebecca F.] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. [Fornoff, Jane] Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol Studies, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. [Browne, Marilyn L.; Fox, Deborah J.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Nance, Amy E.; Steele, Amy] Utah Dept Hlth, Utah Birth Defect Network, Div Family Hlth & Preparedness, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Anderka, Marlene] Natl Birth Defects Prevent Network, Houston, TX USA. [Copeland, Glenn] Michigan Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Vital Records & Hlth Stat, Lansing, MI USA. [Romitti, Paul A.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Cragan, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS E86,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jcragan@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 106 IS 11 SI SI BP 972 EP 982 DI 10.1002/bdra.23587 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA EI9HC UT WOS:000392817500014 PM 27891783 ER PT J AU Steele, A Johnson, J Nance, A Satterfield, R Alverson, CJ Mai, C AF Steele, Amy Johnson, Jane Nance, Amy Satterfield, Robert Alverson, C. J. Mai, Cara TI A Quality Assessment of Reporting Sources for Microcephaly in Utah, 2003 to 2013 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microcephaly; quality assessment; birth defects; Utah; hospital discharge data; reporting ID BIRTH-DEFECTS SURVEILLANCE; CERTIFICATE; INFANT; BIAS AB Background: Obtaining accurate microcephaly prevalence is important given the recent association between microcephaly and Zika virus. Assessing the quality of data sources can guide surveillance programs as they focus their data collection efforts. The Utah Birth Defect Network (UBDN) has monitored microcephaly by data sources since 2003. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of reporting sources for microcephaly surveillance. Methods: All reported cases of microcephaly among Utah mothers from 2003 to 2013 were clinically reviewed and confirmed. The UBDN database was linked to state vital records and hospital discharge data for analysis. Reporting sources were analyzed for positive predictive value and sensitivity. Results: Of the 477 reported cases of microcephaly, 251 (52.6%) were confirmed as true cases. The UBDN identified 94 additional cases that were reported to the surveillance system as another birth defect, but were ultimately determined to be true microcephaly cases. The prevalence for microcephaly based on the UBDN medical record abstraction and clinical review was 8.2 per 10,000 live births. Data sources varied in the number and accuracy of reporting, but a case was more likely to be a true case if identified from multiple sources than from a single source. Conclusion: While some reporting sources are more likely to identify possible and true microcephaly cases, maintaining a multiple source methodology allows for more complete case ascertainment. Surveillance programs should conduct periodic assessments of data sources to ensure their systems are capturing all possible birth defects cases. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Steele, Amy; Satterfield, Robert] Utah Dept Hlth, Data Resources Program, Bur Maternal Child Hlth, Div Family Hlth & Preparedness, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Johnson, Jane; Nance, Amy] Utah Dept Hlth, Utah Birth Defect Network, Bur Children Special Hlth Care Needs, Div Family Hlth & Preparedness, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Alverson, C. J.; Mai, Cara] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Congenital & Dev Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Steele, A (reprint author), Utah Dept Hlth, 44 Med Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84113 USA. EM amysteele@utah.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1 NU50DD004948-01-00]; Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) [B04MC25374] FX Supported in-part by a cooperative agreement (1 NU50DD004948-01-00) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Utah Birth Defect Network is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under grant number B04MC25374. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 106 IS 11 SI SI BP 983 EP 988 DI 10.1002/bdra.23593 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA EI9HC UT WOS:000392817500015 PM 27891786 ER PT J AU Tripp, MK Watson, M Balk, SJ Swetter, SM Gershenwald, JE AF Tripp, Mary K. Watson, Meg Balk, Sophie J. Swetter, Susan M. Gershenwald, Jeffrey E. TI State of the Science on Prevention and Screening to Reduce Melanoma Incidence and Mortality: The Time Is Now SO CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS LA English DT Review DE indoor tanning; legislation as topic; melanoma/epidemiology; melanoma/prevention and control; public health; sunbathing; suntan; ultraviolet rays/adverse effects; US Food and Drug Administration; US Preventive Services Task Force ID SKIN SELF-EXAMINATION; INDOOR TANNING FACILITIES; RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SUN PROTECTION BEHAVIORS; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; UNITED-STATES; CUTANEOUS MELANOMA; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; YOUNG-ADULTS; ADDICTIVE SYMPTOMS AB Although overall cancer incidence rates are decreasing, melanoma incidence rates continue to increase about 3% annually. Melanoma is a significant public health problem that exacts a substantial financial burden. Years of potential life lost from melanoma deaths contribute to the social, economic, and human toll of this disease. However, most cases are potentially preventable. Research has clearly established that exposure to ultraviolet radiation increases melanoma risk. Unprecedented antitumor activity and evolving survival benefit from novel targeted therapies and immunotherapies are now available for patients with unresectable and/or metastatic melanoma. Still, prevention (minimizing sun exposure that may result in tanned or sunburned skin and avoiding indoor tanning) and early detection (identifying lesions before they become invasive or at an earlier stage) have significant potential to reduce melanoma incidence and melanoma-associated deaths. This article reviews the state of the science on prevention and early detection of melanoma and current areas of scientific uncertainty and ongoing debate. The US Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer and US Preventive Services Task Force reviews on skin cancer have propelled a national discussion on melanoma prevention and screening that makes this an extraordinary and exciting time for diverse disciplines in multiple sectors-health care, government, education, business, advocacy, and community-to coordinate efforts and leverage existing knowledge to make major strides in reducing the public health burden of melanoma in the United States. (C) 2016 American Cancer Society. C1 [Tripp, Mary K.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Watson, Meg] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Balk, Sophie J.] Childrens Hosp Montefiore, Bronx, NY USA. [Balk, Sophie J.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Pediat Clin, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Swetter, Susan M.] Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Swetter, Susan M.] Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Pigmented Lesion & Melanoma Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Swetter, Susan M.] Inst Canc Res, Stanford, CA USA. [Swetter, Susan M.] Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Dermatol Serv, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Gershenwald, Jeffrey E.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Gershenwald, Jeffrey E.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Canc Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Gershenwald, Jeffrey E.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Melanoma & Skin Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Gershenwald, Jeffrey E.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Melanoma Moon Shot, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Gershenwald, JE (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Unit 1484, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jgershen@mdanderson.org FU Cancer Center Support Grant from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [CA16672]; Robert and Lynne Grossman Family Foundation; Michael and Patricia Booker Melanoma Research Endowment FX This work was supported in part by generous philanthropic contributions, including the Lyda Hill Foundation, to The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Melanoma Moon Shots Program; by a Cancer Center Support Grant (CA16672; principal investigator, R. DePinho, MD Anderson Cancer Center) from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; by the Robert and Lynne Grossman Family Foundation; and by the Michael and Patricia Booker Melanoma Research Endowment. Mary K. Tripp reports stock ownership in Merck, Abbott Laboratories, and AbbVie. Jeffrey E. Gershenwald has served on an advisory board for Merck since June 2014. Meg Watson, Sophie J. Balk, and Susan M. Swetter report no conflicts of interest. NR 202 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0007-9235 EI 1542-4863 J9 CA-CANCER J CLIN JI CA-Cancer J. Clin. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 66 IS 6 BP 461 EP 480 DI 10.3322/caac.21352 PG 20 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA EI8KR UT WOS:000392755800004 ER PT J AU Logan, JE Vagi, KJ Gorman-Smith, D AF Logan, Joseph E. Vagi, Kevin J. Gorman-Smith, Deborah TI Characteristics of Youth With Combined Histories of Violent Behavior, Suicidal Ideation or Behavior, and Gun-Carrying SO Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention LA English DT Article DE youth violence; youth suicide; youth gun-carrying ID HIGH-RISK YOUTH; SCHOOL CONNECTEDNESS; PROTECTIVE FACTORS; PEER REJECTION; MURDER-SUICIDE; PREVENTION; ADOLESCENT; VICTIMIZATION; PARENT; METAANALYSIS AB Background: Youth reporting combined histories of nonfatal violence, suicidal ideation/behavior, and gun-carrying (VSG) are at risk for perpetrating fatal interpersonal violence and self-harm. Aims: We characterized these youth to inform prevention efforts. Method: We analyzed 2004 data from 3,931 seventh-, ninth-, and 11-12th-grade youth and compared VSG youth (n = 66) with non-gun carrying youth who either had no histories of violence or suicidal thoughts/behavior (n = 1,839), histories of violence (n = 884), histories of suicidal thoughts/behaviors (n = 552), or both (n = 590). We compared groups based on demographic factors, risk factors (i. e., friends who engage in delinquency, peer-violence victimization, depressive symptoms, illicit substance use), and protective factors (i. e., school connectedness, parental care and supervision). Regression models identified factors associated with VSG youth. Results: Illicit substance use and having friends who engage in delinquency were more common among VSG youth in all comparisons; almost all VSG youth had high levels of these factors. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with VSG youth versus youth without either violent or suicide-related histories and youth with violent histories alone. School connectedness and parental supervision were negatively associated with VSG youth in most comparisons. Conclusion: Family-focused and school-based interventions that increase connectedness while reducing delinquency and substance use might prevent these violent tendencies. C1 [Logan, Joseph E.; Vagi, Kevin J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gorman-Smith, Deborah] Univ Chicago, Sch Social Serv Adm, Chicago, IL USA. RP Logan, JE (reprint author), Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ffa3@cdc.gov FU CDC FX All work for this manuscript was funded by CDC, and none of the authors had conflicts of interest. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU HOGREFE & HUBER PUBLISHERS PI GOTTINGEN PA MERKELSTR 3, D-37085 GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SN 0227-5910 EI 2151-2396 J9 CRISIS JI Crisis PD NOV PY 2016 VL 37 IS 6 BP 402 EP 414 DI 10.1027/0227-5910/a000389 PG 13 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA EI9PW UT WOS:000392841800002 PM 27245809 ER PT J AU Lohiniva, AL Mokhtar, A Azer, A Elmoghazy, E Kamal, E Benkirane, M Dueger, E AF Lohiniva, Anna L. Mokhtar, Alaa Azer, Ashraf Elmoghazy, Esaam Kamal, Eman Benkirane, Manal Dueger, Erica TI Qualitative interviews with non-national tuberculosis patients in Cairo, Egypt: understanding the financial and social cost of treatment adherence SO HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE refugee and asylum seeker healthcare; respiratory medicine; social determinants of health ID CARE; NONADHERENCE; POPULATION; REFUGEES; CULTURE; GENDER AB Limited data are available about the challenges of non-national TB patients undergoing long-term treatment courses in an urban setting. This study aimed to understand the financial and social cost of adherence of non-national TB patients in Cairo, Egypt as a means to inform the development of context-specific interventions to support treatment adherence. In 2011, 22 in-depth interviews were conducted with TB patients from Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Djibouti to obtain qualitative data. Analysis was based on thematic analysis that aimed to identify recurrent themes and codes from the narratives. The study identified a number of factors that influence TB treatment adherence. Uncertain financial status due to limited or no employment was frequently discussed in interviews, which resulted in fear of not being able to support family, loss of pride, dependence on family and friends, fear of losing housing, food insecurity and limited food options. Respondents also feared infecting other household members and longed for opportunities to discuss their illness and treatment experiences with other individuals but their social networks were often limited. TB-related stigma was driven by shame and blame of infection. Respondents also believed stigma was based on their foreign origin. Stigma manifested in distancing and exclusion in various ways, resulting in isolation, psychological distress and reluctance to disclose TB status to others. Poverty-related factors and social context with a special focus on stigma should be considered when developing strategies for supporting longterm treatment courses for non-national patients in Cairo and other similar urban settings. C1 [Lohiniva, Anna L.; Benkirane, Manal; Dueger, Erica] US Naval Med Res, Global Dis Detect & Response Program, Unit 3 PSC 452,Box 5000 FPO AE 09835-007, Cairo, Egypt. [Mokhtar, Alaa] Minist Hlth Egypt, Natl TB Program, Cairo, Egypt. [Azer, Ashraf] United Nations High Commissioner Refugees, 7th Dist, Egypt. [Elmoghazy, Esaam] Cairo Assoc Smoking TB & Lung Dis, Cairo, Egypt. [Kamal, Eman] Refugee Egypt, Cairo, Egypt. [Dueger, Erica] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lohiniva, AL (reprint author), US Naval Med Res, Global Dis Detect & Response Program, Unit 3 PSC 452,Box 5000 FPO AE 09835-007, Cairo, Egypt. EM anna.leena.lohiniva@hotmail.com FU NTP programme of the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP); U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX The authors thank the NTP programme of the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) for overall support of the study. The authors also thank Dr. Susan Cookson and Dr. Holly Williams from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for revising an earlier version of this paper. The study was funded by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0966-0410 EI 1365-2524 J9 HEALTH SOC CARE COMM JI Health Soc. Care Community PD NOV PY 2016 VL 24 IS 6 BP E164 EP E172 DI 10.1111/hsc.12280 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Work GA EI8JQ UT WOS:000392753000006 PM 26429771 ER PT J AU Anderson, TK Macken, CA Lewis, NS Scheuermann, RH Van Reeth, K Brown, IH Swenson, SL Simon, G Saito, T Berhane, Y Ciacci-Zanella, J Pereda, A Davis, CT Donis, RO Webby, RJ Vincent, AL AF Anderson, Tavis K. Macken, Catherine A. Lewis, Nicola S. Scheuermann, Richard H. Van Reeth, Kristien Brown, Ian H. Swenson, Sabrina L. Simon, Gaelle Saito, Takehiko Berhane, Yohannes Ciacci-Zanella, Janice Pereda, Ariel Davis, C. Todd Donis, Ruben O. Webby, Richard J. Vincent, Amy L. TI A Phylogeny-Based Global Nomenclature System and Automated Annotation Tool for H1 Hemagglutinin Genes from Swine Influenza A Viruses SO MSPHERE LA English DT Article DE H1N1; H1N2; influenza A virus; molecular epidemiology; nomenclature; swine; virus evolution ID UNITED-STATES; EUROPEAN SWINE; NORTH-AMERICA; PIGS; EVOLUTION; TRANSMISSION; REASSORTMENT; VACCINATION; ORIGIN; H3N2 AB The H1 subtype of influenza A viruses (IAVs) has been circulating in swine since the 1918 human influenza pandemic. Over time, and aided by further introductions from nonswine hosts, swine H1 viruses have diversified into three genetic lineages. Due to limited global data, these H1 lineages were named based on colloquial context, leading to a proliferation of inconsistent regional naming conventions. In this study, we propose rigorous phylogenetic criteria to establish a globally consistent nomenclature of swine H1 virus hemagglutinin (HA) evolution. These criteria applied to a data set of 7,070 H1 HA sequences led to 28 distinct clades as the basis for the nomenclature. We developed and implemented a web-accessible annotation tool that can assign these biologically informative categories to new sequence data. The annotation tool assigned the combined data set of 7,070 H1 sequences to the correct clade more than 99% of the time. Our analyses indicated that 87% of the swine H1 viruses from 2010 to the present had HAs that belonged to 7 contemporary cocirculating clades. Our nomenclature and web-accessible classification tool provide an accurate method for researchers, diagnosticians, and health officials to assign clade designations to HA sequences. The tool can be updated readily to track evolving nomenclature as new clades emerge, ensuring continued relevance. A common global nomenclature facilitates comparisons of IAVs infecting humans and pigs, within and between regions, and can provide insight into the diversity of swine H1 influenza virus and its impact on vaccine strain selection, diagnostic reagents, and test performance, thereby simplifying communication of such data. IMPORTANCE A fundamental goal in the biological sciences is the definition of groups of organisms based on evolutionary history and the naming of those groups. For influenza A viruses (IAVs) in swine, understanding the hemagglutinin (HA) genetic lineage of a circulating strain aids in vaccine antigen selection and allows for inferences about vaccine efficacy. Previous reporting of H1 virus HA in swine relied on colloquial names, frequently with incriminating and stigmatizing geographic toponyms, making comparisons between studies challenging. To overcome this, we developed an adaptable nomenclature using measurable criteria for historical and contemporary evolutionary patterns of H1 global swine IAVs. We also developed a web-accessible tool that classifies viruses according to this nomenclature. This classification system will aid agricultural production and pandemic preparedness through the identification of important changes in swine IAVs and provides terminology enabling discussion of swine IAVs in a common context among animal and human health initiatives. C1 [Anderson, Tavis K.; Vincent, Amy L.] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Macken, Catherine A.] Univ Auckland, Bioinformat Inst, Auckland, New Zealand. [Lewis, Nicola S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England. [Scheuermann, Richard H.] J Craig Venter Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. [Scheuermann, Richard H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Van Reeth, Kristien] Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Virol Lab, Merelbeke, Belgium. [Brown, Ian H.] Anim & Plant Hlth Agcy, Weybridge, Surrey, England. [Swenson, Sabrina L.] USDA APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. [Simon, Gaelle] ANSES, Ploufragan Plouzane Lab, Swine Virol Immunol Unit, Ploufragan, France. [Saito, Takehiko] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Div Transboundary Anim Dis, Ibaraki, Japan. [Berhane, Yohannes] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Ciacci-Zanella, Janice] Embrapa Swine & Poultry, Anim Hlth & Genet Lab, Concordia, SC USA. [Pereda, Ariel] CICVyA INTA, Inst Patobiol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Davis, C. Todd; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Webby, Richard J.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM amy.vincent@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, Tavis/0000-0002-3138-5535; Scheuermann, Richard/0000-0003-1355-892X FU HHS \ NIH \ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [HHSN272201400008C, HHSN266200700005C, HHSN272201400006C, HHSN266200400041C]; European Commission (EC) [259949]; USDA \ Agricultural Research Service (ARS) [58-3625-4-070, 58-3625-2103F]; DOE \ LDRD \ Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; USDA \ Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) FX This work, including the efforts of Nicola S. Lewis and Amy L. Vincent, was funded by HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (HHSN272201400008C). This work, including the efforts of Richard J. Webby, was funded by HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (HHSN266200700005C and HHSN272201400006C). This work, including the efforts of Catherine A. Macken and Richard H. Scheuermann, was funded by HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (HHSN266200400041C and HHSN272201400006C). This work, including the efforts of Nicola S. Lewis, Kristien Van Reeth, Ian H. Brown, and Gaelle Simon, was funded by European Commission (EC) (259949). This work, including the efforts of Tavis K. Anderson, was funded by USDA vertical bar Agricultural Research Service (ARS) (58-3625-4-070). This work, including the efforts of Nicola S. Lewis, was funded by USDA vertical bar Agricultural Research Service (ARS) (58-3625-2103F). This work, including the efforts of Tavis K. Anderson, was funded by DOE vertical bar LDRD vertical bar Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) (DE-AC05-06OR23100). This work, including the efforts of Sabrina L. Swenson, was funded by USDA vertical bar Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). This work, including the efforts of Amy L. Vincent, was funded by USDA vertical bar Agricultural Research Service (ARS). NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2379-5042 J9 MSPHERE JI mSphere PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 1 IS 6 AR e00275-16 DI 10.1128/mSphere.00275-16 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EI6EM UT WOS:000392587800010 ER PT J AU Retchless, AC Hu, F Ouedraogo, AS Diarra, S Knipe, K Sheth, M Rowe, LA Sangare, L Ba, AK Ouangraoua, S Batra, D Novak, RT Traore, RO Wang, X AF Retchless, Adam C. Hu, Fang Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salam Diarra, Seydou Knipe, Kristen Sheth, Mili Rowe, Lori A. Sangare, Lassana Ba, Absetou Ky Ouangraoua, Soumeya Batra, Dhwani Novak, Ryan T. Traore, Rasmata Ouedraogo Wang, Xin TI The Establishment and Diversification of Epidemic-Associated Serogroup W Meningococcus in the African Meningitis Belt, 1994 to 2012 SO MSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Africa; Neisseria meningitidis; disease outbreaks; epidemiology; evolution; meningitis; meningococcus ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; BURKINA-FASO; W135; DISEASE; STRAIN; NIGER; VACCINATION; POPULATION; EMERGENCE; OUTBREAK AB Epidemics of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by meningococcal serogroup A have been eliminated from the sub-Saharan African so-called "meningitis belt" by the meningococcal A conjugate vaccine (MACV), and yet, other serogroups continue to cause epidemics. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W remains a major cause of disease in the region, with most isolates belonging to clonal complex 11 (CC11). Here, the genetic variation within and between epidemic-associated strains was assessed by sequencing the genomes of 92 N. meningitidis serogroup W isolates collected between 1994 and 2012 from both sporadic and epidemic IMD cases, 85 being from selected meningitis belt countries. The sequenced isolates belonged to either CC175 (n = 9) or CC11 (n = 83). The CC11 N. meningitidis serogroup W isolates belonged to a single lineage comprising four major phylogenetic subclades. Separate CC11 N. meningitidis serogroup W subclades were associated with the 2002 and 2012 Burkina Faso epidemics. The subclade associated with the 2012 epidemic included isolates found in Burkina Faso and Mali during 2011 and 2012, which descended from a strain very similar to the Hajj (Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca)-related Saudi Arabian outbreak strain from 2000. The phylogeny of isolates from 2012 reflected their geographic origin within Burkina Faso, with isolates from the Malian border region being closely related to the isolates from Mali. Evidence of ongoing evolution, international transmission, and strain replacement stresses the importance of maintaining N. meningitidis surveillance in Africa following the MACV implementation. IMPORTANCE Meningococcal disease (meningitis and bloodstream infections) threatens millions of people across the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa. A vaccine introduced in 2010 protects against Africa's then-most common cause of meningococcal disease, N. meningitidis serogroup A. However, other serogroups continue to cause epidemics in the region-including serogroup W. The rapid identification of strains that have been associated with prior outbreaks can improve the assessment of outbreak risk and enable timely preparation of public health responses, including vaccination. Phylogenetic analysis of newly sequenced serogroup W strains isolated from 1994 to 2012 identified two groups of strains linked to large epidemics in Burkina Faso, one being descended from a strain that caused an outbreak during the Hajj pilgrimage in 2000. We find that applying whole-genome sequencing to meningococcal disease surveillance collections improves the discrimination among strains, even within a single nation-wide epidemic, which can be used to better understand pathogen spread. C1 [Retchless, Adam C.; Hu, Fang; Novak, Ryan T.; Wang, Xin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salam] Ctr Hosp Univ Sanou Sourou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. [Diarra, Seydou] Inst Natl Rech Sante Publ, Bamako, Mali. [Knipe, Kristen; Sheth, Mili; Rowe, Lori A.; Batra, Dhwani] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sangare, Lassana] Ctr Hosp Univ Yalgado Ouedraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Ba, Absetou Ky] Lab Natl Sante Publ, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Ouangraoua, Soumeya] Ctr Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. [Traore, Rasmata Ouedraogo] Ctr Hosp Univ Pediat Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. EM gqe8@cdc.gov FU Wellcome Trust; AMD initiative at the CDC FX The assembly of this strain collection was enabled by the Bacterial Meningitis Laboratory and Epidemiology team of the CDC's Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch. This study made use of the PubMLST website developed by Keith Jolley and sited at the University of Oxford. The development of that website was funded by the Wellcome Trust.; This work was made possible through support from the AMD initiative at the CDC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2379-5042 J9 MSPHERE JI mSphere PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 1 IS 6 AR e00201-16 DI 10.1128/mSphere.00201-16 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EI6EM UT WOS:000392587800003 ER PT J AU Shrivastava-Ranjan, P Bergeron, E Chakrabarti, AK Albarino, CG Flint, M Nichol, ST Spiropoulou, CF AF Shrivastava-Ranjan, Punya Bergeron, Eric Chakrabarti, Ayan K. Albarino, Cesar G. Flint, Mike Nichol, Stuart T. Spiropoulou, Christina F. TI 25-Hydroxycholesterol Inhibition of Lassa Virus Infection through Aberrant GP1 Glycosylation SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; REVERSE GENETICS GENERATION; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; ALPHA-DYSTROGLYCAN; VIRAL ENTRY; FEVER VIRUS; RECEPTOR; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; IDENTIFICATION; ARENAVIRUS AB Lassa virus (LASV) infection is a major public health concern due to high fatality rates and limited effective treatment. The interferon-stimulated gene cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). 25HC is involved in regulating cholesterol biosynthesis and has recently been identified as a potent antiviral targeting enveloped virus entry. Here, we show a previously unrecognized role of CH25H in inhibiting LASV glycoprotein glycosylation and the production of infectious virus. Overexpression of CH25H or treatment with 25HC decreased LASV G1 glycoprotein N-glycan maturation and reduced the production of infectious LASV. Depletion of endogenous CH25H using small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhanced the levels of fully glycosylated G1 and increased infectious LASV production. Finally, LASV particles produced from 25HC-treated cells were found to be less infectious, to incorporate aberrantly glycosylated GP1 species, and to be defective in binding alpha-dystroglycan, an attachment and entry receptor. Our findings identify a novel role for CH25H in controlling LASV propagation and indicate that manipulation of the expression of CH25H or the administration of 25HC may be a useful anti-LASV therapy. IMPORTANCE Lassa fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever in humans caused by Lassa virus (LASV). No vaccine for LASV is currently available. Treatment is limited to the administration of ribavirin, which is only effective when given early in the course of illness. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is a recently identified interferon-stimulated gene (ISG); it encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), which inhibits several viruses. Here, we identify a novel antiviral mechanism of 25HC that is dependent on inhibiting the glycosylation of Lassa virus (LASV) glycoprotein and reducing the infectivity of LASV as a means of suppressing viral replication. Since N-linked glycosylation is a critical feature of other enveloped-virus glycoproteins, 25HC may be a broad inhibitor of virus infectivity. C1 [Shrivastava-Ranjan, Punya; Bergeron, Eric; Chakrabarti, Ayan K.; Albarino, Cesar G.; Flint, Mike; Nichol, Stuart T.; Spiropoulou, Christina F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Spiropoulou, CF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ccs8@cdc.gov OI Bergeron, Eric/0000-0003-3398-8628 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 6 AR e01808 DI 10.1128/mBio.01808-16 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EH9GK UT WOS:000392079500070 ER PT J AU Lau, CL Won, KY Lammie, PJ Graves, PM AF Lau, Colleen L. Won, Kimberly Y. Lammie, Patrick J. Graves, Patricia M. TI Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in American Samoa: Evaluation of Molecular Xenomonitoring as a Surveillance Tool in the Endgame SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE PLUS ALBENDAZOLE; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI INFECTION; IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TEST; ANTIFILARIAL ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSTIC-TOOLS; END-POINTS; MOSQUITOS; TRANSMISSION; IMPACT AB The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis has made significant progress toward interrupting transmission of lymphatic filariasis (LF) through mass drug administration (MDA). Operational challenges in defining endpoints of elimination programs include the need to determine appropriate post-MDA surveillance strategies. As humans are the only reservoirs of LF parasites, one such strategy is molecular xenomonitoring (MX), the detection of filarial DNA in mosquitoes using molecular methods (PCR), to provide an indirect indicator of infected persons nearby. MX could potentially be used to evaluate program success, provide support for decisions to stop MDA, and conduct post-MDA surveillance. American Samoa has successfully completed MDA and passed WHO recommended Transmission Assessment Surveys in 2011 and 2015, but recent studies using spatial analysis of antigen (Ag) and antibody (Ab) prevalence in adults (aged >= 18 years) and entomological surveys showed evidence of possible ongoing transmission. This study evaluated MX as a surveillance tool in American Samoa by linking village-level results of published human and mosquito studies. Of 32 villages, seropositive persons for Og4C3 Ag were identified in 11 (34.4%), for Wb123 Ab in 18 (56.3%) and for Bm14 Ab in 27 (84.4%) of villages. Village-level seroprevalence ranged from 0-33%, 0-67% and 0-100% for Og4C3 Ag, Wb123 Ab and Bm14 Ab respectively. PCR-positive Aedes polynesiensis mosquitoes were found in 15 (47%) villages, and their presence was significantly associated with seropositive persons for Og4C3 Ag (67% vs 6%, p<0.001) and Wb123 Ab (87% vs 29%, p = 0.001), but not Bm14 Ab. In villages with persons seropositive for Og4C3 Ag and Wb123 Ab,PCR-positive Ae. polynesiensis were found in 90.9% and 72.2% respectively. In villages without seropositive persons for Og4C3 Ag or Wb123 Ab, PCR-positive Ae. polynesiensis were also absent in 94.1% and 70.6% of villages respectively. Our study provides promising evidence to support the potential usefulness of MX in post-MDA surveillance in an Aedes transmission area in the Pacific Islands setting. C1 [Lau, Colleen L.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Won, Kimberly Y.; Lammie, Patrick J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Atlanta, GA USA. [Graves, Patricia M.] James Cook Univ, Australian Inst Trop Hlth & Med, Cairns, Australia. [Graves, Patricia M.] James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Cairns, Australia. RP Lau, CL (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM colleen.lau@anu.edu.au OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 FU Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Fellowship [1109035] FX CLL was supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Fellowship (1109035). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0005108 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005108 PG 16 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EI0HR UT WOS:000392154400033 PM 27802280 ER PT J AU Manne-Goehler, J Umeh, CA Montgomery, SP Wirtz, VJ AF Manne-Goehler, Jennifer Umeh, Chukwuemeka A. Montgomery, Susan P. Wirtz, Veronika J. TI Estimating the Burden of Chagas Disease in the United States SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background In recent years, there has been growing awareness of the significant burden of Chagas disease in the United States (US). However, epidemiological data on both prevalence and access to care for this disease are limited. The objective of this study is to provide an updated national estimate of Chagas disease prevalence, the first state-level estimates of cases of T. cruzi infection in the US and to analyze these estimates in the context of data on confirmed cases of infection in the US blood supply. Methods In this study, we calculated estimates of the state and national prevalence of Chagas disease. The number of residents originally from Chagas disease endemic countries were computed using data on Foreign-Born Hispanic populations from the American Community Survey, along with recent prevalence estimates for Chagas disease in Latin America from the World Health Organization that were published in 2006 and updated in 2015. We then describe the distribution of estimated cases in each state in relation to the number of infections identified in the donated blood supply per data from the AABB (formerly American Association of Blood Banks). Findings The results of this analysis offer an updated national estimate of 238,091 cases of T. cruzi infection in the United States as of 2012, using the same method as was used by Bern and Montgomery to estimate cases in 2005. This estimate indicates that there are 62,070 cases less than the most recent prior estimate, though it does not include undocumented immigrants who may account for as many as 109,000 additional cases. The state level results show that four states (California, Texas, Florida and New York) have over 10,000 cases and an additional seven states have over 5,000 cases. Moreover, since 2007, the AABB has reported 1,908 confirmed cases of T. cruzi infection identified through screening of blood donations. Conclusions This study demonstrates a substantial burden of Chagas disease in the US, with state variation that reflects the distribution of at risk Latin American immigrant populations. The study lends important new insight into the distribution of this disease in the US and highlights the need for further research quantifying prevalence and incidence to guide interventions for control of Chagas disease across the US. C1 [Manne-Goehler, Jennifer] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Umeh, Chukwuemeka A.; Wirtz, Veronika J.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Montgomery, Susan P.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Manne-Goehler, J (reprint author), Harvard Med Sch, Dept Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jen.manne@gmail.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0005033 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005033 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EI0HR UT WOS:000392154400013 PM 27820837 ER PT J AU Overgaard, HJ Alexander, N Matiz, MI Jaramillo, JF Olano, VA Vargas, S Sarmiento, D Lenhart, A Stenstrom, TA AF Overgaard, Hans J. Alexander, Neal Matiz, Maria Ines Jaramillo, Juan Felipe Olano, Victor Alberto Vargas, Sandra Sarmiento, Diana Lenhart, Audrey Stenstrom, Thor Axel TI A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Diarrheal Disease and Dengue Entomological Risk Factors in Rural Primary Schools in Colombia SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE-TREATED CURTAINS; NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES; AEDES-AEGYPTI; COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION; SANITATION PROGRAM; VIRUS-INFECTION; KAMPHAENG PHET; VECTOR CONTROL; WATER FILTERS; PREVENTION AB Background As many neglected tropical diseases are co-endemic and have common risk factors, integrated control can efficiently reduce disease burden and relieve resource-strained public health budgets. Diarrheal diseases and dengue fever are major global health problems sharing common risk factors in water storage containers. Where provision of clean water is inadequate, water storage is crucial. Fecal contamination of stored water is a common source of diarrheal illness, but stored water also provides breeding sites for dengue vector mosquitoes. Integrating improved water management and educational strategies for both diseases in the school environment can potentially improve the health situation for students and the larger community. The objective of this trial was to investigate whether interventions targeting diarrhea and dengue risk factors would significantly reduce absence due to diarrheal disease and dengue entomological risk factors in schools. Methodology/Principal Findings A factorial cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out in 34 rural primary schools (1,301 pupils) in La Mesa and Anapoima municipalities, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Schools were randomized to one of four study arms: diarrhea interventions (DIA), dengue interventions (DEN), combined diarrhea and dengue interventions (DIADEN), and control (CON). Interventions had no apparent effect on pupil school absence due to diarrheal disease (p = 0.45) or on adult female Aedes aegypti density (p = 0.32) (primary outcomes). However, the dengue interventions reduced the Breteau Index on average by 78% (p = 0.029), with Breteau indices of 10.8 and 6.2 in the DEN and DIADEN arms, respectively compared to 37.5 and 46.9 in the DIA and CON arms, respectively. The diarrhea interventions improved water quality as assessed by the amount of Escherichia coli colony forming units (CFU); the ratio of Williams mean E. coli CFU being 0.22, or 78% reduction (p = 0.008). Conclusions/Significance Integrated control of dengue and diarrhea has never been conducted before. This trial presents an example for application of control strategies that may affect both diseases and the first study to apply such an approach in school settings. The interventions were well received and highly appreciated by students and teachers. An apparent absence of effect in primary outcome indicators could be the result of pupils being exposed to risk factors outside the school area and mosquitoes flying in from nearby uncontrolled breeding sites. Integrated interventions targeting these diseases in a school context remain promising because of the reduced mosquito breeding and improved water quality, as well as educational benefits. However, to improve outcomes in future integrated approaches, simultaneous interventions in communities, in addition to schools, should be considered; using appropriate combinations of site-specific, effective, acceptable, and affordable interventions. C1 [Overgaard, Hans J.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Math Sci & Technol, As, Norway. [Overgaard, Hans J.] Inst Rech Dev, Malad Infect & Vecteurs, Ecol Genet Evolut & Controle, Montpellier, France. [Overgaard, Hans J.] Kasetsart Univ, Dept Entomol, Fac Agr, Bangkok, Thailand. [Alexander, Neal] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, MRC Trop Epidemiol Grp, London, England. [Matiz, Maria Ines; Jaramillo, Juan Felipe; Olano, Victor Alberto; Vargas, Sandra; Sarmiento, Diana] Univ El Bosque, Inst Salud & Ambiente, Bogota, Colombia. [Lenhart, Audrey] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Lenhart, Audrey] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Stenstrom, Thor Axel] Durban Univ Technol, Inst Water & Waste Water Technol, SARChI Chair, Durban, South Africa. RP Overgaard, HJ (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Math Sci & Technol, As, Norway.; Overgaard, HJ (reprint author), Inst Rech Dev, Malad Infect & Vecteurs, Ecol Genet Evolut & Controle, Montpellier, France.; Overgaard, HJ (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, Dept Entomol, Fac Agr, Bangkok, Thailand. EM hans.overgaard@nmbu.no FU Research Council of Norway [201349]; Fundacion Lazos de Calandaima, Colombia; Universidad El Bosque, Colombia FX This work was funded by: Research Council of Norway, Project no. 201349, www.forskningsradet.no, HJO; Fundacion Lazos de Calandaima, Colombia, MIM; and Universidad El Bosque, Colombia, MIM. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0005106 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005106 PG 26 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EI0HR UT WOS:000392154400031 PM 27820821 ER PT J AU Nolen, LD Traxler, RM Kharod, GA Kache, PA Katharios-Lanwermeyer, S Hendricks, KA Shadomy, SV Bower, WA Meaney-Delman, D Walke, HT AF Nolen, Leisha D. Traxler, Rita M. Kharod, Grishma A. Kache, Pallavi A. Katharios-Lanwermeyer, Stefan Hendricks, Katherine A. Shadomy, Sean V. Bower, William A. Meaney-Delman, Dana Walke, Henry T. TI POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS AFTER POSSIBLE ANTHRAX EXPOSURE: ADHERENCE AND ADVERSE EVENTS SO HEALTH SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Anthrax; Medical management/response; Public health preparedness/response; Adverse reactions; Vaccines ID SAFETY AB Anthrax postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) was recommended to 42 people after a laboratory incident that involved potential aerosolization of Bacillus anthracis spores in 2 laboratories at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2014. At least 31 (74%) individuals who initiated PEP did not complete either the recommended 60 days of antimicrobial therapy or the 3-dose vaccine regimen. Among the 29 that discontinued the antimicrobial component of PEP, most (38%) individuals discontinued PEP because of their low perceived risk of infection; 9 (31%) individuals discontinued prophylaxis due to PEP-related minor adverse events, and 10% cited both low risk and adverse events as their reason for discontinuation. Most minor adverse events reported were gastrointestinal complaints, and none required medical attention. Individuals taking ciprofloxacin were twice as likely (RR=2.02, 95% CI=1.1-3.6) to discontinue antimicrobial prophylaxis when compared to those taking doxycycline. In the event anthrax PEP is recommended, public health messages and patient education materials will need to address potential misconceptions regarding exposure risk and provide information about possible adverse events in order to promote PEP adherence. C1 [Nolen, Leisha D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Sci Educ & Profess Dev, Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv,Epidem Inte, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nolen, Leisha D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Traxler, Rita M.; Kharod, Grishma A.; Kache, Pallavi A.; Katharios-Lanwermeyer, Stefan; Hendricks, Katherine A.; Shadomy, Sean V.; Bower, William A.; Walke, Henry T.] CDC, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Meaney-Delman, Dana] CDC, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bower, WA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, MailStop A30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.; Bower, WA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, MailStop A30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wbower@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2326-5094 EI 2326-5108 J9 HEALTH SECUR JI Health Secur. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 14 IS 6 BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1089/hs.2016.0060 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG8NZ UT WOS:000391315200006 PM 27898235 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA Arthur, R Mounts, AW AF Balajee, S. Arunmozhi Arthur, Ray Mounts, Anthony W. TI GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY: BUILDING CAPACITIES FOR EARLY EVENT DETECTION, EPIDEMIOLOGIC WORKFORCE, AND LABORATORY RESPONSE SO HEALTH SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Public health preparedness/response; Surveillance; Diagnostics ID EBOLA-VIRUS; SURVEILLANCE; BANGLADESH; CAMBODIA; CHINA AB The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) was launched in February 2014 to bring countries with limited capacity into compliance with the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005). Recent international public health events, such as the appearance of Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the reappearance of Ebola in West Africa, have highlighted the importance of early detection of disease events and the interconnectedness of countries. Surveillance systems that allow early detection and recognition of signal events, a public health infrastructure that allows rapid notification and information sharing within countries and across borders, a trained epidemiologic workforce, and a laboratory network that can respond appropriately and rapidly are emerging as critical components of an early warning and response system. This article focuses on 3 aspects of the GHSA that will lead to improved capacities for the detection and response to outbreaks as required by the IHR: (1) early detection and reporting of events, (2) laboratory capacity, and (3) a trained epidemiologic workforce. C1 [Balajee, S. Arunmozhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Global Hlth Sci, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Arthur, Ray] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Dis Detect Operat Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mounts, Anthony W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Hlth Protect, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Global Hlth Sci, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM fir3@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2326-5094 EI 2326-5108 J9 HEALTH SECUR JI Health Secur. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 14 IS 6 BP 424 EP 432 DI 10.1089/hs.2015.0062 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG8NZ UT WOS:000391315200007 PM 27898218 ER PT J AU Lor, A Thomas, JC Barrett, DH Ortmann, LW Guibert, DJH AF Lor, Aun Thomas, James C. Barrett, Drue H. Ortmann, Leonard W. Guibert, Dionisio J. Herrera TI Key Ethical Issues Discussed at CDC-Sponsored International, Regional Meetings to Explore Cultural Perspectives and Contexts on Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Public Health Ethics; Culture; Influenza; Pandemic Preparedness; Global Health; Emergency Response ID PUBLIC-HEALTH PREPAREDNESS; GLOBAL HEALTH; HUMAN-RIGHTS; CHALLENGES; EBOLA AB Background: Recognizing the importance of having a broad exploration of how cultural perspectives may shape thinking about ethical considerations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded four regional meetings in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Eastern Mediterranean to explore these perspectives relevant to pandemic influenza preparedness and response. The meetings were attended by 168 health professionals, scientists, academics, ethicists, religious leaders, and other community members representing 40 countries in these regions. Methods: We reviewed the meeting reports, notes and stories and mapped outcomes to the key ethical challenges for pandemic influenza response described in the World Health Organization's (WHO's) guidance, Ethical Considerations in Developing a Public Health Response to Pandemic Influenza: transparency and public engagement, allocation of resources, social distancing, obligations to and of healthcare workers, and international collaboration. Results: The important role of transparency and public engagement were widely accepted among participants. However, there was general agreement that no "one size fits all" approach to allocating resources can address the variety of economic, cultural and other contextual factors that must be taken into account. The importance of social distancing as a tool to limit disease transmission was also recognized, but the difficulties associated with this measure were acknowledged. There was agreement that healthcare workers often have competing obligations and that government has a responsibility to assist healthcare workers in doing their job by providing appropriate training and equipment. Finally, there was agreement about the importance of international collaboration for combating global health threats. Conclusion: Although some cultural differences in the values that frame pandemic preparedness and response efforts were observed, participants generally agreed on the key ethical principles discussed in the WHO's guidance. Most significantly the input gathered from these regional meetings pointed to the important role that procedural ethics can play in bringing people and countries together to respond to the shared health threat posed by a pandemic influenza despite the existence of cultural differences. C1 [Lor, Aun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Thomas, James C.] Univ N Carolina, Gilllings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Barrett, Drue H.; Ortmann, Leonard W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Associate Director Sci, Off Sci Integr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Guibert, Dionisio J. Herrera] Task Force Global Hlth Inc, Training Programs Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Interven, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lor, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM aal8@cdc.gov OI IJHPM, IJHPM/0000-0002-4107-8686 FU United States Agency for International Development; CDC FX Funding was provided by the United States Agency for International Development and CDC to support the four regional meetings described in the manuscript. Funding was used for travel-related expenses of all participants, including the co-authors of this paper, to participate in one or more of the meetings. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KERMAN UNIV MEDICAL SCIENCES PI KERMAN PA JAHAD BLVD, KERMAN, 7619813159, IRAN SN 2322-5939 J9 INT J HEALTH POLICY JI Int. J. Health Policy Manag. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 5 IS 11 BP 653 EP 662 DI 10.15171/ijhpm.2016.55 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA EG5WJ UT WOS:000391115200006 PM 27801360 ER PT J AU Rid, A Johansson, MA Leung, G Valantine, H Burchard, EG Oh, SS Zimmerman, C AF Rid, Annette Johansson, Michael A. Leung, Gabriel Valantine, Hannah Burchard, Esteban G. Oh, Sam S. Zimmerman, Cathy CA PLOS Med Editors TI Towards Equity in Health: Researchers Take Stock SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIVERSITY C1 Publ Lib Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. [PLOS Med Editors] Publ Lib Sci, Cambridge, England. [Rid, Annette] Kings Coll London, Dept Global Hlth & Social Med, London, England. [Johansson, Michael A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, San Juan, PR USA. [Johansson, Michael A.] TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Communicable Dis Dynam, Boston, MA USA. [Leung, Gabriel] Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Valantine, Hannah] NIH, Off Director, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Valantine, Hannah] NHLBI, Lab Genome Transplantat, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Burchard, Esteban G.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Burchard, Esteban G.; Oh, Sam S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Zimmerman, Cathy] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London, England. RP Rid, A (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Dept Global Hlth & Social Med, London, England. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 13 IS 11 AR e1002186 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002186 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EG7NE UT WOS:000391233800022 ER PT J AU Watson, KB Dai, SF Paul, P Carlson, SA Carroll, DD Fulton, J AF Watson, Kathleen Bechtel Dai, Shifan Paul, Prabasaj Carlson, Susan A. Carroll, Dianna D. Fulton, Janet TI The Attributable Proportion of Specific Leisure-Time Physical Activities to Total Leisure Activity Volume Among US Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; physical activity; public health; surveillance; public health ID PARTICIPATION; PREVALENCE; WEIGHT; MEN AB Background: Previous studies have examined participation in specific leisure-time physical activities (PA) among US adults. The purpose of this study was to identify specific activities that contribute substantially to total volume of leisure-time PA in US adults. Methods: Proportion of total volume of leisure-time PA moderate-equivalent minutes attributable to 9 specific types of activities was estimated using self-reported data from 21,685 adult participants >= 18 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006. Results: Overall, walking (28%), sports (22%), and dancing (9%) contributed most to PA volume. Attributable proportion was higher among men than women for sports (30% vs. 11%) and higher among women than men for walking (36% vs. 23%), dancing (16% vs. 4%), and conditioning exercises (10% vs. 5%). The proportion was lower for walking, but higher for sports, among active adults than those insufficiently active and increased with age for walking. Compared with other racial/ethnic groups, the proportion was lower for sports among non-Hispanic white men and for dancing among non Hispanic white women. Conclusions: Walking, sports, and dance account for the most activity time among US adults overall, yet some demographic variations exist. Strategies for PA promotion should be tailored to differences across population subgroups. C1 [Watson, Kathleen Bechtel; Fulton, Janet] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dai, Shifan; Carlson, Susan A.; Carroll, Dianna D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA USA. [Paul, Prabasaj] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Watson, KB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM iyr4@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 EI 1543-5474 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD NOV PY 2016 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1192 EP 1201 DI 10.1123/jpah.2015-0695 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EG5JZ UT WOS:000391081400006 PM 27335226 ER PT J AU Riehle-Colarusso, TJ Bergersen, L Broberg, CS Cassell, CH Gray, DT Grosse, SD Jacobs, JP Jacobs, ML Kirby, RS Kochilas, L Krishnaswamy, A Marelli, A Pasquali, SK Wood, T Oster, ME AF Riehle-Colarusso, Tiffany J. Bergersen, Lisa Broberg, Craig S. Cassell, Cynthia H. Gray, Darryl T. Grosse, Scott D. Jacobs, Jeffrey P. Jacobs, Marshall L. Kirby, Russell S. Kochilas, Lazaros Krishnaswamy, Asha Marelli, Arianne Pasquali, Sara K. Wood, Thalia Oster, Matthew E. CA MPH Congenital Heart Public Hlth TI Databases for Congenital Heart Defect Public Health Studies Across the Lifespan SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE congenital heart defects; databases; public health science ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; UNITED-STATES; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; RACIAL/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES; SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMS; DISEASE; SURGERY; POPULATION; PREVENTION; MORTALITY C1 [Riehle-Colarusso, Tiffany J.; Cassell, Cynthia H.; Krishnaswamy, Asha; Oster, Matthew E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Congenital & Dev Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Grosse, Scott D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Congenital & Dev Disorders, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bergersen, Lisa] Harvard Med Sch, Childrens Hosp Boston, Dept Cardiol, Boston, MA USA. [Broberg, Craig S.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Adult Congenital Heart Program, Knight Cardiovasc Inst, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Gray, Darryl T.] Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Qual Improvement & Patient Safety, Rockville, MD USA. [Jacobs, Jeffrey P.; Jacobs, Marshall L.] Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hosp, Div Cardiovasc Surg, Dept Surg, Johns Hopkins All Childrens Heart Inst, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Jacobs, Jeffrey P.; Jacobs, Marshall L.] Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hosp, Div Cardiovasc Surg, Dept Surg, Johns Hopkins All Childrens Heart Inst, Tampa, FL USA. [Jacobs, Jeffrey P.; Jacobs, Marshall L.] Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hosp, Div Cardiovasc Surg, Dept Surg, Johns Hopkins All Childrens Heart Inst, Orlando, FL USA. [Jacobs, Jeffrey P.; Jacobs, Marshall L.] Florida Hosp Children, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Jacobs, Jeffrey P.; Jacobs, Marshall L.] Florida Hosp Children, Tampa, FL USA. [Jacobs, Jeffrey P.; Jacobs, Marshall L.] Florida Hosp Children, Orlando, FL USA. [Jacobs, Jeffrey P.; Jacobs, Marshall L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Surg, Div Cardiac Surg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kirby, Russell S.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. [Kochilas, Lazaros; Oster, Matthew E.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. [Marelli, Arianne] McGill Adult Unit Congenital Heart Dis, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Pasquali, Sara K.] Univ Michigan, CS Mott Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat & Communicable Dis, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wood, Thalia] Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Riehle-Colarusso, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tcolarusso@cdc.gov NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2047-9980 J9 J AM HEART ASSOC JI J. Am. Heart Assoc. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 5 IS 11 AR e004148 DI 10.1161/JAHA.116.004148 PG 15 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA EG1IU UT WOS:000390786600033 ER PT J AU Chen, LH Han, PV Wilson, ME Stoney, RJ Jentes, ES Benoit, C Ooi, WW Barnett, ED Hamer, DH AF Chen, Lin H. Han, Pauline V. Wilson, Mary E. Stoney, Rhett J. Jentes, Emily S. Benoit, Christine Ooi, Winnie W. Barnett, Elizabeth D. Hamer, Davidson H. TI Self-reported illness among Boston-area international travelers: A prospective study SO TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Travel; Influenza; Travel-associated; health problems; Survey; Knowledge-attitudes practices ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIA; HEALTH-PROBLEMS; GEOSENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; RETURNED TRAVELERS; UNITED-STATES; CARE; INFECTION; RELATIVES; CARRIAGE AB Background: The Boston Area Travel Medicine Network surveyed travelers on travel-related health problems. Methods: Travelers were recruited 2009-2011 during pre-travel consultation at three clinics. The investigation included pre-travel data, weekly during-travel diaries, and a post-travel questionnaire. We analyzed demographics, trip characteristics, health problems experienced, and assessed the relationship between influenza vaccination, influenza prevention advice, and respiratory symptoms. Results: of 987 enrolled travelers, 628 (64%) completed all surveys, of which 400 (64%) reported health problems during and/or after travel; median trip duration was 12 days. Diarrhea affected the most people during travel (172) while runny/stuffy nose affected the most people after travel (95). Of those with health problems during travel, 25% stopped or altered plans; 1% were hospitalized. After travel, 21% stopped planned activities, 23% sought physician or other health advice; one traveler was hospitalized. Travelers who received influenza vaccination and influenza prevention advice had lower rates of respiratory symptoms than those that received influenza prevention advice atone (18% vs 28%, P = 0.03). Conclusions: A large proportion of Boston-area travelers reported health problems despite pre travel consultation, resulting in inconveniences. The combination of influenza prevention advice and influenza immunization was associated with fewer respiratory symptoms than those who received influenza prevention advice atone. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Lin H.] Mt Auburn Hosp, Travel Med Ctr, 330 Mt Auburn St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chen, Lin H.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. [Han, Pauline V.; Stoney, Rhett J.; Jentes, Emily S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wilson, Mary E.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA USA. [Benoit, Christine] Childrens Hosp & Clin Minnesota, Dept Res & Sponsored Programs, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Ooi, Winnie W.] Lahey Clin Fdn, Med Ctr, Travel & Trop Med Clin, Burlington, MA USA. [Barnett, Elizabeth D.] Boston Med Ctr, Maxwell Finland Lab Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA USA. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Infect Dis Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Chen, LH (reprint author), Mt Auburn Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Travel Med Ctr, 330 Mt Auburn St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Hamer, DH (reprint author), Ctr Global Hlth & Dev, Crosstown 3rd Floor,801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM lchen@hms.harvard.edu; dhamer@bu.edu OI Hamer, Davidson/0000-0002-4700-1495; Chen, Lin/0000-0002-5684-8436 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1 U19CI000508-01]; Boston Medical Center [1 U19CI000508-01] FX We thank Allison Kay and Deborah Gannon for their assistance with conducting the surveys and entering data. This research was funded by a cooperative agreement (1 U19CI000508-01) between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Boston Medical Center. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Christine Benoit was formerly at Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-8939 EI 1873-0442 J9 TRAVEL MED INFECT DI JI Travel Med. Infect. Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 14 IS 6 BP 604 EP 613 DI 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.09.009 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA EG5HR UT WOS:000391075400014 PM 27687076 ER PT J AU Wong, KK Mahon, BE Reingold, A AF Wong, Karen K. Mahon, Barbara E. Reingold, Arthur TI CVD 103-HgR vaccine for travelers SO TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Letter DE Cholera vaccines; Travel; CVD 103-HgR C1 [Wong, Karen K.; Mahon, Barbara E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Reingold, Arthur] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 50 Univ Hall 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wong, KK (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM kwong@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-8939 EI 1873-0442 J9 TRAVEL MED INFECT DI JI Travel Med. Infect. Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 14 IS 6 BP 632 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.09.011 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA EG5HR UT WOS:000391075400019 PM 27693492 ER PT J AU Pritt, BS Respicio-Kingry, LB Sloan, LM Schriefer, ME Replogle, AJ Bjork, J Liu, GP Kingry, LC Mead, PS Neitzel, DF Schiffman, E Johnson, DKH Davis, JP Paskewitz, SM Boxrud, D Deedon, A Lee, X Miller, TK Feist, MA Steward, CR Thee, ES Pate, R Irish, CL Petersen, JM AF Pritt, Bobbi S. Respicio-Kingry, Laurel B. Sloan, Lynne M. Schriefer, Martin E. Replogle, Adam J. Bjork, Jenna Liu, Gongping Kingry, Luke C. Mead, Paul S. Neitzel, David F. Schiffman, Elizabeth Johnson, Diep K. Hoang Davis, Jeffrey P. Paskewitz, Susan M. Boxrud, David Deedon, Alecia Lee, Xia Miller, Tracy K. Feist, Michelle A. Steward, Christopher R. Thee, Elitza S. Pate, Robin Irish, Cole L. Petersen, Jeannine M. TI Borrelia mayonii sp nov., a member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, detected in patients and ticks in the upper midwestern United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; LYME-BORRELIOSIS; DISEASE; BLOOD AB Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a multisystem disease caused by spirochetes in the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) genospecies complex. We previously described a novel Bbsl genospecies (type strain MN14-1420 T) that causes LB among patients with exposures to ticks in the upper midwestern USA. Patients infected with the novel Bbsl genospecies demonstrated higher levels of spirochetemia and somewhat differing clinical symptoms as compared with those infected with other Bbsl genospecies. The organism was detected from human specimens using PCR, microscopy, serology and culture. The taxonomic status was determined using an eighthousekeeping- gene (uvrA, rplB, recG, pyrG, pepX, clpX, clpA and nifS) multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) and comparison of 16S rRNA gene, flaB, rrf-rrl, ospC and oppA2 nucleotide sequences. Using a system threshold of 98.3% similarity for delineation of Bbsl genospecies by MLSA, we demonstrated that the novel species is a member of the Bbsl genospecies complex, most closely related to B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (94.7-94.9% similarity). This same species was identified in Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in Minnesota and Wisconsin. This novel species, Borrelia mayonii sp. nov, is formally described here. The type strain, MN14-1420, is available through the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zelkulturen GmbH (DSM 102811) and the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC BAA-2743). C1 [Pritt, Bobbi S.; Sloan, Lynne M.; Thee, Elitza S.; Pate, Robin; Irish, Cole L.] Mayo Clin, Dept Clin Microbiol, Rochester, MN USA. [Respicio-Kingry, Laurel B.; Schriefer, Martin E.; Replogle, Adam J.; Kingry, Luke C.; Mead, Paul S.; Petersen, Jeannine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Bjork, Jenna; Liu, Gongping; Neitzel, David F.; Schiffman, Elizabeth; Boxrud, David] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. [Johnson, Diep K. Hoang; Davis, Jeffrey P.; Deedon, Alecia; Steward, Christopher R.] Wisconsin Dept Hlth Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Paskewitz, Susan M.; Lee, Xia] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. [Miller, Tracy K.; Feist, Michelle A.] North Dakota Dept Hlth, Bismarck, ND USA. RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nzp0@cdc.gov OI Kingry, Luke/0000-0002-5724-2575 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU MICROBIOLOGY SOC PI LONDON PA CHARLES DARWIN HOUSE, 12 ROGER ST, LONDON WC1N 2JU, ERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 EI 1466-5034 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 66 BP 4878 EP 4880 DI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001445 PN 11 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EF9YE UT WOS:000390686600087 PM 27558626 ER PT J AU Bonhomme, MG Holder-Hayes, E Ambrose, BK Tworek, C Feirman, SP King, BA Apelberg, BJ AF Bonhomme, Michele G. Holder-Hayes, Enver Ambrose, Bridget K. Tworek, Cindy Feirman, Shari P. King, Brian A. Apelberg, Benjamin J. TI Flavoured non-cigarette tobacco product use among US adults: 2013-2014 SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Non-cigarette tobacco products; Surveillance and monitoring; Priority; special populations; Disparities; Electronic nicotine delivery devices ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; UNITED-STATES; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES; YOUNG-ADULTS; SMOKERS; SMOKING; BRANDS; TRENDS; CIGARILLOS; SMOKELESS AB Introduction Limited data exist on flavoured non-cigarette tobacco product (NCTP) use among US adults. Methods Data from the 2013 to 2014 National Adult Tobacco Survey (N=75233), a landline and cellular telephone survey of US adults aged 18, were assessed to estimate past 30-day NCTP use, flavoured NCTP use and flavour types using bivariate analyses. Results During 2013-2014, 14.4% of US adults were past 30-day NCTP users. Nationally, an estimated 10.2 million e-cigarette users (68.2%), 6.1 million hookah users (82.3%), 4.1 million cigar smokers (36.2%) and 4.0 million smokeless tobacco users (50.6%) used flavoured products in the past 30days. The most prevalent flavours reported were menthol/mint (76.9%) for smokeless tobacco; fruit (74.0%) for hookah; fruit (52.4%), candy/chocolate/other sweet flavours (22.0%) and alcohol (14.5%) for cigars/cigarillos/filtered little cigars; fruit (44.9%), menthol/mint (43.9%) and candy/chocolate/other sweet flavours (25.7%) for e-cigarettes and fruit (56.6%), candy/chocolate/other sweet flavours (26.5%) and menthol/mint (24.8%) for pipes. Except for hookah and pipes, past 30-day flavoured product use was highest among 18-24-year olds. By cigarette smoking, never smoking e-cigarette users (84.8%) were more likely to report flavoured e-cigarette use, followed by recent former smokers (78.1%), long-term former smokers (70.4%) and current smokers (63.2%). Conclusions Flavoured NCTP use is prominent among US adult tobacco users, particularly among e-cigarette, hookah and cigar users. Flavoured product use, especially fruit and sweet-flavoured products, was higher among younger adults. It is important for tobacco prevention and control strategies to address all forms of tobacco use, including flavoured tobacco products. C1 [Bonhomme, Michele G.; Holder-Hayes, Enver; Ambrose, Bridget K.; Tworek, Cindy; Feirman, Shari P.; Apelberg, Benjamin J.] US FDA, Ctr Tobacco Prod, Off Sci, Bldg WO75,Room 4476,10903 New Hampshire, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. [King, Brian A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bonhomme, MG (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Tobacco Prod, Off Sci, Bldg WO75,Room 4476,10903 New Hampshire, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. EM Michele.Bonhomme@fda.hhs.gov FU Food and Drug Administration's Center for Tobacco Products; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Office of Smoking and Health FX This work was supported by the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Tobacco Products and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Office of Smoking and Health. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 EI 1468-3318 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD NOV PY 2016 VL 25 SU 2 BP ii4 EP ii13 DI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053373 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF8OZ UT WOS:000390589800002 PM 27794065 ER PT J AU Stanton, CA Villanti, AC Watson, C Delnevo, CD AF Stanton, Cassandra A. Villanti, Andrea C. Watson, Clifford Delnevo, Cristine D. TI Flavoured tobacco products in the USA: synthesis of recent multidiscipline studies with implications for advancing tobacco regulatory science SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Hand-rolled; RYO tobacco; Public policy; Harm Reduction ID UNITED-STATES C1 [Stanton, Cassandra A.] Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Stanton, Cassandra A.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Villanti, Andrea C.] Schroeder Inst Tobacco Res & Policy Studies Truth, Washington, DC USA. [Watson, Clifford] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Delnevo, Cristine D.] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Stanton, CA (reprint author), Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM cassandrastanton@westat.com OI Villanti, Andrea/0000-0003-3104-966X FU [U54-CA-189222] FX The authors thank Lauren Collins, MPH, for her assistance compiling this special issue. This special issue and CAS and ACV's effort on this project were supported by U54-CA-189222. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 EI 1468-3318 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD NOV PY 2016 VL 25 SU 2 BP ii1 EP ii3 DI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053486 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF8OZ UT WOS:000390589800001 PM 27856996 ER PT J AU O'Callaghan, JP Michalovicz, LT Kelly, KA AF O'Callaghan, James P. Michalovicz, Lindsay T. Kelly, Kimberly A. TI Supporting a Neuroimmune Basis of Gulf War Illness SO EBIOMEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID VETERANS; MICE C1 [O'Callaghan, James P.; Michalovicz, Lindsay T.; Kelly, Kimberly A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jdo5@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-3964 J9 EBIOMEDICINE JI EBioMedicine PD NOV PY 2016 VL 13 BP 5 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.037 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EG0EU UT WOS:000390704800003 PM 27806904 ER PT J AU Messerlian, C Wylie, BJ Minguez-Alarcon, L Williams, PL Ford, JB Souter, IC Calafat, AM Hauser, R AF Messerlian, Carmen Wylie, Blair J. Minguez-Alarcon, Lidia Williams, Paige L. Ford, Jennifer B. Souter, Irene C. Calafat, Antonia M. Hauser, Russ CA Earth Study Team TI Urinary Concentrations of Phthalate Metabolites and Pregnancy Loss Among Women Conceiving with Medically Assisted Reproduction SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; BISPHENOL-A; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; MISCARRIAGE; RATS; CONCEPTION; HEALTH; RISK; MICE AB Background: Animal studies demonstrate that several phthalates are embryofetotoxic and are associated with increased pregnancy loss and malformations. Results from human studies on phthalates and pregnancy loss are inconsistent. Methods: We examined pregnancy loss prospectively in relation to urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations among women undergoing medically assisted reproduction. We used data from 256 women conceiving 303 pregnancies recruited between 2004 and 2012 from the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center. We quantified 11 phthalate metabolite concentrations and calculated the molar sum of four di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites (Sigma DEHP). We estimated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals for biochemical loss and total pregnancy loss (<20 weeks' gestation) across quartiles using repeated measures log-binomial models, adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking and infertility diagnosis. Results: Of the 303 pregnancies, 83 (27%) ended in loss less than 20 weeks' gestation and among these, 31 (10%) ended in biochemical loss. Although imprecise, the RRs for biochemical loss increased across quartiles of SDEHP and three individual DEHP metabolites. For SDEHP, the RRs (confidence intervals) were 2.3 (0.63, 8.5), 2.0 (0.58, 7.2), and 3.4 (0.97, 11.7) for quartiles two, three, and four, compared with one, respectively (P trend = 0.04). RRs for total pregnancy loss were elevated in the highest quartiles of SDEHP and three DEHP metabolites. The remaining seven phthalate metabolite concentrations evaluated were not associated with either outcome. Conclusions: We found a suggestive pattern of association between conception cycle-specific urinary concentrations of DEHP metabolites and biochemical and total pregnancy loss among women undergoing medically assisted reproduction. C1 [Messerlian, Carmen; Wylie, Blair J.; Minguez-Alarcon, Lidia; Ford, Jennifer B.; Hauser, Russ] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Wylie, Blair J.] Harvard Med Sch, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Boston, MA USA. [Williams, Paige L.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Williams, Paige L.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. [Souter, Irene C.] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Fertil Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hauser, Russ] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Obstet & Gynecol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hauser, Russ] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. RP Messerlian, C (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave,FXB 102A, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM cmesser@hsph.harvard.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [ES009718, ES022955, ES000002, T32ES007069]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [NIH K23 ES021471]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research FX This work is supported by Grants ES009718, ES022955, and ES000002, T32ES007069 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). BJW was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH K23 ES021471). CM was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1044-3983 EI 1531-5487 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2016 VL 27 IS 6 BP 879 EP 888 DI 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000525 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EF3UZ UT WOS:000390251500018 PM 27299194 ER PT J AU Gounder, PP Bulkow, LR Snowball, M Negus, S Spradling, PR McMahon, BJ AF Gounder, Prabhu P. Bulkow, Lisa R. Snowball, Mary Negus, Susan Spradling, Philip R. McMahon, Brian J. TI Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Alaska Native Children and Young Adults with Hepatitis B Virus: Retrospective Cohort Analysis SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-HISTORY; GENOTYPE-F; INFECTION; TRANSPLANTATION; VACCINATION; DISEASE; TAIWAN; AGE AB Objectives To evaluate the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in Alaska Native children and young adults with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Study design Retrospective analysis of a population-based cohort of Alaska Native persons with HBV followed during 1982-2012. All individuals with HBV were offered HCC screening regardless of age using alpha-fetoprotein every 6 months; persons with an elevated alpha-fetoprotein or persons at high-risk for HCC, such as cirrhosis, family history of HCC, were offered ultrasound. We calculated the HCC incidence/1000 person-years from date of cohort entry until death, diagnosis of HCC, or attaining the age of 40 years (males) or 50 years (females). Results We followed 1083 subjects with HBV (56% male) comprising 5 genotypes (A2 [12.5%], B6 [1.7%], C [5.3%], D [49.7%], F1 [18.6%], unknown [12.4%]) for a median of 23.4 years/person. We observed 22 HCC cases (incidence/1000 person-years follow-up: 1.0); 19 HCC cases among persons with genotype F1. There was no significant difference in HCC incidence between males (1.4) and females (0.6). The HCC incidence was significantly higher for persons with genotype F1 (4.4) compared with genotype A2 (0.4) and D (0.2) and remained higher among persons with HBV genotype F1 excluding persons with HCC family history/cirrhosis (1.9). Conclusions Alaska Native children and young adults with HBV genotype F1 are at high risk for HCC and should receive HCC surveillance. For males <40 years of age and females <50 years of age with HBV in regions of the world with a high genotype F prevalence, testing/confirming genotype F can identify persons who could benefit from HCC surveillance. C1 [Gounder, Prabhu P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Bulkow, Lisa R.; Negus, Susan; McMahon, Brian J.] Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Liver Dis & Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. [Snowball, Mary; Spradling, Philip R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis Sexually Transm, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gounder, PP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Division of Viral Hepatitis [1U01PS004113] FX Supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Division of Viral Hepatitis (1U01PS004113). Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 178 BP 206 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.08.017 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA EF0ON UT WOS:000390025400038 PM 27590612 ER PT J AU Rao, S Messacar, K Torok, MR Rick, AM Holzberg, J Montano, A Bagdure, D Curtis, DJ Oberste, MS Nix, WA de Masellis, G Robinson, CC Dominguez, SR AF Rao, Suchitra Messacar, Kevin Torok, Michelle R. Rick, Anne-Marie Holzberg, Jeffrey Montano, Aaron Bagdure, Dayanand Curtis, Donna J. Oberste, M. Steven Nix, W. Allan de Masellis, Gina Robinson, Christine C. Dominguez, Samuel R. TI Enterovirus D68 in Critically Ill Children: A Comparison With Pandemic H1N1 Influenza SO PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE enterovirus D68; influenza virus; respiratory tract illness ID A H1N1; RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; VIRAL-INFECTION; EXACERBATIONS; VIRUSES; DISEASE; ASTHMA; HEMAGGLUTININ; ASSOCIATION; RHINOVIRUS AB Objective: In 2014, the Unites States experienced an outbreak of enterovirus D68 associated with severe respiratory illness. The clinical characteristics associated with severe illness from enterovirus D68 during this outbreak compared with those associated with the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus outbreak are unknown. Design and Setting: In this retrospective cohort study, we characterized the clinical features of children with enterovirus D68 admitted to the PICU between August 1, 2014, and November 1, 2014, and compared them with critically ill children infected with H1N1 influenza during the pandemic admitted between May 1, 2009, and January 31, 2010. Patients: PICU patients. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Ninety-seven severely ill children with enterovirus D68 infections were compared with 68 children infected with H1N1 influenza during the 2009 pandemic. Children with enterovirus D68 were more likely to have asthma (62% vs 23%; p < 0.001) and present with reactive airway disease exacerbations, with greater receipt of albuterol (94% vs 49%) and steroids (89% vs 40%; p < 0.0001 for both). Although more children with enterovirus D68 were admitted to the ICU compared with those with H1N1 influenza, they had a shorter hospital length of stay (4 vs 7 d; p < 0.0001), with lower intubation rates (7% vs 44%), vasopressor use (3% vs 32%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (3% vs 24%), shock (0% vs 16%), and death (0% vs 12%; p < 0.05 for all). Compared with children with other enteroviruses and rhinoviruses, children with enterovirus D68 were more likely to have a history of asthma (64% vs 45%) or multiple prior wheezing episodes (54% vs 34%; p < 0.01 for both). Conclusions: Critically ill children with enterovirus D68 were more likely to present with reactive airway disease exacerbations, whereas children with H1N1 influenza were more likely to present with pneumonia. Compared with the pandemic H1N1 influenza outbreak, the enterovirus D68 outbreak resulted in more children requiring admission to the ICU, but was associated with less severe outcomes. C1 [Rao, Suchitra; Messacar, Kevin; Torok, Michelle R.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Hosp Med & Infect Dis, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Rao, Suchitra; Messacar, Kevin; Rick, Anne-Marie; Holzberg, Jeffrey; Curtis, Donna J.; de Masellis, Gina; Dominguez, Samuel R.] Childrens Hosp Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Torok, Michelle R.] Adult & Child Ctr Hlth Outcomes Res & Delivery Sc, Aurora, CO USA. [Rick, Anne-Marie; Holzberg, Jeffrey] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO USA. [Montano, Aaron] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Bagdure, Dayanand; de Masellis, Gina] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Crit Care, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Curtis, Donna J.; Dominguez, Samuel R.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, Aurora, CO USA. [Oberste, M. Steven; Nix, W. Allan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Robinson, Christine C.] Childrens Hosp Colorado, Dept Microbiol Virol, Aurora, CO USA. RP Rao, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Hosp Med & Infect Dis, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.; Rao, S (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM suchitra.rao@childrenscolo-rado.org FU National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources (Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute) [UL1 TR001082]; National Institutes of Health (NIH); NIH/National Center for Research Resources [Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute) [UL1 TR0010821]; MedImmune; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Zeptometrix; NIH FX Supported, in part, by a grant from the National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources (Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute grant number UL1 TR001082).; Dr. Rao received support for article research from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Her institution received funding (This work was supported by a grant from the NIH/National Center for Research Resources [Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute grant number UL1 TR0010821). Dr. Holzberg's institution received grant. Dr. Curtis disclosed other support (salary support as part of an investigator-initiated study of QLAIV vaccine in HIV-infected children and youth. Sponsor was MedImmune and support ended November 2014. She also receives support in the form of free vaccine from Sanofi-Pasteur for a study of Fluzone High Dose in immunocompromised children. She never received any support for work related to the study in this manuscript). Dr. Oberste disclosed government work. His institution received grant support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Zeptometrix. Dr. Nix disclosed government work Dr. Robinson disclosed off-label product use (Some cases included in this study were confirmed by testing lower respiratory tract specimens by the Film Array Respiratory Pathogen PCR [Biofire]. This test is FDA-cleared only for testing of nasopharygeal swabs; however the accuracy of results using lower respiratory tract specimens was verified by their laboratory, using the criteria of the College of American Pathologists). Dr. Dominguez received support for article research from the NIH. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1529-7535 EI 1947-3893 J9 PEDIATR CRIT CARE ME JI Pediatr. Crit. Care Med. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1023 EP 1031 DI 10.1097/PCC.0000000000000922 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Pediatrics SC General & Internal Medicine; Pediatrics GA EF2ES UT WOS:000390138100008 PM 27505715 ER EF